WO2023277073A1 - 車両用ガラスモジュール - Google Patents
車両用ガラスモジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023277073A1 WO2023277073A1 PCT/JP2022/025994 JP2022025994W WO2023277073A1 WO 2023277073 A1 WO2023277073 A1 WO 2023277073A1 JP 2022025994 W JP2022025994 W JP 2022025994W WO 2023277073 A1 WO2023277073 A1 WO 2023277073A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- information acquisition
- area
- acquisition area
- transparent conductive
- glass
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/22—Display screens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle glass module.
- Patent Literature 1 proposes disposing a bus bar and a heating wire inside a glass panel of a windshield to generate heat to eliminate fogging and freezing.
- a windshield of a vehicle to which an information acquisition device is attached is provided with a heater in an information acquisition region to prevent fogging or freezing of the information acquisition region from which information is acquired by the information acquisition device.
- Windshields as described in US Pat. No. 5,400,002, typically consist of a laminated glass with two sheets of glass and an interlayer disposed therebetween.
- a vehicle glass module is characterized by a vehicle glass module that supports an information acquisition device capable of receiving light from outside the vehicle inside the vehicle, the information acquisition device facing the information acquisition device and through which the light passes.
- a glass panel having an acquisition area, and a heating unit that heats at least the information acquisition area of the glass panel, the glass panel facing the first glass plate on the outside of the vehicle. and an intermediate film made of a thermoplastic resin disposed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein the heating unit is provided on the glass panel and a heater disposed along the plate surface of the glass panel in the information acquisition area and receiving power from the power supply unit to generate heat, wherein the heater is at least the information acquisition unit. It is characterized by having a uniform heating mechanism capable of heating the entire area and uniformly heating the information acquisition area.
- the heater that generates heat by being supplied with power from the power supply unit has a uniform heating mechanism that uniformly heats the information acquisition area. As a result, the heater can uniformly heat the information acquisition area by the uniform heating mechanism, so that temperature unevenness in the intermediate film can be suppressed.
- uniform heating of the information acquisition region by the uniform heating mechanism means that the maximum temperature gradient of the information acquisition region is, for example, a predetermined value or less while the information acquisition region is heated.
- the maximum temperature gradient is preferably 3.0 [°C/mm] or less, more preferably 2.0 [°C/mm] or less.
- Another characteristic configuration is that the uniform heating mechanism is configured so that the resistance value of the heater in the information acquisition area and the current density flowing through the heater in the information acquisition area are uniform.
- uniformity of the resistance value of the heater means, for example, that the fluctuation range of the sheet resistance of the heater is within ⁇ 15% of a predetermined value. More preferably, the fluctuation width of the sheet resistance of the heater is within ⁇ 10% of the predetermined value.
- the uniform heating mechanism has a transparent conductive film and a pair of bus bars that supply power to the transparent conductive film, and the transparent conductive film covers the entire information acquisition area. and a second area contiguous to the first area and arranged outside the information acquisition area, wherein the pair of bus bars divides the first area and the second area into The entirety of the first region and the second region are formed in a virtual region formed by connecting both ends of portions of the pair of bus bars where the bus bars and the transparent conductive film are in contact with each other. and at least a part thereof.
- the information acquisition area facing the information acquisition device and through which light passes is formed, for example, in a trapezoidal shape in which the length of the upper base is 1/10 or less of the length of the lower base.
- the edge portion of the heater dissipates heat to the surrounding area where the heater is not arranged. Therefore, the edge portion of the heater has a larger temperature gradient than other portions. Therefore, it is desirable that the shape of the heater is similar to the information acquisition area and larger than the information acquisition area.
- the transparent conductive film that constitutes the heater covers the entire information acquisition region in a virtual region formed by connecting both ends of the portions of the pair of bus bars where the bus bar and the transparent conductive film are in contact with each other. It includes a first area and a second area outside the information acquisition area. As a result, the distance between the pair of busbars becomes nearly equal, and the heater can make the potential gradient of the first region covering the information acquisition region uniform. As a result, the heater can generate heat uniformly in the information acquisition area, so that the heater can uniformly heat the information acquisition area.
- the information acquisition area can be uniformly heated by expanding the virtual area of the heater to the outside of the information acquisition area. Furthermore, in this configuration, by making the virtual area as close to the shape of the trapezoidal information acquisition area as possible, it is possible to suppress the power consumption of the heater and suppress the occurrence of optical distortion due to the intermediate film in the information acquisition area.
- Another characteristic configuration is that, of two sets of two opposite sides among the four sides forming the virtual area, the two sides having a smaller ratio of the short side to the long side of the two sides are defined as the short side as the first side, Assuming that the long side is the second side, the length of the first side is A, and the length of the second side is B, a perpendicular line to the second side is each of both ends of the first side and the With respect to two line segments connecting the second side at the shortest distance, the shorter line segment is the first perpendicular line, the longer line segment is the second perpendicular line, and the length of the first perpendicular line is C. Assuming that the length of the second perpendicular is D, the point satisfies the following formula (1). [Number 1] (A/B) ⁇ (C/D) ⁇ 0.2
- the virtual area is formed in a trapezoidal or rectangular shape with an upper base of a predetermined length.
- an upper base of a predetermined length is secured in the virtual area by satisfying Equation 1 above.
- the heater can make the potential gradient of the first area covering the information acquisition area uniform.
- the heater can generate heat uniformly in the information acquisition area, so that the heater can uniformly heat the information acquisition area.
- Another characteristic configuration is that the pair of busbars are arranged on two sides with a short distance between the two sides, out of two sets of two sides that face each other among the four sides that form the virtual area.
- the sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film can be increased as the distance between the pair of bus bars becomes shorter. Therefore, by arranging a pair of busbars on two opposite sides of the virtual area with a short distance as in this configuration, the transparent conductive film can easily secure a predetermined sheet resistance, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive film can be reduced. You can also As a result, the transmittance of the virtual area including the information acquisition area can be increased.
- Another characteristic configuration is that the transparent conductive film is formed in a rectangular shape along the plate surface of the glass panel.
- the transparent conductive film has a rectangular shape along the plate surface of the glass panel as in this configuration, the potential gradient can be made uniform in the central portion of the rectangular transparent conductive film. Therefore, by arranging the central portion of the transparent conductive film so as to correspond to the information acquisition area, the transparent conductive film can uniformly generate heat in the information acquisition area. As a result, the heater can uniformly heat the information acquisition area by the uniform heating mechanism.
- the uniform heating mechanism has a transparent conductive film and a pair of bus bars for supplying power to the transparent conductive film
- the transparent conductive film is a rectangular shape covering at least the information acquisition area. an area, and a pair of widening areas outside the information acquisition area that extend continuously along both side portions of the rectangular area, the width of which increases along the side portions as the distance from the side portions increases.
- the pair of busbars has first portions arranged in parallel to face each other across the rectangular region, and second portions extending from both ends of the first portions; The two parts are curved so that the shortest distances to the sides of the rectangular area are equal.
- the width of the transparent conductive film (enlarged region) outside the information acquisition region is larger than the width of the rectangular transparent conductive film (rectangular region) covering the information acquisition region.
- the area heated by the heater is expanded to the periphery of the information acquisition area, so heat radiation from the information acquisition area is suppressed.
- the intermediate film arranged in the information acquisition area can suppress temperature unevenness due to heat radiation from the periphery thereof.
- the second portions of the pair of bus bars are curved so that the shortest distances to the sides of the rectangular area are equal, the second portions can evenly heat the vicinity of the sides of the rectangular area.
- Another characteristic configuration is that a transparent substrate having a coefficient of linear thermal expansion smaller than that of the intermediate film is laminated on one surface of the transparent conductive film, and the heater is provided between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
- one of the transparent conductive film and the transparent substrate is arranged on the side of the first glass plate or the second glass plate, and the other is arranged on the side of the intermediate film at the point.
- the transparent substrate laminated on one side of the transparent conductive film has a smaller coefficient of linear thermal expansion than the intermediate film, a difference in refractive index due to uneven heating is less likely to occur than the intermediate film.
- the transparent base material which makes it difficult for the refractive index difference to occur
- the transparent base material is preferentially heated while maintaining its original shape. It becomes difficult to be heated by the conductive film. Thereby, temperature unevenness can be suppressed in the intermediate film, and optical distortion can be prevented.
- Another characteristic configuration is that the transparent conductive film is attached to the first glass plate or the second glass plate.
- the first glass plate or the second glass can be efficiently heated by the transparent conductive film.
- the glass plate has a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film made of resin or the like. Therefore, the heat generated by the transparent conductive film can be effectively transmitted over the entire information acquisition area through the glass plate, so that temperature unevenness in the information acquisition area can be reduced.
- Another characteristic configuration is that the heater is arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate and is in contact with the intermediate film.
- the intermediate film placed between the first glass plate and the second glass plate in the vehicle glass module is made of a thermoplastic resin, so the refractive index is likely to change as the temperature changes.
- the heater since the heater has a uniform heating mechanism, the intermediate film in contact with the heater is uniformly heated by the heater, and temperature unevenness can be suppressed.
- the heater has a heating wire
- the uniform heating mechanism includes a heat diffusion layer disposed between the heating wire and the intermediate film and having a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film. Further, the heat diffusion layer is arranged so as to cover at least the entire information acquisition area.
- the heater When the heater is configured with a heating wire, a temperature difference occurs between the area where the heating wire exists and the area where the heating wire does not exist.
- the temperature distribution in the information acquisition area can be made uniform.
- the temperature distribution is made uniform even in the intermediate film, so that optical distortion caused by the intermediate film can be suppressed.
- thermal diffusion layer has a smaller volume expansion coefficient than the intermediate film.
- the thermal diffusion layer has a smaller volume expansion coefficient than the intermediate film as in this configuration, the thermal diffusion layer can be stably arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
- heating wire is attached to the first glass plate or the second glass plate.
- the first glass plate or the second glass plate can be efficiently heated by the heating wire.
- the glass plate has a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film made of thermoplastic resin. Therefore, the heat generated by the heating wire can be effectively transmitted over the entire information acquisition area through the glass plate, so that temperature unevenness in the information acquisition area can be reduced.
- a shielding layer is disposed in a peripheral area of the glass panel and has an opening at a position corresponding to the information acquisition area, and the power supply section is covered with the shielding layer.
- the shielding layer is arranged in the peripheral region of the glass panel and has an opening at a position corresponding to the information acquisition region.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass module according to a first embodiment
- FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a principal part schematic diagram of the glass module for vehicles of 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module of a comparative example; It is a temperature distribution diagram in a heater (transparent conductive film) of a comparative example (trapezoidal). 4 is a temperature distribution diagram in the heater (transparent conductive film) of the first embodiment;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module of a comparative example
- It is a temperature distribution diagram in a heater (transparent conductive film) of a comparative example (trapezoidal).
- 4 is a temperature distribution diagram in the heater (transparent conductive film) of the first embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module according to a second embodiment; It is a principal part schematic diagram of the modification 1 of 2nd Embodiment. It is a principal part schematic diagram of the modification 2 of 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module according to a third embodiment; It is a principal part schematic diagram of the glass module for vehicles of 4th Embodiment. It is a table
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an image captured by Sample 1 (without energization); FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an image captured by Sample 1 (at the time of energization); FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a photographed image (at the time of energization) by Sample 5;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module according to a fifth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass module according to a sixth embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a vehicle glass module according to a seventh embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass module according to a seventh embodiment;
- FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass module according to another embodiment;
- a vehicle glass module 1 (hereinafter referred to as “glass module 1 ”) according to this embodiment includes a glass panel 10 and a heating unit 30 .
- the glass panel 10 is configured by arranging a first glass plate 11 on the outside of the vehicle and a second glass plate 12 on the inside of the vehicle so as to face each other.
- the glass panel 10 is laminated glass in which a first glass plate 11 and a second glass plate 12 are joined together by an intermediate film 13 .
- the intermediate film 13 is composed of an adhesive layer including a conductive wire 32 and a heating region of a heater 33, which will be described later.
- the heating unit 30 is for heating an information acquisition area 15 provided on the glass panel 10, which will be described later.
- the first glass plate 11 that constitutes the glass panel 10 includes a first surface 21 on the outside of the vehicle and a second surface 22 provided on the back side of the first surface 21 .
- the second glass plate 12 constituting the glass panel 10 includes a third surface 23 facing the second surface 22 and a fourth surface 24 provided behind the third surface 23 .
- the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed in a trapezoidal shape in a plan view, having substantially the same convex shape on the outside (on the side of the first surface 21).
- the glass panel 10 has an upper side 10a, a lower side 10b, a left side 10c, and a right side 10d when viewed from the inside of the vehicle, and the upper side 10a is shorter than the lower side 10b (see FIG. 1).
- the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be rectangular.
- a known glass plate can be used for the glass plates 11 and 12 .
- the glass plates 11 and 12 may be heat-absorbing glass, clear glass, green glass, UV green glass, or the like.
- the glass plates 11 and 12 are configured to achieve a visible light transmittance that meets the safety standards of the country in which the automobile is used.
- a shielding layer 3 is provided along the periphery of the glass panel 10 to shield the view from outside the vehicle.
- the shielding layer 3 is arranged in the peripheral area of the glass panel 10 . It has an opening at a position corresponding to the information acquisition area 15 .
- a power feeding portion 31, which will be described later, is covered with the shielding layer 3 in plan view.
- the shielding layer 3 is formed in an annular shape.
- a photographing device 8 an example of an information acquisition device capable of receiving light from outside the vehicle is mounted via a bracket (not shown) or the like inside the vehicle to which the glass panel 10 is attached.
- the photographing device 8 is arranged so that the substantially central region near the upper side 10a (an example of the side portion) of the glass panel 10 falls within the angle of view.
- the glass panel 10 has an information acquisition area 15 that faces the photographing device 8 and through which light passes. Specifically, the information acquisition area 15 is arranged below the substantially central area of the upper side 10a. In this way, the photographing device 8 arranged inside the vehicle than the glass panel 10 photographs the situation outside the vehicle via the information acquisition area 15 .
- the information acquisition area 15 is rectangular and has an upper side 15a along the upper side 10a of the glass panel 10, a lower side 15b parallel to the upper side 15a, a left side 15c, and a right side 15d.
- the information acquisition area 15 is arranged at a position close to the upper side 10a of the glass panel 10 as in the present embodiment, the information acquisition area 15 will not be visible when the glass module 1 is used for the windshield of a vehicle. It does not obstruct the view of the person. Thereby, in the glass panel 10, the visibility of the driver can be satisfactorily secured. Further, for example, when an information acquisition device such as a camera (photographing device 8) is arranged to face the information acquisition area 15, the front of the vehicle is unlikely to become a blind spot due to the bonnet or the like in the information acquisition device. It becomes easier to secure the field of vision.
- an information acquisition device such as a camera (photographing device 8)
- the planar dimension of the information acquisition area 15 is appropriately set according to the imaging device 8 placed inside the vehicle.
- the information acquisition area 15 is merely an area through which light emitted and/or received by the imaging device 8 passes, the planar dimension of the information acquisition region 15 is relatively large regardless of the type of the imaging device 8. set small.
- the planar dimension of the information acquisition area 15 is too small, a high mounting accuracy of the imaging device 8 is required.
- the distortion of the glass panel 10 has a large effect on the image acquired by the photographing device 8 .
- the planar dimension of the information acquisition area 15 is too large, the driver's visual field range will be narrowed.
- the planar dimension of the information acquisition area 15 is preferably set in the range of 20 mm (vertical) x 20 mm (horizontal) to 250 mm (vertical) x 500 mm (horizontal). ) to 150 mm (length) ⁇ 400 mm (width).
- the heating unit 30 heats at least part of the information acquisition area 15 of the glass panel 10 to remove fogging and/or ice from the information acquisition area 15 .
- the heating section 30 is provided at a position adjacent to the intermediate film 13 .
- the heating unit 30 may be arranged inside the intermediate film 13 .
- the intermediate film 13 is sandwiched between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 to join the two glass plates 11 and 12 together.
- This intermediate film 13 is made of a thermoplastic resin.
- the intermediate film 13 can have, for example, a three-layer structure in which a soft core layer is sandwiched between a pair of harder outer layers.
- the intermediate film 13 By forming the intermediate film 13 with a plurality of soft layers and hard layers in this manner, the breakage resistance and sound insulation performance of the glass substrate can be enhanced.
- polyvinyl butyral resin PVB
- This polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) is preferable as a material for the outer layer because it has excellent adhesiveness and penetration resistance.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate resin
- polyvinyl acetal resin which is softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin used for the outer layer, can be used.
- the heating unit 30 will be described in detail based on FIG.
- the heating unit 30 has a power supply unit 31 , a heater 33 , and a conductor 32 connecting the power supply unit 31 and the heater 33 .
- the power supply unit 31 is configured by a pair of power supply units 31a and 31b.
- the power supply portions 31a and 31b are arranged side by side in the extending direction of the upper side 10a, that is, in the left-right direction. Further, the power supply parts 31a and 31b are arranged inside the notch (not shown) formed in the upper side 10a of the second glass plate 12 in the plane direction so as not to be exposed, and , are arranged to be included in the shielding layer 3 (see FIG. 1). Note that the shielding layer 3 is omitted in FIG.
- a heater 33 is connected in series to a pair of power supply units 31a and 31b.
- the conducting wire 32 has a first conducting wire 32a between the power feeding portion 31a and the heater 33, and a second conducting wire 32b between the heater 33 and the feeding portion 31b.
- the heater 33 is arranged along the plate surface of the glass panel 10 in the information acquisition area 15 and receives power supply from the power supply unit 31 to generate heat. As a result, the information acquisition area 15 receives heat from the heater 33 to remove fogging, ice, and the like.
- the heater 33 includes a transparent conductive film 37 covering the information acquisition area 15 and a pair of bus bars 38 and 39, and is configured to be able to heat at least the entire information acquisition area 15. .
- the transparent conductive film 37 is laminated over the entire surface of the base film and generates heat when a voltage is applied to both bus bars 38 and 39 .
- Examples of the material of the transparent conductive film 37 include TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide) such as ITO, SnO 2 doped with Sb or F, zinc oxide doped with Al or Ga, TiO 2 doped with Nb, and tungsten oxide. and a continuous film made of silver, but not limited to these.
- a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged outside the information acquisition area 15 and face each other so as to supply power to the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the first bus bar 38 extends vertically from the upper side 10a toward the lower side 10b
- the second bus bar 39 is arranged on the opposite side of the transparent conductive film 37 from the first bus bar 38. It is
- the transparent conductive film 37 has a rectangular overall shape that overlaps the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 and is wider than the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the heater 33 that generates heat by being supplied with power from the power supply unit 31 has a uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H is composed of a transparent conductive film 37 and a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- uniform heating of the information acquisition region 15 by the uniform heating mechanism H means that, for example, the maximum temperature gradient of the information acquisition region 15 is equal to or less than a predetermined value when the information acquisition region 15 is heated by the uniform heating mechanism H.
- the maximum temperature gradient is preferably 3.0 [°C/mm] or less, more preferably 2.0 [°C/mm] or less.
- the transparent conductive film 37 is arranged so as to cover the entire information acquisition area 15 , and is arranged outside the information acquisition area 15 so as to be continuous with both ends (left side 41 a and right side 41 b ) of the first area 41 . and a pair of second regions 42 , 42 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 has a pair of second regions 42 , 42 on the left and right sides of the first region 41 .
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged facing each other with the first region 41 and the pair of second regions 42 and 42 interposed therebetween.
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 being substantially parallel includes not only the case where the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are parallel, but also the case where the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are inclined within a range of ⁇ 5 degrees.
- a virtual area is defined as a region connecting both ends of the portions where the busbars 38 and 39 and the transparent conductive film 37 are in contact (both ends 38a and 38b of the busbar 38 and both ends 39a and 39b of the busbar 39).
- V The virtual region V is arranged so as to include all of the first region 41 and at least part of the second region 42 of the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the pair of second regions 42 , 42 also extends above and below the first region 41 .
- the pair of second regions 42 , 42 may not extend above and below the first region 41 .
- the virtual area V has an upper side Va (an example of the third side), a lower side Vb (an example of the fourth side), and a right side Vd (an example of the first side) and a left side Vc (an example of the second side).
- a right side Vd and a left side Vc are formed by a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 . That is, in the virtual area V, the right side Vd is the first bus bar 38 and the left side Vc is the second bus bar 39 .
- the rectangular information acquisition area 15 has four sides (upper side 15a, lower side 15b, left side 15c, right side 15d) facing each side of the virtual area V (upper side Va, lower side Vb, left side Vc, right side Vd).
- FIG. 5 shows the temperature distribution in the trapezoidal transparent conductive film 37A as a comparative example
- FIG. 6 shows the temperature distribution in the rectangular transparent conductive film 37 of this embodiment.
- the temperature distribution of the transparent conductive film 37A in FIG. 5 was calculated by simulation, and the temperature distribution of the transparent conductive film 37 in FIG. 6 was measured.
- FIG. 4 shows a heater 33A (heating section 30A) having a transparent conductive film 37A of a comparative example.
- the transparent conductive film 37A has a trapezoidal shape that is substantially the same as the information acquisition area 15, and the pair of bus bars 38A and 39A face each other at positions close to the upper side 15a and the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15. doing.
- the lengths of the pair of bus bars 38A and 39A are set to be the same as the lengths of the upper side 15a and the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15, respectively. 5 and 6, the temperature distribution in the transparent conductive film 37A and the transparent conductive film 37 is shown by the shades of black, and the darker the black, the higher the temperature.
- the temperature is highest in the portion near the upper side (upper base) 37Aa, and the temperature gradually decreases as it approaches the lower side (lower base) 37Ab. Therefore, there is a large temperature difference between the portion near the upper side (upper base) 37Aa, the lower side (lower base) 37Ab, and the portions near the lower portions of the left side 37Ac and the right side 37Ad. Therefore, it is highly possible that the trapezoidal transparent conductive film 37A cannot heat the information acquisition area 15 uniformly.
- the transparent conductive film 37 of the present embodiment (rectangular shape) shown in FIG. 6, the temperature is highest in the central portion, and the temperature gradually decreases toward the upper side 37a, the lower side 37b, the left side 37c, and the right side 37d.
- the area of the central portion where the temperature difference is high and small is large.
- the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 function as the uniform heating mechanism H in this embodiment.
- the information acquisition area 15 facing the photographing device 8 and through which light passes is formed, for example, in a trapezoidal shape in which the length of the upper base is 1/10 or less of the length of the lower base.
- the edge portion of the heater 33 radiates heat to the surrounding area where the heater 33 is not arranged. Therefore, the edge portion of the heater 33 has a larger temperature gradient than other portions.
- the shape of the heater 33 is similar to the information acquisition area 15 and larger than the information acquisition area 15 .
- the intermediate film 13 arranged in the information acquisition area 15 may have temperature unevenness and the refractive index of the intermediate film 13 may locally change.
- the transparent conductive film 37 of the uniform heating mechanism H is provided at both ends of the portion of the pair of bus bars 38, 39 where the bus bars 38, 39 and the transparent conductive film 37 are in contact.
- a virtual area V is formed by connecting them.
- the virtual area V includes a first area 41 covering the information acquisition area 15 and a second area 42 outside the information acquisition area 15 .
- the heater 33 can make the potential gradient of the first region 41 uniform.
- the transparent conductive film 37 has a rectangular shape along the plate surface of the glass panel 10 , the potential gradient can be made uniform in the central portion of the rectangular transparent conductive film 37 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 can uniformly generate heat with respect to the information acquisition area 15 .
- the heater 33 can uniformly heat the information acquisition area 15 by the uniform heating mechanism H.
- the transparent conductive film 37 is attached to the first glass plate 11 or the second glass plate 12 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 is attached to the first glass plate 11, and the first glass plate 11 is to be heated.
- the transparent conductive film 37 since the intermediate film 13 does not exist between the first glass plate 11 and the transparent conductive film 37 , the first glass plate 11 can be efficiently heated by the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the glass plates 11 and 12 have a smaller thermal expansion coefficient and a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film 13 made of resin or the like. Therefore, the heat generated by the transparent conductive film 37 can be effectively transmitted over the entire information acquisition area 15 via the glass plates 11 and 12, so that temperature unevenness in the information acquisition area 15 can be reduced.
- the heater 33 is arranged between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 and is in contact with the intermediate film 13 . Since the intermediate film 13 arranged between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 in the glass module 1 is made of a thermoplastic resin, its refractive index easily changes with temperature changes. However, since the heater 33 has the above-described uniform heating mechanism H, the intermediate film 13 in contact with the heater 33 is uniformly heated by the heater 33, and temperature unevenness can be suppressed.
- a lower side Vb is formed between the ends (lower ends) 38b, 39b of the pair of busbars 38, 39.
- the information acquisition area 15 has a left side 15c and a right side 15d (an example of both sides) extending from both ends of the lower side 15b.
- the angle formed by the pair of busbars 38 and 39 and the lower side Vb in the virtual area V is larger than the angle formed by the lower side 15b and the left side 15c and right side 15d in the information acquisition area 15, and is 90 degrees.
- the glass panel 10 protrudes outward from the upper end and the photographing device 8 is arranged horizontally, so the information acquisition area 15 has a trapezoidal shape.
- the busbars 38 and 39 and the lower side Vb in the virtual area V and the lower side 15b, the left side 15c and the right side 15d in the information acquisition area 15 satisfy the above equations (1) and (2). 39 intervals are equivalent. This makes it easier to dispose the first area 41 covering the entire information acquisition area 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 toward the center of the virtual area V. FIG. Therefore, the uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 can be properly configured by the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H includes a transparent conductive film 37 covering the information acquisition area 15 and a pair of bus bars 38 arranged facing each other with the virtual area V interposed therebetween. 39 and
- the information acquisition area 15 has an upper side 15a that is longer in the horizontal direction than in the first embodiment, and is formed in a trapezoidal shape that is wider in the horizontal direction.
- the virtual area V has a trapezoidal shape in which the upper side Va is shorter than the lower side Vb.
- a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged along the left side 15 c and right side 15 d of the information acquisition area 15 .
- the virtual area V is formed in a trapezoidal shape by the upper side (upper base) Va, the lower side (lower base) Vb, the first bus bar 38 as the right side Vd, and the second bus bar 39 as the left side Vc.
- the virtual area V is trapezoidal instead of rectangular, but the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 formed by the lower side Vb (lower base), the left side Vc (leg) and the right side Vd (leg) are 55°. degree or more and less than 90 degrees. Therefore, the virtual area V has a shape that approximates a rectangle, and the distance between the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 in the virtual area V tends to be equal. Also, the first area 41 covering the entire information acquisition area 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 can be easily arranged near the center of the virtual area V. FIG. Therefore, the uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 can be properly configured by the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- the information acquisition area 15 can be heated uniformly by extending the virtual area V by the heater 33 to the outside of the information acquisition area 15 . Furthermore, in the present embodiment, by making the virtual region V as close to the shape of the trapezoidal information acquisition region 15 as possible, heat radiation loss and power consumption by the heater 33 are suppressed, and the intermediate film 13 in the information acquisition region 15 Occurrence of optical distortion can be suppressed.
- the uniform heating mechanism H in the second embodiment includes a transparent conductive film 37 covering the information acquisition area 15 and a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 arranged above and below the transparent conductive film 37. It is configured.
- a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged outside the information acquisition area 15 and face each other so as to supply power to the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged above and below the information acquisition area 15, respectively.
- the virtual area V has an upper side Va (an example of the first side), a lower side Vb (an example of the second side), and a right side Vd (an example of the third side) and a left side Vc (an example of the fourth side).
- the upper side Va and the lower side Vb are formed by a pair of busbars 38 and 39 . That is, in the present embodiment, in the virtual area V, the upper side Va is the first busbar 38 and the lower side Vb is the second busbar 39 . Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the overall shape of the transparent conductive film 37 is a rectangular shape that overlaps the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 and is wider than the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the transparent conductive film 37 is arranged so as to cover the entire information acquisition area 15 , the first area 41 , and both ends (upper side 41 c and lower side 41 d ) of the first area 41 and arranged outside the information acquisition area 15 . and a pair of second regions 42 , 42 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 has a pair of second regions 42 , 42 above and below the first region 41 .
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged facing each other with the first region 41 and the pair of second regions 42 and 42 interposed therebetween.
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged substantially parallel to each other. Further, the virtual area V is arranged so as to include all of the first area 41 and at least part of the second area 42 . In this embodiment, the pair of second regions 42 , 42 also extends to the left and right of the first region 41 . The pair of second regions 42 , 42 may not extend to the left and right of the first region 41 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 of the uniform heating mechanism H has a first region 41 covering the information acquisition region 15 and a pair of second regions outside the information acquisition region 15 in the virtual region V. regions 42, 42; Thereby, the heater 33 can make the potential gradient of the first region 41 uniform. Further, since the transparent conductive film 37 has a rectangular shape along the plate surface of the glass panel 10 , the potential gradient can be made uniform in the central portion of the rectangular transparent conductive film 37 . Therefore, by arranging the transparent conductive film 37 so that the central portion thereof corresponds to the information acquisition area 15 , the transparent conductive film 37 can uniformly generate heat with respect to the information acquisition area 15 . As a result, the heater 33 can uniformly heat the information acquisition area 15 by the uniform heating mechanism H. FIG.
- the first bus bar 38 is longer than the upper side 15a of the information acquisition area 15 and extends along the upper side 15a.
- the second bus bar 39 is longer than the lower side 15 b of the information acquisition area 15 and is arranged on the side opposite to the first bus bar 38 .
- the ratio of the length of the upper side Va formed by the first busbars 38 to the length of the lower side Vb formed by the second busbars 39 is the upper side 15a to the length of the lower side 15b in the information acquisition area 15. is greater than the ratio of the lengths of and less than or equal to 1.
- the first area 41 covering the entire information acquisition area 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 can be easily arranged near the center of the virtual area V.
- the distance between the ends 38a and 39a of the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 or the distance between the ends 38b and 39b and the distance between the central portions become equal, and the potential in the first region 41 covering the information acquisition region 15 becomes equal. Gradient uniformity is achieved. Therefore, the uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 can be properly configured by the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H includes a transparent conductive film 37 covering the information acquisition area 15, and a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 arranged above and below the transparent conductive film 37.
- this modified example 1 differs from the second embodiment in the following points.
- the left side Vc and right side Vd of the virtual area V are arranged along the left side 15 c and right side 15 d of the information acquisition area 15 .
- the virtual area V is formed in a trapezoidal shape by the first bus bar 38 as the upper side (upper base) Va, the second bus bar 39 as the lower side (lower base) Vb, the left side Vc and the right side Vd. .
- angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 in the virtual region V are angles formed by the bus bar 39 corresponding to the lower side Vb and the left side Vc and the right side Vd.
- Angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are angles formed by the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15 and the left side 15c and right side 15d (an example of both sides) of the information acquisition area 15 extending from both ends of the lower side 15b.
- 55 (degrees) ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 (degrees) (4)
- the first area 41 covering the entire information acquisition area 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 can be easily arranged near the center of the virtual area V.
- the distance between the ends 38a and 39a of the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 or the distance between the ends 38b and 39b and the distance between the central portions become equal, and the potential in the first region 41 covering the information acquisition region 15 becomes equal. Gradient uniformity is achieved. Therefore, the uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 can be properly configured by the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H includes a transparent conductive film 37 covering the information acquisition area 15 and a pair of heating elements arranged above and below the transparent conductive film 37 . It is composed of bus bars 38 and 39 .
- Modification 2 differs from Modification 1 in the following points. That is, the left side Vc and the right side Vd of the virtual area V are not parallel to the left side 15c and the right side 15d of the information acquisition area 15 .
- the overall shape of the transparent conductive film 37 is a rectangular shape that overlaps the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 and is wider than the trapezoidal information acquisition area 15 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the transparent conductive film 37 is arranged so as to cover the entire information acquisition area 15 , the first area 41 , and both ends (upper side 41 c and lower side 41 d ) of the first area 41 and arranged outside the information acquisition area 15 . and a pair of second regions 42 , 42 .
- the transparent conductive film 37 has a pair of second regions 42 , 42 above and below the first region 41 .
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged substantially parallel to each other while facing the upper side 42c and the lower side 42d, which are the outer edges of the pair of second regions 42 and 42, respectively.
- the entirety of the first region 41 and at least part of the pair of second regions 42, 42 are arranged in a virtual region V connecting the ends 38a, 39a, 38b, 39b of the pair of bus bars 38, 39. It is
- angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 in the virtual region V are angles formed by the bus bar 39 corresponding to the lower side Vb and the left side Vc and the right side Vd.
- Angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are angles formed by the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15 and the left side 15c and right side 15d (an example of both sides) of the information acquisition area 15 extending from both ends of the lower side 15b.
- the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are set larger than the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and between 55 degrees and 90 degrees. That is, in the second modification, the settings are made so as to satisfy all of the following equations (9) to (12).
- the first bus bar 38 is longer than the upper side 15a of the information acquisition area 15 and extends along the upper side 15a.
- the second bus bar 39 is longer than the lower side 15 b of the information acquisition area 15 and is arranged on the side opposite to the first bus bar 38 .
- the ratio of the length of the upper side Va formed by the first bus bar 38 to the length of the lower side Vb formed by the second bus bar 39 is the information acquisition area to the length of the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15.
- 15 is larger than the ratio of the length of the upper side 15a of 15 and is 1 or less.
- the first area 41 covering the entire information acquisition area 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 can be easily arranged near the center of the virtual area V.
- the distance between the ends 38a and 39a of the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 or the distance between the ends 38b and 39b and the distance between the central portions become equal, and the potential in the first region 41 covering the information acquisition region 15 becomes equal. Gradient uniformity is achieved. Therefore, the uniform heating mechanism H that uniformly heats the information acquisition area 15 can be properly configured by the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 . Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- a pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged above and below the information acquisition area 15, and the first busbar 38 arranged above the information acquisition area 15 is an information acquisition area. It is configured to be longer than the upper side 15 a of the region 15 . Therefore, the transparent conductive film 37 has the first region 41 in the virtual region V and the second regions 42 on both sides of the first region 41 .
- the first bus bar 38 extends on both end sides of the upper side 15 a of the information acquisition area 15 .
- the first bus bar 38 may extend only on one side (right side or left side) of both ends of the upper side 15 a of the information acquisition area 15 .
- the long side of the two sides As shown in FIG. 12, in the fourth embodiment, of the two sets of two opposing sides (upper side Va and lower side Vb, left side Vc and right side Vd) of the four sides forming the virtual area V, the long side of the two sides With regard to the two sides (upper side Va and lower side Vb) having a smaller ratio of the shorter side to , the shorter side (upper side Va) is the first side, and the longer side (lower side Vb) is the second side.
- the virtual area V is formed in a trapezoidal or rectangular shape.
- the heater 33 can make the potential gradient of the first region 41 covering the information acquisition region 15 uniform, so that the heater 33 can uniformly generate heat in the information acquisition region 15 .
- the information acquisition area 15 can be uniformly heated by the heater 33 .
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged between two sets of two opposing sides (upper side Va and lower side Vb, left side Vc and right side Vd) of the four sides forming the virtual area V. are arranged on two sides with a short distance between
- the upper side Va and the lower side Vb are non-parallel to the left side Vc and the right side Vd. Therefore, in the left side Vc and the right side Vd, the line segment Vg with the minimum length and the line segment Vh with the maximum length, which are perpendicular to the right side Vd and directed to the left side Vc, and the first perpendicular line (line segment Ve ) and the second perpendicular (line segment Vf).
- the average lengths of the line segments Vg and Vh are compared with the average lengths of the line segments Ve and Vf.
- the busbars 38 and 39 are arranged on the upper side Va and the lower side Vb in the virtual area V. It is
- the sheet resistance of the transparent conductive film 37 can be increased as the distance between the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 becomes shorter. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a pair of busbars 38 and 39 are arranged on two opposite sides Va and Vb in the virtual area V that are short in distance. As a result, a predetermined sheet resistance can be easily secured in the transparent conductive film 37, and the film thickness of the transparent conductive film 37 can be reduced. As a result, the transmittance of the virtual area V including the information acquisition area 15 can be increased.
- the information acquisition area 15 can be uniformly heated by extending the virtual area V by the heater 33 to the outside of the information acquisition area 15. Furthermore, by making the virtual region V as close as possible to the shape of the trapezoidal information acquisition region 15, heat radiation loss and power consumption by the heater 33 are suppressed, and optical distortion caused by the intermediate film 13 in the information acquisition region 15 is suppressed. can be suppressed. It should be noted that the above equation (2) is also satisfied in the glass modules 1 of the above-described first to third embodiments.
- the heater 33 composed of the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 was positioned between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 in samples 1 to 9. It is arranged inside the intermediate film 13 . Also, the heater 33 is arranged on the third surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 in the sample 10 , and is arranged on the fourth surface 24 of the second glass plate 12 in the sample 11 .
- the heater 33 is a film heater, and in samples 10 and 11, the heater 33 is composed of a fluorine-doped tin oxide film (Low-E film).
- the glass panel 10 is composed of a first glass plate 11 and a second glass plate 12, and each of the glass plates 11 and 12 is float glass with a thickness of 2 mm.
- a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged on the upper side Va and the lower side Vb of the virtual region V of the transparent conductive film 37, as in the second embodiment (for example, the form shown in FIG. 8). .
- a pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are arranged on the left side Vc and the right side Vd of the virtual region V of the transparent conductive film 37, like the first embodiment (for example, the form shown in FIG. 3).
- the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 in the virtual region V of the heater 33 shown in FIG. 7, the lengths of each line segment (“A”, “B”, “ C", "D"), etc. are as shown in the table of FIG.
- the maximum temperature gradients of samples 1 to 11 were calculated based on the surface temperature of the samples measured using a thermography camera.
- the distance between the thermography camera and each sample was set to 850 mm, and the mounting angle of the samples was set to 80 degrees from the horizontal.
- the maximum temperature gradient of each of Samples 1 to 11 was calculated by selecting the portion of the temperature profile (temperature curve) of a predetermined length on a straight line including the position of the maximum temperature in each sample, where the gradient is maximum.
- the camera samples 1 to 11, and the visually recognized target were arranged on a straight line.
- a target a plate material having a lattice pattern on the surface shown in FIG. 14A was prepared.
- the distance between camera and sample was set to 600 mm and the distance between sample and target was set to 4000 mm.
- the sample and target were arranged perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and after the sample was energized, the focused target was photographed with a camera.
- a current was passed between the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 so that the output per unit area was about 1000 W/m 2 .
- FIG. 14B shows the photographed image of sample 1 (judgment “ ⁇ ”) during energization
- FIG. 14C shows the photographed image of sample 5 (judgment “x”) during energization.
- the virtual area V includes the information acquisition area 15 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H of the heater 33 uniformly heats the information acquisition region 15 when the maximum temperature gradient of the virtual region V is 3.0 [° C./mm] or less while the information acquisition region 15 is heated. It can be said that it is heated. Further, the uniform heating mechanism H preferably has a maximum temperature gradient of 2.0 [° C./mm] or less in the information acquisition area 15 in order to acquire a photographed image with less perspective distortion from the information acquisition area 15 .
- the uniform heating mechanism H in the fifth embodiment comprises a transparent conductive film 37 including a rectangular area 43 and a pair of widened areas 44, 44, and a pair of bus bars 38, 39. .
- a rectangular area 43 of the transparent conductive film 37 covers at least the information acquisition area 15 .
- the widened area 44 is arranged around the information acquisition area 15 including the information acquisition area 15 .
- the pair of widened areas 44, 44 extend in a direction away from the information acquisition area 15 continuously to the left side 43a and the right side 43b of the rectangular area 43 outside the information acquisition area 15, and extend from the left side 43a or the right side 43b.
- the width in the direction along the left side 43a or the right side 43b increases as the distance increases.
- the pair of busbars 38 and 39 are composed of first portions 51 and 52 arranged parallel to each other with a rectangular region 43 interposed therebetween, and second portions 53 and 53 extending from both ends of the first portions 51 and 52 . 54 and .
- the second portions 53 and 54 are curved so that the shortest distances to the sides (the left side 43a or the right side 43b) of the rectangular area 43 are the same.
- the pair of widened regions 44, 44 are formed in a trapezoidal shape with the left side 43a or right side 43b of the rectangular region 43 as the upper base and the left side 44a or right side 44b of the widened regions 44, 44 as the lower base. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the width of the transparent conductive film 37 (enlarged regions 44, 44) outside the information acquisition region 15 is wider than the width of the rectangular transparent conductive film 37 (rectangular region 43) covering the information acquisition region 15. big.
- the area heated by the heater 33 is expanded to the periphery of the information acquisition area 15, so heat radiation from the information acquisition area 15 is suppressed.
- the intermediate film 13 arranged in the information acquisition area 15 can suppress temperature unevenness due to heat radiation from the periphery thereof.
- the second portions 53 and 54 of the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 are curved so that the shortest distances to the left side 43a or the right side 43b of the rectangular area 43 are equal, the second portions 53 and 54 provide the rectangular area 43 with the same shortest distance. can be uniformly heated near the left side 43a and the right side 43b.
- the uniform heating mechanism H in the sixth embodiment is constructed by laminating a transparent substrate 46 having a smaller linear thermal expansion coefficient than the intermediate film 13 on one surface of the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the transparent base material 46 can be made of, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate resin, or polycarbonate resin.
- An adhesive layer is arranged between the transparent conductive film 37 and the transparent substrate 46, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB), for example, is used for the adhesive layer.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the adhesion layer using PVB can be made, for example, 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the heater 33 is arranged between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, and one of the transparent conductive film 37 and the transparent substrate 46 is connected to the first glass plate 11 or the second glass plate 12. , and the other is arranged on the intermediate film 13 side.
- the transparent conductive film 37 is arranged on the first glass plate 11 side
- the transparent substrate 46 is arranged on the intermediate film 13 side.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the transparent base material 46 laminated on one side of the transparent conductive film 37 has a smaller coefficient of linear thermal expansion than the intermediate film 13 , so that the difference in refractive index due to uneven heating is smaller than that of the intermediate film 13 .
- Hard to come by By interposing the transparent base material 46, which hardly causes a refractive index difference, between the transparent conductive film 37 and the glass plates 11, 12 or the intermediate film 13, the transparent base material 46 is preferentially heated while maintaining its original shape. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the intermediate film 13 to be heated by the transparent conductive film 37 . Thereby, temperature unevenness can be suppressed in the intermediate film 13 and optical distortion can be prevented.
- the heater 33 has heating wires 34 as shown in FIGS.
- the uniform heating mechanism H is composed of a heating wire 34 and a thermal diffusion layer 48 arranged between the heating wire 34 and the intermediate film 13 and having a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film 13 .
- the heat spreading layer 48 can be made of polyethylene, for example.
- the thermal diffusion layer 48 is formed by providing a metal layer on the opposite side of the heating wire 34, mixing a filler with good thermal diffusion into the base material, coating the heating wire 34 with epoxy resin, or the like. can enhance sexuality.
- the thermal diffusion layer 48 is arranged so as to cover at least the entire information acquisition area 15 . In this embodiment, the thermal diffusion layer 48 is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view.
- the heat diffusion layer 48 may have a shape other than a rectangle as long as it covers the entire information acquisition area 15 . Also, the thermal diffusion layer 48 preferably has a smaller volumetric expansion coefficient than the intermediate film 13 . Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the heating wire 34 (heater 33) is folded back at a plurality of points at intervals and formed to pass through the information acquisition area 15 and its periphery.
- the heating wire 34 in this embodiment includes a plurality of first heating wires 35 extending in parallel within the information acquisition region 15 and a plurality of first heating wires 35 outside the information acquisition region 15. and a connecting second heating wire 36 .
- the plurality of first heating wires 35 are arranged so as to be parallel to the upper side 10a of the glass panel 10 .
- the line width of the second heating wire 36 is larger than the line width of the first heating wire 35 .
- the first heating line 35 is four horizontal line portions 35 a, 35 b, 35 c, and 35 d linearly extending in the left-right direction within the information acquisition area 15 .
- the first horizontal wire portion 35a is connected to the first conductor wire 32a led out from the feeding portion 31a, and the second horizontal wire portion 35b, the third horizontal wire portion 35c, and the fourth horizontal wire portion 35d are arranged in order toward the upper side 10a.
- the second heating wire 36 is arranged between the first vertical wire portion 36a arranged between the first horizontal wire portion 35a and the second horizontal wire portion 35b, and between the second horizontal wire portion 35b and the third horizontal wire portion 35c.
- the heating wire 34 of the heater 33 includes a portion of the first conductor 32a extending along the first horizontal wire portion 35a and a portion of the second conductor 32b extending along the fourth horizontal wire portion 35d.
- the heater 33 is composed of the heating wire 34
- a temperature difference occurs between the area where the heating wire 34 exists and the area where the heating wire 34 does not exist.
- the thermal diffusion layer 48 which is arranged between the heating wire 34 and the intermediate film 13 and has a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film 13
- the temperature distribution in the information acquisition area 15 can be made uniform.
- the temperature distribution is made uniform in the intermediate film 13 as well, so that optical distortion caused by the intermediate film 13 can be suppressed.
- the thermal diffusion layer 48 has a smaller volume expansion coefficient than the intermediate film 13 , the thermal diffusion layer 48 can be stably arranged between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 .
- the heating wire 34 (first heating wire 35) is attached to the first glass plate 11 or the second glass plate 12.
- the heating wire 34 (first heating wire 35 ) is attached to the first glass plate 11 .
- the intermediate film 13 does not exist between the first glass plate 11 to be heated and the heating wire 34 , so the first glass plate 11 can be efficiently heated by the heating wire 34 .
- the glass plates 11 and 12 have a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher thermal conductivity than the intermediate film 13 made of thermoplastic resin. Therefore, the heat generated by the heating wire 34 can be effectively transmitted over the entire information acquisition area 15 via the glass plates 11 and 12, so that temperature unevenness in the information acquisition area 15 can be reduced.
- the heating wire 34 is configured such that the wire width of the first heating wire 35 is smaller than the wire width of the second heating wire 36 .
- the resistance of the second heating wire 36 itself becomes smaller than the resistance of the first heating wire 35 itself when the entire heating wire 34 is made of the same conductive material.
- the amount of heat generated by the second heating wire 36 can be suppressed more than the amount of heat generated by the first heating wire 35 , so that the information acquisition area 15 can be efficiently heated by the heating wire 34 and the thermal diffusion layer 48 .
- the width of the second heating wire 36 may be the same as that of the first heating wire 35 in the heating wire 34 .
- the glass module 1 is used for the windshield of the vehicle in the above embodiment, the glass module 1 may be used for the rear glass or side glass of the vehicle.
- the uniform heating mechanism H is preferably configured so that the resistance value of the heater 33 in the information acquisition area 15 and the current density flowing through the heater 33 in the information acquisition area 15 are uniform.
- the potential gradient of the information acquisition region 15 becomes uniform, so that the heater 33 can uniformly generate heat in the information acquisition region 15.
- the information acquisition area 15 can be uniformly heated by the heater 33 .
- uniformity of the resistance value of the heater 33 means, for example, that the variation width of the sheet resistance of the heater 33 is within ⁇ 15% of a predetermined value. In order to make the resistance value of the heater 33 uniform, it is more preferable that the fluctuation width of the sheet resistance of the heater 33 is within ⁇ 10% of the predetermined value.
- the information acquisition area 15 of the glass module 1 is arranged at a position close to the upper side 10 a of the glass panel 10 .
- the information acquisition area 15 has a trapezoidal shape with the upper side 15a as the upper base and the lower side 15b as the lower base.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are larger than the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 formed by the lower side 15b and the left side 15c and right side 15d of the information acquisition area 15 and are 90 degrees or less.
- the information acquisition area 15 may have an inverted trapezoidal shape in which the upper side 15a is longer than the lower side 15b. In that case, the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 may be smaller than the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and may be set to 90 degrees or more. Even with this configuration, the distance between the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 becomes more equal, and the first region 41 covering the entire information acquisition region 15 in the transparent conductive film 37 can be easily arranged near the center of the virtual region V. Become.
- the information acquisition area 15 has a trapezoidal shape with the upper side 15a as the upper base and the lower side 15b as the lower base.
- the ratio of the length L1 of the upper side Va formed by the first bus bar 38 to the length L2 is greater than the ratio of the length W1 of the upper side 15a to the length W2 of the lower side 15b in the information acquisition area 15, and is 1 or less. I gave an example.
- the information acquisition area 15 may have an inverted trapezoidal shape in which the upper side 15a is longer than the lower side 15b.
- the ratio of the length L2 of the lower side vb to the length L1 of the upper side Va in the virtual area V is the ratio of the length W2 of the lower side 15b of the information acquisition area 15 to the length W1 of the upper side 15a of the information acquisition area 15.
- the shape of the information acquisition area 15 and the shape of the heater 33 are trapezoidal. Other shapes, such as elliptical, are also possible.
- the heater 33 of the unit 30 may be configured to be connected to the harness 61 .
- One end of the harness 61 is connected to the transparent conductive film 37 , and the other end is drawn out of the glass panel 10 via between the intermediate film 13 and the second glass plate 12 .
- the heater 33 of the heating unit 30 is composed of the transparent conductive film 37, and illustration of the first bus bar 38 and the second bus bar 39 is omitted.
- the heater 33 may be configured by a heating wire 34 .
- the heater 33 may be arranged on the third surface 23 of the second glass plate 12 . pulled outwards.
- the heater 33 for heating the information acquisition area 15 is arranged on the second surface 22 of the glass panel 10, but the heater 33 is placed on the third surface 23 or fourth surface 24. may be placed.
- a bracket (not shown, hereinafter abbreviated as “bracket”) for holding the photographing device 8 is separately fixed to the fourth surface 24 .
- the bracket it is preferable that the bracket be fixed at a position that does not overlap the heater 33 as much as possible.
- the brackets may be fixed at positions that do not overlap the busbars 38 and 39 in the heater 33 or at positions that do not overlap the transparent conductive film 37 .
- the bracket can also be arranged on the outer peripheral side of the heater 33 . In this case, the heater 33 can be easily arranged in the information acquisition area 15 , so that the heater 33 can effectively heat the information acquisition area 15 .
- the heater 33 is composed of the transparent conductive film 37 and the pair of bus bars 38, 39.
- the pair of bus bars 38 and 39 may be made of the same material as the heating wire (lead wire).
- each of the pair of busbars 38 and 39 is composed of one continuous busbar.
- a configuration in which one is divided along a side portion arranged in the virtual area V may be used.
- the busbars 38 and 39 are formed linearly. It may be curved with a convex curvature in the direction.
- the present invention can be widely used in vehicle glass modules having a heating section that heats an information acquisition area.
- vehicle glass module 8 imaging device (information acquisition device) 10: glass panel 11: first glass plate 12: second glass plate 13: intermediate film 15: information acquisition area 21: first surface 22: second surface 23: third surface 24: fourth surface 30: heating unit 31 : Power supply part 32 : Lead wire 33 : Heater 34 : Heating wire 35 : First heating wire 36 : Second heating wire 37 : Transparent conductive film 38 : First bus bar 39 : Second bus bar 41 : First region 42 : Second region 43: Rectangular area 44: Expanded area 46: Transparent substrate 48: Thermal diffusion layers 51, 52: First parts 53, 54: Second part 61: Harness H: Uniform heating mechanism V: Virtual area Va: Upper side Vb: Lower side Vc: Left side Vd: Right side ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2: Interior angles of information acquisition region ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2: Interior angles of virtual region
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Abstract
Description
〔数1〕
(A/B)×(C/D)≧0.2
図1に示されるように、本実施形態に係る車両用ガラスモジュール1(以下、「ガラスモジュール1」と称する。)は、ガラスパネル10及び加熱部30を備える。図2に示されるように、ガラスパネル10は、車外側の第1ガラス板11と車内側の第2ガラス板12とが対向して配置されて構成されている。ガラスパネル10は、第1ガラス板11及び第2ガラス板12が中間膜13により接合された合わせガラスである。中間膜13は、後述の導線32及びヒーター33の発熱領域を含む接着層によって構成されている。加熱部30は、ガラスパネル10に設けられる後述の情報取得領域15を加熱するためのものである。
α1<β1=90(度) ・・・(1)
α2<β2=90(度) ・・・(2)
図7に示されるように、本変形例においても、均一加熱機構Hは、情報取得領域15を覆う透明導電膜37と、仮想領域Vを挟んで対向した状態で配置された一対のバスバー38,39と、によって構成されている。ただし、本変形例では、以下の点で第1実施形態とは異なる。情報取得領域15は、第1実施形態よりも左右方向に長い上辺15aを有して左右方向に幅広の台形状に形成されている。仮想領域Vは、上辺Vaが下辺Vbよりも短い台形状である。一対のバスバー38,39は、情報取得領域15の左辺15c及び右辺15dに沿うように配置されている。こうして、仮想領域Vは、上辺(上底)Va及び下辺(下底)Vbと、右辺Vdとしての第1バスバー38と、左辺Vcとして第2バスバー39と、によって台形状に形成されている。
55(度)≦α1=β1<90(度) ・・・(3)
55(度)≦α2=β2<90(度) ・・・(4)
図8に示されるように、第2実施形態における均一加熱機構Hは、情報取得領域15を覆う透明導電膜37と、透明導電膜37の上下に配置された一対のバスバー38,39と、によって構成されている。一対のバスバー38,39は、情報取得領域15外に配置され、透明導電膜37に電力を供給するように対向して配置されている。本実施形態では、一対のバスバー38,39は、情報取得領域15の上方及び下方に夫々配置されている。仮想領域Vは、上辺Va(第1辺の一例)及び下辺Vb(第2辺の一例)と、右辺Vd(第3辺の一例)及び左辺Vc(第4辺の一例)と、を有する。上辺Va及び下辺Vbは、一対のバスバー38,39によって形成される。すなわち、本実施形態では、仮想領域Vにおいて、上辺Vaが第1バスバー38であり、下辺Vbが第2バスバー39である。他の構成は第1実施形態と同じである。
α1<β1=90(度) ・・・(1)
α2<β2=90(度) ・・・(2)
W1<L1 ・・・(5)
W2<L2 ・・・(6)
(W1/W2)<(L1/L2)=1 ・・・(7)
図9に示されるように、本変形例1においても、均一加熱機構Hは、情報取得領域15を覆う透明導電膜37と、透明導電膜37の上下に配置された一対のバスバー38,39と、によって構成されている。ただし、本変形例1では、以下の点で第2実施形態とは異なる。仮想領域Vの左辺Vc及び右辺Vdは、情報取得領域15の左辺15c及び右辺15dに沿うように配置されている。こうして、仮想領域Vは、上辺(上底)Vaとしての第1バスバー38、下辺(下底)Vbしての第2バスバー39と、左辺Vc及び右辺Vdと、によって台形状に形成されている。
55(度)≦α1=β1<90(度) ・・・(3)
55(度)≦α2=β2<90(度) ・・・(4)
W1<L1 ・・・(5)
W2<L2 ・・・(6)
(W1/W2)=(L1/L2)<1 ・・・(8)
図10に示されるように、本変形例2においても変形例1と同じく、均一加熱機構Hは、情報取得領域15を覆う透明導電膜37と、透明導電膜37の上下に配置された一対のバスバー38,39と、によって構成されている。ただし、本変形例2では、以下の点で変形例1とは異なる。すなわち、仮想領域Vの左辺Vc及び右辺Vdは、情報取得領域15の左辺15c及び右辺15dとは非平行である。
α1<β1 ・・・(9)
55(度)≦β1<90(度) ・・・(10)
α2<β2 ・・・(11)
55(度)≦β2<90(度) ・・・(12)
W1<L1 ・・・(5)
W2<L2 ・・・(6)
(W1/W2)<(L1/L2)≦1 ・・・(13)
図示しないが、第2実施形態の変形例1及び2において、一対のバスバー38,39は、情報取得領域15の左辺15c及び右辺15dに沿うように、仮想領域Vの左辺Vc及び右辺Vdに配置されていてもよい。
図11に示されるように、第3実施形態では、一対のバスバー38,39が情報取得領域15の上下に配置されるとともに、情報取得領域15の上方に配置される第1バスバー38が情報取得領域15の上辺15aよりも長くなるように構成されている。したがって、透明導電膜37は、仮想領域Vに、第1領域41と、第1領域41の両側に第2領域42と、を有する。
図12に示されるように、第4実施形態では、仮想領域Vを形成する四辺において対向する2組の二辺(上辺Va及び下辺Vb、左辺Vc及び右辺Vd)のうち、二辺における長辺に対する短辺の比率が小さい方の二辺(上辺Va及び下辺Vb)について、短辺(上辺Va)を第1辺とし、長辺(下辺Vb)を第2辺とする。また、第1辺(上辺Va)の長さをA、第2辺(下辺Vb)の長さをBと仮定し、第2辺(下辺Vb)に対する垂線であって第1辺(上辺Va)の両端の夫々と第2辺(下辺Vb)とを最短距離で結ぶ2つの線分(線分Ve,Vf)について、線分の長さが短い方(線分Ve)を第1垂線、線分の長さが長い方(線分Vf)を第2垂線とする。そして、第1垂線(線分Ve)の長さをC、第2垂線(線分Vf)の長さをDと仮定したときに、第1辺(上辺Va)の長さA及び第2辺(下辺Vb)の長さBと、第1垂線(線分Ve)の長さC及び第2垂線(線分Vf)の長さDと、は、下記数2式を満たすように仮想領域Vが形成されている。
〔数2〕
(A/B)×(C/D)≧0.20
図13の表に示されるサンプル1~11について、電力密度、最大温度勾配を算出し、図14Aに示すターゲットをカメラ(撮影装置8)によって撮影した際の撮影画像における透視歪(光学歪)の影響を確認した。図13の表に示される通り、透明導電膜37と一対のバスバー38,39とによって構成されるヒーター33は、サンプル1~9では第1ガラス板11と第2ガラス板12との間に位置する中間膜13の内部に配置されている。また、ヒーター33は、サンプル10では第2ガラス板12の第3面23に配置され、サンプル11では第2ガラス板12の第4面24に配置されている。また、サンプル1~9では、ヒーター33がフィルムヒーターであり、サンプル10,11では、ヒーター33がフッ素ドープ酸化スズ膜(Low-E膜)によって構成されている。ガラスパネル10は第1ガラス板11及び第2ガラス板12によって構成されており、ガラス板11,12は夫々の厚みが2mmのフロートガラスである。
図15に示されるように、第5実施形態における均一加熱機構Hは、矩形領域43及び一対の拡幅領域44,44を含む透明導電膜37と、一対のバスバー38,39とによって構成されている。透明導電膜37の矩形領域43は、少なくとも情報取得領域15を覆う。拡幅領域44は、本実施形態では、矩形領域43は情報取得領域15を含み情報取得領域15の周囲全てに亘って配置されている。一対の拡幅領域44,44は、情報取得領域15の外方において、矩形領域43の左辺43a及び右辺43bに連続して情報取得領域15から離れる方向に延設されて、左辺43a又は右辺43bから離れるほど左辺43a又は右辺43bに沿う方向の幅が拡がる。一対のバスバー38,39は、矩形領域43を挟んで対向した状態で夫々が平行に配置される第1部分51,52と、第1部分51,52の両端から延在した第2部分53,54と、を有する。第2部分53,54は、矩形領域43の辺部(左辺43aまたは右辺43b)との最短距離が等しくなるように湾曲している。一対の拡幅領域44,44は、矩形領域43の左辺43aまたは右辺43bを上底とし、拡幅領域44,44の左辺44a又は右辺44bを下底とする台形状に形成されている。他の構成は第1実施形態と同じである。
また、一対のバスバー38,39の第2部分53,54が矩形領域43の左辺43a又は右辺43bとの最短距離が等しくなるように湾曲しているので、第2部分53,54によって矩形領域43の左辺43a及び右辺43b近くを均等に加熱できる。
図16に示されるように、第6実施形態における均一加熱機構Hは、透明導電膜37の一方面に中間膜13より線熱膨張率が小さい透明基材46が積層されて構成されている。透明基材46は、例えばポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂、ポリカーボネイト樹脂によって構成できる。透明導電膜37と透明基材46の間には接着層が配置され、接着層には例えばポリビニルブチラール(PVB)が用いられる。PVBを用いた接着層は例えば50μm以下にできる。このように、接着層の厚みが薄いことから、接着層は熱伝導の妨げになり難く、接着層において屈折率の変化も生じ難い。ヒーター33は、第1ガラス板11と第2ガラス板12との間に配置されるとともに、透明導電膜37及び透明基材46のうち、一方が第1ガラス板11または第2ガラス板12の側に配置され、他方が中間膜13の側に配置されている。図16の例では、透明導電膜37が第1ガラス板11の側に配置され、透明基材46が中間膜13の側に配置されている。他の構成は第1実施形態と同じである。
第7実施形態では、図17及び図18に示されるように、ヒーター33が加熱線34を有している。均一加熱機構Hは、加熱線34と、加熱線34と中間膜13との間に配置されて中間膜13より熱伝導率の高い熱拡散層48とによって構成されている。熱拡散層48は、例えばポリエチレンによって構成できる。熱拡散層48は、加熱線34の反対側に金属層を設けたり、基材に熱拡散性の良いフィラーを混入させたり、エポキシ樹脂で加熱線34を被覆したり等することで、熱伝導性を高めることができる。熱拡散層48は、少なくとも情報取得領域15の全体を覆うように配置されている。本実施形態では、平面視において熱拡散層48が矩形状に形成されている。熱拡散層48は情報取得領域15の全体を覆う形状であれば、矩形以外の形状でもよい。また、熱拡散層48は、中間膜13よりも体積膨張率が小さい方が好ましい。他の構成は第1実施形態と同じである。
(1)上記の実施形態では、ガラスモジュール1を車両のフロントガラスに用いる例を示したが、ガラスモジュール1は車両のリアガラスやサイドガラスに用いてもよい。
8 :撮影装置(情報取得装置)
10 :ガラスパネル
11 :第1ガラス板
12 :第2ガラス板
13 :中間膜
15 :情報取得領域
21 :第1面
22 :第2面
23 :第3面
24 :第4面
30 :加熱部
31 :給電部
32 :導線
33 :ヒーター
34 :加熱線
35 :第一加熱線
36 :第二加熱線
37 :透明導電膜
38 :第1バスバー
39 :第2バスバー
41 :第1領域
42 :第2領域
43 :矩形領域
44 :拡幅領域
46 :透明基材
48 :熱拡散層
51,52:第1部分
53,54:第2部分
61 :ハーネス
H :均一加熱機構
V :仮想領域
Va :上辺
Vb :下辺
Vc :左辺
Vd :右辺
α1,α2:情報取得領域の内角
β1,β2:仮想領域の内角
Claims (14)
- 車外の光を受光可能な情報取得装置を車内側で支持する車両用ガラスモジュールであって、
前記情報取得装置と対向し前記光が通過する情報取得領域を有するガラスパネルと、
前記ガラスパネルのうち、少なくとも前記情報取得領域を加熱する加熱部と、を備え、
前記ガラスパネルは、車外側の第1ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板と対向する車内側の第2ガラス板と、前記第1ガラス板と前記第2ガラス板との間に配置され、熱可塑性樹脂からなる中間膜と、を有し、
前記加熱部は、前記ガラスパネルに配置される給電部と、前記情報取得領域において前記ガラスパネルの板面に沿って配置され、前記給電部から電力供給を受けて発熱するヒーターと、を有し、
前記ヒーターは、少なくとも前記情報取得領域の全体を加熱可能に構成されており、前記情報取得領域を均一に加熱する均一加熱機構を有する車両用ガラスモジュール。 - 前記均一加熱機構は、前記情報取得領域における前記ヒーターの抵抗値、及び、前記情報取得領域における前記ヒーターに流れる電流密度が均一になるように構成されている請求項1に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記均一加熱機構は、透明導電膜と、前記透明導電膜に電力を供給する一対のバスバーを有しており、
前記透明導電膜は、前記情報取得領域の全体を覆うように配置される第1領域と、前記第1領域に連続し前記情報取得領域外に配置される第2領域と、を含み、
一対の前記バスバーは、前記第1領域及び前記第2領域を挟んで対向した状態で夫々が配置され、且つ、一対の当該バスバーにおいて前記透明導電膜と接する部位の両端同士を結んだ仮想領域に前記第1領域の全部と前記第2領域の少なくとも一部とが含まれるように配置されている請求項1又は2に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。 - 前記仮想領域を形成する四辺において対向する2組の二辺のうち、二辺における長辺に対する短辺の比率が小さい方の二辺について、短辺を第1辺とし、長辺を第2辺とし、前記第1辺の長さをA、前記第2辺の長さをBと仮定し、前記第2辺に対する垂線であって前記第1辺の両端の夫々と前記第2辺とを最短距離で結ぶ2つの線分について、線分の長さが短い方を第1垂線、線分の長さが長い方を第2垂線とし、前記第1垂線の長さをC、前記第2垂線の長さをDと仮定したときに、下記式を満たす、請求項3に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
〔数1〕
(A/B)×(C/D)≧0.20 - 一対の前記バスバーは、前記仮想領域を形成する四辺において対向する2組の二辺のうち、二辺間の距離が短い二辺に配置されている請求項3又は4に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記透明導電膜は、前記ガラスパネルの板面に沿った矩形状に形成されている請求項3から5のいずれか一項に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記均一加熱機構は、透明導電膜と、前記透明導電膜に電力を供給する一対のバスバーとを有しており、
前記透明導電膜は、少なくとも前記情報取得領域を覆う矩形領域と、前記情報取得領域外において、前記矩形領域の両側の辺部に連続して延設されて、前記辺部から離れるほど当該辺部の沿う方向の幅が拡がる一対の拡幅領域と、を含み、
一対の前記バスバーは、前記矩形領域を挟んで対向した状態で夫々が平行に配置される第1部分と、前記第1部分の両端から延在した第2部分とを有し、前記第2部分は、前記矩形領域の前記辺部との最短距離が等しくなるように湾曲している請求項1又は2に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。 - 前記透明導電膜の一方面に前記中間膜より線熱膨張率が小さい透明基材が積層されており、
前記ヒーターは、前記第1ガラス板と前記第2ガラス板との間に配置されるとともに、前記透明導電膜及び前記透明基材のうち、一方が前記第1ガラス板または前記第2ガラス板の側に配置され、他方が前記中間膜の側に配置されている請求項3から7のいずれか一項に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。 - 前記透明導電膜は、前記第1ガラス板または前記第2ガラス板に貼り付けられている請求項3から8のいずれか一項に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記ヒーターは、前記第1ガラス板と前記第2ガラス板との間に配置されて前記中間膜に接している請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記ヒーターは加熱線を有しており、
前記均一加熱機構は、前記加熱線と前記中間膜との間に配置されて前記中間膜より熱伝導率の高い熱拡散層を更に有しており、
前記熱拡散層は、少なくとも前記情報取得領域の全体を覆うように配置されている請求項1又は2に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。 - 前記熱拡散層は、前記中間膜よりも体積膨張率が小さい請求項11に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記加熱線は、前記第1ガラス板または前記第2ガラス板に貼り付けられている請求項11または12に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
- 前記ガラスパネルの周縁領域に配置され、前記情報取得領域に対応する位置に開口部を有する遮蔽層をさらに備え、
前記給電部が前記遮蔽層によって覆われている請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の車両用ガラスモジュール。
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