WO2024017046A1 - 开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统 - Google Patents

开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024017046A1
WO2024017046A1 PCT/CN2023/105364 CN2023105364W WO2024017046A1 WO 2024017046 A1 WO2024017046 A1 WO 2024017046A1 CN 2023105364 W CN2023105364 W CN 2023105364W WO 2024017046 A1 WO2024017046 A1 WO 2024017046A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
air channel
arc
arc extinguishing
switch unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105364
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆佳俊
钟允攀
晏国云
彭委建
于贻鹏
王龙江
巴黎
蒋武山
Original Assignee
上海良信电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210864964.5A external-priority patent/CN115188615A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210865766.0A external-priority patent/CN115064403A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202321264101.0U external-priority patent/CN220106347U/zh
Application filed by 上海良信电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海良信电器股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024017046A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024017046A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of electrical appliance technology, specifically to switch units, isolation switches and power supply systems.
  • the isolating switch is a switching device that isolates power supply, switches on and off, and is used to connect and cut off small current circuits. It is one of the essential electrical components of the control circuit and plays a role in control and protection in the power system. It is widely used in many production processes and technical equipment.
  • the isolating switch When the isolating switch is in the open position, there is an insulation distance between the contacts that meets the specified requirements and an obvious disconnection mark; when in the closed position, it can carry the current under normal circuit conditions and abnormal conditions (such as short circuit) within the specified time. current below.
  • the rotary isolating switch consists of a shell and a contact assembly arranged in the shell.
  • the contact assembly includes a contact support and a contact support set in the shell.
  • the movable contact on the side of the casing is provided with a static contact for electrical conduction with the movable contact.
  • the operating mechanism drives the contact to support rotation, so that the movable contact rotates inside the casing to contact or separate from the static contact, thereby achieving contact.
  • the function of connecting or isolating the conductive circuit When the moving contact and the static contact are separated, an arc will be generated.
  • the arc is a beam of high-temperature plasma.
  • the isolating switch includes a plurality of switch units arranged in a stack. An arc space is provided inside the casing of the switch unit to communicate with the outside world. The arc generated when the moving and static contacts are opened leaves the casing through the arc space.
  • a permanent magnet is installed at the position where the movable contact and the stationary contact are in contact and the arc is extinguished by drawing the arc, but the arc extinguishing effect is limited.
  • the relevant switch unit usually has multiple permanent magnets distributed in sequence outside the arcing space of the casing to guide the arc into the arcing space and move within the arcing space.
  • permanent magnet arc extinguishing technology can often only be applied to low voltages.
  • the arc extinguishing grid will produce resistance to the arc, causing the arc at both ends of the arc to It is difficult for the roots to enter the arc extinguishing area, resulting in the arc extinguishing advantages of the grid being unable to be exerted.
  • air channels are respectively provided in the areas corresponding to the closing and opening positions on the other side of the arc extinguishing chamber to increase air blowing. function to speed up the arc root entering the arc extinguishing chamber.
  • the inner wall of the casing of the isolating switch is roughly linear, while the edge of the arc-extinguishing chamber is irregular in shape, such as an arc. This causes the distance between the edge of the arc-extinguishing chamber and the inner wall of the casing to constantly change. When the distance between them is large, it may cause the arc to leave the arc extinguishing chamber in advance, and better arc extinguishing effect cannot be achieved.
  • One aspect of the present application provides a switch unit, an isolation switch and a power supply system, which can at least improve the arc extinguishing effect of the switch unit.
  • a switch unit may include a housing having a cavity, and static contacts are disposed in offset positions on the two side walls of the housing that are oppositely arranged along the first direction.
  • the static contacts extend into the chamber, and a movable contact that is driven to rotate is set up in the chamber.
  • the two ends of the movable contacts contact the static contacts on both sides respectively to present a closing state or separate to present an opening state.
  • the angle between the extending direction of the movable contact and the second direction is between 15° and 65°.
  • Arc extinguishing chambers are provided on opposite sides of the chamber along the second direction, and the arc extinguishing chambers are arranged away from the static contact and the movable contact.
  • One side of the contact is extended and arranged along the rotation direction of the movable contact, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber may include a first section arranged along the rotation direction of the movable contact and a second section connected to the first section.
  • the first section is arranged close to the stationary contact, and the first section is connected to the stationary contact.
  • the projections of the contacts along the second direction partially overlap, the first section is provided with a plurality of first grid pieces with a first preset angle, the second section is provided with a plurality of second grid pieces extending along the radial direction of the chamber, the first The curvature of the segment is smaller than the curvature of the second segment.
  • the first segment may include a straight line segment or a first arc segment
  • the second segment may include a second arc segment, wherein the curvature of the first arc segment is smaller than the curvature of the second arc segment
  • the end surfaces of the first grid piece and the second grid piece facing the movable contact may be concave to form a first notch, and a part of the bottom wall of the first notch is concave to form a second notch.
  • the two second notches are staggered in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the plane where the first direction and the second direction are located.
  • the ratio of the shortest distance between two adjacent second notches along the third direction to the distance between two adjacent grid pieces is Y, where 0.2 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1.5.
  • the first notch may also include side walls connected to both ends of the bottom wall, the side walls extend along the second direction, and the angle between the side walls and the bottom wall is between 110° and 150°. .
  • the movable contact is driven to rotate so that the end of the movable contact passes through the first gap, and the distance between the end of the movable contact and the side wall of the first gap can be 0.4 to 4 mm. between.
  • the second grid piece may include first long grid pieces and first short grid pieces arranged alternately at intervals, and the ends of the first long grid piece and the first short grid piece away from the movable contact are located at the same
  • the distance between the end of the first long grid piece close to the movable contact and the rotation center of the movable contact is a
  • the distance between the end of the first short grid piece close to the movable contact and the rotation center of the movable contact is The distance is b, a ⁇ b.
  • the switch unit may further include a third grid piece disposed on the side of the second section away from the first section.
  • the third grid piece includes a grid portion extending along the radial direction of the chamber and a moving element close to the grid portion.
  • the bent portion is connected to the end of the contact, and there is a preset distance between the bent portion and the end of the movable contact.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber may further include a gas generating part disposed on one side of the first grid plate and the second grid plate close to the center of the chamber, and the gas generating part includes ends respectively on both sides of the first gap.
  • a gas generating part disposed on one side of the first grid plate and the second grid plate close to the center of the chamber, and the gas generating part includes ends respectively on both sides of the first gap.
  • the opposite side walls of the two gas-generating plates have bosses protruding toward the other gas-generating plate respectively.
  • the bosses extend along the extending direction of the gas-generating plates.
  • the bosses are arranged on the gas-generating plates along the chamber. Radial middle.
  • the ratio of the distance between the two bosses to the length of the grid along the third direction may be between 15% and 45%.
  • the part of the static contact extending into the chamber may be a contact part, and an arc-starting piece is provided on the side of the contact part away from the chamber.
  • the arc-starting piece includes a connecting part, an arc-starting part, and a connecting part connected in sequence.
  • the cut-off part, the connection part and the contact part are parallel, the arc-starting part extends in a direction away from the chamber, the cut-off part is parallel to the first grid piece, and the connection point of the connection part and the arc-start part is flush with the end point of the contact part.
  • the first section may include a short gate section and an alternating section connected to the short gate section.
  • the alternating section is connected to the second section.
  • the short gate section overlaps with the projection of the arc starting part along the second direction.
  • the alternating section The segment includes second long grating pieces and second short grating pieces arranged alternately at intervals.
  • the short grating segment includes a plurality of third short grating pieces. The second long grating piece, the second short grating piece and the third short grating piece constitute the first Grid piece.
  • the isolating switch may include a plurality of stacked switch units according to one aspect of the present application, an operating mechanism, and a handle connected to the operating mechanism.
  • the moving contacts in each switch unit are connected through the contact bracket, which is connected to the operating mechanism.
  • the handle drives the contact bracket to rotate through the operating mechanism, and the rotation of the contact bracket drives the moving contact to contact or separate from the static contact.
  • the switch unit provided by this application includes a casing with a chamber.
  • Static contacts are disposed on opposite side walls of the casing along a first direction.
  • the static contacts extend into the chamber.
  • a driven and rotating switch is provided in the chamber. Moving contact, the two ends of the moving contact contact the static contacts on both sides respectively during rotation to present a closing state or separate to present an opening state.
  • the extension direction of the movable contact is in the same direction as the second direction.
  • the included angle is between 15° and 65°.
  • Arc extinguishing chambers are provided on opposite sides of the chamber along the second direction. The arc extinguishing chambers are arranged on the side of the static contact away from the movable contact and extend along the rotation direction of the movable contact.
  • the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the arc is a high-temperature plasma. Due to the high temperature, the air pressure where the arc is generated rises instantly, and due to the air pressure difference, the arc will Flows in the direction of low air pressure. Since the arc extinguishing chamber is set on the side of the static contact away from the movable contact, the arc flows into the arc extinguishing chamber. The arc extinguishing chamber can extinguish the arc, thereby avoiding the arc's damage to the inside of the switch unit. damage to the components.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact and the second direction is between 15° and 65°. That is, when an arc occurs, the angle of the movable contact The angle between the extension direction and the second direction is between 15° and 65°. At this time, it can not only make the arc move toward the arc extinguishing chamber more easily, so that the arc quickly enters the arc extinguishing chamber, but also increase the space occupied by the arc extinguishing chamber. This allows a larger arc extinguishing chamber to be placed in a limited chamber, thereby improving the arc extinguishing capability.
  • Another aspect of this application provides a switch unit, isolating switch and power supply system, which can introduce the arc roots at the closing position and the opening position into the arc extinguishing area, and has better arc extinguishing performance.
  • a switch unit may include a housing, a movable contact bracket, a movable contact and a stationary contact that cooperate with each other.
  • the movable contact passes through the movable contact.
  • the head bracket is rotated and set in the housing, and the static contact is fixed in the housing.
  • the housing is divided into an arc extinguishing area, which extends from the closing position to the opening position.
  • the housing is provided with a first housing air channel and a second The shell air channel, the shell air channel inlet of the first shell air channel is connected with the arc extinguishing area and is located at the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the closing position, and the shell air channel inlet of the second shell air channel is connected with the arc extinguishing area.
  • the arc area is connected and located at the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the opening position.
  • the shell air channel outlet of the first shell air channel and the shell air channel outlet of the second shell air channel are located at the shell spray arc of the shell. on the side wall.
  • the first housing air channel and the second housing air channel converge in the arc extinguishing area and then extend to the spray arc side wall, and the housing air channel outlet of the second housing air channel reuses the first housing air channel.
  • channel housing air channel outlet the housing air channel outlet.
  • a Tesla valve is provided on the side wall of the first housing air channel and/or the second housing air channel near the convergence position, and the Tesla valve is used to drive the first housing air channel and/or the second housing air channel.
  • shell airway The arc inside moves from the casing air duct inlet to the casing air duct outlet.
  • arc-shaped protrusions are provided on the side walls of the first housing air passage and/or the second housing air passage near the entrance of the housing air passage, and the arc-shaped protrusions are used to deflect arc particles leaving the arc extinguishing area. and/or fluid enters the first housing airway or the second housing airway.
  • the cross-sectional area of the housing air channel inlet of the first housing air channel is larger than the cross-sectional area of the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel, and the cross-sectional area of the housing air channel inlet of the second housing air channel is larger than that of the first housing air channel.
  • the cross-sectional area of the shell air passage outlet is larger than the cross-sectional area of the shell air passage outlet.
  • the Tesla valves include multiple Tesla valves.
  • the multiple Tesla valves are sequentially spaced from the convergence position to the housing airway inlet of the first housing airway or the second housing airway, and are staggeredly arranged at the first housing airway or the second housing airway.
  • an arc extinguishing chamber is provided in the arc extinguishing area, the entrance of the arc extinguishing chamber extends from the closing position to the opening position, and the outlet of the arc extinguishing chamber is connected with the air of the first housing air channel and the second housing air channel. The entrance is connected.
  • the closing position and the opening position are respectively provided with arc-starting blades.
  • the arc-starting blades located at the closing position extend toward the housing air passage inlet of the first housing air passage, and the arc-starting blades located at the opening position The arc blade extends toward the housing air passage inlet of the second housing air passage.
  • both the movable contact and the stationary contact include two, the two stationary contacts are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, and cooperate with the two movable contacts respectively, and the arc extinguishing area includes the first arc extinguishing area.
  • Arc area and second arc extinguishing area the first arc extinguishing area corresponds to one set of movable contacts and static contacts, and the second arc extinguishing area corresponds to another set of movable contacts and static contacts.
  • the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the first casing air duct connected to the first arc extinguishing area and the first side of the casing arc spray side wall where it is located is equal to the distance between the casing air duct outlet and the second arc extinguishing area.
  • the distance between the air channel outlet and the first side of the arc spray side wall of the housing is equal to the shell air channel outlet of the second housing air channel connected to the second arc extinguishing area and the arc spray side wall of the housing where it is located.
  • the distance between the first side of The side is parallel to the rotation axis of the moving contact bracket.
  • the first housing air channel connected to the first arc extinguishing area and the first housing air channel connected to the second arc extinguishing area are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, and are arranged symmetrically with the first arc extinguishing area.
  • the second housing air channel connected to the area and the second housing air channel connected to the second arc extinguishing area are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket.
  • the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel and the housing air channel outlet of the second housing air channel are both located on the center line of the spray arc side wall of the housing.
  • the arc spray side wall of the housing has a first side and a second side parallel to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, and the first housing air channel and the second housing are connected to the first arc extinguishing area.
  • the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the air duct and the first side is respectively greater than the casing air duct outlet and the second side of the first casing air duct and the second casing air duct connected to the first arc extinguishing area. The distance between sides.
  • the arc spray side wall of the housing has a first side and a second side parallel to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, and the first housing air channel and the second housing are connected to the first arc extinguishing area.
  • the distance between the shell air channel outlet of the air channel and the first side is respectively smaller than the shell air channel outlet and the second side of the first shell air channel and the second shell air channel connected to the first arc extinguishing area. The distance between sides.
  • an isolating switch may include a handle, an operating mechanism and a plurality of stacked switch units according to another aspect of the present application.
  • the handle and The operating mechanism is driven and connected to the movable contacts in each layer of switch units.
  • the bottom of the housing of the switch unit is provided with a first housing boss and a second housing boss, and the first housing boss and the second housing boss respectively extend into the housing adjacent to the housing. in the first housing air passage and the second housing air passage of another housing to seal the tops of the first housing air passage and the second housing air passage in the other housing.
  • a switch unit provided according to another aspect of the present application includes a housing, a moving contact bracket, a matching moving contact and a static contact.
  • the moving contact is rotated and arranged in the housing through the moving contact bracket, and the static contact It is fixed in the shell, and the arc extinguishing area is divided into the shell.
  • the arc extinguishing area extends from the closing position to the opening position.
  • the first shell air channel and the second shell air channel are provided in the shell.
  • the air channel inlet of the second housing is connected to the arc extinguishing area and is located on the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the closing position.
  • the air channel inlet of the second housing is connected to the arc extinguishing area and is located near the opening position of the arc extinguishing area.
  • the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel and the housing air channel outlet of the second housing air channel are located on the spray arc side wall of the housing.
  • the above-mentioned switch unit is provided with a first housing air channel and a second housing air channel at positions corresponding to the closing position and the opening position outside the arc extinguishing area, so as to increase the arc extinguishing inlet of the arc extinguishing area at the closing position.
  • the air blowing effect at the opening position speeds up the arc root entering the arc extinguishing area, and has better arc extinguishing performance.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a switch unit and an isolation switch, which can prevent the arc from leaving the arc extinguishing chamber in advance and have a better arc extinguishing effect.
  • a switch unit may include: a housing, a movable contact bracket rotated in the housing, a movable contact, and a movable contact respectively opposite to the movable contact.
  • Two static contacts matched at both ends; the housing is also equipped with two arc extinguishing units, a first air channel, a second air channel, a third air channel and a fourth air channel.
  • the two arc extinguishing units are located at the movable contact respectively.
  • the opposite sides of the head bracket extend from the closing position to the opening position.
  • the first air channel and the second air channel are connected to an arc extinguishing unit and are respectively located at the closing position.
  • the third air channel and the fourth air channel are connected to another arc extinguishing unit and are located at the closing position and the opening position respectively, the first air channel, the second air channel, the third air channel and The air channel outlet of the fourth air channel is located on the spray arc side wall of the housing; a curved boss is provided at the air channel inlet of at least one of the first air channel, the second air channel, the third air channel and the fourth air channel. , the side surfaces of the curved boss at least partially tend to wrap around the arc extinguishing unit to guide the arc to move along the arc extinguishing unit.
  • an internal area of at least one of the first air channel, the second air channel, the third air channel and the fourth air channel is arranged in a serpentine shape to extend the stroke of the gas generated by arc extinguishing within the housing.
  • a plurality of first bosses and second bosses are staggered on two opposite side walls of at least one of the first airway, the second airway, the third airway and the fourth airway.
  • the orthographic projections of the two adjacent first bosses and the second bosses in the extension direction of the linear airway partially overlap.
  • the airway entrance of at least one of the first airway, the second airway, the third airway and the fourth airway is trumpet-shaped, and the trumpet-shaped airway entrance is away from the width of the airway outlet side Greater than the width of the side of the airway entrance close to the airway outlet.
  • a flame extinguishing grid is provided on the longitudinal section of at least one of the first air channel, the second air channel, the third air channel and the fourth air channel, and the flame extinguishing grid is in a mesh shape and is used to absorb metal particles. .
  • the two arc extinguishing units, the first air channel, the third air channel, the second air channel and the fourth air channel are all symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket.
  • the spray arc side wall includes a first spray arc side wall and a second spray arc side wall that are arranged oppositely, and the air channel outlets of the first air channel and the fourth air channel are located on the first spray arc side wall, and the second spray arc side wall The air channel and the air channel outlet of the third air channel are located on the side wall of the second spray arc.
  • a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal are respectively provided on the first spray arc side wall and the second spray arc side wall, and the air channel outlets of the first air channel and the fourth air channel are respectively located on the first connection terminal.
  • the air channel outlets of the second air channel and the third air channel are respectively located on opposite sides of the second terminal.
  • a first isolation cavity and a second isolation cavity are respectively provided on the first spray arc side wall and the second spray arc side wall, the first connection terminal is located in the first isolation cavity, and the second connection terminal is located in the second isolation cavity.
  • the first isolation cavity is used to isolate the first connection terminal from the airway outlet of the first airway and the fourth airway
  • the second isolation cavity is used to isolate the second connection terminal from the second airway and the third airway. Isolate the airway outlet of the tract.
  • the isolating switch may include a handle, an operating mechanism and a plurality of stacked switch units according to yet another aspect of the present application.
  • the handle and the operating mechanism drive connection, the operating mechanism is drivingly connected to the moving contact bracket in each layer of switch unit.
  • a switch unit includes: a housing, a movable contact bracket rotated in the housing, a movable contact, and two static contacts that respectively cooperate with two opposite ends of the movable contact; There are also two arc extinguishing units, a first air channel, a second air channel, a third air channel and a fourth air channel. The two arc extinguishing units are located on opposite sides of the movable contact bracket and extend from the closing position.
  • the first air channel and the second air channel are connected to an arc extinguishing unit and are located at the closing position and the opening position respectively, and the third air channel and the fourth air channel are connected to another arc extinguishing unit and are respectively located at the closing position and the opening position.
  • the air channel outlets of the first air channel, the second air channel, the third air channel and the fourth air channel are located on the spray arc side wall of the housing; the first air channel, the second air channel
  • a curved boss is provided at the airway entrance of at least one of the airway, the third airway and the fourth airway, and at least part of the side of the curved boss has a tendency to wrap around the arc extinguishing unit to guide the arc to move along the arc extinguishing unit.
  • the switch unit is equipped with air channels corresponding to the closing position and the opening position on the outlet sides of the two arc extinguishing units respectively.
  • the air channels are used to increase the air blowing effect of the arc extinguishing unit at the closing position and the opening position, speeding up the The speed at which the arc root enters the arc extinguishing unit has better arc extinguishing performance.
  • a curved boss is set at the airway inlet of at least one airway. The sides of the curved boss are used to form a tendency to wrap the arc extinguishing unit, so that there is a large difference in the direction of the inner wall of the casing and the edge of the outlet side of the arc extinguishing unit.
  • the arc is guided to continue moving in the arc extinguishing unit, preventing it from leaving the arc extinguishing unit in advance and entering the airway, further improving the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the power supply system may include: a DC source, a power change unit and an isolation switch according to the application.
  • the DC source and the power conversion unit are connected through the isolation switch. , the open state of the isolation switch causes the DC source and the power conversion unit to be disconnected.
  • the power supply system can be opened by operating the isolation switch when the DC source and/or power conversion unit fails.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an arc extinguishing chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a second structural schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a third structural schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is the fourth structural schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a second structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of position A in Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of B in Figure 7;
  • Figure 11 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the housing in the switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a third structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is the fourth structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a sixth structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a second structural schematic diagram of a switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 18 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of position A in Figure 16;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a stacked arrangement of switch units provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation switch provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation switch provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 22 is the second structural schematic diagram of the housing in the switch unit provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an isolation switch provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Icon 100, 100', 100"-switch unit; 110, 110', 110"-casing; 120, 120', 120"-static contact; 121-contact part; 130, 130"-moving contact; 140, 140'-arc extinguishing chamber; 140"-arc extinguishing unit; 141-second section; 1411-second grid piece; 1412-first long grid piece; 1413-first short grid piece; 142-first section ; 1421-The first grid piece; 1422-Short grid section; 1423-Alternating section; 1424-The second long grid piece; 1425-The second short grid piece; 1426-The third short grid piece; 143-The first gap; 1431 -Side wall; 1432-bottom wall; 144-second notch; 145-third grid piece; 1451-grid part; 1452-bent part; 146-gas production plate; 1461-boss; 150, 150'-introduction Arc blade; 151-connection part; 152-arc starting part;
  • the isolating switch When the isolating switch is turned off, an arc will be generated at the moment when the movable contact and the static contact are separated.
  • the arc is a charged high-temperature plasma.
  • the high temperature may damage the shell of the isolating switch. body and dynamic and static contacts.
  • the switch unit 100 includes a housing 110 having a chamber 160.
  • the housing 110 is along a first direction (as shown in FIG. 1 (direction A) are disposed with static contacts 120 offset on the opposite side walls.
  • the static contacts 120 extend into the chamber 160.
  • a driven and rotating movable contact 130 is provided in the chamber 160.
  • the two sides of the movable contact 130 During rotation, the end contacts the static contacts 120 on both sides to present a closed state or separates from the static contacts 120 on both sides to present an open state.
  • the extension direction of the movable contact 130 is in the second direction (as shown in Figure 1 B direction) ( ⁇ 1 in Figure 1) is between 15° and 65°.
  • Arc extinguishing chambers 140 are provided on opposite sides of the chamber 160 along the second direction B.
  • the arc extinguishing chambers 140 are provided on the static contacts. 120 is away from the side of the movable contact 130 and extends along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130.
  • the first direction A is perpendicular to the second direction B.
  • the switch unit 100 in the embodiment of the present application is a unit of the isolating switch 10.
  • the isolating switch 10 When the isolating switch 10 is closed, as shown in Figure 1, both ends of the movable contact 130 are in contact with the stationary contacts 120 respectively to realize current transmission.
  • the contact bracket of the isolating switch 10 drives the moving contact 130 to rotate. Specifically, the movable contact 130 rotates from the position in FIG. 1 in the direction D ⁇ E in FIG. 1 to separate from the stationary contact 120 . At the moment of separation, since the pressing of the movable contact 130 on the static contact 120 is released, thermal electrons are emitted.
  • the gap between the movable contact 130 and the static contact 120 is small, resulting in a high voltage intensity, resulting in a strong Electric field emission.
  • the electrons escaping from the cathode surface accelerate toward the anode and undergo collision dissociation. This causes a sharp increase in charged particles between the movable contact 130 and the static contact 120 and a sudden increase in temperature, resulting in thermal dissociation.
  • an arc is formed.
  • an arc extinguishing chamber 140 is provided on the side of the static contact 120 away from the movable contact 130.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 extends along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the second direction is between 15° and 65°.
  • the movable contact 130 contacts or separates from the stationary contact 120 during the rotation process to realize closing and opening of the switch unit 100 .
  • the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the second direction B is less than 15°, the contact position between the movable contact 130 and the static contact 120 is further away from the side wall, so that the space reserved for the arc extinguishing chamber 140 is longer.
  • the angle is too small, the arc extinguishing chamber 140 is tilted at a larger angle relative to the movable contact 130, so the arc is not easy to enter the arc extinguishing chamber 140 and extinguished; when the extension direction of the movable contact 130 is in the second direction B When the angle is greater than 65°, the arc is more likely to enter the arc extinguishing chamber 140 and be extinguished. However, the space reserved for the arc extinguishing chamber 140 becomes smaller, making the arc extinguishing capability of the arc extinguishing chamber 140 weaker.
  • the embodiment of the present application sets the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the second direction between 15° and 65°, so that the arc can smoothly enter the arc extinguishing chamber 140, making it easier for the arc to move towards arc extinguishing.
  • the chamber 140 moves and then quickly enters the arc extinguishing chamber 140, and a larger space can be reserved on both sides of the housing 110 along the second direction, which can provide a larger installation space for the arc extinguishing chamber 140, thereby improving the efficiency of the arc extinguishing chamber 140.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the first direction is between 15° and 65°.
  • the specific value of the angle is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the extension direction of the movable contact 130 The angle between the direction and the first direction may be 30°, 45°, or 60°.
  • the angle between the extending direction of the movable contact 130 and the first direction may be set to 45°.
  • the embodiment of the present application is the switch unit 100 of the double breakpoint isolating switch 10.
  • the static contacts 120 are disposed on the opposite side walls of the housing 110 along the first direction, so that the two static contacts 120 are approximately are disposed at both ends of the diagonal line of the housing 110.
  • Two sets of arc extinguishing chambers 140 are provided corresponding to the double breakpoints.
  • the two sets of arc extinguishing chambers 140 are centrally rotated and arranged in the chamber 160.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 may be arranged in other ways, which is not limited by this application.
  • the switch unit 100 provided in this application includes a housing 110 with a cavity 160.
  • the housing 110 has static contacts 120 disposed on the two side walls oppositely arranged along the first direction.
  • the static contacts 120 extend into the cavity 160.
  • a movable contact 130 driven to rotate is provided in the chamber 160.
  • the two ends of the movable contact 130 are in contact with the static contacts 120 on both sides respectively to present a closed state or to be separated from the static contacts 120 on both sides.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the second direction B is between 15° and 65°, and arc extinguishing chambers are provided on opposite sides of the chamber 160 along the second direction B. 140.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 is disposed on the side of the stationary contact 120 away from the movable contact 130 and extends along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130.
  • the first direction A is perpendicular to the second direction B.
  • the air pressure at the place where the arc is generated rises instantly, and due to the air pressure generated, the arc will flow in the direction of low air pressure, because the arc extinguishing chamber 140 It is arranged on the side of the static contact 120 away from the movable contact 130, so that the arc flows into the arc extinguishing chamber 140, and the arc extinguishing chamber 140 can extinguish the arc, thereby preventing the arc from causing damage to the internal components of the switch unit 100.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the extension direction of the movable contact 130 and the second direction B is between 15° and 65°.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 includes a first section 142 along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130 and a second section 141 connected to the first section 142.
  • the first section 142 is close to the static contact.
  • the head 120 is arranged, and the first section 142 overlaps with the projected portion of the static contact 120 in the second direction.
  • the first section 142 is provided with a plurality of first gratings 1421 with a first preset angle
  • the second section 141 is provided with a plurality of first gratings 1421.
  • a second grid piece 1411 extends radially along the chamber 160, and the curvature of the first section 142 is smaller than the curvature of the second section 141.
  • the arc When an arc is generated, during the movement of the arc, the arc is cut into a short arc by the ends of the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 close to the movable contact 130 , and the short arc has a low charge amount and temperature. , making it easier to extinguish.
  • the arc is cut by the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 and flows out along the gap between the two adjacent grid pieces, then enters the bottom air channel and is discharged.
  • the curvature of the first section 142 is smaller than the curvature of the second section 141, so that the first grid pieces 1421 are arranged nearly parallel toward the bottom air channel, thereby accelerating the arc fluid in the gap between two adjacent first grid pieces 1421 Faster, it is beneficial for the arc to quickly enter the arc extinguishing chamber 140 under the action of air blowing in the early stage of separation of the movable contact 130 and the stationary contact 120 .
  • the second section 141 includes a plurality of second grids 1411 extending radially along the chamber 160, so that the second grids 1411 are arranged in a fan shape because if the same approximately parallel arrangement as the first grids 1421 is also used, Since the movable contact 130 moves in a circular motion, the distance between the end of the movable contact 130 and the second grid piece 1411 will be long, making it difficult to start an arc. At the same time, the direction of the air flow between the grid pieces is inconsistent with the air outlet, resulting in difficulty in air outlet.
  • the second grid pieces 1411 of the second section 141 are arranged along the radial direction of the chamber 160, so the arc where the second section 141 is located is centered on the rotation center of the movable contact 130.
  • the curvature of the first section 142 is implemented in this application. There is no limitation in this example. For example, in order to utilize the space in the chamber 160 more effectively, the volume of the arc extinguishing chamber 140 is set larger, and the curvature of the first section 142 can be set as small as possible.
  • first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 are for cutting the arc, so the extending direction of the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 should be perpendicular to the first direction, so that the grid pieces stand upright. , and one side of the grid faces the movable contact 130 .
  • the arrangement of the first section 142 allows more grids to be arranged in a limited space, fully utilizing the space in the chamber 160, and more grids can cut the arc into A shorter short arc is more conducive to arc extinguishing.
  • the specific number of the first grid pieces 1421 and the second grid pieces 1411 and the spacing between two adjacent grid pieces are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the number of the first grid pieces 1421 can be set to 13, which are arranged in sequence along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130
  • the number of the second grid pieces 1411 can be set to 12, with the side facing the chamber 160 .
  • the distance between two adjacent grid pieces is between 1 mm and 2 mm, where the distance between the first grid pieces 1421 refers to the distance between the ends of the two adjacent first grid pieces 1421 away from the movable contact 130 distance.
  • insulating plates are usually provided at both ends of the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 along the third direction.
  • the insulating plates are respectively connected with the first grid piece.
  • 1421 is connected to the same side end of the second grid piece 1411, so that the insulating plates on both sides sandwich the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411.
  • the first segment includes a straight line segment or a first arc segment
  • the second segment includes a second arc segment, wherein the curvature of the first arc segment is smaller than the curvature of the second arc segment.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 when the curvature of the first section 142 is further reduced to form a straight section, the arc extinguishing chamber 140 includes a straight section arranged along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130 and The second arc segment connected with the straight segment, the straight segment is arranged close to the static contact 120, and the straight segment partially overlaps with the projection of the static contact 120 in the second direction.
  • it is set as a straight segment close to the arc extinguishing chamber 140, It is possible to make full use of the space in the chamber 160 and arrange more grids, so that more grids can cut the arc into shorter arcs, which is more conducive to the extinguishing of the arc.
  • the end surfaces of the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 facing the movable contact 130 are both concave to form a first notch 143.
  • Part of the bottom wall 1432 of a notch 143 is concave to form a second notch 144.
  • Two adjacent second notches 144 are staggered in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the plane of the first direction and the second direction.
  • the end surfaces of the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 facing the movable contact 130 are both concave to form a first notch 143.
  • the side walls 1431 on both sides of the first notch 143 protrude.
  • the arc is high-temperature plasma, and the plasma is charged. , due to the law of electromagnetic induction, the arc has its own induced magnetic field. The arc receives forces in the left and right directions with opposite values and equal magnitude under its own induced magnetic field. The sum of the forces is zero.
  • the magnetic field lines on the side of the arc close to the arc extinguishing plate are distorted and pass directly through the grid plate with smaller magnetic resistance.
  • the setting of the first gap 143 makes the density of the magnetic field lines on the side close to the gap become sparse, resulting in arc
  • the magnitude of the force on both sides is different, thereby generating an arc blowing force, causing the arc to move into the arc extinguishing chamber 140 .
  • the arc will be elongated into staggered fold lines at the second staggered gaps 144 (as shown in Figure 6), thus increasing the arc segment length of the arc, thereby increasing the Arc voltage makes the arc extinguish faster.
  • the ratio of the shortest distance between two adjacent second notches 144 along the third direction (as shown in d in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 ) to the distance between two adjacent grid pieces is Y, where, 0.2 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1.5.
  • the second notches 144 are staggered in the third direction, which reduces the resistance of the arc entering between the grid plates. It should be understood that when the distance between two adjacent second notches 144 is not long, it will reduce the resistance. The effect of the arc is limited. After the arc is elongated into a staggered fold line at the staggered second gaps 144, the arc segment length of the increased arc is limited. However, when the staggered distance between two adjacent second gaps 144 is too large, the arc will The resistance to staggered elongation will increase, the staggering effect will fail, the arc will not be elongated, and the corresponding effect will not be achieved. Based on the above reasons, in the embodiment of the present application, two adjacent second notches 144 are arranged along the third The ratio of the closest distance in the direction to the distance between two adjacent grid pieces is set to Y, where 0.2 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1.5.
  • the shortest distance between two adjacent second notches 144 along the third direction refers to the previous one.
  • the first notch 143 also includes side walls 1431 connected to both ends of the bottom wall 1432.
  • the side walls 1431 extend along the second direction, and the angle between the side walls 1431 and the bottom wall 1432 is ( (shown as ⁇ 2 in Figure 4) is between 110° and 150°.
  • the side wall 1431 When the angle between the side wall 1431 and the bottom wall 1432 is set between 110° and 150°, the side wall 1431 extends along the second direction, so that the bottom wall 1432 has a certain inclination angle relative to the second direction.
  • the inclination of the bottom wall 1432 When entering the first gap 143, the inclination of the bottom wall 1432 is conducive to compressing the arc column and quickly introducing the arc to the second gap 144.
  • the slope of the bottom wall 1432 is also conducive to enhancing the demagnetizing intensity of the grid and increasing the magnetic field of the arc. Blow power.
  • the movable contact 130 is driven to rotate so that the end of the movable contact 130 passes through the first notch 143 , and the end of the movable contact 130 is in contact with the side of the first notch 143 .
  • the distance between walls 1431 is between 0.4 and 4mm.
  • the movable contact 130 is as close as possible to the effective arc extinguishing area of the arc extinguishing chamber 140.
  • the end of the movable contact 130 passes through the first gap. 143, so that the end of the movable contact 130 is located in the first notch 143, thereby increasing the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the movable contact 130 when the distance between the end of the movable contact 130 and the side wall 1431 of the first notch 143 is too close, the movable contact The arc on 130 , that is, the high-temperature plasma, will burn the side wall 1431 of the first notch 143 to form a protrusion.
  • the protrusion will protrude from the surface of the side wall 1431 and interfere with the movable contact 130 , which will affect the switch unit 100 of normal operation.
  • the distance between the end of the movable contact 130 and the side wall 1431 of the first notch 143 is set between 0.4 and 4 mm, which can protect the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 at the same time. Improve arc extinguishing effect.
  • the second grid piece 1411 includes first long grid pieces 1412 and first short grid pieces 1413 that are alternately arranged at intervals.
  • the first long grid pieces 1412 and The end of the first short grid piece 1413 away from the movable contact 130 is located on the same arc line.
  • the distance between the end of the first long grid piece 1412 close to the movable contact 130 and the rotation center of the movable contact 130 is a.
  • the first The distance between the end of the short grid piece 1413 close to the movable contact 130 and the rotation center of the movable contact 130 is b, where a ⁇ b.
  • the first notch 143 is formed in the cross section of the first grid piece 1421 toward the movable contact 130, so that the side walls 1431 on both sides of the first notch 143 generate arc blowing force under the action of the arc, wherein the side walls 1431 The longer the length along the second direction, the greater the arc blow force generated.
  • the second grid plate 1411 includes a plurality of first long grid plates 1412.
  • the second grid plate 1411 is arranged along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130, the second grid plate 1411 Arranged in a fan shape, in order to avoid interference on the side of the plurality of first long grid pieces 1412 close to the movable contact 130, a plurality of first short grid pieces 1413 are inserted between two adjacent first long grid pieces 1412.
  • the short grid 1413 can further increase the arc blowing force.
  • the length of the first long grid piece 1412 is greater than the length of the first short grid piece 1413. Since the plurality of first notches 143 are provided along the rotation direction of the movable contact 130, the first long grid piece 1412 The side wall 1431 of the first notch 143 is larger than the side wall 1431 of the first notch 143 of the first short grid piece 1413 .
  • the switch unit 100 further includes a third grid 145 disposed on the side of the second section 141 away from the first section 142 .
  • the extended grid portion 1451 and the bent portion 1452 connected to the end of the grid portion 1451 close to the movable contact 130 have a preset distance from the bent portion 1452 and the end of the movable contact 130 .
  • the bending portion 1452 ignites the arc remaining on the movable contact 130 and extinguishes it.
  • the preset distance between the bending portion 1452 and the end of the movable contact 130 means that during the movement of the movable contact 130 , the surface of the bending portion 1452 is in contact with the movable contact 130 along the diameter of the chamber 160 . direction distance.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140 further includes a gas generating member disposed on the side of the first grid plate and the second grid plate close to the center of the chamber 160, and the gas generating member includes a gas generating member connected to the first gap.
  • Two gas-generating plates 146 are respectively inlaid at the ends of both sides of the gas-generating plate 143.
  • the opposite side walls 1431 of the two gas-generating plates 146 respectively protrude toward the other gas-generating plate 146 with bosses 1461.
  • the bosses 1461 are along the gas-generating plate 146. Extending in the extending direction, the boss 1461 is disposed in the middle of the gas generating plate 146 along the radial direction of the chamber 160 .
  • the gas-generating plate 146 is made of a gas-generating material.
  • the gas-generating material will generate gas under high temperature, which can accelerate the flow of the arc and increase the probability of the arc contacting the first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411, thereby improving the The first grid piece 1421 and the second grid piece 1411 have a probability of cutting the arc, thereby improving the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the opposite side walls 1431 of the two gas generating plates 146 are respectively provided with bosses 1461 along the extending direction of the gas generating plates 146.
  • the bosses 1461 are arranged in the middle of the gas generating plates 146 along the radial direction of the chamber 160, so that along the direction of the chamber 160 160 in the radial direction, the distance between the two gas generating plates 146 changes from large to small and then large. According to the Laval effect, when the arc flows between the two bosses 1461, due to the gap between the two bosses 1461 The distance is reduced, thereby increasing the flow rate of the arc flowing here and improving the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the gas generating plate 146 is made of a gas generating material.
  • the specific material is not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the gas generating material can be one of nylon 6/6 (polyamide) or POM (polyoxymethylene) or melamine. .
  • the ratio of the distance between the two bosses 1461 to the length of the grid along the third direction is between 15% and 45%.
  • the ratio of the distance between the two bosses 1461 to the length of the grid along the third direction is between 15% and 45%, which can accelerate the arc to the greatest extent. flow.
  • the contact portion 121 of the static contact 120 is provided with an arc-starting piece 150 on a side away from the chamber 160 , and the arc-starting piece 150 includes connections connected in sequence. 151, arc starting part 152 and cutoff part 153.
  • the connecting part 151 is parallel to the contact part 121, and the arc starting part 152 extends away from the chamber 160.
  • the cutoff part 153 is parallel to the first grid piece 1421, and the connecting part 151 is connected to the arc starting part 151.
  • the connection point of the portion 152 is flush with the end point of the contact portion 121 .
  • the embodiment of the present application is provided with an arc striking piece 150 on the side of the contact portion 121 away from the chamber 160, where the connecting portion 151 is In the protective shell 110, the arc starting portion 152 extends away from the chamber 160, which can open up space for the arc extinguishing chamber 140 to a greater extent, so that more grids are provided in the arc extinguishing chamber 140, thereby improving the arc extinguishing capability.
  • the arc starting part 152 is also used to introduce the arc into the first section 142 of the arc extinguishing chamber 140, so that the added grid plate of the arc extinguishing chamber 140 can play the role of cutting the arc.
  • the first section 142 includes a short gate section 1422 and an alternating section 1423 connected to the short gate section 1422 .
  • the alternating section 1423 is connected to the second section 141 , and the short gate section 1422 is connected to the arc starting portion 152 The projection along the second direction overlaps.
  • the alternating section 1423 includes second long grid pieces 1424 and second short grid pieces 1425 that are alternately arranged at intervals.
  • the short grid section 1422 includes a plurality of third short grid pieces 1426.
  • the second long grid pieces 1424 , the second short grid piece 1425 and the third short grid piece 1426 constitute the first grid piece 1421.
  • the arrangement of the third short grid piece 1426 makes full use of the space in the chamber 160 and improves the arc extinguishing capability of the arc extinguishing chamber 140 .
  • the switch unit 100' includes a housing 110', a movable contact bracket, a mating movable contact and a static Contact 120', the movable contact is rotated and arranged in the housing 110' through the movable contact bracket, the static contact 120' is fixed in the housing 110', and the arc extinguishing area is divided into the housing 110'.
  • the area extends from the closing position 112 to the opening position 113.
  • the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 are provided in the housing 110'.
  • the housing air passage inlet of the first housing air passage 114 is connected to the opening position 113.
  • the arc extinguishing area is connected and located on the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the closing position 112.
  • the housing air channel inlet of the second housing air channel 115 is connected with the arc extinguishing area and located on the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the opening position 113.
  • the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 and the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the second housing air channel 115 are located on the housing spray arc side wall 116 of the housing 110'.
  • the switch unit 100' includes a housing 110', a moving contact bracket, a moving contact and a static contact 120'.
  • the static contact 120' is fixed in the housing 110', and the moving contact is rotated in the housing through the moving contact bracket.
  • the body 110' is in contact with the static contact 120' for closing or separation.
  • an arc will be generated between the movable contact and the stationary contact 120'.
  • an arc extinguishing area is provided in the housing 110'. It extends from the closing position 112 in the housing 110' to the opening position 113, so that the arc generated during the opening process can smoothly enter the arc extinguishing area.
  • the closing position 112 of the housing 110' is the position where the movable contact is when the switch unit 100' is in the closing state;
  • the opening position 113 is the position where the movable contact is when the switch unit 100 is in the opening state.
  • the housing 110' is also provided with a first housing air channel 114 and a second housing air channel 115, wherein the first housing air passage 114 is used to guide the arc root at the closing position 112 , and the second housing air passage 115 is used to guide the arc root at the opening position 113 .
  • the first housing air channel 114 is located next to the side wall of the arc extinguishing area near the closing position 112
  • the second housing air channel 115 is located next to the side wall of the arc extinguishing area close to the opening position 113.
  • the air channel inlets of the body air channel 114 and the second shell air channel 115 are respectively connected with the arc extinguishing area, and the shell air channel outlets 1141 of the first shell air channel 114 and the second shell air channel 115 are located in the shell 110' On the side wall 116 of the casing.
  • the arrangement of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 can increase the air blowing effect of the arc extinguishing area at the closing position 112 and the opening position 113, and speed up the arc root entering the arc extinguishing area. .
  • the position of the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 on the housing spray arc side wall 116 of the housing 110' is not limited.
  • the body air channel 114 and the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the second housing air channel 115 can be spaced apart and independent of each other; as shown in Figure 7, the housings of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115
  • the air channel outlet 1141 may also be the same outlet, that is, the second housing air channel 115 reuses the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 .
  • the above-mentioned switch unit 100' is provided with a first housing air passage 114 and a second housing air passage 115 respectively at positions corresponding to the closing position 112 and the opening position 113 outside the arc extinguishing area to increase the arc extinguishing area at the closing position.
  • the air blowing effect at 112 and opening position 113 accelerates the arc root entering the arc extinguishing area, and has better arc extinguishing performance.
  • the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 converge in the arc extinguishing area and then extend to the housing spray arc side wall 116.
  • the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the second casing air duct 115 reuses the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the first casing air duct 114 to reduce the number of openings on the casing arc side wall 116 of the casing 110'.
  • the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid are ejected from the same position on the arc side wall 116 of the housing, which facilitates the guidance and collection of the ejected arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid.
  • the first housing air passage 114 and/or the second housing air passage 115 are provided on the side wall close to the convergence position 117.
  • a Tesla valve 500 which is used to drive the arc in the first housing air channel 114 and/or the second housing air channel 115 to move from the housing air channel inlet to the housing air channel outlet 1141.
  • the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 converge in the housing 110', and then extend to the housing spray arc side wall 116.
  • the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 share the same outlet.
  • the arc particles and/or the high-temperature fluid move to the convergence position 117, the arc particles and/or the high-temperature fluid in the first housing air channel 114 may continue to move toward the housing air channel outlet 1141, or may backflow to the second housing air channel 114.
  • the casing air passage 115 similarly, the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid in the second casing air passage 115 may continue to move toward the casing air passage outlet 1141 , or may recoil into the first casing air passage 114 .
  • a Tesla valve is provided on the side wall of the first housing air passage 114 and/or the second housing air passage 115 close to the convergence position 117. 500, the Tesla valve 500 has a fixed geometry that allows fluid to flow in one direction.
  • the Sla valve 500 guides the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid that recoils into the second housing air passage 115 to flow toward the air passage outlet 1141 .
  • the Tesla valve 500 can be provided only in the first housing air passage 114 or the second housing air passage 115, or can be provided in both the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115. . Specifically, the selection can be made according to the shape, size and other parameters of the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 .
  • the Tesla valves 500 include multiple Tesla valves 500 , and the multiple Tesla valves 500 flow from the convergence position 117 to the first housing air channel 114 or the second housing.
  • the housing air channel inlets of the air channel 115 are spaced apart in sequence and are staggered on two opposite side walls of the first housing air channel 114 or the second housing air channel 115 .
  • multiple Tesla valves 500 can be provided in one housing air passage.
  • the first housing air passage 114 has opposite first side walls and second side walls perpendicular to the bottom of the housing 110', A plurality of Tesla valves 500 are arranged staggered on the first side wall and the second side wall in sequence, and are spaced apart along the convergence position 117 toward the housing air channel inlet of the first housing air channel 114 .
  • the multiple Tesla valves 500 should guide arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid in the same direction, that is, guide the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid to move toward the housing air channel outlet 1141 .
  • the method of arranging multiple Tesla valves 500 in the second housing air passage 115 is the same as that of the first housing air passage 114, and will not be described again in this embodiment.
  • the casing air duct inlet cross-sectional area of the first casing air duct 114 is larger than the casing air duct inlet cross-sectional area of the first casing air duct 114 .
  • the sectional area of the outlet 1141 of the second casing air duct 115 is greater than the sectional area of the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the second casing air duct 115 to accelerate the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid to the shell.
  • the movement of the body airway outlet 1141 improves the arc extinguishing effect of the switch unit 100'.
  • the first housing air channel 114 and/or the second housing air channel 115 is close to the side wall of the air channel inlet.
  • An arc-shaped protrusion 212 is provided on the arc-shaped protrusion 212 for allowing the arc particles and/or fluid leaving the arc extinguishing area to smoothly enter the first housing air passage 114 or the second housing air passage 115.
  • Eddy currents are easily formed at the entrances of the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115.
  • the arrangement of the arc-shaped protrusions 212 can reduce the generation of eddy currents and accelerate the arc entering the first housing air passage 114 or in the air passage 115 of the second housing.
  • the arc-shaped protrusion 212 may be provided only in the first housing air passage 114 or the second housing air passage 115, or may be provided in both the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115. .
  • the selection can be made according to the shape, size and other parameters of the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 .
  • an arc extinguishing chamber 140' is provided in the arc extinguishing area, and the entrance of the arc extinguishing chamber 140' extends from the closing position 112 To the opening position 113 , the outlet of the arc extinguishing chamber 140 ′ is connected with the housing air channel inlet of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 .
  • the arc entering the arc extinguishing area will enter the arc extinguishing chamber 140′ and be extinguished, and the remaining arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid will leave the housing through the first housing air passage 114 or the second housing air passage 115.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 140' includes a first fixed plate 180 and a second fixed plate arranged oppositely, and a first fixed plate 180 and a second fixed plate provided between the first fixed plate 180 and the second fixed plate.
  • the first fixed plate 180 and the second fixed plate are parallel to the bottom surface of the housing 110'.
  • a plurality of grid plates are clamped and fixed between the first fixed plate 180 and the second fixed plate.
  • the plurality of grid plates are arranged at intervals.
  • One end of the grid plate It is arranged towards the entrance of the arc extinguishing area, and the opposite end is arranged towards the first housing air passage 114 or the second housing air passage 115 .
  • the arc generated during the opening process first enters the area where the grid plate is located and is divided into multiple arc segments.
  • the arc particles and/or high-temperature fluid generated by arc combustion are then divided into the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage.
  • the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 are used in conjunction with the grid plate to improve the arc extinguishing effect of the switch unit 100'.
  • extension paths of the multiple grids can be parallel to each other or have a preset angle.
  • the lengths of the multiple grids can be the same or different. Those skilled in the art can make a reasonable design based on the shape of the arc extinguishing area.
  • the closing position 112 and the opening position 113 are respectively provided with arc striking pieces 150', and the arc striking pieces 150' located at the closing position 112 are directed toward the third
  • the casing air channel inlet of the first casing air channel 114 extends
  • the arc striking piece 150' located at the opening position 113 extends toward the casing air channel inlet of the second casing air channel 115.
  • the arc starting piece 150' cooperates with the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 to guide the arc root at the closing position 112 and the opening position 113 to accelerate into the arc extinguishing area.
  • the part of the arc striking piece 150' arranged at the closing position 112 located outside the arc extinguishing area is in contact with the static contact 120', and the part located within the arc extinguishing area extends along the side of the arc extinguishing chamber 140' to the third A housing air channel entrance of the housing air channel 114.
  • the portion of the arc striking blade 150' provided at the opening position 113 that is located outside the arc extinguishing area extends along the inner wall of the housing 110', and the portion located within the arc extinguishing area extends along the side of the arc extinguishing chamber 140' to the second housing.
  • the arc-starting blade 150' includes a plurality of sections connected in sequence, and at least one section of the arc-starting blade 150' extends toward the casing airway inlet of the first casing airway 114 or the second casing airway 115.
  • both the movable contact and the stationary contact 120' include two, and the two stationary contacts 120' are relative to the movable contact bracket.
  • the rotation axis is symmetrically arranged and cooperates with two movable contacts respectively.
  • the arc extinguishing area includes a first arc extinguishing area 1112 and a second arc extinguishing area 1113.
  • the first arc extinguishing area 1112 corresponds to a set of movable contacts and static contacts 120 Set
  • the second arc extinguishing area 1113 is set corresponding to another set of movable contacts and stationary contacts 120'.
  • the number of matching groups of the movable contacts and the static contacts 120' is two groups, and the two movable contacts are respectively in contact with or separated from the two static contacts 120' at the same time.
  • the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are respectively provided on the closing and opening paths of the two sets of movable contacts and static contacts 120', which are used to extinguish the arc generated by the opening.
  • first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 connected with the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are respectively provided on both sides of the housing 110'.
  • the housing 110' has two opposite casing arc side walls, and the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the first casing air channel 114 and the second casing air channel 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 is located in a casing nozzle.
  • the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 is located on the other housing spray arc side wall.
  • the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 is connected to the housing in which it is located.
  • the distance D1 between the first side 1161 of the arc spray side wall 116 is equal to the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 and the housing spray arc side wall 116 where it is located.
  • the distance D2 between the first side 1161 of the second housing air channel 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side of the housing spray arc side wall 116 The distance between 1161 is equal to the distance between the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the second housing air channel 115 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 and the first side 1161 of the housing spray arc side wall 116,
  • the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the first casing air duct 114 and the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the second casing air duct 115 are both located on the side of the center line of the casing spray arc side wall 116, and the first side 1161 is parallel to the moving The axis of rotation of the contact holder.
  • the first housing air passage 114 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first housing air channel 114 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are asymmetrical.
  • the second housing air channel 115 and the second housing air channel 115 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are also asymmetrical, but the housing air channel outlets 1141 of the two first housing air channels 114 and the two second housing air channels 1141 are also asymmetrical.
  • the housing air channel outlets 1141 of the housing air channel 115 are respectively located on a straight line perpendicular to the housing spray arc side wall 116 , and the straight line does not pass through the center line of the housing spray arc side wall 116 .
  • This layout plan facilitates the customer's avoidance design of the air duct outlet 1141 when the isolating switch is installed in the customer's system, and also facilitates the installation and fixation of the isolating switch 200 by clamping rails on both sides.
  • center line of the housing spray arc side wall 116 is the line connecting the upper and lower midpoints of the housing spray arc side wall 116 , and the center line of the housing spray arc side wall 116 is parallel to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket. .
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is an embodiment in which the second housing airway 115 reuses the housing airway outlet 1141 of the first housing airway 114 .
  • the two first housing air channels 114 are located on a line perpendicular to the housing nozzle.
  • the two second housing air passages 115 are located on another straight line perpendicular to the arc side wall 116 of the housing.
  • the first housing air passage 114 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first air channel 114 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 The housing air channel 114 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, the second housing air channel 115 is connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the second housing air channel 115 is connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 It is arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket.
  • the two first housing air passages 114 and the two second housing air passages 115 are respectively symmetrically distributed relative to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket. Therefore, the two first housing air passages 114 are The housing air channel outlet 1141 and the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the two second housing air channels 115 are also symmetrically distributed relative to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket.
  • This layout scheme can keep the arc extinguishing performance of the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the second arc extinguishing area 1113 consistent.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is an embodiment in which the second housing airway 115 reuses the housing airway outlet 1141 of the first housing airway 114 .
  • the two first housing air channels 114 are located on one over-moving contact bracket.
  • the two second housing air passages 115 are located at the rotation center of the other over-moving contact bracket and are sandwiched between the spray arc side wall 116 of the housing and the straight line at an acute angle with the arc side wall 116 of the housing. On a straight line with an acute angle.
  • the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 and the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the second housing air channel 115 are both located on the housing.
  • the casing air duct outlets 1141 of the two first casing air ducts 114 and the casing air duct outlets 1141 of the two second casing air ducts 115 are respectively located perpendicular to the side wall 116 of the spray arc of the casing. on a straight line, and the straight line passes through the center line of the arc side wall 116 of the housing.
  • the distance D3 between the casing air duct outlet 1141 of the first casing air duct 114 and the first side 1161 of the casing arc side wall 116 is equal to the casing of the first casing air duct 114
  • the distance between the first sides 1161 is equal to the distance between the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the second housing air channel 115 and the second side 1162 of the housing spray arc side wall 116 where it is located.
  • the second housing air channel 115 reuses the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 to save the size of the housing 110′ in the height direction and expand the cross-sectional area of the housing air channel outlet 1141.
  • the arc arc side wall 116 of the housing has a first side 1161 and a second side parallel to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket. 1162.
  • the distance between the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is respectively greater than that of the first arc extinguishing area.
  • 1112 is the distance between the outlet of the housing airway of the first housing airway 114 and the second housing airway 115 and the second side 1162.
  • the distance between the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel 114 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is greater than the distance between the housing air channel outlet and the second side 1162 the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the second casing air duct 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is greater than the distance between the casing air duct outlet and the second side 1162 distance between.
  • the housing air channel outlets 1141 on the two housing arc side walls 116 are symmetrically distributed relative to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, the first housing air channel 114 and the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are connected to each other.
  • the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the casing air duct 115 and the first side 1161 is respectively smaller than the first casing air duct 114 and the second casing air duct 115 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113 .
  • the arc arc side wall 116 of the housing has a first side 1161 and a second side parallel to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket. 1162.
  • the distance between the housing air channel outlet of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is respectively smaller than that of the first arc extinguishing area.
  • 1112 is the distance between the outlet of the housing airway of the first housing airway 114 and the second housing airway 115 and the second side 1162.
  • the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the first casing air duct 114 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is smaller than the distance between the casing air duct outlet and the second side 1162
  • the distance between the casing air duct outlet of the second casing air duct 115 connected to the first arc extinguishing area 1112 and the first side 1161 is smaller than the distance between the casing air duct outlet and the second side 1162 distance between.
  • the housing air channel outlets 1141 on the two housing arc side walls 116 are symmetrically distributed relative to the rotation axis of the movable contact bracket, the first housing air channel 114 and the second arc extinguishing area 1113 are connected to each other.
  • the distance between the housing air channel outlet of the housing air channel 115 and the first side 1161 is respectively greater than the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 connected to the second arc extinguishing area 1113.
  • the switch unit 100 includes: a housing 110", and a movable contact rotatably provided in the housing 110'.
  • the housing 110" is also provided with two arc extinguishing units 140" (in some examples In this embodiment, the arc extinguishing unit is also called an arc extinguishing chamber), a first air channel 161, a second air channel 162, a third air channel 163 and a fourth air channel 164.
  • the two arc extinguishing units 140" are respectively located at The opposite sides of the moving contact bracket 600 extend from the closing position to the opening position.
  • the first air channel 161 and the second air channel 162 are connected with an arc extinguishing unit 140" and are located at the closing position and the opening position respectively.
  • the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164 are connected with another arc extinguishing unit 140" and are located at the closing position and the opening position respectively, the first air channel 161, the second air channel 162, the third air channel 163 and the air channel outlet 166 of the fourth air channel 164 is located on the spray arc side wall of the housing 110"; at least one of the first air channel 161, the second air channel 162, the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164
  • a curved boss 170 is provided at the airway inlet 165, and the side surfaces of the curved boss 170 at least partially tend to wrap around the arc extinguishing unit 140" to guide the arc to move along the arc extinguishing unit 140".
  • the specific configurations of the first airway 161 , the second airway 162 , the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 in this embodiment are different from those described above.
  • the switch unit 100" includes a housing 110", a moving contact bracket 600, a moving contact 130" and a static contact 120".
  • the static contact 120" is fixed in the housing 110", and the moving contact bracket 600 is rotated in the housing.
  • the movable contact 130" is fixed on the movable contact bracket 600.
  • the housing 110" is also provided with two arc extinguishing units 140".
  • the two arc extinguishing units 140" are respectively provided corresponding to the two static contacts 120", and are used to extinguish the two ends of the movable contact 130" and the static contacts respectively.
  • the two arc extinguishing units 140" respectively extend from the closing position to the opening position.
  • the closing position refers to the movable contact 130" used to cooperate with the static contact 120" when the switch unit 100" is in the closing state.
  • the location of the area; the opening position refers to the location of the area on the movable contact 130" used to cooperate with the static contact 120" when the switch unit 100" is in the opening state. It can be understood that because the movable contact 130" ” are respectively matched with two static contacts 120”. Therefore, there are two closing positions and two opening positions in the housing 110”, of which one closing position and one opening position are located in the movable contact bracket. On one side of 600 , another closing position and another opening position are located on the opposite side of the movable contact bracket 600 .
  • the arc extinguishing inlet of the arc extinguishing unit 140" is set toward the movable contact 130", and the arc extinguishing outlet is away from the movable contact 130".
  • the outlet side of an arc extinguishing unit 140′′ is provided with a first air channel 161 and a second air channel 162 connected thereto, wherein the air channel inlets 165 of the first air channel 161 and the second air channel 162 correspond to the arc extinguishing unit respectively.
  • the closing position and the opening position on the side of 140"; the outlet side of another arc extinguishing unit 140" is provided with a third air channel 163 and a fourth air channel 164 that communicate with it, wherein the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164
  • the air channel inlet 165 of the air channel 164 respectively corresponds to the closing position and the opening position on the side where the arc extinguishing unit 140′′ is located.
  • the setting of the first air channel 161, the second air channel 162, the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164 increases the air blowing effect of the corresponding arc extinguishing unit 140" at the closing position and the opening position, speeding up the arc The speed at which the arc root enters the arc extinguishing unit 140".
  • a curved boss 170 is provided at the airway inlet 165 of at least one of the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164, and the curved boss 170 faces the arc extinguishing unit 140"
  • the side of the arc extinguishing unit 140 ′′ is connected to the inner wall of the housing 110 ′′, and the extension path of at least part of the area is parallel or nearly parallel to the extension path of the outlet side edge of the arc extinguishing unit 140 ′′, so that the outlet side of the arc extinguishing unit 140 ′′ is connected to the housing 110 "The distance between the inner walls remains unchanged or only changes within a small range.
  • the curved boss 170 can be used to compensate This difference guides the arc to move along the arc extinguishing unit 140" and prevents the arc from leaving the arc extinguishing unit 140" in advance.
  • a curved boss 170 is provided at the air channel inlet 165 of the second air channel 162. Without the curved boss 170, the movement path of the arc is shown by the solid arrow in Figure 18. After the curved boss 170 is provided, the movement path of the arc is shown by the dotted arrow in Figure 18.
  • the switch unit 100" is provided with air channels corresponding to the closing position and the opening position on the outlet sides of the two arc extinguishing units 140" respectively, and uses the air channels to increase the arc extinguishing unit 140" at the closing position and the opening position.
  • the air blowing effect at the opening position speeds up the arc root entering the arc extinguishing unit 140", and has better arc extinguishing performance.
  • a curved boss 170 is provided at the airway inlet 165 of at least one airway.
  • the sides of the curved boss 170 are used to form a tendency to wrap the arc extinguishing unit 150, so that the inner wall of the housing 110" is connected to the outlet of the arc extinguishing unit 140".
  • the arc is guided to continue to move within the arc extinguishing unit 140", preventing it from leaving the arc extinguishing unit 140" in advance and entering the airway, further improving the arc extinguishing effect.
  • the internal area of at least one of the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 is in the form of It is arranged in a serpentine shape to extend the stroke of the gas generated by the arc extinguishing in the housing 110 .
  • At least one airway among the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 has its internal area partially or entirely arranged in a serpentine shape, so that in the airway
  • the stroke of the gas generated by the arc extinguishing in the air channel can be extended, which is more conducive to the cooling of the gas.
  • delaying the discharge of the gas can also achieve a better flow rate in the air channel. Good pressure holding effect.
  • first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 or the fourth airway 164 can present a serpentine structure by designing their own shapes, or by providing protrusions or The structure is recessed to give it a serpentine shape.
  • two opposite sides of at least one airway among the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 A plurality of first bosses 167 and second bosses 168 are staggered on each side wall, and the orthographic projections of two adjacent first bosses 167 and second bosses 168 in the airway extension direction partially overlap.
  • a plurality of first bosses 167 are spaced on a side wall of at least one of the first air channel 161, the second air channel 162, the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164, and the other side wall is opposite to
  • a plurality of second bosses 168 are arranged at intervals on the upper part, and the first bosses 167 and the second bosses 168 are staggered to make the inner area of the airway serpentine.
  • the orthographic projections of the two adjacent first bosses 167 and the second boss 168 in the air channel extension direction partially overlap, so that there is no straight path between the air channel inlet 165 and the air channel outlet 166 for the gas generated by arc extinguishing.
  • the airway inlet of at least one of the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 165 is in the shape of a trumpet.
  • the width of the trumpet-shaped airway inlet 165 on the side facing away from the airway outlet 166 (B1 in Figure 18) is larger than that of the airway inlet 165 near the airway outlet 166.
  • the trumpet-shaped airway inlet 165 allows the gas generated by arc extinguishing to enter the airway more smoothly.
  • the longitudinal section of at least one of the first airway 161, the second airway 162, the third airway 163 and the fourth airway 164 is (
  • a flame extinguishing grid is provided on the cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the air passage.
  • the flame extinguishing grid is mesh-shaped and is used to absorb metal particles to prevent the metal particles generated by arc extinguishing from being ejected from the casing 110 .
  • At least one of the first air channel 161, the second air channel 162, the third air channel 163 and the fourth air channel 164 is provided with a clamping slot at the air channel inlet 165, and the flame extinguishing grille is fixed in the clamping slot.
  • the arc sidewalls include a first arc sidewall 111 and a second arc sidewall 190 that are oppositely arranged.
  • the air channel outlet 166 of the first air channel 161 and the fourth air channel 164 is located on the first spray arc side wall 111, and the air channel outlet 166 of the second air channel 162 and the third air channel 163 is located on the second spray arc side wall 190. .
  • the air channel outlets 166 of the two air channels connected to the same arc extinguishing unit 140" do not merge, and are respectively located on different arc side walls of the housing 110". This arrangement can save the width direction (parallel) of the housing 110"
  • the space in the direction of the first arc side wall 111 or the second arc side wall 190 reduces the width of the switch unit 100′′.
  • the two air channel outlets 166 located on the same spray arc side wall are respectively close to two opposite edges of the spray arc side wall so as to be as far away from each other as possible.
  • the first arc spray side wall 111 and the second arc spray side wall 190 are also provided with first connection terminals 181 and second connection terminals 182 respectively.
  • the airway outlets 166 of the first airway 161 and the fourth airway 164 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first terminal 181
  • the airway outlets 166 of the second airway 162 and the third airway 163 are respectively located on the second terminal 182 Opposite sides.
  • the air channel outlet 166 and the connection terminal are located on the same side of the housing 110".
  • the two air channel outlets 166 on the first arc spray side wall 111 are respectively located on both sides of the first connection terminal 181, and on the second arc spray side wall 190
  • the two air channel outlets 166 are respectively located on both sides of the second terminal 182. This arrangement makes it easier to arrange the positions of the air channels, static contacts 120", etc. in the housing 110".
  • a first isolation cavity 210 and a second isolation cavity 211 are provided on the first arc side wall 111 and the second arc side wall 190 respectively.
  • the connection terminal 181 is located in the first isolation cavity 210
  • the second connection terminal 182 is located in the second isolation cavity 211.
  • the first isolation cavity 210 is used to connect the first connection terminal 181 to the first airway 161 and the fourth airway 164.
  • the airway outlet 166 is isolated
  • the second isolation cavity 211 is used to isolate the second connection terminal 182 from the airway outlet 166 of the second airway 162 and the third airway 163 .
  • the first isolation cavity 210 and the second isolation cavity 211 respectively wrap the first connection terminal 181 and the second connection terminal 182, and connect the first connection terminal 181 and the second connection terminal 181 through the side walls of the first isolation cavity 210 and the second isolation cavity 211.
  • the terminal 182 is isolated from the air channel outlet 166, which can prevent the gas generated by arc extinguishing from causing damage to the first connection terminal 181 and the second connection terminal 182 when it is ejected from the air channel outlet 166.
  • the two arc extinguishing chambers 140′′, the first air channel 161 and the third air channel 163, the second air channel 162 and the fourth air channel 164 are all opposite to each other.
  • Such arrangement can make the arc extinguishing effect on both sides of the movable contact 130" basically the same, and improve the wear of both ends of the movable contact 130" and the two static contacts 120" consistency, thereby extending the service life of the switch unit 100".
  • an embodiment of one aspect of the present application discloses an isolating switch 10.
  • the isolating switch 10 includes a plurality of stacked switch units 100 according to one aspect of the present application, an operating mechanism 200 and an operating mechanism.
  • the handle 300 connected to the mechanism 200, the moving contacts 130 in the multiple switch units 100 are connected through the moving contact bracket, the moving contact bracket is connected to the operating mechanism 200, the handle 300 drives the moving contact bracket to rotate through the operating mechanism 200, The rotation of the movable contact bracket drives the movable contact 130 to contact or separate from the stationary contact 120 .
  • the isolating switch 10 includes the switch unit 100 in the previous embodiment. Therefore, the isolating switch 10 has the same beneficial effects as the switch unit 100 in the previous embodiment. The structure and beneficial effects of the switch unit 100 have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and will not be described again here.
  • the isolating switch 10' includes a handle 300', an operating mechanism 200' and a plurality of stacked switches according to the present application.
  • the handle 300' is drivingly connected to the operating mechanism 200'
  • the operating mechanism 200' is drivingly connected to the movable contacts in the switch unit 100' of each layer.
  • the operating mechanism 200' is controlled through the handle 300' to perform closing and opening operations on each layer of switch units 100'.
  • the isolating switch 10' includes the switch unit 100' in the previous embodiment. Therefore, the isolating switch 10' has the same beneficial effects as the switch unit 100' in the previous embodiment.
  • the structure and beneficial effects of the switch unit 100' have been described in detail in the previous embodiments and will not be described again here.
  • the bottom of the housing 110 ′ of the switch unit 100 ′ is provided with a first housing boss 118 and a second housing boss 119 .
  • a housing boss 118 and a second housing boss 119 respectively extend into the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 of another housing adjacent to the housing 110' to connect the The tops of the first housing air passage 114 and the second housing air passage 115 in the other housing are sealed.
  • a plurality of switch units 100 ′′ are stacked through the housing 110 ′′.
  • the bottom of the housing 110" is provided with a first housing boss 118 and a second housing boss 119.
  • the cross-sectional shape and size of the first housing boss 118 are consistent with the cross-sectional shape and size of the first housing air passage 114.
  • Dimensions vary At the same time, the thickness is smaller than the thickness of the first housing air passage 114, and the position corresponds to the position of the first housing air passage 114 along the height direction of the housing 110'; the cross-sectional shape and size of the second housing boss 119 are consistent with those of the first housing air passage 114.
  • the cross-sectional shapes and sizes of the two housing air passages 115 are respectively the same, the thickness is smaller than the thickness of the second housing air passage 115, and the position corresponds to the position of the second housing air passage 115 along the height direction of the housing 110'.
  • the first shell boss 118 extends into the first shell air passage 114
  • the second shell boss 119 extends into the second shell air passage 115, so as to connect the second shell boss 118 to the second shell air passage 115.
  • the tops of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 are sealed so that the arc can only be ejected from the housing air channel outlet 1141 of the first housing air channel 114 and the second housing air channel 115 .
  • the isolating switch 10 includes a handle 300", an operating mechanism 200" and a plurality of stacked switches according to yet another aspect of the present application.
  • the provided switch unit 100" and the handle 300" are drivingly connected to the operating mechanism 200", and the operating mechanism 200" is drivingly connected to the moving contact bracket 600 in each layer of the switch unit 100".
  • the operating mechanism 200" is controlled by rotating the handle 300"
  • the movable contact bracket 600 and the movable contact 130" of the switch unit 100" are driven to rotate, so that the movable contact 130" contacts or separates from the static contact 120", thereby closing and opening multiple switch units 100" at the same time. operate.
  • the isolating switch 10" includes the switch unit 100" in the previous embodiment. Therefore, the isolating switch 10" has the same beneficial effects as the switch unit 100" in the previous embodiment.
  • the structure and beneficial effects of the switch unit 100′′ have been described in detail in the previous embodiments and will not be described again here.
  • An embodiment of one aspect of the application discloses a power supply system, including: a DC source, a power change unit, and isolation switches 10, 10', 10" according to the above embodiments of the application, the DC source and the power conversion The units are connected through isolation switches 10, 10', 10", which are used to open the power supply system.
  • the open state of the isolation switches 10, 10', 10" makes the DC source and power
  • the conversion unit is disconnected, or when the DC source and/or the power conversion unit fails, the power supply system can be opened by operating the isolation switch 10, 10', 10".
  • the power supply system includes the isolation switch 10 in the aforementioned embodiment , 10', 10", therefore, have the same beneficial effects as the isolating switches 10, 10', 10" in the previous embodiment, which will not be described again.
  • the present application discloses a switch unit, an isolation switch and a power supply system.
  • the switch unit of the present application includes a housing with a chamber.
  • the two side walls of the housing that are oppositely arranged along a first direction are disposed with static contacts.
  • the contacts extend into the chamber, and a movable contact that is driven to rotate is set up in the chamber.
  • the two ends of the movable contact come into contact with the static contacts on both sides respectively to present the closing state or separate to present the opening state.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the movable contact and the second direction is between 15° and 65°.
  • Arc extinguishing chambers are provided on opposite sides of the chamber along the second direction, and the arc extinguishing chambers are arranged away from the static contacts and away from the movable contacts.
  • One side of the head is extended and arranged along the rotation direction of the movable contact, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the switch unit, isolation switch and power supply system provided by this application can improve the arc extinguishing effect of the switch unit.
  • the switch unit, isolating switch and power supply system of the present application are reproducible and can be used in a variety of industrial applications.
  • the switch unit, isolation switch and power supply system of the present application can be used in the field of electrical appliance technology.

Abstract

本申请公开了一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，涉及低压电器技术领域，本申请的开关单元，包括具有腔室的壳体，壳体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头，静触头延伸至腔室内，腔室内设置受驱转动的动触头，动触头的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头接触呈现合闸状态或者分离呈现分闸状态，在合闸状态下，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°-65°之间，腔室内沿第二方向相对两侧设置有灭弧室，灭弧室设置于静触头远离动触头的一侧，且沿动触头转动方向延伸排列，第一方向与第二方向垂直。本申请提供的开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，能够提高开关单元的灭弧效果。

Description

开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年7月21日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210864964.5、名称为“一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统”、于2022年7月21日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202210865766.0、名称为“一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统”、于2023年5月23日提交中国国家知识产权局的申请号为202321264101.0、名称为“一种开关单元及隔离开关”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电器技术领域，具体而言，涉及开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统。
背景技术
开关的发展历史从原始的需要人工手动操作的闸刀开关，发展到现在的在各种大型电气控制设备中应用的智能化开关，开关的功能越来越多，安全性也越来越高，其中，隔离开关是一种隔离电源、倒闸操作、用以连通和切断小电流电路的开关器件并且是控制电路必不可少的电气元件之一，在电力系统中起着控制和保护的作用，在许多生产流程和技术设备中得到大量运用。隔离开关在分闸位置时，触头间有符合规定要求的绝缘距离和明显的断开标志；在合闸位置时，能承载正常回路条件下的电流及在规定时间内异常条件(例如短路)下的电流。
目前常用的隔离开关有旋转式隔离开关和直动式隔离开关，对于旋转式隔离开关，由外壳和设置于外壳中的触头组件组成，触头组件包括触头支持和设置于触头支持两侧的动触头，外壳上设置有用于与动触头接触导电的静触头，由操作机构带动触头支持转动，使得动触头在外壳内部旋转与静触头接触或分离，从而实现接通或隔离导电回路的功能，在动触头和静触头分离时会产生电弧，电弧是一束高温等离子体，电弧不仅对动触头和静触头有很大的破坏作用，还会使断开电路的时间延长，给旋转式隔离开关的使用带来隐患。隔离开关包括多个层叠设置的开关单元，开关单元的壳体内部设置与外界连通的燃弧空间，动、静触头分闸时产生的电弧经由燃弧空间离开壳体。
相关技术中采用在动触头和静触头接触导通的位置设置永磁体并通过拉弧的方式进行灭弧，但是灭弧效果有限。
相关的开关单元通常在壳体燃弧空间的外侧设置多个依次分布的永磁体以引导电弧进入燃弧空间并在燃弧空间内移动，但是，永磁灭弧技术往往只能应用于低电压小电流隔离开关，对于高电压大电流隔离开关，通常需要采用栅片灭弧技术将动、静触头分离时产生的电弧熄灭，但灭弧栅片会对电弧产生阻力，使得电弧两端的弧根难以进入灭弧区域内，导致栅片灭弧的优势无法发挥出来。
相关技术为了将合闸位置和分闸位置处的电弧弧根顺利引入灭弧室，在灭弧室的另一侧对应合闸位置和分闸位置的区域分别设置了气道，以增加气吹作用，加快弧根进入灭弧室的速度。
隔离开关的壳体内壁大致呈直线型，而灭弧室边缘的形状则为弧形等不规则的形状，因此导致灭弧室的边缘与壳体内壁之间的距离不断变化，当两者之间的距离较远时，可能导致电弧提前离开灭弧室，无法实现较好的灭弧效果。
发明内容
本申请的一方面提供一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，能够至少提高开关单元的灭弧效果。
根据本申请的一方面的示例性实施例，提供了一种开关单元，开关单元可以包括具有腔室的壳体，壳体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头，静触头延伸至腔室内，腔室内设置受驱转动的动触头，动触头的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头接触呈现合闸状态或者分离呈现分闸状态，在合闸状态下，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，腔室内沿第二方向相对两侧设置有灭弧室，灭弧室设置于静触头远离动触头的一侧，且沿动触头转动方向延伸排列，第一方向与第二方向垂直。
作为一种可实施的方式，灭弧室可以包括沿动触头转动方向设置的第一段和与第一段连接的第二段，第一段靠近静触头设置，且第一段与静触头沿第二方向的投影部分重叠，第一段设置多个具有第一预设夹角的第一栅片，第二段设置多个沿腔室径向延伸的第二栅片，第一段的曲率小于第二段的曲率。
作为一种可实施的方式，第一段可以包括直线段或者第一圆弧段，第二段包括第二圆弧段，其中，第一圆弧段的曲率小于第二圆弧段的曲率。
作为一种可实施的方式，第一栅片和第二栅片朝向动触头的端面均可以内凹形成第一缺口，第一缺口的底壁的部分位置内凹形成第二缺口，相邻两个第二缺口在第三方向上交错设置，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向所在的平面。
作为一种可实施的方式，相邻两个第二缺口沿第三方向的最近距离与相邻两个栅片之间的距离的比值为Y，其中，0.2≤Y≤1.5。
作为一种可实施的方式，第一缺口还可以包括与底壁两端连接的侧壁，侧壁沿第二方向延伸，侧壁与底壁之间的夹角在110°至150°之间。
作为一种可实施的方式，动触头受驱转动以使动触头的端部穿过第一缺口，动触头的端部与第一缺口的侧壁之间的距离可以在0.4至4mm之间。
作为一种可实施的方式，第二栅片可以包括间隔交替设置的第一长栅片和第一短栅片，第一长栅片和第一短栅片远离动触头的端部位于同一弧线上，第一长栅片靠近动触头的端部与动触头旋转中心之间的距离为a，第一短栅片靠近动触头的端部与动触头旋转中心之间的距离为b，a<b。
作为一种可实施的方式，开关单元还可以包括设置于第二段远离第一段一侧的第三栅片，第三栅片包括沿腔室径向延伸的栅部以及与栅部靠近动触头的端部连接的弯折部，弯折部与动触头的端部之间具有预设距离。
作为一种可实施的方式，灭弧室还可以包括设置于第一栅片和第二栅片靠近腔室中心一侧的产气件，产气件包括与第一缺口两侧的端部分别镶嵌的两个产气板，两个产气板相对的侧壁分别向另一个产气板凸出有凸台，凸台沿产气板延伸方向延伸，凸台设置于产气板沿腔室径向的中部。
作为一种可实施的方式，两个凸台之间的距离与栅片沿第三方向的长度的比例可以在15％至45％之间。
作为一种可实施的方式，静触头伸入腔室内的部分可以为接触部，接触部远离腔室的一侧设置有引弧片，引弧片包括依次连接的连接部、引弧部和截止部，连接部与接触部平行、引弧部向远离腔室方向延伸，截止部与第一栅片平行，连接部与引弧部的连接点与接触部的端点平齐。
作为一种可实施的方式，第一段可以包括短栅段和与短栅段连接的交替段，交替段与第二段连接，短栅段与引弧部沿第二方向的投影重叠，交替段包括间隔交替设置的第二长栅片和第二短栅片，短栅段包括多个第三短栅片，第二长栅片、第二短栅片以及第三短栅片组成第一栅片。
根据本申请的一方面的另一些实施例还提供了一种隔离开关，隔离开关可以包括多个层叠设置的根据本申请的一方面所述开关单元、操作机构以及与操作机构连接的手柄，多个开关单元内的动触头通过触头支架连接，触头支架与操作机构连接，手柄通过操作机构带动触头支架转动，触头支架转动带动动触头与静触头接触或者分离。
本申请的一方面的上述实施例的有益效果至少包括：
本申请提供的开关单元，包括具有腔室的壳体，壳体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头，静触头延伸至腔室内，腔室内设置受驱转动的动触头，动触头的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头接触呈现合闸状态或者分离呈现分闸状态，在合闸状态下，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，腔室内沿第二方向相对两侧设置有灭弧室，灭弧室设置于静触头远离动触头的一侧，且沿动触头转动方向延伸排列，第一方向与第二方向垂直。当动触头转动与静触头分离时，动触头与静触头之间产生电弧，电弧是一种高温等离子体，由于高温使得产生电弧处的气压瞬间上升，并且由于气压差，电弧会向气压低的方向流动，由于灭弧室设置于静触头远离动触头的一侧，使得电弧向灭弧室内部流动，灭弧室能够对电弧进行熄灭，从而避免了电弧对开关单元内部的部件造成损坏，另外，本申请中的开关单元在合闸状态下，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，也就是电弧产生时，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°，此时，既能使得电弧更容易地向灭弧室运动，进而电弧快速进入灭弧室，又能提高灭弧室占用的空间，使得在有限的腔室内放置更大的灭弧室，从而提高灭弧能力。
本申请的另一方面提供了一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，能够将合闸位和分闸位处的电弧弧根引入灭弧区域，具有较好的灭弧性能。
根据本申请的另一方面的一些示例性实施例提供的一种开关单元，该开关单元可以包括壳体、动触头支架、相互配合的动触头和静触头，动触头通过动触头支架转动设置在壳体内，静触头固定在壳体内，壳体内划分有灭弧区域，灭弧区域由合闸位延伸至分闸位，壳体内设有第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道，第一壳体气道的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近合闸位的侧壁处，第二壳体气道的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近分闸位的侧壁处，第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口位于壳体的壳体喷弧侧壁上。
可选地，第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道在灭弧区域内汇聚后延伸至喷弧侧壁，第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口复用第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口。
可选地，第一壳体气道和/或第二壳体气道靠近汇聚位置的侧壁设有特斯拉阀，特斯拉阀用于驱动第一壳体气道和/或第二壳体气道 内的电弧由壳体气道入口向壳体气道出口运动。
可选地，第一壳体气道和/或第二壳体气道靠近壳体气道入口处的侧壁上设有弧形凸起，弧形凸起用于使离开灭弧区域的电弧粒子和/或流体进入第一壳体气道或第二壳体气道。
可选地，第一壳体气道的壳体气道入口截面积大于第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口截面积，第二壳体气道的壳体气道入口截面积大于第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口截面积。
可选地，特斯拉阀包括多个，多个特斯拉阀由汇聚位置向第一壳体气道或第二壳体气道的壳体气道入口依次间隔分布，并交错设置在第一壳体气道或第二壳体气道相对的两个侧壁上。
可选地，灭弧区域内设有灭弧室，灭弧室的入口由合闸位延伸至分闸位，灭弧室的出口与第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的气道入口连通。
可选地，合闸位和分闸位还分别设有引弧片，位于合闸位处的引弧片向第一壳体气道的壳体气道入口延伸，位于分闸位处的引弧片向第二壳体气道的壳体气道入口延伸。
可选地，动触头和静触头均包括两个，两个静触头相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，并分别与两个动触头配合，灭弧区域包括第一灭弧区域和第二灭弧区域，第一灭弧区域对应一组动触头和静触头设置，第二灭弧区域对应另一组动触头和静触头设置。
可选地，与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁的第一侧边之间的距离等于与第二灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁的第一侧边之间的距离，与第一灭弧区域连通的第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁的第一侧边之间的距离等于与第二灭弧区域连通的第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁的第一侧边之间的距离，第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口均位于壳体喷弧侧壁中线的侧面，第一侧边平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线。
可选地，与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道和与第二灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，与第一灭弧区域连通的第二壳体气道和与第二灭弧区域连通的第二壳体气道相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置。
可选地，第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口均位于壳体喷弧侧壁的中线上。
可选地，壳体喷弧侧壁具有平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边和第二侧边，与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与第一侧边之间的距离分别大于与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与第二侧边之间的距离。
可选地，壳体喷弧侧壁具有平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边和第二侧边，与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与第一侧边之间的距离分别小于与第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口与第二侧边之间的距离。
根据本申请的另一方面的另一些实施例，还提供了一种隔离开关，隔离开关可以包括手柄、操作机构和多个层叠设置的根据本申请的另一方面所述的开关单元，手柄与操作机构驱动连接，操作机构与每一层开关单元中的动触头驱动连接。
可选地，开关单元的壳体的底部设有第一壳体凸台和第二壳体凸台，第一壳体凸台和第二壳体凸台分别伸入与该壳体相邻的另一壳体的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道内，以将另一壳体内的第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道的顶部密封。
本申请的另一方面的上述实施例的有益效果至少包括：
根据本申请的另一方面所提供的开关单元，包括壳体、动触头支架、相互配合的动触头和静触头，动触头通过动触头支架转动设置在壳体内，静触头固定在壳体内，壳体内划分有灭弧区域，灭弧区域由合闸位延伸至分闸位，壳体内设有第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道，第一壳体气道的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近合闸位的侧壁处，第二壳体气道的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近分闸位的侧壁处，第一壳体气道的壳体气道出口和第二壳体气道的壳体气道出口位于壳体的喷弧侧壁上。上述开关单元，通过在灭弧区域外侧对应合闸位和分闸位的位置处分别设置第一壳体气道和第二壳体气道，以增加灭弧区域的灭弧入口在合闸位和分闸位处的气吹作用，加快了电弧弧根进入灭弧区域的速度，具有较好的灭弧性能。
本申请的再一方面提供了一种开关单元及隔离开关，能够防止电弧提前离开灭弧室，具有较好的灭弧效果。
根据本申请的再一方面的一些实施例，提供了一种开关单元，开关单元可以包括：壳体、转动设置在壳体内的动触头支架、动触头，以及分别与动触头相对的两端配合的两个静触头；壳体内还设有两个灭弧单元、第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道，两个灭弧单元分别位于动触头支架相对的两侧并由合闸位置延伸至分闸位置，第一气道和第二气道与一个灭弧单元连通并分别位于合闸 位置和分闸位置处，第三气道和第四气道与另一个灭弧单元连通并分别位于合闸位置和分闸位置处，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道的气道出口位于壳体的喷弧侧壁上；第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个的气道入口处设有曲线凸台，曲线凸台的侧面至少部分呈包裹灭弧单元的趋势以引导电弧沿灭弧单元运动。
可选地，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个气道的内部区域呈蛇形设置，以延长灭弧产生的气体在壳体内的行程。
可选地，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个气道的相对的两个侧壁上分别交错设置多个第一凸台和第二凸台，相邻的两个第一凸台和第二凸台在直线型气道延伸方向上的正投影部分重合。
可选地，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个气道的气道入口呈喇叭状，喇叭状的气道入口背离气道出口一侧的宽度大于气道入口靠近气道出口一侧的宽度。
可选地，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个气道的纵截面上设有灭焰栅，灭焰栅呈网状，用于吸附金属粒子。
可选地，两个灭弧单元、第一气道和第三气道、第二气道和第四气道均相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线中心对称分布。
可选地，喷弧侧壁包括相对设置的第一喷弧侧壁和第二喷弧侧壁，第一气道和第四气道的气道出口位于第一喷弧侧壁上，第二气道和第三气道的气道出口位于第二喷弧侧壁上。
可选地，第一喷弧侧壁和第二喷弧侧壁上还分别设有第一接线端子和第二接线端子，第一气道和第四气道的气道出口分别位于第一接线端子相对的两侧，第二气道和第三气道的气道出口分别位于第二接线端子相对的两侧。
可选地，第一喷弧侧壁和第二喷弧侧壁上分别设有第一隔离腔和第二隔离腔，第一接线端子位于第一隔离腔内，第二接线端子位于第二隔离腔内，第一隔离腔用于将第一接线端子与第一气道和第四气道的气道出口隔离，第二隔离腔用于将第二接线端子与第二气道和第三气道的气道出口隔离。
根据本申请的再一方面的另一些实施例提供一种隔离开关，隔离开关可以包括手柄、操作机构和多个层叠设置的根据本申请的再一方面所述的开关单元，手柄与操作机构驱动连接，操作机构与每一层开关单元中的动触头支架驱动连接。
本申请的再一方面的实施例的有益效果至少包括：
根据本申请的再一方面的开关单元包括：壳体、转动设置在壳体内的动触头支架、动触头，以及分别与动触头相对的两端配合的两个静触头；壳体内还设有两个灭弧单元、第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道，两个灭弧单元分别位于动触头支架相对的两侧并由合闸位置延伸至分闸位置，第一气道和第二气道与一个灭弧单元连通并分别位于合闸位置和分闸位置处，第三气道和第四气道与另一个灭弧单元连通并分别位于合闸位置和分闸位置处，第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道的气道出口位于壳体的喷弧侧壁上；第一气道、第二气道、第三气道和第四气道中的至少一个的气道入口处设有曲线凸台，曲线凸台的侧面至少部分呈包裹灭弧单元的趋势以引导电弧沿灭弧单元运动。该开关单元在两个灭弧单元的出口侧分别设置与合闸位置和分闸位置对应的气道，利用气道增加灭弧单元在合闸位置和分闸位置处的气吹作用，加快了电弧弧根进入灭弧单元的速度，具有较好的灭弧性能。同时，在至少一个气道的气道入口处设置了曲线凸台，利用曲线凸台的侧面形成包裹灭弧单元的趋势，以在壳体内壁与灭弧单元出口侧边缘的走向有较大差异的位置处，引导电弧继续在灭弧单元内运动，防止其提前离开灭弧单元进入气道，进一步提高了灭弧效果。
根据本申请的上述方面的再一些实施例还提供了一种供电系统，供电系统可以包括：直流源、功率变化单元和根据本申请所述的隔离开关，直流源和功率变换单元通过隔离开关连接，隔离开关的分闸状态使得所述直流源和功率变换单元断开连接。供电系统在直流源和/或功率变换单元故障时可通过操作隔离开关实现分闸。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种开关单元的结构示意图；
图2为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种灭弧室的结构示意图之一；
图3为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种灭弧室的结构示意图之二；
图4为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种灭弧室的结构示意图之三；
图5为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种壳体的结构示意图；
图6为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种灭弧室的结构示意图之四；
图7为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之一；
图8为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之二；
图9为图7中A处的局部放大示意图；
图10为图7中B处的局部放大示意图；
图11为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元中壳体的结构示意图之一；
图12为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之三；
图13为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之四；
图14为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之五；
图15为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元的结构示意图之六；
图16为本申请的再一方面的实施例提供的开关单元结构示意图之一；
图17为本申请的再一方面的实施例提供的开关单元结构示意图之二；
图18为图16中A处的局部放大示意图；
图19为本申请的再一方面的实施例提供的开关单元层叠设置的示意图；
图20为本申请的一方面的实施例提供的一种隔离开关的结构示意图；
图21为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的隔离开关的结构示意图；
图22为本申请的另一方面的实施例提供的开关单元中壳体的结构示意图之二；
图23为本申请的再一方面的实施例提供的隔离开关的结构示意图。
图标：100、100’、100”-开关单元；110、110’、110”-壳体；120、120’、120”-静触头；121-接触部；130、130”-动触头；140、140’-灭弧室；140”-灭弧单元；141-第二段；1411-第二栅片；1412-第一长栅片；1413-第一短栅片；142-第一段；1421-第一栅片；1422-短栅段；1423-交替段；1424-第二长栅片；1425-第二短栅片；1426-第三短栅片；143-第一缺口；1431-侧壁；1432-底壁；144-第二缺口；145-第三栅片；1451-栅部；1452-弯折部；146-产气板；1461-凸台；150、150’-引弧片；151-连接部；152-引弧部；153-截止部；160-腔室；1112-第一灭弧区域；1113-第二灭弧区域；112-合闸位；113-分闸位；114-第一壳体气道；1141-壳体气道出口；115-第二壳体气道；116-壳体喷弧侧壁；1161-第一侧边；1162-第二侧边；117-汇聚位置；118-第一壳体凸台；119-第二壳体凸台；500-特斯拉阀；212-弧形凸起；180-第一固定板；111-第一喷弧侧壁；190-第二喷弧侧壁；210-第一隔离腔；211-第二隔离腔；600-动触头支架；161-第一气道；162-第二气道；163-第三气道；164-第四气道；165-气道入口；166-气道出口；167-第一凸台；168-第二凸台；170-曲线凸台；181-第一接线端子；182-第二接线端子；10、10’、10”-隔离开关；200、200’、200”-操作机构；300、300’、300”-手柄。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该申请产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例 如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
隔离开关在关断时，动触头与静触头分离的瞬间会产生电弧，电弧是一种带电的高温等离子体，当电弧与开关单元内的部件接触时，高温可能会损坏隔离开关的壳体以及动静触头。
现有的直流型隔离开关往往采用永磁灭弧技术，虽然结构简单，燃弧时间较短，但是燃弧能量大，喷弧距离远。然而，永磁灭弧技术往往只能应用于低电压小电流隔离开关，对于高电压大电流隔离开关，栅片灭弧能够快速削弱电弧能量，更具优势。但是，高电压大电流隔离开关需要排布较多的栅片，电弧进入栅片的阻力较大，现有的常规气道设计很难将电弧两端的弧根快速引入灭弧区域内，导致栅片灭弧的优势无法发挥出来。
本申请的一方面的实施例提供了一种开关单元100，如图1和图5所示，开关单元100包括具有腔室160的壳体110，壳体110沿第一方向(如图1中的A方向)相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头120，静触头120延伸至腔室160内，腔室160内设置受驱转动的动触头130，动触头130的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头120接触呈现合闸状态或者与两侧的静触头120分离呈现分闸状态，动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向(如图1中的B方向)的夹角(如图1中的θ1)在15°至65°之间，腔室160内沿第二方向B相对两侧设置有灭弧室140，灭弧室140设置于静触头120远离动触头130的一侧，且沿动触头130转动方向延伸排列，第一方向A与第二方向B垂直。
本申请实施例的开关单元100是隔离开关10的一个单元，在隔离开关10合闸时，如图1所示，动触头130的两端分别与静触头120接触，实现电流的传输。在隔离开关10断开时，隔离开关10的触头支架带动动触头130旋转。具体地，动触头130由图1中的位置沿图1中D→E的方向旋转，从而与静触头120分离。分离的瞬间，由于解除了动触头130对静触头120的按压，产生热电子发射，同时，动触头130与静触头120之间的间隙较小，使得电压强度较高，产生强电场发射。从阴极表面逸出的电子在强电场作用下，加速向阳极运动，发生碰撞游离，导致动触头130与静触头120之间中带电质点急剧增加，温度骤然升高，产生热游离，此时，动触头130与静触头120之间的间隙被击穿，形成电弧。
本申请的实施例在静触头120远离动触头130的一侧设置灭弧室140，灭弧室140沿动触头130转动方向延伸，动触头130与静触头120分离时产生的电弧，会在灭弧室140内熄灭，从而避免了电弧损毁开关单元100内部部件。
动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角θ1在15°至65°之间。动触头130在转动过程中与静触头120接触或者分离来实现开关单元100的合闸和分闸。当动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向B的夹角小于15°时，动触头130与静触头120接触的位置距离侧壁更远，使得预留给灭弧室140的空间越大，但是，由于角度太小，使得灭弧室140相对于动触头130倾斜的角度更大，因此电弧不容易进入灭弧室140熄灭；当动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向B的夹角大于65°时，电弧更容易进入灭弧室140内熄灭，但是，预留给灭弧室140的空间变小，使得灭弧室140的灭弧能力变弱。基于上述考虑，本申请实施例将动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角设置在15°至65°之间，电弧能够平滑的进入灭弧室140，使得电弧更容易向灭弧室140运动，进而快速地进入灭弧室140，又能在壳体110内沿第二方向的两侧预留出更大的空间，能够为灭弧室140提供更大的安装空间，从而提高灭弧室140的灭弧能力。
另外，动触头130延伸方向与第一方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，夹角的具体的数值在本申请实施例中不做限制，示例性地的，动触头130延伸方向与第一方向的夹角可以是30°、可以是45°、也可以是60°，优选地，动触头130延伸方向与第一方向的夹角可以设置为45°。
由上述可知，本申请实施例为双断点隔离开关10的开关单元100，在壳体110沿第一方向相对的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头120，使得两个静触头120近似地设置于壳体110的对角线的两端，对应双断点设置有两组灭弧室140，两组灭弧室140中心旋转布置于腔室160内，在其他非双断点的开关单元100中，或者非对角线布置的双断点开关单元100中，灭弧室140可以有其他的布置方式，本申请不做限制。
本申请提供的开关单元100，包括具有腔室160的壳体110，壳体110沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头120，静触头120延伸至腔室160内，腔室160内设置受驱转动的动触头130，动触头130的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头120接触呈现合闸状态或者与两侧的静触头120分离呈现分闸状态，在合闸状态下，动触头130延伸方向与第二方向B的夹角在15°至65°之间，腔室160内沿第二方向B相对两侧设置有灭弧室140，灭弧室140设置于静触头120远离动触头130的一侧，且沿动触头130转动方向延伸排列，第一方向A与第二方向B垂直。当动触头130转动与静触头120分离时，动触头130与静触头120之间产生电弧，电弧是一种高温等离子体，由于高温使得产生电弧处的气压瞬间上升，并且由于气压产生，电弧会向气压低的方向流动，由于灭弧室140 设置于静触头120远离动触头130的一侧，使得电弧向灭弧室140内部流动，灭弧室140能够对电弧进行熄灭，从而避免了电弧对开关单元100内部的部件造成损坏，另外，本申请中的开关单元100在合闸状态下，动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向B的夹角θ1在15°至65°之间，也就是说，电弧产生时，动触头130的延伸方向与第二方向B的夹角θ1在15°至65°，此时，既能使得电弧更容易地向灭弧室140运动，又能提高灭弧室140占用的空间，从而使得在有限的腔室160内放置更大的灭弧室140，从而提高灭弧能力。可选地，如图1、图2所示，灭弧室140包括沿动触头130转动方向的第一段142和与第一段142连接的第二段141，第一段142靠近静触头120设置，且第一段142与静触头120沿第二方向的投影部分重叠，第一段142设置多个具有第一预设夹角的第一栅片1421，第二段141设置多个沿腔室160径向延伸的第二栅片1411，第一段142的曲率小于第二段141的曲率。
当有电弧产生时，在电弧的运动过程中，被第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411靠近动触头130的端部将电弧切割形成短弧，而短弧的带电量和温度较低，从而更容易熄灭。在动触头130转动与静触头120分离过程中，电弧被第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411切割后沿着相邻两个栅片之间的缝隙流出后进入底部气道并排出，第一段142的曲率小于第二段141的曲率，使得第一栅片1421朝向底部气道方向接近于平行排布，从而使得相邻两个第一栅片1421之间缝隙的电弧流体加速更快，有利于在动触头130与静触头120分离的初期，电弧能够在气吹的作用下快速进入灭弧室140。第二段141包括多个沿腔室160径向延伸的第二栅片1411，使得第二栅片1411采用扇形排布，是因为如果还采用与第一栅片1421相同的近似平行排布，由于动触头130是圆周运动，将导致动触头130端部与第二栅片1411之间的距离较远，难以引弧，同时栅片间气流方向也与出气口不一致，导致出气困难。
第二段141的第二栅片1411沿腔室160的径向排列，所以第二段141所在的圆弧是以动触头130的转动中心为中心，第一段142的曲率在本申请实施例中不做限制，示例的，为了更有效的利用腔室160内空间，将灭弧室140的体积设置的更大一些，可以将第一段142的曲率设置的尽量小一些。
应当理解的是，第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411是为了切割电弧，所以，第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411的延伸方向应当是垂直于第一方向设置，使得栅片竖立，而且，栅片的一个侧边朝向动触头130。
如图1、图2所示，第一段142的设置使得在有限的空间内排布了更多的栅片，充分利用了腔室160内的空间，更多的栅片能够将电弧切成更短的短弧，更有利于电弧的熄灭。
第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411的具体个数以及相邻两个栅片之间的间距在本申请实施例中不做限制。示例的，可以将第一栅片1421的数量设置为13个，沿动触头130转动方向依次排列，第二栅片1411的数量可以为12个，侧边朝向腔室160。相邻两个栅片之间的间隔在1mm至2mm之间，其中，第一栅片1421的间隔距离是指相邻两个第一栅片1421的远离动触头130的端部之间的距离。
另外，为了固定第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411的位置，通常在第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411沿第三方向的两端设置绝缘板，绝缘板分别与第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411的同侧端连接，使得两侧的绝缘板夹持第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411。
具体地，第一段包括直线段或者第一圆弧段，所述第二段包括第二圆弧段，其中，第一圆弧段的曲率小于第二圆弧段的曲率。
作为本申请实施例的另一种可实现的方式，具体地，当第一段142的曲率进一步减小至形成直线段时，灭弧室140包括沿动触头130转动方向设置的直线段和与直线段连接的第二圆弧段，直线段靠近静触头120设置，且直线段与静触头120在第二方向上的投影部分重叠，当靠近灭弧室140设置为直线段时，能够充分利用腔室160内的空间，排布更多的栅片，从而使得更多的栅片能够将电弧切成更短的短弧，更有利于电弧的熄灭。
本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，如图3和图6所示，第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411朝向动触头130的端面均内凹形成第一缺口143，第一缺口143的底壁1432的部分位置内凹形成第二缺口144，相邻两个第二缺口144在第三方向上交错设置，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向所在的平面。
第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411朝向动触头130的端面均内凹形成第一缺口143，第一缺口143两侧的侧壁1431伸出，电弧为高温的等离子体，等离子体带电，由于电磁感应定律，使得电弧存在自身的感应磁场，电弧在自身感应磁场下受到左右方向的力值相反，大小相等，受力的总和为零，当电弧碰到第一栅片1421或者第二栅片1411之后，电弧靠近灭弧片一侧的磁力线发生扭曲，直接从磁阻更小的栅片里面通过，第一缺口143的设置使得靠近缺口这一侧的磁力线密度变得稀疏，导致电弧两侧受力的大小不同，从而产生一个吹弧力，使得电弧向灭弧室140内部运动。
当电弧进入第二缺口144时，由于相邻两个第二缺口144交错设置，使得电弧最先碰到的栅片的底壁1432的数量减少，因为第二缺口144的存在使得部分栅片的底壁1432没有第一时间与电弧接触，从而不会对电弧切割灭弧，这样，电弧在初始阶段进入腔室160的阻力减小，从而使得电弧能够顺利进入栅片之间，避免了电弧第一时间与过多栅片均接触，阻力太大导致电弧不能顺利进入栅片之 间的情况发生，另外，电弧进入栅片后，电弧会在交错设置的第二缺口144处被拉长成交错的折线(如图6所示)，这样增加了电弧的弧段长度，从而增加电弧电压，使得电弧更快熄灭。
可选地，相邻两个第二缺口144沿第三方向的最近距离(如图3和图6中d所示)与相邻两个栅片之间的距离的比值为Y，其中，0.2≤Y≤1.5。
由上述可知，第二缺口144在第三方向上交错设置，减小了电弧进入栅片之间的阻力，应当理解的是，相邻两个第二缺口144交错的距离不多时，对减小电阻的作用有限，电弧在交错设置的第二缺口144处被拉长成交错的折线后，增加的电弧的弧段长度有限，但是，当相邻两个第二缺口144交错的距离过多时，电弧交错拉长的阻力就会增大，交错作用就会失效，电弧不会被拉长，起不到相应的作用，基于上述理由，本申请实施例将相邻两个第二缺口144沿第三方向的最近距离与相邻两个栅片之间的距离的比值设置为Y，其中，0.2≤Y≤1.5。
可以理解的是，如图3、图6所示，因为相邻两个第二缺口144沿第三方向交错设置，相邻两个第二缺口144沿第三方向的最近距离即是指前一个第二缺口144靠近后一个第二缺口144的侧壁1431所在的面与后一个第二缺口144靠近前一个第二缺口144的侧壁1431所在的面之间的距离。
可选地，如图4所示，第一缺口143还包括与底壁1432两端连接的侧壁1431，侧壁1431沿第二方向延伸，侧壁1431与底壁1432之间的夹角(如图4中θ2所示)在110°至150°之间。
当侧壁1431与底壁1432之间的夹角设置在110°至150°之间时，侧壁1431沿第二方向延伸，使得底壁1432相对于第二方向具有一定的倾斜角，当电弧进入第一缺口143时，底壁1432的倾斜有利于压缩弧柱，将电弧快速引入到第二缺口144，同时，底壁1432的斜面也有利于增强栅片的去磁场强度，增加电弧的磁吹力。
本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，动触头130受驱转动以使动触头130的端部穿过第一缺口143，动触头130的端部与第一缺口143的侧壁1431之间的距离在0.4至4mm之间。
为了提高灭弧室140的灭弧效果，动触头130尽量的靠近灭弧室140的有效灭弧区域，当动触头130受驱转动时，动触头130的端部穿过第一缺口143，使得动触头130的端部位于第一缺口143内，从而增加灭弧效果，但是，当动触头130的端部与第一缺口143的侧壁1431距离太近时，动触头130上的电弧，也就是高温等离子体会对第一缺口143的侧壁1431造成烧损形成凸起，凸起从侧壁1431的表面凸出从而与动触头130发生干涉将会影响开关单元100的正常工作。示例的，本申请将动触头130的端部与第一缺口143的侧壁1431之间的距离设置在0.4至4mm之间，能够在保护第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411的同时提高灭弧效果。
本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，如图2所示，第二栅片1411包括间隔交替设置的第一长栅片1412和第一短栅片1413，第一长栅片1412和第一短栅片1413远离动触头130的端部位于同一弧线上，第一长栅片1412靠近动触头130的端部与动触头130旋转中心之间的距离为a，第一短栅片1413靠近动触头130的端部与动触头130旋转中心之间的距离为b，其中，a<b。
由上述可知，第一栅片1421朝向动触头130的断面内凹形成第一缺口143，使得第一缺口143两侧的侧壁1431在电弧的作用下产生吹弧力，其中，侧壁1431沿第二方向的长度越长，产生的吹弧力就越大。为了提高灭弧室140的吹弧力，第二栅片1411包括多个第一长栅片1412，但是，由于第二栅片1411沿动触头130的转动方向设置，使得第二栅片1411成扇形排布，为了避免多个第一长栅片1412靠近动触头130的一侧干涉，在相邻两个第一长栅片1412之间插入多个第一短栅片1413，第一短栅片1413能够进一步提高吹弧力。
另外，需要说明的是，第一长栅片1412的长度大于第一短栅片1413的长度，由于多个第一缺口143沿动触头130的转动方向设置，从而使得第一长栅片1412中第一缺口143的侧壁1431大于第一短栅片1413中第一缺口143的侧壁1431。
可选地，如图1、图2所示，开关单元100还包括设置于第二段141远离第一段142一侧的第三栅片145，第三栅片145包括沿腔室160径向延伸的栅部1451以及与栅部1451靠近动触头130的端部连接的弯折部1452，弯折部1452与动触头130的端部具有预设距离。当动触头130与静触头120分离后到达第三栅片145的位置处，弯折部1452对动触头130上残余的电弧进行引弧并熄灭。
需要说明的是，弯折部1452与动触头130的端部具有预设距离是指在动触头130运动的过程中，弯折部1452的表面与动触头130沿腔室160的径向的距离。
本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，灭弧室140还包括设置于第一栅片和第二栅片靠近腔室160中心一侧的产气件，产气件包括与第一缺口143两侧的端部分别镶嵌的两个产气板146，两个产气板146相对的侧壁1431分别向另一个产气板146凸出有凸台1461，凸台1461沿产气板146延伸方向延伸，凸台1461设置于产气板146沿腔室160径向的中部。
产气板146采用产气材料制成，产气材料在高温的情况下会产生气体，能够加速电弧的流动，增加电弧与第一栅片1421和第二栅片1411接触的几率，从而提高第一栅片1421与第二栅片1411的切割电弧的几率，从而提高灭弧效果。另外，两个产气板146相对的侧壁1431分别设置有沿产气板146延伸方向的凸台1461，凸台1461设置于产气板146沿腔室160径向的中部，使得沿腔室160的径向，两个产气板146之间的距离由大变小再变大，根据拉瓦尔效应，使得电弧流动到两个凸台1461之间时，由于两个凸台1461之间的距离减小，从而能够增加流动到此处的电弧的流速，提高灭弧效果。
产气板146采用产气材料制成，具体的材料在本申请实施例中不做限制，例如产气材料可以是尼龙6/6(聚酰胺)或POM(聚甲醛)或三聚氰胺中的一种。
可选地，两个凸台1461之间的距离与栅片沿第三方向的长度的比例在15％至45％之间。
当两个凸台1461之间的距离过大时，拉瓦尔效应不太明显，不能起到加速电弧的作用，当两个凸台1461之间的距离过小时，由于距离过小导致电弧流动受阻，从而提升电弧流速的作用不明显，本申请实施例将两个凸台1461之间的距离与栅片沿第三方向的长度的比例在15％至45％之间，能够最大程度的加速电弧的流动。
本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，如图5所示，静触头120的接触部121远离腔室160的一侧设置有引弧片150，引弧片150包括依次连接的连接部151、引弧部152和截止部153，连接部151与接触部121平行、引弧部152向远离腔室160方向延伸，截止部153与第一栅片1421平行，连接部151与引弧部152的连接点与接触部121的端点平齐。
为了充分利用第一段142处的栅片，使得更多的电弧流向第一段142，本申请实施例在接触部121远离腔室160的一侧设置引弧片150，其中，连接部151用于保护壳体110，引弧部152向远离腔室160方向延伸，能够更大程度地为灭弧室140开辟空间，使得灭弧室140设置的栅片更多，从而提高灭弧能力，另外，引弧部152还用于将电弧引入灭弧室140的第一段142，使得灭弧室140增加的栅片能够起到切割电弧的作用。
可选地，如图2所示，第一段142包括短栅段1422和与短栅段1422连接的交替段1423，交替段1423与第二段141连接，短栅段1422与引弧部152沿第二方向的投影重叠，交替段1423包括间隔交替设置的第二长栅片1424和第二短栅片1425，短栅段1422包括多个第三短栅片1426，第二长栅片1424、第二短栅片1425以及第三短栅片1426组成第一栅片1421。第三短栅片1426的设置充分利用了腔室160内的空间，提高灭弧室140的灭弧能力。
本申请的另一方面的实施例提供了一种开关单元100’，如图7和图8所示，开关单元100’包括壳体110’、动触头支架、相互配合的动触头和静触头120’，动触头通过动触头支架转动设置在所述壳体110’内，静触头120’固定在壳体110’内，壳体110’内划分有灭弧区域，灭弧区域由合闸位112延伸至分闸位113，壳体110’内设有第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近合闸位112的侧壁处，第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口与灭弧区域连通并位于灭弧区域靠近分闸位113的侧壁处，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141位于壳体110’的壳体喷弧侧壁116上。
开关单元100’包括壳体110’、动触头支架、动触头和静触头120’，静触头120’固定在壳体110’内，动触头通过动触头支架转动设置在壳体110’内以与静触头120’接触合闸或分离分闸。动触头和静触头120’在分闸过程中，在动触头和静触头120’之间会产生电弧，为了将电弧熄灭，壳体110’内设置有灭弧区域，灭弧区域由壳体110’中的合闸位112延伸至分闸位113，以使分闸过程中产生的电弧能够顺利进入灭弧区域内。应理解，壳体110’的合闸位112即开关单元100’处于合闸状态时，动触头所在的位置；分闸位113即开关单元100处于分闸状态时，动触头所在的位置。
为了将合闸位112和分闸位113处的电弧弧根顺利引入灭弧区域，壳体110’内还设有第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115，其中，第一壳体气道114用于引导合闸位112处的电弧弧根，第二壳体气道115用于引导分闸位113处的电弧弧根。具体地，第一壳体气道114位于灭弧区域靠近合闸位112处的侧壁旁，第二壳体气道115位于灭弧区域靠近分闸位113处的侧壁旁，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的气道入口分别与灭弧区域连通，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141位于壳体110’的壳体喷弧侧壁116上。第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的设置，能够增加灭弧区域在合闸位112和分闸位113处的气吹作用，加快了电弧弧根进入灭弧区域的速度。
本实施例中，对第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141在壳体110’的壳体喷弧侧壁116上的位置不作限定，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141可以间隔设置，相互独立；如图7所示，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141也可以为同一出口，也即是第二壳体气道115复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141。
上述开关单元100’在灭弧区域外侧对应合闸位112和分闸位113的位置处分别设置第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115，以增加灭弧区域在合闸位112和分闸位113处的气吹作用，加快了电弧弧根进入灭弧区域的速度，具有较好的灭弧性能。
可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115在灭弧区域内汇聚后延伸至壳体喷弧侧壁116，第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141，以减少壳体110’的壳体喷弧侧壁116上的开口数量，使电弧粒子和/或高温流体由壳体喷弧侧壁116上的同一位置喷出，方便对喷出的电弧粒子和/或高温流体进行引导和收集。
请参照图7和图9，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一壳体气道114和/或第二壳体气道115靠近汇聚位置117的侧壁设有特斯拉阀500，特斯拉阀500用于驱动第一壳体气道114和/或第二壳体气道115内的电弧由壳体气道入口向壳体气道出口1141运动。
第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115在壳体110’内汇聚，然后延伸至壳体喷弧侧壁116处，第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115共用同一出口。电弧粒子和/或高温流体运动至汇聚位置117处时，第一壳体气道114中的电弧粒子和/或高温流体可能继续向壳体气道出口1141处运动，也可能反冲至第二壳体气道115内，同样，第二壳体气道115中的电弧粒子和/或高温流体也可能继续向壳体气道出口1141处运动，或者反冲至第一壳体气道114内。为了减少电弧粒子和/或高温流体到达汇聚位置117后的反冲，在第一壳体气道114和/或第二壳体气道115靠近汇聚位置117处的侧壁上设置特斯拉阀500，特斯拉阀500具有固定的几何形状，其可以使流体单向流通。
以第一壳体气道114内的电弧粒子和/或高温流体反冲至第二壳体气道115内为例，如图9中的箭头所示，第二壳体气道115内的特斯拉阀500引导反冲至第二壳体气道115内的电弧粒子和/或高温流体向气道出口1141处流动。
应理解，特斯拉阀500可以仅设置在第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115内，也可以同时设置在第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115内。具体可以根据第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的形状、尺寸等参数进行选择。
可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，特斯拉阀500包括多个，多个特斯拉阀500由汇聚位置117向第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口依次间隔分布，并交错设置在第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115相对的两个侧壁上。
为了提高对反冲电弧粒子和/或高温流体的引出效果，一个壳体气道内可以设置多个特斯拉阀500。以第一壳体气道114内设置多个特斯拉阀500为例进行说明，第一壳体气道114具有垂直于壳体110’底部的相对的第一侧壁和第二侧壁，多个特斯拉阀500依次交错设置在第一侧壁和第二侧壁上，并沿汇聚位置117向第一壳体气道114的壳体气道入口处间隔分布。应理解，多个特斯拉阀500对电弧粒子和/或高温流体的引导方向应相同，即引导电弧粒子和/或高温流体向壳体气道出口1141处移动。第二壳体气道115内设置多个特斯拉阀500的方式与第一壳体气道114相同，本实施例在此不再赘述。
请继续参照图7，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道入口截面积大于第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141截面积，第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口截面积大于第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141截面积，以加速电弧粒子和/或高温流体向壳体气道出口1141运动，提高开关单元100’的灭弧效果。
请参照图7和图10，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一壳体气道114和/或第二壳体气道115靠近气道入口处的侧壁上设有弧形凸起212，弧形凸起212用于使离开灭弧区域的电弧粒子和/或流体顺利进入第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115。
第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口处容易形成涡流，弧形凸起212的设置可以减少涡流的产生，加速电弧进入第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115内。应理解，弧形凸起212可以仅设置在第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115内，也可以同时设置在第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115内。具体可以根据第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的形状、尺寸等参数进行选择。
请参照图7和图8，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，灭弧区域内设有灭弧室140’，灭弧室140’的入口由合闸位112延伸至分闸位113，灭弧室140’的出口与第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口连通。进入灭弧区域内的电弧会进入灭弧室140’内被熄灭，剩余的电弧粒子和/或高温流体则经由第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115离开壳体。
可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，灭弧室140’包括相对设置的第一固定板180和第二固定板，以及设置在第一固定板180和第二固定板之间的多个间隔设置的栅片，多个栅片由灭弧区域的入口向灭弧区域的内部延伸。
第一固定板180和第二固定板平行于壳体110’的底面，第一固定板180和第二固定板之间夹持固定多个栅片，多个栅片间隔设置，栅片的一端朝向灭弧区域的入口设置、相对的另一端朝向第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115设置。分闸过程中产生的电弧，先进入栅片所在的区域被分割成多个弧段，电弧燃烧产生的电弧粒子和/或高温流体则分流至第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115内。相 邻的两个栅片之间间隔设置，以使第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口通过相邻两个栅片之间的间隙与灭弧区域连通。第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115与栅片配合使用，提高了开关单元100’的灭弧效果。
应理解，多个栅片的延伸路径可以相互平行，也可以具有预设夹角，多个栅片的长度可以相同，也可以不同，本领域技术人员可以根据灭弧区域的形状进行合理设计。
可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，合闸位112和分闸位113还分别设有引弧片150’，位于合闸位112处的引弧片150’向第一壳体气道114的壳体气道入口延伸，位于分闸位113处的引弧片150’向第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口延伸。引弧片150’与第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115配合，引导合闸位112和分闸位113处的电弧弧根加速进入灭弧区域内。
示例地，设置在合闸位112处的引弧片150’位于灭弧区域外的部分与静触头120’贴合、位于灭弧区域内的部分沿灭弧室140’的侧面延伸至第一壳体气道114的壳体气道入口处。设置在分闸位113处的引弧片150’位于灭弧区域外的部分沿壳体110’的内壁延伸、位于灭弧区域内的部分沿灭弧室140’的侧面延伸至第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口处。可选地，引弧片150’包括依次连接的多段，至少一段引弧片150’向第一壳体气道114或第二壳体气道115的壳体气道入口处延伸。
请参照图7，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，动触头和静触头120’均包括两个，两个静触头120’相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，并分别与两个动触头配合，灭弧区域包括第一灭弧区域1112和第二灭弧区域1113，第一灭弧区域1112对应一组动触头和静触头120设置，第二灭弧区域1113对应另一组动触头和静触头120’设置。
本实施例中，动触头和静触头120’的配合组数为两组，两个动触头分别与两个静触头120’同时接触或同时分离。两组动触头和静触头120’合分闸的路径上分别设有第一灭弧区域1112和第二灭弧区域1113，用于对分闸产生的电弧进行熄灭。
应理解，壳体110’的两侧分别设有与第一灭弧区域1112和第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115，此时，壳体110’具有相对的两个壳体喷弧侧壁，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141位于一个壳体喷弧侧壁116上，与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141位于另一个壳体喷弧侧壁上。
示例地，请结合参照图11，与同一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115共用同一出口，两个壳体喷弧侧壁上的壳体气道出口1141的高度相等，且壳体气道出口1141的顶部延伸至壳体110’的上边缘。也即是，一个壳体喷弧侧壁116上的壳体气道出口1141的底部与顶部之间的距离为H1，另一个壳体喷弧侧壁上的壳体气道出口1141的底部与顶部之间的距离为H2，H1＝H2。
请参照图12，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离D1等于与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离D2，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离等于与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141均位于壳体喷弧侧壁116中线的侧面，第一侧边1161平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线。
本实施例中，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114不对称，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第二壳体气道115和与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第二壳体气道115也不对称，但两个第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和两个第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141分别位于垂直于壳体喷弧侧壁116的直线上，且该直线不经过壳体喷弧侧壁116的中线。该布局方案，在隔离开关安装于客户系统中时，方便客户对气道出口1141进行避让设计，也方便隔离开关200通过两侧卡轨的方式安装固定。
需要说明的是，壳体喷弧侧壁116的中线即为壳体喷弧侧壁116上边和下边中点的连线，壳体喷弧侧壁116的中线平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线。
图12中示出的实施例为第二壳体气道115复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141的实施例。在一些其他实施例中，当第二壳体气道115不复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141时，两个第一壳体气道114位于一条垂直于壳体喷弧侧壁116的直线上，两个第二壳体气道115位于另一条垂直于壳体喷弧侧壁116的直线上。
请参照图13，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第二壳体气道115和与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第二壳体气道115相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置。
在本实施例中，两个第一壳体气道114和两个第二壳体气道115分别相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称分布，因此，两个第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和两个第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141也相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称分布。该布局方案，可以使第一灭弧区域1112和第二灭弧区域1113的灭弧性能保持一致。
图13中示出的实施例为第二壳体气道115复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141的实施例。在一些其他实施例中，当第二壳体气道115不复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141时，两个第一壳体气道114位于一条过动触头支架的旋转中心且与壳体喷弧侧壁116夹角为锐角的直线上，两个第二壳体气道115位于另一条过动触头支架的旋转中心且与壳体喷弧侧壁116夹角为锐角的直线上。
可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141均位于壳体喷弧侧壁116的中线上。
本实施例中，两个第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141和两个第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141分别位于垂直于壳体喷弧侧壁116的直线上，且该直线经过壳体喷弧侧壁116的中线。也即是，第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离D3等于第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第二侧边1162之间的距离D4；第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第一侧边1161之间的距离等于第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁116的第二侧边1162之间的距离。优选的，第二壳体气道115复用第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口1141，以节省壳体110’高度方向的尺寸，扩大壳体气道出口1141的截面积。
请参照图14，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，壳体喷弧侧壁116具有平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边1161和第二侧边1162，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离分别大于与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
也即是，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离大于该壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离；与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离大于该壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
由于两个壳体喷弧侧壁116上的壳体气道出口1141相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称分布，故与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离分别小于与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
请参照图15，可选地，本发明实施例的一种可实现的方式中，壳体喷弧侧壁116具有平行于动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边1161和第二侧边1162，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离分别小于与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
也即是，与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第一壳体气道114的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离小于该壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离；与第一灭弧区域1112连通的第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离小于该壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
由于两个壳体喷弧侧壁116上的壳体气道出口1141相对于动触头支架的旋转轴线对称分布，故与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第一侧边1161之间的距离分别大于与第二灭弧区域1113连通的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口与第二侧边1162之间的距离。
本申请的再一方面的实施例提供了一种开关单元100”，如图16至图19所示，开关单元100”包括：壳体110”、转动设置在壳体110’内的动触头支架600、动触头130”，以及分别与动触头130”相对的两端配合的两个静触头120”；壳体110”内还设有两个灭弧单元140”(在一些示例性实施例中，灭弧单元也被称为灭弧室)、第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164，两个灭弧单元140”分别位于动触头支架600相对的两侧并由合闸位置延伸至分闸位置，第一气道161和第二气道162与一个灭弧单元140”连通并分别位于合闸位置和分闸位置处，第三气道163和第四气道164与另一个灭弧单元140”连通并分别位于合闸位置和分闸位置处，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164的气道出口166位于壳体110”的喷弧侧壁上；第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个的气道入口165处设有曲线凸台170，曲线凸台170的侧面至少部分呈包裹灭弧单元140”的趋势以引导电弧沿灭弧单元140”运动。
在一些示例性实施例中，在该实施例中的第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164的具体构型不同于前述本申 请的另一方面的实施例中的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的具体构型。
开关单元100”包括壳体110”、动触头支架600、动触头130”和静触头120”，静触头120”固定在壳体110”内，动触头支架600转动设置在壳体110”内，动触头130”固定在动触头支架600上，动触头130”在跟随动触头支架600旋转的过程中，其两端分别与两个静触头120”接触合闸或分离分闸。壳体110”内还设有两个灭弧单元140”，两个灭弧单元140”分别对应两个静触头120”设置，用于分别熄灭动触头130”的两端与静触头120”分离时产生的电弧。两个灭弧单元140”分别由合闸位置延伸至分闸位置，其中，合闸位置是指开关单元100”处于合闸状态时，动触头130”上用于与静触头120”配合的区域所在的位置；分闸位置是指开关单元100”处于分闸状态时，动触头130”上用于与静触头120”配合的区域所在的位置。可以理解，由于动触头130”的两端分别与两个静触头120”配合，因此，壳体110”内具有两个合闸位置和两个分闸位置，其中一个合闸位置和一个分闸位置位于动触头支架600的一侧，另一个合闸位置和另一个分闸位置位于动触头支架600相对的另一侧。
灭弧单元140”的灭弧入口朝向动触头130”设置，灭弧出口则背离动触头130”。为了将合闸位置和分闸位置处的电弧弧根顺利引入灭弧单元140”，一个灭弧单元140”的出口侧设置了与其连通的第一气道161和第二气道162，其中，第一气道161和第二气道162的气道入口165分别对应该灭弧单元140”所在侧的合闸位置和分闸位置；另一个灭弧单元140”的出口侧设置了与其连通的第三气道163和第四气道164，其中，第三气道163和第四气道164的气道入口165分别对应该灭弧单元140”所在侧的合闸位置和分闸位置。第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164的设置增加了对应的灭弧单元140”在合闸位置和分闸位置处的气吹作用，加快电弧弧根进入灭弧单元140”的速度。
第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个的气道入口165处设有曲线凸台170，曲线凸台170朝向灭弧单元140”的侧面与壳体110”的内壁连接，且至少部分区域的延伸路径与其对应的灭弧单元140”出口侧边缘的延伸路径平行或近乎平行，以使灭弧单元140”出口侧与壳体110”内壁之间的距离不变或仅在较小范围内变动，如此设置，在壳体110”内壁与灭弧单元140”出口侧边缘的走向有较大差异时，可以利用曲线凸台170弥补该差异，引导电弧沿灭弧单元140”运动，防止电弧提前离开灭弧单元140”。请结合参照图18，示例地，第二气道162的气道入口165处设有曲线凸台170，若无该曲线凸台170，电弧的运动路径如图18中的实线箭头所示，而设置该曲线凸台170后，电弧的运动路径如图18中的虚线箭头所示。
综上所述，该开关单元100”在两个灭弧单元140”的出口侧分别设置与合闸位置和分闸位置对应的气道，利用气道增加灭弧单元140”在合闸位置和分闸位置处的气吹作用，加快了电弧弧根进入灭弧单元140”的速度，具有较好的灭弧性能。同时，在至少一个气道的气道入口165处设置了曲线凸台170，利用曲线凸台170的侧面形成包裹灭弧单元150的趋势，以在壳体110”内壁与灭弧单元140”出口侧边缘的走向有较大差异的位置处，引导电弧继续在灭弧单元140”内运动，防止其提前离开灭弧单元140”进入气道，进一步提高了灭弧效果。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的内部区域呈蛇形设置，以延长灭弧产生的气体在壳体110内的行程。
第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道，其内部区域部分或全部呈蛇形蜿蜒曲折地设置，如此，在气道入口165与气道出口166之间直线距离不变的前提下，可以延长灭弧产生的气体在气道内的行程，更加有利于气体的降温，同时，延缓气体的排出也可以在气道内实现更好的保压效果。
需要说明的是，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163或第四气道164可以通过自身形状的设计呈现蛇形结构，也可以通过在气道内部设置凸起或凹陷结构，以使其呈现蛇形结构。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的相对的两个侧壁上分别交错设置多个第一凸台167和第二凸台168，相邻的两个第一凸台167和第二凸台168在气道延伸方向上的正投影部分重合。
第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的一个侧壁上间隔设置多个第一凸台167，相对的另一个侧壁上间隔设置多个第二凸台168，且第一凸台167和第二凸台168交错设置以使气道内部区域呈蛇形。相邻的两个第一凸台167和第二凸台168在气道延伸方向上的正投影部分重合，以使气道入口165与气道出口166之间无直线路径供灭弧产生的气体直接离开，气体进入气道后需顺次绕过多个第一凸台167和第二凸台168后到达气道出口166处，以此延缓气体的排出。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的气道入口165呈喇叭状，喇叭状的气道入口165背离气道出口166一侧的宽度(图18中的B1)大于气道入口165靠近气道出口166 一侧的宽度(图18中的B2)。喇叭状的气道入口165可以使灭弧产生的气体更加顺畅地进入气道内。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的纵截面(垂直于气道延伸方向的截面)上设有灭焰栅，灭焰栅呈网状，用于吸附金属粒子，以防止灭弧产生的金属粒子喷出壳体110。
示例地，第一气道161、第二气道162、第三气道163和第四气道164中的至少一个气道的气道入口165处设有卡槽，灭焰栅固定在卡槽内。
请参照图16和图19，可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，喷弧侧壁包括相对设置的第一喷弧侧壁111和第二喷弧侧壁190，第一气道161和第四气道164的气道出口166位于第一喷弧侧壁111上，第二气道162和第三气道163的气道出口166位于第二喷弧侧壁190上。
与同一灭弧单元140”连通的两个气道的气道出口166不汇合，并分别位于壳体110”上不同的喷弧侧壁上，如此设置，可以节省壳体110”宽度方向(平行于第一喷弧侧壁111或第二喷弧侧壁190的方向)上的空间，减小开关单元100”的宽度。优选的，位于同一喷弧侧壁上的两个气道出口166分别靠近喷弧侧壁相对的两个边缘，以尽量相互远离。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一喷弧侧壁111和第二喷弧侧壁190上还分别设有第一接线端子181和第二接线端子182，第一气道161和第四气道164的气道出口166分别位于第一接线端子181相对的两侧，第二气道162和第三气道163的气道出口166分别位于第二接线端子182相对的两侧。
气道出口166与接线端子位于壳体110”的同侧，第一喷弧侧壁111上的两个气道出口166分别位于第一接线端子181的两侧，第二喷弧侧壁190上的两个气道出口166分别位于第二接线端子182的两侧，如此设置，更加便于壳体110”内气道、静触头120”等的位置排布。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，第一喷弧侧壁111和第二喷弧侧壁190上分别设有第一隔离腔210和第二隔离腔211，第一接线端子181位于第一隔离腔210内，第二接线端子182位于第二隔离腔211内，第一隔离腔210用于将第一接线端子181与第一气道161和第四气道164的气道出口166隔离，第二隔离腔211用于将第二接线端子182与第二气道162和第三气道163的气道出口166隔离。
第一隔离腔210和第二隔离腔211分别包裹第一接线端子181和第二接线端子182，通过第一隔离腔210和第二隔离腔211的侧壁将第一接线端子181和第二接线端子182与气道出口166隔离，可以防止灭弧产生的气体由气道出口166喷出时，对第一接线端子181和第二接线端子182造成损伤。
可选地，本申请实施例的一种可实现的方式中，两个灭弧室140”、第一气道161和第三气道163、第二气道162和第四气道164均相对于动触头支架600的旋转轴线中心对称分布。如此设置，可以使动触头130”两侧的灭弧效果基本相同，提高动触头130”两端、两个静触头120”的磨损一致性，进而延长开关单元100”的使用寿命。
本申请的一方面的实施例公开了一种隔离开关10，如图20所示，隔离开关10包括多个层叠设置的根据本申请的一方面所述的开关单元100、操作机构200以及与操作机构200连接的手柄300，多个开关单元100内的动触头130通过动触头支架连接，动触头支架与操作机构200连接，手柄300通过操作机构200带动动触头触头支架转动，动触头支架转动带动动触头130与静触头120接触或者分离。该隔离开关10包括前述实施例中的开关单元100，因此，该隔离开关10具有与前述实施例中的开关单元100相同的有益效果。开关单元100的结构和有益效果已经在前述实施例中进行了详细描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请的另一方面的实施例还提供了一种隔离开关10’，如图21所示，该隔离开关10’包括手柄300’、操作机构200’和多个层叠设置的根据本申请的另一方面所述的开关单元100’，手柄300’与操作机构200’驱动连接，操作机构200’与每一层开关单元100’中的动触头驱动连接。以此，通过手柄300’控制操作机构200’对每一层开关单元100’进行合、分闸操作。该隔离开关10’包括前述实施例中的开关单元100’，因此，该隔离开关10’具有与前述实施例中的开关单元100’相同的有益效果。开关单元100’的结构和有益效果已经在前述实施例中进行了详细描述，在此不再赘述。
在参照图8和图22所示的示例性实施例中，可选地，开关单元100’的壳体110’的底部设有第一壳体凸台118和第二壳体凸台119，第一壳体凸台118和第二壳体凸台119分别伸入与该壳体110’相邻的另一壳体的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115内，以将另一壳体内的第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的顶部密封。
在参照图8和图22所示的示例性实施例中，在隔离开关10’中，多个开关单元100”通过壳体110”实现层叠设置。壳体110”的底部设有第一壳体凸台118和第二壳体凸台119，第一壳体凸台118的横截面形状、尺寸与第一壳体气道114的横截面形状、尺寸分别相 同，厚度小于第一壳体气道114的厚度，位置与第一壳体气道114的位置沿壳体110’的高度方向对应；第二壳体凸台119的横截面形状、尺寸与第二壳体气道115的横截面形状、尺寸分别相同，厚度小于第二壳体气道115的厚度，位置与第二壳体气道115的位置沿壳体110’的高度方向对应。相邻两层壳体110’层叠时，第一壳体凸台118伸入第一壳体气道114内，第二壳体凸台119伸入第二壳体气道115内，以将第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的顶部密封，使电弧只能由第一壳体气道114和第二壳体气道115的壳体气道出口1141喷出。
本申请的再一方面的实施例提供了一种隔离开关10”，如图23所示，隔离开关10”包括手柄300”、操作机构200”和多个层叠设置的根据本申请的再一方面提供的开关单元100”，手柄300”与操作机构200”驱动连接，操作机构200”与每一层开关单元100”中的动触头支架600驱动连接。通过旋转手柄300”控制操作机构200”带动开关单元100”的动触头支架600和动触头130”旋转，以使动触头130”与静触头120”接触或分离，从而同时对多个开关单元100”进行合、分闸操作。
该隔离开关10”包括前述实施例中的开关单元100”，因此，隔离开关10”具有与前述实施例中的开关单元100”相同的有益效果。开关单元100”的结构和有益效果已经在前述实施例中进行了详细描述，在此不再赘述。
本申请的一方面的实施例公开了一种供电系统，包括：直流源、功率变化单元、以及根据本申请的上述实施例所述的隔离开关10、10’、10”，直流源和功率变换单元通过隔离开关10、10’、10”连接，隔离开关10、10’、10”用于使供电系统分闸。隔离开关10、10’、10”的分闸状态使得所述直流源和功率变换单元断开连接，或者，供电系统在直流源和/或功率变换单元故障时，可通过操作隔离开关10、10’、10”实现分闸。该供电系统包括前述实施例中的隔离开关10、10’、10”，因此，具有与前述实施例中的隔离开关10、10’、10”相同的有益效果，在此不再赘述。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本申请公开了一种开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，本申请的开关单元，包括具有腔室的壳体，壳体沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头，静触头延伸至腔室内，腔室内设置受驱转动的动触头，动触头的两端在转动中分别与两侧的静触头接触呈现合闸状态或者分离呈现分闸状态，在合闸状态下，动触头的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，腔室内沿第二方向相对两侧设置有灭弧室，灭弧室设置于静触头远离动触头的一侧，且沿动触头转动方向延伸排列，第一方向与第二方向垂直。本申请提供的开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统，能够提高开关单元的灭弧效果。
此外，可以理解的是，本申请的开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统是可以重现的，并且可以用在多种工业应用中。例如，本申请的开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统可以用于电器技术领域。

Claims (40)

  1. 一种开关单元(100)，其中，所述开关单元(100)包括具有腔室(160)的壳体(110)，所述壳体(110)沿第一方向相对设置的两侧壁上错位设置有静触头(120)，所述静触头(120)延伸至所述腔室(160)内，所述腔室(160)内设置受驱转动的动触头(130)，所述动触头(130)的两端在转动中分别与两侧的所述静触头(120)接触呈现合闸状态或者与两侧的所述静触头(120)分离呈现分闸状态，在所述合闸状态下，所述动触头(130)的延伸方向与第二方向的夹角在15°至65°之间，所述腔室(160)内沿所述第二方向相对两侧还设置有灭弧室(140)，所述灭弧室(140)设置于所述静触头(120)远离所述动触头(130)的一侧，且沿所述动触头(130)转动方向延伸排列，所述第一方向与所述第二方向垂直。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述灭弧室(140)包括沿所述动触头(130)转动方向设置的第一段(142)和与所述第一段(142)连接的第二段(141)，所述第一段(142)靠近所述静触头(120)设置，且所述第一段(142)与所述静触头(120)在所述第二方向上的投影部分重叠，所述第一段(142)设置多个具有第一预设夹角的第一栅片(1421)，所述第二段(141)设置多个沿所述腔室(160)径向延伸的第二栅片(1411)，其中，所述第一段(142)的曲率小于所述第二段(141)的曲率。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述第一段(142)包括直线段或者第一圆弧段，所述第二段(141)包括第二圆弧段，其中，所述第一圆弧段的曲率小于所述第二圆弧段的曲率。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述第一栅片(1421)和所述第二栅片(1411)朝向所述动触头(130)的端面均内凹形成第一缺口(143)，所述第一缺口(143)的底壁(1432)的部分位置内凹形成第二缺口(144)，相邻两个所述第二缺口(144)在第三方向上交错设置，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向所在的平面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的开关单元(100)，其中，相邻两个所述第二缺口(144)沿所述第三方向的最近距离与相邻两个栅片的距离的比值为Y,其中，0.2≤Y≤1.5。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述第一缺口(143)还包括与所述底壁(1432)两端连接的侧壁(1431)，所述侧壁(1431)沿所述第二方向延伸，所述侧壁(1431)与所述底壁(1432)之间的夹角在110°至150°之间。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中的任一项所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述动触头(130)受驱转动以使所述动触头(130)的端部穿过所述第一缺口(143)，所述动触头(130)的端部与所述第一缺口(143)的侧壁(1431)之间的距离在0.4mm至4mm之间。
  8. 根据权利要求2至7中的任一项所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述第二栅片(1411)包括间隔交替设置的第一长栅片(1412)和第一短栅片(1413)，所述第一长栅片(1412)和所述第一短栅片(1413)远离所述动触头(130)的端部位于同一弧线上，所述第一长栅片(1412)靠近所述动触头(130)的端部与所述动触头(130)旋转中心之间的距离为a，所述第一短栅片(1413)靠近所述动触头(130)的端部与所述动触头(130)旋转中心之间的距离为b，a<b。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的开关单元(100)，其中，还包括设置于所述第二段(141)远离所述第一段(142)一侧的第三栅片(145)，所述第三栅片(145)包括沿腔室(160)径向延伸的栅部(1451)以及与所述栅部(1451)靠近所述动触头(130)的端部连接的弯折部(1452)，所述弯折部(1452)与所述动触头(130)的端部具有预设距离。
  10. 根据权利要求4至9中的任一项所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述灭弧室(140)还包括设置于所述第一栅片和所述第二栅片靠近所述腔室(160)中心一侧的产气件，所述产气件包括与所述第一缺口(143)两侧的端部分别镶嵌的两个产气板(146)，两个所述产气板(146)相对的侧壁分别向另一个所述产气板(146)凸出有凸台(1461)，所述凸台(1461)沿所述产气板(146)延伸方向延伸，所述凸台(1461)设置于所述产气板(146)沿所述腔室(160)径向的中部。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的开关单元(100)，其中，两个所述凸台(1461)之间的距离与所述栅片沿第三方向的长度的比例在15％至45％之间。
  12. 根据权利要求2至11中的任一项所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述静触头(120)伸入所述腔室(160)内的部分为接触部(121)，所述接触部(121)远离所述腔室(160)中心的一侧设置有引弧片(150)，所述引弧片(150)包括依次连接的连接部(151)、引弧部(152)和截止部(153)，所述连接部(151)与所述接触部(121)平行、所述引弧部(152)向远离所述腔室(160)方向延伸，所述截止部(153)与最外侧的所述第一栅片(1421)平行，所述连接部(151)与所述引弧部(152)的连接点与所述接触部(121)的端点平齐。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的开关单元(100)，其中，所述第一段(142)包括短栅段(1422)和与所述短栅段(1422)连接的交替 段(1423)，所述交替段(1423)与所述第二段(141)连接，所述短栅段(1422)与所述引弧部(152)沿所述第二方向的投影重叠，所述交替段(1423)包括间隔交替设置的第二长栅片(1424)和第二短栅片(1425)，所述短栅段(1422)包括多个第三短栅片(1426)，所述第二长栅片(1424)、所述第二短栅片(1425)以及所述第三短栅片(1426)组成所述第一栅片(1421)。
  14. 一种开关单元(100’)，其中，所述开关单元(100’)包括壳体(110’)、动触头支架、相互配合的动触头和静触头(120’)，所述动触头通过所述动触头支架转动设置在所述壳体(110’)内，所述静触头(120’)固定在所述壳体(110’)内，所述壳体(110’)内划分有灭弧区域，所述灭弧区域由合闸位(112)延伸至分闸位(113)，所述壳体(110’)内设有第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)，所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道入口与所述灭弧区域连通并位于所述灭弧区域靠近所述合闸位(112)的侧壁处，所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道入口与所述灭弧区域连通并位于所述灭弧区域靠近所述分闸位(113)的侧壁处，所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口和所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)位于所述壳体(110’)的壳体喷弧侧壁(116)上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述第一壳体气道(114)和所述第二壳体气道(115)在所述灭弧区域内汇聚后延伸至所述壳体喷弧侧壁(116)，所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)复用所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述第一壳体气道(114)和/或所述第二壳体气道(115)靠近汇聚位置(117)的侧壁设有特斯拉阀(500)，所述特斯拉阀(500)用于驱动所述第一壳体气道(114)和/或所述第二壳体气道(115)内的电弧由壳体气道入口向壳体气道出口(1141)运动。
  17. 根据权利要求14至16中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述第一壳体气道(114)和/或所述第二壳体气道(115)靠近壳体气道入口处的侧壁上设有弧形凸起(212)，所述弧形凸起(212)用于使离开所述灭弧区域的电弧粒子和/或流体进入所述第一壳体气道(114)或所述第二壳体气道(115)。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道入口截面积大于所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)截面积，所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道入口截面积大于所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)的截面积。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述特斯拉阀(500)包括多个，多个所述特斯拉阀(500)由所述汇聚位置(117)向所述第一壳体气道(114)或第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道入口依次间隔分布，并交错设置在所述第一壳体气道(114)或所述第二壳体气道(115)相对的两个侧壁上。
  20. 根据权利要求14至19中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述灭弧区域内设有灭弧室(140’)，所述灭弧室(140’)的入口由所述合闸位(112)延伸至所述分闸位(113)，所述灭弧室(140’)的出口与所述第一壳体气道(114)和所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道入口连通。
  21. 根据权利要求14至20中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述合闸位(112)和所述分闸位(113)还分别设有引弧片(150’)，位于所述合闸位(112)处的引弧片(150’)向所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道入口延伸，位于所述分闸位(113)处的引弧片(150’)向所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道入口延伸。
  22. 根据权利要求14至21中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述动触头和所述静触头(120’)均包括两个，两个所述静触头(120’)相对于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，并分别与两个所述动触头配合，所述灭弧区域包括第一灭弧区域(1112)和第二灭弧区域(1113)，所述第一灭弧区域(1112)对应一组所述动触头和所述静触头(120’)设置，所述第二灭弧区域(1113)对应另一组所述动触头和所述静触头(120’)设置。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，与所述第一灭弧区域连通的第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁(116)的第一侧边(1161)之间的距离等于与所述第二灭弧区域(1113)连通的第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁(116)的第一侧边(1161)之间的距离，与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)与其所在的壳体喷弧侧壁(116)的第一侧边(1161)之间的距离等于与所述第二灭弧区域(1113)连通的第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)与其所在的喷弧侧壁(116)的第一侧边(1161)之间的距离，所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)和所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)均位于所述壳体喷弧侧壁(116)中线的侧面，所述第一侧边(1161)平行于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第一壳体气道(114)和与所述第 二灭弧区域(1113)连通的第一壳体气道(114)相对于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置，与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第二壳体气道(115)和与所述第二灭弧区域(1113)连通的第二壳体气道(115)相对于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线对称设置。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述第一壳体气道(114)的壳体气道出口(1141)和所述第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口(1141)均位于所述壳体喷弧侧壁(116)的中线上。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述壳体喷弧侧壁(116)具有平行于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边(1161)和第二侧边(1162)，与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口与所述第一侧边(1161)之间的距离分别大于与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口与所述第二侧边(1162)之间的距离。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的开关单元(100’)，其中，所述壳体喷弧侧壁(116)具有平行于所述动触头支架的旋转轴线的第一侧边(1161)和第二侧边(1162)，与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口与所述第一侧边(1161)之间的距离分别小于与所述第一灭弧区域(1112)连通的第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)的壳体气道出口与所述第二侧边(1162)之间的距离。
  28. 一种开关单元(100”)，其中，所述开关单元(100”)包括：壳体(110”)、转动设置在所述壳体(110”)内的动触头支架(600)、动触头(130”)，以及分别与所述动触头(130”)相对的两端配合的两个静触头(120”)；所述壳体(110”)内还设有两个灭弧单元(140”)、第一气道(161)、第二气道(162)、第三气道(163)和第四气道(164)，两个所述灭弧单元(140”)分别位于所述动触头支架(600)相对的两侧并由合闸位置延伸至分闸位置，所述第一气道(161)和所述第二气道(162)与一个所述灭弧单元(140”)连通并分别位于所述合闸位置和所述分闸位置处，所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)与另一个所述灭弧单元(140”)连通并分别位于所述合闸位置和所述分闸位置处，所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)的气道出口(166)位于所述壳体(110”)的喷弧侧壁上；
    所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)中的至少一个的气道入口(165)处设有曲线凸台(170)，所述曲线凸台(170)的侧面至少部分呈包裹所述灭弧室(140”)的趋势以引导电弧沿所述灭弧室(140”)运动。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)中的至少一个气道的内部呈蛇形设置，以延长灭弧产生的气体在所述壳体(110”)内的行程。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)中的至少一个气道的相对的两个侧壁上分别交错设置多个第一凸台(167)和第二凸台(168)，相邻的两个所述第一凸台(167)和所述第二凸台(168)在所述气道延伸方向上的正投影部分重合。
  31. 根据权利要求28至30中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)中的至少一个气道的气道入口(165)呈喇叭状，喇叭状的所述气道入口(165)背离所述气道出口(166)一侧的宽度大于所述气道入口(165)靠近所述气道出口(166)一侧的宽度。
  32. 根据权利要求28至31中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一气道(161)、所述第二气道(162)、所述第三气道(163)和所述第四气道(164)中的至少一个气道的纵截面上设有灭焰栅，所述灭焰栅呈网状，用于吸附金属粒子。
  33. 根据权利要求28至32中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，两个所述灭弧室(140”)、所述第一气道(161)和所述第三气道(163)、所述第二气道(162)和所述第四气道(164)均相对于所述动触头支架(600)的旋转轴线中心对称分布。
  34. 根据权利要求28至33中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述喷弧侧壁包括相对设置的第一喷弧侧壁(111)和第二喷弧侧壁(190)，所述第一气道(161)和所述第四气道(164)的气道出口(166)位于所述第一喷弧侧壁(111)上，所述第二气道(162)和所述第三气道(163)的气道出口(166)位于所述第二喷弧侧壁(190)上。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一喷弧侧壁(111)和所述第二喷弧侧壁(190)上还分别设有第一接线端子(181)和第二接线端子(182)，所述第一气道和所述第四气道(164)的气道出口(166)分别位于所述第一接线端子(181)相对的两侧，所述第二气道(162)和所述第三气道(163)的气道出口(166)分别位于所述第二接线端子(182)相对的两侧。
  36. 根据权利要求34或35所述的开关单元(100”)，其中，所述第一喷弧侧壁(111)和所述第二喷弧侧壁(190)上分别设有第一隔离腔(210)和第二隔离腔(211)，所述第一接线端子(181)位于所述第一隔离腔(210)内，所述第二接线端子(182)位于所述第二隔离腔(211)内，所述第一隔离腔(210)用于将所述第一接线端子(181)与所述第一气道(161)和所述第四气道(164)的 气道出口(166)隔离，所述第二隔离腔(211)用于将所述第二接线端子(182)与所述第二气道(162)和所述第三气道(163)的气道出口(166)隔离。
  37. 一种隔离开关，其中，所述隔离开关(10、10’、10”)包括层叠设置的多个开关单元、操作机构(200)以及与所述操作机构(200)连接的手柄(300)，所述开关单元是根据权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的开关单元(100)、或者根据权利要求14至27中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)、或者根据权利要求28至36中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)，
    其中，多个所述开关单元(100)内的动触头(130)通过触头支架连接，所述触头支架与所述操作机构(200)连接，所述手柄(300)通过所述操作机构(200)带动所述触头支架转动，所述触头支架转动带动动触头(130)与静触头(120)接触或者分离。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的隔离开关，其中，在所述开关单元是根据权利要求14至27中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)、或者是根据权利要求28至36中的任一项所述的开关单元(100”)的情况下，所述手柄(300’)与所述操作机构(200’、200”)驱动连接，所述操作机构(200’、200”)与每一层所述开关单元(100’、100”)中的动触头支架驱动连接。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的隔离开关，其中，在所述开关单元是根据权利要求14至27中的任一项所述的开关单元(100’)的情况下，所述开关单元(100’)的壳体(110’)的底部设有第一壳体凸台(118)和第二壳体凸台(119)，所述第一壳体凸台(118)和所述第二壳体凸台(119)分别伸入与该壳体(110’)相邻的另一壳体的第一壳体气道(114)和第二壳体气道(115)内，以将另一壳体内的所述第一壳体气道(114)和所述壳体第二气道(115)的顶部密封。
  40. 一种供电系统，其中，所述供电系统包括：直流源、功率变换单元和根据权利要求37至39中的任一项所述的隔离开关(10、10’、10”)，所述直流源和所述功率变换单元通过所述隔离开关(10、10’、10”)连接，所述隔离开关(10、10’、10”)的分闸状态使得所述直流源和所述功率变换单元断开连接,所述隔离开关(10、10’、10”)用于使所述供电系统分闸。
PCT/CN2023/105364 2022-07-21 2023-06-30 开关单元、隔离开关及供电系统 WO2024017046A1 (zh)

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