WO2024017076A1 - 一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关 - Google Patents
一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024017076A1 WO2024017076A1 PCT/CN2023/106314 CN2023106314W WO2024017076A1 WO 2024017076 A1 WO2024017076 A1 WO 2024017076A1 CN 2023106314 W CN2023106314 W CN 2023106314W WO 2024017076 A1 WO2024017076 A1 WO 2024017076A1
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- Prior art keywords
- arc
- arc extinguishing
- extinguishing grid
- grid assembly
- contact
- Prior art date
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 158
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of low-voltage electrical appliances, and specifically to an arc extinguishing device used to extinguish arcs in electrical switches and the electrical switch.
- this application provides an arc extinguishing device for extinguishing arcs in electrical switches, which can at least partially solve the problems of large size, high cost, high power consumption and poor performance of switches in related technologies.
- the present application provides an arc extinguishing device for extinguishing arcs in electrical switches.
- the arc extinguishing device at least includes an arc extinguishing grid assembly, a movable contact, a static contact, and an insulating shell.
- the movable contact and the static contact generate an initial arc column when they are just opened and separated.
- the terminal arc column is generated when the maximum opening distance is generated.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly at least includes a plurality of metal arc-extinguishing grids that are air-insulated from each other.
- the plurality of metal arc-extinguishing grids in the arc-extinguishing grid assembly are stacked and arranged to form at least one curve.
- the static contact is in the shape of at least one bent structure.
- the length of the arc-extinguishing channel formed by the arc-extinguishing grid assembly is L1 Greater than the maximum opening length L2 when the movable contact and the static contact are opened and separated, the first metal arc-extinguishing grid provided at the first end of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly is close to or adjacent to a bend on the static contact.
- the conductor is also arranged close to or adjacent to the initial arc column, and the extension direction of the first metal arc extinguishing grid piece and the bent conductor are the same or at an angle.
- arc-extinguishing grids can be arranged in a switch of the same size.
- the arc generated when the movable contact and the static contact are separated can be quickly blown toward the switch under the action of the magnetic field of the arc and the magnetic field of the static contact.
- the arc extinguishing chamber diffuses and eliminates ions, and the arc is extinguished in a very short time, which greatly improves the arc extinguishing performance of the arc extinguishing device.
- the present application also provides an electric switch, which includes the arc extinguishing device of the first aspect of the present application.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly of the arc-extinguishing device is arranged in a long and short structure in a switch section of an electric switch, and the arc-extinguishing grid assembly on the short side is parallel and next to or adjacent to the stationary contact.
- the electromagnetic field on the static contact and the electromagnetic field of the arc column are used to induce the first metal arc-extinguishing grid, causing the first metal arc-extinguishing grid to The magnetic field is obtained, the arc is introduced into the metal arc-extinguishing grid, and blown into the arc-extinguishing grid assembly.
- the arc of the small-volume single-break high-voltage switch is introduced into the arc-extinguishing grid under the action of the magnetic field, thereby improving the arc breaking capability.
- Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing device in an embodiment of the present application
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram when the angle of the bending structure is an acute angle ⁇ ;
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the alloy contact application of the moving contacts and static contacts in Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the second structural form of the static contact in this application.
- Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the third structural form of the static contact in this application.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the application of the alloy contacts on the stationary contacts and the alloy contacts on the movable contacts in the fourth structural form of the present application;
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the fifth structural form of the static contact in this application.
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Figure 7;
- Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic principle when current flows from the static contact to the moving contact in the arc extinguishing device of the present application.
- Figure 10 is a Z-direction view of Figure 9;
- Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic principle when the current automatic contact flows to the static contact in the arc extinguishing device of the present application;
- Figure 12 is a Z-direction view of Figure 11;
- Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc guide provided between the first metal arc extinguishing grid and the bent conductor of the present application;
- Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc guide member with another structure provided between the first metal arc extinguishing grid and the bent conductor of the present application;
- Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an arc guide member with other structures arranged between the first metal arc extinguishing grid and the bent conductor of the present application;
- Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the L-shaped structure of the movable contact in this application.
- Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the T-shaped structure of the movable contact in this application.
- Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the movable contact in this application.
- Figures 19 to 22 are schematic structural diagrams of the L-shaped chuck in which the movable contact in this application is used;
- Figure 23 is a B-B cross-sectional view in Figures 19-22;
- Figures 24 to 27 are schematic diagrams of the bifurcated structure of the movable contact in this application.
- Figure 28 is a view in direction A of Figure 27;
- Figure 29 is an exploded schematic diagram of the arc extinguishing chamber of the arc extinguishing device in one embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 30 is a schematic assembly diagram of the arc extinguishing chamber in Figure 29;
- Figure 31 is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the arc extinguishing chamber and the movable contact according to another embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view along C-C in Figure 31;
- Figure 33 is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the arc extinguishing chamber and the movable contact in other embodiments of the present application;
- Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view along D-D in Figure 33;
- Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of arc extinguishing grids in the arc extinguishing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the opening structure of the arc extinguishing grid according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the arc ignition structure of the arc extinguishing grid according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figures 38 and 39 are schematic diagrams showing an acute angle between the arc extinguishing grid of the arc ignition structure and the static contact in an embodiment of the present application;
- Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of the staggered arrangement of arc extinguishing grid openings according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of a "C"-shaped arrangement of arc extinguishing grid components according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the inclined arrangement of arc extinguishing grids according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figures 43, 44, 45, and 46 are various structural schematic diagrams of the top arc igniting member in the arc extinguishing device of the present application.
- Figures 47, 48, and 50 are schematic diagrams of the magnetic field principle of the permanent magnet component according to an embodiment of the present application.
- Figure 49 is a Y-direction view of Figure 48;
- FIG. 51 is a Y-direction view of FIG. 50 .
- the switch's function of breaking current is mainly accomplished through the arc-extinguishing grid assembly installed in the switch.
- the magnetic metal arc-extinguishing grid is far away from the arc striking area of the movable contact and the static contact, and a longer arc striking piece is used to introduce the arc into the magnetic metal arc-extinguishing grid.
- the high voltage arc has a small arc column, high temperature and viscosity.
- the known solution uses a multi-break series connection method to solve the problem of DC breaking critical current under high voltage, which increases the volume and cost, and does not meet the development needs of small volume and high power of new energy power devices.
- the embodiment disclosed in the present application provides an arc extinguishing device for extinguishing arc in an electric switch.
- the movable contacts and fixed contacts of different switches are paired in different shapes, which will generate Lorentz force or/and Holm force when passing current; in some disclosed embodiments, arc extinguishing
- the grid assembly makes full use of Lorentz force or/and Holm force to drive various plasmas to speed up the arc extinguishing speed and achieve better arc extinguishing effect.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly is composed of a plurality of mutually air-insulated and magnetically conductive metal arc-extinguishing grids that are stacked and arranged to form a bent structure.
- the first end (i.e., the initial end) of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly The first metal arc-extinguishing grid is arranged adjacent to or close to the initial arc column and the static contact respectively.
- adjacent means that the distance between the first metal arc-extinguishing grid and the bent conductor on the static contact is very small
- close means that The first metal arc extinguishing grid is in contact with the bent conductor on the static contact.
- the first metal arc-extinguishing grid Under the action of the magnetic field, the first metal arc-extinguishing grid is magnetized. The metal arc-extinguishing grid releases the magnetic field. At this time, the arc column is affected by the magnetic field. The force moves toward the metal arc-extinguishing grid under the action of Lorentz force or/and Holm force. The metal arc-extinguishing grid behind the first metal arc-extinguishing grid sequentially transmits the magnetic field, causing the entire arc-extinguishing device to generate Blowing arc effect. The metal arc extinguishing grid at the end of the arc extinguishing device is adjacent to or close to the terminal arc column.
- the arc, arc plasma and thermal plasma on the metal arc extinguishing grid are sprayed towards the arc striking angle of the movable contact under the action of the magnetic field. , forming an elimination loop between the static contact, the arc extinguishing device and the movable contact, greatly increasing the near-pole voltage drop or near-cathode effect, and quickly extinguishing the arc.
- the curved structure of the arc extinguishing grid assembly and the motion track structure of the movable contact form a wide lower space and a narrow upper space.
- the wide lower space is structured into an arc cooling zone and an arc diffusion zone, so that the arc quickly spreads at the bend, making the arc
- the column becomes longer and wider at the bend, causing the arc root to lag behind and the arc structure to become larger and thicker.
- the temperature of the arc decreases, causing the viscosity of the arc to decrease. becomes lower, the arc enters the arc extinguishing grid more smoothly.
- arc extinguishing device according to examples of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 38 .
- an arc extinguishing device including an exemplary structure is taken as an example to illustrate the spirit and principles of the present disclosure.
- the scope of the present disclosure may also include arc extinguishing devices with other structures.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing device according to an embodiment disclosed in the present application.
- the arc extinguishing device 1000 includes an arc extinguishing grid assembly 100, a movable contact 200, a static contact 300, and an insulating shell 400; Part of it is located in the insulating shell 400, and part extends out of the insulating shell 400 to be electrically connected to an external conductor.
- the movable contact 200 has a rotation center 201, and a long-structured conductor end 210 extends from the rotation center 201 to one end; the static contact 300 It is in the shape of a bent structure.
- the static contact 300 of the bent structure extends from the bend to both ends.
- a bent conductor 310 extends from one end, and a long side 320 extends from one end; the long side 320 is arranged on the insulating shell 400
- the bent conductor 310 extends toward the movable contact 200 , and the movable contact 200 rotates with the rotation center 201 to contact or separate from the bent conductor 310 of the stationary contact 300 ; the movable contact 200 and the stationary contact 300
- the contact 300 generates an initial arc column 1001 when it is just opened and separated; the movable contact 200 and the static contact 300 generate an end arc column 1002 when they are opened and separated to produce the maximum opening distance; the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100 moves from the bend to both sides.
- the length L1 of the arc extinguishing channel 101 formed by the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100 is larger than the maximum opening distance between the movable contact 200 and the stationary contact 300 when they are opened and separated.
- Length L2; the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 arranged along the first direction is provided on the first inner side 401 of the insulating housing, and the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 arranged along the second direction is provided on the second inner side 402 of the insulating housing.
- Second arc extinguishing grid plate group The arc-entry end 521 of the metal arc-extinguishing grid of the component 520 faces the movement trajectory 203 of the movable contact 200, and the arc-entry end 511 of the metal arc-extinguishing grid of the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 faces the movement trajectory 200 of the movable contact 200. 202.
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 is disposed in parallel on the side of the bent conductor 310 of the static contact.
- the extension directions of the first metal arc-extinguishing grid 501 and the bent conductor 310 are basically the same.
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly The first metal arc-extinguishing grid 501 of 510 is disposed next to or adjacent to the initial arc column 1001, and the metal arc-extinguishing grid on the upper part of the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 is located far away from the first arc-extinguishing grid in the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520.
- Part of the metal arc-extinguishing grid of one arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 is tilted toward the direction in which the movable contact 200 opens to its maximum opening distance and is adjacent to the movable contact 200.
- the top of the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 is connected to the movable contact.
- a terminal arc column 1002 is formed between the heads 200 .
- the initial arc and the electromagnetic field of the static contact 300 generate a magnetic blow that acts on the first metal arc extinguishing grid 501 to quickly transfer the arc to the arc extinguishing grid;
- the electromagnetic field generated by the terminal arc column 1002 interacts with the movable contact 200
- the intensity of the electric field drives the plasma movement to cause the arc to spray towards the movable contact 200;
- an arc diffusion cooling zone is formed between the arc extinguishing component structure of the bending structure and the motion trajectory of the movable contact 200, making the arc column larger and thicker and ahead of the arc. root, causing the arc temperature to drop rapidly and thus the viscosity to decrease rapidly.
- the arrangement direction of the metal arc-extinguishing grids in the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 is the first direction
- the arrangement direction of the metal arc-extinguishing grids in the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 is the third direction.
- Two directions, the first direction and the second direction are arranged at an acute angle.
- the length of the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 along the second direction is greater than the length of the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 along the first direction.
- some of the metal arc-extinguishing grids in the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 that are far away from the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 are arranged obliquely toward the direction of the movable contact 200 .
- the first direction and the second direction can also be set at a right angle or an obtuse angle.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly has different shapes, and can be reasonably set according to the specific structural arrangement of the movable contact 200 and the static contact 300 .
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 is arranged sequentially from the first metal arc-extinguishing grid 501 adjacent or next to the bending conductor 310 to the direction away from the bending conductor 310.
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 is close to the bending conductor.
- the two adjacent metal arc-extinguishing grids of 310 are partially parallel to each other, and the two adjacent metal arc-extinguishing grids close to the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 are arranged at an angle to the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly.
- the two adjacent metal arc-extinguishing grids are arranged at an angle to achieve transitional connection with the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 and jointly form a bend.
- the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 passes through the bent metal arc-extinguishing grid.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assemblies are arranged in an angular and parallel composite manner.
- the portion far away from the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 that is, the portion of the metal arc-extinguishing grid on the upper part of the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 is sequentially moved closer to open the maximum opening distance.
- the arc on the movable contact 200 can be quickly transferred to the metal arc extinguishing grid on the top of the second arc extinguishing grid assembly 520, speeding up the arc. transfer, elongating the arc, and improving the arc extinguishing performance of the arc extinguishing device 1000.
- the metal arc-extinguishing grids on the upper part of the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 can also be arranged at an angle to form an arc structure so as to be close to the movable contact 200 when the maximum opening distance is opened, so that the same can be achieved. technical effects.
- the arc extinguishing grid assembly is set at an acute angle.
- the acute angle ⁇ is an optional value obtained through testing: 30° ⁇ 75°. Compare to Figure 2
- the angle ⁇ shown is 75° ⁇ 90°.
- a larger number of metal arc extinguishing grids can be arranged, which can elongate the arc to a greater extent and increase the number of arcs.
- the moving distance can increase the field strength at acute angles, making it easier for the arc to enter the arc extinguishing grid for deionization under the action of high field strength.
- the sharp angle also increases the space area in front of the acute angle, increasing the amount of air plasma and causing The thermal plasma thermal dissociation speed is accelerated and the arc deionization effect is enhanced.
- the bent conductor 310 of the static contact 300 is substantially perpendicular to the long side 320
- the bent conductor 310 is substantially perpendicular to the first inner side 401 of the insulating shell 400
- the long side 320 is along the first inner side 401 layout.
- static contact alloy contacts 312 and movable contact alloy contacts 214 are respectively fixed at the contact points between the static contact 300 and the movable contact 200.
- Setting alloy contacts can reduce the resistivity of the movable contacts 200 and the static contacts 300 and improve the conductivity between the movable contacts 200 and the static contacts 300.
- the alloy contacts have the advantages of high temperature resistance, not easy to wear, and anti-oxidation. , can be used to break large currents and resist arc burning.
- the static contact can also be configured in other structural forms, such as the second structural form of the static contact provided in Figure 4.
- the bent conductor 310 of the static contact 300 is connected to a long The edge 320 is set at an angle of 45°, and the bent conductor 310 is inclined toward the direction close to the rotation center of the movable contact 200;
- Figure 5 provides a third structural form of the static contact.
- the bending of the static contact 300 The conductor 310 and the long side 320 are arranged at an angle of 45°, and the bent conductor 310 is inclined in a direction away from the rotation center of the movable contact 200;
- Figure 6 provides a fourth structural form of the static contact.
- the static contact The bent conductor 310 of the contact 300 is arranged parallel to the long side 320.
- the static contact 300 and the movable contact 200 in this structural form are respectively equipped with a static contact alloy contact 312 and a movable contact alloy contact 214.
- the benefits of alloy contacts are the same as the alloy contacts mentioned above.
- the bending structure setting of the static contact 300, The flow direction of the current in the static contact 300 can be changed, thereby increasing the electromotive force applied to the arc and facilitating the transfer of the arc.
- Figure 7 provides a fifth structural form of a static contact.
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of AA in Figure 7.
- the static contact 300 is a chuck type, and the movable contact 200 is inserted and pulled out of the static contact.
- the chuck of the head 300 realizes the conduction and separation of the movable contact 200 and the static contact 300.
- the collet-like structure is beneficial to the movable contact 200 from being repelled by the Lorentz force when withstanding large current.
- a shorter arc guide 540 with a different structural shape is disposed between the alloy contact of the stationary contact 300 and the first metal arc extinguishing grid 501 .
- the length X1 of the arc member 540 along the first direction does not exceed 50% of the length of the first arc extinguishing grid assembly 510 along the first direction.
- the movable contact 200 may also have other structures.
- the movable contact 200 is provided.
- the movable contact 200 extends from the rotation center 201 to one end.
- the end of the movable contact 200 is formed with a protrusion 213 that contacts the stationary contact 300 and a protrusion for arc ignition.
- the protrusions 213 and the protruding arc striking portion extend in opposite directions, and the movable contact 200 is generally L-shaped.
- the protrusion 231 has the function of replacing the movable contact point on the movable contact 200 to a certain extent, which helps to reduce costs.
- one end of the movable contact 200 is formed with a raised electrical contact portion 211 that is in contact with the stationary contact 300, and a raised arc starting portion is provided in the opposite direction to the raised electrical contact portion 211.
- the raised electrical contact part 211 and the raised arc starting part 212 extend to both sides, so that the movable contact 200 has a T shape.
- the T shape is easy to process and helps control costs.
- Figure 20 Figure 21, and Figure 22
- Figure 23 is a B-B cross-sectional view in Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21, and Figure 22.
- Figure 19 The direction of the "L" head in Figure 20 is opposite to that of Figure 21 and Figure 22.
- the contact point between the movable contact 200 and the stationary contact 300 is in the shape of a chuck.
- the movable contact 200 is inserted on both sides of the stationary contact 300 to realize movement.
- the contact 200 and the stationary contact 300 are connected, and the movable contact 200 pulls out the stationary contact 300 to realize the separation of the movable contact 200 and the stationary contact 300.
- the chuck-like structure is beneficial to the movable contact 200 in enduring It is not repelled by the Lorentz force when there is a large current.
- Figures 17, 19, and 21 are schematic diagrams of the motion trajectory of the movable contact.
- the rotation radius R1 of the convex arc-starting portion 212 is greater than or equal to the rotation radius R2 of the convex electrical contact portion 211.
- the distance between the arc starting part 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid gradually decreases, attracting the arc to transfer to the convex arc starting part 212, and guiding the arc to move into the arc extinguishing grid assembly.
- Figure 18, Figure 20, and Figure 22 are schematic diagrams of the movement trajectory of the movable contact.
- the rotation radius R1 of the convex arc-starting portion 212 is smaller than the rotation radius R2 of the convex electrical contact portion 211.
- the convex arc-starting portion 212 moves.
- the distance between the arc starting part 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid first changes from large to small, and the arc is guided to transfer to the raised arc starting part 212.
- the raised arc starting part 212 The distance D1 between the protruding electrical contact portion 211 and the metal arc-extinguishing grid is greater than the distance D2 between the protruding electrical contact portion 211 and the metal arc-extinguishing grid.
- This application may produce different arc extinguishing effects when the arc energy is small.
- the raised arc starting part 211 is far away from the front end of the metal arc extinguishing grid at the maximum opening distance, when the arc energy is small, it is more susceptible to damage by the adjacent metal arc extinguishing grid.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid pieces are attracted by each other and move toward the adjacent metal arc extinguishing grid pieces, and finally form a path with the convex arc starting portion 212 of the movable contact 200. At this time, the arc is elongated and the arc is cut between the metal arc extinguishing grid pieces.
- short circuit of the metal arc extinguishing grid is not conducive to The metal arc extinguishing grid divides the arc into more short arcs, increasing the near-pole voltage drop or near-cathode effect, and the cluster arc will cause the arc energy to accumulate and make it difficult to extinguish the arc.
- Figures 24 and 25 are schematic diagrams of the movement trajectory of the movable contact.
- the movable contact 200 extends from the rotation center 201 to one end.
- the end of the movable contact 200 is formed with a raised electrical contact portion that is in contact with the stationary contact 300. 211.
- a convex arc-starting part 212 is provided in the opposite direction to the convex electrical contact part 211.
- the convex electrical contact part 211 and the convex arc-starting part 212 are in a bifurcated shape, and the rotation radius R1 of the convex arc-starting part 212 is Greater than or equal to the rotation radius R2 of the raised electrical contact portion 211 .
- the distance between the raised arc starting portion 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid gradually decreases, attracting the arc to transfer to the raised arc starting portion 212, and guiding the arc to the arc extinguishing grid. movement within the chip assembly.
- the distance between the raised arc starting portion 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524 first decreases from large to small, guiding the arc to transfer to the raised arc starting portion 212.
- the distance D3 between the raised arc starting part 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524 is greater than the distance D4 between the raised electrical contact part 211 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524.
- Figures 26 and 27 are schematic diagrams of the motion trajectory of the movable contact.
- the movable contact 200 extends from the rotation center 201 to one end.
- the end of the movable contact 200 is formed with a protruding electrode in contact with the stationary contact 300.
- the contact portion 211 is provided with a raised arc striking portion 212 in the opposite direction to the raised electrical contact portion 211.
- the raised electrical contact portion 211 and the raised arc striking portion 212 are in a bifurcated shape, and the rotation of the raised arc striking portion 212
- the radius R1 is smaller than the radius of rotation R2 of the raised electrical contact 211 .
- the distance between the raised arc starting portion 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524 first decreases from large to small, guiding the arc to transfer to the raised arc starting portion 212.
- the distance D1 between the raised arc starting part 212 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524 is greater than the distance D2 between the raised electrical contact part 211 and the metal arc extinguishing grid 524. This example is also applicable. For situations where the arc energy is small.
- Figure 27 shows another application example of the distance between the raised arc starting part and the front end of the metal arc extinguishing grid.
- Figure 28 is the view in direction A in Figure 27.
- the arc blocking member 900 is provided near the maximum opening distance of the movable contact 200.
- the arc blocking piece 900 is arranged on the leg of the metal arc extinguishing grid 524.
- the arc blocking piece 900 blocks the arc, so that the arc needs to crawl a longer distance at the terminal to connect with the front end of the metal arc extinguishing grid 524 at the arc starting part 900.
- This setup is beneficial for compact space, or Apply in complex spatial situations to achieve the same effect as Figure 25.
- the arc blocking member 900 can also be disposed on the convex arc starting portion 212 to achieve the same effect. This example only shows the more typical applications and does not represent all solutions. On this basis, the solutions that technicians can design are all Our protection scope.
- the position of the metal arc-extinguishing grid 524 can be moved, the size of the metal arc-extinguishing grid 524 can be changed, etc., so that the movable contact 200 can be opened to the maximum
- the distance D3 between the nearby metal arc-extinguishing grid 524 and the arc starting part 212 is greater than the distance D4 between the electrical contact part 211 and the front end of the nearby metal arc-extinguishing grid 524 .
- the arc extinguishing grid divides the arc into more short arcs, improves the near-pole voltage drop or the near-cathode effect, and can also form a space that is wider at the bottom and narrower at the top between the motion trajectory of the movable contact 200 and the arc extinguishing device 1000. It makes the arc column of the arc grow rapidly, making the arc root lag behind the arc column, which plays the role of rapid diffusion and cooling of the arc, and greatly improves the arc extinguishing performance.
- the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100 includes an insulating member 610, an insulating arc isolating member 700, and a metal arc extinguishing grid 500.
- the insulating member 610 includes at least two insulating plates, which are coupled to the metal arc extinguishing grid 500. On both sides, the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is laminated with fixed air insulation.
- the insulating member 610 in this embodiment includes a first insulating plate 611, a third insulating plate 613 and a On the second insulating plate 612 and the fourth insulating plate 614 on the other side of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500, one side of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is fixed on the first insulating plate 611 and the third insulating plate 613, and the other end is fixed on On the second insulating plate 612 and the fourth insulating plate 614;
- the insulating arc isolating member 700 includes a first insulating arc isolating member 701 that wraps one leg of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500, a third insulating arc isolating member 703, and a wrapped metal
- the insulating plate is provided with assembly holes and slot features 620, and the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is provided with protruding features 501, which cooperate with the slot features 620.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 and the insulating member are connected through the protrusions and slots.
- the assembly is fixed by hole matching or riveting.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 can also be directly assembled to the insulating housing 400.
- the insulating shell 400 is the insulating member 610 .
- Assembling the metal arc-extinguishing grid 500 and the insulating plate in the above manner is beneficial to improving product assembly efficiency, and can also avoid the undesirable phenomenon of insufficient or incorrect installation of the metal arc-extinguishing grid 500 .
- the insulating arc isolating piece 700 is disposed in the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100.
- the air gap height H1 between the insulating arc isolating pieces 700 wrapped on the two legs of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is smaller than the insulation on both sides.
- the air gap height H2 between the two insulating arc isolation parts 700 is set to be smaller than the air gap height H2 between the two insulating parts 700, thereby narrowing the channel through which the arc passes, so that the arc extinguishing grid
- An air pressure difference is formed between the front and rear parts of the blade assembly, which is beneficial to speeding up the arc movement to the inside of the metal arc extinguishing grid blade 500 and extinguishing the arc faster.
- the above-mentioned insulating arc isolating member 700 can also be divided into one piece on each side or multiple pieces on the left and right, which should be set according to the actual situation.
- two insulating arc isolators 700 are respectively disposed between the end of the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100 and the moving area of the movable contact 200 .
- the height H1 of the air gap between the parts is less than the height H2 of the air gap between the two insulating parts.
- the insulating arc isolation part 700 can be fixedly arranged on the two insulating parts or fixedly arranged on the insulating shell 400; as shown in the figure 33 and 34, between the two insulating arc isolators 700, the length extending from the end of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100 to the moving area of the moving contact 200 is greater than the length from the end of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100 to the moving contact.
- the air gap between the insulators 610 has a height H2.
- the arrangement of the insulating arc isolating parts 700 is only exemplary.
- the insulating arc isolating parts 700 can be set according to the specific structure, as long as the height of the space gap formed between the two insulating arc isolating parts 700 is less than The height of the space gap on at least one side is sufficient.
- the shape of the insulating arc isolation member 700 can be selected as columnar, wall-shaped, sheet-shaped, triangular, partially ring-shaped, polyhedron-shaped, or any combination of the above shapes. Different structures of the insulating arc isolating member 700 can better guide the arc to move inside the arc extinguishing component.
- the insulating arc isolator 700 is made of gas-generating material, and the optional gas-generating material is nylon or polyoxymethylene. When the arc burns, the insulating arc isolator 700 can also produce gas, which causes the arc to disperse toward the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 under the action of the air flow. The rear end movement is conducive to faster arc extinguishing.
- the angle between the two arc-extinguishing grids can be between 0 degrees and 45 degrees.
- the angle value obtained by testing and verification can be 5 to 15 degrees, as shown in the arc extinguishing grid assembly 100 in Figure 1 .
- Figure 35 shows the arrangement of the metal arc-extinguishing grids in the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100.
- the metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 are arranged at air-insulated intervals.
- the metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 can be arranged in parallel or in a pattern.
- the included angle is set. When the included angle is set, the distance h1 between the open ends of the metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 is not greater than the distance h2 between the bottoms of the metal arc-extinguishing grids 500, and the arrangement shape of the metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 is generally an arc-shaped structure.
- This setting enables the arc to gradually increase the arc distance when moving toward the bottom of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500, increase the air insulation gap, elongate the arc, reduce arc energy, and facilitate the rapid dissipation of the arc.
- Figure 36 shows different structures of metal arc extinguishing grids.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 has an opening 552 for magnetization toward the arc entry end, and its shape is narrow slit, inclined, horizontal, ladder-shaped, or Mouth-shaped, round, arc-shaped, etc.
- Figure 37 shows a schematic diagram of the arc starting structure of the metal arc extinguishing grid.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is provided with an arc starting structure toward the arc entry end.
- the opening 552 of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 has different leg structures at both ends.
- the shape of the first end face 551 of one leg is different from the shape of the second end face 553 of the other leg, that is, the legs on both sides are arranged asymmetrically. This structure is conducive to introducing the arc into the arc extinguishing grid faster in some applications. In the film.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 shown in Figure 37 can also be further used.
- the leg features are lengthened to form a combined shape of the arc starting blade and the arc extinguishing grid.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 is combined with the static arc extinguishing grid.
- the contacts 300 are arranged at an acute angle ⁇ . This structure simplifies the structure of components and is beneficial to cost savings.
- Figure 40 shows a schematic diagram of a staggered arrangement of multiple metal arc extinguishing grids.
- the metal arc extinguishing grids 500 with different leg structures shown in Figure 36 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the arc extinguishing channel 101 becomes discontinuous or Unevenness causes the arc to move along a larger path during movement, reducing the arc energy.
- the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 quickly cuts the arc and effectively dissipates the arc.
- the arc can be elongated and enter the narrow slits of the arc extinguishing device 100 under the action of the magnetic field electrodynamic force of the structure formed by the arc.
- the arc is elongated, the arc diameter is reduced, and the arc diameter is reduced. The resistance increases, causing the arc to extinguish.
- Figure 41 shows a schematic diagram of a "C"-shaped arrangement of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100 includes a first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510, a second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520, and a third arc-extinguishing grid assembly 570.
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assemblies 510 are arranged along the first direction and arranged on the first inner side 401 of the insulating housing 400
- the second arc-extinguishing grid assemblies 520 are arranged along the second direction and are arranged on the second inner side 402 of the insulating housing 400
- the third arc-extinguishing grid assembly 570 is arranged along the first direction and is arranged on the third inner side 403 of the insulating housing 400.
- the lengths of the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 and the third arc-extinguishing grid assembly 570 along the first direction are equal.
- the first arc-extinguishing grid assembly 510 , the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 , and the third arc-extinguishing grid assembly 530 together form two bends.
- the number of metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 provided on three inner sides of the insulating housing 400 is greater than the number of metal arc-extinguishing grids 500 provided on two inner sides. More, the arc extinguishing performance is better.
- the metal arc-extinguishing grids 525 above the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520 are arranged obliquely toward the direction of the movable contact 200 or arranged in an arc-shaped structure. This arrangement is beneficial to guiding the arc direction and increasing the cooling space between the grid and the moving contact 200 .
- the 43 to 46 show schematic diagrams of arc igniting parts with different structures arranged on the top of the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100.
- the arc-extinguishing grid assembly 100 has only one bending structure, and one is provided above the second arc-extinguishing grid assembly 520.
- the arc starting part 530 is used to guide the convex arc starting part 212 of the movable contact 200.
- the arc starting part 530 may have different forms, and its purpose is when the distance between the movable contact 200 and the stationary contact 300 is large. When used, a larger cooling and diffusion space can be created to improve arc extinguishing performance.
- the multi-pole insulating housing 400 of the switch carrying the phase or pole power supply is arranged adjacent to the left and right, and the movable contact 200 moves vertically up and down.
- This structure is suitable for switches with large operating currents, and the arc extinguishing chamber is arranged into a trihedron.
- the C-type arc-extinguishing grid assembly or the two-sided L-shaped arc-extinguishing grid assembly can break higher and larger voltages and currents.
- one or more permanent magnetic steel parts 800 may be disposed on or outside the arc extinguishing device 1000 to promote arc extinguishing.
- the permanent magnetic steel parts 800 are disposed on the arc extinguishing device 1000 .
- the permanent magnet steel component 800 can be close to or adjacent to the insulating component 610, or can be disposed between the insulating component 610 and the insulating arc isolating component 700.
- the permanent magnet steel body 800 is arranged on one side of the insulating member 610.
- the N pole of the permanent magnet steel member 800 is to the right.
- the direction of the magnetic field as shown by the arrow is from left to right through the metal arc extinguishing grid 500.
- the force F of the magnetic field According to the "left-hand rule", it can be seen that the direction of the force F is perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the permanent magnet steel component 800 is disposed behind the arc extinguishing device, and the permanent magnet steel component 800 is disposed on the insulating shell 400, together with the metal arc extinguishing grid. 500 pieces of insulation are provided between them.
- the N pole of the permanent magnet steel part 800 is facing the positive direction X as shown in the figure.
- the direction of the magnetic field as shown by the arrow is from left to right through the metal arc extinguishing grid 500.
- the arc is in the direction shown in the figure,
- Y moves in the forward direction, it is subjected to the force F of the magnetic field.
- the direction of F is vertical to the paper surface (Z forward direction in the picture).
- Figure 49 it can be seen from Figure 49 that the arc is acting under the magnetic field force F Move to the right end of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500 under the action of .
- the N pole of the permanent magnet steel part 800 is facing the positive direction X as shown in the figure.
- the direction of the magnetic field as shown by the arrow is from left to right through the metal arc extinguishing grid 500.
- the arc is in the direction shown in the figure,
- Y moves in the negative direction, it is subjected to the force F of the magnetic field.
- the direction of F is vertical to the paper surface outward (i.e., the Z negative direction in the figure).
- the arc is acting under the magnetic field force Under the action of F, it moves to the left end of the metal arc extinguishing grid 500.
- the position and quantity of the permanent magnet steel parts 800 should be determined according to the actual needs and structure. This illustration is only an expression of the principle of magnetic field action, and can also be used in other situations.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关。灭弧装置至少包括灭弧栅片组件、动触头、静触头、绝缘外壳，动触头与静触头在刚打开分离时产生初始电弧柱，灭弧栅片组件中的多枚金属灭弧栅片层叠排列后呈指数一个折弯结构，且多枚金属灭弧栅片直接或间接地沿绝缘外壳内的至少两个相邻的内侧排列，静触头呈至少一个折弯结构状，设于灭弧栅片组件第一端的第一金属灭弧栅片紧挨或邻近静触头上的一折弯导体，且也紧挨或邻近初始电弧柱设置，第一金属灭弧栅片与折弯导体的延伸方向相同或呈夹角。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年07月18日提交的名称为“一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关”的中国专利申请202210843205.0的优先权，并且，本申请还要求享有于2022年10月09日提交的名称为“一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关”的中国专利申请202211227931.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
本申请涉及低压电器技术领域，具体涉及一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置及电的开关。
随着新能源装备的大功率化，对于开关的性能要求越来越高，尤其是电压等级越来越高，系统已经达到1200V以上，开关在分断高电压、大电流或高电压下的临界电流时所产生的电弧如何熄灭是制约开关性能的一个重要指标。
现有单极开关在分断500V以上等级电压的电流时，一是高电压的电弧在临界电流或小电流时具有弧柱小而温度高以及具有黏性的特点，很难利用洛伦兹力使很长的引弧片进入灭弧装置中的灭弧栅片组件中去，未进入灭弧栅片组件内的电弧将会持续燃烧而导致开关烧毁。二是由于灭弧栅片组件内的去游离或冷却及拉长电弧作用的栅片数量受开关高度限制，导致近极压降低或近阴极效应低，不能熄灭故障大电流，导致整套电力装备损坏。相关技术多采用多断口串连方法来解决上述问题，但是，多端口串联方法会造成开关的体积大、成本高、功耗高以及性能差等问题。
因此，亟需一种新的技术方案，提高灭弧性能、减少开关体积、提高寿命、降低功耗。
发明内容
基于上述背景，本申请提供一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置，能够至少部分地解决相关技术中开关的体积大、成本高、功耗高以及性能差等问题。
在第一方面中，本申请提供了一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置。该灭弧装置至少包括灭弧栅片组件、动触头、静触头、绝缘外壳，动触头与静触头在刚打开分离时产生初始电弧柱，动触头与静触头在打开分离产生最大开距时产生终点电弧柱，灭弧栅片组件至少包括多枚相互空气绝缘的金属灭弧栅片，灭弧栅片组件中的多枚金属灭弧栅片层叠排列后呈至少一个弯折结构且多枚金属灭弧栅片直接或间接地沿绝缘外壳内至少两个相邻的内侧排列，静触头呈至少一个弯折结构状，灭弧栅片组件形成的灭弧通道长度L1大于动触头与静触头在打开分离时产生最大的开距长度L2，设于灭弧栅片组件第一端的第一金属灭弧栅片紧挨或邻近静触头上的一弯折导体，且也紧挨或邻近初始电弧柱设置，第一金属灭弧栅片与弯折导体的延伸方向相同或呈夹角。
以此方式，使得同等体积大小的开关中可以布置更多的灭弧栅片，在动触头和静触头分离时产生的电弧能够在电弧的磁场及静触头的磁场作用下快速吹向灭弧室进行扩散消游离，电弧在极短的时间内熄灭，大幅提升灭弧装置的灭弧性能。
在第二方面中，本申请还提供一种电的开关，该电的开关包括本申请的第一方面的灭弧装置。
本申请的有益效果如下：
1.本申请在电的开关的一个开关断口内将灭弧装置的灭弧栅片组件布置成长短结构，将短侧的灭弧栅片组件平行并紧挨或邻近设置在静触头上的折弯导体侧以及动触头、静触头打开时的起弧处，利用静触头上的电磁场和电弧弧柱的电磁场感应到第一金属灭弧栅片上，使第一金属灭弧栅片得到磁场，将电弧引入金属灭弧栅片中，吹向灭弧栅片组件内，实现了小体积的单断口高电压开关的电弧在磁场作用下引入灭弧栅片，提高电弧分断能力。
2.将金属灭弧栅片布置在与绝缘外壳邻近的两个或三个内侧，使金属灭弧栅片数量大为增加，使开关的单个断口能分断500V以上电压的额定电流和故障电流，与相关技术方案中的灭弧栅片布置在绝缘外壳一侧的多断口串连方法相比，体积更小、成本更低。
3.在单断口内增加布置更多的灭弧栅片，比多断口的开关功耗降低，节约了能源并增加了效益。
4.采用在绝缘外壳内的两个方向布置更多的灭弧栅片，使开关的断口少，防止出现多对动触头、静触头的终压力和超程不同造成触点烧损二影响接通效果，提高了开关的使用寿命。
图1为本申请一实施例中灭弧装置总体示意图；
图2为折弯结构夹角为锐角β时示意图；
图3为图1中动触头、静触头的合金触点应用示意图；
图4为本申请中静触头的第二种结构形式示意图；
图5为本申请中静触头的第三种结构形式示意图；
图6为本申请的第四种结构形式的静触头上合金触点与动触头上合金触点的应用示意图；
图7为本申请中静触头的第五种结构形式示意图；
图8为图7的A-A截面图；
图9为本申请的灭弧装置中电流自静触头向动触头流动时的电磁原理示意图；
图10为图9的Z向视图；
图11为本申请的灭弧装置中电流自动触头向静触头流动时的电磁原理示意图；
图12是图11的Z向视图；
图13为本申请的第一金属灭弧栅片与折弯导体之间设置导弧件的结构示意图；
图14为本申请的第一金属灭弧栅片与折弯导体之间设置另一种结构的导弧件的结构示意图；
图15为本申请的第一金属灭弧栅片与折弯导体之间设置其他结构的导弧件的结构示意图；
图16为本申请中动触头为L状结构示意图；
图17为本申请中动触头为T状结构示意图；
图18为本申请中动触头的运动轨迹示意图；
图19-图22为本申请中动触头为L状夹头结构示意图；
图23为图19-图22中的B-B截面图；
图24-图27为本申请中动触头为分叉结构示意图；
图28是图27的A向视图；
图29为本申请一实施例中灭弧装置的灭弧室分解示意图；
图30为图29中的灭弧室组装示意图；
图31为本申请另一实施例的灭弧室与动触头配合的结构示意图；
图32为沿图31中C-C的截面图；
图33为本申请其他实施例中灭弧室与动触头配合的结构示意图；
图34为沿图33中D-D的截面图；
图35为本申请一实施例灭弧装置中灭弧栅片布置示意图；
图36为本申请一实施例灭弧栅片开口结构示意图；
图37为本申请一实施例灭弧栅片引弧结构示意图；
图38、图39为本申请一实施例中引弧结构灭弧栅片与静触头夹角为锐角的示意图；
图40为本申请一实施例灭弧栅片开口交错布置示意图；
图41为本申请一实施例灭弧栅片组件呈“C”型布置示意图；
图42为本申请一实施例灭弧栅片倾斜布置示意图；
图43、图44、图45、图46为本申请的灭弧装置中顶端引弧件的各种结构示意图；
图47、图48、图50为本申请一实施例永磁件磁场原理示意图；
图49是图48的Y向视图；
图51是图50的Y向视图。
下面将详细描述本申请的各个方面的特征和示例性实施例。在下面的详细描述中，提出了许多具体细节，以便提供对本申请的全面理解。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说很明显的是，本申请可以在不需要这些具体细节中的一些细节的情况下实施。下面对实施例的描述仅仅是为了通过示出本申请的示例来提供对本申请的更好的理解。本申请决不限于下面所提出的任何具体配置和算法，而是在不脱离本申请的精神的前
提下覆盖了元素、部件和算法的任何修改、替换和改进。在附图和下面的描述中，没有示出公知的结构和技术，以便避免对本申请造成不必要的模糊。
开关对电流进行分断的功能主要是通过安装在开关中的灭弧栅片组件完成的。一种已知的灭弧装置中的磁性金属灭弧栅片距离动触头、静触头的引弧区较远，都利用较长的引弧件来将电弧引入磁性金属灭弧栅片，而高电压的电弧具有弧柱小而温度高和具有黏性，在分离临界电流时，静触头或/和电弧产生的磁场通过很长的引弧件感应到的磁性金属灭弧栅片的磁场很微小，不能产生吹弧作用而导致分断电弧失败。
已知的解决办法采用多断口串连接的方法去解决高电压下的直流分断临界电流问题，这增加了体积和成本，也不适应新能源电力装置的小体积、大功率的发展需求。
已知采用双断点或多极串联的解决办法，使开关内阻增大、功耗大、多对动触头、静触头的终压力和超程不一样，总有一对动触头、静触头先烧损，影响触点的接通效果，降低开关的使用寿命。
在光伏发电领域中的电力装备如1000V及以上直流不接地电力系统中，有时会产生接地的故障，单极开关需要分断装置来满足全电压、2倍以下额定电流的要求，已知的低压开关灭弧装置或灭弧室，因为金属灭弧栅片数量少，难以将如此高电压下的电弧进行切割和冷却，使近极压降大于电源端电压值，电弧不能熄灭，已知的解决方法也是将多个断口进行串连，大体积、高成本、寿命低的问题一直存在。因此，亟需一种新的引弧技术和灭弧技术，来提升灭弧性能、减少体积、降低成本和提高使用寿命。
本申请公开的实施例提供了一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置。在公开的一些实施例中，不同开关的动触头、静触头配对的不同形状设置，通过电流时会产生洛伦兹力或/和霍姆力；在公开的一些实施例中，灭弧栅片组件充分利用洛伦兹力或/和霍姆力驱动各种等离子体，使电弧消游离速度加快，使灭弧效果更好。在公开的一些实施例中，灭弧栅片组件由多枚相互空气绝缘且导磁的金属灭弧栅片层叠排列后呈弯折结构，灭弧栅片组件的第一端(即初始端)的第一金属灭弧栅片分别与初始电弧柱和静触头邻近或紧挨设置，这里邻近指第一金属灭弧栅片与静触头上的折弯导体间距非常小，紧挨则指第一金属灭弧栅片与静触头上的折弯导体接触，当动触头和静触头分离时产生初始电弧柱，此时的初始电弧柱、静触头的弯折导体以及第一金属灭
弧栅片基本处于平行，此时初始电弧柱和静触头都产生电磁场，在磁场作用下将第一金属灭弧栅片磁化，金属灭弧栅片释放磁场，此时电弧柱又受到磁场的作用力，在洛伦兹力或/和霍姆力的作用下向金属灭弧栅片移动，第一金属灭弧栅片后方的金属灭弧栅片依次传递磁场，使整个灭弧装置都产生吹弧效应。在灭弧装置的末端的金属灭弧栅片与终点电弧柱邻近或紧挨设置，金属灭弧栅片上的电弧、电弧等离子以及热等离子在磁场的作用下，喷向动触头的引弧角，使静触头、灭弧装置以及动触头之间形成一个消游离回路，使近极压降或近阴极效应大幅度提升，使电弧迅速熄灭。弯折结构的灭弧栅片组件与动触头运动轨迹结构呈一个下宽上窄空间，在下宽的空间结构成一个电弧冷却区和电弧扩散区，使电弧在弯折处迅速扩散，使电弧柱在弯折处变得长而宽，使电弧的弧根滞后，电弧的弧结构变得大而粗，由于低温空气与高温空气交换加快，电弧的温度随之降低，使电弧的黏性也变低，电弧进入灭弧栅片更加顺畅。
下面将结合图1至图38详细说明根据本公开的示例的灭弧装置。在下面的实施例中以包括示例性结构的灭弧装置为例来说明本公开的精神和原理，本公开的范围还可以包括具有其他结构的灭弧装置。
首先结合图1描述本申请公开的一个实施例的灭弧装置1000，图1示出了根据本申请公开的一个实施例的灭弧装置的总体示意图，在一些实施例中，如图1所示，灭弧装置1000包括灭弧栅片组件100、动触头200、静触头300、绝缘外壳400；灭弧栅片组件100、动触头200均设于绝缘外壳400内，静触头300部分设于绝缘外壳400内，部分伸出绝缘外壳400与外接导体电连接，动触头200有一个旋转中心201，以旋转中心201向一端延伸出长结构的导电体端210；静触头300为弯折结构状，弯折结构状的静触头300从弯折处各自向两端延伸，一端延伸出一折弯导体310，一端延伸出一长边320；长边320设置在绝缘外壳400的一内侧，折弯导体310向动触头200的方向延伸，动触头200以旋转中心201旋转地与静触头300的折弯导体310相配合地接触或分离；动触头200与静触头300在刚打开分离时产生初始电弧柱1001；动触头200与静触头300在打开分离产生最大开距时产生终点电弧柱1002；灭弧栅片组件100从弯折处各自向两端延伸，一端沿第一方向排列，一端沿第二方向排列，灭弧栅片组件100形成的灭弧通道101长度L1大于动触头200与静触头300在打开分离时产生最大的开距长度L2；沿第一方向排列的第一灭弧栅片组件510设在绝缘外壳第一内侧401，沿第二方向排列的第二灭弧栅片组件520设在绝缘外壳第二内侧402，第二灭弧栅片组
件520的金属灭弧栅片的进弧端521朝向动触头200的运动轨迹203，第一灭弧栅片组件510的金属灭弧栅片的进弧端511朝向动触头200的运动轨迹202，第一灭弧栅片组件510平行地设置于静触头的折弯导体310的侧面，第一金属灭弧栅片501与折弯导体310的延伸方向基本相同，第一灭弧栅片组件510的第一金属灭弧栅片501紧挨或邻近地设置在初始电弧柱1001旁，第二灭弧栅片组件520上部的金属灭弧栅片为第二灭弧栅片组件520中远离第一灭弧栅片组件510的部分金属灭弧栅片，其向动触头200打开最大开距时所在方向倾斜至邻近动触头200，在第二灭弧栅片组件520的顶部与动触头200之间形成终点电弧柱1002。
以此方式，通过初始电弧和静触头300的电磁场产生磁吹作用于第一金属灭弧栅片501，迅速将电弧转移至灭弧栅片；终点电弧柱1002产生的电磁场与动触头200的电场强度驱动等离子运动使电弧喷向动触头200；折弯结构的灭弧组件结构与动触头200的运动轨迹之间形成电弧扩散冷却区，使电弧柱变大而粗且提前于弧根，使电弧温度迅速下降进而黏性迅速降低，这样电弧的散热条件好，则电弧弧柱去游离过程强，弧柱电位梯度就高，近极压降或近阴极效应很强，特别有利于500V及以上电压的临界电流的熄灭和故障大电流的分断，使灭弧性能得到很大的提升。
进一步地，请继续参考图1，第一灭弧栅片组件510中金属灭弧栅片的排列方向为第一方向，第二灭弧栅片组件520中金属灭弧栅片的排列方向为第二方向，第一方向和第二方向呈锐角设置，本实施例中，第二灭弧栅片组件520沿第二方向上的长度大于第一灭弧栅片组件510沿第一方向上的长度，第二灭弧栅片组件520中远离第一灭弧栅片组件510的部分金属灭弧栅片向动触头200所在方向倾斜排列。
第一方向与第二方向也可以呈直角或钝角设置，设置角度不同，灭弧栅片组件形成的形状不同，可根据动触头200、静触头300的具体结构布置进行合理设置。
第一灭弧栅片组件510自邻近或紧挨折弯导体310的第一金属灭弧栅片501依次向远离折弯导体310的方向排列，第一灭弧栅片组件510中靠近折弯导体310的相邻两个金属灭弧栅片之间部分平行设置，靠近第二灭弧栅片组件520的相邻两金属灭弧栅片之间呈夹角设置，与第二灭弧栅片组件520衔接，以形成折弯状的弧形结构的灭弧栅片组件，有利于各个金属灭弧栅片的延长面相交在动触头200所在方向，有利于电弧更快进入灭弧室。
第二灭弧栅片组件520靠近第一灭弧栅片组件510的部分金属灭弧栅片中相
邻两个金属灭弧栅片之间呈夹角设置，以实现与第一灭弧栅片组件510的过渡衔接，共同形成折弯，第二灭弧栅片组件520过折弯后的金属灭弧栅片组件以夹角、平行复合方式排列，在远离第一灭弧栅片组件510的部分，即第二灭弧栅片组件520上部的部分金属灭弧栅片依次向靠近打开最大开距时的动触头200靠拢，从而在动触头200打开最大开距时，动触头200上的电弧可以快速地转移到第二灭弧栅片组件520顶部的金属灭弧栅片上，加快电弧的转移，拉长电弧，提高灭弧装置1000的灭弧性能。
在其他的实施例中，第二灭弧栅片组件520上部的金属灭弧栅片还可以呈角度排列，形成弧形结构，以与打开最大开距时的动触头200靠近，可以实现相同的技术效果。
图1所示的实施例中，呈锐角设置的灭弧栅片组件，其锐角为尖角设置，经试验所得尖角α角度范围：30°＜α≤75°为可选值，对比图2所示夹角β，75°＜β＜90°，在相同条件下角度α为尖角设置时尖角状能够布置更多数量的金属灭弧栅片，更大程度的拉长电弧，增加电弧运动距离，可以增加锐角处的场强，使电弧在高场强的作用下更加容易进入灭弧栅片中进行去游离工作，尖角状还增加锐角前方空间面积，使空气等离子数量增加并使热等离子热游离速度加快，增强电弧去游离作用。
图1所示的实施例中，静触头300的折弯导体310与长边320大致垂直设置，折弯导体310与绝缘外壳400的第一内侧401大致垂直，长边320沿第一内侧401布置。
如图3所示，静触头300与动触头200相接触之处分别固设有静触头合金触点312、动触头合金触点214，在静触头300和动触头200上设置合金触点可以降低动触头200、静触头300的电阻率、提高动触头200、静触头300之间的导电性能，同时合金触点具有耐高温、不易磨损、抗氧化等优点，可以用于分断大电流的耐电弧烧损。
在其他的实施例中，静触头还可以设置成其他的结构形式，如图4提供的静触头的第二种结构形式，该结构形式中，静触头300的折弯导体310与长边320呈45°角设置，折弯导体310朝靠近动触头200的旋转中心方向倾斜；图5提供了静触头的第三种结构形式，该结构形式中，静触头300的折弯导体310与长边320呈45°角设置，折弯导体310朝远离动触头200的旋转中心方向倾斜；再如图6提供了静触头的第四种结构形式，该结构形式中，静触头300的折弯导体310与长边320平行设置，该结构形式中的静触头300和动触头200分别固设有静触头合金触点312、动触头合金触点214，该合金触点的好处与上述合金触点相同。静触头300的折弯结构设置，
可以改变静触头300中电流的流动方向，从而可以增加施加于电弧的电动力，有助于电弧的转移。图7提供了第五种结构形式的静触头，图8是图7中的A-A截面图，该结构形式中，静触头300为夹头式，动触头200通过插入和拔出静触头300的夹头，实现动触头200与静触头300的导通与分离。夹头状结构设置有益于动触头200在耐受大电流时不被洛伦兹力所斥开。
下面结合图9、图10、图11和图12进一步描述第一金属灭弧栅片501如何将电弧吸引到金属灭弧栅片上，达到将电弧快速引入灭弧装置1000中的效果。
如图9和图10所示，当开关中通一电流I时，电流I从静触头300流向动触头200时，依据“右手螺旋定则”可知，静触头300上方的磁场方向为从内向外，此时在静触头300上方的金属灭弧栅片受到磁场FF的作用，由图10可知，金属灭弧栅片被磁场FF穿过并磁化，金属灭弧栅片内部磁场FF1与磁场FF方向相同，在磁场FF1作用下金属灭弧栅片开口处产生了磁场GG，磁场GG与磁场FF1反向，当动触头200和静触头300分离时产生初始电弧柱1001，受到距离很近的第一金属灭弧栅片501开口处磁场GG的作用，依据“左手定则”可知，初始电弧柱1001在洛伦兹力F的作用下向第一金属灭弧栅片501移动。
如图11和图12所示，当开关中通一电流I时，电流I从动触头200流向静触头300时，依据“右手螺旋定则”可知，静触头300上方的磁场方向为从外向内，此时在静触头300上方的金属灭弧栅片受到磁场FF的作用，由图12可知，金属灭弧栅片被磁场FF穿过并磁化，金属灭弧栅片内部磁场FF1与磁场FF方向相同，在磁场FF1作用下金属灭弧栅片开口处产生了磁场GG，磁场GG与磁场FF1反向，当动触头200和静触头300分离时产生电弧初始电弧柱1001，此时初始电弧柱1001受到距离很近的第一金属灭弧栅片501开口处磁场GG的作用，依据“左手定则”可知，初始电弧柱1001在洛伦兹力F的作用下向第一金属灭弧栅片501移动。
由以上分析可知，当开关中通电时，位于静触头300上方的金属灭弧栅片在电磁场的作用下都会对电弧产生向金属灭弧栅片运动的作用力，促进电弧更快速地进入灭弧系统中，从而快速灭弧。
在一些实施例中，如图13至图15所示，静触头300的合金触点与第一金属灭弧栅片501之间设置有一个较短且结构形态不同的导弧件540，导弧件540沿第一方向的长度X1不超过第一灭弧栅片组件510沿第一方向上长度的50％。当第一金属灭弧
栅片501与折弯导体310邻近设置而不接触时，可以通过导弧件540实现电弧的快速转移。满足了有些结构并不能使电弧直接进入灭弧栅片中，通过设置不同形态的导弧件540导引电弧向灭弧栅片运动，促使电弧快速进入灭弧室中。
在一些实施例中，动触头200还可以有其他结构。
如图16提供的动触头200，动触头200自旋转中心201向一端延伸，动触头200的端部形成有与静触头300接触的凸起213和用于引弧用的凸起引弧部，凸起213与凸起引弧部延伸反向不同，动触头200大致呈L形。凸起231具有可在一定程度上替代动触头200上的动触点的作用，有助于降低成本。
如图17、图18所示，动触头200一端部形成有与静触头300相接触的一凸起电接触部211、与凸起电接触部211相反方向再设置一个凸起引弧部212，凸起电接触部211、凸起引弧部212向两侧伸出，使得动触头200呈T形状。T形状易于加工，有利于控制成本。
如图19、图20、图21、图22提供了一种L形夹头式的动触头结构，图23是图19、图20、图21以及图22中的B-B截面图，图19、图20与图21、图22“L”头部方向相反，动触头200与静触头300相接触之处为夹头状，动触头200通过插在静触头300两侧，实现动触头200与静触头300的导通，动触头200拔出静触头300，实现动触头200与静触头300的分离，夹头状结构设置有益于动触头200在耐受大电流时不被洛伦兹力所斥开。
图17、图19、图21为动触头的运动轨迹示意图，凸起引弧部212的旋转半径R1大于或等于凸起电接触部211的旋转半径R2，在动触头200运动过程中凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片之间距离逐渐减小，吸引电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，引导电弧向灭弧栅片组件内运动。
图18、图20、图22为动触头的运动轨迹示意图，凸起引弧部212的旋转半径R1小于凸起电接触部211的旋转半径R2，在动触头200的运动过程中，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片之间距离先由大变小，引导电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，在动触头200运动到最大开距处时，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片之间的距离D1大于凸起电接触部211与金属灭弧栅片之间的距离D2。
此应用在电弧能量较小时可能会产生不同的灭弧效果，当凸起引弧部211在最大开距处距离金属灭弧栅片前端较远时，电弧能量较小时更易受到邻近金属灭弧栅
片吸引，向邻近金属灭弧栅片运动，并在最后与动触头200的凸起引弧部212之间形成一通路，此时电弧拉长，电弧在金属灭弧栅片之间被切割成相互连接的短电弧，提高了灭弧室的利用率，避免了在终端附近形成近似团状电弧，进而造成的金属灭弧栅片前端部的短接，金属灭弧栅片短接不利于金属灭弧栅片将电弧分割成更多短弧，提升近极压降或近阴极效应，且团状电弧会使得电弧能量聚集而不易熄灭电弧。
图24、图25为动触头的运动轨迹示意图，动触头200自旋转中心201向一端伸出，动触头200的端部形成有与静触头300相接触的一凸起电接触部211、与凸起电接触部211相反方向再设置一个凸起引弧部212，凸起电接触部211与凸起引弧部212呈分叉形状，且凸起引弧部212的旋转半径R1大于或等于凸起电接触部211的旋转半径R2。
图24所示在动触头200运动过程中，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片之间的距离逐渐减小，吸引电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，引导电弧向灭弧栅片组件内运动。
图25所示在动触头200运动过程中，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片524之间距离先由大变小，引导电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，在动触头200运动到最大开距处时，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片524之间的距离D3大于凸起电接触部211与金属灭弧栅片524之间的距离D4，此实施例同样适用于电弧能量较小的情况。
图26、图27为所示动触头的运动轨迹示意图，动触头200自旋转中心201向一端伸出，动触头200的端部形成有与静触头300相接触的一凸起电接触部211、与凸起电接触部211相反方向再设置一个凸起引弧部212，凸起电接触部211与凸起引弧部212呈分叉形状，且凸起引弧部212的旋转半径R1小于凸起电接触部211的旋转半径R2。
图26所示在动触头运动过程中，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片524之间距离先由大变小，引导电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，在动触头200运动到最大开距处时，凸起引弧部212与金属灭弧栅片524之间的距离D1大于凸起电接触部211与金属灭弧栅片524之间的距离D2，此实例同样适用于电弧能量较小的情况。
图27所示为凸起引弧部与金属灭弧栅片前端距离的另一种应用实例，图28为图27中的A向视图，在动触头200最大开距附近设置挡弧件900，挡弧件900设置于金属灭弧栅片524腿部，通过挡弧件900的遮挡，使得电弧在终端需爬行更长的距离才能在引弧部900与金属灭弧栅片524前端连通。此设置有益于空间结构紧凑，或
在空间复杂情况下应用以达到图25相同的效果。
挡弧件900也可设置于凸起引弧部212上达到相同的效果，本实例仅展示了其中较为典型的应用，并不代表所有方案，在此基础上技术人员所能够设计的方案均在我方保护范围。
图25所示引弧部运动轨迹半径R1大于电接触部运动轨迹半径R2时，可通过移动金属灭弧栅片524位置、改变金属灭弧栅片524尺寸等方式，使动触头200最大开距附近的金属灭弧栅片524与引弧部212之间的距离D3大于电接触部211与其附近金属灭弧栅片524前端的距离D4。
动触头200与静触头300在分离运动过程中，当凸起引弧部212距离灭弧栅片电气间隙最小时，电弧向凸起引弧部212转移，此时电弧在凸起引弧部212与静触头300上的静触点之间形成一通路，由此可知凸起引弧部212的凸起形状结构使得可以布置更多的金属灭弧栅片524，转移电弧向更多的灭弧栅片，将电弧分割成更多短弧，提升近极压降或近阴极效应，还可以使动触头200运动轨迹与灭弧装置1000之间形成一个下宽上窄的空间，使电弧的弧柱快速增长，使电弧的弧根滞后于弧柱，起到快速扩散和冷却电弧的作用，使电弧的灭弧性能得以很大的提升。
下面结合图29-图30进一步描述导磁的灭弧栅片组件100。如图29所示，灭弧栅片组件100包含有绝缘件610、绝缘隔弧件700、金属灭弧栅片500，绝缘件610至少包括两片绝缘板，耦合于金属灭弧栅片500的两侧，以固定空气绝缘层叠的金属灭弧栅片500，本实施例中的绝缘件610包括设于金属灭弧栅片500一侧的第一绝缘板611、第三绝缘板613、及设于金属灭弧栅片500另一侧的第二绝缘板612、第四绝缘板614，金属灭弧栅片500的一侧固定在第一绝缘板611、第三绝缘板613上，另一端固定在第二绝缘板612、第四绝缘板614上；绝缘隔弧件700包括包裹金属灭弧栅片500一个腿部的第一绝缘隔弧件701、第三绝缘隔弧件703、及包裹金属灭弧栅片500另一个腿部的第二绝缘隔弧件702、第四绝缘隔弧件704，绝缘件610和绝缘隔弧件700可选采用产气绝缘材料，绝缘隔弧件700位于绝缘件610内侧。
进一步地，绝缘板上设置有装配孔、槽特征620，金属灭弧栅片500上设置有凸起特征501，并与槽特征620配合，金属灭弧栅片500与绝缘件通过凸起与槽孔配合的方式或铆接的方式实现装配固定。
在其他实施例中，金属灭弧栅片500也可直接装配至绝缘外壳400上，此时
绝缘外壳400即为绝缘件610。当绝缘外壳400内空间有限，金属灭弧栅片500的尺寸不能减小时，金属灭弧栅片500装配至绝缘外壳400内壁上可增加有效空间利用率。
金属灭弧栅片500与绝缘板采用上述方式装配有利于提高产品装配效率，也可避免金属灭弧栅片500少装、错装的不良现象。
如图30所示，绝缘隔弧件700设置在灭弧栅片组件100内，金属灭弧栅片500两腿部上包裹的绝缘隔弧件700之间的空气间隙高度H1小于两侧的绝缘件610之间空气间隙高度H2，通过将两绝缘隔弧件700之间的空气间隙高度H1设置成小于2个绝缘件之间的空气间隙高度H2，收窄电弧经过的通道，使灭弧栅片组件的前后部之间形成气压差，有利于加快电弧向金属灭弧栅片500内部移动，加快熄灭电弧。
上述绝缘隔弧件700也可分为左右各一件亦或左右多件，应依据实际情况来设置。
在另外的实施例中，如图31和图32所示，2个绝缘隔弧件700分别设于灭弧栅片组件100的端部与动触头200运动区域之间，2个绝缘隔弧件之间空气间隙高度H1小于2个绝缘件之间空气间隙高度H2，本实施例中，绝缘隔弧件700可以固定设置在2个绝缘件上或固定设置在绝缘外壳400上；再如图33和图34所示，2个绝缘隔弧件700之间，自灭弧栅片组件100的端部向动触头200运动区域延伸的长度大于灭弧栅片组件100端部至动触头200运动区域之间的距离，即动触头200的端部伸入至2个绝缘隔弧件700所形成的空间间隙区域内，2个绝缘隔弧件700之间空气间隙高度H1小于2个绝缘件610之间空气间隙高度H2。绝缘隔弧件700的设置方式仅是示例性的，可根据具体的结构对绝缘隔弧件700进行设置，只需满足设置后形成2个绝缘隔弧件700之间形成的空间间隙高度小于其至少一侧的空间间隙高度即可，由此当电弧向金属灭弧栅片500运动时，由于绝缘隔弧件700之间空气间隙为H1小于绝缘板610之间空气间隙为H2，电弧流经通道收窄，提高了电弧弧压，迫使电弧能够更快速运动，能够使电弧更快速的向金属灭弧栅片500后部运动，电弧变得更长，降低电弧能量。
绝缘隔弧件700的形状可选为柱状、壁状、片状、三角状、部分环状、多面体状或以上形状的任意组合。设置绝缘隔弧件700的结构不同能够更好的引导电弧向灭弧组件内部运动。
绝缘隔弧件700由产气材料制成，可选产气材料为尼龙或聚甲醛。电弧在燃烧时绝缘隔弧件700还可产气，在气流的作用下促使电弧分散并向金属灭弧栅片500
后端运动，有利于更快速的灭弧。
两片灭弧栅片之间布置的角度可以在0度～45度之间，在呈弯折结构排列的灭弧栅片组件100中，在弯折过渡区域的灭弧栅片的排列时，相邻灭弧栅片角度越大，栅片排列数量越少，过渡空间要求越小，反之相邻灭弧栅片角度越小，栅片排列数量越多，过渡空间要求越大，经多次测试验证所得角度值可以为5～15度，如图1中所示的灭弧栅片组件100。
图35所示灭弧栅片组件100中各金属灭弧栅片之间的排列方式，金属灭弧栅片500以空气绝缘间隔设置，金属灭弧栅片500之间可平行设置，也可成夹角设置，当夹角设置时，金属灭弧栅片500开口端间距h1不大于金属灭弧栅片500底部间距h2，金属灭弧栅片500排布形状大体为一弧形结构。
此设置使电弧在向金属灭弧栅片500底部运动时能够将电弧间距逐渐加大，增加空气绝缘间隙，拉长电弧，降低电弧能量，利于电弧快速消散。
图36示出金属灭弧栅片的不同结构，金属灭弧栅片500朝向进弧端上开设有聚磁用开口552，其形状为有窄缝状、倾斜状、水平状、梯结构状、口状、圆状、弧状等。
图37示出金属灭弧栅片的引弧结构示意图，金属灭弧栅片500朝向进弧端上设置有引弧结构，金属灭弧栅片500的开口552两端的腿部结构不同，一端腿部的第一端面551的形状与另一腿部的第二端面553的形状不同，即两侧的腿部呈非对称设置，此结构有利于在一些应用中将电弧更快的引入灭弧栅片中。
图37所示金属灭弧栅片500也可以有进一步应用，将腿部特征加长形成引弧片与灭弧栅片结合体形状，如图38、图39所示金属灭弧栅片500与静触头300呈锐角θ设置，此结构简化了零部件的结构，有利于节省成本。
图40示出多枚金属灭弧栅片呈交错排列结构示意图，将图36所示的腿部结构不同的金属灭弧栅片500交错排列布置，使电弧的灭弧通道101变的不连续或不均匀，从而促使电弧在运动时移动路径加大，使电弧能量减小，金属灭弧栅片500快速切割电弧，有效的使电弧消散。
金属灭弧栅片500之间以空气绝缘的窄缝间隔排列时，在电弧所成结构的磁场电动力的作用下，可使电弧拉长并进入灭弧装置100的窄缝中，电弧在栅片狭缝中运动，一方面受到冷却，加强了去游离作用；另一方面电弧被拉长，弧径被压小，弧
电阻增大，促使电弧熄灭。
图41示出灭弧栅片组件呈“C”型布置示意图，灭弧栅片组件100包括第一灭弧栅片组件510、第二灭弧栅片组件520以及第三灭弧栅片组件570，第一灭弧栅片组件510沿第一方向排列且布置在绝缘外壳400的第一内侧401，第二灭弧栅片组件520沿第二方向排且布置在绝缘外壳400的第二内侧402，第三灭弧栅片组件570沿第一方向排列且布置在绝缘外壳400的第三内侧403，第一灭弧栅片组件510、第三灭弧栅片组件570沿第一方向的长度均小于第二灭弧栅片组件520沿第二反向的长度，第一灭弧栅片组件510、第二灭弧栅片组件520、第三灭弧栅片组件530共同形成具有2个折弯部的C形灭弧栅片组件，在开关的体积条件允许的情况下，绝缘外壳400的三个内侧均设置金属灭弧栅片500的数量比两内侧设置金属灭弧栅片500的数量更多，灭弧性能更好。
在一些实施例中，如图42所示，在第二灭弧栅片组件520的上方部分金属灭弧栅片525向动触头200所在方向倾斜排列或排列呈弧形结构。此设置有利于引导电弧走向以及增加栅片与动触头200之间冷却空间。
图43至图46示出灭弧栅片组件100的顶部设置不同结构状的引弧件示意图，灭弧栅片组件100只有一个弯折结构，在第二灭弧栅片组件520的上方设置一个引弧件530，以引向动触头200的凸起引弧部212，引弧件530可具有不同的形式，其目的在于当动触头200与静触头300之间的开距很大时，能产生更大的冷却和扩散空间，提高灭弧性能。
在一些实施例中，开关承载相或极电源的绝缘外壳400多极为左右相邻设置，动触头200为垂直上下运动，这种结构适合大工作电流的开关，将灭弧室布置成三面体的C型灭弧栅片组件或两面体的L形灭弧栅片组件，分断更高、更大的电压和电流。
在一些实施例中，可以在灭弧装置1000上或灭弧装置1000外设置一个或多个永磁钢件800是对电弧熄灭有促进作用的，具体的，永磁钢件800设置于灭弧装置1000侧方，永磁钢件800可紧贴、可临近绝缘件610，也可设置于绝缘件610与绝缘隔弧件700之间。
如图47所示，永磁钢体800设置在绝缘件610一侧，永磁钢件800的N极向右，磁场方向如箭头所示是从左向右穿过金属灭弧栅片500，当电弧在图示方向向上运动时，受到了磁场的作用力F，依据“左手定则”可知，作用力F的方向为垂直纸面
向里，在F的作用下，电弧向金属灭弧栅片500后端快速运动，将电弧运动轨迹变得更长，使得电弧能量减小，冷却作用加强，利于电弧快速熄灭。
在其他实施例中，如图48、图49、图50和图51所示，永磁钢件800设置于灭弧装置后方，永磁钢件800设置于绝缘外壳400上，与金属灭弧栅片500之间绝缘设置。
请继续参考图48和图49，永磁钢件800的N极朝向图示X正向，磁场方向如箭头所示是从左向右穿过金属灭弧栅片500，当电弧在图示向Y正向运动时，受到了磁场的作用力F，依据“左手定则”可知，F的方向为垂直纸面向里(图示Z正向)，具体的由图49可知，电弧在磁场力F的作用下向金属灭弧栅片500的右端运动。
请继续参考图50和图51，永磁钢件800的N极朝向图示X正向，磁场方向如箭头所示是从左向右穿过金属灭弧栅片500，当电弧在图示向Y负向运动时，受到了磁场的作用力F，依据“左手定则”可知，F的方向为垂直纸面向外(即图示Z负向)，具体的由图51可知，电弧在磁场力F作用下向金属灭弧栅片500的左端运动。
由以上所述可知，在灭弧装置后方设置永磁钢件800时，会促使局部电弧向灭弧栅片开口的左右两端运动，使得电弧能够拉长的更长一些，利于电弧熄灭。
永磁钢件800设置的位置与数量应依据实际需求与结构而定，本图示仅是对磁场作用原理的一种表述，也可以为其他的情况。
以上已经描述了本公开的各实例，上述说明是示例性的，仅为本公开的可选实施例，并非穷尽性的，并不用于限制本公开。虽然在本申请中权利要求书已针对特征的特定组合而制定，但是应当理解，本公开的范围还包括本文所公开的明确或隐含或对其任何概括的任何新颖特征或特征的任何新颖组合，无论它是否涉及目前所要求保护的任何权利要求中的相同方案。申请人据此告知，新的权利要求可以在本申请的审查过程中或由其衍生的任何进一步的申请中本制定成这些特征和/或这些特征的组合。
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- 一种用于电的开关中熄灭电弧的灭弧装置，所述灭弧装置至少包括灭弧栅片组件、动触头、静触头、绝缘外壳，所述动触头与所述静触头在刚打开分离时产生初始电弧柱，所述动触头与所述静触头在打开分离产生最大开距时产生终点电弧柱，所述灭弧栅片组件至少包括多枚相互空气绝缘的金属灭弧栅片，所述灭弧栅片组件中的多枚所述金属灭弧栅片层叠排列后呈至少一个弯折结构，且多枚所述金属灭弧栅片直接或间接地沿所述绝缘外壳内的至少两个相邻的内侧排列，所述静触头呈至少一个弯折结构状，所述灭弧栅片组件形成的灭弧通道长度大于所述动触头与所述静触头在打开分离时产生最大的开距长度，设于所述灭弧栅片组件第一端的第一金属灭弧栅片紧挨或邻近所述静触头上的一弯折导体，且也紧挨或邻近所述初始电弧柱设置，所述第一金属灭弧栅片与所述弯折导体的延伸方向相同或呈夹角。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述灭弧栅片组件包括第一灭弧栅片组件和第二灭弧栅片组件，所述第一灭弧栅片组件沿第一方向排列，且位于所述初始电弧柱的前方并设置在所述绝缘外壳的第一内侧，第二灭弧栅片组件沿第二方向排列，且位于所述初始电弧柱至终点电弧柱的前方并设置在所述绝缘外壳的第二内侧，所述第一方向与所述第二方向非平行，且所述第一方向与所述动触头的延伸方向垂直或呈锐角或呈钝角设置。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第一灭弧栅片组件的延伸方向与所述第二灭弧栅片组件的延伸方向呈锐角，呈锐角设置的所述灭弧栅片组件，其锐角为尖角设置。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第一灭弧栅片组件沿第一方向的长度小于所述第二灭弧栅片组件沿第二方向的长度。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第一灭弧栅片组件沿第一方向设置的栅片数量至少为二枚。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第二灭弧栅片组件中远离所述第一灭弧栅片组件的部分灭弧栅片，向所述动触头所在方向倾斜排列或排列呈弧形结构。
- 根据权利要求2所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第二灭弧栅片组件的顶部设置有一向所述动触头方向延伸的引弧件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述初始电弧柱与所述第一金属灭弧 栅片之间不设置或设置导弧件。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第一金属灭弧栅片与所述初始电弧柱之间设置有导弧件，所述导弧件的长度不超过所述第一灭弧栅片组件沿第一方向长度的50％。
- 据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述灭弧栅片组件包括用于固定多枚所述金属灭弧栅片的绝缘件，所述绝缘件为内部带有腔的绝缘外壳的一部分或/和至少二个片状结构的绝缘板。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述第一灭弧栅片组件设置在所述弯折导体的左侧或/和右侧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，相邻的两枚所述金属灭弧栅片之间呈平行或夹角设置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述金属灭弧栅片的一个端面上开设或不开设低于所述端面的几何结构状开口。
- 根据权利要求13所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述开口的几何结构状为下列其中一种或任意组合：倾斜状、水平状、梯结构状、口状、圆状、弧状。
- 根据权利要求10所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述金属灭弧栅片与绝缘件装配方式为凸凹或/和孔位配合。
- 根据权利要求11所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述灭弧栅片组件内设置或不设置绝缘隔弧件。
- 根据权利要求16所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述灭弧装置还包括至少两个绝缘隔弧件，两个所述绝缘隔弧件设于所述灭弧栅片组件与动触头之间或设于所述灭弧栅片组件内。
- 根据权利要求17所述的灭弧装置，其中，两个所述绝缘隔弧件分别设于所述金属灭弧栅片的两个腿部，两个所述绝缘隔弧件之间空气间隙高度H1小于所述两个绝缘件之间空气间隙高度H2。
- 根据权利要求17所述的灭弧装置，其中，两个所述绝缘隔弧件分别设于所述灭弧栅片组件的端部与动触头运动区域之间，或所述绝缘隔弧件自所述灭弧栅片组件的端部向所述动触头运动区域延伸的长度大于所述灭弧栅片组件端部至所述动触头运动区域之间的距离，两个所述绝缘隔弧件之间空气间隙高度小于两个所述绝缘件之间 空气间隙高度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述动触头设置有旋转中心，所述旋转中心至少向一端伸出，所述动触头的至少一端部形成有凸起电接触部和凸起引弧部，所述凸起电接触部与所述静触头相接触，所述凸起引弧部设置于所述凸起电接触部的相反方向，所述凸起电接触部与所述凸起引弧部呈分叉形状，且所述凸起引弧部的旋转半径R1大于或等于或小于所述凸起电接触部的旋转半径R2。
- 根据权利要求1所述的灭弧装置，其中，所述动触头设置有旋转中心，所述旋转中心至少向一端伸出，所述动触头的至少一端部形成有凸起电接触部以及凸起引弧部，所述凸起电接触部与静触头相接触，所述凸起引弧部设置于所述电接触部的相反方向，所述动触头呈T或L形状，且所述凸起引弧部的旋转半径R1大于或等于或小于所述凸起电接触部的旋转半径R2。
- 一种电的开关，包括权利要求1至21任一项所述的灭弧装置。
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| CN118231197A (zh) * | 2024-05-21 | 2024-06-21 | 上海涵嘉电气设备有限公司 | 一种配电柜的配电开关 |
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| CN118098881B (zh) * | 2024-04-29 | 2024-09-03 | 深圳市长天智能有限公司 | 接触器及其灭弧装置 |
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