Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
  • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
  • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides

Definitions

• the present invention relates to agrochemically active herbicidal compositions and their use for controlling harmful plants.
• Cinmethyline (CAS RN 87818-31-3) is a racemic mixture of (+/-)-2-exo-(2-methylbenzyloxy)-l-methyl-4-isopropyl-7-oxabicyclo[2. 2. l]heptane.
• the ratio of the two enantiomers to one another is approximately the same.
• the preparation of the enantiomerically enriched compounds is known from EP 0 081 893 A2.
• Ethofumesate (CAS 26225-79-6) is a chemical compound from the benzofuran group used as a selective systemic herbicide.
• Herbicidal compositions containing cinmethyline and other herbicides are known from various publications, for example: WO 2017/009054 A1, WO 2017/009056 A1, WO 2017/009060 A1, WO 2017/009061 A1, WO 2017/009089 A1, WO 2017/009090 A1, WO 2017/009092 A1, WO 2017/009095 A1, WO2017009124A1, WO 2017/009134 A1, WO 2017/009137 A1, WO 2017/009138 A1, WO 2017/009139 A1, WO 2017/009140 A1, WO 09142/ WO 09140 A1 A1, WO 2017/009143 A1, WO 20177009144 A1, WO 2017/009145 A1, WO 2017/009146 A1, WO 2017/009147 A1.
• herbicidal compositions extend the spectrum of weeds to be controlled compared to the respective individual active ingredients, but without opening up further possible uses, such as use in other crops of useful plants or shifting the period of use.
• These herbicidal compositions known from the prior art also do not solve the problem of the increasing development of resistance in harmful plants to herbicidal active ingredients from the series of HPPD inhibitors, to which cinmethyline also belongs. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide further herbicidal compositions which make it possible to effectively control unwanted plants in various crops of useful plants in user-friendly time frames.
• the present invention thus relates to herbicidal compositions containing
• herbicidal compositions according to the invention can also contain other components, for example other types of crop protection active ingredients and/or additives and/or formulation auxiliaries customary in crop protection, or can be used together with these. Preference is given to herbicidal compositions containing cinmethyline and ethofumesate as the sole agrochemical active ingredients.
• the herbicidal compositions according to the invention show not only a synergistic effect against unwanted harmful plants, but also other special properties: They can be applied against unwanted harmful plants in crops of useful plants over a wide period of time without the useful plants being significantly damaged.
• the herbicidal compositions according to the invention can be applied in a manner known to those skilled in the art, for example together (for example as a co-formulation or as a tank mixture) or also in quick succession (splitting), e.g. to the plants, parts of plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow. It is possible, for example, to apply the individual active ingredients or the herbicidal compositions in several portions (sequential application), e.g. B. after pre-emergence applications followed by post-emergence applications or after early post-emergence applications followed by mid or late post-emergence applications. Preference is given here to the joint or timely application of components A and B. Application in the pre-emergence to early post-emergence process is also preferred.
• the present invention is therefore also a method for controlling unwanted plants in plant cultures, which is characterized in that components A and B of the herbicidal compositions according to the invention on the plants (e.g. harmful plants such as monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds or unwanted crops), or the area where the plants grow are applied, e.g. together or separately.
• components A and B of the herbicidal compositions according to the invention on the plants e.g. harmful plants such as monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds or unwanted crops
• the area where the plants grow are applied, e.g. together or separately.
• Undesirable plants are understood to mean all plants that grow in places where they are undesired. These can be, for example, harmful plants (e.g. monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous weeds or undesired crop plants).
• Monocot weeds come from the genera Echinochloa, Setaria, Panicum, Digitaria, Phleum, Poa, Festuca, Eleusine, Brachiaria, Lolium, Bromus, Avena, Cyperus, Sorghum, Agropyron, Cynodon, Monochoria, Fimbristylis, Sagittaria, Eleocharis, Scirpus, Paspalum, Ischaemum, Sphenoclea, Dactyloctenium, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera.
• the herbicidal compositions according to the invention can be prepared by known methods, e.g. as mixed formulations of the individual components, optionally with other active ingredients, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, which are then used diluted in the usual manner with water, or as so-called tank mixes by joint dilution of the separately formulated or partially separately formulated individual components are produced with water. It is also possible to apply the separately formulated or partially separately formulated individual components at different times (split application). It is also possible to use the individual components or the herbicidal compositions in several portions (sequential application), e.g. B. after pre-emergence applications followed by post-emergence applications or after early post-emergence applications followed by mid or late post-emergence applications. Preference is given to the joint or timely use of the active ingredients of the respective combination.
• Another subject of the present invention are herbicidal compositions containing
• herbicidal compositions containing as sole herbicidal active ingredients
• the application rate of the safener (component C) is usually 10 to 500 g of active substance (a.i.) per hectare, preferably 50 to 250 g a. i./ha.
• Sl a compounds of the type of dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid (Sl a ), preferably Compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl- 2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (SI-1) ("mefenpyr-diethyl”), and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/07874;
• SI b Derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazole carboxylic acid (SI b ), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (SI-2), l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole Ethyl 3-carboxylate (S1-3), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate (SI-4) and related compounds as described in EP -A-333 131 and EP-A-269 806;
• Sl c derivatives of l,5-diphenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (Sl c ), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (S1-5), l-(2 -chlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (SI-6) and related compounds such as are described in EP-A-268554;
• Sl d compounds of the type of triazole carboxylic acids (Sl d ), preferably compounds such as
• Fenchlorazole ethyl ester
• SI-7 Fenchlorazole
• Sl e compounds of the 5-benzyl- or 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid type, or 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid (Sl e ), preferably compounds such as 5-( ethyl 2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-8) or
• S2a Compounds of the type of 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid ( S2a ), preferably (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetic acid (1-methylhexyl) ester ("cloquintocet-mexyl") (S2-1), (5- Chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetic acid (1,3-dimethyl-but-1-yl) ester (S2-2),
• R-29148 (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2), "R-28725" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl- l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-3), "Benoxacor” (4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-l,4-benzoxazine) (S3-4),
• PPG-1292 N-allyl-N-[(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-methyl]-dichloroacetamide
• AD-67 or "MON 4660” (3-dichloroacetyl-l-oxa-3-aza-spiro[4,5]decane) from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (S3-7),
• TI-35 (1-Dichloroacetyl-azepan) from TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8), "Diclonon” (Dicyclonon) or "BAS145138” or “LAB145138” (S3-9)
• RA 1 (Ci-C ß ) alkyl, (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, the last 2 radicals mentioned by V A substituents from the group halogen, (Ci-Cz t ) alkoxy, (Ci-Cg) haloalkoxy and (Ci-C4 ) Alkylthio and, in the case of cyclic radicals, also by (Ci-C4)alkyl and (Ci-C4)haloalkyl;
• R A 2 halo, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, CF 3; mA 1 or 2;
• VA is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• S4b compounds of the 4-(benzoylsulfamoyl)benzamide type of the formula ( S4b ) and their salts, as described in WO-A-99/16744, wherein
• RB 1 , RB 2 are independently hydrogen, (C' 1 -.) Alkyl l. (C 3 -G,)cycloalkyl. (C 3 -C 6 )alkenyl, (C 3 -C 6 )alkynyl,
• RB 3 is halogen, (Ci-C4)alkyl, (Ci-C4)haloalkyl or (Ci-C4)alkoxy and me is 1 or 2, for example those in which
• RB 1 cyclopropyl
• RB 1 cyclopropyl
• Rc 1 , Rc 2 are independently hydrogen, (Ci-Cs) alkyl, (C3-C8) cycloalkyl, (C3-
• Active ingredients from the class of hydroxyaromatics and aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5) for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4- hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicylic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A-2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
• R D 1 is halogen, (C1-C4) alkyl, (C1-C4) haloalkyl, (C1-C4) alkoxy, (C1-C4) haloalkoxy,
• RD 3 is hydrogen, (Ci-C 8 ) alkyl, (C2-C4) alkenyl, (C2-C4) alkynyl, or aryl, each of the aforementioned C-containing radicals unsubstituted or by one or more, preferably up to three of the same or various radicals from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; or their salts, n D is an integer from 0 to 2.
• RE 2 (C I -C IO ) alkyl, (C2-C6) alkenyl, (C3-C6) cycloalkyl, aryl; benzyl, halobenzyl,
• RE 3 is hydrogen or (C I -C ⁇ ) alkyl.
• Si l active ingredients of the type of oxyimino compounds (Si l), which are known as seed dressings, such as.
• Naphthalic anhydride (1,8-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride) (S 13-1), known as a seed dressing safener for corn against damage from thiocarbamate herbicides,
• MG 191 (CAS Reg. No. 96420-72-3) (2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) (S13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as a safener for corn,
• R H 2 is hydrogen or halogen
• R H 3 , R H 4 are independently hydrogen, (Ci-Cig) alkyl, (C 2 -Ci 6 ) alkenyl or
• R H 3 is (Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, (C 2 -C 4 )alkenyloxy, (C 2 -Cg)alkynyloxy or (C 2 -C 4 )haloalkoxy and R H 4 is hydrogen or (Ci-C 4 ) -alkyl means or
• R H 3 and R H 4 together with the directly bonded N atom form a four- to eight-membered heterocyclic ring which, in addition to the N atom, can also contain further hetero ring atoms, preferably up to two further hetero ring atoms from the group N, O and S and which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, (Ci-C 4 )alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )haloalkyl, (Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )haloalkoxy and ( Ci-C 4 ) alkylthio is substituted means.
• S16 active substances which are primarily used as herbicides but also have a safener effect on crop plants, e.g. B. (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), (4-Chlorophenoxy)acetic acid, (R,S)-2-(4-Chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (Mecoprop), 4-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB), (4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA), 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), l-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate (lactidichloro-ethyl) .
• B (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid
• Preferred safeners are: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamide, fenchlorazol-ethyl ester, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, fenclorim, cumyluron.
• Particularly preferred safeners are: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamide, isoxadifen-ethyl and mefenpyr-diethyl.
• mefenpyr-diethyl The following is very particularly preferred: mefenpyr-diethyl.
• AS/ha active substance per hectare
• % by weight percentages by weight
• the herbicidal compositions according to the invention can also be used for controlling harmful plants in crops of genetically modified plants which are known or are yet to be developed.
• the transgenic plants are generally distinguished by particularly advantageous properties, for example resistance to certain pesticides, especially certain herbicides, resistance to plant diseases or pathogens of plant diseases such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses.
• Other special properties concern e.g. B. the crop in terms of quantity, quality, shelf life, composition and special ingredients.
• transgenic plants with an increased starch content or altered starch quality or those with a different fatty acid composition in the crop are known.
• Other special properties can be found in tolerance or resistance to abiotic stressors, e.g. B. heat, cold, drought, salt and ultraviolet radiation.
• new plants with altered properties can be created using genetic engineering methods (see e.g. EP-A-0221044, EP-A-0131624). described For example, in several cases genetic engineering modifications of crop plants for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806), transgenic crop plants which are active against certain herbicides of the glufosinate type (cf e.g.
• transgenic crop plants with modified fatty acid composition WO 91/13972.
• genetically modified crops with new ingredients or secondary substances e.g. B. new phytoalexins that cause increased disease resistance (EPA 309862, EPA0464461) GM plants with reduced photorespiration that have higher yields and higher stress tolerance (EPA 0305398).
• Transgenic crops that produce pharmaceutically or diagnostically important proteins (“molecular pharming”) transgenic crops that are characterized by higher yields or better quality transgenic crops that are distinguished by a combination of e. B. the above characterize new properties (“gene stacking”)
• nucleic acid molecules can be introduced into plasmids, which allow mutagenesis or sequence modification by recombination of DNA sequences.
• standard procedures e.g. B. base exchanges are made, partial sequences are removed or natural or synthetic sequences are added.
• adapters or linkers can be attached to the fragments, see e.g. B. Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; or Winnacker "Genes and Clones", VCH Weinheim 2nd edition 1996
• the production of plant cells with a reduced activity of a gene product can be achieved, for example, by expressing at least one corresponding antisense RNA, a sense RNA to achieve a cosuppression effect or the expression of at least one correspondingly constructed ribozyme that specifically cleaves transcripts of the above gene product.
• DNA molecules can be used which include the entire coding sequence of a gene product, including any flanking sequences present, as well as DNA molecules which only include parts of the coding sequence, these parts having to be long enough to enter the cells produce an antisense effect. It is also possible to use DNA sequences which have a high degree of homology to the coding sequences of a gene product but are not completely identical.
• the synthesized protein can be located in any compartment of the plant cell.
• the coding region can be linked to DNA sequences that ensure localization in a specific compartment.
• sequences are known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al. (1991) Plant J. 1:95-106).
• the expression of the nucleic acid molecules can also take place in the organelles of the plant cells.
• the transgenic plant cells can be regenerated into whole plants using known techniques.
• the transgenic plants can be plants of any desired plant species, i.e. both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
• compositions of the invention can be used in transgenic crops which against growth substances such.
• B. dicamba or against herbicides that destroy essential plant enzymes e.g. B. acetolactate synthases (ALS), EPSP synthases, glutamine synthases (GS) or hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases (HPPD), respectively, are resistant to herbicides from the group of sulfonylureas, glyphosate, glufosinate or benzoylisoxazoles and analogous active ingredients.
• compositions according to the invention are used in transgenic cultures, in addition to the effects observed in other cultures against harmful plants, there are often effects that are specific to the application in the respective transgenic culture, for example a modified or specially expanded spectrum of weeds that can be controlled Application rates that can be used for the application, preferably good combinability with the herbicides to which the transgenic crop is resistant, and influencing the growth and yield of the transgenic crop plants.
• the invention therefore also relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for combating harmful plants in transgenic crop plants.
• compositions according to the invention in economically important transgenic crops of useful and ornamental plants, e.g. B. from cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, oats), millet, rice, cassava and corn or crops of sugar beet, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, potatoes, tomatoes, peas and other vegetable crops, especially in corn, cotton and soybeans .
• compositions according to the invention for combating harmful plants in transgenic crop plants or crop plants which exhibit tolerance as a result of selective breeding.
• Components A and B can be converted together or separately into customary formulations, e.g. Very fine encapsulations in polymeric substances.
• the formulations can contain the customary auxiliaries and additives.
• formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by mixing components A and B with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active agents, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foaming agents.
• extenders i.e. liquid solvents
• pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers optionally using surface-active agents, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foaming agents.
• Suitable solid carriers are: for example ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; as solid carriers for granules are: eg broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifying and/or foam-forming agents are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, aryl sulphonates and protein hydro
• Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in powder, granular or latic form can be used in the formulations, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and also natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids. Further additives can be mineral and vegetable oils.
• Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyanide, and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc can be used.
• inorganic pigments e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyanide
• organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes
• trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc can be used.
• the formulations generally contain between 0.1 and 95% by weight of components A and B, preferably between 0.5 and 90% by weight.
• Components A and B can also be used as a mixture with other agrochemical active ingredients for controlling unwanted plant growth, for example for controlling weeds or for controlling unwanted crops, ready-to-use formulations or tank mixes, for example, being possible.
• Soil structure improvers are possible, as are additives and formulation aids customary in crop protection.
• Components A and B can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the use forms prepared from them by further dilution, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders, pastes and granules.
• the application is usually done, e.g. by pouring, spraying, sprinkling, scattering.
• Components A and B can be applied to the plants, parts of plants or the area under cultivation (arable land), preferably to the green plants and parts of plants and to the arable land.
• One possible application is the joint application of the active ingredients in the form of tank mixes, with the optimally formulated, concentrated formulations of the individual active ingredients being mixed together with water in the tank and the spray mixture obtained being applied.
• the formulations which are in commercially available form, are diluted, if appropriate, in a customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules. Preparations in the form of dust, ground or granulated granules and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted with other inert substances before use.
• the seeds of the above biotypes were sown in 8 cm pots (LSI; pH 7.4; % C org 2.2). Temperature was maintained at approximately 23°/15°C day/night. After application of the herbicides (300 l water/ha), the pots were sub-irrigated as needed. Two experiments were carried out. In a pre-emergence trial, the herbicides were applied directly after sowing at the BBCH 00 growth stage. In a post-emergence experiment, the herbicides were applied at the BBCH 11-12 growth stage.
• the herbicide active ingredient cinmethylin was used as a commercially available emulsifiable concentrate (EC) LUMIMAX. Ethofumesate was used as a commercial suspension concentrate (SC) Nortron. A methylated seed oil (Mero) was added to the spray liquids in an amount of 1 1/ha in order to ensure good retention behavior.
• Percent weed control (2 replicates) was rated 27 days after herbicide application (DAA) on a 0-100 scale. A rating of 0 means no control and 100 means complete control. Calculation of the synergism according to Colbv

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