WO2023282091A1 - 調光部材、調光装置 - Google Patents
調光部材、調光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023282091A1 WO2023282091A1 PCT/JP2022/025319 JP2022025319W WO2023282091A1 WO 2023282091 A1 WO2023282091 A1 WO 2023282091A1 JP 2022025319 W JP2022025319 W JP 2022025319W WO 2023282091 A1 WO2023282091 A1 WO 2023282091A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- liquid crystal
- light control
- light
- crystal layer
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2405—Areas of differing opacity for light transmission control
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
Definitions
- the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to light control members and light control devices.
- a light control member that controls the transmission of external light, for example, by being attached to a window or being sandwiched between glass and attached to the window.
- a member using a guest-host liquid crystal has been proposed.
- the amount of transmitted light is controlled by changing the state in which the guest-host liquid crystal composition and the dichroic dye composition are randomly aligned and the so-called twisted state by controlling the electric field.
- this light control member is arranged on the window of a vehicle, the window of a building, or the like, it is desirable to apply a guest-host liquid crystal to the light control member if the color and viewing angle characteristics are important.
- a light control body is disclosed in which a transparent electrode is divided into a plurality of regions and the light control state of each region can be changed independently (Patent Document 1).
- regions regions with gaps between the electrodes may be visible.
- An object of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a light control member and a light control device in which the non-electrode regions are difficult to see.
- a first disclosed embodiment is a light modulating member (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E) capable of controlling transmittance, comprising a non-divided first common electrode (14, 25, 28); divided first electrodes (18, 24, 29) and a first liquid crystal layer disposed between said first common electrodes (14, 25, 28) and said first electrodes (18, 24, 29); (9), undivided second common electrodes (23, 26, 31), divided second electrodes (21, 27, 32), and the second common electrodes (23, 26, 31) a second liquid crystal layer (10) disposed between the second electrodes (21, 27, 32), and a first non-electrode line ( 181 to 186, 241 to 244, 291 to 294) and the second non-electrode lines (211 to 216, 271 to 274, 321 to 324) dividing the second electrodes (21, 27, 32) Light modulating members (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E) arranged at positions not overlapping with each other when viewed from the normal direction of the
- An embodiment of the second disclosure provides a first laminate (5A ), a second laminate (5B) having a second substrate (15), and a third laminate (5C) having a third substrate (20), wherein the first liquid crystal layer (9) is sandwiched between the first laminate (5A) and the third laminate (5C), and the second liquid crystal layer (10) is sandwiched between the second laminate (5B) and the third laminate (5C)
- the width of the first non-electrode lines (181-186, 241-244, 291-294) and the second non-electrode lines (211-216, 271-274, 321-324) is 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the first non-electrode lines (181 to 186, 241 to 244, 291 to 294) and the second non-electrode lines are arranged in the direction in which the divided first electrodes (18, 24, 29) are arranged.
- (211 to 216, 271 to 274, 321 to 324) are the layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer (9), the layer thickness of the third laminate (5C), and the second liquid crystal layer It is a light control member (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E) that is equal to or greater than the sum of the layer thicknesses of (10).
- An embodiment of the third disclosure is the first non-electrode wire ( 181 to 186, 241 to 244, 291 to 294) and the second non-electrode lines (211 to 216, 271 to 274, 321 to 324) have a width of 50 ⁇ m or less, and the divided first electrode (18 , 24, 29) are arranged, the first non-electrode lines (181-186, 241-244, 291-294) and the second non-electrode lines (211-216, 271-274, 321- 324) is less than half the shortest distance between the first non-electrode lines (181-186, 241-244, 291-294) (1A, 1B, 1C). , 1D, 1E).
- An embodiment of the fourth disclosure is the light control member (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E) in the light control member (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E) according to the embodiment of the first disclosure.
- When viewed from a direction having an angle of 45° or more with , 321 to 324) do not overlap with each other (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E).
- An embodiment of the fifth disclosure is the divided first electrodes (18, 24) in the light control member (1D) according to any one of the embodiments of the first disclosure to the fourth disclosure.
- 29) are arranged closest to the first non-electrode lines (181-186, 241-244, 291-294) and the second non-electrode lines (211-216, 271- 274, 321 to 324), the first non-electrode lines (181 to 186, 241 to 244, 291 to 294) is a light control member (1D) having two regions (A1, A2) which are arranged with a shift and are oriented in different directions.
- a sixth disclosed embodiment corresponds to the division of the first electrode (24) in the dimming member (1E) according to any one of the first disclosed embodiment to the fifth disclosed embodiment.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules (91) of the first liquid crystal layer (9) in the light-shielded state and the light-shielding direction of the liquid crystal molecules (101) of the second liquid crystal layer (10) The orientation direction in the state intersects when viewed from the normal direction of the light modulating member (1E), and the first liquid crystal layer (9) and the second liquid crystal layer (10) are aligned with the first electrode ( 24) and the second electrode (27).
- An embodiment of the seventh disclosure is the light control member (1E) according to the embodiment of the sixth disclosure, wherein the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules (91) of the first liquid crystal layer (9) in the light-shielding state;
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules (101) of the second liquid crystal layer (10) in the light shielding state is the light control member (1E) perpendicular to the normal direction of the light control member (1E).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 21; It is a figure explaining the drive device of the vehicle 40 and 1 A of light control films in which 1 A of light control films are arrange
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining how a position corresponding to a non-electrode line of a light control film 100 having a single liquid crystal layer, which is a comparative example, appears.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of a first non-electrode line 184 and a second non-electrode line 214;
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1B of a second embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1C of a third embodiment;
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the vicinity of a first non-electrode line 184 and a second non-electrode line 214;
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1B of a second embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1C of a third embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1D of a fourth embodiment; It is a diagram for explaining the reason why the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 do not overlap and have two regions A1 and A2 with different directions of displacement in the fourth embodiment. be.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1E of a fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the light control film 1E when no electric field is applied (light shielding state).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules 101 in a normally dark light control film 100B having a single liquid crystal layer 10 with an alignment layer 170B not divided.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules 101 in a normally dark light control film 100C including a single liquid crystal layer 10 in which an alignment layer 170 is divided.
- the light shielding characteristics of the light control film 1A-2, in which neither the first liquid crystal layer 9 nor the second liquid crystal layer 10 is arranged between the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27, will be explained when there is no electric field (light shielding state). It is a figure to do.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the light shielding characteristics of the film 1C-2 when no electric field is applied (light shielding state). Both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are arranged between the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27, and the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment blocks light in the absence of an electric field (light blocking state). It is a figure explaining a characteristic.
- each direction of the light control film 1A will be described based on coordinate axes X, Y, and Z orthogonal to each other.
- the light control film 1A is placed on the side windows 41A to 41D (hereinafter also simply referred to as "side windows") of the vehicle 40 (see FIG. 4) and the partition 45 inside the vehicle.
- the X direction and the Y direction are two directions which are parallel to the film surface of and perpendicular to each other.
- the horizontal direction in FIGS. 1 to 3 is the X (X1-X2) direction
- the direction of thickness is defined as the Z (Z1-Z2) direction.
- the Z1 side in the Z direction is arranged inside the vehicle and the Z2 side is outside the vehicle, and is applied to the interior partition 45.
- the Z1 side in the Z direction is the rear seat side of the vehicle, and the Z2 side is the front seat side of the vehicle.
- this direction may be changed.
- "direction" is also referred to as "side” as appropriate.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1A of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the light control film 1A viewed from the Z1 direction.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21.
- FIG. 3A is a plan view of the third stacked body 5C viewed from the Z1 direction for explaining the arrangement of the first electrodes 18.
- FIG. FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the arrangement of the second electrodes 21, and corresponds to a plan view of the third laminate 5C as seen from the Z1 direction, but the first electrodes 18 are omitted.
- the light control film 1A When the light control film 1A is arranged on the vehicle 40, the light control film 1A is manufactured so as to match the shape of the side windows 41A to 41D (see FIG. 4). Therefore, when the light control film 1A is applied to the vehicle 40, it may have a curved shape instead of a flat shape in a cross-sectional view, or may have various shapes in a plan view. An example in which the light control film 1A is rectangular (square) will be described for the sake of simplicity.
- planar view means, for example, when the light control film 1A is seen from Z1 direction (the normal direction of the light control film 1A). 2 and 3A and 3B, illustration of a liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, and the like is omitted.
- the light control film 1A controls the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in each of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 by applying a voltage to a first electrode 18 and a second electrode 21, which will be described later, to control the light transmittance.
- the first common electrode 14 is laminated on the Z2 side of the first substrate 6, and the orientation layer 13 is further laminated thereon (Z2 side).
- the second common electrode 23 is laminated on the Z1 side of the second substrate 15, and the orientation layer 17 is further laminated thereon (Z1 side).
- the third laminate 5C is a laminate arranged between the first laminate 5A and the second laminate 5B.
- the first electrode 18 and the orientation layer 19 are laminated on the Z1 side of the third substrate 20, and the second electrode 21 and the , and an alignment layer 22 are laminated.
- the first base material 6, the second base material 15, and the third base material 20 can all be made of the same material.
- various transparent resin films can be used. It is desirable to use a transparent resin film having a transmittance of 80% or more at .
- Materials for the transparent resin film include, for example, acetylcellulose-based resins such as triacetylcellulose (TAC), polyester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP).
- polystyrene, polymethylpentene, EVA and other polyolefin resins polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and other vinyl resins, acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, polysulfone (PEF), polyethersulfone (PES), polycarbonate ( PC), polysulfone, polyether (PE), polyetherketone (PEK), (meth)acrylonitrile, cycloolefin polymer (COP), cycloolefin copolymer and the like.
- Resins such as polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin polymer (COP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are particularly preferred.
- the first base material 6, the second base material 15, and the third base material 20 are all made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a thickness of 125 ⁇ m, for example. A transparent resin film can be applied.
- the first common electrode 14, the second common electrode 23, the first electrode 18, and the second electrode 21 are transparent conductive films.
- various transparent electrode materials that are applied to this type of transparent resin film can be applied, and an oxide-based transparent metal thin film having a total light transmittance of 50% or more can be used. . Examples include tin oxide, indium oxide, and zinc oxide.
- Tin oxide (SnO2)-based materials include Nesa (tin oxide SnO2), ATO (Antimony Tin Oxide), and fluorine-doped tin oxide.
- Indium oxide (In2O3)-based materials include indium oxide, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), and IZO (Indium Zic Oxide).
- Zinc oxide (ZnO) systems include zinc oxide, AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), and gallium-doped zinc oxide.
- all of the first common electrode 14, the second common electrode 23, the first electrode 18, and the second electrode 21 are formed of a transparent conductive film using ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). explain. Also, the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 are divided into a plurality of parts, which will be described later.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the alignment layer 13, the alignment layer 17, the alignment layer 19, and the alignment layer 22 are all formed of photo-alignment layers.
- Photo-alignment materials that can be applied to the photo-alignment layer can widely apply various materials to which the method of photo-alignment can be applied. can.
- a photodimerization type material is used.
- photodimerizable materials include cinnamate, coumarin, benzylidenephthalimidine, benzylideneacetophenone, diphenylacetylene, stilbazole, uracil, quinolinone, maleimide, and polymers having cinnamylideneacetic acid derivatives.
- a polymer containing either or both of cinnamate and coumarin is preferably used because of its good orientation control force.
- photodimerization type materials include, for example, JP-A-9-118717, JP-A-10-506420, JP-A-2003-505561 and WO2010/150748. compounds can be mentioned.
- the alignment layer may be produced by rubbing treatment, or the alignment layer may be produced by molding treatment to form a fine line-shaped concave-convex shape.
- the first liquid crystal layer 9 is sandwiched between the first laminate 5A and the third laminate 5C.
- the second liquid crystal layer 10 is sandwiched between the second laminate 5B and the third laminate 5C.
- a guest-host liquid crystal composition and a dichroic dye composition can be applied as the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10.
- a chiral agent By adding a chiral agent to the guest-host liquid crystal composition, when the liquid crystal molecules are horizontally aligned, the liquid crystal molecules may be aligned in a spiral shape in the thickness direction (Z direction) of the liquid crystal layer.
- the light control film 1A is composed of vertical alignment layers in which the alignment regulating force of the alignment layers 13, 19, 17, and 22 is set so that the alignment of the guest-host liquid crystal composition results in a light-shielding state when an electric field is applied.
- the light control film 1A is configured as a normally clear.
- Normally clear means a structure in which a transparent state is obtained when no electric field is applied, and a light-shielding state is obtained when an electric field is applied.
- it may be configured as normally dark so as to be in a transmissive state when an electric field is applied. Normally dark refers to a structure that is in a light-shielding state when no electric field is applied and in a transparent state when an electric field is applied.
- the guest-host liquid crystal composition is applied as the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 has been described. may be applied.
- the spacer 12 is a member provided to define the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- Various resin materials can be widely applied as the spacer 12 . Therefore, in the present embodiment, an example using spherical spacers (hereinafter also referred to as “bead spacers”) as the spacers 12 will be described, but the spacers 12 may be columnar spacers, for example.
- beads used for liquid crystal display devices, color filters, and the like can be applied.
- inorganic components such as glass, silica, and metal oxides (MgO, Al 2 O 3 ), and organic components such as acrylic resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, melamine resins, unsaturated polyester resins, Core particles obtained by suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, or emulsion polymerization of materials such as divinylbenzene copolymers, divinylbenzene-acrylic ester copolymers, diacryl phthalate copolymers, and allyl isocyanurate copolymers are used.
- Spherical, columnar, or cylindrical particles obtained by a polymerization method such as seed polymerization, porous bodies, hollow bodies, and the like can be used.
- the surface of the bead spacer may be subjected to surface treatment.
- the material for coating the surface is not particularly limited as long as there is no problem of immobilization on the bead surface or outflow of chemical substances into the liquid crystal material. Examples include polyethylene and ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. Coalescence, ethylene/acrylic acid ester copolymer, polymethyl (meth)acrylate polymer, SBS type styrene/butadiene block copolymer, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin and the like can be used.
- a sealing material 7 is arranged on the light control film 1A in a frame shape surrounding the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 in plan view.
- the first laminate 5A and the third laminate 5C are integrally held by the sealing material 7 to prevent leakage of the liquid crystal material.
- the second laminate 5B and the third laminate 5C are integrally held by the sealing material 7 to prevent leakage of the liquid crystal material.
- a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin or an acrylic resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like can be applied.
- a rectangular wave alternating voltage whose polarity is switched at a predetermined cycle is applied to the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21, and an electric field is generated in the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 by the alternating voltage. It is formed. This electric field also controls the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules provided in the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10, thereby controlling the transmitted light.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle 40 on which the light control film 1A is arranged and a driving device for the light control film 1A.
- FIG. 4 shows the entire vehicle when the vehicle 40 is viewed from the side.
- the light control film 1A of the present embodiment is arranged on substantially the entire surfaces of the front side windows 41A, the rear side windows 41B, the front side windows 41C, and the rear side windows 41D of the vehicle (vehicle) 40, respectively. Only the positions of the front seat side window 41C and the rear seat side window 41D are indicated by arrows. Since the light control film 1A of the present embodiment has flexibility, it can be arranged on a curved side window or the like. Further, the light control film 1A is also arranged on an in-vehicle partition 45 arranged between the vehicle front seat and the vehicle rear seat.
- the light control film 1A is configured to be able to individually supply power for driving each of the side windows 41A to 41D and the partition 45 inside the vehicle. Therefore, the side windows 41A to 41D and the interior partition 45 can individually control the transmittance. That is, by arranging the light control film 1A on the side windows 41A to 41D and the vehicle interior partition 45, the side windows 41A to 41D and the vehicle interior partition 45 allow external light to pass therethrough as necessary. In addition, it is possible to block external light entering the vehicle interior, and to limit the field of view between the front and rear seats of the vehicle.
- the vehicle 40 includes an operation information acquisition section 42, a power supply section 43, and a drive control section 44 as driving devices for the above-described side windows 41A to 41D and the light control film 1A arranged on the partition 45 inside the vehicle.
- the operation information acquisition unit 42 adjusts the amount of external light incident from the side windows 41A to 41D by the driver, passenger seat, rear seat, etc. (hereinafter also referred to as "driver, etc.”). It is a device that is operated when the device is operated, and is configured by, for example, a touch panel. A driver or the like can operate a touch panel provided on the door side or the like to simultaneously or individually adjust the amount of external light incident from the side windows 41A to 41D. Similarly, the driver or the like can operate a touch panel provided on the door side or the like to adjust transmission and light shielding of the partition 45 inside the vehicle.
- the power supply unit 43 is a power supply device that supplies power to the drive control unit 44 .
- the drive control unit 44 is a device that controls the AC voltage applied to the light control film 1A using power supplied from the power supply unit 43, thereby controlling the transmittance of the light control film 1A.
- the side windows 41A to 41D and the interior partition 45 block external light to make it difficult to see the inside of the vehicle from outside the vehicle, or transmit outside light to make it easier to see the outside of the vehicle from inside the vehicle. It is possible to limit the field of view between the vehicle front seats and the vehicle rear seats.
- the drive control unit 44 includes a drive circuit that applies a rectangular wave AC voltage to the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 of the light control film 1A, and a processor unit that controls the operation of this drive circuit.
- a processor unit is a control device that includes a processor, ROM, RAM, and the like.
- a processor CPU
- CPU reads and executes a control program for the light control film 1A stored in the ROM, thereby controlling the operation of the drive circuit described above.
- the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 are divided into multiple parts.
- the first electrode 18 is divided into a plurality of electrically isolated partial electrodes 18A-18E.
- the first electrodes 18 are divided along the X direction and formed into striped electrode patterns extending along the Y direction.
- the second electrode 21 is divided into a plurality of electrically insulated partial electrodes 21A to 21E.
- the second electrodes 21 are also divided along the X direction and formed into striped electrode patterns extending along the Y direction.
- partial electrodes 18A to 18E and partial electrodes 21A to 21E are formed on both sides of one third laminate 5C.
- the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 are each divided into five, but the number of divisions of the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 is not limited to five. .
- the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 of this embodiment are each divided into a plurality of partial electrodes.
- Such partial electrodes can be formed, for example, by forming a transparent conductive film on the entire surface of the substrate and then patterning the transparent conductive film according to the respective electrode patterns.
- the alignment layers 19 and 22 are formed on the entire surface of the patterned transparent conductive film.
- the transparent conductive film and the orientation layer may be formed on the entire surface of the base material in this order, and then patterning may be performed on the transparent conductive film in unnecessary portions together with the orientation layer.
- the same control is performed on both of the partial electrodes at opposing positions when the transmission state or the light blocking state is set.
- the position of the partial electrode 18A is set to the transparent state
- the position of the partial electrode 18E is set to the light shielding state
- the position of the partial electrode 18E is set to the light shielding state
- the first electrode 18 and the second electrode 21 are divided into a plurality of electrodes as described above. There is a gap portion (non-electrode region) where the film) is not formed.
- first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 dividing the first electrode 18 are provided as non-electrode regions between the partial electrodes 18A to 18E.
- Second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 dividing the second electrode 21 are provided as non-electrode regions between the partial electrodes 21A to 21E.
- first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are arranged at positions that do not overlap each other when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A.
- the first non-electrode lines 181 in FIG. 1 are arranged to be shifted in the X2 direction from the second non-electrode lines 211, for example, the direction in which the divided first electrodes 18 are arranged.
- the shortest distance S1 between the first non-electrode wire 184 and the second non-electrode wire 214 is 1 mm.
- the other first non-electrode lines 182 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 212 to 214 are similarly shifted.
- the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are 50 ⁇ m or less. They are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the optical film 1A. The reason for this will be described later.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a usage example of the light control film 1A.
- the light control film 1A to be placed in the vehicle 40 is manufactured so as to match the shape of the window.
- the "slanted" portion indicates the portion of the light control film 1A where outside light is blocked.
- a "white” portion indicates a portion through which external light is transmitted in the light control film 1A.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows regions where light is shielded and transmitted by the partial electrodes. The example shown in FIG. 5 illustrates a state in which the light blocking and transmission of the light control film 1A are changed in the horizontal direction.
- the light control film 1A can also control the transmittance for each region corresponding to the partial electrodes 18A to 18E of the first laminate 5A, and can also control the transmittance for each region corresponding to the partial electrodes 21A to 21E of the second laminate 5B. Transmittance can also be controlled.
- the light control film 1A becomes transparent in order from the X1 side to the X2 side in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 5 shows how the light control film 1A changes from the light shielding state to the light transmitting state up to the regions corresponding to the partial electrodes 18A, 18B, 21A and 21B.
- the light blocking state is changed to the transmissive state, but the change from the transmissive state to the light blocking state can also be continuously performed in the lateral direction.
- the light control film 1A can control the blocking and transmission of external light in the horizontal direction like opening and closing a curtain. Therefore, for example, when the passenger wants to see the outside scenery only a little, by sequentially changing the light blocking state and the transmission state of the light control film 1A along the lateral direction as described above, only the necessary range can be seen. External light can be transmitted. Further, by rotating the direction in which the light control film 1A is arranged in the XY plane by 90°, it is possible to control the transmittance for each region in the vertical direction.
- Controlling the transmissive state and the light-shielding state for each region as described above can be realized even with a single liquid crystal layer if the electrodes are divided and arranged.
- a single liquid crystal layer there is a problem that non-electrode lines existing between the divided electrodes are observed. Therefore, in the light control film 1A of the present embodiment, the non-electrode lines are not observed by providing two liquid crystal layers. This point will be described below.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining how the positions corresponding to the non-electrode lines of the light control film 100 having a single liquid crystal layer, which is a comparative example, appear.
- 6(A) shows a cross section similar to that of FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 6(B) shows the state of FIG. 6(A) viewed from the Z1 side.
- 6(A) and 6(B) the portion in the transparent state is shown in white, the portion in the light-shielding state is shown in black, and the transmittance is between the region in which an electric field is applied and the region in which no electric field is applied.
- the light control film 100 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to a form having only the configuration from the first base material 6 to the third base material 20 in the light control film 1A of the first embodiment, and has a single liquid crystal. layer (first liquid crystal layer 9 only). Even in this case, similarly to the light control film 1A of the first embodiment, it is possible to arbitrarily switch between the transmission state and the light blocking state depending on the position.
- FIG. 6 as in the case of FIG.
- the first liquid crystal layer 9 facing the two partial electrodes 18A and 18B on the X1 side is set to the transmissive state, and the three partial electrodes 18C, 18D, 18C and 18D on the X2 side.
- An example is shown in which the first liquid crystal layer 9 facing 18E is in a light shielding state.
- the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled by the orientation layers 13 and 19 at positions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 as well as the positions corresponding to the partial electrodes 18A to 18E. liquid crystal molecules are aligned.
- the positions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 are affected by the electric field of the partial electrodes 18A to 18E to some extent, a sufficient electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal molecules. Orientation cannot be properly controlled.
- the light-shielded regions regions corresponding to the partial electrodes 18C, 18D, and 18E and between them
- the area not facing the partial electrodes 18C, 18D, and 18E that is, the area facing the first non-electrode line 183 between the partial electrodes 18C and 18D, and the area between the partial electrodes 18D and 18E.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in the region facing the first non-electrode line 184 between the electrodes cannot be controlled.
- FIG. 6 is a normally clear liquid crystal, which is in a transparent state when no electric field is applied, and is in a light-shielding state when an electric field is applied. Therefore, the positions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 are in a semi-transmissive state in the vicinity of the light-shielded region. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6B, long and thin semi-transmissive regions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 183 and 184 are observed in the light-shielded region, which should be entirely light-shielded. .
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining how the positions corresponding to the non-electrode lines of the light control film 1A of the first embodiment are seen.
- 7(A) shows a cross section similar to that of FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 7(B) shows the state of FIG. 7(A) viewed from the Z1 side.
- FIG. 7A the transmission and light blocking states depending on the positions of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are shown together, and spacers are omitted.
- the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 corresponding to these positions are in a transmissive state.
- the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 corresponding to these positions are in a light shielding state.
- the positions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 are in a transparent state in the vicinity of the area in the no electric field state. However, in the vicinity of the region where the electric field is applied, it becomes semi-transmissive.
- the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A. That is, the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 overlap any of the partial electrodes 21A to 21E when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A.
- the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 overlap any of the partial electrodes 18A to 18E when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A. Therefore, in the light-shielded region, the positions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 or the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 overlap with the other light-shielded liquid crystal layer.
- the transmittance becomes low, the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 become inconspicuous, and the state of transmittance becomes almost indistinguishable from the light blocking state. In the example of FIG.
- the first non-electrode lines 182, 183, and 184 overlap the partial electrodes 21C, 21D, and 21E, respectively, in the normal direction. 184 and the light shielding region of the second liquid crystal layer 10 are observed to overlap. Therefore, the first non-electrode lines 182, 183, and 184 are in a transmittance state that is almost indistinguishable from the light blocking state.
- the second non-electrode lines 213 and 214 respectively overlap the partial electrodes 18C and 18D in the normal direction, the second non-electrode lines 213 and 214 and the light shielding region of the first liquid crystal layer 9 are They are superimposed and observed, resulting in a transmittance state that is almost indistinguishable from the light shielding state.
- the width G1 of the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the width G2 of the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 make it difficult for the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 to be visually recognized. It was previously explained that the thickness is desirably 50 ⁇ m or less in order to When the widths G1 and G2 exceed 50 ⁇ m, the influence of the electric field from the adjacent first electrode 18 or second electrode 21 is further reduced in the electric field applied state.
- the width G1 of the first non-electrode lines 181-184 and the width G2 of the second non-electrode lines 211-214 are preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the vicinity of the first non-electrode wire 184 and the second non-electrode wire 214. As shown in FIG. 8, when both the first non-electrode line 184 and the second non-electrode line 214 are in a light-shielded state, both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are in a light-shielded state. A line of sight L0 passing through the area is set.
- This line of sight L0 passes through the corner portion on the Z1 side of the liquid crystal layer 9 corresponding to the end of the first non-electrode line 184 on the X1 side, and extends along the Z2 side of the liquid crystal layer 10 corresponding to the end on the X2 side of the second non-electrode line 214. It is a line of sight passing through the corner of the side. When observed from an angle ⁇ smaller than the line of sight L0, the semi-transparent region (region indicated by dots in FIG. A passing line of sight exists.
- the angle ⁇ is set as the minimum angle for observing the light control film 1A, when observing at the angle ⁇ or more, there is no line of sight passing through the semi-transmissive region twice, and the first non-electrode line 184 and the first non-electrode line 184 and A region corresponding to the second non-electrode line 214 can be made inconspicuous.
- the layer thickness of the first liquid crystal layer 9 is t1
- the layer thickness of the second liquid crystal layer 10 is t2
- the layer thickness of the third laminate 5C is t3
- the angle between the line of sight L0 and the light control film 1A is ⁇
- the relationship between the shortest distance S1 between the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 in the direction in which the divided first electrodes 18A to 18E are arranged is as follows.
- tan ⁇ (t1+t2+t3)/S1 Expression (1)
- the light control film 1A should be such that the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 do not overlap when viewed from a direction forming an angle of 45° or more with the light control film 1A. is desirable.
- t1 12 ⁇ m
- t2 12 ⁇ m
- t3 188 ⁇ m. Therefore, if S1 ⁇ 212 ⁇ m, the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 should not overlap when viewed from a direction with an angle of 45° or more with respect to the light control film 1A. Therefore, the areas corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 can be made inconspicuous.
- the shortest distance S1 is preferably 1/2 or less of the shortest distance between the first non-electrode lines 181-184. This is because if the distance is out of the above range, the next first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 arranged side by side become close to each other.
- the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A. , has the effect of preventing moire. If the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 respectively overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A, moiré may be observed. . More specifically, the third laminate 5C is provided between the first non-electrode lines 181-184 and the second non-electrode lines 211-214.
- the first non-electrode lines 181-184 and the second non-electrode lines 211-214 are separated from each other. Therefore, when observed from a position close to the normal direction of the light control film 1A, the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are observed with a very slight shift due to parallax. Therefore, moire may be observed.
- the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A. By arranging the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214, moiré can be prevented from being observed.
- the first non-electrode wires 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode wires 211 to 214 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1A. . Therefore, no transmissive regions (non-electrode regions) corresponding to either the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 or the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214 are observed in the light shielding region, and the light control member of higher quality is provided. can be provided.
- the light control film 1A of the first embodiment controls blocking and transmission of external light in the horizontal direction like opening and closing a curtain, and controls blocking and transmission of external light in the vertical direction like opening and closing a blind.
- the light control film 1A of the first embodiment can selectively control blocking and transmission of external light. Therefore, the light control film 1A of the first embodiment can shield or transmit external light in various forms. Further, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent moiré from being observed due to the first non-electrode lines 181 to 184 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 214. FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the light control film 1B of the second embodiment.
- the light control film 1B of the second embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in the positions where the first electrode 24, the second electrode 27, the first common electrode 25, and the second common electrode 26 are laminated.
- Other configurations of the light control film 1B of the second embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Therefore, in FIG. 9, only the cross-sectional view showing the characteristic configuration of the second embodiment is illustrated, and other illustrations are omitted.
- members and the like that perform the same functions as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.
- the laminates are denoted by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment, except for some configurations.
- the light control film 1B of the second embodiment includes a first laminate 5A, a second laminate 5B, a third laminate 5C, a first liquid crystal layer 9, and a second liquid crystal layer .
- the first electrode 24 is laminated on the Z2 side of the first substrate 6, and the orientation layer 13 is further laminated thereon (Z2 side).
- the first electrode 24 is divided into a plurality of electrically insulated partial electrodes 24A to 24E, like the first electrode 18 of the first embodiment.
- the partial electrodes 24A to 24E are the same as the partial electrodes 18A to 18E of the first embodiment, except that the stacked positions are different.
- the orientation layer 17 is laminated on the Z1 side of the second substrate 15, the second electrode 27, and further thereon (Z1 side).
- the second electrode 27 is divided into a plurality of electrically insulated partial electrodes 27A to 27E, like the second electrode 21 of the first embodiment.
- the partial electrodes 27A to 27E are the same as the partial electrodes 21A to 21E of the first embodiment, except that the stacked positions are different.
- the third laminate 5C includes a first common electrode 25 and an alignment layer 19 on the Z1 side of the third substrate 20, and a second common electrode 26 and an alignment layer 19 on the Z2 side of the third substrate 20. a layer 22;
- the first common electrode 25 is a transparent conductive film formed on the entire Z1 side of the third substrate 20 .
- the second common electrode 26 is a transparent conductive film formed on the entire Z2 side of the third substrate 20 .
- the first common electrode 25 and the second common electrode 26 are the same as the first common electrode 14 and the second common electrode 23 of the first embodiment, respectively, except that they are stacked in different positions.
- the first non-electrode wires 241 to 244 and The second non-electrode lines 271 to 274 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1B.
- the first non-electrode wires 241 to 244 and the second non-electrode wires 271 to 274 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1B. . Therefore, no transmissive regions (non-electrode regions) corresponding to either the first non-electrode lines 241 to 244 or the second non-electrode lines 271 to 274 are observed in the light shielding region, and the light control member is of higher quality. can be provided.
- the light control film 1B of the second embodiment controls blocking and transmission of external light in the horizontal direction like opening and closing a curtain, and controls blocking and transmission of external light in the vertical direction like opening and closing a blind.
- the light control film 1B of the second embodiment can selectively control blocking and transmission of external light. Therefore, the light control film 1B of the second embodiment can block external light in various forms and transmit the external light. Also in the second embodiment, it is possible to prevent moire from being observed, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1C of the third embodiment.
- the light control film 1C of the third embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in the positions where the first electrode 29, the second electrode 32, the first common electrode 28, and the second common electrode 31 are laminated.
- Other configurations of the light control film 1C of the third embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Therefore, in FIG. 10, only the cross-sectional view showing the characteristic configuration of the third embodiment is illustrated, and other illustrations are omitted.
- members and the like that perform the same functions as in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.
- the same reference numerals as those in the first and second embodiments are given to the laminates, except for some configurations.
- a light control film 1 ⁇ /b>C of the third embodiment includes a first laminate 5 ⁇ /b>A, a second laminate 5 ⁇ /b>B, a third laminate 5 ⁇ /b>C, a first liquid crystal layer 9 , and a second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- the first laminate 5A the first common electrode 28 is laminated on the Z2 side of the first substrate 6, and the orientation layer 13 is further laminated thereon (Z2 side).
- the first common electrode 28 is a transparent conductive film formed on the entire surface of the first substrate 6 .
- the first common electrode 28 is the same as the first common electrode 14 of the first embodiment.
- the second electrode 32 is laminated on the Z1 side of the second substrate 15, and the orientation layer 17 is further laminated thereon (Z1 side).
- the second electrode 32 is divided into a plurality of electrically insulated partial electrodes 32A to 32E, like the second electrode 21 of the first embodiment.
- the partial electrodes 32A to 32E are the same as the partial electrodes 21A to 21E of the first embodiment, except that the stacking positions are different.
- the third laminate 5C includes a first electrode 29 and an orientation layer 19 on the Z1 side of the third base material 20 .
- the first electrode 29 is divided into a plurality of electrically insulated partial electrodes 29A to 29E, like the first electrode 18 of the first embodiment.
- the partial electrodes 29A-29E are similar to the partial electrodes 18A-18E of the first embodiment.
- the third laminate 5C includes a second common electrode 31 and an orientation layer 22 on the Z2 side of the third substrate 20 .
- the second common electrode 31 is a transparent conductive film formed on the entire Z2 side of the third substrate 20 .
- the second common electrode 31 is the same as the second common electrode 23 of the first embodiment, except that the stacking position is different.
- the first non-electrode wires 291-294 and The second non-electrode lines 321 to 324 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1C.
- the first non-electrode wires 291 to 294 and the second non-electrode wires 321 to 324 are arranged so as not to overlap when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1C. . Therefore, no transmissive regions (non-electrode regions) corresponding to any of the first non-electrode lines 291 to 294 or the second non-electrode lines 321 to 324 are observed in the light shielding region, and a higher quality light control member is obtained. can be provided.
- the light control film 1C of the third embodiment controls blocking and transmission of external light in the horizontal direction like opening and closing a curtain, and controls blocking and transmission of external light in the vertical direction like opening and closing a blind.
- the light control film 1C of the third embodiment can selectively control blocking and transmission of external light. Therefore, the light control film 1 ⁇ /b>C of the third embodiment can block external light in various forms and transmit the external light. Also in the third embodiment, it is possible to prevent moire from being observed, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment.
- the light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment differs from that of the first embodiment in the arrangement pattern (divided pattern) of the divided partial electrodes.
- Other configurations of the light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment. Therefore, in FIG. 11, only a cross-sectional view showing the characteristic configuration of the fourth embodiment is illustrated, and other illustrations are omitted.
- members and the like that perform the same functions as in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.
- the first electrode 18 is divided into seven partial electrodes 18A to 18G. Lines 181-186 are provided.
- the second electrode 21 is divided into seven partial electrodes 21A to 21G, and second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 for dividing the second electrode 21 are provided between the partial electrodes 21A to 21G.
- the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 do not overlap and have two regions A1 and A2 in which the directions are different.
- the first non-electrode lines 181, 182, 183 are arranged with the second non-electrode lines 211, 212, 213 as a reference, respectively, shifted toward the X1 side.
- the first non-electrode lines 184, 185 and 186 are arranged shifted to the X2 side with respect to the second non-electrode lines 214, 215 and 216, respectively.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the reason why the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 do not overlap and have two regions A1 and A2 with different directions of displacement in the fourth embodiment. It is a figure explaining.
- FIG. 12 it is assumed that both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are in a light blocking state.
- illustration of the sealing material 7, the spacer 12, the alignment layer 13, the alignment layer 17, the alignment layer 19, the alignment layer 22, the first common electrode 14, the second common electrode 23, etc. is omitted.
- the observation position O is on the normal line N passing through the middle position of the light control film 1D in the X direction.
- the boundary between the area A1 and the area A2 is the normal line N passing through the middle position of the light control film 1D in the X direction.
- the first non-electrode lines 181, 182, 183 are arranged with the second non-electrode lines 211, 212, 213 as a reference, respectively, shifted toward the X1 side. Therefore, when the light control film 1D is observed from the observation position O, in the area A1, the oblique lines of sight L1, L2, and L3 passing through the first non-electrode lines 181, 182, and 183 are the second non-electrode lines 211, 212, It does not pass through 213 and is blocked by the light-blocked region of the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- the first non-electrode lines 184, 185, 186 are arranged with the second non-electrode lines 214, 215, 216 as a reference, respectively, shifted toward the X2 side. Therefore, when the light control film 1D is observed from the observation position O, in the area A2 as well as in the area A1, the oblique lines of sight L4, L5, and L6 passing through the first non-electrode lines 184, 185, and 186 are the second non-electrode lines. It does not pass through the electrode lines 214 , 215 , 216 and is blocked by the light-shielded regions of the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 are arranged in a direction that makes it difficult for the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 to overlap on the line of sight assumed from the specific observation position O. Relative positions with the electrode wires 211 to 216 are set. Therefore, as described above, there are two areas A1 and A2 in which the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 do not overlap and are shifted in different directions.
- preferable arrangement of the non-electrode wires is as follows.
- a preferable arrangement of the non-electrode wires is such that the non-electrode wires (first non-electrode wires 181 to 186 in FIG. 12) closer to the observation position O are arranged farther from the observation position O ( , the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216) are shifted farther from the normal line N drawn from the observation position O to the light control film 1D.
- the line of sight L100 passing through the second non-electrode line 212 after passing through the first non-electrode line 182 is not blocked by the light-shielded region of the second liquid crystal layer 10 . Therefore, for a line of sight such as the line of sight L100, elongated transmissive regions corresponding to the first non-electrode lines 182 and the second non-electrode lines 212 are observed even in the light-shielded region.
- the line of sight observed through the first non-electrode line and the second non-electrode line like this L100 is not limited to the fourth embodiment, and is not limited to the above-described first to third embodiments. may exist.
- the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 are provided with the two regions A1 and A2 in which the directions of deviation are different.
- FIG. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a transmissive region from being observed in the light shielding region on the entire surface of the light control film 1D.
- FIG. 4 when the light control film 1D is used in the vehicle 40, it is possible to substantially specify the position where the person gets in the vehicle.
- the light control film 1D has two regions A1 and A2 in which the first non-electrode lines 181 to 186 and the second non-electrode lines 211 to 216 do not overlap and are shifted in different directions. have.
- the light control film 1D can effectively prevent a phenomenon in which the region in the transmissive state is also observed in the light shielding region from the vicinity of the observation position O. Therefore, the light control film 1D can be suitably used for the vehicle 40.
- the light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment controls blocking and transmission of external light in the horizontal direction like opening and closing curtains, and controls blocking and transmission of external light in the vertical direction like opening and closing blinds.
- the light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment can selectively control blocking and transmission of external light. Therefore, the light control film 1D of the fourth embodiment can shield or transmit external light in various forms. Also in the fourth embodiment, it is possible to prevent moire from being observed, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment.
- the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment differs from the alignment layers of the second embodiment in the forms of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 and the forms of the alignment layers (130, 190, 220, 170). are the same as those of the light control film 1B of the second embodiment. Therefore, in the description and drawings of the fifth embodiment, members and the like that perform the same functions as those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.
- the orientation layer 130 and the orientation layer 170 are separated at the same positions as the first non-electrode lines 241 to 244 and the second non-electrode lines 271 to 274, respectively. This is different from the light control film 1B of the second embodiment.
- the alignment layer (orientation layer on the first electrode) 130 is divided corresponding to the division of the first electrode 24 and stacked on the first electrode 24 .
- the alignment layer (orientation layer on the second electrode) 170 is divided corresponding to the division of the second electrode 27 and laminated on the second electrode 27 .
- the alignment layer 130 and the alignment layer 170 By configuring the alignment layer 130 and the alignment layer 170 in a split configuration, the alignment layer 130 and the alignment layer 170 together with the alignment layer 130 and the alignment layer 170 can be stacked on the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27, respectively.
- the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27 can be cut and divided.
- the alignment layer 130, the alignment layer 190, the alignment layer 220, and the alignment layer 170 of the fifth embodiment are all imparted with alignment characteristics by being rubbed.
- the alignment layer 130, the alignment layer 190, the alignment layer 220, and the alignment layer 170 are not limited to the rubbing process, and the alignment layers may be formed by forming fine linear irregularities, or by photo-alignment. An alignment layer may be produced.
- the alignment layer 130, the alignment layer 190, the alignment layer 220, and the alignment layer 170 align the liquid crystal molecules of each liquid crystal layer so that the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are normally dark. It has an orientation characteristic for orientation. That is, the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are oriented by each alignment layer so that the liquid crystal molecules are in a light shielding state when no electric field is applied and are in a transparent state when an electric field is applied. Specifically, the liquid crystal molecules of the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are oriented in a direction substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer when no electric field is applied. Both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 of the fifth embodiment are guest-host liquid crystal layers containing a dichroic dye.
- FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the light control film 1E when there is no electric field (light shielding state).
- spacers are omitted, and liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are represented by elliptical shapes.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in the light-shielded state and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 101 of the second liquid crystal layer 10 in the light-shielded state correspond to the normal direction of the light control film 1E. They intersect when viewed from (the Z-axis direction).
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in the light shielded state is aligned along the X-axis direction
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 101 in the second liquid crystal layer 10 in the light shielded state is the Y axis direction. oriented in the direction along the
- the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in the light shielded state and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 101 of the second liquid crystal layer 10 in the light shielded state intersect when viewed from the normal direction of the light control film 1E.
- the light blocking property of the light control film 1E in which the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are laminated can be enhanced.
- the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are oriented in predetermined directions, respectively, so that each of them gives the same effect to light as a polarizing plate. Therefore, the light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 9 is polarized in one direction, and the light cannot substantially pass through the second liquid crystal layer 10 having crossed polarization directions. Therefore, the light control film 1E of this embodiment has good light shielding properties.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 91 of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in the light shielded state and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 101 of the second liquid crystal layer 10 in the light shielded state are the normal direction (Z-axis direction) of the light control film 1E.
- first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 of the fifth embodiment are arranged between the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27 .
- This arrangement is similar to that of the second embodiment, but is more important in the fifth embodiment. This is because the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are configured as normally dark, the alignment layers 130 and 170 are divided, and the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are in a light blocking state. It has a great deal to do with crossing the orientations oriented in . This point will be described in more detail below.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules 101 in a normally dark light control film 100B having a single liquid crystal layer 10 with an alignment layer 170B not divided.
- FIG. 15A shows the state when no electric field is applied (light shielding state)
- FIG. 15B shows the state when an electric field is applied (transmissive state). Note that spacers are omitted in FIG. 15, and the liquid crystal molecules 101 are represented by elliptical shapes.
- the alignment layer 170B in FIG. 15 is connected without being cut at the portion overlapping with the second non-electrode line 271 .
- Other parts of the light control film 100B shown in FIG. 15 are the same as those of the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment from the third substrate 20 to the Z2 side.
- the liquid crystal molecules 101 are spread over the entire liquid crystal layer 10 by the alignment force of the alignment layer 170B and the alignment layer 220 in the absence of an electric field (light shielding state). in the direction substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
- the alignment layer 170B is not divided, as shown in FIG. 15B, when an electric field is applied (in a transparent state), the liquid crystal molecules 101 extend substantially along the Z-axis direction in the range overlapping the second electrode 27. oriented in the same direction. However, in the range where the second electrode 27 overlaps the cut second non-electrode line 271, the liquid crystal molecules 101 cannot be sufficiently affected by the electric field, and the alignment state is disturbed.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules 101 in a normally dark light control film 100C including a single liquid crystal layer 10 in which an alignment layer 170 is divided.
- FIG. 16A shows the state when no electric field is applied (light shielding state)
- FIG. 16B shows the state when an electric field is applied (transmissive state). Note that spacers are omitted in FIG. 16, and the liquid crystal molecules 101 are represented by elliptical shapes.
- a light control film 100C shown in FIG. 16 has the same configuration as that of the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment from the third substrate 20 to the Z2 side. Since the alignment layer 170 is divided, as shown in FIG.
- the second non-electrode line 271 is within a range that does not overlap the alignment layer 170 and is close to the second non-electrode line 271 . In the range, the orientation force of the orientation layer 170 cannot be sufficiently received, and the orientation state is disturbed. Further, when the alignment layer 170 is divided, as shown in FIG. 16B, when an electric field is applied (transmission state), the liquid crystal molecules 101 are aligned substantially along the Z-axis direction in the range overlapping the second electrode 27. oriented in the same direction.
- the liquid crystal molecules 101 cannot be sufficiently affected by the electric field, and the alignment state is disturbed.
- the alignment layer is divided and there is a break, the alignment state is disturbed in the range near the second non-electrode line 271 even in the absence of an electric field (light shielding state). Therefore, in this range, the problem is that the light shielding properties are lower than in other ranges.
- FIG. 17 shows the light control film 1A-2 in which neither the first liquid crystal layer 9 nor the second liquid crystal layer 10 is arranged between the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27 when there is no electric field (light shielding state). It is a figure explaining a light-shielding characteristic. Note that spacers are omitted in FIG. 17, and the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are represented by elliptical shapes. Also, FIG. 17 shows whether or not the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are properly aligned, but the crossing orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 is a two-dimensional drawing. It is not possible to express because of the fact that The alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 in FIG. 17 are the same as the alignment states described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 17 shows light rays LA1, LA2, and LA3 incident on the light control film 1A-2.
- the light ray LA1 passes through portions of both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 where the respective liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are aligned in an appropriate direction (a direction substantially orthogonal to the Z-axis direction). do. Therefore, the light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 9 is polarized in one direction, and is substantially blocked when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- the light beam LA2 is polarized in one direction immediately after entering the first liquid crystal layer 9, but passes through a portion of the liquid crystal molecules 91 in which the alignment state is disordered before exiting the first liquid crystal layer 9. Therefore, the light beam LA2 is polarized. state is disturbed.
- the amount of polarized light that can pass through the second liquid crystal layer 10 increases. More light is transmitted than the light ray LA1, and the light leaks, so the first non-electrode line 182 may be slightly visible.
- the light beam LA3 passes through a portion of the first liquid crystal layer 9 where the liquid crystal molecules 91 are oriented in an appropriate direction (a direction substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis direction), so that the polarization state is arranged in one direction. However, since the light passes through the portion where the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 101 is disturbed immediately after entering the second liquid crystal layer 10, the polarization state is disturbed.
- the light control film 1A-2 shown in FIG. 17 can block the light ray LA1, but the light ray LA2 and the light ray LA3 may be faintly seen, and it can be said that the light blocking property is poor.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the light-shielding characteristics of the light control film 1C-2 when no electric field is applied (light-shielding state). Note that spacers are omitted in FIG. 18, and the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are represented by elliptical shapes. FIG. 18 shows whether or not the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 is in order. It is not possible to express because of the fact that The alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 in FIG. 18 are the same as the alignment states described with reference to FIG.
- a light ray LC1, a light ray LC2, and a light ray LC3 that enter the light control film 1C-2 are shown.
- the light ray LC1 passes through portions of both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 where the respective liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are oriented in appropriate directions (directions substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis direction). do. Therefore, the light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 9 is polarized in one direction, and is substantially blocked when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- the light ray LC2 is polarized in one direction immediately after entering the first liquid crystal layer 9, but passes through a portion in which the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 91 is disturbed before exiting the first liquid crystal layer 9. state is disturbed.
- the amount of polarized light that can pass through the second liquid crystal layer 10 increases. More light is transmitted than the light ray LC1, and the light leaks, so the first non-electrode line 182 may be slightly visible.
- the light ray LC3 passes through a portion of the first liquid crystal layer 9 in which the liquid crystal molecules 91 are oriented in an appropriate direction (a direction substantially orthogonal to the Z-axis direction), so that the polarization state is arranged in one direction.
- the light incident on the second liquid crystal layer 10 is substantially blocked by the portion where the liquid crystal molecules 101 are oriented in an appropriate direction (the direction substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis direction). Almost no light reaches the disturbed part. Therefore, the light beam LC3 is substantially blocked.
- the light control film 1C-2 shown in FIG. 18 can block the light beams LA1 and LA3, but the light beam LA2 may be slightly visible. Although it is improved, it can be said that the light shielding property is poor.
- FIG. 19 shows the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment in which both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 are arranged between the first electrode 24 and the second electrode 27 in the absence of an electric field (shading). is a diagram for explaining the light shielding characteristics of the state). Note that spacers are omitted in FIG. 19, and the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are represented by oval shapes. Also, FIG. 19 shows whether or not the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are well aligned, but the crossing orientation of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 is a two-dimensional drawing. It is not possible to express because of the fact that The alignment states of the liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 in FIG. 19 are the same as the alignment states described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 19 a light ray LE1, a light ray LE2, and a light ray LE3 incident on the light control film 1E are shown.
- the light ray LE1 passes through portions of both the first liquid crystal layer 9 and the second liquid crystal layer 10 where the respective liquid crystal molecules 91 and 101 are oriented in appropriate directions (directions substantially perpendicular to the Z-axis direction). do. Therefore, the light passing through the first liquid crystal layer 9 is polarized in one direction, and is substantially blocked when passing through the second liquid crystal layer 10 .
- the light beam LE2 passes through the portion where the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 91 is disturbed. Since the light passes through the oriented portion, the polarization state is aligned in one direction.
- the light control film 1E of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 19 can block substantially all of the light beam LE1, the light beam LE2, and the light beam LE3, and has excellent light blocking properties.
- the light control film is arranged on the side window and the partition inside the vehicle 40 .
- the light control film may be arranged on the front window, roof window, or the like of the vehicle.
- a flexible light control film is provided on a side window of a vehicle as a light control member.
- a light control member laminated glass
- this light control member is used instead of each side window of the vehicle.
- the light control film is sandwiched between two transparent plates such as a glass plate or a resin plate (between the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate) to form a light control device. You may arrange as a side window of a vehicle.
- the light control film can also be applied to windows of railway vehicles, ships, aircraft, and the like.
- the light control film can be applied not only to vehicles but also to window glass installed in buildings, windows for partitions, and the like.
- the directions in which the first non-electrode lines and the second non-electrode lines do not overlap and are shifted are the same over the entire surface, or are the same in the regions A1 and A2. bottom.
- the first non-electrode line and the second non-electrode line that are arranged closest in the direction in which the divided first electrodes are arranged the first non-electrode line and the second non-electrode line
- the directions in which the two non-electrode lines do not overlap and are shifted may be random. In this case, it is possible to prevent a phenomenon in which a transmissive region is also observed in a light-shielding region from occurring frequently in observation from a specific direction.
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Abstract
Description
また、透明電極を複数の領域に分けて、それぞれを独立して調光状態を変化させることができる調光体が開示されている(特許文献1)。
本明細書等において、形状、幾何学的条件、これらの程度を特定する用語、例えば、「方向」等の用語については、その用語の厳密な意味に加えて、概ねその方向とみなせる範囲を含む。
図1は、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aの概略構成を示す断面図である。
図2は、調光フィルム1AをZ1方向から見た平面図である。
図3は、第1電極18及び第2電極21の配置を説明する図である。図3(A)は、第1電極18の配置を説明するために第3積層体5CをZ1方向から見た平面図である。図3(B)は、第2電極21の配置を説明する図であり、第3積層体5CをZ1方向から見たときの平面図に相当するが、第1電極18は省略している。
図1に示すように、調光フィルム1Aは、第1積層体5Aと、第2積層体5Bと、第3積層体5Cと、第1液晶層9と、第2液晶層10とを備えている。
第1基材6、第2基材15、第3基材20としては、種々の透明樹脂フィルムを用いることができるが、光学異方性が小さく、また、可視域の波長(380~800nm)における透過率が80%以上である透明樹脂フィルムを用いることが望ましい。
透明樹脂フィルムの材料としては、例えば、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)等のアセチルセルロース系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)等のポリエステル系樹脂、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルペンテン、EVA等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン等のビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリウレタン系樹脂、ポリサルホン(PEF)、ポリエーテルサルホン(PES)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテル(PE)、ポリエーテルケトン(PEK)、(メタ)アクロニトリル、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)、シクロオレフィンコポリマー等の樹脂が挙げられる。
特に、ポリカーボネート(PC)、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等の樹脂が好ましい。
本実施形態において、第1基材6と、第2基材15と、第3基材20とは、いずれも、例えば、厚み125μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)が適用されるが、種々の厚みの透明樹脂フィルムを適用することができる。
透明導電膜としては、この種の透明樹脂フィルムに適用される各種の透明電極材料を適用することができ、酸化物系の全光透過率が50%以上の透明な金属薄膜を挙げることができる。例えば、酸化錫系、酸化インジウム系、酸化亜鉛系が挙げられる。
酸化インジウム(In2O3)系としては、酸化インジウム、ITO(Indium Tin Oxide:インジウム錫酸化物)、IZO(Indium Zic Oxide)が挙げられる。
酸化亜鉛(ZnO)系としては、酸化亜鉛、AZO(アルミドープ酸化亜鉛)、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛が挙げられる。
また、第1電極18と、第2電極21とは、複数に分割されているが、この点については後述する。
本実施形態では、光二量化型の材料を使用する。光二量化型の材料としては、例えば、シンナメート、クマリン、ベンジリデンフタルイミジン、ベンジリデンアセトフェノン、ジフェニルアセチレン、スチルバゾール、ウラシル、キノリノン、マレインイミド、又は、シンナミリデン酢酸誘導体を有するポリマー等を挙げることができる。中でも、配向規制力が良好である点で、シンナメート、クマリンの一方又は両方を有するポリマーが好ましく用いられる。このような光二量化型の材料の具体例としては、例えば、特開平9-118717号公報、特表平10-506420号公報、特表2003-505561号公報及びWO2010/150748号公報に記載された化合物を挙げることができる。
なお、光配向層に代えてラビング処理により配向層を作製してもよく、微細なライン状凹凸形状を賦型処理して配向層を作製してもよい。
第2液晶層10は、第2積層体5Bと第3積層体5Cとの間に挟持されている。
第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10としては、例えば、ゲストホスト液晶組成物、二色性色素組成物を適用することができる。ゲストホスト液晶組成物にカイラル剤を含有させることにより、液晶分子を水平配向させた場合に、液晶層の厚み方向(Z方向)に螺旋形状に配向させるようにしてもよい。
本実施形態では、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10として、ゲストホスト液晶組成物を適用した例について説明したが、電界印加の有無により透過状態及び遮光状態を制御可能であれば、他の液晶組成物を適用してもよい。
本実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、車両(乗り物)40の前席サイドウィンドウ41A、後席サイドウィンドウ41B、前席サイドウィンドウ41C、後席サイドウィンドウ41Dのほぼ全面にそれぞれ配置される。なお、前席サイドウィンドウ41C、後席サイドウィンドウ41Dについては、位置のみを矢印で示している。本実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、可撓性を有するため、湾曲した形状のサイドウィンドウ等に配置することができる。
また車両前席と車両後席との間に配置される車内パーティション45にも、調光フィルム1Aが配置されている。
操作情報取得部42は、運転者のほか、助手席、後部座席等に着座している乗員(以下、「運転者等」ともいう)がサイドウィンドウ41A~41Dから入射する外光の光量を調節する際に操作する装置であり、例えば、タッチパネルにより構成される。運転者等は、ドアサイド等に設けられたタッチパネルを操作して、サイドウィンドウ41A~41Dから入射する外光の光量を同時に又は個別に調節することができる。同様に、運転者等は、ドアサイド等に設けられたタッチパネルを操作して、車内パーティション45の透過と遮光とを調節することができる。
電源部43は、駆動制御部44に電力を供給する電源装置である。
また、第2電極21は、それぞれ電気的に絶縁された複数の部分電極21A~21Eに分割されている。第2電極21についても、第1電極18と同様にX方向に沿って分割され、Y方向に沿って延在する縞状の電極パターンに形成されている。
第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、1つの第3積層体5Cの両面に部分電極18A~18Eと部分電極21A~21Eとをそれぞれ形成している。したがって、調光フィルム1Aを組み立てる際の部分電極18A~18Eと部分電極21A~21Eとの位置合わせが不要となり、また、両者の相対的な位置精度を高めることができる。
なお、本実施形態では、説明の都合上、第1電極18及び第2電極21をそれぞれ5分割した例について説明するが、第1電極18及び第2電極21の分割数は、5に限定されない。
また、第1非電極線181~184と、第2非電極線211~214とは、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て互いに重ならない位置に配置されている。具体的には、図1中の第1非電極線181は、第2非電極線211よりもX2方向にずれて配置されており、例えば、分割された第1電極18が配列されている方向で第1非電極線184と第2非電極線214との最短距離S1は、1mm離れて配置されている。他の第1非電極線182~184と、第2非電極線212~214についても同様にずれて配置されている。上述したように第1非電極線181~184及び第2非電極線211~214は、50μm以下であるので、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とは、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て重ならないように配置されている。この理由については、後述する。
図5は、調光フィルム1Aの使用例を説明する図である。
前述したように、車両40に配置される調光フィルム1Aは、ウィンドウの形状に合うように作製されるが、図5では、説明を分かり易くするため、調光フィルム1Aを矩形状とした例について説明する。図5において、「斜線」の部分は、調光フィルム1Aにおいて外光が遮光された部分を示している。「白色」の部分は、調光フィルム1Aにおいて、外光が透過している部分を示している。また、図5では、部分電極により遮光及び透過される領域を模式的に示している。図5に示す例では、調光フィルム1Aの遮光及び透過を横方向に変化させる状態を例示している。
例えば、調光フィルム1Aの全面が遮光状態である場合に、調光フィルム1AをX1側からX2側に向けて順番に透過状態とするには、第3積層体5Cの部分電極18A~18E及び部分電極21A~21Eにおいて、最もX1側の部分電極18A、21Aから最もX2側の部分電極18E、21Eに向けて順番に通電を制御する。これにより、図5に示すように、調光フィルム1Aは、横方向のX1側からX2側に向けて順番に透過状態となる。図5では、調光フィルム1Aにおいて、部分電極18A、18B、21A、21Bに対応する領域までが遮光状態から透過状態に変化した様子を示している。
さらに、上述した例では、遮光状態から透過状態に変化させる例を例示したが、透過状態から遮光状態への変化も、同様に横方向に連続的に行わせることができる。
図6は、比較例である単一の液晶層を備えた調光フィルム100の非電極線に対応する位置の見え方を説明する図である。図6(A)は、図1と同様な断面を示しており、図6(B)は、図6(A)の状態をZ1側から見た状態を示す図である。図6(A)及び図6(B)では、透過状態の部位を白色とし、遮光状態の部位を黒色とし、電界印加状態にある領域と無電界状態にある領域との間の透過率にある部分をドットとして示しており、これは後に示す各図においても同様である。なお、図6(A)では、第1液晶層9の位置による透過、遮光の状態を併記し、スペーサを省略している。
図6に示す比較例の調光フィルム100は、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aにおける第1基材6から第3基材20までの構成のみを備えた形態に相当し、単一の液晶層(第1液晶層9のみ)を備えている。この場合であっても、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aと同様に、位置によって透過状態と遮光状態とを任意に切り替えることが可能である。図6の例では、先の図5の場合と同様に、X1側の2つの部分電極18A、18Bに対向する第1液晶層9を透過状態とし、X2側の3つの部分電極18C、18D、18Eに対向する第1液晶層9を遮光状態とした例を示している。
図6に例示する第1液晶層9は、ノーマリークリアの液晶となっており、無電界時に透過状態となり、電界印加時に遮光状態となる。したがって、遮光状態の領域近傍においては、第1非電極線181~184に対応する位置は、半透過状態となる。よって、図6(B)に示すように、本来は全面遮光状態とすることが望ましい遮光状態の領域に、第1非電極線183、184に対応した細長い半透過状態の領域が観察されてしまう。
図7は、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aの非電極線に対応する位置の見え方を説明する図である。図7(A)は、図1と同様な断面を示しており、図7(B)は、図7(A)の状態をZ1側から見た状態を示す図である。なお、図7(A)では、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10の位置による透過、遮光の状態を併記し、スペーサを省略している。
ここで、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とは、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て重ならないように配置されている。すなわち、第1非電極線181~184は、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て部分電極21A~21Eのいずれかと重なっている。同様に、第2非電極線211~214は、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て部分電極18A~18Eのいずれかと重なっている。したがって、遮光状態となっている領域では、第1非電極線181~184、又は、第2非電極線211~214に対応する位置において、遮光状態となっている他方の液晶層と重なることにより透過率が低くなり、第1非電極線181~184、及び、第2非電極線211~214が目立たなくなり、遮光状態と殆ど見分けがつかない程度の透過率の状態となる。
図7(B)の例では、第1非電極線182、183、184は、それぞれ、部分電極21C、21D、21Eと法線方向で重なっていることから、第1非電極線182、183、184と第2液晶層10の遮光領域とが重なって観察される。よって、第1非電極線182、183、184は、遮光状態と殆ど見分けがつかない程度の透過率の状態となる。
同様に、第2非電極線213、214は、それぞれ、部分電極18C、18Dと法線方向で重なっていることから、第2非電極線213、214と第1液晶層9の遮光領域とが重なって観察され、遮光状態と殆ど見分けがつかない程度の透過率の状態となる。
図8は、第1非電極線184及び第2非電極線214の近傍を拡大した断面図である。
例えば、図8に示すように、第1非電極線184及び第2非電極線214の周囲がいずれも遮光状態にある状況において、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10の双方の遮光状態の領域を通る視線L0を設定する。この視線L0は、第1非電極線184のX1側端部に対応する液晶層9のZ1側の角部分を通り、第2非電極線214のX2側端部に対応する液晶層10のZ2側の角部分を通る視線である。視線L0よりも角度θが小さい角度から観察すると、第1非電極線184及び第2非電極線214に対応した位置で半透過状態の領域(図8中にドットで示した領域)を2回通過する視線が存在することとなる。よって、角度θを調光フィルム1Aを観察する最小角度として設定すれば、角度θ以上で観察する場合には、半透過状態の領域を2回通過する視線がなく、第1非電極線184及び第2非電極線214に対応する領域を目立たなくすることができる。
tanθ=(t1+t2+t3)/S1・・・式(1)
よって、最短距離S1は、
S1=(t1+t2+t3)/tanθ・・・式(2)
と表すことができる。
S1≧(t1+t2+t3)/tanθ・・・式(3)
の関係を満たすことにより、第1非電極線184及び第2非電極線214に対応する領域を目立たなくすることができる。
S1≧(t1+t2+t3)・・・式(4)
すなわち、分割された第1電極18が配列されている方向において、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214との最短距離S1は、第1液晶層9の層厚と、第3積層体5Cの層厚と、第2液晶層10の層厚との和以上とするとよい。
仮に、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とが、それぞれ、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て重なっている場合には、モアレが観察されるおそれがある。より詳細に説明すると、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214との間には、第3積層体5Cが設けられており、この第3積層体5C層厚分だけ第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とが離間している。したがって、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向に近い位置から観察した場合に、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とが、視差によってごく僅かにずれて観察されることにより、モアレとなって観察されるおそれがある。
本実施形態では、上述したように、実施形態のように第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とを、調光フィルム1Aの法線方向から見て重ならないように配置することにより、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とによってモアレが観察されることを防止できる。
また、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、カーテンを開閉するように横方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したり、ブラインドを開閉するように縦方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したりすることができる。また、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、外光の遮光及び透過を選択的に制御することもできる。したがって、第1実施形態の調光フィルム1Aは、外光を様々な形態で遮光したり、透過させたりすることができる。
また、第1実施形態によれば、第1非電極線181~184と第2非電極線211~214とによってモアレが観察されることを防止できる。
図9は、第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bの概略構成を示す断面図である。
第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bは、第1電極24と、第2電極27と、第1共通電極25と、第2共通電極26とが積層される位置が第1実施形態と相違する。第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bにおいて、その他の構成は、第1実施形態と同じである。そのため、図9においては、第2実施形態の特徴的な構成を示す断面図のみを図示し、その他の図示を省略する。また、第2実施形態の説明及び図面において、第1実施形態と同等の機能を果たす部材等については、同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。また、積層体については、一部の構成を除いて、第1実施形態と同一の符号を付している。
第1積層体5Aは、第1基材6のZ2側に、第1電極24が積層され、さらにその上(Z2側)に配向層13が積層されている。第1電極24は、第1実施形態の第1電極18と同様に、それぞれ電気的に絶縁された複数の部分電極24A~24Eに分割されている。部分電極24A~24Eは、その積層される位置が異なる他は、第1実施形態の部分電極18A~18Eと同様である。
また、第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bは、カーテンを開閉するように横方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したり、ブラインドを開閉するように縦方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したりすることができる。また、第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bは、外光の遮光及び透過を選択的に制御することもできる。したがって、第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bは、外光を様々な形態で遮光したり、透過させたりすることができる。
また、第2実施形態においても、第1実施形態と同様にモアレが観察されることを防止できる。
図10は、第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cの概略構成を示す断面図である。
第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cは、第1電極29と、第2電極32と、第1共通電極28と、第2共通電極31とが積層される位置が第1実施形態と相違する。第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cにおいて、その他の構成は、第1実施形態と同じである。そのため、図10においては、第3実施形態の特徴的な構成を示す断面図のみを図示し、その他の図示を省略する。また、第3実施形態の説明及び図面において、第1及び第2実施形態と同等の機能を果たす部材等については、同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。また、積層体については、一部の構成を除いて、第1及び第2実施形態と同一の符号を付している。
第1積層体5Aは、第1基材6のZ2側に、第1共通電極28が積層され、さらにその上(Z2側)に配向層13が積層されている。第1共通電極28は、第1基材6上の全面に形成された透明導電膜である。第1共通電極28は、第1実施形態の第1共通電極14と同様である。
また、第3積層体5Cは、第3基材20のZ2側に、第2共通電極31と、配向層22とを備える。第2共通電極31は、第3基材20のZ2側の全面に形成された透明導電膜である。第2共通電極31は、積層される位置が異なる他は、第1実施形態の第2共通電極23と同様である。
また、第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cは、カーテンを開閉するように横方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したり、ブラインドを開閉するように縦方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したりすることができる。また、第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cは、外光の遮光及び透過を選択的に制御することもできる。したがって、第3実施形態の調光フィルム1Cは、外光を様々な形態で遮光したり、透過させたりすることができる。
また、第3実施形態においても、第1実施形態と同様にモアレが観察されることを防止できる。
図11は、第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dの概略構成を示す断面図である。
第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dは、分割された部分電極の配置パターン(分割されるパターン)が第1実施形態と相違する。第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dにおいて、その他の構成は、第1実施形態と同じである。そのため、図11においては、第4実施形態の特徴的な構成を示す断面図のみを図示し、その他の図示を省略する。また、第4実施形態の説明及び図面において、第1実施形態と同等の機能を果たす部材等については、同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
また、第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dでは、第1非電極線181~186と第2非電極線211~216とが重ならずにずれる向きが異なる2つの領域A1、A2を有している。より具体的には、領域A1においては、第1非電極線181、182、183は、それぞれ、第2非電極線211、212、213を基準としてX1側にずれて配置されている。一方、領域A1よりもX2側にある領域A2においては、第1非電極線184、185、186は、それぞれ、第2非電極線214、215、216を基準としてX2側にずれて配置されている。
図12中において、観察位置Oは、調光フィルム1DのX方向の中間位置を通る法線N上にあるものとする。また、領域A1と領域A2の境界は、この調光フィルム1DのX方向の中間位置を通る法線Nとなる。
また、領域A2においては、第1非電極線184、185、186は、それぞれ、第2非電極線214、215、216を基準としてX2側にずれて配置されている。よって、観察位置Oから調光フィルム1Dを観察すると、領域A2においても領域A1と同様に、第1非電極線184、185、186を通る斜め方向の視線L4、L5、L6は、第2非電極線214、215、216を通ることなく、第2液晶層10の遮光された領域により遮られる。
すなわち、特定の観察位置Oから想定される視線上で第1非電極線181~186と第2非電極線211~216とが重なりにくい向きに、第1非電極線181~186と第2非電極線211~216との相対位置を設定している。よって、上記のように第1非電極線181~186と第2非電極線211~216とが重ならずにずれる向きが異なる2つの領域A1、A2が存在している。ここで、観察位置Oから想定される視線上で第1非電極線181~186と第2非電極線211~216とが重なりにくい配置(以下、好ましい非電極線の配置)とは、以下のように定義できる。
好ましい非電極線の配置は、観察位置Oに近い側にある非電極線(図12では、第1非電極線181~186)が、観察位置Oから遠い側にある非電極線(図12では、第2非電極線211~216)よりも、観察位置Oから調光フィルム1Dへ引いた法線Nから遠い側にずれた配置である。
特に、先の図4に示したように、調光フィルム1Dを車両40に採用する場合には、車両中で人が乗車する位置は、略特定できる。よって、車両40中において調光フィルム1Dに対する観察位置Oについても略特定することができる。このような場合に、第4実施形態の構成の調光フィルム1Dを採用することにより、調光フィルム1Dのいずれの位置においても、透過状態の領域が遮光領域において観察されてしまう現象を効果的に防止することができる。
また、第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dは、カーテンを開閉するように横方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したり、ブラインドを開閉するように縦方向に外光の遮光及び透過を制御したりすることができる。また、第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dは、外光の遮光及び透過を選択的に制御することもできる。したがって、第4実施形態の調光フィルム1Dは、外光を様々な形態で遮光したり、透過させたりすることができる。
また、第4実施形態においても、第1実施形態と同様にモアレが観察されることを防止できる。
図13は、第5実施形態の調光フィルム1Eの概略構成を示す断面図である。
第5実施形態の調光フィルム1Eは、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10の形態と、配向層(130、190、220、170)の形態が第2実施形態の配向層と異なる他は、第2実施形態の調光フィルム1Bと同様である。よって、第5実施形態の説明及び図面において、第2実施形態と同等の機能を果たす部材等については、同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
配向層(第1電極上配向層)130は、第1電極24の分割と対応して分割されて第1電極24上に積層されている。
配向層(第2電極上配向層)170は、第2電極27の分割と対応して分割されて第2電極27上に積層されている。
また、第5実施形態の配向層130、配向層190、配向層220、配向層170は、いずれもラビング処理されることことにより配向特性が付与されている。なお、配向層130、配向層190、配向層220、配向層170は、ラビング処理に限らず、微細なライン状凹凸形状を賦型処理して配向層を作製してもよいし、光配向によって配向層を作製してもよい。
また、第5実施形態の第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10は、いずれも二色性色素を含むゲストホスト型の液晶層である。
図14に示すように、第1液晶層9の液晶分子91の遮光状態における配向方向と、第2液晶層10の液晶分子101の遮光状態における配向方向とは、調光フィルム1Eの法線方向(Z軸方向)から見て交差している。すなわち、第1液晶層9の液晶分子91の遮光状態における配向方向はX軸方向に沿った方向に配向されており、第2液晶層10の液晶分子101の遮光状態における配向方向はY軸方向に沿った方向に配向されている。このように第1液晶層9の液晶分子91の遮光状態における配向方向と、第2液晶層10の液晶分子101の遮光状態における配向方向とを、調光フィルム1Eの法線方向から見て交差させることにより、第1液晶層9と第2液晶層10とが積層された調光フィルム1Eの遮光状態における遮光性を高めることができる。
図15中の配向層170Bは、第2非電極線271と重なる部分が切断されておらず繋がっている。図15に示す調光フィルム100Bのその他の部分については、第5実施形態の調光フィルム1Eの第3基材20からZ2側の構成と同様である。
配向層170Bが分割されていない場合、図15(A)に示すように、無電界時(遮光状態)には、配向層170B及び配向層220による配向力によって液晶分子101は液晶層10の全体においてZ軸方向に略直交する方向に配向される。
また、配向層170Bが分割されていない場合、図15(B)に示すように、電界印加時(透過状態)には、第2電極27と重なる範囲では液晶分子101はZ軸方向に略沿った方向に配向される。ただし、第2電極27が切断されている第2非電極線271と重なる範囲では液晶分子101は電界の影響を十分に受けることができず、配向状態が乱れる。
図16に示す調光フィルム100Cは、第5実施形態の調光フィルム1Eの第3基材20からZ2側の構成と同様である。
配向層170が分割されているので、図16(A)に示すように、無電界時(遮光状態)であっても、配向層170と重ならない範囲であって第2非電極線271に近い範囲では、配向層170の配向力を十分に受けることができず配向状態が乱れる。
また、配向層170が分割されている場合、図16(B)に示すように、電界印加時(透過状態)には、第2電極27と重なる範囲では液晶分子101はZ軸方向に略沿った方向に配向される。ただし、第2電極27が切断されている第2非電極線271と重なる範囲では液晶分子101は電界の影響を十分に受けることができず、配向状態が乱れる。
このようにノーマリーダークの構成において配向層が分割されて切れ目が存在すると、無電界時(遮光状態)であっても、第2非電極線271に近い範囲では、配向状態が乱れる。したがって、この範囲では、遮光特性が他の範囲よりも低下することが課題となる。
図17中における液晶分子91、101の配向状態に関しては、図16を用いて説明した配向状態と同様に配向される。
光線LA1は、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10のいずれにおいてもそれぞれの液晶分子91及び液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過する。したがって、第1液晶層9を通過した光は偏光状態が1方向に整い、その後、第2液晶層10を通過するときに略遮光される。
光線LA2は、第1液晶層9に入射した直後は偏光状態が1方向に整うが、第1液晶層9から出射する前に液晶分子91の配向状態が乱れている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が乱れる。よって、第2液晶層10において液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されていても、第2液晶層10を通過できる偏光状態の光が多くなることから、光線LA1よりも透過する光が多くなり、光が漏れるので第1非電極線182がうっすらと見えてしまう場合がある。
光線LA3は、第1液晶層9において液晶分子91が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が1方向に整えられる。しかし、第2液晶層10に入射して直ぐに液晶分子101の配向状態が乱れている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が乱される。偏光状態が乱れた光がその後、第2液晶層10の液晶分子101の配向状態が整った部位を通過しても、第2液晶層10を通過できる偏光状態の光が多くなることから、光線LA1よりも透過する光が多くなり、光が漏れるので第1非電極線182がうっすらと見えてしまう場合がある。
このように、図17に示した調光フィルム1A-2では、光線LA1は遮光できるが、光線LA2と、光線LA3とについて、うっすらと見えてしまう場合があり、遮光特性が悪いといえる。
図18中における液晶分子91、101の配向状態に関しては、図16を用いて説明した配向状態と同様に配向される。
光線LC1は、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10のいずれにおいてもそれぞれの液晶分子91及び液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過する。したがって、第1液晶層9を通過した光は偏光状態が1方向に整い、その後、第2液晶層10を通過するときに略遮光される。
光線LC2は、第1液晶層9に入射した直後は偏光状態が1方向に整うが、第1液晶層9から出射する前に液晶分子91の配向状態が乱れている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が乱れる。よって、第2液晶層10において液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されていても、第2液晶層10を通過できる偏光状態の光が多くなることから、光線LC1よりも透過する光が多くなり、光が漏れるので第1非電極線182がうっすらと見えてしまう場合がある。
光線LC3は、第1液晶層9において液晶分子91が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が1方向に整えられる。その後、第2液晶層10に入射した光は、液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分で略遮光されるので、液晶分子101の配向状態が乱れた部分に到達する光は略存在しない。よって、光線LC3は、略遮光される。
このように、図18に示した調光フィルム1C-2では、光線LA1と光線LA3とは遮光できるが、光線LA2については、うっすらと見えてしまう場合があり、調光フィルム1A-2よりも改善されるものの、遮光特性が悪いといえる。
図19中における液晶分子91、101の配向状態に関しては、図16を用いて説明した配向状態と同様に配向される。
光線LE1は、第1液晶層9及び第2液晶層10のいずれにおいてもそれぞれの液晶分子91及び液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過する。したがって、第1液晶層9を通過した光は偏光状態が1方向に整い、その後、第2液晶層10を通過するときに略遮光される。
光線LE2は、第1液晶層9に入射した直後は液晶分子91の配向状態が乱れている部分を通過するが、その後、液晶分子91が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過するので偏光状態が1方向に整う。その後、第2液晶層10に入射すると液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分によって略遮光される。
光線LE3は、第1液晶層9において液晶分子91が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分を通過するので、偏光状態が1方向に整えられる。その後、第2液晶層10に入射した光は、液晶分子101が適切な方向(Z軸方向に略直交する方向)に配向されている部分で略遮光されるので、液晶分子101の配向状態が乱れた部分に到達する光は略存在しない。よって、光線LE3は、略遮光される。
このように、図19に示した第5実施形態の調光フィルム1Eでは、光線LE1と光線LE2と光線LE3との全てについて略遮光でき、遮光特性が良好である。
以上説明した実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変形や変更が可能であって、それらも本開示の実施形態の範囲内である。
1B 調光フィルム
1C 調光フィルム
1D 調光フィルム
1E 調光フィルム
5A 第1積層体
5B 第2積層体
5C 第3積層体
6 第1基材
7 シール材
9 第1液晶層
10 第2液晶層
12 スペーサ
13 配向層
14 第1共通電極
15 第2基材
17 配向層
18 第1電極
18A~18G 部分電極
19 配向層
20 第3基材
21 第2電極
21A~21G 部分電極
22 配向層
23 第2共通電極
24 第1電極
24A~24E 部分電極
25 第1共通電極
26 第2共通電極
27 第2電極
27A~27E 部分電極
28 第1共通電極
29 第1電極
29A~29E 部分電極
31 第2共通電極
32 第2電極
32A~32E 部分電極
40 車両
41A 前席サイドウィンドウ
41B 後席サイドウィンドウ
41C 前席サイドウィンドウ
41D 後席サイドウィンドウ
42 操作情報取得部
43 電源部
44 駆動制御部
45 車内パーティション
91 液晶分子
100 調光フィルム
100B 調光フィルム
100C 調光フィルム
1A-2 調光フィルム
1C-2 調光フィルム
101 液晶分子
130 配向層
170 配向層
170B 配向層
190 配向層
220 配向層
181~186 第1非電極線
211~216 第2非電極線
241~244 第1非電極線
271~274 第2非電極線
291~294 第1非電極線
321~324 第2非電極線
A1 領域
A2 領域
L1~L6 視線
L100 視線
N 法線
O 観察位置
Claims (8)
- 透過率を制御可能な調光部材であって、
分割されていない第1共通電極と、
分割された第1電極と、
前記第1共通電極と前記第1電極との間に配置された第1液晶層と、
分割されていない第2共通電極と、
分割された第2電極と、
前記第2共通電極と前記第2電極との間に配置された第2液晶層と、
を備え、
前記第1電極を分割する第1非電極線と前記第2電極を分割する第2非電極線とは、当該調光部材の法線方向から見て互いに重ならない位置に配置されている調光部材。 - 請求項1に記載の調光部材において、
第1基材を有する第1積層体と、
第2基材を有する第2積層体と、
第3基材を有する第3積層体と、
を備え、
前記第1液晶層は、前記第1積層体及び前記第3積層体により挟持され、
前記第2液晶層は、前記第2積層体及び前記第3積層体により挟持され、
前記第1非電極線及び前記第2非電極線の幅は、50μm以下であり、
分割された前記第1電極が配列されている方向において、前記第1非電極線と前記第2非電極線との最短距離は、前記第1液晶層の層厚と、前記第3積層体の層厚と、前記第2液晶層の層厚との和以上である調光部材。 - 請求項1に記載の調光部材において、
前記第1非電極線及び前記第2非電極線の幅は、50μm以下であり、
分割された前記第1電極が配列されている方向において、前記第1非電極線と前記第2非電極線との最短距離は、前記第1非電極線同士の最短間隔の1/2以下である調光部材。 - 請求項1に記載の調光部材において、
当該調光部材とのなす角度が45°以上の方向から見たときに、前記第1非電極線と前記第2非電極線とが重ならない調光部材。 - 請求項1に記載の調光部材において、
分割された前記第1電極が配列されている方向で最も近くに配置されている前記第1非電極線と前記第2非電極線との関係において、前記第2非電極線を基準として前記第1非電極線がずれて配置される向きが異なる2つの領域を有する調光部材。 - 請求項1に記載の調光部材において、
前記第1電極の分割と対応して分割されて前記第1電極上に積層された第1電極上配向層と、
前記第2電極の分割と対応して分割されて前記第2電極上に積層された第2電極上配向層と、
を備え、
前記第1液晶層及び前記第2液晶層は、無電界時に遮光状態となり、電界印加時に透過状態となるノーマリーダークとして構成されており、
前記第1液晶層の液晶分子の遮光状態における配向方向と、前記第2液晶層の液晶分子の遮光状態における配向方向とは、当該調光部材の法線方向から見て交差しており、
前記第1液晶層及び前記第2液晶層は、前記第1電極と前記第2電極との間に配置されている調光部材。 - 請求項6に記載の調光部材において、
前記第1液晶層の液晶分子の遮光状態における配向方向と、前記第2液晶層の液晶分子の遮光状態における配向方向とは、当該調光部材の法線方向から見て直交している調光部材。 - 第1透明板と、
前記第1透明板と対向して配置される第2透明板と、
前記第1透明板と前記第2透明板との間に設けられる、請求項1から請求項7までのいずれかに記載の前記調光部材と、を備える調光装置。
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JPH09118717A (ja) | 1995-09-15 | 1997-05-06 | Rolic Ag | 架橋結合しうる光活性の重合体材料 |
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JP2003505561A (ja) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-02-12 | ロリク アーゲー | 化合物 |
WO2010150748A1 (ja) | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-29 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 光配向性を有する熱硬化膜形成組成物 |
JP2015049316A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-16 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 液晶レンズセル基板、液晶レンズセル及び表示装置 |
JP2018170268A (ja) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-01 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 調光フィルム用透明導電フィルム及び調光フィルム |
JP2019128376A (ja) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-08-01 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光体 |
JP2021039279A (ja) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光装置 |
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JPH10506420A (ja) | 1994-09-29 | 1998-06-23 | エフ・ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 液晶配向層を製造するためのクマリン及びキノリノン誘導体 |
JPH09118717A (ja) | 1995-09-15 | 1997-05-06 | Rolic Ag | 架橋結合しうる光活性の重合体材料 |
JP2003505561A (ja) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-02-12 | ロリク アーゲー | 化合物 |
WO2010150748A1 (ja) | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-29 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 光配向性を有する熱硬化膜形成組成物 |
JP2015049316A (ja) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-16 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 液晶レンズセル基板、液晶レンズセル及び表示装置 |
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JP2019128376A (ja) | 2018-01-22 | 2019-08-01 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 調光体 |
JP2021039279A (ja) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光装置 |
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CN117561474A (zh) | 2024-02-13 |
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