WO2024041062A1 - 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺 - Google Patents

烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024041062A1
WO2024041062A1 PCT/CN2023/096214 CN2023096214W WO2024041062A1 WO 2024041062 A1 WO2024041062 A1 WO 2024041062A1 CN 2023096214 W CN2023096214 W CN 2023096214W WO 2024041062 A1 WO2024041062 A1 WO 2024041062A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zinc
nickel
plating
electroplating
nickel alloy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/096214
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
施红良
谭杰
陈镔
金江华
汪佳豪
张晓伟
Original Assignee
浙江英洛华磁业有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 filed Critical 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司
Publication of WO2024041062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024041062A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/565—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a zinc-nickel electroplating process, in particular to a zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface of sintered neodymium iron boron material and its electroplating process.
  • NdFeB as the third generation rare earth permanent magnet material, is one of the important basic materials in electronic information products and is closely related to many electronic information products.
  • the NdFeB material contains a large amount of iron, its oxidation resistance is poor. Therefore, in many situations where permanent magnets are used, surface treatment is performed on them.
  • the most commonly used surface treatment solution is electroplating.
  • zinc-nickel alloy coating is a relatively new electroplating process this year. Research shows that zinc-nickel alloy coating with 13-16% nickel content has better corrosion resistance than pure zinc and pure nickel coating. This is because the potential of the 13-16% zinc-nickel alloy is higher than that of pure zinc coating.
  • the zinc-nickel coating When the zinc-nickel coating corrodes, a dense layer of zinc hydroxide oxide will be formed to prevent further oxidation. When pure zinc coating corrodes, a layer of loose and porous zinc oxide will be formed, while pure nickel coating is due to the high porosity of the single layer of nickel itself, making the matrix more susceptible to corrosion. If the nickel content in the zinc-nickel alloy coating is higher or lower than the 13-16% ratio, the zinc-nickel alloy in the coating does not belong to a single ⁇ phase, but is in a state of coexistence of ⁇ , eta, and ⁇ phases, which will cause the coating itself to exist Potential difference, once the medium penetrates into the coating surface through the passivation film, the corrosion resistance effect will be even worse.
  • NdFeB workpieces also require good bonding between the coating and the substrate. If plating is performed directly in the zinc-nickel alloy plating solution, the chloride ions in the plating solution will corrode the NdFeB substrate, resulting in poor bonding force. A two-layer electroplating scheme of zinc + zinc nickel is used directly on the NdFeB workpiece. There is also the problem of potential difference between the zinc coating and the zinc nickel coating, which will lead to poor corrosion resistance of the product. Under standard salt spray test environment, neutral salt spray The test failed to meet the standard for 48 hours.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface of sintered neodymium iron boron material and its electroplating process. Through the multi-layer electroplating process, the protective power and bonding power of the zinc-nickel alloy coating are improved.
  • An electroplating process for zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface of sintered NdFeB material includes the following steps:
  • Electroplating bottom zinc The sintered NdFeB material matrix that has been pretreated before plating is electroplated in an acidic zinc plating solution.
  • the formula of the acidic zinc plating solution is:
  • Main salt ZnSO 4 320 ⁇ 20g/L, buffer: H 3 BO 3 35 ⁇ 5g/L, brightener 3-5ml/L, pH value 4.7 ⁇ 0.2; electroplating process parameters are: current 50 ⁇ 5A, time 30 ⁇ 5min, cathode current density 0.222-0.272A/dm 2 ; after zinc plating, wash with water, activate in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and finally wash with water; obtain the sintered NdFeB material with bottom zinc plating;
  • the zinc-plated sintered NdFeB material is electroplated in an acidic zinc-nickel solution 1.
  • the formula of the acidic zinc-nickel solution 1 is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 72 ⁇ 10g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 80 ⁇ 10g/L, NaCl 188 ⁇ 20g/L; buffer: H 3 BO 3 30 ⁇ 5g/L, plating additive 120-230ml/L , pH value 5.1 ⁇ 0.2 (preferred pH value 5.2 ⁇ 5.3); electroplating process parameters are: current 55 ⁇ 5A, time 30 ⁇ 5min, plating bath temperature 20 ⁇ 2°C (constant temperature), cathode current density 0.15-0.35A/ dm 2 ; obtain the first zinc-nickel-plated sintered NdFeB material;
  • the first zinc-nickel-plated sintered NdFeB material is electroplated in an acidic zinc-nickel solution 2.
  • the formula of the acidic zinc-nickel solution 2 is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 72 ⁇ 10g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 100 ⁇ 10g/L, NaCl 178 ⁇ 20g/L; buffer: H 3 BO 3 30 ⁇ 5g/L, plating additive 120-230ml/L , pH value 4.9 ⁇ 0.2 (preferred pH value 4.8 ⁇ 4.9); electroplating process parameters are: current 45 ⁇ 5A, time 40 ⁇ 5min, plating solution temperature 25 ⁇ 2°C (constant temperature), cathode current density 0.198-0.247A/ dm 2 ; obtain the second zinc-nickel-plated sintered NdFeB material;
  • the second zinc-nickel-plated sintered NdFeB material is electroplated in an acidic zinc-nickel solution 3.
  • the formula of the acidic zinc-nickel solution 3 is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 72 ⁇ 10g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 100 ⁇ 10g/L, NaCl 178 ⁇ 20g/L, buffer: H 3 BO 3 35 ⁇ 5g/L, plating additive 120-230ml/L , pH value 4.7 ⁇ 0.2 (preferred pH value 4.6 ⁇ 4.7); electroplating process parameters are: current 40 ⁇ 5A, time 50 ⁇ 5min, plating solution temperature 30 ⁇ 2°C (constant temperature), cathode current density 0.173-0.222A/ dm 2 , the thickness of the deposited coating is 2-3 ⁇ m;
  • the third zinc-nickel-plated sintered NdFeB material is unloaded, it is washed with water and exposed to light in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution for 10 to 20 seconds. It is then washed with water and passivated with a passivation agent. Finally, it is washed with water, soaked in hot water and dried. A sintered NdFeB material with zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface is prepared.
  • the brightening additive is a sulfate galvanizing brightener, which is a commercially available conventional product.
  • zinc sulfur-30 is used, purchased from Wuhan Haide Chemical Development Co., Ltd.
  • the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 0.5 ⁇ 0.8wt% dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • the electroplating additive is an acidic zinc-nickel alloy additive, which is a commercially available conventional product, generally a complexing agent, a brightener, an auxiliary brightener, a moving agent, A combination of various additives including auxiliary salts and stabilizers.
  • the metal surface treatment agent AZN-680 of China Plating Technology is used in the embodiment of the present invention, and other additive formulas for electroplating acid zinc nickel can also be used. For example, Atotech (China) Chemical Co., Ltd.’s “Acidic Zinc Nickel Alloy 220” etc.
  • the preferred electroplating additive is China Plating Technology’s metal surface treatment agent AZN-680, in which the final concentration of each component in the plating solution is: complexing agent: 30-70ml/L, brightener: 0.1-0.8ml/L , Auxiliary brightener: 15-30ml/L, moving agent: 20-30ml/L, auxiliary salt: 60-90ml/L, stabilizer: 1-6ml/L.
  • the pre-plating pretreatment is to chamfer, pickle, ultrasonic wash and activate the sintered NdFeB material to obtain a sintered NdFeB material matrix that has been pre-plated.
  • the chamfering is to grind and chamfer the sintered NdFeB material in a vibrating machine to remove line cutting traces, manual chamfering traces and oxide scale on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the pickling is to use a nitric acid solution with a pH value of 0.33-0.38 to pickle the chamfered material to wash away the dust and scale stuck on the surface of the workpiece;
  • the ultrasonic cleaning is to clean the pickled materials in ultrasonic waves to remove residual acid and dust on the surface.
  • the activation is carried out in an aqueous solution of 2 to 2.5 wt% citric acid for 5 to 10 seconds. After activation, the material can be washed with water.
  • the passivation adopts natural passivation
  • the passivation liquid adopts the metal surface treatment agent ZD-ULTRP passivation agent produced by China Plating Technology.
  • the zinc-nickel plating layer does not change the metal color after passivation.
  • Passivation can be done by blanching.
  • the product is put into the passivation basket and fixed in the crossbar of the automatic passivation equipment.
  • the equipment drives the basket to start moving up and down.
  • the passivation agent mass concentration in the passivation solution is 10%, the pH value is 3.8-4.5, and the passivation time is 20 ⁇ 40s (preferably 30s).
  • the dilute hydrochloric acid solution is preferably 0.5 ⁇ 0.8wt% dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • running water washing is preferably used for water washing.
  • the hot water immersion is preferably in 55 ⁇ 5°C hot water for 2-3 minutes.
  • Drying is preferably done at 70°C.
  • the prepared sintered NdFeB material product with a zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface has a metallic luster, no protrusions and pits, and the plating groove is uniform and fine.
  • the zinc-nickel alloy coating includes four layers of coating, from the inner to the outer surface: the first layer is pure zinc coating, combined with the substrate; The second layer is a zinc-nickel alloy coating with a nickel content of 1%-6%; the third layer is a zinc-nickel alloy coating with a nickel content of 6%-12%; the fourth layer, the outermost layer, is a zinc-nickel alloy coating with a nickel content of 13%-16%. Zinc-nickel alloy coating.
  • the thickness of the first coating layer is 1-2 ⁇ m; the thickness of the second coating layer is 1.5-2.5 ⁇ m; the thickness of the third coating layer is 1.5-2.5 ⁇ m; and the thickness of the fourth coating layer is 2-3 ⁇ m.
  • Different nickel contents in the three-layer zinc-nickel coating are achieved by adjusting the composition, pH, temperature and current density of the plating solution.
  • the present invention four layers of coatings are plated on the sintered NdFeB material through multi-layer electroplating.
  • the pure zinc coating is used as the bottom layer.
  • the nickel content of the three layers of zinc-nickel alloy coating gradually increases from the inside to the outside. To the outermost layer, the nickel content reaches 13 %-16%, with the best corrosion resistance.
  • the present invention solves the problem of poor bonding force caused by corrosion of the NdFeB substrate by chloride ions by bottom zinc plating.
  • the multi-layer zinc-nickel electroplating is used to avoid the problem of large potential difference between the bottom zinc coating and the zinc-nickel coating.
  • the lower potential difference can reduce the corrosion rate of the primary battery when corrosion occurs, so that the zinc-nickel alloy coating on the surface of the sintered NdFeB material can pass through 240 hours of salt spray white rust and a force value greater than In the 5MPa bonding strength test, the bonding strength and corrosion resistance were significantly improved.
  • the direct electroplating of zinc-nickel on the NdFeB substrate it increased by more than 300%.
  • the process of the invention solves the hidden dangers of the NdFeB substrate being corroded by chloride ions during the electroplating process and the potential difference between the plating layers after electroplating, and improves the bonding strength and corrosion resistance of the electroplated zinc-nickel alloy coating of the sintered NdFeB substrate.
  • the salt spray test follows the neutral salt spray test (in compliance with ISO 9227 type NSS requirements).
  • Adhesion Test Standard Internal Procedure Based on ASTM D4541 - Coating Peel Strength Test Method Using a Portable Adhesion Tester, Test Method E
  • Step 1 Clean the surface of the magnet and test piece using alcohol or an alternative and a soft cloth according to the glue’s technical data sheet (recommended brand DeFelsko PosiTest AT);
  • Step 2 Mix Araldite 2011 glue in a 1:1 volume ratio according to the Technical Data Sheet (TDS);
  • Step 3 – Apply the mixed glue to the test piece
  • Step 5 Maintain according to TDS for 24 hours
  • Step 6 Remove excess glue from around the test piece
  • Step 7 Separate the magnet and test workpiece and note the strength (Mpa).
  • the electroplating process for bottom zinc plating is: pH value 4.7, current 50A, time 30min, current density 0.247A/dm 2 , loading capacity 25kg, product specification D37.7*4.
  • Main salt ZnSO 4 317g/L, buffer: H 3 BO 3 37g/L, brightener "Zinc Sulfur-30”: 4ml/L (brightener purchased from “Wuhan Haide Chemical Development Co., Ltd.”), pH value 4.7 ;
  • the process parameters of electroplating are: current 50A, time 30min, cathode current density 0.247A/dm 2 ; after plating the bottom zinc, it is washed with water, activated in dilute hydrochloric acid solution (0.5wt%), and finally washed with water; the bottom zinc plating is obtained Sintered NdFeB material.
  • the formula of zinc nickel 1# is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 65g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 85g/L, NaCl 196g/L; buffer: H 3 BO 3 34g/L, complexing agent EMV: 50ml/L, brightener BRIGHTENER: 0.1ml /L, auxiliary brightener AOF: 20ml/L, moving agent CB: 25ml/L, auxiliary salt EA: 70ml/L, stabilizer L: 3ml/L (EMV, BRIGHTENER, AOF, CB, EA, L directly from Procured by the manufacturer "China Plating Technology", it is the overall formula of the metal surface treatment agent AZN-680 (KCL), pH value 5.2; the process parameters of electroplating are: current 55A, time 30min, plating bath temperature 20°C (constant temperature), cathode The current density is 0.272A/dm2, the loading capacity is 25kg, and the product specification is D37.7*4.
  • the formula of zinc nickel 2# is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 70g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 109g/L, NaCl 189g/L; buffer: H 3 BO 3 33g/L, complexing agent EMV: 50ml/L, brightener BRIGHTENER: 0.1ml /L, auxiliary brightener AOF: 20ml/L, moving agent CB: 25ml/L, auxiliary salt EA: 70ml/L, stabilizer L: 3ml/L (EMV, BRIGHTENER, AOF, CB, EA, L directly from Procured by the manufacturer "China Plating Technology", it is the overall formula of the metal surface treatment agent AZN-680 (KCL), pH value 4.8; the electroplating process parameters are: current 45A, time 40min, plating bath temperature 25°C (constant temperature), cathode The current density is 0.223A/dm2, the loading capacity is 25kg, and the product specification is D37.7*4.
  • the formula of zinc nickel 3# is:
  • Main salt ZnCl 2 62g/L, NiCl 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O 105 g/L, NaCl 185g/L, buffer: H 3 BO 3 39g/L, complexing agent EMV: 50ml/L, brightener BRIGHTENER: 0.1 ml/L, auxiliary brightener AOF: 20ml/L, moving agent CB: 25ml/L, auxiliary salt EA: 70ml/L, stabilizer L: 3ml/L (EMV, BRIGHTENER, AOF, CB, EA, L directly Purchased from the manufacturer "China Plating Technology", it is the overall formula of the metal surface treatment agent AZN-680 (KCL) with a pH value of 4.6.
  • the electroplating process parameters are: current 40A, time 50min, plating bath temperature 30°C (constant temperature), cathode The current density is 0.198A/dm2, the loading capacity is 25kg, and the product specification is D37.7*4.
  • Example 2 Other processes are the same as Example 1, except that the pH value of the zinc-nickel plating solution is adjusted, see Table 2 for details, and Comparative Example 2 does not plate zinc-nickel 2#.

Abstract

本发明提供了烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层的电镀工艺，通过多层电镀的方式，先电镀底锌、然后进行三次的电镀锌镍，最终得到四层镀层，第一层为纯锌镀层，与基体结合；第二层为1%-6%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第三层为6%-12%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第四层即最外层为13%-16%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层。本发明的工艺解决了钕铁硼基体在电镀过程中被氯离子腐蚀和电镀后镀层间存在电位差的隐患，提高烧结钕铁硼基材电镀锌镍合金镀层结合力和耐腐蚀性，最终达到产品在不封闭情况下能通过240小时盐雾白锈和力值大于5MPa的结合力测试。

Description

烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电镀锌镍的工艺方法，特别涉及一种烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺。
 背景技术
钕铁硼作为第三代稀土永磁材料，是电子信息产品中重要的基础材料之一，与许多电子信息产品息息相关。然而，钕铁硼材料由于含有较多的铁成分，其抗氧化性能是较差的，因此在很多使用永磁体的场合，都对其进行了表面处理。而用得最多的表面处理方案就是电镀。在各种电镀方案中，锌镍合金镀层是今年来较为新兴的电镀工艺，研究表明，13-16%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层耐蚀性优于纯锌、纯镍镀层。这是因为13-16%锌镍合金的电位相较于纯锌镀层有所升高，在锌镍镀层发生腐蚀时，会形成一层致密的氢氧化锌氧化物，阻止进一步氧化。纯锌镀层发生腐蚀时，则会形成一层疏松、多孔的氧化锌，而纯镍镀层则是由于单层镍自身的孔隙率高，基体更易发生腐蚀。如果锌镍合金镀层中镍含量高于或低于13-16%这个比例，镀层中锌镍合金不属于单一的γ相，处于γ，η，α相共存的状态，这会导致镀层自身便存在电位差，一旦有介质透过钝化膜渗入到镀层表面时，耐腐蚀效果更差。
然而，由于钕铁硼材料的特殊用途，钕铁硼工件除了要求耐腐蚀外，还要求镀层与基体间具有良好的结合力。如果直接在锌镍合金镀液中进行电镀，镀液中的氯离子会腐蚀钕铁硼基材，导致结合力不良。直接在钕铁硼工件上采用锌+锌镍两层电镀方案，也有锌镀层和锌镍镀层间存在电位差的问题，这会导致产品耐蚀性差，标准盐雾测试环境下，中性盐雾测试48H无法达标。
因此，当前常用的锌镍合金镀层电镀工艺不适用于烧结钕铁硼表面防护，需要开发新的电镀工艺。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺，通过多层电镀工艺，提高锌镍合金镀层的防护力和结合力。
 技术解决方案
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层的电镀工艺，所述工艺包括以下步骤：
（1）电镀底锌：将经过镀前预处理的烧结钕铁硼材料基体在酸性镀锌溶液中进行电镀，所述酸性镀锌溶液的配方为：
主盐：ZnSO 4 320±20g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 35±5g/L，光亮剂3-5ml/L，pH值4.7±0.2；电镀的工艺参数为：电流50±5A，时间30±5min，阴极电流密度0.222-0.272A/dm 2；镀完底锌后经水洗、在稀盐酸溶液中活化，最后水洗；得到镀底锌的烧结钕铁硼材料；
（2）第一次电镀锌镍：
将镀底锌的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液1中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液1的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 80±10g/L，NaCl 188±20g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 330±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值5.1±0.2（优选pH值5.2~5.3）；电镀的工艺参数为：电流55±5A，时间30±5min，镀液温度20±2℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.15-0.35A/dm 2；得到第一次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料；
（3）第二次电镀锌镍：
将第一次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液2中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液2的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 100±10g/L，NaCl 178±20g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 30±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值4.9±0.2 （优选pH值4.8~4.9）；电镀的工艺参数为：电流45±5A，时间40±5min，镀液温度25±2℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.198-0.247A/dm 2；得到第二次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料；
（4）第三次电镀锌镍：
将第二次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液3中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液3的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 100±10g/L，NaCl 178±20g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 35±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值4.7±0.2（优选pH值4.6~4.7）；电镀的工艺参数为：电流40±5A，时间50±5min，镀液温度30±2℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.173-0.222A/dm 2，沉积镀层厚度为2-3μm；
（5）镀后处理：
第三次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料卸料后，水洗，在稀盐酸溶液中出光10~20S，再水洗，用钝化剂进行钝化处理，最后水洗、热水浸泡后烘干，制得表面镀有锌镍合金镀层的烧结钕铁硼材料。
所述步骤（1）中，所述光亮添加剂为硫酸盐镀锌光亮剂，为市售常规产品，本发明实施例中使用的是硫锌-30，购自武汉海德化工发展有限公司。
所述步骤（1）中，所述稀盐酸溶液优选0.5~0.8wt%稀盐酸。
所述步骤（2）、（3）、（4）中，所述电镀添加剂为酸性锌镍合金添加剂，为市售常规产品，一般为络合剂、光亮剂、辅助光亮剂、走位剂、辅助盐和稳定剂的多种添加剂的组合。本发明实施例中使用的是中镀科技的金属表面处理剂AZN-680，也可采用其它电镀酸性锌镍的添加剂配方。例如，安美特（中国）化学有限公司的“酸性锌镍合金 220”等。
进一步，优选电镀添加剂为中镀科技的金属表面处理剂AZN-680，其中各成分在镀液中的终浓度含量为：络合剂：30-70ml/L，光亮剂：0.1-0.8ml/L，辅助光亮剂：15-30ml/L，走位剂：20-30ml/L，辅助盐：60-90ml/L，稳定剂：1-6ml/L。
进一步，所述步骤（1）中，所述镀前预处理是将烧结钕铁硼材料经过倒角、酸洗、超声波洗涤、活化，得到经过镀前预处理的烧结钕铁硼材料基体。
所述倒角是将烧结钕铁硼材料在振动机内通过研磨倒角的方式去除工件表面的线切割痕迹、手工倒角痕迹和氧化皮。
所述酸洗是用pH值0.33-0.38的硝酸溶液对倒角后的材料进行酸洗，洗掉工件表面粘满的粉尘和氧化皮；
所述超声波洗涤是将酸洗后的材料在超声波中清洗，去除表面残留酸和粉尘。
所述活化是在2~2.5wt%柠檬酸的水溶液中活化5~10s，活化后即可水洗装料。
进一步，所述步骤（5）中，所述钝化采用本色钝化，钝化液采用中镀科技生产的金属表面处理剂 ZD-ULTRP 钝化剂，钝化后锌镍镀层不改变金属色泽。
钝化可采用漂钝，将产品放入钝化网篮中，放入自动钝化设备的横杆中固定，设备带动网篮开始上下移动。
钝化液中钝化剂的质量百分浓度为10%，pH值3.8-4.5，钝化时间20~40s（优选30s）。
所述步骤（5）中，所述稀盐酸溶液优选0.5~0.8wt%稀盐酸。
本发明中，水洗优选采用流动水洗。
所述步骤（5）中，热水浸泡优选在55±5℃热水中浸泡2-3min。
烘干优选在70℃烘干。
制得的表面镀有锌镍合金镀层的烧结钕铁硼材料产品外观具有金属光泽，无凸起凹坑，镀槽均匀细致。
所制得的表面镀有锌镍合金镀层的烧结钕铁硼材料上，所述锌镍合金镀层包括四层镀层，从内到外表面分别为：第一层为纯锌镀层，与基体结合；第二层为1%-6%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第三层为6%-12%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第四层即最外层为13%-16%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层。
进一步，优选第一层镀层的厚度为1-2μm；第二层镀层的厚度为1.5-2.5μm；第三层镀层的厚度为1.5-2.5μm；第四层镀层的厚度为2-3μm。
三层锌镍镀层中的不同的镍含量通过调整镀液成份、pH、温度、电流密度实现。
本发明通过多层电镀，在烧结钕铁硼材料镀上四层镀层，以纯锌镀层为底层，三层锌镍合金镀层自内到外镍含量逐渐升高，至最外层，镍含量达到13%-16%，具有最佳的耐蚀性。
本发明通过镀底锌的方式解决了钕铁硼基体被氯离子腐蚀导致的结合力不良，同时，采用多层电镀锌镍避免了底锌镀层和锌镍镀层电位相差大的问题，各镀层间较低的电位差能在腐蚀发生时降低原电池腐蚀速率，从而使制得的烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层，在不封闭情况下能通过240小时盐雾白锈和力值大于5MPa的结合力测试，结合力和耐腐蚀性都显著提高，相较于钕铁硼基体上直接电镀锌镍提高了300%以上。
 有益效果
本发明的工艺解决了钕铁硼基体在电镀过程中被氯离子腐蚀和电镀后镀层间存在电位差的隐患，提高了烧结钕铁硼基材电镀锌镍合金镀层结合力和耐腐蚀性。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行进一步详细叙述，但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
盐雾测试按照中性盐雾试验（符合ISO 9227类型的NSS要求）。
结合力测试标准：基于ASTM D4541-使用便携式粘合力测试仪的涂层剥离强度测试方法的内部程序，测试方法E
参数：
步骤1 –按照胶水的技术数据表，使用酒精或替代品和软布清洁磁铁和测试工件的表面（推荐品牌DeFelsko PosiTest AT）；
步骤2 –按照技术数据表（TDS），以1：1的体积比混合Araldite 2011胶水；
步骤3 –将混合的胶水涂在测试工件上； 
步骤4 –将测试工件贴到磁铁表面上；
步骤5 –根据TDS保持24小时；
步骤6 –移除测试工件周围多余的胶水；
步骤7  –分离磁铁和测试工件，记下强度（Mpa）。
实施例1：
镀底锌的电镀工艺为：pH值4.7，电流50A，时间30min，电流密度0.247A/dm 2，装载量25kg，产品规格D37.7*4。
酸性镀锌溶液的配方为：
主盐：ZnSO 4 317g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 37g/L，光亮剂“硫锌-30”：4ml/L（光亮剂采购自“武汉海德化工发展有限公司”），pH值4.7；电镀的工艺参数为：电流50A，时间30min，阴极电流密度0.247A/dm 2；镀完底锌后经水洗、在稀盐酸溶液（0.5wt%）中活化，最后水洗；得到镀底锌的烧结钕铁硼材料。
生产例1中，
锌镍1#的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 65g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 85g/L，NaCl 196g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 34g/L，络合剂EMV：50ml/L，光亮剂BRIGHTENER：0.1ml/L，辅助光亮剂AOF：20ml/L，走位剂CB：25ml/L，辅助盐EA：70ml/L，稳定剂L：3ml/L（EMV、BRIGHTENER、AOF、CB、EA、L直接从厂家“中镀科技”采购，为金属表面处理剂AZN-680（KCL）的整体配方），pH值5.2；电镀的工艺参数为：电流55A，时间30min，镀液温度20℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.272A/dm2，装载量25kg，产品规格D37.7*4。
锌镍2#的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 70g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 109g/L，NaCl 189g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 33g/L，络合剂EMV：50ml/L，光亮剂BRIGHTENER：0.1ml/L，辅助光亮剂AOF：20ml/L，走位剂CB：25ml/L，辅助盐EA：70ml/L，稳定剂L：3ml/L（EMV、BRIGHTENER、AOF、CB、EA、L直接从厂家“中镀科技”采购，为金属表面处理剂AZN-680（KCL）的整体配方），pH值4.8；电镀的工艺参数为：电流45A，时间40min，镀液温度25℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.223A/dm2，装载量25kg，产品规格D37.7*4。
锌镍3#的配方为：
主盐：ZnCl 2 62g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 105 g/L，NaCl 185g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 39g/L，络合剂EMV：50ml/L，光亮剂BRIGHTENER：0.1ml/L，辅助光亮剂AOF：20ml/L，走位剂CB：25ml/L，辅助盐EA：70ml/L，稳定剂L：3ml/L（EMV、BRIGHTENER、AOF、CB、EA、L直接从厂家“中镀科技”采购，为金属表面处理剂AZN-680（KCL）的整体配方）pH值4.6，电镀的工艺参数为：电流40A，时间50min，镀液温度30℃（恒温），阴极电流密度0.198A/dm2，装载量25kg，产品规格D37.7*4。
具体工艺和产品测试结果见下表1：
（注：使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）配备的能谱仪（EDS）测定镀层的镍含量）。
实施例2：
其他工艺同实施例1，锌镍镀液的pH值有所调整，详见表2，并且对比例2不镀锌镍2#。
（注：使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）配备的能谱仪（EDS）测定镀层的镍含量）。
实施例3：
其他工艺同实施例2，所不同的是对比例3不镀锌镍3#。
表3
（注：使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）配备的能谱仪（EDS）测定镀层的镍含量）。

Claims (9)

  1. 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层的电镀工艺，其特征在于所述工艺
    （1）电镀底锌：将经过镀前预处理的烧结钕铁硼材料基体在酸性镀锌溶液中进行电镀，所述酸性镀锌溶液的配方为：
    主盐：ZnSO 4 320±20g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 35±5g/L，光亮剂3-5ml/L，pH值4.7±0.2；电镀的工艺参数为：电流50±5A，时间30±5min，阴极电流密度0.222-0.272A/dm 2；镀完底锌后经水洗、在稀盐酸溶液中活化，最后水洗；得到镀底锌的烧结钕铁硼材料；
    （2）第一次电镀锌镍：
    将镀底锌的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液1中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液1的配方为：
    主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 80±10g/L，NaCl 188±20g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 330±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值5.1±0.2；电镀的工艺参数为：电流55±5A，时间30±5min，镀液温度20±2℃，阴极电流密度0.15-0.35A/dm 2；得到第一次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料；
    （3）第二次电镀锌镍：
    将第一次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液2中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液2的配方为：
    主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 100±10g/L，NaCl 178±20g/L；缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 30±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值4.9±0.2；电镀的工艺参数为：电流45±5A，时间40±5min，镀液温度25±2℃，阴极电流密度0.15-0.35A/dm 2；得到第二次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料；
    （4）第三次电镀锌镍：
    将第二次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料在酸性锌镍溶液3中进行电镀，所述酸性锌镍溶液3的配方为：
    主盐：ZnCl 2 72±10g/L，NiCl 2·6H 2O 100±10g/L，NaCl 178±20g/L，缓冲剂：H 3BO 3 35±5g/L，电镀添加剂120-230ml/L，pH值4.7±0.2，电镀的工艺参数为：电流40±5A，时间50±5min，镀液温度30±2℃，阴极电流密度0.15-0.35A/dm 2；
    （5）镀后处理：
    第三次镀锌镍的烧结钕铁硼材料卸料后，水洗，在稀盐酸溶液中出光10~20s，再水洗，用钝化剂进行钝化处理，最后水洗、热水浸泡后烘干，制得表面镀有锌镍合金镀层的烧结钕铁硼材料。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于所述步骤（1）中，所述光亮添加剂为硫酸盐镀锌光亮剂。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于所述步骤（2）、（3）和步骤（4）中，所述电镀添加剂为酸性锌镍合金添加剂，为络合剂、光亮剂、辅助光亮剂、走位剂、辅助盐和稳定剂的组合。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的工艺，其特征在于所述电镀添加剂为中镀科技的金属表面处理剂AZN-680或安美特的酸性锌镍合金220添加剂。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的工艺，其特征在于所述电镀添加剂为为中镀科技的金属表面处理剂AZN-680，电镀添加剂中各成分在镀液中的终浓度含量为：络合剂：30-70ml/L，光亮剂：0.1-0.8ml/L，辅助光亮剂：15-30ml/L，走位剂：20-30ml/L，辅助盐：60-90ml/L，稳定剂：1-6ml/L。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于所述步骤（1）中，所述镀前预处理是将烧结钕铁硼材料经过倒角、酸洗、超声波洗涤、活化，得到经过镀前预处理的烧结钕铁硼材料基体。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于所述步骤（5）中，所述钝化采用本色钝化，钝化液采用中镀科技生产的金属表面处理剂 ZD-ULTRP 钝化剂，钝化液中钝化剂的质量百分浓度为10%，pH值3.8-4.5，钝化时间20~40s。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于所述稀盐酸溶液为0.5~0.8wt%稀盐酸。
  9. 如权利要求1~8之一所述的工艺制备得到的表面镀有锌镍合金镀层的烧结钕铁硼材料，其特征在于所述的锌镍合金镀层包括四层镀层，从内到外表面分别为：第一层为纯锌镀层，与基体结合；第二层为1%-6%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第三层为6%-12%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层；第四层即最外层为13%-16%镍含量的锌镍合金镀层。
PCT/CN2023/096214 2022-08-23 2023-05-25 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺 WO2024041062A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211015569.6A CN115505982A (zh) 2022-08-23 2022-08-23 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺
CN202211015569.6 2022-08-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024041062A1 true WO2024041062A1 (zh) 2024-02-29

Family

ID=84501542

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2023/096214 WO2024041062A1 (zh) 2022-08-23 2023-05-25 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115505982A (zh)
WO (1) WO2024041062A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115505982A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-12-23 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1900361A (zh) * 2006-07-14 2007-01-24 西南大学 钕铁硼永磁材料表面梯度功能涂层制备方法
CN1955342A (zh) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-02 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 一种钕铁硼磁体表面电镀双层锌镍合金镀层的方法
CN103806039A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-21 无锡三洲冷轧硅钢有限公司 一种钢铁零部件表面镍含量渐变的锌镍合金镀层的直流电镀制备方法
KR20160078289A (ko) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-04 (주) 지오화인켐 금속 표면의 복층 도금 방법
KR20180057583A (ko) * 2018-05-09 2018-05-30 (주) 지오화인켐 고내식성 고속도 산성아연-니켈 합금도금 조성물 및 공정기술
CN108251872A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-07-06 宁波韵升股份有限公司 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体复合电镀方法
CN109056017A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-21 天津京磁电子元件制造有限公司 钕铁硼磁体复合电镀锌-锌镍合金的工艺方法
CN109256256A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-22 烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司 一种表面电镀锌镍合金的钕铁硼磁体及其制备工艺
CN110904480A (zh) * 2019-12-07 2020-03-24 爱科科技有限公司 一种提高钕铁硼稀土永磁材料耐蚀性的表面处理方法
CN114318447A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-12 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 一种防腐纳米功能梯度镀层及其制备工艺
CN115505982A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-12-23 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1955342A (zh) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-02 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 一种钕铁硼磁体表面电镀双层锌镍合金镀层的方法
CN1900361A (zh) * 2006-07-14 2007-01-24 西南大学 钕铁硼永磁材料表面梯度功能涂层制备方法
CN103806039A (zh) * 2012-11-12 2014-05-21 无锡三洲冷轧硅钢有限公司 一种钢铁零部件表面镍含量渐变的锌镍合金镀层的直流电镀制备方法
KR20160078289A (ko) * 2014-12-24 2016-07-04 (주) 지오화인켐 금속 표면의 복층 도금 방법
CN108251872A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-07-06 宁波韵升股份有限公司 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体复合电镀方法
KR20180057583A (ko) * 2018-05-09 2018-05-30 (주) 지오화인켐 고내식성 고속도 산성아연-니켈 합금도금 조성물 및 공정기술
CN109056017A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-21 天津京磁电子元件制造有限公司 钕铁硼磁体复合电镀锌-锌镍合金的工艺方法
CN109256256A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-01-22 烟台首钢磁性材料股份有限公司 一种表面电镀锌镍合金的钕铁硼磁体及其制备工艺
CN110904480A (zh) * 2019-12-07 2020-03-24 爱科科技有限公司 一种提高钕铁硼稀土永磁材料耐蚀性的表面处理方法
CN114318447A (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-12 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 一种防腐纳米功能梯度镀层及其制备工艺
CN115505982A (zh) * 2022-08-23 2022-12-23 浙江英洛华磁业有限公司 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115505982A (zh) 2022-12-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3486925B1 (en) Ndfeb magnet with composite coating and preparation process thereof
CN101728042B (zh) 一种永磁材料的表面处理技术
CN108251872B (zh) 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体复合电镀方法
CN104213162B (zh) 一种汽车用永磁材料电镀锌合金的表面处理方法
TW201325905A (zh) 鋁或鋁合金表面處理方法及製品
Fashu et al. Recent work on electrochemical deposition of Zn-Ni (-X) alloys for corrosion protection of steel
CN101724845A (zh) 一种烧结钕铁硼电镀锌镍合金的方法
WO2024041062A1 (zh) 烧结钕铁硼材料表面的锌镍合金镀层及其电镀工艺
CN109256256B (zh) 一种表面电镀锌镍合金的钕铁硼磁体及其制备工艺
CN107587123A (zh) 一种手机外壳表面处理工艺
CN111334828A (zh) 钕铁硼永磁材料表面处理方法及产品
CN107245732A (zh) 一种在304或316l不锈钢表面电镀高强度耐腐蚀镉锡钛合金的方法
CN104562112A (zh) 一种铅黄铜镀银工艺
CN112663100A (zh) 一种在碳钢表面制备镍铜合金镀层的方法
KR100693902B1 (ko) Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ계 영구자석의 2중 니켈 도금방법
CN109137016A (zh) 一种碱性石墨烯锌铁合金电镀液、制备方法及电镀工艺
CN111074250B (zh) 一种铝合金表面高耐蚀稳定的化学镀镍液及制备方法和应用
KR101183947B1 (ko) 금속표면처리방법
CN115433981A (zh) 一种高碳钢卡簧电镀高耐蚀光亮黑镍的工艺
CN109518239A (zh) 一种烧结钕铁硼材料的电镀方法
CN105734630A (zh) 在低碳钢表面制备高耐腐蚀性的铜锌铜复合镀层的方法
CN101892471B (zh) 一种Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金化学镀镍工艺
KR20130044661A (ko) 무전해 니켈-인 도금액 및 이를 이용한 도금방법
CN115142101B (zh) 一种钕铁硼永磁体表面防护工艺
KR100393680B1 (ko) 다층 도금 네오디뮴-철-보론계 자석 및 그 제조방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23856154

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1