WO2024004204A1 - 基板外観検査装置および基板外観検査方法 - Google Patents
基板外観検査装置および基板外観検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024004204A1 WO2024004204A1 PCT/JP2022/026476 JP2022026476W WO2024004204A1 WO 2024004204 A1 WO2024004204 A1 WO 2024004204A1 JP 2022026476 W JP2022026476 W JP 2022026476W WO 2024004204 A1 WO2024004204 A1 WO 2024004204A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims description 123
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
- H05K13/08—Monitoring manufacture of assemblages
- H05K13/081—Integration of optical monitoring devices in assembly lines; Processes using optical monitoring devices specially adapted for controlling devices or machines in assembly lines
- H05K13/0812—Integration of optical monitoring devices in assembly lines; Processes using optical monitoring devices specially adapted for controlling devices or machines in assembly lines the monitoring devices being integrated in the mounting machine, e.g. for monitoring components, leads, component placement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/20—Image enhancement or restoration using local operators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or adjusting assemblages of electric components
- H05K13/08—Monitoring manufacture of assemblages
Definitions
- a board appearance inspection device that inspects the appearance of a board on which parts are mounted
- processing is performed to recognize predetermined information such as characters attached to the part from a two-dimensional image obtained by capturing an image of the part with a camera. is executed.
- predetermined information such as characters attached to the part from a two-dimensional image obtained by capturing an image of the part with a camera.
- high-resolution cameras have been used to reliably recognize predetermined information while responding to miniaturization of components.
- the depth of field of a high-resolution camera is generally shallow, the height of the component may cause the component to deviate from the depth of field, resulting in blurred images.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for correcting image blur through arithmetic processing. Specifically, image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image is corrected by performing restoration processing using a Wiener filter on the two-dimensional image.
- restoration processing performs calculations to correct the blur of an image whose size is estimated based on the height of the part to be inspected (in other words, the distance between the camera and the part). Therefore, in order to reliably correct image blur, it is necessary to perform restoration processing while accurately reflecting the height of the inspection object.
- the height of the components varies due to various factors such as individual differences between the components, the mounting state of the components on the board, and warpage of the board. In situations where such variations in the height of components occur, the above-described restoration process does not necessarily function effectively, making it difficult to reliably correct image blur.
- the restoration processing unit calculates a parameter indicating the size of the image blur based on the height information, and executes a calculation to correct the image blur based on the parameter to perform the restoration process.
- An inspection device may also be configured. By using such parameters, the restoration process can be performed while accurately reflecting the height of the object to be inspected. As a result, it is possible to reliably correct image blur that occurs in a two-dimensional image of the inspection object, regardless of variations in the height of the inspection object, such as components provided on a board.
- the parameter may be the standard deviation of a Gaussian function, which is a point spread function.
- the restoration processing unit may configure the board appearance inspection apparatus so that the parameter is determined based on the height information using relationship definition information that defines the relationship between the height information and the parameter.
- relationship definition information that defines the relationship between the height information and the parameter.
- the board appearance inspection apparatus may be configured to further include a calibration section that obtains related regulation information based on the results of multiple imaging operations performed by the imaging camera while changing the height of the object to be imaged by the imaging camera. good.
- appropriate relationship regulation information can be obtained based on the result of actually measuring the relationship between the magnitude of image blur that occurs when the imaging camera captures an image of the imaging target and the height of the imaging target.
- the calibration unit may change the height of the imaging target by changing one measurement region selected as the imaging target among a plurality of measurement regions having different heights from each other. may be configured.
- the calibration unit may configure the board appearance inspection apparatus to change the height of the imaging target by moving one measurement region, which is the imaging target, in the vertical direction.
- the restoration necessity determination unit determines that the restoration process is not necessary, and if the height of the inspection target indicated by the height information is within the predetermined range.
- the board appearance inspection apparatus may be configured to determine that the restoration process is necessary if it is outside the range.
- it further includes a recognition processing unit that executes recognition processing to recognize predetermined information included in the inspection target based on the two-dimensional image, and the restoration necessity determination unit determines that the restoration processing is unnecessary when the recognition processing is successful.
- the board appearance inspection apparatus may be configured to determine that the restoration process is necessary if the recognition process fails.
- the height information indicating the height of the inspection object such as a component is acquired based on, for example, the surface of the board (the surface on which the inspection object is placed).
- the height information includes the effects of warpage of the substrate and variations in the holding position of the substrate, and it may not be possible to accurately correct image blur.
- the height information acquisition unit sets a reference plane indicating the position of the board, and determines the height based on the height of the inspection object with respect to the reference plane and a reference offset indicating the deviation between the focal point position of the imaging camera and the reference plane.
- the board appearance inspection apparatus may be configured to acquire the information. By using the height information acquired in this way, it is possible to acquire the height information and accurately correct image blur, regardless of the effects of warpage of the substrate or variations in the holding position of the substrate.
- the height information acquisition unit may configure the board appearance inspection apparatus to set a plurality of reference points on the board and set a reference plane based on the height of each of the plurality of reference points. .
- the present invention it is possible to reliably correct image blur that occurs in a two-dimensional image of an inspection object, regardless of variations in the height of the inspection object such as a component provided on a board.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an appearance inspection machine.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a component targeted for character recognition processing.
- FIG. 2B is a plan view of the component shown in FIG. 2A.
- 2 is a flowchart showing a first example of character recognition processing executed by the appearance inspection machine.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of how component height is obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an image restoration circuit built in a calculation unit in the character recognition process of FIG. 3; 6 is a graph showing the correlation between component height and image blur, which is assumed by the image restoration circuit of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a lookup table used in the image restoration circuit of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an appearance inspection machine.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a component targeted for character recognition processing.
- FIG. 2B is a plan
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a second example of character recognition processing executed by the appearance inspection machine.
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for measuring the correlation between the height of an imaging target and the magnitude of blur in an image.
- FIG. 10 is a side view schematically showing an example of the operation performed in the flowchart of FIG. 9; 10 is a side view schematically showing another example of the operation performed in the flowchart of FIG. 9.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating an appearance inspection machine.
- the appearance inspection machine 1 in FIG. 1 includes a conveyor 2, an inspection head 3, a drive mechanism 4, and a control section 5.
- a component 7 is mounted on the surface 61 of the board 6, and the component 7 is particularly targeted for inspection.
- This component 7 is, for example, an electronic component such as a chip capacitor, a chip resistor, or an LSI (Large-Scale Integration).
- the conveyor 2 conveys the substrate 6 along a predetermined conveyance path. Specifically, the conveyor 2 carries the substrate 6 before inspection to the inspection position in the visual inspection machine 1, and holds the substrate 6 horizontally at the inspection position. In this way, the board 6 is fixed with the surface 61 of the board 6 on which the component 7 is mounted facing upward. Further, when the inspection of the component 7 mounted on the board 6 is completed, the conveyor 2 carries the inspected board 6 out of the appearance inspection machine 1 from the inspection position.
- the inspection head 3 has an imaging camera 31 placed above the inspection position.
- the optical axis of the imaging camera 31 is parallel to the Z direction, and the imaging camera 31 faces the surface 61 of the substrate 6 held horizontally at the inspection position by the transport conveyor 2 from above.
- This imaging camera 31 has an imaging field of view V, and can image a range within the imaging field of view V of the substrate 6.
- the inspection head 3 also includes a projector 32 that projects striped pattern light whose light intensity distribution changes in a sinusoidal manner onto the imaging field of view V.
- the projector 32 includes a light source such as an LED, and a digital micromirror device that reflects light from the light source toward the imaging field of view V.
- the projector 32 can project a plurality of patterns of light having mutually different phases onto the imaging field of view V by adjusting the angle of each micromirror of the digital micromirror device.
- the inspection head 3 has a lighting 33 that irradiates the imaging field of view V with illumination light.
- the illumination 33 includes, for example, R (red), G (green), and B (blue) LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes), and irradiates the imaging field of view V with white illumination light from above.
- the drive mechanism 4 supports the inspection head 3 and drives the inspection head 3 in the horizontal directions X, Y and vertical direction Z using a motor. By driving the drive mechanism 4, the inspection head 3 is moved above the substrate 6 at the inspection position, and a part of the substrate 6 can be captured in the imaging field of view V.
- the control section 5 has a calculation section 51 and a storage section 52.
- the calculation unit 51 is, for example, a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and the storage unit 52 is a storage device such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or an SSD (Solid State Drive). Then, the inspection is executed by the calculation unit 51 controlling the visual inspection machine 1 .
- the control section 5 includes an imaging control section 53 that controls the imaging camera 31, a projection control section 54 that controls the projector 32, an illumination control section 55 that controls the illumination 33, and a drive control section 56 that controls the drive mechanism 4.
- the calculation unit 51 controls the drive mechanism 4 using the drive control unit 56 to drive the inspection head 3, thereby checking the number of components 7 mounted on the board 6.
- the inspection head 3 is opposed to the component 7 to be inspected.
- the inspection range Ri including the component 7 and a part of the surface 61 of the substrate 6 around the component 7 falls within the imaging field of view V of the imaging camera 31.
- the calculation unit 51 controls the projector 32 by the projection control unit 54 to project pattern light from the projector 32 onto the imaging field of view V, and controls the imaging camera 31 by the imaging control unit 53 to project the pattern light from the projector 32 to the imaging field of view V. is imaged by the imaging camera 31 (pattern imaging operation). As a result, the pattern light projected onto the imaging field of view V is imaged.
- the calculation unit 51 repeats the pattern imaging operation while changing the phase of the pattern light, thereby acquiring a distance image Id showing the three-dimensional shape of the inspection range Ri using a phase shift method (distance image acquisition operation).
- This distance image Id indicates the distance from the imaging camera 31 to the inspection range Ri (the component 7 and the surface 61 of the board 6), in other words, the height of the component 7.
- This distance image Id is acquired for all components 7 mounted on the board 6. The distance image Id thus obtained is stored in the storage unit 52.
- the calculation unit 51 controls the illumination 33 by the illumination control unit 55, thereby emitting illumination light from the illumination 33 to the imaging visual field V.
- the imaging field of view V is imaged by the imaging camera 31 (two-dimensional image imaging operation).
- Ri component 7 and the surface 61 of the board 6
- This two-dimensional image It is captured for all components 7 mounted on the board 6.
- the two-dimensional image It thus obtained is stored in the storage unit 52.
- FIG. 2A is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a component targeted for character recognition processing
- FIG. 2B is a plan view of the component shown in FIG. 2A.
- the component 7 mounted on the front surface 61 of the substrate 6 has an upper surface 71 facing upward in the Z direction.
- This upper surface 71 is located above the surface 61 of the substrate 6 by the thickness 72 of the component 7 .
- the letter C as exemplified by "ABCD" is attached.
- the appearance inspection machine 1 recognizes this character C based on the two-dimensional image It of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 (character recognition process).
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a first example of character recognition processing executed by the appearance inspection machine.
- the flowchart in FIG. 3 is executed under the control of the calculation unit 51.
- the conveyor 2 carries the substrate 6 to the inspection position.
- an inspection range Ri(N) is set for each of the plurality of components 7 mounted on the board 6.
- Information indicating the range to be inspected Ri(N) is, for example, created in advance by an operator and stored in the storage unit 52.
- step S102 the variable N for identifying this inspection range Ri(N) is reset to zero, and in step S103, the variable N is incremented by one.
- the calculation unit 51 drives the imaging camera 31 by controlling the drive mechanism 4 using the drive control unit 56, and causes the imaging camera 31 to face the inspection range Ri(N) from above (step S104). As a result, the inspection range Ri(N) falls within the imaging field of view V of the imaging camera 31.
- step S105 the calculation unit 51 executes the above-described distance image acquisition operation to acquire a distance image Id indicating the three-dimensional shape of the inspection range Ri, and stores it in the storage unit 52. Further, in step S106, the calculation unit 51 acquires the two-dimensional image It of the inspection range Ri by executing the above-described two-dimensional image capturing operation, and stores it in the storage unit 52. Note that the order of execution of steps S105 and S106 is not limited to this example, and may be reversed from this example.
- step S107 the calculation unit 51 obtains the height of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 indicated by the distance image Id as the component height H7 (FIG. 4).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the acquisition mode of component height.
- the distance image Id acquired in step S105 indicates the measured distance D7 from the camera position L31 corresponding to the position of the imaging camera 31 to the upper surface 71 of the component 7.
- the calculation unit 51 calculates the component height H7 from the distance image Id with reference to the focal position Lf where the focal point of the imaging camera 31 exists.
- the difference between the reference distance Df from the camera position L31 to the focal position Lf and the actually measured distance D7 from the imaging camera 31 to the upper surface 71 of the component 7 is acquired as the component height H7.
- This reference distance Df is measured in advance when the visual inspection machine 1 is shipped from the factory, and is stored in the storage unit 52.
- the focal position Lf is adjusted to the design value of the substrate support position L61, which is the position of the surface 61 of the substrate 6 supported at the inspection position.
- the focal point Lf may deviate from the substrate support position L61, as shown in FIG.
- step S108 the calculation unit 51 determines whether the component height H7 is equal to or less than the threshold height Ht. If the component height H7 is less than or equal to the threshold height Ht ("YES" in step S108), it can be estimated that the blur generated in the image of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 shown in the two-dimensional image It is small. Therefore, in step S109, the calculation unit 51 recognizes the character C attached to the upper surface 71 of the component 7 based on the two-dimensional image It (character recognition process). Then, the process advances to step S113.
- the calculation unit 51 executes steps S110 and S111 using the image restoration circuit 511 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of an image restoration circuit built in the calculation unit in the character recognition process shown in FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating the relationship graphically, and FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a lookup table used in the image restoration circuit of FIG. 5.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of an image restoration circuit built in the calculation unit in the character recognition process shown in FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating the relationship graphically
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a lookup table used in the image restoration circuit of FIG. 5.
- an image restoration circuit 511 having a ⁇ acquisition section 512 and a Wiener filter section 513 is constructed in the calculation section 51.
- This image restoration circuit 511 uses a defocus model in which light emitted from a point light source on the top surface 71 of the component 7 spreads in a Gaussian distribution and appears in the two-dimensional image It when the top surface 71 of the component 7 deviates from the focal position Lf. Assuming that. In other words, the point spread function is approximated by a Gaussian function.
- FIG. 6A there is a correlation between the component height H7 and the standard deviation ⁇ of the Gaussian distribution such that the higher the component height H7 is, the larger the standard deviation ⁇ becomes.
- the look-up table T in FIG. 6B shows the correspondence between the component height and the standard deviation ⁇ , and is stored in the storage unit 52 in advance.
- the ⁇ acquisition unit 512 calculates the standard deviation ⁇ based on the lookup table T from the component height H7 acquired in step S107 (step S110). Then, the Wiener filter unit 513 performs Wiener filter processing on the two-dimensional image It using the point spread function approximated by the Gaussian function having the standard deviation ⁇ acquired by the ⁇ acquisition unit 512 (step S111). As a result, the image blur that had occurred on the top surface 71 of the component 7 in the two-dimensional image It is corrected, and a restored image Ir in which the letter C attached to the top surface 71 is made clear is generated. In step S112, the calculation unit 51 executes a character recognition process to recognize the character C based on the restored image Ir. Then, the process advances to step S113.
- step S113 it is determined whether the variable N has reached the value Nx.
- the value Nx is the number of inspection ranges Ri (N) set for the substrate 6. If the variable N has not reached the value Nx ("NO" in step S113), the process returns to step S103. In this way, steps S104 to S112 are repeated for all inspection ranges Ri(N).
- the component height H7 (height information) indicating the height of the component 7 (inspection target) is acquired (steps S105, S107).
- the restoration process the image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image It due to the component height H7 is corrected using the component height H7 (step S111).
- the restoration process can be performed while accurately reflecting the component height H7.
- the image restoration circuit 511 (restoration processing unit) also calculates a standard deviation ⁇ (parameter) indicating the magnitude of image blur based on the component height H7, and performs a calculation to correct the image blur based on the standard deviation ⁇ . By executing this, the restoration process is executed (steps S110 and S111). By using such standard deviation ⁇ , the restoration process can be performed while accurately reflecting the component height H7 of the component 7. As a result, it is possible to reliably correct image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image It of the component 7, regardless of variations in component height H7 of the component 7 provided on the substrate 6.
- the calculation unit 51 determines whether the restoration process (step S111) is necessary for the two-dimensional image It (step S108). Then, if it is determined that the restoration process is necessary ("NO” in step S108), the image restoration circuit 511 executes the restoration process on the two-dimensional image It (step S111), and determines that the restoration process is unnecessary. If it is determined (“YES” in step S108), the restoration process is not performed on the two-dimensional image It. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress unnecessary execution of the restoration process on the two-dimensional image It in which image blur does not occur.
- the calculation unit 51 determines that the restoration process is unnecessary when the component height H7 is less than or equal to the threshold height Ht (predetermined range), and when the component height H7 is greater than the threshold height Ht, It is determined that restoration processing is necessary (step S108). Therefore, based on the result of actually measuring the component height H7 of the component 7, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not restoration processing is necessary.
- the component height H7 of the component 7 is obtained based on, for example, the surface 61 of the board 6 (the surface on which the component 7 is mounted).
- the component height H7 includes the effects of warpage of the board 6 and variations in the holding position of the board 6, and there is a possibility that image blur cannot be corrected accurately.
- the calculation unit 51 acquires the component height H7 based on the actually measured distance D7 from the imaging camera 31 to the component 7 and the focal position Lf of the imaging camera 31 (step S107).
- the component height H7 can be acquired and image blur can be accurately corrected, regardless of the effects of warpage of the board 6 or variations in the holding position of the board 6. be able to.
- the component height indicated by the look-up table T is similarly based on the focal point position Lf.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a second example of character recognition processing executed by the visual inspection machine.
- the flowchart in FIG. 7 is executed under the control of the calculation unit 51.
- Steps S201 to S204 are executed in the same manner as steps S101 to S104 in the first example.
- the imaging camera 31 faces the inspection range Ri(N) from above, and the inspection range Ri(N) falls within the imaging field of view V of the imaging camera 31.
- step S205 the calculation unit 51 acquires the two-dimensional image It of the inspection range Ri by executing the two-dimensional image capturing operation described above, and stores it in the storage unit 52.
- step S206 the calculation unit 51 attempts a character recognition process to recognize the character C attached to the upper surface 71 of the component 7 based on the two-dimensional image It.
- step S207 the calculation unit 51 determines whether the character recognition process attempted in step S206 was successful (that is, whether the character C was recognized). If the character recognition process is successful ("YES" in step S207), the process advances to step S213.
- step S207 the calculation unit 51 executes the above-described distance image acquisition operation to determine the distance representing the three-dimensional shape of the inspection range Ri.
- the image Id is acquired and stored in the storage unit 52 (step S208). Further, in step S209, the calculation unit 51 obtains the height of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 indicated by the distance image Id as the component height H7.
- the calculation unit 51 executes steps S210 and S211 using the image restoration circuit 511 shown in FIG. That is, the ⁇ acquisition unit 512 calculates the standard deviation ⁇ based on the lookup table T from the component height H7 acquired in step S209 (step S210). Then, the Wiener filter unit 513 performs Wiener filter processing on the two-dimensional image It using the point spread function approximated by a Gaussian function having the standard deviation ⁇ acquired by the ⁇ acquisition unit 512 (step S211). As a result, the image blur that had occurred on the top surface 71 of the component 7 in the two-dimensional image It is corrected, and a restored image Ir in which the letter C attached to the top surface 71 is made clear is generated. In step S212, the calculation unit 51 executes a character recognition process to recognize the character C based on the restored image Ir. Then, the process advances to step S213.
- the component height H7 (height information) indicating the height of the component 7 (inspection target) is acquired (steps S208, S209).
- the restoration process the image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image It due to the component height H7 is corrected using the component height H7 (step S211).
- the restoration process can be performed while accurately reflecting the component height H7. As a result, it is possible to reliably correct image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image It of the component 7, regardless of variations in the height of the component 7 provided on the substrate 6.
- the calculation unit 51 determines whether the restoration process (step S211) is necessary for the two-dimensional image It (step S207). Then, if it is determined that the restoration process is necessary ("NO” in step S207), the image restoration circuit 511 executes the restoration process on the two-dimensional image It (step S211), and the restoration process is determined to be unnecessary. If it is determined (“YES” in step S207), the restoration process is not performed on the two-dimensional image It. With such a configuration, it is possible to suppress unnecessary execution of the restoration process on the two-dimensional image It in which image blur does not occur.
- the calculation unit 51 executes a character recognition process that recognizes the character C (predetermined information) included in the component 7 based on the two-dimensional image It.
- the calculation unit 51 determines that the restoration process (step S211) is unnecessary if the character recognition process is successful ("YES” in step S207), and if the character recognition process fails (step S207), the calculation unit 51 determines that the restoration process (step S211) is unnecessary. In the case of "NO"), it is determined that the restoration process (step S211) is necessary. Therefore, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not restoration processing is necessary based on the results of character recognition processing trials.
- the visual inspection machine 1 corresponds to an example of the "board visual inspection apparatus" of the present invention
- the conveyor 2 corresponds to an example of the "substrate holding section” of the present invention
- the imaging camera 31 corresponds to an example of the "substrate holding section” of the present invention.
- the imaging camera 31, projector 32, calculation section 51, imaging control section 53, and projection control section 54 cooperate to form the "height information acquisition section" of the present invention.
- the calculation unit 51 functions as an example, and the calculation unit 51 corresponds to an example of the “restoration necessity determination unit” of the present invention, the calculation unit 51 corresponds to an example of the “recognition processing unit” of the invention, and the calculation unit 51 (especially The image restoration circuit 511) of the part 51 corresponds to an example of the "restoration processing part” of the present invention, the board 6 corresponds to an example of the "board” of the invention, and the component 7 corresponds to an example of the "inspection object” of the invention.
- the component height H7 corresponds to an example of the "height information" of the present invention
- the two-dimensional image It corresponds to an example of the "two-dimensional image” of the present invention
- the restored image Ir corresponds to the "height information” of the present invention.
- the lookup table T corresponds to an example of the "relationship regulation information” and the "lookup table” of the present invention
- the standard deviation ⁇ corresponds to an example of the "parameter” of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams schematically showing a modified example of the manner in which the component height is obtained. This modification is particularly suitable when the substrate 6 is warped as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the calculation unit 51 measures the heights of a plurality of reference points set with respect to the surface 61 of the board 6. Specifically, by executing the above distance image acquisition operation for each of the plurality of reference points, the actual measured distance of the reference point, which is the actual measured distance from the camera position L31 to the reference point, is obtained for each of the plurality of reference points. get. Then, the calculation unit 51 calculates the regression plane P by performing a regression analysis such as the method of least squares on the actually measured distances of each of the plurality of reference points.
- the calculation unit 51 sets the regression plane P (reference plane) indicating the position of the substrate 6.
- This regression plane P is expressed as a distance from the camera position L31 with respect to the camera position L31.
- the calculation unit 51 calculates the height HP7 of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 with respect to the regression plane P based on the actually measured distance D7 from the camera position L31 to the component 7, and also calculates the amount of deviation between the regression plane P and the focal position Lf. Calculate the offset F.
- the calculation unit 51 sets the focal position Lf as a reference based on the difference between the height HP7 of the upper surface 71 of the component 7 with respect to the regression plane P and the offset F which is the amount of deviation between the regression plane P and the focal position Lf. Obtain the component height H7.
- the calculation unit 51 sets the regression plane P (reference plane) indicating the position of the board 6, and calculates the height HP7 of the component 7 with respect to the regression plane P and the focal position Lf of the imaging camera 31.
- the component height H7 (height information) is obtained based on the offset F (reference offset) indicating the deviation between the curve and the regression plane P.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for measuring the correlation between the height of an imaging target and the size of image blur
- FIG. 10A is a side view schematically showing an example of the operation performed in the flowchart of FIG. It is. The flowchart in FIG. 9 is executed under the control of the calculation unit 51.
- step S301 the conveyor 2 carries the jig 9 into the visual inspection machine 1.
- the jig 9 has an imaging target plane 91, and is held by the conveyor 2 so that the imaging target plane 91 is horizontal.
- step S302 a variable M that counts the number of times of imaging is reset to zero, and in step S303, the variable M is incremented by one.
- the conveyor 2 positions the imaging target plane 91 of the jig 9 at the jig height H9 (M) by driving the jig 9 in the Z direction (step S304).
- the imaging camera 31 faces the imaging target plane 91 at the jig height H9 (M) from above.
- the imaging target plane 91 overlaps the imaging field of view V of the imaging camera 31.
- step 305 the calculation unit 51 acquires the two-dimensional image It of the imaging target plane 91 by executing the two-dimensional image capturing operation described above, and stores it in the storage unit 52. Further, in step S306, the calculation unit 51 estimates the standard deviation ⁇ indicating the magnitude of image blur that occurs in the two-dimensional image It of the imaging target plane 91. Then, the calculation unit 51 records the jig height H9(M) and the standard deviation ⁇ in association with each other in the storage unit 52 (step S307).
- step S308 the calculation unit 51 determines whether the variable M has reached the value Mx.
- the value Mx indicates the number of times the imaging target plane 91 of the jig 9 should be imaged, and is set in advance by, for example, an operator. If the variable M has not reached the value Mx (“NO” in step S308), the process returns to step S303. In this way, steps S303 to S307 are repeated Mx times.
- step S304 the conveyor 2 raises the jig 9 by the raising width ⁇ H.
- the jig height H9 and standard deviation ⁇ are acquired and recorded while changing the distance between the imaging camera 31 and the imaging target plane 91.
- the calculation unit 51 creates a look-up table T based on the recorded results of the jig height H9 and the standard deviation ⁇ , and stores it in the storage unit. 52 (step S309).
- the calculation unit 51 (calibration unit) creates a lookup table based on the results of multiple imaging operations performed by the imaging camera 31 while changing the height of the imaging target plane 91 (imaging target) of the imaging camera 31.
- Find T related regulation information.
- an appropriate lookup is performed based on the result of actually measuring the relationship between the magnitude of image blur (standard deviation ⁇ ) that occurs when the imaging camera 31 captures the imaging target plane 91 and the height H9 of the imaging target plane 91. Table T can be found.
- the distance between the imaging camera 31 and the imaging target plane 91 that overlaps the imaging field of view V is changed by raising the imaging target plane 91 (one measurement area) in the Z direction.
- the distance between the imaging camera 31 and the imaging target plane 91 that overlaps the imaging field of view V may be changed by lowering the imaging target plane 91 (one measurement area) in the Z direction.
- the distance between the imaging camera 31 and the imaging target plane 91 that overlaps the imaging field of view V may be changed by the method shown in FIG. 10B.
- FIG. 10B is a side view schematically showing another example of the operation performed in the flowchart of FIG. 9.
- the jig 9 shown in FIG. 10B has a plurality of imaging target planes 91 (measurement regions) arranged in the X direction (horizontal direction), and each of the imaging target planes 91 has a different height.
- the conveyor 2 moves the imaging target plane 91 (one measurement area) that overlaps the imaging field of view V of the imaging camera 31 to a plurality of imaging target planes 91. Change between. That is, the calculation unit 51 (calibration unit) changes one imaging target plane 91 to be selected as the imaging target of the imaging camera 31 among the plurality of imaging target planes 91 having different heights, so that the imaging camera 31, the height of the imaging target is changed.
- the standard deviation ⁇ is calculated from the component height H7 using the lookup table T showing the relationship between the component height H7 and the standard deviation ⁇ (steps S110 and S210).
- a calculation formula for calculating the standard deviation ⁇ from the component height H7 may be stored in the storage unit 52, and the standard deviation ⁇ may be calculated from the component height H7 using the calculation formula in steps S110 and S210.
- a calculation formula may be obtained instead of the lookup table T (step S309).
- the specific method for acquiring the distance image Id is not limited to the above-mentioned phase shift method, and the distance image Id may be acquired using a TOF (Time of Flight) or a stereo camera.
- TOF Time of Flight
- the focal position Lf is adjusted to the design value of the substrate support position L61, which is the position of the surface 61 of the substrate 6 supported at the inspection position.
- the manner in which the focal position Lf is set is not limited to this example, and the focal position Lf does not need to match the design value of the substrate support position L61.
- the filter Kw(u,v) that minimizes the error between the restored image and the original image is given by the following equation 2.
- This filter Kw(u,v) is a Wiener filter.
- Equation 3 Equation 3
- the point spread function is approximated by a Gaussian function.
- the point spread function may be approximated by a function other than the Gaussian function, for example, as in Patent Document 3, a function that shows asymmetric spread in consideration of aberrations of the optical system of the camera.
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Abstract
Description
2…搬送コンベア(基板保持部)
31…撮像カメラ(高さ情報取得部)
32…プロジェクタ(高さ情報取得部)
51…演算部(高さ情報取得部、復元要否判定部、認識処理部、復元処理部)
511…画像復元回路(復元処理部)
53…撮像制御部(高さ情報取得部)
54…投影制御部(高さ情報取得部)
6…基板
7…部品(検査対象)
H7…部品高さ(高さ情報)
It…二次元画像
Ir…復元画像
T…ルックアップテーブル(関係規定情報)
σ…標準偏差(パラメータ)
Claims (16)
- 基板を保持する基板保持部と、
前記基板に設けられた検査対象の二次元画像を撮像する撮像カメラと、
前記検査対象の高さを示す高さ情報を取得する高さ情報取得部と、
前記検査対象の高さに起因して前記二次元画像に発生する画像のぼけを、前記高さ情報を用いて修正して復元画像を取得する復元処理を実行する復元処理部と
を備えた基板外観検査装置。 - 前記復元処理部は、前記画像のぼけの大きさを示すパラメータを前記高さ情報に基づき求めて、前記パラメータに基づき前記画像のぼけを修正する演算を実行することで前記復元処理を実行する請求項1に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記パラメータは、点広がり関数であるガウス関数の標準偏差である請求項2に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記復元処理部は、前記高さ情報と前記パラメータとの関係を規定する関係規定情報を用いて、前記高さ情報に基づき前記パラメータを求める請求項2または3に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記関係規定情報は、前記高さ情報から前記パラメータを算出する計算式である請求項4に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記関係規定情報は、前記高さ情報と前記パラメータとの対応関係を示すルックアップテーブルである請求項4に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記撮像カメラの撮像対象の高さを変更しつつ前記撮像カメラにより複数回の撮像を行った結果に基づき、前記関係規定情報を求める較正部をさらに備える請求項4ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記較正部は、互いに異なる高さを有する複数の計測領域の間で、前記撮像対象として選択する一の計測領域を変更することで、前記撮像対象の高さを変更する請求項7に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記較正部は、前記撮像対象である一の計測領域を鉛直方向に移動させることで、前記撮像対象の高さを変更する請求項7に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記二次元画像に対する前記復元処理の要否を判定する復元要否判定部をさらに備え、
前記復元処理部は、前記復元要否判定部によって前記復元処理が必要と判定された場合に前記二次元画像に対して前記復元処理を実行し、前記復元要否判定部によって前記復元処理が不要と判定された場合には前記二次元画像に対して前記復元処理を実行しない請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項に記載の基板外観検査装置。 - 前記復元要否判定部は、前記高さ情報が示す前記検査対象の高さが所定範囲以内である場合には、前記復元処理は不要と判定し、前記高さ情報が示す前記検査対象の高さが所定範囲外である場合には、前記復元処理は必要と判定する請求項10に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記検査対象に含まれる所定情報を前記二次元画像に基づき認識する認識処理を実行する認識処理部をさらに備え、
前記復元要否判定部は、前記認識処理が成功した場合には、前記復元処理は不要と判定し、前記認識処理が失敗した場合には、前記復元処理は必要と判定する請求項11に記載の基板外観検査装置。 - 前記高さ情報取得部は、前記撮像カメラから前記検査対象までの距離と、前記撮像カメラの焦点の位置とに基づき、前記高さ情報を取得する請求項1ないし12のいずれか一項に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記高さ情報取得部は、前記基板の位置を示す基準平面を設定し、前記基準平面に対する前記検査対象の高さと、前記撮像カメラの焦点の位置と前記基準平面とのずれを示す基準オフセットとに基づき、前記高さ情報を取得する請求項1ないし12のいずれか一項に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 前記高さ情報取得部は、前記基板に対して複数の基準点を設定して、前記複数の基準点それぞれの高さに基づき前記基準平面を設定する請求項14に記載の基板外観検査装置。
- 基板に設けられた検査対象の二次元画像を撮像カメラによって撮像する工程と、
前記検査対象の高さを示す高さ情報を取得する工程と、
前記検査対象の高さに起因して前記二次元画像に発生する画像のぼけを、前記高さ情報を用いて修正して復元画像を取得する復元処理を実行する工程と
を備えた基板外観検査方法。
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JP2003196643A (ja) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-11 | Yamagata Casio Co Ltd | 画像処理方法及びそれを用いた部品搭載装置 |
JP2011180084A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd | 部品実装機の撮像画像処理装置 |
WO2021009884A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-01-21 | 株式会社Fuji | 検査装置および検査用画像の撮像方法 |
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JP2011180084A (ja) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-09-15 | Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd | 部品実装機の撮像画像処理装置 |
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