WO2023273811A1 - 电池冷板及电池系统 - Google Patents

电池冷板及电池系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023273811A1
WO2023273811A1 PCT/CN2022/097400 CN2022097400W WO2023273811A1 WO 2023273811 A1 WO2023273811 A1 WO 2023273811A1 CN 2022097400 W CN2022097400 W CN 2022097400W WO 2023273811 A1 WO2023273811 A1 WO 2023273811A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
branch
inlet
branches
outlet
cold plate
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2022/097400
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭舒
彭青波
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2023559038A priority Critical patent/JP2024518247A/ja
Priority to EP22831632.9A priority patent/EP4300659A4/en
Priority to CA3213990A priority patent/CA3213990A1/en
Priority to KR1020237032714A priority patent/KR20230148362A/ko
Publication of WO2023273811A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023273811A1/zh
Priority to US18/475,602 priority patent/US20240030513A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to new energy battery heat dissipation technology, in particular to a battery cold plate and a battery system.
  • the current design of the new energy battery cooling system includes air cooling, liquid cooling, direct cooling, etc. Different cooling methods have different heat transfer results.
  • the liquid cooling method is a cooling method commonly used at present, and the design of the liquid cooling is mainly the design of the liquid cooling plate. At present, more attention is paid to the design of the runner for the design of the cold plate. As the power demand and cruising range of the battery system increase, the size of the battery pack is getting larger and larger, and the size of the same cold plate is also getting larger, and the flow required in the heat dissipation system is increasing. , The flow resistance of the internal branches of the cold plate varies greatly, which makes the temperature of the cold plate uneven, resulting in poor heat dissipation balance.
  • the disclosure provides a battery cold plate and a battery system, which can improve the temperature uniformity of each part of the cold plate, and improve the heat dissipation balance and efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery cold plate, including two external interfaces, two confluence pipelines, and multiple branches;
  • Each of the confluence pipelines is extended along the first direction, and the two external interfaces are respectively connected to the middle positions of the two confluence pipelines in the first direction;
  • a plurality of the branches are arranged side by side along the first direction, and are located between two confluence pipelines in the second direction; the two ends of each branch in the second direction respectively pass at least One throttling port is connected to the two converging pipelines; the first direction and the second direction are two directions perpendicular to each other; the total cross-sectional area of the throttling port on the branch near the external interface is less than The total cross-sectional area of the orifice on the branch away from the external interface;
  • a plurality of sub-branches are arranged in the branch along the first direction, each of the sub-branches is extended along the second direction, and the ends of the multiple sub-branches in the same branch are connected, and all the sub-branches
  • the cross-sectional areas of the branches are the same.
  • the number of throttle openings on the branch near the external interface is smaller than the number of throttle openings on the branch far from the external interface.
  • the number of throttle openings on the branch near the external interface is equal to the number of throttle openings on the branch far from the external interface.
  • each throttle port is the same.
  • the cross-sectional area of the orifice on the branch near the external interface is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the orifice on the branch away from the external interface.
  • the number of sub-branches in a branch close to the external interface is greater than the number of sub-branches in a branch far from the external interface.
  • all sub-branches in all branches have the same cross-sectional area.
  • the two external interfaces are the main inlet and the main outlet respectively
  • the two confluence pipelines are the inlet and outlet confluence pipelines respectively
  • the total inlet and the inlet confluence pipeline are , a plurality of the branches, the outlet confluence pipeline, and the total outlet are connected in sequence
  • the throttle between the branch and the inlet confluence pipeline is a throttle inlet
  • the branch The throttle port between the outlet confluence pipeline is the outlet throttle port.
  • the number of the meter-in orifice and the meter-out orifice in the same branch is the same, and the cross-sectional area of the meter-out orifice is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of the meter-in orifice .
  • the branch near the main inlet includes a first meter-in orifice and a first meter-out orifice, and the distance between the first meter-in orifice and the main inlet is smaller than the first meter-in orifice. The distance between a throttle port and the total outlet.
  • said branch in a said branch, has opposite first and second sides in said first direction, ends of a plurality of said sub-branches A confluence cavity is formed between the throttle ports, and a confluence cavity is formed between the ends of the plurality of sub-branches and the throttle port;
  • the size of the inlet and manifold cavity in the second direction gradually decreases, and the size of the outlet and manifold cavity in the second direction gradually increases;
  • the meter-in inlet is located at a position where the size of the inlet-combining chamber is larger in the second direction;
  • the throttle outlet is located at a position where the size of the manifold outlet in the second direction is larger.
  • an inlet cavity is provided at the general inlet, and the total inlet communicates with the inlet confluence pipeline through the inlet cavity, and a plurality of inlet protrusions are arranged in the inlet cavity, and the plurality of inlets Protrusion array arrangement.
  • an outlet cavity is provided at the total outlet, and the total outlet communicates with the outlet confluence pipeline through the outlet cavity, and a plurality of outlet protrusions are arranged in the outlet cavity, and the plurality of outlets Protrusion array arrangement.
  • a plurality of first guide bars are arranged in the inlet confluence pipeline, and the plurality of first guide bars extend along the first direction and are arranged at intervals.
  • the plurality of first flow guide bars are arranged in one or more rows along the second direction.
  • the structures of the battery cold plate on both sides of the central axis are symmetrical.
  • the battery cold plate includes a first plate body and a second plate body opposite to the first plate body, the first plate body forms a cavity and a plurality of ribs on the surface, and the plurality of The ribs are located in the cavity, and the ribs separate the cavity to form the two confluence pipelines, the multiple branches, and the multiple sub-branches, and the second board is provided with A plurality of butt holes, the plurality of butt holes are set corresponding to the plurality of ribs, and the plurality of ribs are abutted in the plurality of butt holes, so as to realize the connection between the first plate body and the second plate body positioning connection between.
  • the plurality of raised ribs and the plurality of docking holes are interference fit.
  • the butt holes are through holes.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a battery system, including a battery and the aforementioned battery cold plate, where the battery cold plate is bonded to the battery.
  • the two external interfaces are respectively connected to the middle positions of the two confluence pipelines in the first direction; so that the flow of the cooling liquid in the confluence pipeline is half of the length of the confluence pipeline, so that the flow resistance of the cooling liquid along the confluence pipeline can be reduced; by gradually increasing the total cross-sectional area of several orifices in the branches away from the total outlet, and the sub-branches in all branches
  • the width of the road, that is, the cross-sectional area is the same, which can balance the flow resistance of each branch, ensure that the flow resistance in each branch is consistent, and balance the flow rate of the cooling liquid in each branch, thereby making the temperature of the cold plate more uniform and improving
  • the heat dissipation balance and efficiency are conducive to reducing the system's demand for water pump power, thereby reducing system costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal pipeline structure of the battery cold plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of cooling liquid flowing in the pipeline in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the first plate body of the battery cold plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second plate body of a battery cold plate provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the disclosure provides a battery cold plate and a battery system.
  • the battery system includes a battery and a battery cold plate.
  • the battery cold plate is attached to the battery.
  • the battery cold plate can dissipate heat from the battery through liquid cooling.
  • the first direction in which the X-axis extends is hereinafter referred to as "the first direction X” and the second direction in which the Y-axis extends is hereinafter referred to as the “second direction Y" are two mutually perpendicular directions, referring to Figure 1
  • the overall shape of the battery cold plate is square
  • the first direction X is the left and right length direction of the battery cold plate
  • the second direction Y is the width direction of the battery cold plate up and down.
  • the first direction X may also be the width direction of the battery cold plate
  • the second direction Y is the length direction of the battery cold plate.
  • the battery cold plate includes a total inlet 10a, an inlet confluence pipeline 20a, a plurality of branches 31/32/33, an outlet confluence pipeline 20b, and a total Exit 10b.
  • the main inlet 10a and the main outlet 10b are two external ports of the cold plate of the battery, which can be respectively connected to two circulation ports of the circulation pump.
  • the cooling liquid flows into the battery cold plate through the main inlet 10a, passes through the inlet confluence pipeline 20a, multiple branches 31/32/33, and the outlet confluence pipeline 20b in sequence, and flows out of the battery cold plate from the main outlet 10b, and flows back to the circulation Pump.
  • the inlet confluence pipeline 20a and the outlet confluence pipeline 20b are two confluence pipelines, which are respectively arranged at the general inlet 10a and the general outlet 10b. Both the inlet and outlet pipelines 20a and the outlet pipelines 20b extend along the first direction X respectively.
  • the main inlet 10a is connected to the middle position of the inlet confluence pipeline 20a in the first direction X. After the cooling liquid enters the inlet confluence pipeline 20a through the main inlet 10a, it flows to both ends of the inlet confluence pipeline 20a along the first direction X. flow, so that the flow of the cooling liquid in the inlet confluence pipeline 20a is half the length of the inlet confluence pipeline 20a, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the cooling liquid in the inlet confluence pipeline 20a.
  • the main inlet 10a is provided with an inlet cavity 11a, and the total inlet 10a is connected with the inlet confluence pipeline 20a through the inlet cavity 11a.
  • the inlet cavity 11a is square, and a plurality of inlet protrusions 12a are arranged in the inlet cavity 11a, and the plurality of inlet protrusions 12a are arranged in an array, and the plurality of inlet protrusions 12a can also be used to divert the cooling liquid entering the inlet cavity 11a to avoid The cooling liquid is too concentrated at this location and increases flow resistance.
  • a plurality of first flow guide bars 21a are disposed in the inlet confluence pipeline 20a, and the plurality of first flow guide bars 21a extend along the first direction X and are arranged at intervals.
  • a plurality of first guide bars 21a extend along the first direction X, and the cooling liquid entering the inlet confluence pipeline 20a can flow along the first guide bars 21a by using the first guide bars 21a, that is, along the first direction X flow, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the cooling liquid in the inlet confluence pipeline 20a.
  • a plurality of first flow guide bars 21a are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and part of the cooling liquid can flow to the branches in gaps between the plurality of flow guide bars.
  • first guide strips 21a are arranged in two rows along the second direction Y, so as to better achieve the effect of guide flow and reduce flow resistance, and at the same time guide more cooling liquid away from the main inlet 10a at the branch road.
  • multiple first guide bars 21a can be arranged in one row, three rows, or more rows.
  • a plurality of branches 31 / 32 / 33 are arranged side by side along the first direction X, and are located between the inlet confluence pipeline 20 a and the outlet confluence pipeline 20 b in the second direction Y. Both ends of each branch in the second direction Y are connected to the inlet and outlet pipelines 20a and outlet pipelines 20b through several throttle ports.
  • Each branch 31/32/33 is arranged with a plurality of sub-branches along the first direction X, and each sub-branch is extended along the second direction Y, and the ends of the multiple sub-branches in the same branch are connected, so that entering The cooling liquid in the branch enters the sub-branch from one end of the sub-branch, and flows out of the sub-branch from the other end of the sub-branch.
  • the number of branches is six.
  • the line connecting the central positions of the main inlet 10a and the main outlet 10b is the central axis, and three branch roads are respectively arranged on both sides of the central axis.
  • the structures on both sides of the central axis are roughly the same, and here one side is taken as an example to describe the structures of the three branches.
  • the three branches are respectively the first branch 31 , the second branch 32 and the third branch 33 .
  • the second branch 32 is arranged between the first branch 31 and the third branch 33 .
  • the first branch 31 is closer to the main inlet 10 a and the main outlet 10 b than the third branch 33 .
  • first branch 31 One end of the first branch 31 is connected to the inlet confluence pipeline 20a through a first throttle inlet 31a, and the other end is connected to the outlet confluence pipeline 20b through a first throttle outlet 31b.
  • first branch 31 On the first branch 31, there is one first inlet throttle port 31a, and one first outlet throttle port 31b.
  • Multiple first sub-branches 310 are arranged in the first branch 31 .
  • the first meter-in orifice 31a and the first meter-out orifice 31b can be determined according to the number of first sub-branches 310 in the first branch 31.
  • first meter-out orifice 31b can also be set to two or more.
  • the cross-sectional area of each first meter-out orifice 31b is the same as that of each first meter-in orifice 31a, so the number of to adjust the flow of the cooling liquid, of course, in other embodiments, the first meter-out orifice 31b and the first meter-in orifice 31a can be kept as one, and the flow of the cooling liquid can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the cross-sectional area. flow.
  • the distance between the first meter-in orifice 31a and the total inlet 10a is smaller than the distance between the first meter-out orifice 31b and the total outlet 10b, so that the cooling liquid entering the inlet confluence pipeline 20a can flow into the In the first branch 31 , the cooling liquid is easy to enter the first branch 31 , and the resistance of the cooling liquid entering the first branch 31 is reduced.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first throttle-out opening 31b is equal to the cross-sectional area of the first throttle-in opening 31a, so as to facilitate processing and molding.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first meter-out orifice 31b can be set larger than the cross-sectional area of the first meter-in orifice 31a.
  • the first branch 31 has opposite first sides 311 and second sides 312 in the first direction X. As shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the first side 311 is closer to the main inlet and the main outlet than the second side 312 . Of course, in other embodiments, it may also be that the second side 312 is closer to the main inlet and the main outlet than the first side 311 .
  • a confluence cavity 30a Between the ends of the plurality of first sub-branches 310 and the first meter-in orifice 31a is formed a confluence cavity 30a, along the direction from the first side 311 to the second side 312, the confluence cavity 30a is in the second direction Y
  • the upper dimension gradually decreases, so that the junction cavity 30a has a substantially triangular wedge-shaped structure.
  • the first meter-in orifice 31a is located at a position where the inlet-combining chamber 30a has a larger size in the second direction Y, that is, the first meter-in orifice 31a is located near the first side 311, and the inlet-combining chamber 30a is near the first side 311.
  • the space at the throttle opening 31 a is large, so that the cooling liquid can easily enter the first branch 31 , reducing the flow resistance into the first branch 31 .
  • a confluence cavity 30b is formed between the ends of the plurality of first sub-branches 310 and the first throttle orifice 31b.
  • the confluence cavity 30b is in the second direction Y
  • the dimension on the top gradually increases, so that the junction cavity 30b exits a substantially triangular wedge-shaped structure.
  • the first throttle opening 31 b is located at a position where the size of the manifold outlet 30 b is larger in the second direction Y, that is, the first throttle opening 31 b is located near the second side 312 .
  • the outlet confluence chamber 30b has a larger space near the first outlet orifice 31b, so that the cooling liquid is easy to converge to the position of the outlet confluence chamber 30b close to the first outlet orifice 31b, which in turn facilitates the cooling liquid from the first outlet
  • the flow port 31b flows out into the outlet confluence pipeline 20b , reducing the flow resistance of the cooling liquid when it flows out from the first branch 31 .
  • the first sub-branch 310 on one side 311 has a larger inlet and a smaller outlet
  • the first sub-branch 310 near the second side 312 has a smaller inlet and a larger outlet, which can ensure that the cooling liquid flows in different first sub-branches.
  • the flow rates of 310 are substantially the same, so as to ensure the balance of cooling liquid flow in each first sub-branch 310 .
  • the branch closest to the external interface is the first branch in this embodiment, in which the number of sub-branches is the largest, and in this branch, the inlet and outlet chambers are both It is wedge-shaped to ensure the balance between multiple sub-branches, while in other branches, such as the second branch and the third branch, the number of sub-branches is relatively small, and both the inlet and outlet cavity and the outlet and return cavity are set Just be square.
  • One end of the second branch 32 is connected to the inlet confluence pipeline 20a through two second meter-in ports 32a, and the other end is connected to the outlet confluence pipeline 20b through two second meter-out ports 32b.
  • a plurality of second sub-branches 321 are disposed in the second branch 32 .
  • One end of the third branch 33 is connected to the inlet confluence pipeline 20a through three third throttle inlets 33a, and the other end is connected to the outlet confluence pipeline 20b through three third throttle outlets 33b.
  • a plurality of third sub-branches 331 are arranged in the third branch 33 .
  • the first meter-in orifice 31a, the second meter-in orifice 32a, and the third meter-in orifice 33a have the same aperture, that is, the cross-sectional area. Since the first meter-in orifice 31a is one , the second meter-in orifice 32a is two, the third meter-in orifice 33a is three, the total cross-sectional area of a first meter-in orifice 31a, the total cross-section of two second meter-in orifices 32a The area and the total cross-sectional area of the three third inlet orifices 33a increase sequentially, that is, the total cross-sectional area of several orifices close to the branch of the total inlet 10a is smaller than that of several orifices far from the branch of the total inlet 10a The total cross-sectional area, by gradually increasing the total cross-sectional area of several orifices in the branch away from the main inlet 10a, can reduce the flow resistance into the
  • the throttling is performed according to the distance between the branch road and the total inlet 10a.
  • the quantity design can reduce the flow resistance of the cooling liquid entering the branch away from the main inlet 10a, which is convenient for structural layout design.
  • the number of the second meter-in orifice 32a and the third meter-in orifice 33a can be one.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first meter-in orifice 31a and the diameter of the third meter-in orifice 33a, that is, the cross-sectional area, are larger than the cross-sectional area of the second meter-in orifice 32a.
  • the cross-sectional area of the three can also be gradually increased to further reduce the inflow.
  • the diameters of the first throttle opening 31b, the second throttle opening 32b, and the third throttle opening 33b have the same cross-sectional area, since the first throttle opening 31b is one , the second meter-out orifice 32b is two, the third meter-out orifice 33b is three, the total cross-sectional area of a first meter-out orifice 31b, the total cross-sectional area of two second meter-out orifices 32b
  • the area and the total cross-sectional area of the three third throttle outlets 33b increase sequentially, that is, the total cross-sectional area of several throttles in the branches close to the main outlet 10b is smaller than that of several throttles in the branches far away from the main outlet 10b
  • the total cross-sectional area by gradually increasing the total cross-sectional area of several orifices in the branch away from the main outlet 10b, can reduce the flow resistance of the branch away from the main outlet 10b.
  • the throttling is performed according to the distance between the branch road and the total outlet 10b.
  • the design of the number of ports can reduce the flow resistance of the cooling liquid flowing out of the branch away from the main outlet 10b, which is convenient for structural layout design.
  • the number of the second throttle orifice 32b and the third throttle orifice 33b may both be one.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first throttle port 31b and the aperture diameter of the third throttle port 33b, that is, the cross-sectional area, are larger than the cross-sectional area of the second throttle port 32b.
  • the cross-sectional area of the three can be gradually increased to further reduce the outflow.
  • the quantity of the first sub-branch 310 in the first branch 31 is greater than the quantity of the second sub-branch 321 in the second branch 32, and the quantity of the second sub-branch 321 in the second branch 32 is the same as that of the third branch.
  • the number of third sub-branches 331 in 33 is the same. More specifically, in this embodiment, there are ten first sub-branches 310 , four second sub-branches 321 , and four third sub-branches 331 . Of course, the number of the first sub-branch 310 , the second sub-branch 321 , and the third sub-branch 331 is not limited thereto, and other numbers can be set as required.
  • the number of first sub-branches 310 of the first branch 31 closer to the main entrance 10a is relatively large, and the number of second sub-branches 321 and third sub-branches 331 relatively far from the main entrance 10a is relatively small , can reduce the flow resistance when the cooling liquid enters the second branch 32 and the third branch 33 .
  • the width of the sub-branches in all branches is the same, that is, the cross-sectional area is the same, that is, the cross-sectional areas of the multiple first sub-branches 310, the multiple second sub-branches 321, and the multiple third sub-branches 331 are the same, which can
  • the flow resistance of the cooling liquid in each sub-branch is the same, and the volume of the cooling liquid in multiple sub-branches is the same, so as to ensure the uniformity of heat dissipation at each position of the battery cold plate. It can be seen from the description of the aforementioned quantitative relationship that, in the first direction X, the size of the first branch 31 is larger than the size of the second branch 32 and the third branch 33 .
  • a plurality of second flow guide bars 21b are disposed in the outlet confluence pipeline 20b, and the plurality of second flow guide bars 21b extend along the first direction X and are arranged at intervals.
  • a plurality of second guide bars 21b extend along the first direction X, and the cooling liquid entering the inlet confluence pipeline 20a can flow along the second guide bars 21b by using the second guide bars 21b, that is, along the first direction X flow, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the cooling liquid in the inlet confluence pipeline 20a.
  • a plurality of second guide bars 21b are arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and part of the cooling liquid can flow into the outlet confluence pipeline 20b in the gaps between the plurality of guide bars.
  • An outlet chamber 11b is provided at the main outlet 10b, and the main outlet 10b communicates with the outlet confluence pipeline 20b through the outlet chamber 11b.
  • the outlet chamber 11b is square, and a plurality of outlet protrusions 12b are arranged in the outlet chamber 11b, and the plurality of outlet protrusions 12b are arranged in an array, and the plurality of outlet protrusions 12b can also be used to divert the cooling liquid flowing out of the outlet chamber 11b to avoid The cooling liquid is too concentrated at this location and increases flow resistance.
  • the battery cold plate includes a first plate body 100 and a second plate body 200 arranged in parallel, and both the first plate body 100 and the second plate body 200 are made of heat-conducting plates. into, in order to facilitate heat transfer.
  • the first plate body 100 is punched to form a cavity 101 and a plurality of ribs 102 on the surface of the plate body.
  • the plurality of ribs 102 are located in the cavity 101.
  • the ribs 102 separate the cavity 101 to form a plurality of channels for cooling liquid to pass through.
  • the pipeline that is, the cavity 101 can be divided into two confluence pipelines 20a/20b, multiple branches 31/32/33, and multiple sub-branches located in the branch.
  • a plurality of butt joint holes 202 are provided on the second plate body 200, and the plurality of butt joint holes 202 are set correspondingly to the plurality of ribs 102, and the plurality of ribs 102 are abutted in the plurality of butt joint holes 202, so as to realize the connection between the first board body 100 and the plurality of ribs 102.
  • the ribs 102 and the docking holes 202 can be an interference fit, so that the ribs 102 are closely connected with the joints, ensuring that the multiple branches 31/32/33 are isolated from each other, and preventing the cooling liquid from flowing between the branches .
  • a thermally conductive sealant can be provided between the butt hole 202 and the rib 102 to further ensure that the connection between the two is sealed.
  • the butt hole 202 is a through hole, so as to be formed by stamping.
  • the outer surface is flush to facilitate bonding with the battery.
  • the docking hole 202 may also be a blind hole.
  • the butt hole 202 may not be provided on the second plate body 200 .
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a battery system, the battery system includes a battery and the above-mentioned battery cold plate, the battery cold plate is attached to the battery, and the battery cold plate can dissipate heat from the battery through liquid cooling.
  • the total inlet and outlet of the battery cold plate are placed in the middle of the cold plate, and after the cooling liquid enters the cold plate from the main inlet in the middle, it needs to flow to both sides.
  • the cold plate flows out from the main outlet in the middle, so that the flow pipeline of the cooling liquid in the battery cold plate is roughly in a U-shaped structure.
  • the confluence pipeline should be connected in parallel as much as possible, that is, multiple rows of guide bars should be set to reduce the resistance along the confluence pipeline.
  • the number of branches is determined by matching the length of the confluence with the length of the branches.
  • each road is designed according to the distance from the throttle port to the total inlet and the total outlet.
  • the arrangement of the flow channel structure of the battery cold plate of the present disclosure minimizes the flow resistance in the same area of the battery cold plate under the same flow rate, thereby helping to reduce the power demand of the system for the water pump, thereby reducing the cost of the system, and at the same time ,
  • the cold plate structure with low flow resistance can increase the flow of the battery cold plate as much as possible when the power of the water pump is constant, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet.
  • the external interface of the battery cold plate adopts a one-in-one-out structure, and the length of the converging pipeline is halved through the middle-in and middle-out import and export mode, and the shunt branch adopts The principle of maximization, the more parallel branches, the smaller the total flow resistance of the parallel pipeline, and then the flow resistance of the entire cold plate is designed to be the minimum.
  • the flow resistance of the large cold plate under large flow can be minimized, and the flow of each branch can be evenly distributed by optimizing the diameter of the orifice, that is, the cross-sectional area, thereby improving the overall The heat transfer performance of the cold plate; with reduced flow resistance, the battery cold plate is suitable for a large-sized battery cold plate structure, which can reduce the power of the water pump, thereby reducing the cost of the vehicle system.
  • the first flow guide bar 21a and the second flow guide bar 21b are named when they are arranged in different confluence pipelines, that is, multiple flow guide strips can be arranged in the confluence pipeline , a plurality of flow guide strips extend along the first direction X and are arranged at intervals.
  • the cooling liquid entering the confluence pipeline can flow along the flow guide strips, that is, flow along the first direction X, thereby reducing the cooling liquid
  • multiple guide strips can be arranged in one row or more than two rows.
  • first branch 31, the second branch 32, and the third branch 33 are named according to different positions among the multiple branches, which can be understood as different specific branches. Method to realize. The same applies to the first sub-branch, the second sub-branch, and the third sub-branch.
  • the first meter-in orifice 31a, the second meter-in orifice 32a, and the third meter-in orifice 33a are named according to the meter-in orifice on different branches,
  • the first meter-out orifice 31b, the second meter-out orifice 32b, and the third meter-out orifice 33b are based on the names of the meter-out orifices on different branches,
  • the number of meter-in ports and meter-out ports is equal to one.
  • the meter-in ports can be set
  • the distance between the main inlet 10a and the main outlet 10b is smaller than the distance between the throttle outlet and the main outlet 10b, so that the cooling liquid entering the inlet confluence pipeline 20a can flow into the branch for a short distance, making it easy for the cooling liquid to enter the In the branch, at the same time, the throttle inlet and the throttle outlet are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the branch, so that the cooling liquid entering the branch can flow through all the sub-branches.
  • the number of throttle inlets and throttle outlets in the same branch can be the same, and the cross-sectional area of the throttle outlet can be set to be larger than the cross-sectional area of the throttle inlet, so as to reduce the size of the branch and the outlet manifold.
  • the flow resistance between the channels, or the cross-sectional area of the outlet orifice and the cross-sectional area of the inlet orifice can be equal.
  • the throttle inlet and the throttle outlet are different implementations of the throttle.
  • the quantity and cross-sectional area design of the inlet orifice and the outlet orifice can control the flow and velocity of the cooling liquid entering the branch.
  • the number of throttle openings on the branch near the external interface is smaller than the number of throttle openings on the branch away from the external interface, so that the cooling liquid can easily enter the branch away from the external interface.
  • the cross-sectional area of each throttling port can be the same to facilitate processing, or the cross-sectional area of the throttling port on the branch road close to the external interface is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the throttle port on the branch road away from the external port, or it can be Make it easy for the cooling liquid to enter the branch away from the external interface.
  • the inlet and outlet cavity 30a and the outlet cavity 30b are named according to the different locations of the inlet and outlet cavity, and are different implementations of the inlet and outlet cavity 30a and the outlet cavity 30b.
  • the shape of the branch can be used not only for the first branch 31, but also for other branches.
  • the shape of the manifold cavity is especially suitable for the case where both the inlet throttle port and the outlet throttle port are one on the branch road.
  • a confluence cavity may be formed between the ends of the multiple sub-branches and the throttle port.
  • the size of the confluence cavity in the second direction Y gradually decreases from being close to the throttle port to being far away from the throttle port. The small size makes it easy for the cooling liquid to enter and exit the branch circuit, reducing the flow resistance in and out of the branch circuit.
  • the inlet cavity 11a and the outlet cavity are different implementations of the interface cavity, and an interface cavity may be provided at the external interface, and the external interface communicates with the confluence pipeline through the interface cavity.
  • the interface cavity is square, and there are multiple protrusions arranged in an array in the inlet cavity 11a. The multiple protrusions can also be used to divert the cooling liquid entering and exiting the interface cavity, so as to avoid excessive concentration of the cooling liquid at this position and Increased resistance to flow.
  • the number of sub-branches in the two branches located at both ends of the first direction X is slightly different.
  • the sub-branches located at The number of sub-branches in the two branches can be set to be the same.
  • the structure of the battery cold plate on both sides of the central axis It can be set as a completely symmetrical structure to ensure the same flow resistance on both sides.
  • the number of branches is 6, and there are 3 branches on both sides of the middle position.
  • the cooling liquid can enter from the main inlet in the middle position, flow toward both ends along the inlet confluence pipeline, and pass through the branches. After that, it flows back to the main outlet through the outlet confluence pipeline from both sides.
  • the number of branches is not limited to this. Under the condition of sufficient space, as many branches as possible can be used for shunting.
  • the number of branches can be designed according to the arrangement of battery cells or heat dissipation requirements, from The design angle of reducing the flow resistance, when determining the number of branches in the design: if the size of the battery cold plate in the first direction is greater than twice the size of the battery cold plate in the second direction, the number of branches is based on the heat dissipation of the battery cells In terms of demand, adopt multi-parallel branch design.
  • add the fourth and fifth branches that is, increase the number of branches; if the size of the battery cold plate in the first direction is smaller than that of the battery
  • the size of the cold plate in the second direction is twice that of the half of the length of the cold plate of the battery combined with the width of the sub-branch for branch design.
  • the number of branches is six.
  • the battery cold plate is square, and its size in the first direction is relatively larger than the size in the second direction, so the size in the first direction is the length of the battery cold plate, and the size in the second direction is the length of the battery cold plate Therefore, half the length of the cold plate of the battery is half of the size of the cold plate of the battery in the first direction.
  • the sub-branch is strip-shaped along the second direction, it can be understood that the length of the sub-branch is its size in the second direction, and the width of the sub-branch is its size in the first direction, so that Further balance the channel flow resistance of the entire cold plate to improve the cooling and heat dissipation capacity.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种电池冷板及电池系统。电池系统包括电池及电池冷板。电池冷板包括两个外接口、两个汇流管路及多个支路；两个外接口分别连通至两个汇流管路的中间位置，使得冷却液体在汇流管路中的流程为其长度的一半，减小汇流管路沿程流阻；多个支路并排设置，各支路的两端分别经若干节流口连通至两个汇流管路；靠近外接口的支路上的若干节流口总横截面面积小于远离外接口的支路上的若干节流口总横截面面积，各子支路的横截面面积相同，能够均衡各个支路的流阻，保证各个支路内的流阻一致，使各支路内冷却液体的流速均衡，进而使冷板各处温度较为均匀，提高散热均衡和效率，有利于降低系统对水泵功率需求，进而降低系统成本。

Description

电池冷板及电池系统
本申请要求于2021年6月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110741232.2、申请名称为“电池冷板及电池系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及新能源电池散热技术，尤其涉及一种电池冷板及电池系统。
背景技术
当前新能源电池散热系统的设计有风冷、液冷、直冷等，不同的冷却方式换热结果不一样。对于液冷方式是目前普遍采用的一种冷却方式，液冷的设计主要是液冷板的设计。目前对于冷板的设计更多的关注流道的设计。随着电池系统的功率需求与续航里程原来越高，电池包的尺寸越来越大，同样的冷板的尺寸也越来越大，在散热系统中需求的流量越来愈大，目前技术中，冷板内部支路的流阻差异较大，使冷板各处温度不均匀，导致散热的均衡性较差。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种电池冷板及电池系统，能够提高冷板各处温度均匀性，提高散热均衡形和效率。
一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种电池冷板，包括两个外接口、两个汇流管路、及多个支路；
各所述汇流管路均沿第一方向延伸设置，两个所述外接口分别连通至两个所述汇流管路在所述第一方向上的中间位置；
多个所述支路沿所述第一方向并排设置，且在第二方向上位于两个所述汇流管路之间；各所述支路在所述第二方向上的两端分别经至少一个节流口连通至两个所述汇流管路；所述第一方向与所述第二方向为两个相互垂直的方向；靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口总横截面面积小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口总横截面面积；
所述支路内沿第一方向排布有多条子支路，各所述子支路沿第二方向延伸设置，同一所述支路内的多条子支路的端部连通，所有所述子支路的横截面面积相同。
在一个实施例中，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量。
在一个实施例中，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量等于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量。
其中，各所述节流口的横截面面积是相同的。
其中，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积。
其中，靠近所述外接口的支路内的子支路数量大于远离所述外接口的支路内的子支路数量。
在一个实施例中，所有支路中的所有子支路的横截面积相同。
在一个实施例中，两个所述外接口分别为总进口与总出口，两个所述汇流管路分别为进 口汇流管路与出口汇流管路，所述总进口、所述进口汇流管路、多个所述支路、所述出口汇流管路、及所述总出口依次连通，所述支路与所述进口汇流管路之间的节流口为进节流口，所述支路与所述出口汇流管路之间的节流口为出节流口。
在一个实施例中，在同一所述支路中的进节流口与出节流口的数量相同，所述出节流口的横截面面积大于或等于所述进节流口的横截面面积。
在一个实施例中，靠近所述总进口的支路上包括第一进节流口和第一出节流口，所述第一进节流口与所述总进口之间的距离小于所述第一出节流口与所述总出口之间的距离。
在一个实施例中，在一所述支路中，所述支路在所述第一方向上具有相对的第一侧和第二侧，多个所述子支路的端部与所述进节流口之间形成有进汇流腔，多个所述子支路的端部与所述出节流口之间形成有出汇流腔；
沿所述第一侧至第二侧的方向，所述进汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸逐渐减小，所述出汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸逐渐增大；
所述进节流口位于所述进汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸较大的位置处；
所述出节流口位于所述出汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸较大的位置处。
在一个实施例中，总进口处设置有进口腔，所述总进口经所述进口腔与所述进口汇流管路连通，所述进口腔内设置有多个进口凸起，所述多个进口凸起阵列排布。
在一个实施例中，总出口处设置有出口腔，所述总出口经所述出口腔与所述出口汇流管路连通，所述出口腔内设置有多个出口凸起，所述多个出口凸起阵列排布。
在一个实施例中，所述进口汇流管路内设置有多个第一导流条，所述多个第一导流条沿第一方向延伸及间隔排布。
在一个实施例中，所述多个第一导流条沿第二方向排列成一排或多排。
在一个实施例中，以两个所述外接口的中心所在位置的连线为中轴线，所述电池冷板在所述中轴线两侧的结构是对称的。
在一个实施例中，所述电池冷板包括第一板体和与第一板体相对的第二板体，所述第一板体在表面形成腔体及多个凸筋，所述多个凸筋位于所述腔体，所述凸筋将所述腔体分隔形成所述两个汇流管路、所述多个支路、及所述多条子支路，所述第二板体上设置多个对接孔，所述多个对接孔与所述多个凸筋对应设置，所述多个凸筋抵接于所述多个对接孔内，以便实现第一板体与第二板体之间的定位连接。
在一个实施例中，所述多个凸筋与所述多个对接孔为过盈配合。
在一个实施例中，所述对接孔为通孔。
另一方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种电池系统，包括电池及前述的电池冷板，所述电池冷板贴合于所述电池。
本公开实施例提供的电池冷板及电池系统，两个所述外接口分别连通至两个所述汇流管路在所述第一方向上的中间位置；使得冷却液体在汇流管路中的流程为汇流管路长度的一半，从而可以减小冷却液体在汇流管路的沿程流阻；通过逐渐增大远离总出口的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积，且所有支路中的子支路的宽度即横截面面积相同，能够均衡各个支路的流阻，保证各个支路内的流阻一致，使各支路内冷却液体的流速均衡，进而使冷板各处温度较为均匀，提高散热均衡和效率，有利于降低系统对水泵功率需求，进而降低系统成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单地 介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本公开一实施例提供的电池冷板内部管路结构示意图；
图2是图1中冷却液体在管路内流动的示意图；
图3是本公开一实施例提供的电池冷板的第一板体的结构示意图；
图4是本公开一实施例提供的电池冷板的第二板体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施方式中的附图，对本公开实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
为了能够更清楚地理解本公开的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开进行详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施方式及实施方式中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本公开，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本公开一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本公开中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本公开保护的范围。
本公开提供一种电池冷板及电池系统，电池系统包括电池及电池冷板，电池冷板贴合于电池，电池冷板能够对电池通过液冷方式进行散热。
在下面的描述中，X轴延伸的第一方向以下简称为“第一方向X”与Y轴延伸的第二方向以下简称为“第二方向Y”为两个相互垂直的方向，结合图1所示，电池冷板整体呈方形，第一方向X即为电池冷板左右的长度方向，第二方向Y为电池冷板上下的宽度方向。当然，在其他实施例中，第一方向X也可以为电池冷板的宽度方向，而第二方向Y为电池冷板的长度方向。
如图1及图2所示，电池冷板沿冷却液体流动方向包括依次连通设置的总进口10a、进口汇流管路20a、多个支路31/32/33、出口汇流管路20b、及总出口10b。总进口10a与总出口10b为电池冷板的两个外接口，可以用于分别连接至循环泵的两个循环端口。冷却液体经总进口10a流入到电池冷板内，依次经过进口汇流管路20a、多个支路31/32/33、出口汇流管路20b后，从总出口10b流出电池冷板，流回循环泵。
进口汇流管路20a与出口汇流管路20b为两个汇流管路，分别设置在总进口10a与总出口10b处。进口汇流管路20a与出口汇流管路20b均各自沿第一方向X延伸设置。总进口10a连通至进口汇流管路20a在第一方向X上的中间位置，冷却液体经总进口10a进入到进口汇流管路20a后，沿第一方向X分别向进口汇流管路20a的两端流动，使得冷却液体在进口汇流管路20a中的流程为进口汇流管路20a长度的一半，从而可以减小冷却液体在进口汇流管路20a中的沿程流阻。
总进口10a处设置有进口腔11a，总进口10a经进口腔11a与进口汇流管路20a连通。进口腔11a呈方形，进口腔11a内设置有多个进口凸起12a，多个进口凸起12a阵列排布，多个进口凸起12a也可以对进入进口腔11a的冷却液体用于分流，避免冷却液体在该位置过于集中而增加流动阻力。
进口汇流管路20a内设置有多个第一导流条21a，多个第一导流条21a沿第一方向X延伸及间隔排布。多个第一导流条21a沿第一方向X延伸，利用第一导流条21a可以使得进入 进口汇流管路20a的冷却液体沿第一导流条21a进行流动，即沿着第一方向X流动，从而降低冷却液体在进口汇流管路20a内的流动阻力。多个第一导流条21a沿第一方向X间隔排布，部分冷却液体可以在多个导流条之间的间隙中流向支路。
本实施例中，多个第一导流条21a沿第二方向Y排列成两排，以更好的达到导流降低流阻的效果，同时可以将更多冷却液体导流至远离总进口10a的支路处。在其他实施例中，根据电池冷板在第一方向X上的长度及导流需要，可以将多个第一导流条21a设置为一排、或三排、或更多排。
多个支路31/32/33沿第一方向X并排设置，且在第二方向Y上位于进口汇流管路20a与出口汇流管路20b之间。各所述支路在所述第二方向Y上的两端经若干节流口连通至进口汇流管路20a和出口汇流管路20b。
各支路31/32/33内沿第一方向X排布有多条子支路，各子支路沿第二方向Y延伸设置，同一支路内的多条子支路的端部连通，使得进入支路内的冷却液体从子支路的一端进入到子支路内、从子支路的另一端流出子支路。
在本实施例中，支路数量为六个，在第一方向X上，以总进口10a与总出口10b中心所在位置的连线为中轴线，中轴线两侧的分别设置有三个支路，中轴线两侧的结构大致相同，此处以其中一侧为例描述三个支路的结构。为了方便描述，三个支路分别为第一支路31、第二支路32、及第三支路33。第二支路32排布在第一支路31与第三支路33之间。第一支路31相对第三支路33靠近总进口10a及总出口10b。
第一支路31的一端经一第一进节流口31a连通至进口汇流管路20a、另一端经一第一出节流口31b连通至出口汇流管路20b。在第一支路31上，第一进节流口31a为一个，第一出节流口31b为一个。第一支路31内设置有多条第一子支路310。此处，可以根据第一支路31内第一子支路310的数量来确定第一进节流口31a、第一出节流口31b，当第一子支路310的数量较多时，为了使冷却液体能够进入到所有第一子支路310内，可以设置两个以上第一进节流口31a；为了使冷却液体能及时从第一支路31内流出，避免第一支路31内压力过大，第一出节流口31b也可以设置为两个以上，此时，各第一出节流口31b与各第一进节流口31a的横截面面积是相同，因而通过数量设置来调整冷却液体的流量，当然，在其他实施方式中，可以保持第一出节流口31b与第一进节流口31a均为一个，而通过增加或减小横截面面积来调整冷却液体的流量。
第一进节流口31a与总进口10a之间的距离小于第一出节流口31b与总出口10b之间的距离，使得进入进口汇流管路20a的冷却液体流动较短距离即可进入到第一支路31内，使得冷却液体易于进入到第一支路31内，降低冷却液体进入第一支路31的阻力。在本实施例中，第一出节流口31b的横截面面积等于第一进节流口31a的横截面面积，以方便加工成型。为了进一步降低第一支路31与出口汇流管路20b之间的流阻，可以设置第一出节流口31b的横截面面积大于第一进节流口31a的横截面面积。
在第一支路31中，第一支路31在第一方向X上具有相对的第一侧311和第二侧312。本实施例中，第一侧311相对第二侧312靠近总进口及总出口。当然，在其他实施方式中，也可以是，第二侧312相对第一侧311靠近总进口及总出口。
多条第一子支路310的端部与第一进节流口31a之间形成有进汇流腔30a，沿第一侧311至第二侧312的方向，进汇流腔30a在第二方向Y上的尺寸逐渐减小，使得进汇流腔30a处大致呈三角的楔形结构。第一进节流口31a位于进汇流腔30a在第二方向Y上的尺寸较大的位置处，即第一进节流口31a位于靠近第一侧311处，进汇流腔30a在靠近第一进节流口31a 处的空间较大，使得冷却液体易于进入到第一支路31内，降低进入第一支路31的流阻。
多条第一子支路310的端部与第一出节流口31b之间形成有出汇流腔30b，沿第一侧311至第二侧312的方向，出汇流腔30b在第二方向Y上的尺寸逐渐增大，使得出汇流腔30b处大致呈三角的楔形结构。第一出节流口31b位于出汇流腔30b在第二方向Y上的尺寸较大的位置处，即第一出节流口31b位于靠近第二侧312处。出汇流腔30b在靠近第一出节流口31b处的空间较大，使得冷却液体易于汇聚到出汇流腔30b靠近第一出节流口31b的位置处，进而利于冷却液体从第一出节流口31b流出到出口汇流管路20b内，降低冷却液体从第一支路31流出时的流阻。
沿第一侧311至第二侧312的方向，进汇流腔30a在第二方向Y上的尺寸逐渐减小，而出汇流腔30b在第二方向Y上的尺寸逐渐增大，可以使得靠近第一侧311的第一子支路310的进口较大而出口较小，靠近第二侧312的第一子支路310的进口小而出口较大，可以保证冷却液体在不同第一子支路310的流速大致相同，保证各第一子支路310内冷却液体流动的均衡性。多个支路中，最靠近外接口的位置的支路即如本实施例中的第一支路，其中的子支路数量最多，且在该支路中，进汇流腔和出回流腔均呈楔形，以保证多条子支路之间的均衡，而在其他支路，如第二支路和第三支路中，子支路的数量相对较少，进汇流腔和出回流腔均设置为方形即可。
第二支路32的一端经两个第二进节流口32a连通至进口汇流管路20a、另一端经两个第二出节流口32b连通至出口汇流管路20b。第二支路32内设置有多条第二子支路321。第三支路33的一端经三个第三进节流口33a连通至进口汇流管路20a、另一端经三个第三出节流口33b连通至出口汇流管路20b。第三支路33内设置有多条第三子支路331。
在本实施例中，第一进节流口31a、第二进节流口32a、及第三进节流口33a三者的孔径即横截面面积相同，由于第一进节流口31a为一个，第二进节流口32a为两个，第三进节流口33a为三个，一个第一进节流口31a的总横截面面积、两个第二进节流口32a的总横截面面积、三个第三进节流口33a的总横截面面积依次增大，即靠近总进口10a的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积小于远离总进口10a的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积，通过逐渐增大远离总进口10a的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积，可以降低进入远离总进口10a的支路的流阻。
由于第一进节流口31a、第二进节流口32a、及第三进节流口33a三者的孔径即横截面面积相同，根据支路与总进口10a之间的距离进行节流口的数量设计，即可降低冷却液体进入远离总进口10a的支路的流阻，方便进行结构布局设计。
此处，在其他实施例中，第二进节流口32a、第三进节流口33a的数量可以均为一个，此时，第二进节流口32a的孔径即横截面面积要大于第一进节流口31a的横截面面积，第三进节流口33a的孔径即横截面面积要大于第二进节流口32a的横截面面积。
另外，第一进节流口31a、第二进节流口32a、及第三进节流口33a三者数量逐渐增多的同时，可以设置三者的横截面面积也逐渐增加，以进一步降低进入第二支路、第三支路的流阻。
在本实施例中，第一出节流口31b、第二出节流口32b、及第三出节流口33b三者的孔径即横截面面积相同，由于第一出节流口31b为一个，第二出节流口32b为两个，第三出节流口33b为三个，一个第一出节流口31b的总横截面面积、两个第二出节流口32b的总横截面面积、三个第三出节流口33b的总横截面面积依次增大，即靠近总出口10b的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积小于远离总出口10b的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积，通过逐渐增大远 离总出口10b的支路的若干节流口总横截面面积，可以降低流出远离总出口10b的支路的流阻。
由于第一出节流口31b、第二出节流口32b、及第三出节流口33b三者的孔径即横截面面积相同，根据支路与总出口10b之间的距离进行出节流口的数量设计，即可降低冷却液体流出远离总出口10b的支路的流阻，方便进行结构布局设计。
此处，在其他实施例中，第二出节流口32b、第三出节流口33b的数量可以均为一个，此时，第二出节流口32b的孔径即横截面面积要大于第一出节流口31b的横截面面积，第三出节流口33b的孔径即横截面面积要大于第二出节流口32b的横截面面积。
另外，第一出节流口31b、第二出节流口32b、及第三出节流口33b三者数量逐渐增多的同时，可以设置三者的横截面面积也逐渐增加，以进一步降低流出第二支路、第三支路的流阻。
第一支路31中第一子支路310的数量大于第二支路32中第二子支路321的数量，第二支路32中的第二子支路321的数量与第三支路33中的第三子支路331的数量相同。更具体地，在本实施例中，第一子支路310为十个，第二子支路321为四个，第三子支路331为四个。当然，第一子支路310、第二子支路321、及第三子支路331的数量并不局限于此，可以根据需要设置其他数量。
相对离总进口10a较近的第一支路31的第一子支路310的数量较多，相对离总进口10a较远的第二子支路321、第三子支路331的数量较少，可以降低冷却液体进入第二支路32、第三支路33时的流阻。
所有支路中的子支路的宽度即横截面面积相同，即多个第一子支路310、多个第二子支路321、多个第三子支路331的横截面面积相同，可以使得冷却液体在各子支路内的流阻是相同的，同时多个子支路内的冷却液体体积相同，保证电池冷板各位置处散热的均匀性。结合前述数量关系的描述可知，在第一方向X上，第一支路31的尺寸大于第二支路32、第三支路33的尺寸。
出口汇流管路20b内设置有多个第二导流条21b，多个第二导流条21b沿第一方向X延伸及间隔排布。多个第二导流条21b沿第一方向X延伸，利用第二导流条21b可以使得进入进口汇流管路20a的冷却液体沿第二导流条21b进行流动，即沿着第一方向X流动，从而降低冷却液体在进口汇流管路20a内的流动阻力。多个第二导流条21b沿第一方向X间隔排布，部分冷却液体可以在多个导流条之间的间隙中流入出口汇流管路20b。
总出口10b处设置有出口腔11b，总出口10b经出口腔11b与出口汇流管路20b连通。出口腔11b呈方形，出口腔11b内设置有多个出口凸起12b，多个出口凸起12b阵列排布，多个出口凸起12b也可以对流出出口腔11b的冷却液体用于分流，避免冷却液体在该位置过于集中而增加流动阻力。
在本实施例中，如图3及图4所示，电池冷板包括平行设置的第一板体100和第二板体200，第一板体100和第二板体200均为导热板材制成，以利于热传递。第一板体100经冲压在板体表面形成腔体101及多个凸筋102，多个凸筋102位于腔体101内，凸筋102将腔体101分隔形成多个用于冷却液体通过的管路，即可以将腔体101分隔为两个汇流管路20a/20b、多个支路31/32/33、及位于支路内的多个子支路。第二板体200上设置多个对接孔202，多个对接孔202与多个凸筋102对应设置，多个凸筋102抵接于多个对接孔202内，以便实现第一板体100与第二板体200之间的定位连接。凸筋102与对接孔202可以为过盈配合，以便使得凸筋102与对接处紧密连接，保证多个支路31/32/33之间是相互隔离的，避免冷却液体 在支路之间流动。对接孔202与凸筋102之间可以设置导热密封胶，以进一步保证二者连接处是密封的。
本实施中，对接孔202为通孔，以便于通过冲压加工成型，凸筋102连接在对接孔202中，对接孔202内填充导热密封胶，以使得对接孔202处在第二板体200的外表面处是平齐的，以利于与电池的贴合。当然，在其他实施方式中，对接孔202还可以为盲孔。作为另外的实施方式，第二板体200上也可以不设置对接孔202。
另外，本公开实施例还提供了一种电池系统，该电池系统包括电池及上述的电池冷板，电池冷板贴合于电池，电池冷板能够对电池通过液冷方式进行散热。
本公开提供的电池冷板和电池系统，电池冷板的总进口与总出口放置于冷板的中间位置，冷却液体从中间位置的总进口进入冷板后，需向两侧流动，经多个支路后，再从中间位置的总出口流出冷板，使得冷却液体在电池冷板内的流动管路大致呈U型结构。汇流管路根据电池的排布尽量采用多路并联，即设置多排导流条，以减小汇流管路的沿程阻力。支路的数量根据汇流长度与支路长度进行匹配确定。其中为保证单个分流支路中流量分配的均一性，每个之路中根据距节流口与总进口、总出口的远近进行节流口设计。本公开的电池冷板的流道结构排布，最大限度地降低了相同流量下、相同面积电池冷板内的流阻，从而利于降低系统对水泵的功率需求，进而降低了系统的成本，同时，低流阻的冷板结构，在水泵功率一定的情况下，可以尽量增大电池冷板的流量，进而减小进出口的温差。
本公开提供的电池冷板和电池系统，电池冷板的外接口采用一进一出结构，通过中间进中间出的进出口方式，将汇流管路的沿程长度减半，分流的支路采用最大化的原则，通过并联支路越多，并联总管路流阻越小，进而将整个冷板的流阻设计为最小。采用本公开的电池冷板结构，可最大化的减小大冷板在大流量下的流阻，通过优化节流口的孔径即横截面面积，将各支路的流量分配均匀，从而提升整个冷板的换热性能；在降低流阻下，使得电池冷板适用于大尺寸的电池冷板结构，能够减小水泵的功率，从而降低整车系统的成本。
在前述实施例的描述中，可以理解地，第一导流条21a与第二导流条21b为设置在不同汇流管路内时的命名，即，汇流管路内可以设置多个导流条，多个导流条沿第一方向X延伸及间隔排布，利用导流条可以使得进入汇流管路的冷却液体沿导流条进行流动，即沿着第一方向X流动，从而降低冷却液体在汇流管路内的流动阻力，多个导流条可以设置为一排、或两排以上。
在前述实施例的描述中，可以理解地，第一支路31、第二支路32、第三支路33为多个支路中根据位置不同进行的命名，可理解为支路的不同具体实现方式。第一子支路、第二子支路、第三子支路同理。
在前述实施例的描述中，可以理解地，第一进节流口31a、第二进节流口32a、第三进节流口33a，是根据进节流口的在不同支路上的命名，为进节流口的不同实现方式，相应，第一出节流口31b、第二出节流口32b、第三出节流口33b，是根据出节流口的在不同支路上的命名，为出节流口的不同实现方式，在某个支路上，尤其是靠近外接口的支路上，进节流口与出节流口的数量开均为一个，此时，可以设置进节流口与总进口10a之间的距离小于出节流口与总出口10b之间的距离，使得进入进口汇流管路20a的冷却液体流动较短距离即可进入到支路内，使得冷却液体易于进入到支路内，同时，进节流口与出节流口分别靠近支路相对的两侧设置，可以使得进入该支路内的冷却液体能够流经所有子支路。同一所述支路中的进节流口与出节流口的数量可以相同，出节流口的横截面面积可以设置为大于进节流口的横截面面积，以降低支路与出口汇流管路之间的流阻，或者出节流口的横截面面积与进节流口 的横截面面积可以相等。
同时，进节流口与出节流口又是节流口的不同实现方式。进节流口及出节流口的数量及横截面面积设计可以控制进入到支路内的冷却液体的流量及流速。靠近外接口的支路上的节流口数量小于远离外接口的支路上的节流口数量，以使得冷却液体易于进入远离外接口的支路。各节流口的横截面面积可以是相同的，以便于加工成型，或者，靠近外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积小于远离外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积，也可以使得冷却液体易于进入远离外接口的支路。
在前述实施例的描述中，可以理解地，进汇流腔30a与出汇流腔30b，是根据汇流腔在不同位置处的命名，为进汇流腔30a与出汇流腔30b的不同实现方式，汇流腔的形状即可以用于第一支路31，也可以用于其他支路，汇流腔的形状尤其适用于支路上进节流口与出节流口均为一个的情况下，在该支路中，多个子支路的端部与节流口之间可以形成有汇流腔，在第一方向X上，自靠近节流口至远离节流口，汇流腔在第二方向Y上的尺寸逐渐减小，使得冷却液体易于进出支路，降低进出支路的流阻。
在前述实施例的描述中，可以理解地，进口腔11a与出口腔为接口腔的不同实现方式，外接口处可以设置接口腔，外接口经接口腔与汇流管路连通。接口腔呈方形，进口腔11a内设置有多个凸起，多个凸起阵列排布，多个凸起也可以对进出接口腔的冷却液体用于分流，避免冷却液体在该位置过于集中而增加流动阻力。
在前述实施例中，位于第一方向X上两端的两个支路内的子支路的数量略有差异，此处，为了保证两端流阻的均衡形，位于第一方向X上两端的两个支路内的子支路的数量可以设置为相同，另外，以两个所述外接口的中心所在位置的连线为中轴线，所述电池冷板在所述中轴线两侧的结构可以设置为完全对称结构，以保证两侧流阻的一致。
在前述实施例中，支路的数量为6个，中间位置的两侧分别为3个支路，冷却液体可以从中间位置的总进口进入，沿进口汇流管路朝两端流动，经过支路后，再从两边经出口汇流管路流回总出口。需要说明的是，支路的数量并不局限于此，在空间位置足够的条件下，尽量多的支路进行分流，支路的数量可以根据电池电芯的排布或者散热需求进行设计，从降低流阻的设计角度，在确定支路的数量设计时：若电池冷板在第一方向上的尺寸大于电池冷板在第二方向上的尺寸的2倍，支路数量根据电池电芯散热面需求角度，采用多并联支路设计，如在上述实施例的基础上，再增加第四、第五支路，即增加支路的数量；如电池冷板在第一方向上的尺寸小于电池冷板在第二方向上的尺寸的2倍，可以采用一半电池冷板长度的尺寸结合子支路的宽度进行支路设计，如本实施例中，支路的数量为6个。此处，电池冷板为方形，其在第一方向上的尺寸相对大于第二方向上的尺寸，因而第一方向上的尺寸为电池冷板的长度，第二方向上的尺寸为电池冷板的宽度，故一半电池冷板的长度即为电池冷板在第一方向上尺寸的一半。由于子支路为沿第二方向设置长条形，可以理解地，子支路的长度为其在第二方向上的尺寸，子支路的宽度为其在第一方向上的尺寸，这样能够进一步均衡整个冷板的流道流阻，提高冷却散热能力。
以上是本公开的实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池冷板，其特征在于，包括两个外接口、两个汇流管路、及多个支路；
    各所述汇流管路均沿第一方向延伸设置，两个所述外接口分别连通至两个所述汇流管路在所述第一方向上的中间位置；
    多个所述支路沿所述第一方向并排设置，且在第二方向上位于两个所述汇流管路之间；各所述支路在所述第二方向上的两端分别经至少一个节流口连通至两个所述汇流管路；所述第一方向与所述第二方向为两个相互垂直的方向；靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口总横截面面积小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口总横截面面积；
    所述支路内沿第一方向排布有多条子支路，各所述子支路沿第二方向延伸设置，同一所述支路内的多条子支路的端部连通，所有所述子支路的横截面面积相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量等于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口数量。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，各所述节流口的横截面面积是相同的。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，靠近所述外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积小于远离所述外接口的支路上的节流口横截面面积。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，靠近所述外接口的支路内的子支路数量大于远离所述外接口的支路内的子支路数量。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所有支路中的所有子支路的横截面积相同。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，两个所述外接口分别为总进口与总出口，两个所述汇流管路分别为进口汇流管路与出口汇流管路，所述总进口、所述进口汇流管路、多个所述支路、所述出口汇流管路、及所述总出口依次连通，所述支路与所述进口汇流管路之间的节流口为进节流口，所述支路与所述出口汇流管路之间的节流口为出节流口。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，在同一所述支路中的进节流口与出节流口的数量相同，所述出节流口的横截面面积大于或等于所述进节流口的横截面面积。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，靠近所述总进口的支路上包括第一进节流口和第一出节流口，所述第一进节流口与所述总进口之间的距离小于所述第一出 节流口与所述总出口之间的距离。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，在一所述支路中，所述支路在所述第一方向上具有相对的第一侧和第二侧，多个所述子支路的端部与所述进节流口之间形成有进汇流腔，多个所述子支路的端部与所述出节流口之间形成有出汇流腔；
    沿所述第一侧至第二侧的方向，所述进汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸逐渐减小，所述出汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸逐渐增大；
    所述进节流口位于所述进汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸较大的位置处；
    所述出节流口位于所述出汇流腔在第二方向上的尺寸较大的位置处。
  12. 根据权利要求8至11任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，总进口处设置有进口腔，所述总进口经所述进口腔与所述进口汇流管路连通，所述进口腔内设置有多个进口凸起，所述多个进口凸起阵列排布。
  13. 根据权利要求8至12任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，总出口处设置有出口腔，所述总出口经所述出口腔与所述出口汇流管路连通，所述出口腔内设置有多个出口凸起，所述多个出口凸起阵列排布。
  14. 根据权利要求8至13任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所述进口汇流管路内设置有多个第一导流条，所述多个第一导流条沿第一方向延伸及间隔排布。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所述多个第一导流条沿第二方向排列成一排或多排。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，以两个所述外接口的中心所在位置的连线为中轴线，所述电池冷板在所述中轴线两侧的结构是对称的。
  17. 根据权利要求1至16任一项所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所述电池冷板包括第一板体和与第一板体相对的第二板体，所述第一板体在表面形成腔体及多个凸筋，所述多个凸筋位于所述腔体，所述凸筋将所述腔体分隔形成所述两个汇流管路、所述多个支路、及所述多条子支路，所述第二板体上设置多个对接孔，所述多个对接孔与所述多个凸筋对应设置，所述多个凸筋抵接于所述多个对接孔内，以便实现第一板体与第二板体之间的定位连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所述多个凸筋与所述多个对接孔为过盈配合。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的电池冷板，其特征在于，所述对接孔为通孔。
  20. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括电池及权利要求1-19任一项所述的电池冷板，所述电池冷板贴合于所述电池。
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