WO2024028680A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024028680A1 WO2024028680A1 PCT/IB2023/057377 IB2023057377W WO2024028680A1 WO 2024028680 A1 WO2024028680 A1 WO 2024028680A1 IB 2023057377 W IB2023057377 W IB 2023057377W WO 2024028680 A1 WO2024028680 A1 WO 2024028680A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
- G11C11/4096—Input/output [I/O] data management or control circuits, e.g. reading or writing circuits, I/O drivers or bit-line switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
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- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/04—Addressing variable-length words or parts of words
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/06—Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/14—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer
- G06F13/16—Handling requests for interconnection or transfer for access to memory bus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/403—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells with charge regeneration common to a multiplicity of memory cells, i.e. external refresh
- G11C11/405—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells with charge regeneration common to a multiplicity of memory cells, i.e. external refresh with three charge-transfer gates, e.g. MOS transistors, per cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
- G11C11/4091—Sense or sense/refresh amplifiers, or associated sense circuitry, e.g. for coupled bit-line precharging, equalising or isolating
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- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
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- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
- G11C11/4097—Bit-line organisation, e.g. bit-line layout, folded bit lines
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- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
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- G11C5/04—Supports for storage elements, e.g. memory modules; Mounting or fixing of storage elements on such supports
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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- G11C5/00—Details of stores covered by group G11C11/00
- G11C5/06—Arrangements for interconnecting storage elements electrically, e.g. by wiring
- G11C5/063—Voltage and signal distribution in integrated semi-conductor memory access lines, e.g. word-line, bit-line, cross-over resistance, propagation delay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/50—Peripheral circuit region structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B80/00—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one memory device covered by this subclass
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device and the like.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to products, methods, or manufacturing methods.
- one aspect of the present invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, more specifically, the technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, storage devices (memory devices), driving methods thereof, and An example of this is the manufacturing method.
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- a transistor whose semiconductor layer includes a metal oxide semiconductor preferably an oxide semiconductor containing In, Ga, and Zn
- a transistor including a metal oxide semiconductor in its semiconductor layer has extremely low off-state current.
- a transistor containing a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer is sometimes referred to as an oxide semiconductor transistor, a metal oxide transistor, an OS transistor, or the like.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a semiconductor device can be miniaturized by stacking peripheral circuits and cell arrays.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes an arithmetic device, a bus wiring, and a memory device
- the memory device includes a first element layer having a plurality of readout circuits, a second element layer having a plurality of cell arrays, each readout circuit has a sense amplifier, each cell array has a memory cell, the second element layer is provided overlappingly on the first element layer, the memory cell and the sense amplifier, are electrically connected via bit lines, the storage device is electrically connected to the arithmetic unit via bus wiring, and data held in one of the multiple cell arrays is transferred to one of the multiple readout circuits.
- This is a semiconductor device that is output to the bus wiring via the bus wiring.
- the semiconductor device output data to the bus wiring with a bit width that is a multiple of 8 bits.
- the semiconductor device is preferably such that the first element layer has an input/output circuit, and the input/output circuit has a plurality of interface circuits.
- each readout circuit is preferably a semiconductor device having a precharge circuit.
- the first element layer includes a first transistor in which a first semiconductor layer including a channel formation region includes silicon
- the second element layer includes a first transistor in which a first semiconductor layer including a channel formation region is oxidized.
- a semiconductor device including a second transistor including a physical semiconductor is preferred.
- the oxide semiconductor is preferably a semiconductor device containing In, Ga, and Zn.
- a memory cell includes a capacitor and a second transistor, and the capacitor includes a first conductor, a second conductor, a first insulator, and a second insulator.
- the second transistor includes a second conductor, a third conductor, a fourth conductor, a third insulator, a fourth insulator, and a second semiconductor layer,
- the insulator has a first opening, the first conductor is located on the side surface and bottom surface of the first opening, and the top surface of the first insulator, and the second insulator is located on the top surface of the first insulator.
- the second conductor is located in a region of the top surface and side surfaces of the second insulator that overlaps with the first conductor
- the third insulator is the third conductor is located on the top surface of the second conductor
- the third conductor is located on the top surface of the third insulator
- the third insulator and the third conductor have a second opening
- the second semiconductor layer includes: The fourth insulator is located on the side surface of the second opening, the top surface of the second conductor, and the top surface and side surface of the third conductor, and the fourth insulator is located on the top surface and side surface of the second semiconductor layer, and Preferably, the fourth conductor is located in a region of the upper surface and side surfaces of the fourth insulator that overlaps with the second semiconductor layer.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel semiconductor device and the like.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a semiconductor device that has reduced power consumption, improved operating speed, miniaturization, or improved storage capacity.
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 1B is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 2B is a timing chart illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 3A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 3B is a timing chart illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 4B is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 5B and 5C are circuit diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 10A to 10E are circuit diagrams illustrating configuration examples of semiconductor devices.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 14A to 14C are cross-sectional views illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a storage device.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a storage device.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of a storage device.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a storage device.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a storage device.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the storage device.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 21A to 21C are plan views illustrating configuration examples of transistors included in a semiconductor device
- FIG. 21D is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a transistor included in a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 22A is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of a transistor included in a semiconductor device
- FIG. 22B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a transistor included in the semiconductor device.
- 23A and 23B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic component.
- 24A and 24B are diagrams showing an example of an electronic device
- FIGS. 24C to 24E are diagrams showing an example of a large-sized computer.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of space equipment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of a storage system applicable to a data center.
- off-state current refers to a drain current when a transistor is in an off state (also referred to as a non-conducting state or a cutoff state).
- an off state is a state in which the voltage between the gate and source, V gs , is lower than the threshold voltage V th for n-channel transistors (higher than V th for p-channel transistors). means.
- metal oxide refers to a metal oxide in a broad sense. Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS), and the like. For example, when a metal oxide is used in the active layer of a transistor, the metal oxide is sometimes called an oxide semiconductor. That is, when describing an OS transistor, it can be referred to as a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- a semiconductor device described as one embodiment of the present invention has a function as a system on chip (SoC) in which an arithmetic unit, a storage device, and the like input and output data via bus wiring.
- SoC system on chip
- FIG. 1A is a block diagram schematically representing a semiconductor device 100 for explaining one embodiment of the present invention.
- the semiconductor device 100 includes a memory device 10, a bus wiring 200, and an arithmetic device 300.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram for explaining the configuration of the storage device 10.
- the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction may be defined.
- an X direction, a Y direction, and a Z direction are defined in order to explain the arrangement of each element constituting the storage device 10.
- Each of the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction is perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to each other.
- the elements are shown separated from each other. It is preferable that the elements provided in the same layer be formed in the same process, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, a structure may be adopted in which parts formed in separate processes are integrated using a bonding technique or the like.
- the memory device 10 has an element layer 20 and an element layer 30.
- an element layer 30 is provided in a stacked manner on the element layer 20.
- the element layer 20 and the element layer 30 are layers including elements such as transistors. By including elements such as transistors, the memory device 10 can provide circuits with different functions in each element layer.
- the element layer 20 includes a transistor (Si transistor) having silicon in a semiconductor layer having a channel formation region.
- the element layer 20 is an element layer provided on a substrate containing silicon.
- the element layer 20 may be referred to as a base die or a die.
- the Si transistor it is particularly preferable to use highly crystalline silicon such as single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon because high field effect mobility can be achieved and higher speed operation is possible.
- the element layer 30 includes a transistor (OS transistor) including an oxide semiconductor in a semiconductor layer having a channel formation region.
- the element layer 30 having an OS transistor can be provided in a stacked manner on the element layer 20 having a Si transistor. Further, the element layer 30 may be referred to as a die.
- the element layer 30 is illustrated as being stacked and provided on the element layer 20. By providing the element layer 30 on the element layer 20, the transistor density per unit area can be increased.
- metal oxides applied to OS transistors include indium oxide, gallium oxide, and zinc oxide. Moreover, it is preferable that the metal oxide has two or three selected from indium, element M, and zinc.
- Element M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium.
- the element M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) also referred to as IGZO
- the metal oxide applied to the OS transistor may have two or more metal oxide layers having different compositions.
- a first metal oxide layer having a composition of In:M:Zn 1:3:4 [atomic ratio] or a composition close to that, and In:M:Zn provided on the first metal oxide layer.
- a laminated structure with a second metal oxide layer having an atomic ratio of 1:1:1 or a composition close to this can be suitably used.
- a laminated structure of one selected from indium oxide, indium gallium oxide, and IGZO and one selected from IAZO, IAGZO, and ITZO may be used.
- the metal oxide used in the OS transistor preferably has crystallinity.
- the oxide semiconductor having crystallinity include CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline)-OS, nc (nanocrystalline)-OS, and the like. When an oxide semiconductor with crystallinity is used, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- the element layer 20 and the element layer 30, or the circuit provided in the element layer 20 and the element layer 30, is referred to as a memory block array 60.
- Storage block array 60 has a plurality of storage blocks 61.
- the memory block 61 includes a cell array 31 having a plurality of memory cells 32 and a read circuit 23 for reading data held in the memory cells 32.
- the memory block 61 is composed of a set of cell arrays 31 and readout circuits 23.
- the memory block 61 has a structure in which the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 are provided so as to overlap. Note that when the cell array 31 is referred to as a local cell array, the entire cell array composed of a plurality of cell arrays 31 may be referred to as a memory cell array.
- the memory cell 32 is preferably a DOSRAM, which is a memory circuit (sometimes referred to as "OS memory") having an OS transistor, for example.
- DOSRAM registered trademark
- DOSRAM refers to a RAM having 1T (transistor) and 1C (capacitance) type memory cells.
- DOSRAM is a DRAM formed using OS transistors, and DOSRAM is a memory that temporarily stores information sent from the outside.
- DOSRAM is a memory that takes advantage of the low off-state current of an OS transistor.
- DOSRAM is capable of retaining charge corresponding to the data held in a capacitor (sometimes called "cell capacitance") for a long period of time by turning off (non-conducting) the access transistor. be. Therefore, DOSRAM can reduce the frequency of refresh operations compared to DRAM configured with Si transistors. As a result, it is possible to reduce power consumption. Furthermore, DOSRAM can be used as a memory cell that stores 1-bit data in a smaller occupied area than SRAM made up of Si transistors.
- the memory cell 32 having an OS transistor can have a configuration in which the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 are provided in an overlapping manner, the distance between the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 can be shortened. Therefore, power consumption required for charging and discharging between wirings can be suppressed.
- the number of memory cells 32 electrically connected to the bit lines can be reduced. Therefore, in addition to shortening the distance between the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23, the number of memory cells 32 can be reduced, and the capacitance associated with the bit line (also called bit line capacitance or load capacitance) can be reduced. can. By reducing the bit line capacitance, the capacitance of the memory cell 32 can be designed to be small.
- a DOSRAM will be described as an example of a structure applicable to the memory cell 32, but other structures may be used as long as a cell array that can be stacked on the element layer 20 can be formed.
- it may be a NOSRAM which is a memory circuit having an OS transistor.
- NOSRAM registered trademark
- RAM Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory
- the memory cell is a two-transistor type (2T) or a three-transistor type (3T) gain cell.
- all transistors included in the memory cell 32 are preferably OS transistors.
- the current flowing between the source and drain of the OS transistor in the off state, that is, the off current is extremely small.
- NOSRAM can be used as a non-volatile memory by retaining charges corresponding to data in the memory cell 32 using its characteristic of extremely low off-state current.
- NOSRAM is suitable for arithmetic processing in which only data read operations are repeated in large quantities because it is possible to read data without destroying the data it holds (non-destructive read).
- the readout circuit 23 has a precharge circuit 21 and a sense amplifier 22.
- the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 are electrically connected by a bit line pair consisting of a bit line BL and an inverted bit line BLB.
- the bit line BL and the inverted bit line BLB may be simply referred to as wiring.
- the bit line pair refers to a combination of a bit line and an inverted bit line that are simultaneously compared by the sense amplifier 22, and may be expressed as a bit line pair (BL, BLB).
- the sense amplifier 22 may also be referred to as a local sense amplifier. In this case, the entire structure made up of the plurality of sense amplifiers 22 may be referred to as a sense amplifier array.
- the read circuit 23 is electrically connected to one bit line pair.
- the read circuit 23 has a function of precharging the bit line pair and also has an equalizer function.
- the sense amplifier 22 is electrically connected to one bit line pair.
- the sense amplifier 22 has a function of amplifying the potential difference between the bit line pair (BL, BLB).
- a bit line pair (BL, BLB) for connecting the sense amplifier 22 and the memory cell 32 included in the memory block 61 is routed to both the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23.
- a bit line pair is not routed between adjacent cell arrays, but the electrical connection is made via a via made of a conductor provided between the sense amplifier 22 and the memory cell 32. be able to. That is, the bit line in the read circuit 23 and the bit line pair (BL, BLB) in the cell array 31 are electrically connected.
- the storage device 10 also includes a control circuit 40 and an input/output circuit 50.
- the memory device 10 includes a drive circuit such as a decoder for driving the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23.
- the input/output circuit 50 has a function of exchanging signals with external equipment such as the bus wiring 200.
- the input/output circuit 50 has a plurality of interface circuits. Interface circuits include I2C, LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling), MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface), and SPI (Serial Peripheral). al Interface).
- the input/output circuit 50 has a function of exchanging signals between an external device such as a bus wiring 200 and the storage device 10 via an interface circuit.
- the control circuit 40 has a function of determining the operating mode of the storage device 10 by processing setting parameters and external command signals.
- the control circuit 40 has a function of generating various control signals to control the overall operation of the storage device 10. Note that the control circuit 40 and the input/output circuit 50 included in the storage device 10 can be formed using transistors and wiring included in the element layer 20 or 30.
- the computing device 300 has a computing section 310 and an input/output circuit 309.
- the arithmetic device 300 like a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), has a function of performing general-purpose processing such as execution of an operating system, data control, various calculations, and program execution.
- the input/output circuit 309 has an interface circuit like the input/output circuit 50, and has a function of exchanging signals with an external device such as the bus wiring 200 via the interface circuit.
- the calculation unit 310 has a function of performing calculations based on input data.
- the calculation unit 310 may be referred to as a CPU core.
- Each of the plurality of memory blocks 61 included in the memory device 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B has a cell array 31 and a readout circuit 23. Therefore, by operating the plurality of memory blocks 61 simultaneously, data held in the memory cells 32 of the plurality of cell arrays 31 can be read out from the corresponding readout circuits 23. That is, in the memory device 10, data held in each memory cell 32 can be read out to the bus wiring 200 according to the number of parallel memory blocks 61. For example, when reading 8-bit data from the cell array 31 included in one memory block 61, a configuration can be adopted in which data with a bit width of 64 bits is read by reading data from eight memory blocks in parallel.
- the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 2A shows how 8-bit data is output to the bus wiring 200 having a bit width of 64 bits in the memory blocks 61 (61_1 to 61_8) included in the storage device 10.
- the 8-bit data is read out from multiple storage blocks 61 in parallel.
- the bus wiring 200 having the data with a bit width of 64 bits is It can be output. Therefore, even if the data read speed from the memory cell 32 is slower than the data read operation of the interface via the input/output circuit 50, the bits of data read by increasing the number of parallel memory blocks 61 It is possible to configure the width to be increased.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B Further, a configuration different from that shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B will be explained using the schematic diagrams shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 3A illustrates how 64-bit data is output to the bus wiring 200 having a bit width of 64 bits in the memory blocks 61 (61_1 to 61_8) included in the storage device 10.
- the bit width of the data output by the plurality of storage blocks 61 is variable according to the bit width of the bus wiring 200.
- one memory block 61 is configured to output data with a bit width that is a multiple of 8 bits (a multiple of 1 byte), and the bit width of the output data is variable depending on the number of parallel memory blocks 61.
- the data read from the storage device 10 is an arithmetic unit that is a multiple of 8 bits, such as 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits, 64 bits, 128 bits, 256 bits, 512 bits, 1024 bits, or 2048 bits. It becomes possible to output data with a bit width that corresponds to the standard that can be processed by 300. That is, it can be applied to general-purpose DRAM such as 64-bit or 128-bit, or high-bandwidth memory (HBM).
- HBM high-bandwidth memory
- the bus width of the bus wiring 200 that electrically connects the storage device 10 and the arithmetic device 300 is determined by standards, etc., and data is input and output at high speed via an interface circuit or the like.
- the bit width of data read from the plurality of storage blocks 61 is preferably set according to the bit width of the bus wiring 200.
- data can be output faster between the memory device 10 and the arithmetic device 300 via the bus wiring 200. It is preferable to have a configuration that allows this. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4A, a configuration in which the number of input/output circuits 50 included in the storage device 10 is increased, and a configuration in which the number of input/output circuits 309 and calculation units 310 included in the arithmetic device 300 are increased are preferable.
- a plurality of interface circuits for inputting and outputting data can be arranged, and the amount of data transmitted can be increased. Furthermore, by increasing the number of calculation units 310, calculation processing when the amount of data increases can be performed at higher speed. As a result, data can be input and output between the storage device 10 and the arithmetic device 300 at high speed.
- the memory block 61 outputs data according to the bit width of the bus wiring 200
- the element layers 30 are element layers 30_1 to 30_n (n is an integer of 2 or more), and a cell array 31 composed of OS transistors is stacked. It is preferable to provide a configuration in which the In this case, the memory block array 60 having the memory blocks 61 is composed of the element layer 20 and the element layers 30_1 to 30_n.
- the cell array 31 can be provided in a laminated manner.
- the element layer 30 can be manufactured using the same manufacturing process repeatedly in the vertical direction. The memory device 10 can reduce the manufacturing cost of the element layer 30.
- the first element layer 30 is shown as an element layer 30_1, the second element layer 30 is shown as an element layer 30_2, and the third element layer 30 is shown as an element layer 30_3.
- the n-th element layer 30 is referred to as an element layer 30_n. Note that in this embodiment, etc., when describing matters related to the entire n-layer element layer 30, or when indicating matters common to each layer of the n-layer element layer 30, the term "element layer 30" is simply used. There are cases where
- an element layer having an amplifier circuit having a function of amplifying and outputting the potential difference of data held in the memory cell 32 is provided.
- a configuration having the following is preferable.
- FIG. 5A shows, as an example, an element layer 80 having an amplifier circuit 81 provided between the element layer 20 and the element layers 30_1 to 30_5 provided in a stacked manner.
- the element layer 80 includes an OS transistor.
- the amplifier circuit 81 is a circuit composed of OS transistors.
- a word line WL provided extending in the X direction and a bit line BL provided extending in the Z direction are illustrated. Note that, in order to make the drawing easier to read, some descriptions of the wiring included in each of the element layers 30 are omitted.
- FIG. 5B shows a configuration example of the amplifier circuit 81 connected to the bit line BL (or inverted bit line BLB) illustrated in FIG. 5A and the memory cell 32 included in the element layers 30_1 to 30_5 connected to the bit line BL.
- a schematic diagram is shown. Further, in FIG. 5B, the bit line BL_G is illustrated as being provided between the amplifier circuit 81 and the readout circuit 23.
- FIG. 5B illustrates an example of the circuit configuration of the memory cell 32.
- the memory cell 32 is a DOSRAM configuration example including a transistor 33 and a capacitor 34.
- the transistor 33 is preferably an OS transistor with a back gate.
- the transistor characteristics can be controlled by supplying a constant voltage to the back gate of the transistor 33.
- the transistor 33 is an OS transistor provided in the element layer 30. Since the element layer 30 can be stacked on the element layer 20 having Si transistors, the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 can be stacked.
- the capacitive element 34 has a function of holding charge according to data.
- the memory cell 32 can be used as a ferroelectric memory.
- HfZrOx can be used as the ferroelectric material. Note that the notation "HfZrO x " does not represent the stoichiometry of hafnium atoms, zirconium atoms, and oxygen atoms.
- FIG. 5C shows a circuit diagram for explaining the amplifier circuit 81.
- amplifier circuit 81 includes transistors 82 to 85.
- the amplifier circuit 81 has a function of amplifying the potential of the bit line BL and transmitting the amplified potential to the bit line BL_G.
- the bit line BL_G is expressed as a bit line BL_G to distinguish it from other wirings that function as bit lines.
- signals WE, RE, and MUX are control signals for controlling the amplifier circuit 81.
- the wiring SL is a wiring that provides a constant potential.
- the configurations in FIGS. 5A to 5C include an element layer 80 having an amplifier circuit 81 that has a function of amplifying and outputting the potential of data held in the memory cell 32.
- an amplifier circuit 81 that has a function of amplifying and outputting the potential of data held in the memory cell 32.
- FIG. 6 is an example of a circuit diagram of a memory block 61 having a cell array 31 and a readout circuit 23.
- a configuration example of the memory cell 32 included in the cell array 31 and a configuration example of the precharge circuit 21 and sense amplifier 22 included in the readout circuit 23 will be described.
- the number of memory cells per bit line BL of the cell array 31 is 8, and a bit line pair (BL, BLB) is provided for a global bit line pair (GBL, GBLB). .
- the global bit line pair corresponds to a wiring pair to which data read by the sense amplifier 22 is output.
- the memory cell 32 shows an example of the configuration of the DOSRAM shown in FIG. 5B.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an example in which the memory cell 32 is electrically connected to word lines WL ⁇ 0> to WL ⁇ 7> and bit line BL ⁇ 0> (or inverted bit line BLB ⁇ 0>).
- codes such as ⁇ 1> are used to distinguish between multiple elements, but may be omitted in the explanation.
- Signals EQ, EQB, SEN, SENB, CSEL, and voltage Vpre are input to the readout circuit 23.
- Signals EQB and SENB are inverted signals of signals EQ and SEN, respectively.
- the transistor included in the readout circuit 23 is a Si transistor. Therefore, it can be configured with an n-channel transistor 25n and a p-channel transistor 25p.
- the readout circuit 23 includes a precharge circuit 21 (also referred to as an equalizer), a sense amplifier 22, and a selector 24.
- Signals EQ and EQB are signals for activating the precharge circuit 21, and signals SEN and SENB are signals for activating the sense amplifier 22.
- the signal CSEL is a signal for selecting whether to bring one of the plurality of bit line pairs and the global bit line pair (GBL, GBLB) into a conductive state.
- the readout circuit 23 shown in FIG. 6 has a 2-cell width (2TR) type sense amplifier 22.
- a two-cell width type sense amplifier is a sense amplifier in which the width (interval) between the bit line pair (BL, BLB) is approximately equivalent to two memory cells.
- the memory cell 32 is 1TR1C, it has a width of one transistor (1TR).
- the cell array 31 electrically connected to the readout circuit 23 may be the cell array 31 connected to the bit line pair (BL, BLB). can. In this case, the length of the bit line pair (BL, BLB) between the sense amplifier 22 and the memory cell 32 can be shortened.
- the bit line capacitance By shortening the length of the bit line pair (BL, BLB), the bit line capacitance can be reduced.
- the larger Cs/Cbit is, the larger the voltage difference between the bit line pair (BL, BLB) obtained when reading data from the memory cell 32 becomes. Therefore, the larger Cs/Cbit is, the faster or more stable the read operation can be realized.
- the capacitance Cs of the capacitive element 34 can be reduced by reducing the bit line capacitance Cbit. Therefore, when the memory cell 32 is a DOSRAM and the capacitance Cs of the capacitive element 34 is the same as the bit line capacitance Cbit, the memory cell 32 has superior read performance compared to a conventional DRAM using a Si transistor.
- the OS transistor When the memory cell 32 is a DOSRAM, the OS transistor has an extremely small off-state current, so even if the capacitance Cs is smaller than that of a DRAM, it has excellent retention characteristics compared to a conventional DRAM. Therefore, when the memory cell 32 is a DOSRAM, the capacitance value of the capacitive element of the memory cell can be made smaller than that of the capacitive element of a DRAM, which is preferable.
- bit line pair (BL, BLB) is shown to be routed between the readout circuit 23 and the cell array 31, but as shown in FIG. 7A, the readout circuit 23 and the cell array
- the routing portion of the bit line pair (BL, BLB) can be provided only in the region where the cell array 31 is provided.
- the word lines ⁇ 0> to WL ⁇ 7> and the bit line pair (BL, BLB) are shown to be orthogonal to each other in the plane where the memory cells 32 are provided, but they may be arranged to intersect obliquely. You may. In this case, the region where the memory cell 32 is provided may also be arranged obliquely to the bit line pair (BL, BLB).
- bit line pair (BL, BLB) is routed between the memory cell 32 and the sense amplifier 22 in the memory block 61 is shown as one location, but other configurations may be used.
- a bit line pair (BL, BLB) in the same layer as the memory cell 32 and a bit line pair (BL, BLB) in the same layer as the sense amplifier 22 are connected using multiple wiring lines. It may also be configured to be electrically connected.
- Adjacent cell arrays 31_A, 31_B and readout circuits 23_A, 23_B can be arranged as illustrated in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 8A illustrates a configuration in which each memory cell 32_A of the cell array 31_A is connected to word lines ⁇ 0> to WL ⁇ 7> and a bit line pair (BL_A, BLB_A).
- FIG. 8A illustrates a configuration in which each memory cell 32_B of the cell array 31_B is connected to word lines ⁇ 8> to WL ⁇ 15> and a bit line pair (BL_B, BLB_B).
- one memory cell 32 is connected to the same word line in order to make the bit line capacitance (load capacitance) loaded on each bit line pair (BL, BLB) the same level. It is preferable. Therefore, in a configuration in which word lines and bit line pairs are arranged orthogonally or obliquely, the memory cells 32 may be arranged in a zigzag pattern, and the memory cells 32 may not be arranged in adjacent regions. Therefore, even if a plurality of memory cells are simultaneously selected by a word line, it is more preferable to have a configuration in which the bit line capacitance (load capacitance) applied to each bit line pair (BL, BLB) is the same.
- FIG. 8B a configuration in which wiring layers 70_A and 70_B are provided as shown in FIG. 8B is preferable.
- memory cells 32 are arranged at positions where word lines and bit line pairs intersect orthogonally or obliquely.
- FIG. 8B illustrates bit line pairs (BL1_A, BL2_A) and bit lines (BL1_B, BL2_B) that are in the same layer as the memory cell 32 in adjacent memory blocks.
- the wiring layers 70_A and 70_B connect the bit line BL2_A and the inverted bit line BLB_B.
- the wiring layers 70_A and 70_B connect the bit line BL1_B and the bit line BL_A.
- the wiring layers 70_A and 70_B connect the bit line BL2_B and the bit line BL_B.
- the data of the memory cell 32_A of the cell array 31_A selected by any one of the word lines ⁇ 0> to WL ⁇ 7> can be distributed and output to the sense amplifier 22_A and the sense amplifier 22_B. I can do it.
- the data of the memory cell 32_B of the cell array 31_B selected by any one of the word lines ⁇ 8> to WL ⁇ 15> can be distributed and output to the sense amplifier 22_A and the sense amplifier 22_B.
- the load capacitances of the bit line pair (BL_A, BLB_A) and the bit line pair (BL_B, BLB_B) can be made comparable by the wiring layers 70_A and 70_B. Therefore, the load capacitance of the bit line pair (BL, BLB) can be brought close to the same value, and the density of memory cells per unit area can be increased.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a more detailed configuration example of the storage device 10.
- FIG. 9 shows, as an example, an I2C receiver 41, an LVDS circuit 43, and an LVDS circuit 44, which are interface circuits.
- the interface circuit is illustrated as having a configuration separate from the input/output circuit 50, it may be configured as a part of the input/output circuit 50.
- FIG. 9 shows the setting register 42 and the decoder 35 as an example. Furthermore, in the storage block array 60 shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of storage blocks 61 are illustrated. As described above, the memory block 61 includes the cell array 31 provided in the element layer 20 and the read circuit 23 provided in the element layer 30. Further, the control circuit 40 includes a register 45 and a register 46.
- the input/output circuit 50 has a function of exchanging signals with external equipment.
- the operating conditions of the storage device 10 and the like are determined by the setting parameters stored in the setting register 42.
- Setting parameters are written to the setting register 42 via the input/output circuit 50 and the I2C receiver 41. Note that the I2C receiver 41 may be omitted depending on the purpose or use.
- setting parameters include designation information such as the execution interval of refresh operations or the operation timing of circuit operations.
- the control circuit 40 has a function of determining the operating mode of the storage device 10 by processing setting parameters and external command signals.
- the control circuit 40 has a function of generating various control signals to control the overall operation of the storage device 10.
- a reset signal res, address signal ADDR, row address identification signal RAS (Row Address Strobe), column address identification signal CAS (Column Address Strobe), write data WDATA, etc. are input from the outside to the control circuit 40 via the input/output circuit 50. Supplied.
- the data write clock signal is supplied to the control circuit 40 via the LVDS circuit 43.
- read data RDATA is supplied from the control circuit 40 to the input/output circuit 50.
- the data read clock signal is supplied to the input/output circuit 50 via the LVDS circuit 44.
- the write data WDATA is transferred in synchronization with the data write clock signal and held in the register 46 in the control circuit 40.
- Control circuit 40 has a function of supplying data W held in register 46 to storage block array 60.
- control circuit 40 has a function of transferring the read data RDATA to the input/output circuit 50 in synchronization with the data read clock signal.
- the control circuit 40 also includes a column address signal C_ADDR, a column selection enable signal CSEL_EN, a data latch signal DLAT, a global write enable signal GW_EN, a global read enable signal GR_EN, a global sense amplifier enable signal GSA_EN, a global equalize enable signal GEQ_ENB, and a local sense signal. It has a function of outputting an amplifier enable signal LSA_EN, a local equalize enable signal LEQ_ENB, a word line address selection signal WL_ADDR, and the like.
- FIGS. 10A to 10E are circuit diagrams illustrating a configuration example of a memory cell having an OS transistor that can be applied to the memory cell 32 described above.
- An example of the structure of a memory cell having an OS transistor is DOSRAM or NOSRAM, as described above.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of a 1T1C (capacitance) type DOSRAM memory cell that can be applied to the memory cell 32.
- the memory cell 32 shown in FIG. 10A is electrically connected to a word line WL, a bit line BL, a capacitor line CDL, and a wiring BGL that functions as a wiring for supplying a back gate voltage.
- the memory cell 32 includes a transistor 33 and a capacitor 34.
- the back gate of the transistor 33 is electrically connected to the wiring BGL.
- the transistor 33 is an OS transistor. OS transistors have extremely low off-state current. Therefore, the memory cell 32 can reduce the frequency of data refresh. Therefore, the power required for data retention can be reduced.
- FIG. 10B shows an example of a two-transistor type (2T) gain cell NOSRAM memory cell that can be applied to the memory cell 32.
- the memory cell 32A shown in FIG. 10B includes transistors 33A, 33B, and a capacitor 34. Note that the capacitive element 34 included in the NOSRAM memory cell can be omitted by using parasitic capacitance such as the gate capacitance of a transistor.
- Transistor 33A is a write transistor
- transistor 33B is a read transistor.
- the back gates of the transistors 33A and 33B are electrically connected to the wiring BGL.
- the write transistor is composed of an OS transistor, it is possible to continue holding charge according to the data by turning off the write transistor. Therefore, the memory cell 32A does not consume power for data retention. Therefore, the memory cell 32A can function as a low power consumption memory cell capable of retaining data for a long period of time.
- the memory cell 32B shown in FIG. 10C is a 3T type gain cell and includes transistors 33A, 33B, 33C, and a capacitor 34.
- Transistors 33A, 33B, and 33C are a write transistor, a read transistor, and a selection transistor, respectively.
- the back gates of the transistors 33A, 33B, and 33C are electrically connected to the wiring BGL.
- the memory cell 32B is electrically connected to word lines RWL, WWL, bit lines RBL, WBL, capacitor line CDL, and power line PL2.
- the voltage GND low-level power supply voltage
- FIG. 10D shows another configuration example of a 2T type gain cell.
- the memory cell 32C shown in FIG. 10D differs from the memory cell 32A shown in FIG. 10B in that the read transistor is configured with an OS transistor without a back gate.
- FIG. 10E shows another configuration example of a 3T type gain cell.
- the memory cell 32D shown in FIG. 10E differs from the memory cell 32A shown in FIG. 10B in that the read transistor and the selection transistor are configured with OS transistors that do not have back gates.
- a bit line may be provided that also serves as the wiring RBL and the wiring WBL.
- the wiring (word lines WL, WWL in FIGS. 10A to 10E) connected to the gate of the transistor (transistor 33, 33A in FIGS. 10A to 10E) that is an access transistor is connected to the A voltage that turns off the transistor is applied, and other parts can be power gated.
- the supply of power supply voltage can be stopped while data is stored in the memory cell 32.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration in which the above-described storage device 10 is applied to an integrated circuit (referred to as an IC chip).
- the storage device 10 can be formed into one IC chip by mounting a plurality of element layers on a package substrate. An example of the configuration is shown in FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B.
- a schematic cross-sectional view of an IC chip 11A illustrated in FIG. 11A shows a storage device having an element layer 20 serving as a base die on a package substrate 101, and as an example, four element layers 30_1 to 30_4 are stacked on the element layer 20. 10 is illustrated.
- the package substrate 101 is provided with solder balls 102 for connecting the storage device 10 to a printed circuit board or the like.
- the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 are provided with through electrodes 54 that penetrate through the element layers.
- the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 are bonded to each other using electrodes 56 provided exposed on the surfaces.
- Cu-Cu bonding can be used as a technique for electrically bonding different layers using the electrode 56.
- Cu-Cu bonding is a technology that connects Cu (copper) pads to achieve electrical continuity.
- the element layers are bonded to each other using a technique using a through electrode such as TSV (Through Silicon Via), or a Cu-Cu direct bonding technique. electrically connected using With such a configuration, signals and the like supplied to each element layer can be distributed by wiring inside each element layer. Furthermore, by changing the storage device that can be used as the main memory to a memory using an OS transistor, it is possible to reduce power consumption by utilizing the extremely low off-current characteristic of the OS transistor.
- FIG. A stacked storage device 10 As another example, a schematic cross-sectional view of an IC chip 11B shown in FIG. A stacked storage device 10 is illustrated.
- the electrode 58 for electrically connecting the element layer 20 and the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 can be provided in the step of manufacturing the transistor 59 which is a Si transistor or the transistor 57 which is an OS transistor.
- the schematic cross-sectional view of the IC chip 11B shown in FIG. 11B shows that the connection between the element layer 20 having the transistor 59 and the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 having the transistor 57 is made using a technique using through electrodes such as TSV or Cu. -Cu It is possible to have a monolithic structure without using direct bonding technology.
- the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 on the element layer 20 can have a configuration in which wiring provided together with the transistors 57 included in the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 is used as an electrode 58 for connecting to an upper or lower element layer.
- the spacing between the wirings provided together with the transistor 57 can be microfabricated compared to the through electrodes used in TSV or Cu-Cu direct bonding technology. Therefore, in the configuration of the IC chip 11B shown in FIG. 11B, the number of electrodes for connection to the upper or lower element layer can be increased. Therefore, the number of wiring lines (the number of signal lines) of the cell array 31 having memory cells provided in the element layers 30_1 to 30_4 and the readout circuit 23 provided in the element layer 20 can be increased. Therefore, the amount of signal transfer (bandwidth) transmitted and received between the element layer 20 and the element layer 30 can be expanded. By expanding the bandwidth, the amount of data transferred between the cell array 31 and the readout circuit 23 per unit time can be increased.
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of an IC chip 11C that integrates the IC chip 11B shown in FIG. 11B and another functional circuit, such as an arithmetic device 300.
- the arithmetic device 300 and the storage device 10 can be manufactured in separate steps and then placed on the same package substrate 101.
- An interposer 103 is provided on the package substrate 101 and is provided with wiring for electrically connecting the storage device 10 included in the IC chip 11B and the arithmetic device 300.
- the wiring provided in the interposer 103 can function as the bus wiring 200.
- an element layer 20 and an element layer 30 that constitute the arithmetic device 300 are illustrated.
- the element layer 20 and the element layer 30 have a transistor 59 that is a Si transistor or a transistor 57 that is an OS transistor.
- the connection between the element layer 20 having the transistor 59 and the element layer 30 having the transistor 57 is through a TSV or the like. It can be an electrode-based technique or a Cu-Cu direct bonding technique, or a monolithic configuration as illustrated in FIG. 11B.
- the element layer 30 when the element layer 30 includes a circuit that holds data including an OS transistor, it may be used as a backup circuit that backs up data such as a register included in the element layer 20. can. In this case, by applying a voltage that turns off the OS transistor included in the element layer 30, it can function as a backup circuit. Therefore, each circuit included in the element layer 20 can be power-gated. With this configuration, the supply of power supply voltage can be stopped while data is held in the arithmetic device 300.
- Embodiment 2 In this embodiment mode, a structure of a transistor that can be applied to the semiconductor device described in the above embodiment mode will be described. As an example, a structure in which transistors having different electrical characteristics are stacked will be described. With this configuration, the degree of freedom in designing the semiconductor device can be increased. Further, by stacking and providing transistors having different electrical characteristics, the degree of integration of a semiconductor device can be increased.
- FIG. 13 A part of the cross-sectional structure of the semiconductor device is shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 13 includes a transistor 550, a transistor 500, and a capacitor 600.
- 14A is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel length direction
- FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel width direction
- FIG. 14C is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 550 in the channel width direction.
- the transistor 500 corresponds to the Si transistor described in the above embodiment mode
- the transistor 550 corresponds to an OS transistor.
- the transistor 500 is provided above the transistor 550, and the capacitor 600 is provided above the transistor 550 and the transistor 500.
- the transistor 550 is provided over the substrate 311 and includes a conductor 316, an insulator 315, a semiconductor region 313 made of a part of the substrate 311, a low resistance region 314a functioning as a source region or a drain region, and a low resistance region 314b. .
- the transistor 550 As shown in FIG. 14C, in the transistor 550, the upper surface of the semiconductor region 313 and the side surfaces in the channel width direction are covered with a conductor 316 with an insulator 315 interposed therebetween. In this way, by making the transistor 550 a Fin type transistor, the effective channel width increases, so that the on-characteristics of the transistor 550 can be improved. Further, since the contribution of the electric field of the gate electrode can be increased, the off-state characteristics of the transistor 550 can be improved.
- the transistor 550 may be either a p-channel type or an n-channel type.
- a semiconductor such as a silicon-based semiconductor be included in the region where a channel is formed in the semiconductor region 313, the region in the vicinity thereof, the low resistance region 314a serving as a source region or a drain region, and the low resistance region 314b.
- it contains crystalline silicon.
- it may be formed of a material containing Ge (germanium), SiGe (silicon germanium), GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaAlAs (gallium aluminum arsenide), or the like.
- a structure using silicon may be used in which the effective mass is controlled by applying stress to the crystal lattice and changing the lattice spacing.
- the transistor 550 may be a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) by using GaAs, GaAlAs, or the like.
- the low resistance region 314a and the low resistance region 314b are made of an element imparting n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus, or an element imparting p-type conductivity such as boron. Contains elements that
- the conductor 316 that functions as a gate electrode is made of a semiconductor material such as silicon, a metal material, or an alloy containing an element that imparts n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus, or an element that imparts p-type conductivity such as boron.
- conductive materials such as metal oxide materials or metal oxide materials.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be adjusted by selecting the material of the conductor. Specifically, it is preferable to use a material such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride for the conductor. Further, in order to achieve both electrical conductivity and embeddability, it is preferable to use a metal material such as tungsten or aluminum as a layered conductor, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten in terms of heat resistance.
- the transistor 550 may be formed using an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate or the like.
- SOI substrates are formed by implanting oxygen ions into a mirror-polished wafer and then heating it at a high temperature to form an oxide layer at a certain depth from the surface and eliminate defects that occur in the surface layer.
- a SIMOX (Separation by Implanted Oxygen) substrate, a smart cut method that cleaves a semiconductor substrate by utilizing the growth of microvoids formed by hydrogen ion implantation through heat treatment, and an ELTRAN method (registered trademark: Epitaxial Layer Transfer) are used.
- An SOI substrate formed using a method may also be used.
- a transistor formed using a single crystal substrate includes a single crystal semiconductor in a channel formation region.
- An insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are sequentially stacked to cover the transistor 550.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, etc. are used. Bye.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. shows.
- aluminum oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- aluminum nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. shows.
- the insulator 322 may have a function as a flattening film that flattens the step caused by the transistor 550 and the like provided below.
- the upper surface of the insulator 322 may be planarized by a planarization process using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to improve flatness.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the insulator 324 it is preferable to use a film having barrier properties that prevents hydrogen, impurities, and the like from diffusing from the substrate 311 or the transistor 550 into a region where the transistor 500 is provided.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used, for example.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method when hydrogen diffuses into a semiconductor element including an oxide semiconductor such as the transistor 500, the characteristics of the semiconductor element may deteriorate. Therefore, a film that suppresses hydrogen diffusion is preferably used between the transistor 500 and the transistor 550.
- the membrane that suppresses hydrogen diffusion is a membrane that releases a small amount of hydrogen.
- the amount of hydrogen desorbed can be analyzed using, for example, temperature programmed desorption gas analysis (TDS).
- TDS temperature programmed desorption gas analysis
- the amount of hydrogen desorbed from the insulator 324 is determined by the amount converted into hydrogen atoms per area of the insulator 324 when the surface temperature of the film is in the range of 50°C to 500°C.
- the amount may be 1 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 326 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 324.
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 326 is preferably less than 4, more preferably less than 3.
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 326 is preferably 0.7 times or less, more preferably 0.6 times or less, the dielectric constant of the insulator 324.
- a capacitor 600 or a conductor 328 connected to the transistor 500, a conductor 330, and the like are embedded in the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326.
- the conductor 328 and the conductor 330 have a function as a plug or wiring.
- a conductor having a function as a plug or a wiring a plurality of structures may be collectively given the same reference numeral.
- the wiring and the plug connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, a part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and a part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material is used in a single layer or in a stacked manner. be able to. It is preferable to use a high melting point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a low resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be lowered by using a low resistance conductive material.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator 350, an insulator 352, and an insulator 354 are stacked in this order.
- a conductor 356 is formed on the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354.
- the conductor 356 functions as a plug or a wiring connected to the transistor 550.
- the conductor 356 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 356 preferably includes a conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen.
- a conductor having hydrogen barrier properties is formed in the opening of the insulator 350 having hydrogen barrier properties.
- the conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen for example, tantalum nitride or the like may be used. Further, by stacking tantalum nitride and highly conductive tungsten, diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 550 can be suppressed while maintaining conductivity as a wiring. In this case, it is preferable that the tantalum nitride layer having hydrogen barrier properties be in contact with the insulator 350 having hydrogen barrier properties.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 354 and the conductor 356.
- an insulator 360, an insulator 362, and an insulator 364 are stacked in this order.
- a conductor 366 is formed on the insulator 360, the insulator 362, and the insulator 364.
- the conductor 366 functions as a plug or wiring. Note that the conductor 366 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 366 preferably includes a conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen.
- a conductor having hydrogen barrier properties is formed in the opening of the insulator 360 having hydrogen barrier properties.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 364 and the conductor 366.
- an insulator 370, an insulator 372, and an insulator 374 are stacked in this order.
- a conductor 376 is formed on the insulator 370, the insulator 372, and the insulator 374.
- the conductor 376 functions as a plug or wiring. Note that the conductor 376 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 376 preferably includes a conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen.
- a conductor having hydrogen barrier properties is formed in the opening of the insulator 370 having hydrogen barrier properties.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 374 and the conductor 376.
- an insulator 380, an insulator 382, and an insulator 384 are stacked in this order.
- a conductor 386 is formed on the insulator 380, the insulator 382, and the insulator 384.
- the conductor 386 functions as a plug or wiring. Note that the conductor 386 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 386 preferably includes a conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen.
- a conductor having hydrogen barrier properties is formed in the opening of the insulator 380 having hydrogen barrier properties.
- the wiring layer including the conductor 356, the wiring layer including the conductor 366, the wiring layer including the conductor 376, and the wiring layer including the conductor 386 have been described, but the semiconductor device according to this embodiment It is not limited to this.
- the number of wiring layers similar to the wiring layer containing the conductor 356 may be three or less, or the number of wiring layers similar to the wiring layer containing the conductor 356 may be five or more.
- an insulator 510, an insulator 512, an insulator 514, and an insulator 516 are provided in a laminated manner in this order.
- Any one of the insulators 510, 512, 514, and 516 is preferably made of a substance that has barrier properties against oxygen, hydrogen, or the like.
- a film having barrier properties that prevents hydrogen, impurities, etc. from diffusing from the substrate 311 or the region where the transistor 550 is provided to the region where the transistor 500 is provided is used. It is preferable. Therefore, the same material as the insulator 324 can be used.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used as an example of a film having barrier properties against hydrogen.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method when hydrogen diffuses into a semiconductor element including an oxide semiconductor such as the transistor 500, the characteristics of the semiconductor element may deteriorate. Therefore, a film that suppresses hydrogen diffusion is preferably used between the transistor 500 and the transistor 550.
- the membrane that suppresses hydrogen diffusion is a membrane that releases a small amount of hydrogen.
- a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or tantalum oxide for the insulator 510 and the insulator 514.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that prevents the membrane from permeating both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture that cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from entering the transistor 500 during and after the transistor manufacturing process. Further, release of oxygen from the oxide forming the transistor 500 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- the same material as the insulator 320 can be used for the insulator 512 and the insulator 516. Furthermore, by using materials with relatively low dielectric constants as these insulators, parasitic capacitance occurring between wirings can be reduced.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like can be used as the insulator 512 and the insulator 516.
- a conductor 518, a conductor (for example, the conductor 503) forming the transistor 500, and the like are embedded in the insulator 510, the insulator 512, the insulator 514, and the insulator 516.
- the conductor 518 has a function as a plug or wiring connected to the capacitor 600 or the transistor 550.
- the conductor 518 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the conductor 518 in the region in contact with the insulator 510 and the insulator 514 is a conductor having barrier properties against oxygen, hydrogen, and water.
- the transistor 550 and the transistor 500 can be separated by a layer having barrier properties against oxygen, hydrogen, and water, and diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 550 to the transistor 500 can be suppressed.
- a transistor 500 is provided above the insulator 516.
- the transistor 500 includes a conductor 503 disposed to be embedded in an insulator 514 and an insulator 516, and an insulator 520 disposed on the insulator 516 and the conductor 503. , an insulator 522 disposed on the insulator 520, an insulator 524 disposed on the insulator 522, an oxide 530a disposed on the insulator 524, and an oxide 530a disposed on the oxide 530a.
- the insulator 580 has an overlapping opening formed therein, an insulator 545 placed on the bottom and side surfaces of the opening, and a conductor 560 placed on the surface where the insulator 545 is formed.
- an insulator 544 is disposed between the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, the conductor 542a, and the insulator 580.
- the conductor 560 includes a conductor 560a provided inside the insulator 545, and a conductor 560b provided so as to be embedded inside the conductor 560a. It is preferable to have.
- an insulator 574 is preferably disposed over the insulator 580, the conductor 560, and the insulator 545.
- oxide 530a and the oxide 530b may be collectively referred to as the oxide 530.
- the transistor 500 shows a structure in which two layers, an oxide 530a and an oxide 530b, are stacked in a region where a channel is formed and in the vicinity thereof, the present invention is not limited to this.
- a single layer of the oxide 530b or a stacked structure of three or more layers may be used.
- the conductor 560 is shown as having a two-layer stacked structure, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 560 may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- the transistor 500 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14A is an example, and the structure is not limited to this, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on the circuit structure, driving method, etc.
- the conductor 560 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor, and the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b function as a source electrode or a drain electrode, respectively.
- the conductor 560 is formed to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the arrangement of conductor 560, conductor 542a, and conductor 542b is selected in a self-aligned manner with respect to the opening in insulator 580. That is, in the transistor 500, the gate electrode can be disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode in a self-aligned manner. Therefore, since the conductor 560 can be formed without providing a margin for alignment, the area occupied by the transistor 500 can be reduced. Thereby, miniaturization and high integration of semiconductor devices can be achieved.
- the conductor 560 is formed in a self-aligned manner in the region between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b, the conductor 560 does not have a region overlapping with the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b. Thereby, the parasitic capacitance formed between the conductor 560 and the conductors 542a and 542b can be reduced. Therefore, the switching speed of the transistor 500 can be improved and the transistor 500 can have high frequency characteristics.
- the conductor 560 may function as a first gate (also referred to as top gate) electrode. Further, the conductor 503 may function as a second gate (also referred to as a bottom gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 503 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 560 without interlocking with the potential applied to the conductor 560. In particular, by applying a negative potential to the conductor 503, the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be made larger than 0 V, and the off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 503, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 560 is 0 V can be made smaller than when no negative potential is applied.
- the conductor 503 is arranged to overlap the oxide 530 and the conductor 560. As a result, when a potential is applied to the conductor 560 and the conductor 503, the electric field generated from the conductor 560 and the electric field generated from the conductor 503 are connected to cover the channel formation region formed in the oxide 530. I can do it.
- a structure of a transistor in which a channel formation region is electrically surrounded by an electric field of a first gate electrode is referred to as a surrounded channel (S-channel) structure.
- the S-channel structure disclosed in this specification and the like has a structure different from the Fin type structure and the planar type structure.
- the S-channel structure disclosed in this specification and the like can also be regarded as a type of Fin type structure.
- a Fin type structure refers to a structure in which a gate electrode is arranged so as to surround at least two or more surfaces (specifically, two, three, or four sides) of a channel.
- the channel formation region can be electrically surrounded.
- the S-channel structure is a structure that electrically surrounds the channel formation region, it is substantially equivalent to a GAA (Gate All Around) structure or an LGAA (Lateral Gate All Around) structure. You can say that.
- the channel formation region formed at or near the interface between the oxide 530 and the gate insulator can be formed in the entire bulk of the oxide 530. can. Therefore, it is possible to improve the current density flowing through the transistor, and therefore it is expected that the on-state current of the transistor or the field effect mobility of the transistor will be increased.
- the conductor 503 has the same configuration as the conductor 518, and a conductor 503a is formed in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 514 and the insulator 516, and a conductor 503b is further formed inside.
- the transistor 500 has a structure in which the conductor 503a and the conductor 503b are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 503 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- a conductive material as the conductor 503a, which has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, and copper atoms (the impurities are difficult to pass through).
- a conductive material that has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, etc.
- the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities or oxygen refers to the function of suppressing the diffusion of any one or all of the impurities or the oxygen.
- the conductor 503a since the conductor 503a has a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion, it is possible to suppress the conductivity from decreasing due to oxidation of the conductor 503b.
- the conductor 503 also serves as a wiring
- the conductor 503 is illustrated as a stack of the conductor 503a and the conductor 503b in this embodiment, the conductor 503 may have a single-layer structure.
- the insulator 520, the insulator 522, and the insulator 524 have a function as a second gate insulating film.
- the insulator 524 in contact with the oxide 530 it is preferable to use an insulator containing more oxygen than the oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition.
- the oxygen is easily released from the film by heating.
- oxygen released by heating may be referred to as "excess oxygen.” That is, it is preferable that a region containing excess oxygen (also referred to as an “excess oxygen region”) is formed in the insulator 524.
- V OH defects
- electrons which are carriers
- a portion of hydrogen may combine with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons, which are carriers. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing a large amount of hydrogen tends to have normally-on characteristics. Further, since hydrogen in an oxide semiconductor is easily moved by stress such as heat or an electric field, if the oxide semiconductor contains a large amount of hydrogen, the reliability of the transistor may deteriorate. In one aspect of the invention, it is preferred to reduce the V OH in oxide 530 as much as possible to make it highly pure or substantially pure.
- an oxide material from which some oxygen is released by heating is an oxide with an amount of desorbed oxygen in terms of oxygen atoms of 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or more, preferably 1 in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis.
- the oxide film has a density of .0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 or more, or 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 atoms/cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film during the above TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100°C or more and 700°C or less, or 100°C or more and 400°C or less.
- the insulator having the excess oxygen region and the oxide 530 may be brought into contact with each other and subjected to one or more of heat treatment, microwave treatment, and RF treatment. By performing this treatment, water or hydrogen in the oxide 530 can be removed.
- a reaction occurs in which the bond of VoH is broken, or in other words, a reaction “V O H ⁇ Vo+H” occurs, resulting in dehydrogenation.
- a part of the hydrogen generated at this time may combine with oxygen and be removed from the oxide 530 or the insulator near the oxide 530 as H 2 O. Further, some of the hydrogen may be gettered to the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the microwave processing it is preferable to use, for example, an apparatus having a power source for generating high-density plasma or an apparatus having a power source for applying RF to the substrate side.
- an apparatus having a power source for generating high-density plasma or an apparatus having a power source for applying RF to the substrate side.
- a gas containing oxygen and using high-density plasma high-density oxygen radicals can be generated, and by applying RF to the substrate side, the oxygen radicals generated by the high-density plasma can be generated.
- the microwave treatment may be performed at a pressure of 133 Pa or higher, preferably 200 Pa or higher, and more preferably 400 Pa or higher.
- the gas introduced into the apparatus for performing microwave processing for example, oxygen and argon are used, and the oxygen flow rate ratio (O 2 /(O 2 +Ar)) is 50% or less, preferably 10% or more. % or less.
- heat treatment is preferably performed with the surface of the oxide 530 exposed.
- the heat treatment may be performed, for example, at a temperature of 100°C or higher and 450°C or lower, more preferably 350°C or higher and 400°C or lower.
- the heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or inert gas, or an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of oxidizing gas.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in an oxygen atmosphere. Thereby, oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 530, and oxygen vacancies (V O ) can be reduced. Further, the heat treatment may be performed under reduced pressure.
- the heat treatment may be performed in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm or more, 1% or more, or 10% or more of oxidizing gas in order to compensate for the desorbed oxygen after heat treatment in a nitrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere. good.
- heat treatment may be performed continuously in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas or inert gas.
- the oxygen vacancies in the oxide 530 can be repaired by the supplied oxygen, or in other words, the reaction "Vo+O ⁇ null" can be promoted. Further, by reacting the supplied oxygen with the hydrogen remaining in the oxide 530, the hydrogen can be removed as H 2 O (dehydrated). This can suppress hydrogen remaining in the oxide 530 from recombining with oxygen vacancies and forming V OH .
- the insulator 524 has an excess oxygen region, it is preferable that the insulator 522 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, etc.) (the oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- oxygen for example, oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, etc.
- the insulator 522 has the function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, impurities, etc., so that the oxygen contained in the oxide 530 does not diffuse toward the insulator 520 side. Further, the conductor 503 can be prevented from reacting with oxygen contained in the insulator 524, the oxide 530, and the like.
- the insulator 522 is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), or It is preferable to use an insulator containing a so-called high-k material such as (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST) in a single layer or in a stacked layer. As transistors become smaller and more highly integrated, problems such as off-current may occur due to thinning of gate insulating films. By using a high-k material for the insulator that functions as a gate insulating film, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- a so-called high-k material such as (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST)
- an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium which is an insulating material that has the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities and oxygen (the oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- the insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), and the like.
- the insulator 522 is formed using such a material, the insulator 522 suppresses the release of oxygen from the oxide 530 or the incorporation of impurities such as hydrogen into the oxide 530 from the periphery of the transistor 500. Acts as a layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked on the above insulator.
- the insulator 520 is thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are suitable because they are thermally stable.
- the insulator 520 having a stacked layer structure that is thermally stable and has a high dielectric constant can be obtained.
- an insulator 520, an insulator 522, and an insulator 524 are illustrated as the second gate insulating film having a three-layer stacked structure;
- the insulating film may have a single layer, two layers, or a stacked structure of four or more layers.
- the structure is not limited to a laminated structure made of the same material, but may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
- the transistor 500 uses a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor for the oxide 530 including the channel formation region.
- the metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor may be formed by a sputtering method or by an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method. Note that a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor will be described in detail in other embodiments.
- the oxide 530 can suppress diffusion of impurities from a component formed below the oxide 530a to the oxide 530b.
- the oxide 530 preferably has a structure of a plurality of oxide layers in which the atomic ratio of each metal atom is different.
- the atomic ratio of the element M among the constituent elements is larger than the atomic ratio of the element M among the constituent elements in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b. It is preferable.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b.
- the atomic ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a.
- the energy at the bottom of the conduction band of the oxide 530a is higher than the energy at the bottom of the conduction band of the oxide 530b.
- the electron affinity of the oxide 530a is smaller than the electron affinity of the oxide 530b.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band at the junction between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b changes continuously or forms a continuous junction.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b having a common element other than oxygen (main component) a mixed layer with a low defect level density can be formed.
- the oxide 530b is an In-Ga-Zn oxide
- an In-Ga-Zn oxide, a Ga-Zn oxide, a gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the oxide 530a.
- the main path of carriers is the oxide 530b.
- the oxide 530a the above structure, the density of defect levels at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b can be reduced. Therefore, the influence of interface scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 500 can obtain a large on-current.
- a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode are provided on the oxide 530b.
- the conductors 542a and 542b include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, and ruthenium. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from , iridium, strontium, and lanthanum, an alloy containing the above-mentioned metal elements, or an alloy that is a combination of the above-mentioned metal elements.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize. It is preferable because it is a conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even if it absorbs oxygen.
- a metal nitride film such as tantalum nitride is preferable because it has barrier properties against hydrogen or oxygen.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b are shown as having a single-layer structure, but they may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- a tantalum nitride film and a tungsten film may be laminated.
- a titanium film and an aluminum film may be laminated.
- a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is laminated on a tungsten film a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a titanium film, and a two-layer structure in which a copper film is laminated on a titanium film.
- a two-layer structure in which copper films are laminated may be used.
- a three-layer structure in which a titanium film or titanium nitride film is laminated, an aluminum film or a copper film is stacked on top of the titanium film or titanium nitride film, and a titanium film or titanium nitride film is further formed on top of the titanium film or titanium nitride film, a molybdenum film or
- a molybdenum nitride film, an aluminum film or a copper film is laminated on the molybdenum film or the molybdenum nitride film, and a molybdenum film or molybdenum nitride film is further formed thereon.
- a transparent conductive material containing indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used.
- a region 543a and a region 543b may be formed as low resistance regions at and near the interface of the oxide 530 with the conductor 542a (conductor 542b).
- the region 543a functions as either a source region or a drain region
- the region 543b functions as the other source region or drain region.
- a channel formation region is formed in a region sandwiched between the region 543a and the region 543b.
- the oxygen concentration in the region 543a (region 543b) may be reduced.
- a metal compound layer containing a metal included in the conductor 542a (conductor 542b) and a component of the oxide 530 may be formed in the region 543a (region 543b). In such a case, the carrier concentration of the region 543a (region 543b) increases, and the region 543a (region 543b) becomes a low resistance region.
- the insulator 544 is provided to cover the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b, and suppresses oxidation of the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b. At this time, the insulator 544 may be provided to cover the side surface of the oxide 530 and be in contact with the insulator 524.
- insulator 544 a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, neodymium, lanthanum, magnesium, etc. Can be used. Further, as the insulator 544, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- hafnium oxide aluminum
- an oxide containing hafnium hafnium (hafnium aluminate) which are insulators containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, as the insulator 544.
- hafnium aluminate has higher heat resistance than hafnium oxide film. Therefore, it is preferable because it is difficult to crystallize during heat treatment in a later step.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b are made of an oxidation-resistant material or a material whose conductivity does not significantly decrease even if it absorbs oxygen, the insulator 544 is not an essential component. It may be designed as appropriate depending on the desired transistor characteristics.
- the insulator 544 By having the insulator 544, it is possible to suppress impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 580 from diffusing into the oxide 530b. Furthermore, oxidation of the conductors 542a and 542b due to excess oxygen in the insulator 580 can be suppressed.
- the insulator 545 functions as a first gate insulating film. Like the insulator 524 described above, the insulator 545 is preferably formed using an insulator that contains excess oxygen and releases oxygen when heated.
- silicon oxide with excess oxygen silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide with fluorine added, silicon oxide with carbon added, silicon oxide with carbon and nitrogen added, and silicon oxide with vacancies. It is possible to use silicon oxide having the following properties. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- the insulator 545 By providing an insulator containing excess oxygen as the insulator 545, oxygen can be effectively supplied from the insulator 545 to the channel formation region of the oxide 530b. Further, similarly to the insulator 524, it is preferable that the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 545 is reduced.
- the thickness of the insulator 545 is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 545 and the conductor 560 in order to efficiently supply excess oxygen contained in the insulator 545 to the oxide 530.
- the metal oxide preferably suppresses oxygen diffusion from the insulator 545 to the conductor 560.
- diffusion of excess oxygen from the insulator 545 to the conductor 560 is suppressed.
- a decrease in the amount of excess oxygen supplied to the oxide 530 can be suppressed.
- oxidation of the conductor 560 due to excess oxygen can be suppressed.
- a material that can be used for the insulator 544 may be used.
- the insulator 545 may have a laminated structure similarly to the second gate insulating film. As transistors become smaller and more highly integrated, problems such as off-current may occur due to the thinning of the gate insulating film. By forming a stacked structure using physically stable materials, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness. Furthermore, a laminated structure that is thermally stable and has a high dielectric constant can be achieved.
- the conductor 560 functioning as the first gate electrode is shown as having a two-layer structure in FIGS. 14A and 14B, it may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure of three or more layers.
- the conductor 560a is a conductive material that has the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules ( N2O , NO, NO2, etc.), and copper atoms.
- impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules ( N2O , NO, NO2, etc.), and copper atoms.
- the material is used.
- the conductive material having the function of suppressing oxygen diffusion it is preferable to use, for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used as the oxide 530 can be used as the conductor 560a. In that case, by forming the conductor 560b by a sputtering method, the electrical resistance value of the conductor 560a can be reduced and the conductor 560a can be made into a conductor. This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component for the conductor 560b.
- the conductor 560b also functions as a wiring, it is preferable to use a conductor with high conductivity.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component can be used.
- the conductor 560b may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the above conductive material.
- the insulator 580 is provided on the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b via the insulator 544.
- insulator 580 has regions of excess oxygen.
- silicone, resin, or the like it is preferable to use silicone, resin, or the like.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxide with vacancies are preferable because an excess oxygen region can be easily formed in a later step.
- the insulator 580 has an excess oxygen region.
- oxygen in the insulator 580 can be efficiently supplied to the oxide 530.
- concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 580 is preferably reduced.
- the opening of the insulator 580 is formed to overlap the region between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b. Thereby, the conductor 560 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the conductor 560 When miniaturizing semiconductor devices, it is required to shorten the gate length, but it is necessary to prevent the conductivity of the conductor 560 from decreasing. For this reason, when the thickness of the conductor 560 is increased, the conductor 560 can have a shape with a high aspect ratio.
- the conductor 560 is provided so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580, so even if the conductor 560 has a high aspect ratio shape, the conductor 560 can be formed without collapsing during the process. I can do it.
- the insulator 574 is preferably provided in contact with the top surface of the insulator 580, the top surface of the conductor 560, and the top surface of the insulator 545.
- an excess oxygen region can be provided in the insulator 545 and the insulator 580. Thereby, oxygen can be supplied into the oxide 530 from the excess oxygen region.
- a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, or magnesium may be used as the insulator 574. I can do it.
- aluminum oxide has high barrier properties, and even if it is a thin film of 0.5 nm or more and 3.0 nm or less, it can suppress the diffusion of hydrogen and nitrogen. Therefore, aluminum oxide formed by sputtering can function as an oxygen supply source as well as a barrier film for impurities such as hydrogen.
- the insulator 581 that functions as an interlayer film on the insulator 574.
- the insulator 581 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the film.
- a conductor 540a and a conductor 540b are arranged in openings formed in the insulator 581, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 544.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b are provided facing each other with the conductor 560 interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b have the same configuration as a conductor 546 and a conductor 548, which will be described later.
- An insulator 582 is provided on the insulator 581.
- the insulator 582 is preferably made of a substance that has barrier properties against oxygen, hydrogen, and the like. Therefore, the same material as the insulator 514 can be used for the insulator 582.
- the insulator 582 is preferably made of a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, or the like.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that prevents the membrane from permeating both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture that cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from entering the transistor 500 during and after the transistor manufacturing process. Further, release of oxygen from the oxide forming the transistor 500 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- an insulator 586 is provided on the insulator 582.
- the same material as the insulator 320 can be used for the insulator 586.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like can be used as the insulator 586.
- the insulators 520, 522, 524, 544, 580, 574, 581, 582, and 586 include a conductor 546, a conductor 548, etc. is embedded.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 have a function as a plug or wiring connected to the capacitor 600, the transistor 500, or the transistor 550.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 can be provided using the same material as the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- an opening may be formed to surround the transistor 500, and an insulator having high barrier properties against hydrogen or water may be formed to cover the opening.
- the plurality of transistors 500 may be wrapped together with an insulator having high barrier properties against hydrogen or water.
- an opening to surround the transistor 500 for example, an opening reaching the insulator 522 or 514 is formed, and the above-mentioned insulator with high barrier properties is formed in contact with the insulator 522 or 514. If formed, it can also serve as part of the manufacturing process of the transistor 500, which is preferable.
- the insulator with high barrier properties against hydrogen or water for example, a material similar to the insulator 522 or the insulator 514 may be used.
- the transistor that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the transistor 500 shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B.
- a transistor 500 having the structure shown in FIG. 15 may be used.
- an insulator 555 is used, and the conductors 542a (conductors 542a1 and 542a2) and conductors 542b (conductors 542b1 and 542b2) have a stacked structure. This is different from the transistors shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B in this point.
- the conductor 542a has a laminated structure of a conductor 542a1 and a conductor 542a2 on the conductor 542a
- the conductor 542b has a laminated structure of a conductor 542b1 and a conductor 542b2 on the conductor 542b1.
- the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1 in contact with the oxide 530b are preferably conductors that are difficult to oxidize, such as metal nitride. Thereby, the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b can be prevented from being excessively oxidized by oxygen contained in the oxide 530b.
- the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2 are preferably conductors such as metal layers that have higher conductivity than the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b can function as highly conductive wiring or electrodes.
- a semiconductor device can be provided in which the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b, which function as wiring or electrodes, are provided in contact with the upper surface of the oxide 530, which functions as an active layer.
- metal nitrides such as nitrides containing tantalum, nitrides containing titanium, nitrides containing molybdenum, nitrides containing tungsten, and nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum. It is preferable to use a nitride containing titanium, aluminum, or the like. In one aspect of the invention, nitrides containing tantalum are particularly preferred. Further, for example, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, etc. may be used. These materials are preferable because they are conductive materials that are difficult to oxidize, or materials that maintain conductivity even after absorbing oxygen.
- the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2 have higher conductivity than the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1.
- the thickness of the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2 be larger than the thickness of the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1.
- a conductor that can be used for the conductor 560b may be used. With the above structure, the resistance of the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2 can be reduced.
- tantalum nitride or titanium nitride can be used as the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1, and tungsten can be used as the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2.
- the distance between the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1 is smaller than the distance between the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2.
- the insulator 555 is preferably an insulator that is difficult to oxidize, such as nitride.
- the insulator 555 is formed in contact with the side surface of the conductor 542a2 and the side surface of the conductor 542b2, and has a function of protecting the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2. Since the insulator 555 is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere, it is preferably an inorganic insulator that is not easily oxidized. Furthermore, since the insulator 555 is in contact with the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2, it is preferably an inorganic insulator that does not easily oxidize the conductors 542a2 and 542b2. Therefore, the insulator 555 is preferably made of an insulating material that has barrier properties against oxygen. For example, silicon nitride can be used as the insulator 555.
- openings are formed in an insulator 580 and an insulator 544, an insulator 555 is formed in contact with the sidewall of the opening, and a conductor 542a1 and a conductor 542b1 are separated using a mask. By doing so, it is formed.
- the opening overlaps with a region between the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2. Further, a portion of the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1 are formed to protrude into the opening.
- the insulator 555 contacts the top surface of the conductor 542a1, the top surface of the conductor 542b1, the side surface of the conductor 542a2, and the side surface of the conductor 542b2 within the opening. Further, the insulator 545 is in contact with the upper surface of the oxide 530 in a region between the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1.
- the conductor 542a1 and the conductor 542b1 and before forming the insulator 545 it is preferable to perform heat treatment in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- oxygen can be supplied to the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b, and oxygen vacancies can be reduced.
- the insulator 555 is formed in contact with the side surface of the conductor 542a2 and the side surface of the conductor 542b2, excessive oxidation of the conductor 542a2 and the conductor 542b2 can be prevented.
- the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor can be improved. Further, variations in electrical characteristics of a plurality of transistors formed over the same substrate can be suppressed.
- the insulator 524 may be formed in an island shape.
- the insulator 524 may be formed so that its side end portions approximately coincide with the oxide 530.
- the insulator 522 may be in contact with the insulator 516 and the conductor 503.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the insulator 520 shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B is not provided.
- Capacitor 600 includes a conductor 610, a conductor 620, and an insulator 630.
- a conductor 612 may be provided on the conductor 546 and the conductor 548.
- the conductor 612 functions as a plug or a wiring connected to the transistor 500.
- the conductor 610 functions as an electrode of the capacitor 600. Note that the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 can be formed at the same time.
- the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 include a metal film containing an element selected from molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, and scandium, or a metal nitride film containing the above-mentioned elements.
- a metal nitride film, titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film), etc. can be used.
- Conductive materials such as indium tin oxide can also be applied.
- the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 are shown as having a single-layer structure, but are not limited to this structure, and may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- a conductor having barrier properties and a conductor having high adhesiveness to the conductor having high conductivity may be formed between a conductor having barrier properties and a conductor having high conductivity.
- a conductor 620 is provided so as to overlap the conductor 610 with an insulator 630 in between.
- the conductor 620 can be made of a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, or a metal oxide material. It is preferable to use a high melting point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten.
- low resistance metal materials such as Cu (copper) and Al (aluminum) may be used.
- An insulator 640 is provided on the conductor 620 and the insulator 630.
- Insulator 640 can be provided using the same material as insulator 320. Further, the insulator 640 may function as a flattening film that covers the uneven shape underneath.
- Substrates that can be used in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention include glass substrates, quartz substrates, sapphire substrates, ceramic substrates, and metal substrates (for example, stainless steel substrates, substrates with stainless steel foil, tungsten substrates). , a substrate having a tungsten foil, etc.), a semiconductor substrate (such as a single crystal semiconductor substrate, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, or a compound semiconductor substrate), an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate, and the like. Further, a plastic substrate having heat resistance that can withstand the processing temperature of this embodiment may be used.
- glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, soda lime glass, and the like. Besides, crystallized glass or the like can be used.
- a flexible substrate, a bonded film, paper containing a fibrous material, a base film, or the like can be used as the substrate.
- flexible substrates, bonded films, base films, etc. include the following.
- plastics represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether sulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyether sulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- acrylic examples include polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride.
- examples include polyamide, polyimide, aramid resin, epoxy resin, inorganic vapor-deposited film, and paper.
- transistors using semiconductor substrates, single crystal substrates, SOI substrates, etc.
- the power consumption of the circuit can be reduced or the circuit can be highly integrated.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate, and transistors, resistors, and/or capacitors, etc. may be formed directly on the flexible substrate.
- a release layer may be provided between the substrate and the transistor, resistor, and/or capacitor. The peeling layer can be used to separate a semiconductor device from a substrate after completing a part or all of the semiconductor device thereon and transfer it to another substrate.
- transistors, resistors, and/or capacitors, etc. can be transferred to substrates with poor heat resistance, flexible substrates, and the like.
- release layer for example, a structure in which an inorganic film of a tungsten film and a silicon oxide film is laminated, a structure in which an organic resin film such as polyimide is formed on a substrate, a silicon film containing hydrogen, etc. are used. be able to.
- a semiconductor device may be formed on one substrate, and then transferred to another substrate.
- substrates on which semiconductor devices are transferred include, in addition to the above-mentioned substrates on which transistors can be formed, paper substrates, cellophane substrates, aramid film substrates, polyimide film substrates, stone substrates, wood substrates, cloth substrates (natural Examples include fibers (silk, cotton, linen), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, polyester), recycled fibers (acetate, cupro, rayon, recycled polyester), leather substrates, rubber substrates, and the like.
- fibers silk, cotton, linen
- synthetic fibers rayon, polyurethane, polyester
- recycled fibers acetate, cupro, rayon, recycled polyester
- leather substrates rubber substrates, and the like.
- the transistor 550 shown in FIG. 13 is an example, and the structure is not limited to this, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on the circuit structure, driving method, etc.
- the transistor 550 may have the same structure as the transistor 500.
- FIG. 16 shows an example of a cross-sectional configuration using a DOSRAM circuit configuration.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a case where element layers 700[1] to 700[4] are stacked on the element layer 701.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a transistor 550 included in the element layer 701.
- the transistor 550 the transistor 550 described in the above embodiment can be applied.
- transistor 550 shown in FIG. 16 is an example, and the structure is not limited, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on the circuit configuration or driving method.
- a wiring layer including an interlayer film, wiring, plugs, etc. is provided between the element layer 701 and the element layer 700, or between the k-th element layer 700 and the k+1-th element layer 700.
- a wiring layer including an interlayer film, wiring, plugs, etc. is provided between the element layer 701 and the element layer 700, or between the k-th element layer 700 and the k+1-th element layer 700.
- the k-th element layer 700 may be referred to as an element layer 700[k]
- the k+1-th element layer 700 may be referred to as an element layer 700[k+1].
- k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
- the wiring and the plug electrically connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, a part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and a part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- an insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are sequentially stacked and provided as interlayer films on the transistor 550. Further, a conductor 328 and the like are embedded in the insulator 320 and the insulator 322. Further, a conductor 330 and the like are embedded in the insulator 324 and the insulator 326. Note that the conductor 328 and the conductor 330 function as a contact plug or a wiring.
- the insulator that functions as an interlayer film may function as a flattening film that covers the uneven shape underneath.
- the upper surface of the insulator 320 may be planarized by a planarization process using a CMP method or the like to improve flatness.
- a wiring layer may be provided on the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator 350, an insulator 357, an insulator 352, and an insulator 354 are stacked in this order on an insulator 326 and a conductor 330.
- a conductor 356 is formed on the insulator 350, the insulator 357, and the insulator 352. The conductor 356 functions as a contact plug or wiring.
- the insulator 514 included in the element layer 700[1] is provided on the insulator 354. Further, a conductor 358 is embedded in the insulator 514 and the insulator 354. The conductor 358 functions as a contact plug or wiring. For example, the bit line BL and the transistor 550 are electrically connected via a conductor 358, a conductor 356, a conductor 330, and the like.
- FIG. 17A shows an example of the cross-sectional structure of the element layer 700[k]. Further, FIG. 17B shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 17A. FIG. 17A shows an example in which two memory cells MC are electrically connected to one bit line BL.
- the memory cell MC shown in FIGS. 16 and 17A includes a transistor M1 and a capacitive element C.
- the transistor 500 described in the above embodiment can be used as the transistor M1.
- the transistor M1 is different from the transistor 500 in that the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b extend beyond the ends of the metal oxide 531 (metal oxide 531a and metal oxide 531b). different.
- the memory cell MC shown in FIGS. 16 and 17A includes a conductor 156 that functions as one terminal of the capacitor C, an insulator 153 that functions as a dielectric, and a conductor 153 that functions as the other terminal of the capacitor C. body 160 (conductor 160a and conductor 160b).
- the conductor 156 is electrically connected to a portion of the conductor 542b.
- the conductor 160 is electrically connected to a wiring PL (not shown in FIG. 17A).
- the capacitive element C is formed in an opening provided by removing a portion of the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 554. Since the conductor 156, the insulator 580, and the insulator 554 are formed along the side surfaces of the opening, it is preferable that they be formed using an ALD method, a CVD method, or the like.
- a conductor that can be used for the conductor 505 or the conductor 560 may be used.
- titanium nitride formed using an ALD method may be used as the conductor 156.
- titanium nitride formed using an ALD method may be used as the conductor 160a, and tungsten formed using a CVD method may be used as the conductor 160b. Note that if the adhesion of tungsten to the insulator 153 is sufficiently high, a single layer film of tungsten formed using a CVD method may be used as the conductor 160.
- an insulator made of a high dielectric constant (high-k) material (a material with a high relative dielectric constant).
- high-k high dielectric constant
- an oxide, oxynitride, nitride oxide, or nitride containing one or more metal elements selected from aluminum, hafnium, zirconium, gallium, etc. can be used as an insulator of a high dielectric constant material.
- the oxide, oxynitride, nitride oxide, or nitride may contain silicon.
- insulating layers made of the above-mentioned materials can be laminated and used.
- Examples of the insulator 153 include a three-layer stacked structure of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide. Note that the three-layer stacked structure may be referred to as ZrO xa ⁇ AlO xb ⁇ ZrO xc (ZAZ). Note that the above-mentioned xa, xb, and xc are each arbitrary units.
- insulators of high dielectric constant materials aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, zirconium oxide, oxides containing aluminum and hafnium, oxynitrides containing aluminum and hafnium, oxides containing silicon and hafnium, oxides containing silicon and hafnium Oxynitrides, oxides containing silicon and zirconium, oxynitrides containing silicon and zirconium, oxides containing hafnium and zirconium, oxynitrides containing hafnium and zirconium, and the like can be used.
- the insulator 153 can be made thick enough to suppress off-current, and the capacitance element C can have sufficient capacitance.
- a laminated insulating layer made of the above-mentioned materials it is preferable to use a laminated structure of a high dielectric constant material and a material having a higher dielectric strength than the high dielectric constant material.
- a laminated structure of a high dielectric constant material and a material having a higher dielectric strength than the high dielectric constant material for example, as the insulator 153, an insulating film in which zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide are laminated in this order can be used. Furthermore, for example, an insulating film in which zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide are laminated in this order can be used.
- an insulating film in which hafnium zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, hafnium zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide are laminated in this order can be used.
- an insulator having a relatively high dielectric strength, such as aluminum oxide the dielectric strength is improved and electrostatic breakdown of the capacitive element C can be suppressed.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a cross-sectional configuration when the circuit configuration of a NOSRAM memory cell is used. Note that FIG. 18 is also a modification of FIG. 16. Further, FIG. 19A shows an example of the cross-sectional structure of the element layer 700[k]. Further, FIG. 19B shows an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 19A.
- the memory cell MC shown in FIGS. 18 and 19A has a transistor M1, a transistor M2, and a transistor M3 on an insulator 514. Further, a conductor 215 is provided on the insulator 514. The conductor 215 and the conductor 505 can be formed simultaneously using the same material and the same process.
- the transistor M2 and the transistor M3 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19A share one island-shaped metal oxide 531.
- a part of one island-shaped metal oxide 531 functions as a channel formation region of transistor M2, and another part functions as a channel formation region of transistor M3.
- the source of the transistor M2 and the drain of the transistor M3, or the drain of the transistor M2 and the source of the transistor M3 are shared. Therefore, the area occupied by the transistors is smaller than when the transistors M2 and M3 are provided independently.
- an insulator 287 is provided on an insulator 581, and a conductor 161 is embedded in the insulator 287. Further, the insulator 514 of the element layer 700 [k+1] is provided on the insulator 287 and the conductor 161.
- the conductor 215 of the element layer 700[k+1] functions as one terminal of the capacitive element C
- the insulator 514 of the element layer 700[k+1] functions as the dielectric of the capacitive element C
- the conductor 161 functions as the other terminal of the capacitive element C.
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor M1 is electrically connected to the conductor 161 through a contact plug
- the gate of the transistor M2 is electrically connected to the conductor 161 through another contact plug.
- FIG. 20 shows an example of a cross-sectional structure of an element layer including stacked OS transistors, which is different from FIGS. 16 to 19A and 19B and can be applied to a memory device or the like of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the capacitive element C is provided below the transistor M1.
- each of the plurality of element layers 700 has a plurality of memory cells MC.
- a transistor M1 and a capacitive element C are illustrated.
- a conductor 363a, a conductor 363b, and a conductor 363c are embedded in the interlayer film between the element layer 701 and the element layer 700.
- a conductor 365 is embedded in an insulator 592, which will be described later.
- a conductor 366 is embedded in an insulator 593, an insulator 594, an insulator 553, and an insulator 595, which will be described later.
- a conductor 367 is embedded in an insulator 596, an insulator 583, a conductor 542b, an insulator 555, and an insulator 597, which will be described later.
- the conductor 363a, the conductor 363b, the conductor 363c, the conductor 365, the conductor 366, and the conductor 367 function as a via, a contact plug, or a wiring.
- FIG. 21A is a plan view showing a configuration example of a memory cell MC included in each of the plurality of element layers 700 of the above-mentioned memory device 10V and its surroundings.
- the transistor 500A corresponds to the transistor M1 in FIG. 20
- the capacitor 600A corresponds to the capacitive element C in FIG.
- FIG. 21D is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 shown in FIG. 21A.
- some components of the transistor M1 such as an insulator, are omitted.
- some constituent elements such as insulators are omitted.
- the capacitor 600A includes, for example, an insulator 593, an insulator 594, an insulator 553, an insulator 595, a conductor 563, a conductor 564, and a conductor 542a.
- a conductor 563 is embedded in the insulator 592.
- the conductor 563 can be, for example, a wiring PL extending in the Y direction.
- an insulator 593 and an insulator 594 are formed in this order on the insulator 592 and the conductor 563. Further, an opening is provided in a region of the insulator 593 and the insulator 594 that overlaps with the conductor 563.
- a conductor 564 is formed on the bottom surface (above the conductor 563) and side surfaces of the opening. Note that in FIG. 21D, the conductor 564 is also formed on the upper surface of the insulator 594.
- an insulator 553 is formed on the insulator 594 and the conductor 564. Further, a conductor 542a is formed to cover a region of the insulator 553 that overlaps with the conductor 564.
- an insulator 595 is formed on the conductor 542a and the insulator 553.
- the height of the top surface of the insulator 595 and the height of the top surface of the conductor 542a are preferably substantially equal to each other. Therefore, it is preferable that the insulator 595 and the conductor 542a be planarized by, for example, a planarization process using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) or the like.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the conductor 564 corresponds to, for example, one of a pair of terminals in a capacity of 600A. Further, the conductor 542a corresponds to the other of a pair of terminals in a capacitance of 600A, for example.
- the insulator 553 functions as a dielectric sandwiched between a pair of terminals in a capacity of 600 A, for example.
- a transistor 500A is provided above the conductor 542a and the insulator 595 with a capacity of 600A.
- the transistor 500A has a structure in which the direction of the channel length is not substantially parallel to the substrate 311, but is along the side surface of an opening provided in an insulator 583, which will be described later.
- the transistor 500A includes a conductor 542a functioning as one of a source electrode or a drain electrode, a conductor 542b functioning as the other of the source electrode or the drain electrode, a metal oxide 533, an insulator 555, and a gate electrode. It has a conductor 565 that functions as a conductor.
- FIG. 21A shows an example in which the conductor 542b extends in a direction perpendicular to the conductor 542a and the conductor 565. Note that, as described above, the conductor 542a also functions as the other of the pair of electrodes with a capacity of 600A.
- metal oxide 533 for example, a material that can be used for the oxide 530 included in the transistor 500 described in the above embodiment can be used.
- the direction in which the conductor 542b extends is the X direction.
- a direction perpendicular to the X direction and parallel to, for example, the upper surface of the conductor 563 is defined as a Y direction
- a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the conductor 563 is defined as a Z direction.
- the definitions of the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction may be the same in subsequent drawings.
- the X direction, Y direction, and Z direction can be mutually perpendicular directions.
- the X direction is sometimes referred to as the right side or the left side
- the Y direction is sometimes referred to as the upper side or the lower side
- the right side may be referred to as the X direction
- the left side as the -X direction
- the upper side as the Y direction
- the lower side as the -Y direction.
- the conductor 542a functions as either a source electrode or a drain electrode of the transistor 500A.
- the conductor 542b functions as the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 500A.
- the insulator 555 functions as a gate insulating layer of the transistor 500A.
- the conductor 565 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 500A.
- the entire region between the source electrode and the drain electrode that overlaps with the gate electrode via the gate insulating layer functions as a channel formation region.
- the metal oxide 533 having a region functioning as a channel formation region is sometimes referred to as a semiconductor layer. Further, in the metal oxide 533, a region in contact with the source electrode functions as a source region, and a region in contact with the drain electrode functions as a drain region.
- An insulator 596 is provided on the insulator 595 and the conductor 542a.
- the insulator 596 can function as an interlayer insulating layer.
- the interlayer insulating layer here can be a barrier insulating film that suppresses the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen (for example, one or both of hydrogen atoms and hydrogen molecules).
- An insulator 583 (an insulator 583a and an insulator 583b) is provided on the insulator 596, and a conductor 542b is provided on the insulator 583.
- the insulator 583 can function as an interlayer insulating layer.
- the interlayer insulating layer here can be an interlayer film for separating the source electrode and gate electrode in 500A.
- the transistor 500A can exhibit good electrical characteristics and be highly reliable.
- an oxide or an oxynitride for the insulator 583a.
- a film that releases oxygen when heated as the insulator 583a for the insulator 583a.
- silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride can be preferably used, for example. Since the insulator 583a releases oxygen, oxygen can be supplied from the insulator 583a to the metal oxide 533. By supplying oxygen from the insulator 583a to the metal oxide 533, particularly to the channel formation region of the metal oxide 533, oxygen vacancies (V O ), V O H, and hydrogen in the metal oxide 533 can be reduced. Therefore, the transistor 500A can exhibit good electrical characteristics and be highly reliable.
- the insulator 583b has a region containing more nitrogen than the insulator 583a, for example.
- silicon nitride or silicon nitride oxide can be suitably used for the insulator 583b.
- the insulator 583b can serve as a blocking layer that suppresses desorption of oxygen from the insulator 583a.
- the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 have an opening 601 that reaches the conductor 542a.
- the conductor 542b has an opening 603 that reaches the opening 601. That is, the opening 603 has a region that overlaps with the opening 601.
- FIG. 21A shows a conductor 542a, a conductor 542b, a metal oxide 533, a conductor 565, an opening 601, and an opening 603 as components of the transistor 500A.
- FIG. 21B shows a conductor 542a, a conductor 542b, a metal oxide 533, an opening 601, and an opening 603.
- FIG. 21C shows a configuration example in which the metal oxide 533 is further omitted from the elements shown in FIG. 21B. That is, FIG. 21C shows a conductor 542a, a conductor 542b, an opening 601, and an opening 603.
- the conductor 542b has an opening 603 in a region overlapping with the conductor 542a.
- the conductor 542b can be configured to cover the entire outer periphery of the opening 601 in plan view.
- the conductor 542b is not provided inside the opening 601. In other words, it is preferable that the conductor 542b does not contact the side surface of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side.
- FIGS. 21A to 21C show examples in which the openings 601 and 603 are each circular in plan view.
- the planar shape of the opening 601 and the opening 603 circular, it is possible to improve the processing accuracy when forming the opening 601 and the opening 603, and it is possible to form the opening 601 and the opening 603 of minute size.
- circular is not limited to a perfect circle.
- the planar shape of the opening 601 and the opening 603 may be an ellipse or a shape including a curve. Alternatively, it may have a polygonal shape.
- FIG. 21D shows an example in which the end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side matches or approximately matches the end of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side. It can be said that the planar shape of the opening 603 matches or approximately matches the planar shape of the opening 601. Note that in this specification and the like, the end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side refers to the lower end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side. The lower surface of the conductor 542b refers to the surface on the insulator 583 side. The end of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side refers to the upper end of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side.
- the upper surface of the insulator 583 refers to the surface on the conductor 542b side.
- the planar shape of the opening 603 refers to the planar shape of the lower end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side.
- the planar shape of the opening 601 refers to the planar shape of the upper end of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side.
- the ends match or roughly match, it can also be said that the ends are aligned or roughly aligned.
- the edges are aligned or approximately aligned, and when the planar shapes are aligned or approximately aligned, at least a portion of the outlines of the laminated layers overlap in plan view. It can be said. For example, this includes a case where the upper layer and the lower layer are processed using the same mask pattern or partially the same mask pattern. However, strictly speaking, the outlines do not overlap, and the upper layer may be located inside the lower layer, or the upper layer may be located outside the lower layer, and in this case, the edges are roughly aligned, or the planar shape It is said that they roughly match.
- the opening 601 can be formed using, for example, the resist mask used to form the opening 603. Specifically, first, the insulator 596 is placed on the conductor 542a and the insulator 595, the insulator 583 is placed on the insulator 596, the conductive film that becomes the conductor 542b is placed on the insulator 583, and the conductive film is placed on the conductive film. A resist mask is formed. Then, after forming an opening 603 in the conductive film using the resist mask, the opening 601 is formed in the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 using the resist mask, so that the edge of the opening 601 and the opening 603 are connected. The ends can be coincident or approximately coincident. With such a configuration, the process can be simplified.
- the metal oxide 533 is provided so as to cover the openings 601 and 603 and have a region located inside the openings 601 and 603.
- the metal oxide 533 has a shape that follows the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, the side surfaces of the insulator 583, the side surfaces of the insulator 596, and the top surface of the conductor 542a.
- the metal oxide 533 has a region in contact with, for example, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, the side surfaces of the insulator 583, and the top surface of the conductor 542a.
- the metal oxide 533 covers the end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side.
- FIG. 21D shows a configuration in which the end of metal oxide 533 is located on conductor 542b. It can also be said that the end of the metal oxide 533 is in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 542b.
- the metal oxide 533 is shown as having a single layer structure in FIG. 21D, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the metal oxide 533 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- An insulator 555 functioning as a gate insulating layer of the transistor 500A is provided so as to cover the openings 601 and 603 and have a region located inside the openings 601 and 603.
- the insulator 555 is provided over the metal oxide 533, the conductor 542b, and the insulator 583.
- the insulator 555 can have a region in contact with the top and side surfaces of the metal oxide 533, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, the top surface of the insulator 583, and the top surface of the insulator 596.
- the insulator 555 has a shape that follows the top surface of the insulator 596, the top surface of the insulator 583, the top surface and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, and the top surface and side surfaces of the metal oxide 533.
- a conductor 565 functioning as a gate electrode of the transistor 500A is provided over the insulator 555 and can have a region in contact with the top surface of the insulator 555.
- the conductor 565 has a region that overlaps with the metal oxide 533 with the insulator 555 in between.
- the conductor 565 has a shape that follows the shape of the upper surface of the insulator 555.
- the conductor 565 in the openings 601 and 603, the conductor 565 has a region that overlaps with the metal oxide 533 with the insulator 555 in between. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 21D, the conductor 565 has a region that overlaps with the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b with the insulator 555 and the metal oxide 533 interposed therebetween. Further, the conductor 565 covers the entire metal oxide 533. With this structure, a gate electric field can be applied to the entire metal oxide 533, so that the electrical characteristics of the transistor 500A can be improved, and for example, the on-state current of the transistor can be increased.
- the transistor 500A is a so-called top-gate transistor that has a gate electrode above the metal oxide 533. Further, since the lower surface of the metal oxide 533 has a region in contact with the source electrode and the drain electrode, it can be called a TGBC (Top Gate Bottom Contact) transistor.
- TGBC Top Gate Bottom Contact
- the transistor 500A can also be applied to, for example, a transistor included in a circuit other than the memory cell MC.
- FIG. 22A is an enlarged plan view showing a configuration example of the transistor 500A shown in FIG. 21A and its surroundings.
- FIG. 22B is an enlarged view of a cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of the transistor 500A shown in FIG. 21D and its surroundings.
- the region in contact with the conductor 542a functions as one of the source region or the drain region
- the region in contact with the conductor 542b functions as the other of the source region or the drain region
- the region between the source region and the drain region functions as a channel forming region.
- the channel length of the transistor 500A is the distance between the source region and the drain region.
- the channel length L500 of the transistor 500A is indicated by a dashed double-headed arrow.
- the channel length L500 is the distance between the end of the region where the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542a are in contact with each other and the end of the region where the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542b are in contact in a cross-sectional view.
- the channel length L500 of the transistor 500A corresponds to the length of the side surface of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side when viewed from the XZ plane.
- the channel length L500 is determined by the thickness T583 of the insulator 583 and the angle ⁇ 583 between the side surface of the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side and the surface on which the insulator 583 is formed (here, the upper surface of the conductor 542a). , which is not affected by the performance of the exposure equipment used to fabricate the transistor. Therefore, the channel length L500 can be made smaller than the limit resolution of the exposure apparatus, and a fine-sized transistor can be realized.
- the channel length L500 is preferably 0.010 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.050 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.10 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more. It is preferably less than 3.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.5 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably 0.40 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.50 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness T583 of the insulator 583 is indicated by a double-dot chain arrow.
- the memory cell MC can be miniaturized. This makes it possible to provide a storage device with increased storage density. Further, by reducing the channel length L500, the on-current of the transistor 500A can be increased, so that the memory cell MC can be driven at high speed.
- the channel length L500 can be controlled.
- the film thickness T583 of the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 is preferably 0.010 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.050 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.10 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m. More preferably, 0.15 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the following is preferable, more preferably 0.40 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.50 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the side surfaces of the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side have a tapered shape. It is preferable that the angle ⁇ 583 between the side surfaces of the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side and the surface on which the insulator 596 is formed (here, the upper surface of the conductor 542a) is 90 degrees or less. By reducing the angle ⁇ 583, the coverage of a layer (for example, metal oxide 533) provided on the insulator 583 can be improved.
- the angle ⁇ 583 is preferably 45 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, more preferably 50 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, further preferably 55 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, further preferably 60 degrees or more and 90 degrees or less, and even more preferably 60 degrees or more.
- the angle is preferably 85 degrees or less, more preferably 65 degrees or more and 85 degrees or less, further preferably 65 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less, and even more preferably 70 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less.
- the angle ⁇ 583 within the range described above, it is possible to improve the coverage of the layer (for example, metal oxide 533) formed on the conductor 542a and the insulator 583, and to prevent the layer from having breaks or gaps. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects. Furthermore, the contact resistance between the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542a can be reduced.
- step breakage refers to a phenomenon in which a layer, film, or electrode is separated due to the shape of the surface on which it is formed (for example, a step difference, etc.).
- FIG. 22B shows a configuration in which the shapes of the side surfaces of the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 on the opening 601 side are straight in a cross-sectional view
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the shape of the side surface of the insulator 596 and the insulator 583 on the side of the opening 601 may be curved, or the shape of the side surface may have both a straight region and a curved region.
- the channel width of the transistor 500A is the width of the source region or the width of the drain region in the direction perpendicular to the channel length direction. That is, the channel width is the width of the region where the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542a are in contact, or the width of the region where the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542b are in contact in the direction perpendicular to the channel length direction.
- the channel width of the transistor 500A is described as the width of a region where the metal oxide 533 and the conductor 542b are in contact with each other in a direction perpendicular to the channel length direction.
- the channel width W500 of the transistor 500A is indicated by a solid double-headed arrow.
- the channel width W500 is the length of the lower end of the conductor 542b on the opening 603 side in plan view.
- the channel width W500 is determined by the planar shape of the opening 603.
- the width D500 of the opening 603 is indicated by a double-dashed double arrow.
- the width D500 indicates the short side of the smallest rectangle circumscribing the opening 603 in plan view.
- the width D500 of the opening 603 is equal to or larger than the limit resolution of the exposure apparatus.
- the width D500 is, for example, preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 5.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.5 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 4.0 ⁇ m. It is preferably less than .5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 3.0 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.5 ⁇ m, even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m or more and less than 2.0 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 0.20 ⁇ m.
- 1.5 ⁇ m or more is preferable, more preferably 0.30 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.5 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.30 ⁇ m or more and 1.2 ⁇ m or less, even more preferably 0.40 ⁇ m or more and 1.2 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.30 ⁇ m or more and less than 1.2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is preferably .40 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.50 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the width D500 corresponds to the diameter of the opening 603
- the channel width W500 can be equal to the length of the outer circumference of the opening 603 in plan view, and can be calculated as "D500 ⁇ ".
- the size of the transistor 500A is small, by applying the transistor 500A to the element layer 700, a semiconductor device with high storage density can be provided. Further, since the transistor 500A operates quickly, by applying the transistor 500A to a semiconductor device, a semiconductor device with high driving speed can be provided. Further, since the electrical characteristics of the transistor 500A are stable, by applying the transistor 500A to a semiconductor device, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided. Further, since the amount of off-state current of the transistor 500A is small, by applying the transistor 500A to a semiconductor device, a semiconductor device with low power consumption can be provided.
- the carrier concentration in the channel formation region of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 , and even more preferably 1 ⁇ It is less than 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 , and more than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 . Note that in the case of lowering the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor film, the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- low impurity concentration and low defect level density are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic.
- an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is sometimes referred to as a high-purity intrinsic or a substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- a high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductor has a low defect level density
- the trap level density may also be low.
- charges captured in trap levels of an oxide semiconductor may take a long time to disappear, and may behave as if they were fixed charges. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap level density may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- the impurity in the oxide semiconductor refers to, for example, a substance other than the main component that constitutes the oxide semiconductor.
- an element having a concentration of less than 0.1 atomic % can be considered an impurity.
- V OH oxygen vacancy in an oxide semiconductor
- the donor concentration in the channel formation region may increase.
- the threshold voltage may vary. Therefore, if the channel formation region in the oxide semiconductor contains oxygen vacancies, the transistor exhibits normally-on characteristics (a channel exists even when no voltage is applied to the gate electrode, and current flows through the transistor). It's easy to become. Therefore, impurities, oxygen vacancies, and V OH are preferably reduced as much as possible in the channel formation region in the oxide semiconductor.
- the band gap of the oxide semiconductor is preferably larger than the band gap of silicon (typically 1.1 eV), preferably 2 eV or more, more preferably 2.5 eV or more, and even more preferably 3.0 eV or more. It is.
- off-state current also referred to as Ioff
- Ioff off-state current
- Si transistors As transistors become smaller, a short channel effect (also referred to as SCE) occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to miniaturize Si transistors.
- SCE short channel effect
- silicon has a small band gap.
- an OS transistor uses an oxide semiconductor, which is a semiconductor material with a large band gap, short channel effects can be suppressed. In other words, an OS transistor is a transistor that has no short channel effect or has very little short channel effect.
- the short channel effect is a deterioration in electrical characteristics that becomes apparent as transistors become smaller (reduction in channel length).
- Specific examples of short channel effects include a decrease in threshold voltage, an increase in subthreshold swing value (sometimes referred to as S value), and an increase in leakage current.
- the S value refers to the amount of change in gate voltage in a subthreshold region that causes a drain current to change by one order of magnitude with a constant drain voltage.
- characteristic length is widely used as an index of resistance to short channel effects.
- the characteristic length is an index of the bendability of the potential in the channel forming region. The smaller the characteristic length, the more steeply the potential rises, so it can be said to be resistant to short channel effects.
- the OS transistor is an accumulation type transistor, and the Si transistor is an inversion type transistor. Therefore, compared to a Si transistor, an OS transistor has a smaller characteristic length between the source region and the channel forming region and a smaller characteristic length between the drain region and the channel forming region. Therefore, OS transistors are more resistant to short channel effects than Si transistors. That is, when it is desired to manufacture a transistor with a short channel length, an OS transistor is more suitable than a Si transistor.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is lowered until the channel formation region becomes i-type or substantially i-type, conduction in the channel formation region decreases due to the conduction-band-lowering (CBL) effect in short-channel transistors. Since the lower end of the conduction band is lowered, the energy difference at the lower end of the conduction band between the source region or the drain region and the channel formation region may be reduced to 0.1 eV or more and 0.2 eV or less.
- the OS transistor has an n + /n- / n + accumulation type junction-less transistor structure, in which the channel forming region becomes an n - type region and the source and drain regions become n + -type regions, or , n + /n ⁇ /n + storage type non-junction transistor structure.
- the OS transistor By making the OS transistor have the above structure, it can have good electrical characteristics even if the semiconductor device is miniaturized or highly integrated. For example, even if the gate length of the OS transistor is 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, 10 nm or less, 7 nm or less, or 6 nm or less, and it is 1 nm or more, 3 nm or more, or 5 nm or more, good electrical characteristics cannot be obtained. can. On the other hand, since a short channel effect occurs in a Si transistor, it may be difficult to set the gate length to 20 nm or less or 15 nm or less. Therefore, the OS transistor can be suitably used as a transistor having a shorter channel length than a Si transistor. Note that the gate length is the length of the gate electrode in the direction in which carriers move inside the channel formation region during transistor operation, and refers to the width of the bottom surface of the gate electrode in a plan view of the transistor.
- the high frequency characteristics of the transistor can be improved.
- the cutoff frequency of the transistor can be improved.
- the cutoff frequency of the transistor can be set to 50 GHz or more, preferably 100 GHz or more, more preferably 150 GHz or more, for example in a room temperature environment.
- OS transistors have superior effects compared to Si transistors, such as lower off-state current and the ability to manufacture transistors with shorter channel lengths.
- FIG. 23A A perspective view of a board (mounted board 704) on which electronic components 709 are mounted is shown in FIG. 23A.
- An electronic component 709 shown in FIG. 23A includes a semiconductor device 710 within a mold 711. In FIG. 23A, some descriptions are omitted to show the inside of the electronic component 709.
- the electronic component 709 has a land 712 on the outside of the mold 711. Land 712 is electrically connected to electrode pad 713, and electrode pad 713 is electrically connected to semiconductor device 710 via wire 714.
- the electronic component 709 is mounted on the printed circuit board 702, for example.
- a mounting board 704 is completed by combining a plurality of such electronic components and electrically connecting them on the printed circuit board 702.
- the semiconductor device 710 includes a drive circuit layer 715 and an element layer 716.
- the element layer 716 has a structure in which a plurality of memory cell arrays are stacked.
- the structure in which the drive circuit layer 715 and the element layer 716 are stacked can be a monolithic stacked structure.
- each layer can be connected without using a through electrode technology such as TSV (Through Silicon Via) or a bonding technology such as Cu-Cu direct bonding.
- connection wiring etc.
- connection wiring etc.
- TSV through silicon vias
- connection pins By increasing the number of connection pins, parallel operation becomes possible, thereby making it possible to improve the memory bandwidth (also referred to as memory bandwidth).
- the plurality of memory cell arrays included in the element layer 716 be formed using OS transistors, and that the plurality of memory cell arrays be monolithically stacked.
- OS transistors By forming a plurality of memory cell arrays into a monolithic stacked structure, one or both of memory bandwidth and memory access latency can be improved.
- bandwidth is the amount of data transferred per unit time
- access latency is the time from access to the start of data exchange.
- an OS transistor can be said to have a superior structure to a Si transistor.
- the semiconductor device 710 may be referred to as a die.
- a die refers to a chip piece obtained by forming a circuit pattern on, for example, a disk-shaped substrate (also referred to as a wafer) and cutting it into dice in the semiconductor chip manufacturing process.
- semiconductor materials that can be used for the die include silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), and gallium nitride (GaN).
- Si silicon
- SiC silicon carbide
- GaN gallium nitride
- a die obtained from a silicon substrate also referred to as a silicon wafer
- a silicon die is sometimes referred to as a silicon die.
- the electronic component 730 is an example of SiP (System in Package) or MCM (Multi Chip Module).
- an interposer 731 is provided on a package substrate 732 (printed circuit board), and a semiconductor device 735 and a plurality of semiconductor devices 710 are provided on the interposer 731.
- the semiconductor device 710 is used as a high bandwidth memory (HBM).
- the semiconductor device 735 is an integrated circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Can be used.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- a ceramic substrate, a plastic substrate, or a glass epoxy substrate can be used as the package substrate 732.
- the interposer 731 for example, a silicon interposer or a resin interposer can be used.
- the interposer 731 has a plurality of wirings and has a function of electrically connecting a plurality of integrated circuits with different terminal pitches.
- the plurality of wirings are provided in a single layer or in multiple layers.
- the interposer 731 has a function of electrically connecting the integrated circuit provided on the interposer 731 to the electrodes provided on the package substrate 732.
- the interposer is sometimes called a "rewiring board” or an "intermediate board.”
- a through electrode is provided in the interposer 731, and the integrated circuit and the package substrate 732 are electrically connected using the through electrode.
- TSV can also be used as the through electrode.
- HBM In HBM, it is necessary to connect many wires to achieve a wide memory bandwidth. For this reason, an interposer mounting an HBM is required to form fine and high-density wiring. Therefore, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer as the interposer for mounting the HBM.
- a silicon interposer in SiP, MCM, etc. using a silicon interposer, reliability is less likely to deteriorate due to the difference in expansion coefficient between the integrated circuit and the interposer. Furthermore, since the silicon interposer has a highly flat surface, poor connection between the integrated circuit provided on the silicon interposer and the silicon interposer is less likely to occur. In particular, it is preferable to use a silicon interposer in a 2.5D package (2.5-dimensional packaging) in which a plurality of integrated circuits are arranged side by side on an interposer.
- 2.5D package 2.5-dimensional packaging
- a monolithic stacked structure using OS transistors is suitable. It may also be a composite structure in which a memory cell array stacked using TSVs and a memory cell array stacked monolithically are combined.
- a heat sink may be provided overlapping the electronic component 730.
- a heat sink it is preferable that the heights of the integrated circuits provided on the interposer 731 are the same.
- the heights of the semiconductor device 710 and the semiconductor device 735 are the same.
- an electrode 733 may be provided on the bottom of the package board 732.
- FIG. 23B shows an example in which the electrode 733 is formed with a solder ball. By providing solder balls in a matrix on the bottom of the package substrate 732, BGA (Ball Grid Array) mounting can be realized.
- the electrode 733 may be formed of a conductive pin. By providing conductive pins in a matrix on the bottom of the package substrate 732, PGA (Pin Grid Array) mounting can be realized.
- the electronic component 730 can be mounted on other boards using various mounting methods, not limited to BGA and PGA. Examples of implementation methods include SPGA (Staggered Pin Grid Array), LGA (Land Grid Array), QFP (Quad Flat Package), and QFJ (Quad Flat J-lead). package), and QFN (Quad Flat Non-leaded package) can be mentioned.
- FIG. 24A a perspective view of electronic device 6500 is shown in FIG. 24A.
- Electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 24A is a portable information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 includes a housing 6501, a display portion 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, a control device 6509, and the like.
- the control device 6509 includes, for example, one or more selected from a CPU, a GPU, and a storage device.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502, the control device 6509, and the like.
- An electronic device 6600 shown in FIG. 24B is an information terminal that can be used as a notebook computer.
- the electronic device 6600 includes a housing 6611, a keyboard 6612, a pointing device 6613, an external connection port 6614, a display portion 6615, a control device 6616, and the like.
- the control device 6616 includes, for example, one or more selected from a CPU, a GPU, and a storage device.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6615, the control device 6616, and the like. Note that it is preferable to use the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention for the above-described control device 6509 and control device 6616 because power consumption can be reduced.
- FIG. 24C a perspective view of the large computer 5600 is shown in FIG. 24C.
- a plurality of rack-mount computers 5620 are stored in a rack 5610.
- the large computer 5600 may be called a supercomputer.
- the computer 5620 can have the configuration shown in the perspective view shown in FIG. 24D.
- a computer 5620 has a motherboard 5630, and the motherboard 5630 has a plurality of slots 5631 and a plurality of connection terminals.
- a PC card 5621 is inserted into the slot 5631.
- the PC card 5621 has a connection terminal 5623, a connection terminal 5624, and a connection terminal 5625, each of which is connected to the motherboard 5630.
- a PC card 5621 shown in FIG. 24E is an example of a processing board that includes a CPU, a GPU, a storage device, and the like.
- PC card 5621 has a board 5622.
- the board 5622 includes a connection terminal 5623, a connection terminal 5624, a connection terminal 5625, a semiconductor device 5626, a semiconductor device 5627, a semiconductor device 5628, and a connection terminal 5629.
- semiconductor devices other than the semiconductor device 5626, semiconductor device 5627, and semiconductor device 5628 are illustrated in FIG. 24E, these semiconductor devices are as described below. Please refer to the description of semiconductor device 5628.
- connection terminal 5629 has a shape that can be inserted into the slot 5631 of the motherboard 5630, and the connection terminal 5629 functions as an interface for connecting the PC card 5621 and the motherboard 5630.
- Examples of the standard of the connection terminal 5629 include PCIe.
- connection terminal 5623, the connection terminal 5624, and the connection terminal 5625 can be used as an interface for supplying power, inputting signals, etc. to the PC card 5621, for example. Further, for example, it can be used as an interface for outputting a signal calculated by the PC card 5621.
- the respective standards of the connection terminal 5623, connection terminal 5624, and connection terminal 5625 include, for example, USB (Universal Serial Bus), SATA (Serial ATA), SCSI (Small Computer System Interface), etc. Can be mentioned.
- the respective standards include HDMI (registered trademark).
- the semiconductor device 5626 has a terminal (not shown) for inputting and outputting signals, and by inserting the terminal into a socket (not shown) provided on the board 5622, the semiconductor device 5626 and the board 5622 can be connected. Can be electrically connected.
- the semiconductor device 5627 has a plurality of terminals, and the semiconductor device 5627 and the board 5622 are electrically connected by, for example, reflow soldering the terminals to wiring provided on the board 5622. be able to.
- Examples of the semiconductor device 5627 include an FPGA, a GPU, and a CPU.
- an electronic component 730 can be used as the semiconductor device 5627.
- the semiconductor device 5628 has a plurality of terminals, and the semiconductor device 5628 and the board 5622 are electrically connected by, for example, reflow soldering the terminals to wiring provided on the board 5622. be able to.
- Examples of the semiconductor device 5628 include a storage device.
- an electronic component 709 can be used as the semiconductor device 5628.
- the large computer 5600 can also function as a parallel computer. By using the large-scale computer 5600 as a parallel computer, it is possible to perform large-scale calculations necessary for, for example, artificial intelligence learning and inference.
- a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for space equipment such as equipment that processes and stores information.
- a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can include an OS transistor.
- the OS transistor has small variations in electrical characteristics due to radiation irradiation. In other words, since it has high resistance to radiation, it can be suitably used in environments where radiation may be incident. For example, OS transistors can be suitably used when used in outer space.
- FIG. 25 shows an artificial satellite 6800 as an example of space equipment.
- the artificial satellite 6800 includes a body 6801, a solar panel 6802, an antenna 6803, a secondary battery 6805, and a control device 6807.
- a planet 6804 is illustrated in outer space.
- outer space refers to, for example, an altitude of 100 km or more, but outer space described in this specification may include the thermosphere, mesosphere, and stratosphere.
- the secondary battery 6805 may be provided with a battery management system (also referred to as BMS) or a battery control circuit. It is preferable to use an OS transistor in the battery management system or battery control circuit described above because it has low power consumption and high reliability even in outer space.
- BMS battery management system
- OS transistor it is preferable to use an OS transistor in the battery management system or battery control circuit described above because it has low power consumption and high reliability even in outer space.
- outer space is an environment with more than 100 times higher radiation levels than on the ground.
- radiation include electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation) represented by X-rays and gamma rays, and particle radiation represented by alpha rays, beta rays, neutron rays, proton rays, heavy ion rays, meson rays, etc. It will be done.
- the electric power necessary for the operation of the artificial satellite 6800 is generated.
- the power necessary for satellite 6800 to operate may not be generated.
- the solar panel is sometimes called a solar cell module.
- the satellite 6800 can generate signals.
- the signal is transmitted via antenna 6803 and can be received by, for example, a ground-based receiver or other satellite.
- the position of the receiver that received the signal can be measured.
- the artificial satellite 6800 can constitute a satellite positioning system.
- control device 6807 has a function of controlling the artificial satellite 6800.
- the control device 6807 is configured using one or more selected from, for example, a CPU, a GPU, and a storage device.
- a semiconductor device which is one embodiment of the present invention, is preferably used for the control device 6807.
- OS transistors Compared to Si transistors, OS transistors have smaller fluctuations in electrical characteristics due to radiation irradiation. In other words, it is highly reliable and can be suitably used even in environments where radiation may be incident.
- the artificial satellite 6800 can be configured to include a sensor.
- the artificial satellite 6800 can have a function of detecting sunlight reflected by hitting an object provided on the ground.
- the artificial satellite 6800 can have a function of detecting thermal infrared rays emitted from the earth's surface.
- the artificial satellite 6800 can have the function of, for example, an earth observation satellite.
- an artificial satellite is illustrated as an example of space equipment, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for space equipment such as a spacecraft, a space capsule, and a space probe.
- OS transistors have superior effects compared to Si transistors, such as being able to realize a wide memory bandwidth and having high radiation resistance.
- a semiconductor device can be suitably used in, for example, a storage system applied to a data center or the like.
- Data centers are required to perform long-term data management, including ensuring data immutability.
- it is necessary to install storage and servers to store huge amounts of data, secure a stable power supply to retain data, or secure cooling equipment required to retain data, etc. due to large buildings. ization is required.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention in a storage system applied to a data center, the power required to hold data can be reduced and the semiconductor device that holds data can be made smaller. Therefore, it is possible to downsize the storage system, downsize the power supply for holding data, and downsize the cooling equipment. Therefore, it is possible to save space in the data center.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention consumes less power, heat generation from the circuit can be reduced. Therefore, the adverse effect of the heat generation on the circuit itself, peripheral circuits, and module can be reduced. Furthermore, by using the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention, a data center that operates stably even in a high-temperature environment can be realized. Therefore, the reliability of the data center can be improved.
- FIG. 26 shows a storage system applicable to data centers.
- the storage system 7000 shown in FIG. 26 has a plurality of servers 7001sb as hosts 7001 (shown as Host Computer). It also includes a plurality of storage devices 7003md as storage 7003 (shown as Storage).
- a host 7001 and a storage 7003 are shown connected via a storage area network 7004 (SAN: Storage Area Network) and a storage control circuit 7002 (Storage Controller).
- SAN Storage Area Network
- Storage Controller Storage Controller
- the host 7001 corresponds to a computer that accesses data stored in the storage 7003.
- the hosts 7001 may be connected to each other via a network.
- the storage 7003 uses flash memory to shorten the data access speed, that is, the time required to store and output data, this time is the same as the time required by DRAM, which can be used as a cache memory in the storage. It is much longer than .
- a cache memory is usually provided in the storage to shorten data storage and output.
- the cache memory described above is used in the storage control circuit 7002 and the storage 7003. Data exchanged between the host 7001 and the storage 7003 is stored in the storage control circuit 7002 and the cache memory in the storage 7003, and then output to the host 7001 or the storage 7003.
- an OS transistor as a transistor for storing data in the cache memory described above and maintaining a potential according to the data, the frequency of refreshing can be reduced and power consumption can be reduced. Further, size reduction is possible by using a structure in which memory cell arrays are stacked.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention by applying the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention to one or more selected from electronic components, electronic devices, large computers, space equipment, and data centers, power consumption can be reduced. There is expected. Therefore, as energy demand is expected to increase due to higher performance or higher integration of semiconductor devices, the use of the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention will reduce the greenhouse effect typified by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). It also becomes possible to reduce the amount of gas discharged. Further, since the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention has low power consumption, it is effective as a countermeasure against global warming.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- each embodiment can be appropriately combined with the structure shown in other embodiments to form one aspect of the present invention. Further, when a plurality of configuration examples are shown in one embodiment, it is possible to combine the configuration examples as appropriate.
- the content described in one embodiment may be a part of the content
- another content may be a part of the content
- one or more of the content described in that embodiment It is possible to apply, combine, or replace the content (or even part of the content) described in another embodiment.
- figure (which may be a part) described in one embodiment may refer to another part of that figure, another figure (which may be a part) described in that embodiment, and/or one or more figures.
- figures (or even some of them) described in the other embodiments more figures can be constructed.
- electrode and “wiring” do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the term “electrode” or “wiring” includes cases where a plurality of “electrodes” or “wirings” are formed integrally.
- Voltage refers to a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is a ground voltage (earth voltage)
- voltage can be translated into potential.
- Ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V. Note that the potential is relative, and depending on the reference potential, the potential applied to the wiring etc. may be changed.
- a switch refers to a switch that is in a conductive state (on state) or a non-conductive state (off state) and has the function of controlling whether or not current flows.
- switch refers to something that has the function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows.
- the channel length of a planar transistor refers to, for example, the region where the semiconductor (or the part of the semiconductor where current flows when the transistor is on) and the gate overlap in a top view of the transistor; Alternatively, it refers to the distance between the source and drain in a region where a channel is formed.
- the channel width refers to, for example, the region where the semiconductor (or the part of the semiconductor where current flows when the transistor is on) and the gate electrode overlap, or the region where the channel is formed. This is the length of the part where the drain and the drain face each other.
- a node can be translated as a terminal, wiring, electrode, conductive layer, conductor, impurity region, etc., depending on the circuit configuration, device structure, etc. Furthermore, terminals, wiring, etc. can be referred to as nodes.
- a and B are connected means that A and B are electrically connected.
- a and B when A and B are electrically connected, it refers to an object between A and B (an element such as a switch, a transistor element, or a diode, or a circuit including the element and wiring).
- a connection that allows transmission of electrical signals between A and B.
- a connection that is possible.
- direct connection refers to a connection that can be viewed as the same circuit diagram when expressed as an equivalent circuit.
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Abstract
Description
図2Aは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するブロック図である。図2Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するタイミングチャートである。
図3Aは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するブロック図である。図3Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するタイミングチャートである。
図4Aは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するブロック図である。図4Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図5Aは、半導体装置の構成例を説明するブロック図である。図5Bおよび図5Cは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する回路図である。
図6は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する回路図である。
図7Aおよび図7Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する模式図である。
図8Aおよび図8Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する模式図である。
図9は、半導体装置の構成例を説明するブロック図である。
図10A乃至図10Eは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する回路図である。
図11Aおよび図11Bは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する模式図である。
図12は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図13は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図14A乃至図14Cは、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図15は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図16は、記憶装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図17Aは、記憶装置の構成例を説明する図である。図17Bは、記憶装置の等価回路を説明する図である。
図18は、記憶装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図19Aは、記憶装置の構成例を説明する図である。図19Bは、記憶装置の等価回路を説明する図である。
図20は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面模式図である。
図21A乃至図21Cは、半導体装置に含まれるトランジスタの構成例を示す平面図であり、図21Dは、半導体装置に含まれるトランジスタの構成例を示す断面図である。
図22Aは、半導体装置に含まれるトランジスタの構成例を示す平面図であり、図22Bは、半導体装置に含まれるトランジスタの構成例を示す断面図である。
図23A及び図23Bは、電子部品の一例を示す図である。
図24A及び図24Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図であり、図24C乃至図24Eは、大型計算機の一例を示す図である。
図25は、宇宙用機器の一例を示す図である。
図26は、データセンターに適用可能なストレージシステムの一例を示す図である。
本発明の一態様で説明する半導体装置は、演算装置、記憶装置等がバス配線を介してデータの入出力を行うSoC(System on Chip)としての機能を有する。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した半導体装置に適用可能なトランジスタの構成について説明する。一例として、異なる電気特性を有するトランジスタを積層して設ける構成について説明する。当該構成とすることで、半導体装置の設計自由度を高めることができる。また、異なる電気特性を有するトランジスタを積層して設けることで、半導体装置の集積度を高めることができる。
本実施の形態では、記憶装置等に適用可能な積層されたOSトランジスタを有する素子層の断面構成例について説明する。本実施の形態では、DOSRAMおよびNOSRAMといった回路構成に適用可能な断面模式図の一例について説明する。
図16に、DOSRAMの回路構成を用いた場合の断面構成例を示す。図16では、素子層701の上に素子層700[1]乃至素子層700[4]が積層されている場合を例示している。
図18に、NOSRAMのメモリセルの回路構成を用いた場合の断面構成例を示す。なお、図18は、図16の変形例でもある。また、図19Aに素子層700[k]の断面構造例を示す。また、図19Bに、図19Aの等価回路図を示す。
次に、図16乃至図19A、図19Bとは異なる、本発明の一態様の記憶装置等に適用可能な積層されたOSトランジスタを有する素子層の断面構成例を図20に示す。図20に示す記憶装置10Vは、図20に図示する素子層700[1]乃至素子層700[3]に備わるメモリセルMCにおいて、容量素子CがトランジスタM1の下方に設けられている。
本実施の形態では、チャネル形成領域に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ(OSトランジスタ)について、説明する。なお、OSトランジスタの説明において、チャネル形成領域にシリコンを有するトランジスタ(Siトランジスタともいう)との比較についても簡単に説明する。
OSトランジスタには、キャリア濃度の低い酸化物半導体を用いることが好ましい。例えば、酸化物半導体のチャネル形成領域のキャリア濃度は1×1018cm−3以下、好ましくは1×1017cm−3未満、より好ましくは1×1016cm−3未満、さらに好ましくは1×1013cm−3未満、さらに好ましくは1×1010cm−3未満であり、1×10−9cm−3以上である。なお、酸化物半導体膜のキャリア濃度を低くする場合においては、酸化物半導体膜中の不純物濃度を低くし、欠陥準位密度を低くすればよい。本明細書等において、不純物濃度が低く、欠陥準位密度の低いことを高純度真性又は実質的に高純度真性と言う。なお、キャリア濃度の低い酸化物半導体を、高純度真性又は実質的に高純度真性な酸化物半導体と呼ぶ場合がある。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した半導体装置を用いることができる、電子部品、電子機器、大型計算機、宇宙用機器、およびデータセンター(Data Center:DCとも呼称する)について説明する。本発明の一態様の半導体装置を用いた、電子部品、電子機器、大型計算機、宇宙用機器、およびデータセンターは、低消費電力化といった高性能化に有効である。
電子部品709が実装された基板(実装基板704)の斜視図を、図23Aに示す。図23Aに示す電子部品709は、モールド711内に半導体装置710を有している。図23Aは、電子部品709の内部を示すために、一部の記載を省略している。電子部品709は、モールド711の外側にランド712を有する。ランド712は電極パッド713と電気的に接続され、電極パッド713は半導体装置710とワイヤ714を介して電気的に接続されている。電子部品709は、例えばプリント基板702に実装される。このような電子部品が複数組み合わされて、それぞれがプリント基板702上で電気的に接続されることで実装基板704が完成する。
次に、電子機器6500の斜視図を図24Aに示す。図24Aに示す電子機器6500は、スマートフォンとして用いることのできる携帯情報端末機である。電子機器6500は、筐体6501、表示部6502、電源ボタン6503、ボタン6504、スピーカ6505、マイク6506、カメラ6507、光源6508、及び制御装置6509などを有する。なお、制御装置6509としては、例えば、CPU、GPU、及び記憶装置の中から選ばれるいずれか一または複数を有する。本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、表示部6502、制御装置6509などに適用することができる。
次に、大型計算機5600の斜視図を図24Cに示す。図24Cに示す大型計算機5600には、ラック5610にラックマウント型の計算機5620が複数格納されている。なお、大型計算機5600を、スーパーコンピュータと呼称してもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、情報を処理および記憶する機器などの宇宙用機器に好適に用いることができる。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、例えば、データセンターなどに適用されるストレージシステムに好適に用いることができる。データセンターは、データの不変性を保障するなど、データの長期的な管理を行うことが求められる。長期的なデータを管理する場合、膨大なデータを記憶するためのストレージおよびサーバの設置、データを保持するための安定した電源の確保、あるいはデータの保持に要する冷却設備の確保、など建屋の大型化が必要となる。
以上の実施の形態、及び実施の形態における各構成の説明について、以下に付記する。
Claims (7)
- 演算装置と、バス配線と、記憶装置と、を有し、
前記記憶装置は、複数の読み出し回路を有する第1素子層と、複数のセルアレイを有する第2素子層と、を有し、
前記読み出し回路はそれぞれ、センスアンプを有し、
前記セルアレイはそれぞれ、メモリセルを有し、
前記第2素子層は、前記第1素子層上に重ねて設けられ、
前記メモリセルと、前記センスアンプと、は、ビット線を介して電気的に接続され、
前記記憶装置は、前記バス配線を介して、前記演算装置と電気的に接続され、
複数の前記セルアレイの一に保持されるデータは、複数の前記読み出し回路の一を介して、前記バス配線に出力される、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記バス配線に出力される前記データは、8ビットの倍数のビット幅で出力される、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1素子層は、入出力回路を有し、
前記入出力回路は、複数のインターフェース回路を有する、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記読み出し回路はそれぞれ、プリチャージ回路を有する、半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1素子層は、チャネル形成領域を有する第1半導体層がシリコンを有する第1トランジスタを有し、
前記第2素子層は、チャネル形成領域を有する第2半導体層が酸化物半導体を有する第2トランジスタを有する、半導体装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記酸化物半導体は、In、Ga、及びZnを有する、半導体装置。 - 請求項5において、前記メモリセルは、容量素子および前記第2トランジスタを有し、
前記容量素子は、第1導電体と、第2導電体と、第1絶縁体と、第2絶縁体と、を有し、
前記第2トランジスタは、前記第2導電体と、第3導電体と、第4導電体と、第3絶縁体と、第4絶縁体と、前記第2半導体層と、を有し、
前記第1絶縁体は、第1開口を有し、
前記第1導電体は、前記第1開口の側面及び底面と、前記第1絶縁体の上面と、に位置し、
前記第2絶縁体は、前記第1絶縁体の上面と、前記第1導電体の上面及び側面と、に位置し、
前記第2導電体は、前記第2絶縁体の上面及び側面のうち、前記第1導電体と重なる領域に位置し、
前記第3絶縁体は、前記第2導電体の上面に位置し、
前記第3導電体は、前記第3絶縁体の上面に位置し、
前記第3絶縁体及び前記第3導電体は、第2開口を有し、
前記第2半導体層は、前記第2開口の側面と、前記第2導電体の上面と、前記第3導電体の上面及び側面と、に位置し、
前記第4絶縁体は、前記第2半導体層の上面及び側面と、前記第3導電体の上面と、に位置し、
前記第4導電体は、前記第4絶縁体の上面及び側面のうち、前記第2半導体層と重なる領域に位置する、半導体装置。
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| KR1020257004933A KR20250043443A (ko) | 2022-08-02 | 2023-07-20 | 반도체 장치 |
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| JPH0567030A (ja) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アドレス制御方式 |
| JP2019061677A (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 積層型メモリ装置及びその動作方法並びにメモリシステム |
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| JP2012256821A (ja) | 2010-09-13 | 2012-12-27 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 記憶装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0567030A (ja) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | アドレス制御方式 |
| JP2019061677A (ja) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 積層型メモリ装置及びその動作方法並びにメモリシステム |
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| WO2026009118A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-05 | 2026-01-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 記憶装置 |
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