WO2023246494A1 - 为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法 - Google Patents

为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023246494A1
WO2023246494A1 PCT/CN2023/098443 CN2023098443W WO2023246494A1 WO 2023246494 A1 WO2023246494 A1 WO 2023246494A1 CN 2023098443 W CN2023098443 W CN 2023098443W WO 2023246494 A1 WO2023246494 A1 WO 2023246494A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fixing mechanism
clamp
bedding
bed
locking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/098443
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴建平
姜瑞祥
姜建国
韩永刚
杜海福
韩大峰
申书志
王殿刚
王万全
郭玉强
韩大华
李书印
韩杰
Original Assignee
北京华商慧智居家养老服务有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京华商慧智居家养老服务有限公司 filed Critical 北京华商慧智居家养老服务有限公司
Publication of WO2023246494A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246494A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/001—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons with means for turning-over the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of bed equipment, and in particular to a device and method for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons.
  • the daily care of disabled people is a labor-intensive job, such as moving and supporting the bed of the disabled person, changing sheets and other bedding for the disabled person, or turning the disabled person over, etc., all of which are difficult for the nursing staff. Physical strength and endurance put forward extremely high demands. It is difficult for a single caregiver to complete the daily care work of a disabled person. It usually requires the cooperation of multiple people to complete, and the experience of the disabled person is not good in the process.
  • the invention provides a device and method for displacing, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons, which is used to help disabled persons to displace, turn over and change bedding, so as to reduce the labor intensity of nursing staff and improve the performance of disabled persons. experience.
  • the invention provides a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons, including:
  • a fixing mechanism includes a first fixing mechanism and a second fixing mechanism, the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism are respectively arranged on both sides of the bed used to support the disabled person, the bed Bedding is laid on the body, and the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism are respectively used to connect with both sides of the bedding; and
  • the moving mechanism includes a lifter and a clamp.
  • the clamp includes a first clamp and a second clamp respectively arranged on both sides of the bed.
  • the first clamp and the The second clamp is used to clamp or loosen the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism respectively, and the first clamp and the second clamp are both connected to the lifter. connected; connected
  • first clamp clamps the first fixing mechanism and the second clamp also clamps the second fixing mechanism, then the lifter can drive the first clamp and The movement of the second clamp allows the first fixing mechanism, the second fixing mechanism, the bedding and the disabled person to leave the bed to replace the bedding;
  • One of the first clamp and the second clamp clamps one of the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism, then the lifter, the first clamp and When the second clamp moves, the first fixing mechanism or the second fixing mechanism can drive one side of the bedding away from the bed, thereby allowing the disabled person to shift and/or turn over.
  • the first clamp includes a first diamond-shaped telescopic frame and a first clamping jaw disposed below the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame, and the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame is connected to the lifter,
  • the lifter can drive the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame to deform, thereby closing or opening the first clamping jaw to clamp or release the first fixing mechanism;
  • the second clamp includes a second diamond-shaped telescopic frame and a second clamping jaw arranged below the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame.
  • the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame is connected to the lifter, and the lifter can be driven.
  • the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame deforms, thereby causing the second clamping jaw to close or open to clamp or release the second fixing mechanism.
  • the lifter includes:
  • a guide wheel which is arranged on the side of the second fixed pulley away from the first fixed pulley
  • a first traction rope passes through the guide wheel and the first fixed pulley in sequence and is connected to the first clamp and the driving mechanism respectively;
  • a second traction rope passes through the guide wheel and the second fixed pulley in turn, and is connected to the second clamp and the driving mechanism respectively;
  • the driving mechanism can simultaneously drive the first clamp and the second clamp through the first traction rope and the second traction rope to respectively clamp the first fixing mechanism and the second fixation mechanism;
  • the driving mechanism can respectively drive the first clamp and the second clamp to clamp the first fixing mechanism and the second clamp through the first traction rope or the second traction rope.
  • One of the fixed mechanisms can respectively drive the first clamp and the second clamp to clamp the first fixing mechanism and the second clamp through the first traction rope or the second traction rope.
  • it also includes locking mechanisms respectively provided on the bed body.
  • the locking mechanism fixes the other of the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism and the other side of the bedding.
  • the locking mechanism includes:
  • a first locking hook is provided on one side of the bed and corresponds to the first fixing mechanism, and a first arm is provided on the first locking hook;
  • a second locking hook is provided on the other side of the bed and corresponds to the second fixing mechanism, and a second arm is provided on the second locking hook;
  • a transverse link, the first end and the second end of the transverse link are rotationally connected to the first arm and the second arm respectively;
  • a first push rod which is fixed on the bed body and connected with the transverse link, and is used to drive the transverse link to move in its extension direction;
  • the angle between the transverse link and the first arm and the angle between the link and the second arm can be changed,
  • the first locking hook is locked with the first fixing mechanism, or the second locking hook is locked with the second fixing mechanism.
  • a first bracket and a second bracket are respectively provided on both sides of the bed, and a first groove for placing the first fixing mechanism is provided on the first bracket, so The second bracket is provided with a second groove for placing the second fixing mechanism;
  • the first arm is rotatably connected to the first bracket, and the second arm is rotatably connected to the second bracket,
  • the locking mechanism includes:
  • a first locking claw which is provided on one side of the bed and corresponds to the first fixing mechanism
  • a second locking claw which is provided on the other side of the bed and corresponds to the second fixing mechanism
  • a second connecting rod is rotationally connected to the second locking pawl, and the second connecting rod is also rotationally connected to the first connecting rod;
  • the angle between the first link and the first locking pawl and the angle between the second link and the third link can be changed.
  • the angle between the two locking claws causes the first locking claw to lock with the first fixing mechanism, or the second locking claw with the second fixing mechanism to lock.
  • the bed is provided with a rotation axis extending along its length direction;
  • a first strut and a second strut are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, wherein the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are rotationally connected through the first strut;
  • the second support rod is connected to a second push rod fixed on the bed body.
  • the second push rod drives the second support rod to drive the rotation shaft to rotate, thereby changing the first connecting rod.
  • the number of the locking mechanisms is at least two, and the at least two locking mechanisms are connected through the rotation shaft so that the at least two locking mechanisms act synchronously.
  • the first fixing mechanism is configured as a first winding roller, and the second fixing mechanism is configured as a second winding roller;
  • both sides of the bedding are respectively wound on the first winding roller and the second winding roller to be connected with the first winding roller and the second winding roller;
  • Both sides of the bedding are detachably connected to the first connecting body on the first winding roller and the second connecting body on the second winding roller respectively.
  • the present invention provides a method for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for a disabled person, which includes the following steps:
  • the first clamp and the second clamp clamp the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism respectively, and the lifter drives the first clamp and the second clamp to move, so that the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism are moved.
  • the fixed mechanism, bedding and disabled person leave the bed to change the bedding; or
  • the advantage of the present invention is that by clamping the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism respectively with the first clamp and the second clamp, the lifter can drive the first clamp and the second clamp.
  • the clamp moves, and then the first fixing mechanism, the second fixing mechanism, the bedding and the disabled person can leave the bed, thereby facilitating the replacement of the bedding. Therefore, relying on the fixing mechanism and the moving mechanism, the disabled person can leave the bed , without the need for caregivers to pay a significant amount of labor, thus reducing the burden of care.
  • the disabled person leaves the bed he leaves the bed together with the bedding, so the force on each part of the disabled person is relatively even, thereby improving his experience.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for a disabled person in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3a is a front view of a device for displacing, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons in an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which both sides of the bedding are lifted simultaneously;
  • Figure 3b is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the bed and the locking mechanism on the bed;
  • Figure 4a is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons in one embodiment of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the right side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 4b is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons in another embodiment of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the right side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 5a is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons in one embodiment of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the left side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 5b is a front view of a device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons in one embodiment of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the left side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 6 is a top view of a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7a is a front view of one embodiment of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 1, which shows the state in which the locking mechanism is unlocked from the first fixing mechanism and the second fixing mechanism respectively;
  • Figure 7b is a front view of one embodiment of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 1, which shows the state in which the locking mechanism is locked with the first fixing mechanism and unlocked with the second fixing mechanism;
  • Figure 7c is a front view of one embodiment of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 1, which shows the state in which the locking mechanism is unlocked with the first fixing mechanism and locked with the second fixing mechanism;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first locking hook shown in Figure 7a;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first clamp shown in Figure 1, which shows the state of the first clamp releasing the first fixing mechanism
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the second fixing mechanism shown in Figure 1, which shows the state with the right side of the bedding wrapped around it;
  • Figure 11a is a front view of another embodiment of the device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons according to the present invention, which shows the state in which the locking mechanism is locked with the first fixing mechanism and unlocked with the second fixing mechanism. ;
  • Figure 11b is a front view of another embodiment of the device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the right side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 11c is a schematic structural diagram of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 11a;
  • Figure 11d is a front view of another embodiment of the device for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled persons of the present invention, which shows a state in which only the right side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 12a is a front view of another embodiment of the device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons according to the present invention, which shows the state of the locking mechanism being unlocked from the first fixing mechanism and locked from the second fixing mechanism. , and shows the state where only the left side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 12b is a schematic structural diagram of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 12a;
  • Figure 12c is a front view of another embodiment of the device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons according to the present invention, which shows the state in which the locking mechanism is unlocked with the first fixing mechanism and locked with the second fixing mechanism. , and shows the state where only the left side of the bedding is lifted;
  • Figure 13 is a top view of another embodiment of the locking mechanism shown in Figure 11a;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of Figure 13 at I;
  • Figure 15a is a front view of one embodiment of the lifter in the device for moving, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons according to the present invention
  • Figure 15b is a top view of the lifter shown in Figure 15a;
  • Figure 16a is a front view of another embodiment of the lifter in the device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons according to the present invention
  • Figure 16b is a top view of the lifter shown in Figure 16a;
  • Figure 17a is a schematic structural diagram of the first clamp with a self-locking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, where the first clamp is in an open state;
  • Figure 17b is a schematic structural diagram of the first clamp with a self-locking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention, where the first clamp is in a closed state;
  • Figure 18 is a side view of the self-locking mechanism shown in Figure 17a;
  • Figure 19a is a front view of the self-locking mechanism shown in Figure 17a, in which the two pressure plates of the self-locking mechanism are in a pressed state;
  • Figure 19b is a front view of the self-locking mechanism shown in Figure 17a, in which the two pressure plates of the self-locking mechanism are in a natural state.
  • the present invention provides a device for shifting, turning over and changing bedding for disabled persons, including a fixing mechanism 100, a moving mechanism 200, a bracket 500, A support bed 600 for a disabled person 900 and a locking mechanism 300, 400 provided on the bed 600.
  • the fixing mechanism 100 and the moving mechanism 200 are arranged on the bracket 500, and the bracket 500 has a space capable of accommodating the bed 600.
  • a traveling mechanism 800 (for example, a directional wheel and/or a universal wheel) is provided at the bottom of the support 500 and/or the bed 600.
  • the traveling mechanism 800 can push the bed 600 into the support 500 or away from the support 500. .
  • the support 500 can also be pushed to accommodate the bed 600 or move away from the bed 600 .
  • “disabled persons” refer to people who have lost the ability to take care of themselves. According to the analysis of internationally accepted standards, there are six indicators in total, such as eating, dressing, getting in and out of bed, going to the toilet, walking around indoors, and bathing. Those who are “unable to do” one or two items are defined as “mildly disabled”, and those who are “unable to do” three to four items are “mildly disabled.” “Cannot do” is defined as “moderate disability”, and five or six “cannot do” is defined as “severe disability”.
  • the bedding 700 can be bed sheets, blankets, mats, quilts and other bed-bedding products.
  • the present invention can fix the bedding 700 through the fixing mechanism 100, and drive the fixing mechanism 100 to move through the moving mechanism 200, so that the bedding 700 and the disabled person 900 on it can leave the bed 600, so that they can be repositioned on the bed 600. Install new bedding for 700.
  • the fixing mechanism 100 includes a first fixing mechanism 110 and a second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are respectively disposed on both sides of the bed 600 for supporting the disabled person.
  • bedding 700 is laid on the bed 600, and the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are respectively used to connect with both sides of the bedding 700.
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 is configured as a first winding roller
  • the second fixing mechanism 120 is configured as a second winding roller.
  • the first winding roller and the second winding roller both extend along the length direction of the bed 600 (ie, the Y-axis direction shown in FIG. 2).
  • the bed 600 can be provided with components specifically for placing the first winding roller and the second winding roller.
  • the first winding roller and the second winding roller can be easily placed on or removed from it, as will be described below. It is explained in detail.
  • both sides of the bedding 700 are respectively wound on the first fixing mechanism 110 (first winding roller) and the second fixing mechanism 120 (second winding roller) to cooperate with the first winding roller and the second winding roller.
  • the winding rollers are connected.
  • FIG. 10 it is shown that the right side of the bedding 700 is wound on the second fixing mechanism 120 and has been wound at least three times.
  • the left side of the bedding 700 can be rolled similarly. Wrap around the first fixing mechanism 110 . That is, in this preferred embodiment, the bed Both sides of the upper article 700 are fixedly connected to the first fixing mechanism 110 (first winding roller) and the second fixing mechanism 120 (second winding roller) in a rolling manner.
  • the moving mechanism 200 drives the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 to leave the bed 600
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are fixed to both sides of the bedding 700
  • the bedding can be moved 700 and the disabled person 900 on it leave the bed 600.
  • both sides of the bedding 700 are detachably connected to the first connecting body on the first winding roller and the second connecting body on the second winding roller respectively.
  • the first winding roller and the second winding roller are covered with connecting fabrics, and the connecting fabrics can be fixedly connected to both sides of the bedding 700 through zippers, etc., so that when the moving mechanism 200 drives the first fixed When the mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 leave the bed 600, they can drive the bedding 700 and the disabled person 900 thereon to leave the bed 600. That is, in this optional embodiment, both sides of the bedding 700 are fixedly connected to the first fixing mechanism 110 (first winding roller) and the second fixing mechanism 120 (second winding roller) through zipper connections. .
  • the above zipper connection method can also be replaced by a string connection method, a hook connection method, a Velcro adhesive connection method, or other connection methods.
  • the moving mechanism 200 includes a lifter 210 and a clamp 220.
  • the clamp 220 includes a first clamp 201 and a second clamp 202 respectively provided on both sides of the bed 600.
  • the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 are used to clamp or loosen the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 respectively, and the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 are both connected to the lifting mechanism.
  • device 210 is connected.
  • the lifter 210 can drive the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 , the second fixing mechanism 120 , the bedding 700 and the disabled person can leave the bed 600 to replace the bedding 700 .
  • the first clamp 201 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 on the left side where the bedding 700 is fixed, and the second clamp 202 clamps the right side where the bedding 700 is fixed.
  • the second fixing mechanism 120 clamps, and by starting the lifter 210, the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are simultaneously lifted, thereby allowing the bedding 700 and the disabled person to leave the bed 600.
  • the bed 600 can be pushed away from the bracket 500, so that new or additional bedding 700 can be laid on the bed 600.
  • the bed 600 can be pushed into the bracket 500, and the lifter 210 can be started to lower the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 at the same time, so that the original bedding 700 and the disabled person can be lowered.
  • the lifter 210 can be started to lower the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 at the same time, so that the original bedding 700 and the disabled person can be lowered.
  • Returning to the bed 600 returns to the state shown in Figure 1 .
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp.
  • the tensioner 202 moves, one of the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 and one side of the bedding 700 can be moved away from the bed 600, thereby allowing the disabled person to shift and/or turn over, thereby facilitating the movement of the disabled person.
  • the original bedding was removed for 700.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move downward. Since the second clamp 202 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120, the right side of the bedding 700 can be returned to the bed. 600, that is, return to the state shown in Figure 1. At this time, the original bedding 700 has been pushed to the back of the disabled person 900.
  • first clamp 201 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110, and the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move upward. Since the first clamp 201 clamps The first fixing mechanism 110 can make the left side of the bedding 700 leave the bed 600 . At this time, although the second clamp 202 also moves upward, it does not clamp the second fixing mechanism 120, so the second fixing mechanism 120 and the right side of the bedding 700 do not move.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move downward. Since the first clamp 201 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110, Then the left side of the bedding 700 can be returned to the bed 600, that is, back to the state shown in Figure 1. At this time, the original bedding 700 has been removed, and the new one laid under the disabled person 900 is the new one. Bedding 700.
  • the bedding 700 may not be replaced, but the disabled person 900 may be assisted to move or turn over.
  • the disabled person 900 may be assisted to move or turn over.
  • the state shown in FIG. 4a that is, the right side of the second fixing mechanism 120 and the bedding 700 is lifted, so that the disabled person 900 can turn over to the left side.
  • the state shown in FIG. 5a that is, the first fixing mechanism 110 and the left side of the bedding 700 are lifted, so that the disabled person 900 can turn over to the right side. It can be seen that the shifting or turning of the disabled person 900 can be easily completed by a nursing staff and maintains a better experience.
  • the first clamp 201 includes a first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 and a first clamping claw 222 disposed below the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221.
  • the first clamping claw 222 It can be closed or opened to clamp or release the first fixing mechanism 110 .
  • the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 is connected to the lifter 210.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 to deform so that the first clamping jaw 222 closes (as shown in Figure 3b) or opens (as shown in Figure 1).
  • the second clamp 202 includes a second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 and a second clamping jaw 224 disposed below the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223.
  • the second clamping jaw 224 can be closed or opened to Clamp or release the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 is connected to the lifter 210.
  • the lifter 210 drives the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 to deform so that the second clamping jaw 224 is closed (as shown in Figure 3b) or opened (as shown in Figure 1).
  • the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 and the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 are lowered to a suitable height.
  • the first clamping jaw 222 and the second clamping jaw 224 are in the open state, so they can be
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are placed therein. Therefore, it can be understood that both the first clamping jaw 222 and the second clamping jaw 224 can be configured as arc-shaped clamping jaws, so as to be able to cooperate with the cylindrical outer walls of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 to perform clamping on them. Clamp.
  • self-locking mechanisms 203 are respectively provided on them.
  • the following description takes the self-locking mechanism 203 on the first clamp 201 as an example.
  • the self-locking mechanism 203 is provided on the first clamping jaw 222 of the first clamp 201.
  • the self-locking mechanism 203 includes a central shaft 2031, a spring 2032 provided on the central shaft 2031, and a pressure plate 2033 connected to the end of the spring 2032.
  • the pressing plate 2033 is connected with the first clamping claw 222 . More specifically, the number of pressure plates 2033 is two. Both ends of the two pressure plates 2033 are connected to the springs 2032, and there is an included angle between the two pressure plates 2033. The movement direction of the two pressure plates 2033 is opposite to that of the first clamping claw 222 . That is to say, when the first clamping jaw 222 is opened, the two claws of the first clamping jaw 222 are far away from each other, and the two pressing plates 2033 are close to each other.
  • the angle between the two pressing plates 2033 is ⁇ 1 ; otherwise, When the first clamping jaw 222 is closed, that is, the two claws of the first clamping jaw 222 are close to each other, and the two pressing plates 2033 are away from each other. At this time, the angle between the two pressing plates 2033 is ⁇ 2 . Understandably, ⁇ 2 > ⁇ 1 .
  • the angle between the two pressure plates 2033 increases from ⁇ 1 in the pressed state shown in Figure 17a to ⁇ 2 in the natural state shown in Figure 19b, and when the spring 2032 Under the action of the elastic force, the two pressure plates 2033 will be maintained at an included angle ⁇ 2 , so that the first clamping claw 222 will tightly clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 without loosening, thereby preventing the first clamp 201 from being loosened. failure situation.
  • the first clamping jaw 222 can be opened only by applying force on the two pressure plates 2033. When there is no external force, the first clamping jaw 222 maintains the clamping state, thereby improving the safety of its clamping.
  • the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 of the first clamp 201 can play an auxiliary clamping role.
  • the first clamping claw 222 can be opened only when the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 is released (that is, it does not deform) and a force is exerted on the two pressure plates 2033 .
  • the first clamp 201 can clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 on the same side, and at the same time, the second clamp 202 can also Clamp the second fixing mechanism 120 on the same side so as to lift both sides of the bedding 700 at the same time to perform the replacement operation.
  • Figure 4a please combine with Figure 1 to put the second fixing mechanism 120 into the second clamp 224, and the lifter 210 pulls the second diamond telescopic frame 223, so that the second clamping jaw 224 closes and clamps the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the first diamond telescopic frame 221 is also stretched, the first fixing mechanism 110 is not placed in its first clamping jaw 222. Therefore, The first fixing mechanism 110 will not be pulled.
  • the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 rises, the right side of the second fixing mechanism 120 and the bedding 700 can be pulled up, thereby making it easier for the disabled person 900 to move or turn over (turn over to the left).
  • Figure 4a shows an example of turning the disabled person 900 to the left through the second clamp 202 and the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the second clamp 202 (the second rhombus telescopic frame 223, the second clamp 224) and the second fixing mechanism 120 on the same side are locked, thereby locking the right side of the bedding 700 (the orientation shown in Figure 4a) pull up.
  • FIG. 4b when the disabled person 900 is moved or turned over, the first clamp 201 (the first rhombus telescopic frame 221, the first clamping claw 222 ) and the second fixing mechanism 120 on the different side are locked, and the second clamp 202 does not clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 . Therefore, when the lifter 210 pulls the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 to rise, it can more advantageously clamp the second fixing mechanism 120 and the bedding 700 from the left to the right, and pull up the right side of the bedding 700, thereby making it easier to Disabled persons 900 shift or turn over (turn to the left).
  • the second clamp 202 can clamp the second fixing mechanism 120 on the same side as it to pull up the right side, or it can also When the first clamp 201 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 on a different side, the right side can also be pulled up.
  • Figure 5a combined with Figure 1, put the first fixing mechanism 110 into the first clamping jaw 222, and the lifter 210 pulls the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221, thereby closing the first clamping jaw 222 and clamping the first clamping jaw 222.
  • the fixing mechanism 110 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 are also stretched, the second fixing mechanism 120 is not placed in the second clamping jaw 224, so the second fixing mechanism 120 will not be pulled.
  • the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 rises, the left side of the bedding 700 can be pulled up, thereby making it easier for the disabled person 900 to move or turn over.
  • Figure 5a shows another example of turning the disabled person 900 to the right through the first clamp 201 and the first fixing mechanism 110.
  • the first clamp 201 (the first rhombus telescopic frame 221, the first clamp 222) and the first fixing mechanism 110 on the same side are locked, thereby locking the left side of the bedding 700 (the orientation shown in Figure 4a) pull up.
  • FIG. 5b when the disabled person 900 is moved or turned over, the second clamp 202 (the second rhombus telescopic frame 223, the second clamping claw 224 ) is locked with the first fixing mechanism 110 on the different side, and the first clamp 201 does not clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 . Therefore, when the lifter 210 pulls the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 to rise, it can more advantageously clamp the second fixing mechanism 120 and the left side of the bedding 700 from the right to the left, and pull up the left side of the bedding 700. This makes it easier for the disabled person 900 to shift or turn over (turn over to the right).
  • the first clamp 201 can clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 on the same side as it to pull up the left side, or it can also When the second clamp 202 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 on a different side, the right side can also be pulled up.
  • the lifter 210 includes a driving mechanism 211, a first fixed pulley 212, a second fixed pulley 213, a guide wheel 214, a first traction rope 215 and a second traction rope 216 .
  • the first fixed pulley 212 is provided above the first clamp 201 .
  • the second fixed pulley 213 is provided above the second clamp 202 .
  • the guide wheel 214 is disposed on the side of the second fixed pulley 213 away from the first fixed pulley 212 .
  • the first traction rope 215 passes through the guide wheel 214 and the first fixed pulley 212 in sequence, and is connected to the first clamp 201 and the driving mechanism 211 respectively.
  • the second traction rope 216 passes through the guide wheel 214 and the second fixed pulley 213 in sequence, and is connected to the second clamp 202 and the driving mechanism 211 respectively.
  • the number of guide wheels 214 is two, and the two guide wheels 214 are arranged side by side in the Z-axis direction.
  • the two guide wheels 214 are connected to the drive through the same traction rope. Institutions211.
  • the traction rope is divided into a first traction rope 215 and a second traction rope 216 after passing through the two guide wheels 214.
  • the first traction rope 215 and the second traction rope 216 are respectively connected with the first fixed pulley 212 and the second traction rope.
  • Fixed pulley 213. Therefore, the first fixed pulley 212 and the second fixed pulley 213 are staggered from each other in the Z-axis direction to ensure that they are aligned with corresponding guide wheels of the two guide wheels 214 respectively.
  • the number of guide wheels 214 is two, and the two guide wheels 214 are arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction.
  • the two guide wheels 214 are connected to the drive through the same traction rope. Institutions211.
  • the traction rope is divided into a first traction rope 215 and a second traction rope 216 after passing through the two guide wheels 214.
  • the first traction rope 215 and the second traction rope 216 are respectively connected with the first fixed pulley 212 and the second traction rope.
  • Fixed pulley 213. Therefore, the first fixed pulley 212 and the second fixed pulley 213 are staggered from each other in the Y-axis direction to ensure that they are aligned with corresponding guide wheels of the two guide wheels 214 respectively.
  • the driving mechanism 211 can simultaneously exert force on the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 through the first traction rope 215 and the second traction rope 216 .
  • the driving mechanism 211 can be configured as a suitable power mechanism such as an electric push rod, which will not be described again here.
  • an emergency stop mechanism may be provided on the driving mechanism 211 to prevent the first traction rope 215 and/or the second traction rope 216 from suddenly falling.
  • the driving mechanism 211 is connected to the first traction rope 215 and the second traction rope 216 through the rotatable joint 230 to ensure that when each rhombus telescopic frame connected below each traction rope rotates, each traction rope Will not be reversed.
  • the driving mechanism 211 when the driving mechanism 211 is driven, it will pull the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 at the same time, that is, the first clamp under the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223.
  • the claws 222 and the second clamping claws 224 are opened at the same time (as shown in Figure 1) or clamped at the same time (as shown in Figure 3a).
  • the above-mentioned clamping of only one of the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 means that the first clamping claw 222 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 , and the second clamping jaw 222 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the claws 224 do not clamp, and vice versa.
  • the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 are driven at the same time.
  • first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 can be driven by different driving mechanisms 211 .
  • first clamping jaw 222 is closed and clamps the first fixing mechanism 110
  • first rhombus telescopic frame 221 can be pulled
  • second clamping jaw 224 is closed and clamps the second fixing mechanism 120
  • only the second diamond-shaped telescopic frame 223 can be pulled.
  • the lifter 210 is disposed above the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 and pulls the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 to raise them or reduce.
  • the lifter 210 can also adopt other structures, such as being arranged below the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223 to push the first rhombus telescopic frame 221 and the second rhombus telescopic frame 223. to raise or lower it.
  • the number of lifters 210 may be multiple, such as three.
  • the plurality of lifters 210 are arranged sequentially along the length direction of the bed 600 . Therefore, the clamps 220 can also be provided in plural numbers accordingly, so that clamping can be performed at multiple positions on the first fixing mechanism 110 and at multiple positions on the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the plurality of lifters 210 need to drive their corresponding plurality of clamps 220 synchronously.
  • a control circuit is used to make the driving mechanisms 211 of the plurality of lifters 210 operate synchronously.
  • first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 are arranged symmetrically about the longitudinal centerline of the bed 600 to ensure uniform force application when the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 are raised and lowered at the same time.
  • the locking mechanisms 300, 400 lock the other of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • One and the other side of the bedding 700 are fixed. Two specific embodiments will be described below.
  • the locking mechanism 300 includes a first locking hook 310, a second locking hook 310 and a second locking hook 310. Hook 320, transverse link 330 and first push rod 340.
  • the first locking hook 310 is provided on one side (left side) of the bed 600 and corresponds to the first fixing mechanism 110. As shown in Figures 7a and 8, the first locking hook 310 is provided with a first arm 311.
  • the second locking hook 320 is provided on the other side (right side) of the bed 600 and corresponds to the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the second locking hook 320 is provided with a second arm 321 .
  • the first end and the second end of the transverse link 330 are rotationally connected to the first arm 311 and the second arm 321 respectively.
  • the first push rod 340 is fixed on the bed body 600 and connected with the transverse link 330 for driving the transverse link 330 to move in its extension direction.
  • the angle between the transverse link 330 and the first arm 311 and the angle between the transverse link 330 and the second arm 321 can be changed, so that the first locking hook 310 is locked with the first fixing mechanism 110, or the second locking hook 320 is locked with the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the first push rod 340 is not in action, and both the first arm 311 and the second arm 321 are substantially perpendicular to the transverse link 330 .
  • the first push rod 340 pushes the transverse link 330 to move to the left (negative direction of the X-axis), the angle between the first arm 311 and the transverse link 330 becomes smaller (becomes an acute angle), and the second The angle between arm 321 and transverse link 330 becomes larger (becomes an obtuse angle).
  • the first locking hook 310 at the front end of the first arm 311 is engaged with the first fixing mechanism 110
  • the second locking hook 320 at the front end of the second arm 321 is disengaged from the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the second clamp 202 (the second rhombus telescopic frame 223, the second clamp 224) clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 to drive the right side of the bedding 700 away from the bed 600, that is, the state shown in Figure 4a .
  • the first diamond-shaped telescopic frame 221 can be pulled to cause the first clamp 201 below to clamp the second fixing mechanism 120 to drive the right side of the bedding 700 away from the bed 600, that is, the state shown in Figure 4b.
  • the first push rod 340 pulls the transverse link 330 to move to the right (positive direction of the X-axis), the angle between the first arm 311 and the transverse link 330 becomes larger (becomes an obtuse angle), and the second The angle between arm 321 and transverse link 330 becomes smaller (becomes an acute angle).
  • the first locking hook 310 at the front end of the first arm 311 is separated from the first fixing mechanism 110, and the second locking hook 320 at the front end of the second arm 321 is engaged with the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • the first clamp 201 (the first rhombus telescopic frame 221, the first clamp 222) clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 to drive the bedding 700 The left side leaves the bed 600, which is the state shown in Figure 5a.
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 can be clamped by pulling the second clamp 202 (the second rhombus telescopic frame 223, the second clamping claw 224) to drive the left side of the bedding 700 away from the bed 600, as shown in Figure 5b displayed status.
  • a first bracket 350 and a second bracket 360 are respectively provided on both sides of the bed 600.
  • the first bracket 350 is provided with a third bracket for placing the first fixing mechanism 110.
  • a groove 351 is provided on the second bracket 360 for placing the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the first arm 311 is rotationally connected to the first bracket 350
  • the second arm 321 is rotationally connected to the second bracket 360.
  • the connection point between the first arm 311 and the first bracket 350 is shown as A1.
  • the connection point between the two arms 321 and the second bracket 360 is shown as B1.
  • A2 and A3 shown in FIG. 7a are the remaining two first arms 311 and the second arm 321 respectively.
  • the connection point of a bracket 350; B2 and B3 shown in Figure 7a are the connection points of the other two second arms 321 and the first bracket 350 respectively.
  • the following description will take one of the first arm 311 and the second arm 321 as an example.
  • the first locking hook 310 at the front end of the first arm 311 is disengaged from or engaged with the first fixing mechanism 110
  • the second locking hook 320 at the front end of the second arm 321 is disengaged from or engaged with the second fixing mechanism 120 Disengagement or engagement is achieved through horizontal movement of the transverse link 330 . Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of its movement, a sleeve 370 is also provided on the bed 600.
  • the transverse link 330 penetrates the sleeve 370.
  • the sleeve 370 can play a guiding role to ensure the smooth movement of the transverse link 330. sex.
  • the number of sleeves 370 can be set according to the situation.
  • the first locking hook 310 , the first arm 311 , the second locking hook 320 , the second arm 321 , and the transverse link 330 can each be provided with multiple (for example, three). Therefore, in order to ensure that each The locking hooks act synchronously to connect the plurality of transverse links 330 with the connecting shafts 380 on the bed body 600 .
  • the connecting shaft 380 extends along the length direction of the bed 600.
  • the first push rod 340 is connected to each transverse link 330 through the connecting shaft 380. Therefore, when the first push rod 340 pushes the connecting shaft 380 to move, it can drive multiple transverse links. 330 movement.
  • FIG. 11a Please refer to FIG. 11a and in combination with FIG. 11b, FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b.
  • the differences from the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, that is, another implementation of the locking mechanism 400, will be highlighted.
  • the locking mechanism 400 includes a first locking pawl 410 , a second locking pawl 420 , a first link 430 and a second link 440 .
  • the first locking claw 410 is provided on one side of the bed 600 and corresponds to the first fixing mechanism 110 .
  • the second locking claw 420 is provided on the other side of the bed body 600 and corresponds to the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the first connecting rod 430 is rotationally connected to the first locking pawl 410 .
  • the second connecting rod 440 is rotationally connected to the second locking pawl 420 , and the second connecting rod 440 is also rotationally connected to the first connecting rod 430 .
  • the angle between the first link 430 and the first locking pawl 410 and the angle between the second link 440 and the second locking pawl 420 can be changed. angle, so that the first locking claw 410 is locked with the first fixing mechanism 110, or the second locking claw 420 is locked with the second fixing mechanism 120.
  • first locking pawls 410 there are also multiple first locking pawls 410 , second locking pawls 420 , first connecting rods 430 and second connecting rods 440 (for example, three), because in order to ensure the synchronization of movement, , a rotating shaft 450 extending along the length direction of the bed 600 is provided.
  • the first strut 460 and the second strut 470 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 450, wherein the first link 430 and the second link 440 are rotationally connected through the first strut 460;
  • the two support rods 470 are connected to the second push rod 480 fixed on the bed 600.
  • the second push rod 480 drives the second support rod 470 to drive the rotation shaft 450 to rotate, thereby changing the relationship between the first connecting rod 430 and the first locking rod.
  • the angle between the pawls 410 and the angle between the second link 440 and the second locking pawl 420 are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 450, wherein the first link 430 and the second link 440 are rotationally connected through the first strut 460;
  • the two support rods 470 are connected to the second push rod 480 fixed on the bed 600.
  • the second push rod 480 drives the second support rod 470 to drive the rotation shaft 450 to rotate, thereby changing the relationship between the first connecting rod 430 and the first locking rod.
  • the second push rod 480 rotates the rotation axis 450 through the second support rod 470, and then pulls the first support rod 460 to tilt to the left, so that the first connecting rod 430 pushes the first locking pawl 410 , then the first locking claw 410 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110, and the second link 440 loosens the second fixing mechanism 120, so that the second locking claw 420 no longer clamps the second fixing mechanism 120, as described above
  • the second clamp 202 can clamp the second fixing mechanism 120, thereby pulling up the second fixing mechanism 120 and the right side of the bedding 700, that is, the state shown in Figure 11b.
  • the second fixing mechanism 120 can also be clamped by the first clamp 201 to drive the right side of the bedding 700 away from the bed 600, that is, the state shown in Figure 11d.
  • the second push rod 480 reversely rotates the rotating shaft 450 through the second support rod 470, and then pushes the first support rod 460 to the right. Tilt sideways, so that the second link 440 pushes the second locking pawl 420, then the second locking pawl 420 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120, and the first link 430 loosens the first fixing mechanism 110, so that the first When the locking claw 410 no longer clamps the first fixing mechanism 110, the first clamp 201 mentioned above can clamp the first fixing mechanism 110, thereby pulling up the first fixing mechanism 110 and the left side of the bedding 700. , that is, the state shown in Figure 12a. Or as mentioned above, the first fixing mechanism 110 can also be clamped by the second clamp 202 to drive the left side of the bedding 700 away from the bed 600, that is, the state shown in Figure 12c.
  • first locking pawl 410 is fixed to the bed 600, and the other part is rotatably connected to the first link 430, thereby forming a scissor-like structure, so the first link 430 pushes the first locking pawl.
  • first locking pawl 410 is closed; when the first connecting rod 430 pulls the first locking pawl 410 , the first locking pawl 410 opens.
  • the structure of the second locking claw 420 is the same as that of the first locking claw 410 , and they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center line of the bed 600 in the length direction.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned Embodiment 1 is that in the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, the first locking hook 310 and the second locking hook 320 can be in an unlocked state at the same time, or the first locking hook 310 and the second locking hook 320 can be in an unlocked state at the same time.
  • One of the locking hooks 320 is in an unlocked state and the other is in a locked state.
  • the first locking claw 410 and the second locking claw 420 are not in the unlocked state at the same time.
  • the second locking claw 420 when the first locking claw 410 is in the unlocked state (opened state), the second locking claw 420 In the locked state (closed state), or when the first locking pawl 410 is in the locked state (closed state), the second locking pawl 420 is in the unlocked state (opened state).
  • first locking claw 410 or the second locking claw 420 when the first locking claw 410 or the second locking claw 420 is in the open state, the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 can be placed therein, and accordingly, the first locking claw 410 or the second locking claw 410 or the second locking claw 420 is in the open state.
  • the two locking claws 420 are closed, the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 can be locked.
  • the first fixing mechanism 110 or the second fixing mechanism 120 can also be taken out therefrom.
  • the rotating shaft 450 is connected to the plurality of first connecting rods 430 and the plurality of second connecting rods 440 . Therefore, when the rotating shaft 450 rotates, it can drive the plurality of first connecting rods 430 and the plurality of third connecting rods 440 .
  • the two connecting rods 440 act simultaneously.
  • the present invention provides a method for moving, turning over and changing bedding for a disabled person, including the steps of changing bedding and/or assisting the disabled person to move and turn over.
  • the two sides of the bedding 700 to be replaced are respectively fixed through the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 .
  • the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 clamp the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 respectively (as shown in Figure 3b). Put the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 wrapped with both sides of the bedding 700 into the first clamping jaw 222 and the second clamping jaw 224 respectively.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move upward, so that the first fixing mechanism 110, the second fixing mechanism 120, the bedding 700 and the disabled person 900 leave the bed. 600 to place the replaced bedding 700 on the bed 600.
  • the fourth step is to make the lifter 210 drive the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move downward, so that the first fixing mechanism 110, the second fixing mechanism 120, the bedding 700 and the disabled person 900 return to the bed. Body 600.
  • the original bedding 700 needs to be removed. Specifically, the original bedding 700 needs to be removed. Getting the original bedding 700 includes the following steps:
  • the first clamp 201 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 (as shown in Figures 5a and 12a) or the first clamp 201 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 (as shown in Figures 4b and 11d),
  • the second clamp 202 is in a loosened state and does not clamp any fixing mechanism.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 to move, and the clamped one of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 will drive one side of the bedding 700 to leave the bed 600, so that the disabled person 900 Lifting and/or turning is performed and the bedding 700 to be changed is folded onto the disabled person's back.
  • the first clamp 201 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 to assist the disabled person 900 to turn over to the right side
  • the first clamp 201 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 to assist the disabled person 900 to turn over to the right side.
  • 900 Turn over to the left.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move downward, and the clamped one of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 will drive one side of the bedding 700 Return to bed 600.
  • the second clamp 202 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 (as shown in Figures 5b and 12c) or the second clamp 202 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 (as shown in Figures 4a and 11b),
  • the first clamp 201 is in a loosened state and does not clamp any fixing mechanism.
  • the lifter 210 drives the second clamp 202 to move, so that the clamped one of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 will drive the other side of the bedding 700 to leave the bed 600, so that the lost The disabled person shifts and/or turns over in the opposite direction to take out the bedding 700 to be replaced from the disabled person's back.
  • the second clamp 202 clamps the first fixing mechanism 110 to assist the disabled person 900 to turn over to the right side
  • the second clamp 202 clamps the second fixing mechanism 120 to assist the disabled person 900 to turn over to the right side.
  • 900 Turn over to the left.
  • the lifter 210 drives the first clamp 201 and the second clamp 202 to move downward, and the clamped one of the first fixing mechanism 110 and the second fixing mechanism 120 will drive one side of the bedding 700 Return to the bed body 600, thereby completing the entire process of replacing the bedding 700.
  • step S3 and step S4 can be performed first and then step S1 and step S2. It is sufficient to ensure that the directions in which the disabled person 900 moves and turns over in step S1 and step S3 are opposite. For example, if the disabled person 900 is turned to the left in step S1, then the disabled person 900 is turned to the right in step S3, and vice versa.
  • the steps of assisting the disabled person to move and turn over in the present invention include the above-mentioned step S1 and step S2, or include the above-mentioned step S3 or step S4, or include the above-mentioned step S1, step S2, step S3 and step S4. .

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Abstract

一种为失能人员（900）移位、翻身和更换床上用品（700）的装置，包括固定机构（100）和移动机构（200），通过第一夹紧器（201）和第二夹紧器（202）分别夹紧第一固定机构（110）和第二固定机构（120），可使升降器（210）带动第一夹紧器（201）、第二夹紧器（202）移动，继而可使第一固定机构（110）、第二固定机构（120）、床上用品（700）和失能人员（900）离开床体（600），从而便于更换床上用品（700）。依靠固定机构（100）和移动机构（200）就可使失能人员（900）离开床体（600），减轻护理人员的劳动强度并提高失能人员（900）的体验。还提供一种为失能人员（900）移位、翻身和更换床上用品（700）的方法。

Description

为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年6月23日提交的中国专利申请CN 202210726256.5的优先权，上述申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及床体设备技术领域，特别地涉及一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法。
背景技术
失能人员的生活起居护理是一项劳动强度较大的工作，比如移动支撑有失能人员的床位、为失能人员更换床单等床上用品或为失能人员翻身等工作，都对护理人员的体力和耐力提出了极高的要求，一位护理人员很难完成失能人员的日常生活起居护理工作，一般需要多人合作才能完成，并且在此过程中失能人员的体验并不好。
发明内容
本发明提供一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法，用于帮助失能人员进行移位、翻身和更换床上用品，以减轻护理人员的劳动强度并提高失能人员的体验。
根据本发明的第一个方面，本发明提供一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，包括：
固定机构，所述固定机构包括第一固定机构和第二固定机构，所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构分别设置在用于支撑失能人员的床体的两侧，所述床体上铺设有床上用品，所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构分别用于与所述床上用品的两侧边相连；以及
移动机构，其包括升降器和夹紧器，所述夹紧器包括分别设置在所述床体的两侧的第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器，所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器分别用于夹紧或松开所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构，且所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器均与所述升降器相连；
其中，所述第一夹紧器夹紧所述第一固定机构且所述第二夹紧器也夹紧所述第二固定机构，则所述升降器可带动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器移动，可使所述第一固定机构、所述第二固定机构、所述床上用品和失能人员离开所述床体，以更换床上用品；或者
所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器中的一个夹紧所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的一个，则所述升降器所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器移动时，可使所述第一固定机构或所述第二固定机构带动所述床上用品的一侧离开床体，从而使失能人员进行移位和/或翻身。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一夹紧器包括第一菱形伸缩架以及设置在所述第一菱形伸缩架下方的第一夹爪，所述第一菱形伸缩架与所述升降器相连，所述升降器可驱动所述第一菱形伸缩架发生变形，从而使所述第一夹爪闭合或张开以夹持或松开所述第一固定机构；和/或
所述第二夹紧器包括第二菱形伸缩架以及设置在所述第二菱形伸缩架下方的第二夹爪，所述第二菱形伸缩架与所述升降器相连，所述升降器可驱动所述第二菱形伸缩架发生变形，从而使所述第二夹爪闭合或张开以夹持或松开所述第二固定机构。
在一个实施方式中，所述升降器包括：
驱动机构；
第一定滑轮，其设置在所述第一夹紧器的上方；
第二定滑轮，其设置在所述第二夹紧器的上方；
导向轮，其设置在所述第二定滑轮远离所述第一定滑轮的一侧；
第一牵引绳，其依次穿过所述导向轮和所述第一定滑轮，并分别与所述第一夹紧器和所述驱动机构相连；以及
第二牵引绳，其依次穿过所述导向轮和所述第二定滑轮，并分别与所述第二夹紧器和所述驱动机构相连；
其中，所述驱动机构通过所述第一牵引绳和所述第二牵引绳可同时驱动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器分别夹持所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构；或者
所述驱动机构通过所述第一牵引绳或所述第二牵引绳可分别驱动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器中夹持所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的一个。
在一个实施方式中，还包括分别设置在所述床体上的锁定机构，当所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的 一个带动所述床上用品的一侧离开床体时，所述锁定机构将所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的另一个以及所述床上用品的另一侧进行固定。
在一个实施方式中，所述锁定机构包括：
第一锁定钩，其设置在所述床体的一侧，并与所述第一固定机构相对应，所述第一锁定钩上设置有第一臂；
第二锁定钩，其设置在所述床体的另一侧，并与所述第二固定机构相对应，所述第二锁定钩上设置有第二臂；
横向连杆，所述横向连杆的第一端和第二端分别与所述第一臂和所述第二臂转动连接；以及
第一推杆，其固定于所述床体上，并与所述横向连杆相连，用于驱动所述横向连杆在其延伸方向上移动；
当所述第一推杆驱动所述横向连杆进行移动时，可改变所述横向连杆与所述第一臂之间的角度和所述连杆与所述第二臂之间的角度，使所述第一锁定钩与所述第一固定机构锁定，或者使所述第二锁定钩与所述第二固定机构锁定。
在一个实施方式中，所述床体的两侧分别设置有第一托架和第二托架，所述第一托架上设置有用于放置所述第一固定机构的第一凹槽，所述第二托架上设置有用于放置所述第二固定机构的第二凹槽；
所述第一臂与所述第一托架转动相连，所述第二臂与所述第二托架转动相连，
所述连杆移动时，推动所述第一臂以其与所述第一托架的连接处为支点进行旋转，以及所述第二臂以其与所述第二托架的连接处为支点进行旋转，从而改变所述连杆与所述第一臂之间的角度和所述连杆与所述第二臂之间的角度。
在一个实施方式中，所述锁定机构包括：
第一锁定爪，其设置在所述床体的一侧，并与所述第一固定机构相对应；
第二锁定爪，其设置在所述床体的另一侧，并与所述第二固定机构相对应；
第一连杆，其与所述第一锁定爪转动连接；
第二连杆，其与所述第二锁定爪转动连接，所述第二连杆还与所述第一连杆转动连接；以及
其中，当所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆进行移动时，可改变所述第一连杆与所述第一锁定爪之间的角度以及所述第二连杆与所述第二锁定爪之间的角度，使所述第一锁定爪与所述第一固定机构锁定，或者使所述第二锁定爪与所述第二固定机构锁定。
在一个实施方式中，所述床体上设置有沿其长度方向延伸的旋转轴；
所述旋转轴上固定连接有第一支杆和第二支杆，其中，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆通过所述第一支杆转动连接；
所述第二支杆与固定于所述床体上的第二推杆相连，所述第二推杆驱动第二支杆，使其带动所述旋转轴旋转，从而改变所述第一连杆与所述第一锁定爪之间的角度以及所述第二连杆与所述第二锁定爪之间的角度。
在一个实施方式中，所述锁定机构的数量为至少两个，至少两个所述锁定机构通过所述旋转轴相连，以使至少两个所述锁定机构同步动作。
在一个实施方式中，所述第一固定机构构造为第一卷绕辊，所述第二固定机构构造为第二卷绕辊；
其中，所述床上用品的两侧分别卷绕在所述第一卷绕辊和所述第二卷绕辊上，以与所述第一卷绕辊和所述第二卷绕辊相连；或者
所述床上用品的两侧分别与所述第一卷绕辊上的第一连接体和所述第二卷绕辊上的第二连接体可拆卸地连接。
根据本发明的第二个方面，本发明提供一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的方法，其包括以下操作步骤：
通过第一固定机构和第二固定机构分别将待更换的床上用品的两侧边进行固定；
使第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器分别夹紧第一固定机构和第二固定机构，通过升降器带动第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器移动，从而使第一固定机构、第二固定机构、床上用品和失能人员离开床体，以更换床上用品；或者
使第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器中的一个夹紧第一固定机构和第二固定机构中的一个，通过升降器带动第一夹紧器或第二夹紧器移动，从而使第一固定机构或第二固定机构带动床上用品的一侧离开床体，以辅助失能人员进行移位或翻身。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于，通过第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器分别夹第一固定机构和第二固定机构，可使升降器带动第一夹紧器、第二夹紧器移动，继而可使第一固定机构、第二固定机构、床上用品和失能人员离开床体，从而便于更换床上用品，因此依靠固定机构和移动机构就可使失能人员离开床体，而无需护理人员付出很大的 劳动，从而减轻了其护理的负担。并且在失能人员离开床体的过程中，是随着床上用品一同离开床体，因此失能人员的各部位受力较为均匀，从而提高其体验。
附图说明
在下文中将基于实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。
图1是本发明的实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图；
图2是本发明的实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的侧视图；
图3a是本发明的实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床上用品的两侧被同时抬起的状态；
图3b是本发明的实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床体和床体上的锁定机构；
图4a是本发明的一个实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅右侧被抬起的状态；
图4b是本发明的另一个实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅右侧被抬起的状态；
图5a是本发明的一个实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅左侧被抬起的状态；
图5b是本发明的一个实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅左侧被抬起的状态；
图6是本发明的实施例中为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的俯视图，
图7a是图1所示锁定机构的其中一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构分别与第一固定机构和第二固定机构解锁的状态；
图7b是图1所示锁定机构的其中一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构与第一固定机构锁定且与第二固定机构解锁的状态；
图7c是图1所示锁定机构的其中一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构与第一固定机构解锁且与第二固定机构锁定的状态；
图8是图7a所示第一锁定钩的结构示意图；
图9是图1所示第一夹紧器的结构示意图，其中示出了第一夹紧器松开第一固定机构的状态；
图10是图1所示第二固定机构的结构示意图，其中示出了其上卷绕有床上用品的右侧边的状态；
图11a是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的另一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构与第一固定机构锁定且与第二固定机构解锁的状态；
图11b是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的另一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅右侧被抬起的状态；
图11c是图11a所示的锁定机构的结构示意图；
图11d是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的又一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了床上用品仅右侧被抬起的状态；
图12a是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的另一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构与第一固定机构解锁且与第二固定机构锁定的状态，并显示了床上用品仅左侧被抬起的状态；
图12b是图12a所示的锁定机构的结构示意图；
图12c是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置的又一种实施方式的主视图，其中显示了锁定机构与第一固定机构解锁且与第二固定机构锁定的状态，并显示了床上用品仅左侧被抬起的状态；
图13是图11a所示锁定机构的另一种实施方式的俯视图；
图14是图13在I处的放大图；
图15a是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置中升降器的其中一种实施方式的主视图；
图15b是图15a所示的升降器俯视图；
图16a是本发明的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置中升降器的另一种实施方式的主视图；
图16b是图16a所示的升降器俯视图；
图17a是本发明的实施例中带有自锁机构的第一夹紧器的结构示意图，其中，第一夹紧器处于张开状态；
图17b是本发明的实施例中带有自锁机构的第一夹紧器的结构示意图，其中，第一夹紧器处于闭合状态；
图18是图17a所示自锁机构的侧视图；
图19a是图17a所示自锁机构的主视图，其中，自锁机构的两个压板处于按压状态；
图19b是图17a所示自锁机构的主视图，其中，自锁机构的两个压板处于自然状态。
附图标记：
100-固定机构；110-第一固定机构；120-第二固定机构；200-移动机构；210-升降器；
211-驱动机构；212-第一定滑轮；213-第二定滑轮；214-导向轮；215-第一牵引绳；216-第二牵引绳；
220-夹紧器；201-第一夹紧器；202-第二夹紧器；203-自锁机构；2031-中心轴；2032-弹簧；2033-压板；
221-第一菱形伸缩架；222-第一夹爪；223-第二菱形伸缩架；224-第二夹爪；230-可旋转接头；
300,400-锁定机构；310-第一锁定钩；311-第一臂；320-第二锁定钩；321-第二臂；
330-横向连杆；340-第一推杆；350-第一托架；351-第一凹槽；360-第二托架；361-第二凹槽；
370-套筒；380-连接轴；390-连接轴支架；410-第一锁定爪；420-第二锁定爪；430-第一连杆；440-第二连杆；
450-旋转轴；460-第一支杆；470-第二支杆；480-第二推杆；490-吊环；
500-支架；600-床体；700-床上用品；800-行走机构；900-失能人员。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1和图2所示，根据本发明的第一个方面，本发明提供一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，包括固定机构100、移动机构200、支架500、用于失能人员900的支撑床体600以及设置在床体600上的锁定机构300,400。其中，固定机构100和移动机构200设置在支架500上，支架500具有能够容纳床体600的空间。支架500和/或床体600的底部设置有行走机构800(例如可以是定向轮和/或万向轮)，通过行走机构800可将推动床体600，使其进入支架500中或离开支架500。还可以推动支架500，使其容纳床体600或离开床体600。
需要说明的是，“失能人员”即丧失生活自理能力的人。按照国际通行标准分析，吃饭、穿衣、上下床、上厕所、室内走动、洗澡共六项指标，一到两项“做不了”的，定义为“轻度失能”，三到四项“做不了”的定义为“中度失能”，五到六项“做不了”的定义为“重度失能”。
其中，床上用品700可以是床单、毯子、垫子、被褥等床上铺垫的用品。
本发明通过固定机构100可将床上用品700进行固定，通过移动机构200带动固定机构100运动，即可使床上用品700及其上的失能人员900离开床体600，从而在床体600上重新铺设新的床上用品700。
如图1和2所示，固定机构100包括第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120，第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120分别设置在用于支撑失能人员的床体600的两侧，床体600上铺设有床上用品700，第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120分别用于与床上用品700的两侧边相连。
在一些示例性的实施例中，第一固定机构110构造为第一卷绕辊，第二固定机构120构造为第二卷绕辊。第一卷绕辊和第二卷绕辊均沿床体600的长度方向(即图2所示Y轴方向)延伸。床体600上可设置专门放置第一卷绕辊和第二卷绕辊的部件，第一卷绕辊和第二卷绕辊可轻松地放置在其上或者从其上取下，下文将对其进行详细说明。
优选地，床上用品700的两侧分别卷绕在第一固定机构110(第一卷绕辊)和第二固定机构120(第二卷绕辊)上，以与第一卷绕辊和第二卷绕辊相连，如图10所示，示出了床上用品700的右侧边卷绕在第二固定机构120上，并且至少卷绕了三圈，床上用品700的左侧边可类似地卷绕在第一固定机构110上。即在该优选的实施方式中，床 上用品700的两侧边通过卷绕的方式与第一固定机构110(第一卷绕辊)和第二固定机构120(第二卷绕辊)固定相连。
因此当移动机构200带动第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120离开床体600时，由于第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120与床上用品700的两侧边固定，从而可带动床上用品700及其上的失能人员900离开床体600。
可选地，床上用品700的两侧分别与第一卷绕辊上的第一连接体和第二卷绕辊上的第二连接体可拆卸地连接。具体来说，第一卷绕辊和第二卷绕辊上套设有连接布料，该连接布料可通过拉链等方式与床上用品700的两侧边进行固定连接从而当移动机构200带动第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120离开床体600时，可带动床上用品700及其上的失能人员900离开床体600。即在该可选的实施方式中，床上用品700的两侧边通过拉链连接的方式与第一固定机构110(第一卷绕辊)和第二固定机构120(第二卷绕辊)固定相连。
可替代地，上述的拉链连接的方式还可以替换为穿绳连接、挂钩连接、魔术贴粘合连接等连接方式。
请结合图1和图2，移动机构200包括升降器210和夹紧器220，夹紧器220包括分别设置在床体600的两侧的第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202，第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202分别用于夹紧或松开第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120，且第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202均与升降器210相连。
其中，当第一夹紧器201夹紧第一固定机构110且第二夹紧器202夹紧第二固定机构120时，升降器210可带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202同时移动时，可使第一固定机构110、第二固定机构120、床上用品700和失能人员离开床体600，以更换床上用品700。
如图3a和图3b所示，第一夹紧器201将固定有床上用品700的左侧的第一固定机构110夹持住，第二夹紧器202将固定有床上用品700的右侧的第二固定机构120夹持住，通过启动升降器210，则将第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120同时抬高，由此可使床上用品700和失能人员离开床体600。
待床上用品700和失能人员离开床体600后，可将床体600推离支架500，从而便于在床体600上铺设新的或另外的床上用品700。待铺设完成后，可将床体600推入支架500中，并启动升降器210，将第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120同时下降，由此可使原来的床上用品700和失能人员回到床体600，即恢复至图1所示的状态。
进一步地，当仅第一夹紧器201夹紧第一固定机构110，或者仅第二夹紧器202夹紧第二固定机构120时，升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202移动时，可使第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120中的一个以及床上用品700的一侧离开床体600，从而使失能人员进行移位和/或翻身，从而便于将原来的床上用品700取下。
如图4a所示，仅第二夹紧器202夹紧第二固定机构120，升降器210带动第二夹紧器202向上移动，由于第二夹紧器202夹紧第二固定机构120，则可使床上用品700的右侧离开床体600。而此时虽然第一夹紧器201也向上移动，但其并未夹紧第一固定机构110，因此第一固定机构110及床上用品700的左侧则不动。
需要说明的是，当床上用品700的其中一侧离开床体600时，其另一侧应当使用锁定机构300,400进行固定，以避免发生意外。因此，如图4a所示，当床上用品700的右侧离开床体600时，其左侧被锁定机构300所固定(或被图1所示的锁定机构400所固定)。并且在带动床上用品700的右侧离开床体600时，此处的“床上用品700”应当是更换后的另外的床上用品700，换言之，在此需要将原来的床上用品700的侧边从第二固定机构120上退绕，并将更换后的另外的床上用品700卷绕在第二固定机构120上，从而第二夹紧器202带动第二固定机构120离开床体600时，可将原来的待更换的床上用品700从右侧推至失能人员900的背部后侧。
随后，升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向下移动，由于第二夹紧器202夹紧第二固定机构120，则可使床上用品700的右侧返回床体600，即回到图1所示状态，此时原来的床上用品700已被推至失能人员900的背部后侧。
如图5a所示，仅第一夹紧器201夹紧第一固定机构110，升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向上移动，由于第一夹紧器201夹紧第一固定机构110，则可使床上用品700的左侧离开床体600。而此时虽然第二夹紧器202也向上移动，但其并未夹紧第二固定机构120，因此第二固定机构120及床上用品700的右侧则不动。
如图5a所示，当床上用品700的左侧离开床体600时，其右侧被锁定机构300所固定(或被图12a所示的锁定机构400所固定)。并且在带动床上用品700的左侧离开床体600时，此处的“床上用品700”应当是更换后的另外的床上用品700，换言之，在此需要将原来的床上用品700的侧边从第一固定机构110上退绕，并将更换后的另外的床上用品700卷绕在第一固定机构110上，从而第一夹紧器201带动第一固定机构110离开床体600时，可将原来的待更换的床上用品700(已位于失能人员900的背部后侧)从左侧取下。
随后，升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向下移动，由于第一夹紧器201夹紧第一固定机构110， 则可使床上用品700的左侧返回床体600，即回到图1所示状态，此时原来的床上用品700已被取下，失能人员900下方所铺设的即为新的更换后的床上用品700。
至此，即为失能人员900完成了更换床上用品700的操作，在此过程中，通过一个护理人员即可轻松地完成整个过程，并且可使失能人员900保持较佳的体验。
可以理解地，在图4a和图5a所示的状态下，可以不更换床上用品700，而是辅助失能人员900进行移位或翻身。例如在图4a所示的状态下，即第二固定机构120和床上用品700的右侧被抬起，从而可使失能人员900向左侧翻身。反之，在图5a所示的状态下，即第一固定机构110和床上用品700的左侧被抬起，从而可使失能人员900向右侧翻身。由此可见，失能人员900的移位或翻身，通过一个护理人员也可轻松地完成，并且保持较佳的体验。
如图3b和图4a所示，并请结合图9，第一夹紧器201包括第一菱形伸缩架221以及设置在第一菱形伸缩架221下方的第一夹爪222，第一夹爪222可闭合或张开以夹持或松开第一固定机构110。第一菱形伸缩架221与升降器210相连，升降器210驱动第一菱形伸缩架221发生变形从而使第一夹爪222闭合(如图3b所示)或张开(如图1所示)。
如图3b和图5a所示，第二夹紧器202包括第二菱形伸缩架223以及设置在第二菱形伸缩架223下方的第二夹爪224，第二夹爪224可闭合或张开以夹持或松开第二固定机构120。第二菱形伸缩架223与升降器210相连，升降器210驱动第二菱形伸缩架223发生变形从而使第二夹爪224闭合(如图3b所示)或张开(如图1所示)。
如图1所示，第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223降至合适的高度，由于其在伸展状态时，第一夹爪222和第二夹爪224为打开状态，因此可将第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120放置到其中。因此可以理解地，第一夹爪222和第二夹爪224均可构造为弧形夹爪，从而能够与第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120的圆柱形外壁相配合，以对其进行夹紧。
接着请转向图3b，升降器210同时拉动第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223(具体地，施加沿Z轴正方向的力)时，第一菱形伸缩架221被拉伸，从而使第一夹爪222闭合并夹紧第一固定机构110，且第二菱形伸缩架223也被拉伸，从而使第二夹爪224闭合并夹紧第二固定机构120，从而随着第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223的升高，可将床上用品700的两侧拉起，从而使失能人员900离开床体600。
在一些优选地实施例中，为了提高第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202的安全性，分别在其上设置有自锁机构203。下文以第一夹紧器201上的自锁机构203为例进行说明。
如图17a、图17b、图18、图19a和图19b所示，自锁机构203设置在第一夹紧器201的第一夹爪222上。自锁机构203包括中心轴2031、设置在中心轴2031上的弹簧2032以及与弹簧2032的端部相连的压板2033。
其中，压板2033与第一夹爪222相连。更具体地，压板2033的数量为两个，两个压板2033的两端均与弹簧2032相连，两个压板2033之间具有夹角。两个压板2033的运动方向与第一夹爪222相反。也就是说，第一夹爪222打开时，即第一夹爪222的两个爪相互远离，而两个压板2033则相互靠近，此时两个压板2033之间的角度为α1；反之，第一夹爪222闭合时，即第一夹爪222的两个爪相互靠近，而两个压板2033则相互远离，此时两个压板2033之间的角度为α2。可以理解地，α2＞α1。
请结合图17a和图19a所示，当两个压板2033受到力(F)的作用时(即处于按压状态)，使得两个压板2033相互靠近，则弹簧2032被压缩，因此使得第一夹爪222被打开(即处于打开状态)。请结合图17b和图19b所示，当两个压板2033上的力的作用撤销时，弹簧2032伸展，从而使两个压板2033相互远离，从而使得第一夹爪222闭合。因此第一夹爪222夹紧时，两个压板2033之间的角度从图17a所示的按压状态下的α1增大到图19b所示的自然状态下的α2，并且在弹簧2032的弹性力的作用下，会将两个压板2033维持在夹角为α2，从而第一夹爪222会紧紧夹住第一固定机构110而不会松脱，从而避免第一夹紧器201失效的情况。而当需要打开第一夹爪222时，只有在两个压板2033上施加力的作用，才可将第一夹爪222打开。无外力作用时，第一夹爪222则保持夹紧状态，从而提高了其夹持的安全性。
另外，应当理解的是，第一夹紧器201的第一菱形伸缩架221可起到辅助夹紧的作用。换言之，只有当第一菱形伸缩架221被松开(即其不发生形变)，且在两个压板2033上施加力的作用时，才可使第一夹爪222打开。
综上，在将失能人员900和床上用品700拉起进行更换床上用品700时，可使第一夹紧器201夹持与其同侧的第一固定机构110，同时第二夹紧器202也夹持与其同侧的第二固定机构120，从而将床上用品700的两侧同时抬起，即可进行更换操作。
接着请转向图4a，并请结合图1，将第二固定机构120放入第二夹爪224中，升降器210拉动第二菱形伸缩架 223，从而使第二夹爪224闭合并夹紧第二固定机构120，第一菱形伸缩架221虽然也被拉伸，但是其第一夹爪222中并未放置第一固定机构110，因此，第一固定机构110不会被拉动。随着第二菱形伸缩架223的升高，可将第二固定机构120和床上用品700的右侧拉起，从而便于失能人员900移位或翻身(向左侧翻身)。
图4a示出了通过第二夹紧器202和第二固定机构120使失能人员900向左侧翻身的一个示例。在图4a所示的示例中，第二夹紧器202(第二菱形伸缩架223、第二夹爪224)及与其同侧的第二固定机构120相锁定，从而将床上用品700的右侧(图4a所示方位)拉起。
此外，还提供另一种优选的实施方式，如图4b所示，在对失能人员900移位或翻身时，使第一夹紧器201(第一菱形伸缩架221、第一夹爪222)及与其不同侧的第二固定机构120相锁定，而第二夹紧器202则并未夹持第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120。因此升降器210拉动第一菱形伸缩架221升高时，可更有利地从左侧向右侧夹持第二固定机构120和床上用品700，并将床上用品700右侧拉起，从而使便于失能人员900移位或翻身(向左侧翻身)。
综上，在辅助失能人员900进行移位和翻身时，例如向左翻身，则第二夹紧器202可夹持与其同侧的第二固定机构120以使右侧拉起，或者还可使第一夹紧器201夹持与其不同侧的第二固定机构120，则也可使右侧拉起。
接着请转向图5a，并结合图1，将第一固定机构110放入第一夹爪222中，升降器210拉动第一菱形伸缩架221，从而使第一夹爪222闭合并夹紧第一固定机构110，第二菱形伸缩架223虽然也被拉伸，但是其第二夹爪224中并未放置第二固定机构120，因此，第二固定机构120不会被拉动。随着第一菱形伸缩架221的升高，可将床上用品700的左侧拉起，从而便于失能人员900移位或翻身。
图5a示出了通过第一夹紧器201和第一固定机构110使失能人员900向右侧翻身的另一个示例。在图5a所示的示例中，第一夹紧器201(第一菱形伸缩架221、第一夹爪222)及与其同侧的第一固定机构110相锁定，从而将床上用品700的左侧(图4a所示方位)拉起。
此外，还提供另一种优选的实施方式，如图5b所示，在对失能人员900移位或翻身时，使第二夹紧器202(第二菱形伸缩架223、第二夹爪224)及与其不同侧的第一固定机构110相锁定，而第一夹紧器201则并未夹持第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120。因此升降器210拉动第二菱形伸缩架223升高时，可更有利地从右侧向左侧夹持第二固定机构120和床上用品700的左侧，并将床上用品700左侧拉起，从而使便于失能人员900移位或翻身(向右侧翻身)。
综上，在辅助失能人员900进行移位和翻身时，例如向右翻身，则第一夹紧器201可夹持与其同侧的第一固定机构110以使左侧拉起，或者还可使第二夹紧器202夹持与其不同侧的第一固定机构110，则也可使右侧拉起。
在图1和图2所示的优选的实施例中，升降器210包括驱动机构211、第一定滑轮212、第二定滑轮213、导向轮214、第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216。第一定滑轮212设置在第一夹紧器201的上方。第二定滑轮213设置在第二夹紧器202的上方。导向轮214设置在第二定滑轮213远离第一定滑轮212的一侧。第一牵引绳215依次穿过导向轮214和第一定滑轮212，并分别与第一夹紧器201和驱动机构211相连。第二牵引绳216依次穿过导向轮214和第二定滑轮213，并分别与第二夹紧器202和驱动机构211相连。
在其中一个实施方式中，如图15a和图15b所示，导向轮214的数量为两个，并且两个导向轮214在Z轴方向上并排设置，两个导向轮214通过同一牵引绳与驱动机构211。
如图15a所示，牵引绳经过两个导向轮214后分为第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216，第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216分别与第一定滑轮212、第二定滑轮213。因此，第一定滑轮212和第二定滑轮213在Z轴方向上相互错开，以保证其分别与两个导向轮214中相应的导向轮对齐。
在另一个实施方式中，如图16a和图16b所示，导向轮214的数量为两个，并且两个导向轮214在Y轴方向上并排设置，两个导向轮214通过同一牵引绳与驱动机构211。
如图16a所示，牵引绳经过两个导向轮214后分为第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216，第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216分别与第一定滑轮212、第二定滑轮213。因此，第一定滑轮212和第二定滑轮213在Y轴方向上相互错开，以保证其分别与两个导向轮214中相应的导向轮对齐。
其中，驱动机构211通过第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216可同时在第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202上施加力的作用。驱动机构211可以构造为电推杆等合适的动力机构，在此不再赘述。此外，为了保证安全性，驱动机构211上可设置急停机构，以防第一牵引绳215和/或第二牵引绳216突然的降落。
需要说明的是，由于通过第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216进行力的传递，因此在驱动机构211与各牵引绳之 间转动连接，如图1所示，驱动机构211通过可旋转接头230与第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216相连，以保证各牵引绳下方连接的各菱形伸缩架转动时，各牵引绳不会被扭转。此外需要说明的是，由于驱动机构211在驱动时，会同时拉动第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223，即第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223下方的第一夹爪222和第二夹爪224同时张开(如图1所示)或同时夹紧(如图3a所示)。因此，上文所述的仅夹紧第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120中的一个是指，第一夹爪222夹住第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120，而第二夹爪224则不夹持，反之亦然。
上述实施方式中，由于第一牵引绳215和第二牵引绳216均与同一个驱动机构211相连，因此第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223是同时被驱动的。
可以设想的是，第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223可被不同的驱动机构211进行驱动。在这种情况下，仅第一夹爪222闭合并夹紧第一固定机构110时，可只拉动第一菱形伸缩架221；或者仅第二夹爪224闭合并夹紧第二固定机构120时，可只拉动第二菱形伸缩架223。
在上述各实施方式中，升降器210是通过设置在第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223的上方并拉动第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223来使其升高或降低。
可以理解地，升降器210还可采取其他的构造，例如设置在第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223的下方，以推动第一菱形伸缩架221和第二菱形伸缩架223的方式来使其升高或降低。
如图2所示，升降器210的数量可以是多个，例如3个。多个升降器210沿床体600的长度方向依次设置。因此，夹紧器220也可以相应地设置为多个，从而可以在第一固定机构110上的多个位置和第二固定机构120上的多个位置处进行夹持。
多个升降器210需要同步驱动其对应的多个夹紧器220，例如通过控制电路来使多个升降器210的驱动机构211同步动作。
一般地，第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202关于床体600的纵向中心线对称设置，从而在第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120同时升降时，保证能均匀施力。
如上所述，当第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中的一个带动床上用品700的一侧离开床体600时，锁定机构300,400将第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中的另一个以及床上用品700的另一侧进行固定。下面将以两个具体实施例进行说明。
实施例1
请参考图1、图3a、图3b、图4a、图4b、图5a和图5b，并结合图7a、图7b、图7c和图8，锁定机构300包括第一锁定钩310、第二锁定钩320、横向连杆330和第一推杆340。
第一锁定钩310设置在床体600的一侧(左侧)，并与第一固定机构110相对应，如图7a和图8所示，第一锁定钩310上设置有第一臂311。第二锁定钩320设置在床体600的另一侧(右侧)，并与第二固定机构120相对应，第二锁定钩320上设置有第二臂321。横向连杆330的第一端和第二端分别与第一臂311和第二臂321转动连接。第一推杆340固定于床体600上，并与横向连杆330相连，用于驱动横向连杆330在其延伸方向上移动。
当第一推杆340驱动横向连杆330进行移动时，可改变横向连杆330与第一臂311之间的角度和横向连杆330与第二臂321之间的角度，使第一锁定钩310与第一固定机构110锁定，或者使第二锁定钩320与第二固定机构120锁定。
如图7a所示，第一推杆340未动作，第一臂311和第二臂321都大致垂直于横向连杆330。
如图7b所示，第一推杆340推动横向连杆330向左(X轴负方向)运动，第一臂311和横向连杆330之间的角度变小(变为锐角)，且第二臂321和横向连杆330之间的角度变大(变为钝角)。由此第一臂311前端的第一锁定钩310与第一固定机构110相卡合，第二臂321前端的第二锁定钩320则与第二固定机构120相脱离，则此时可通过拉动第二夹紧器202(第二菱形伸缩架223、第二夹爪224)使其夹紧第二固定机构120，以带动床上用品700的右侧离开床体600，即图4a所示的状态。或者也可通过拉动第一菱形伸缩架221使其下方的第一夹紧器201夹紧第二固定机构120，以带动床上用品700的右侧离开床体600，即图4b所示的状态。
如图7c所示，第一推杆340拉动横向连杆330向右(X轴正方向)运动，第一臂311和横向连杆330之间的角度变大(变为钝角)，且第二臂321和横向连杆330之间的角度变小(变为锐角)。由此第一臂311前端的第一锁定钩310与第一固定机构110相脱离，第二臂321前端的第二锁定钩320则与第二固定机构120相卡合，则此时可通过拉动第一夹紧器201(第一菱形伸缩架221、第一夹爪222)夹紧第一固定机构110，以带动床上用品700的 左侧离开床体600，即图5a所示的状态。或者也可通过拉动第二夹紧器202(第二菱形伸缩架223、第二夹爪224)夹紧第一固定机构110，以带动床上用品700的左侧离开床体600，即图5b所示的状态。
请继续参见图7a、图7b和图7c，床体600的两侧分别设置有第一托架350和第二托架360，第一托架350上设置有用于放置第一固定机构110的第一凹槽351，第二托架360上设置有用于放置第二固定机构120的第二凹槽361。
第一臂311与第一托架350转动相连，第二臂321与第二托架360转动相连，如图7a所示，第一臂311与第一托架350的相连处示意为A1，第二臂321与第二托架360相连处示意为B1。结合图6可知，第一臂311和第二臂321的数量均为多个(例如3个)，因此可以理解地，图7a所示的A2，A3分别为其余两个第一臂311与第一托架350的相连处；图7a所示的B2，B3分别为其余两个第二臂321与第一托架350的相连处。下文将以其中一个第一臂311和第二臂321为例就进行说明。
请继续参考图7a和图7b，横向连杆330向左(X轴负方向)运动时，推动第一臂311以其与第一托架350的相连处A1为支点进行旋转，第一臂311和横向连杆330之间的角度变小，以及第二臂321以其与第二托架360的相连处B1为支点进行旋转，则第二臂321和横向连杆330之间的角度变大。
反之，如图7c所示，横向连杆330向右(X轴正方向)运动时，推动第一臂311以其与第一托架350的相连处A1为支点进行旋转，第一臂311和横向连杆330之间的角度变大，以及第二臂321以其与第二托架360的相连处B1为支点进行旋转，则第二臂321和横向连杆330之间的角度变小。
因此可以理解地，在本实施例中，第一臂311前端的第一锁定钩310与第一固定机构110脱离或卡合，第二臂321前端的第二锁定钩320与第二固定机构120脱离或卡合是通过横向连杆330的水平运动来实现的。因此为了提高其运动的可靠性，在床体600上还设置有套筒370，横向连杆330贯穿该套筒370，套筒370可起到导向的作用，从而保证横向连杆330运动的平稳性。套筒370的数量可根据情况进行设置。
从图6可知，第一锁定钩310、第一臂311、第二锁定钩320、第二臂321、以及横向连杆330均可以设置有多个(例如都为3个)，因此为了保证各锁定钩之间同步动作，使多个横向连杆330与床体600上的连接轴380相连。连接轴380沿床体600的长度方向延伸，第一推杆340通过连接轴380与各横向连杆330相连，从而第一推杆340推动连接轴380运动时，即可带动多个横向连杆330运动。
实施例2
请参考图11a，并结合图11b、图12a和图12b，在本实施例中，将着重说明与上述实施例1的不同之处，即锁定机构400的另一种实施方式。其他未指明的部件可参照上述实施例1以及前述各实施方式中详细说明的部分。
锁定机构400包括第一锁定爪410、第二锁定爪420、第一连杆430和第二连杆440。第一锁定爪410设置在床体600的一侧，并与第一固定机构110相对应。第二锁定爪420设置在床体600的另一侧，并与第二固定机构120相对应。第一连杆430与第一锁定爪410转动连接。第二连杆440与第二锁定爪420转动连接，第二连杆440还与第一连杆430转动连接。
其中，当第一连杆430和第二连杆440进行移动时，可改变第一连杆430与第一锁定爪410之间的角度以及第二连杆440与第二锁定爪420之间的角度，使第一锁定爪410与第一固定机构110锁定，或者使第二锁定爪420与第二固定机构120锁定。
进一步地，本实施例中的第一锁定爪410、第二锁定爪420、第一连杆430和第二连杆440同样各设置有多个(例如3个)，因为为了保证运动的同步性，在床体600上设置了沿其长度方向延伸的旋转轴450。
请结合图13和图14，旋转轴450上固定连接有第一支杆460和第二支杆470，其中，第一连杆430和第二连杆440通过第一支杆460转动连接；第二支杆470与固定于床体600上的第二推杆480相连，第二推杆480驱动第二支杆470，使其带动旋转轴450旋转，从而改变第一连杆430与第一锁定爪410之间的角度以及第二连杆440与第二锁定爪420之间的角度。
请参见图11b和图11c，第二推杆480通过第二支杆470使旋转轴450旋转，继而拉动第一支杆460向左侧倾斜，从而使第一连杆430推动第一锁定爪410，则第一锁定爪410将第一固定机构110夹紧，而第二连杆440则松开第二固定机构120，从而使第二锁定爪420不再夹持第二固定机构120，则前文所述的第二夹紧器202可夹持第二固定机构120，从而使第二固定机构120和床上用品700的右侧拉起，即图11b所示的状态。或者如前文所述，也可通过第一夹紧器201夹紧第二固定机构120，以带动床上用品700的右侧离开床体600，即图11d所示的状态。
请参见图12a和图12b，第二推杆480通过第二支杆470使旋转轴450反向旋转，继而推动第一支杆460向右 侧倾斜，从而使第二连杆440推动第二锁定爪420，则第二锁定爪420将第二固定机构120夹紧，而第一连杆430则松开第一固定机构110，从而第一锁定爪410使不再夹持第一固定机构110，则前文所述的第一夹紧器201可夹持第一固定机构110，从而使第一固定机构110和床上用品700的左侧拉起，即图12a所示的状态。或者如前文所述，也可通过第二夹紧器202夹紧第一固定机构110，以带动床上用品700的左侧离开床体600，即图12c所示的状态。
更近一步地，第一锁定爪410有一部分与床体600固定，而另一部分则与第一连杆430转动连接，从而形成了剪刀状的结构，因此第一连杆430推动第一锁定爪410时，第一锁定爪410闭合；第一连杆430拉动第一锁定爪410时，第一锁定爪410张开。第二锁定爪420的结构与第一锁定爪410相同，二者关于床体600的长度方向的中心线对称设置。
因此可以理解地，本实施例与上述实施例1所不同的是，上述实施例1中，第一锁定钩310和第二锁定钩320可同时处于解锁状态，或者第一锁定钩310和第二锁定钩320中的一个处于解锁状态，另一个处于锁定状态。而本实施例中，第一锁定爪410和第二锁定爪420不会同时处于解锁状态，更具体地来说，第一锁定爪410处于解锁状态(张开状态)时，第二锁定爪420处于锁定状态(闭合状态)，或者第一锁定爪410处于锁定状态(闭合状态)时，第二锁定爪420处于解锁状态(张开状态)。
需要说明的是，第一锁定爪410或第二锁定爪420处于张开状态时，可将第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120放入其中，那么相应地，第一锁定爪410或第二锁定爪420闭合时，即可将第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120锁定。第一锁定爪410或第二锁定爪420处于张开状态时，还可将第一固定机构110或第二固定机构120从其中取出。
如图13和图14所示，旋转轴450与多个第一连杆430和多个第二连杆440相连，因此旋转轴450转动时，能够带动多个第一连杆430和多个第二连杆440同时动作。
根据本发明的第二个方面，本发明提供一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的方法，包括更换床上用品和/或辅助失能人员移位、翻身的步骤。
首先说明本发明的更换床上用品的步骤，具体地，其包括以下操作步骤：
第一步，通过第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120分别将待更换的床上用品700的两侧边进行固定。
第二步，第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202分别夹紧第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120(如图3b所示)。将卷绕有床上用品700的两侧边的第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120分别放入第一夹爪222和第二夹爪224中。
第三步，使升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向上移动，从而使第一固定机构110、第二固定机构120、床上用品700和失能人员900离开床体600，以在床体600上放置更换后的床上用品700。
第四步，使升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向下移动，从而使第一固定机构110、第二固定机构120、床上用品700和失能人员900返回床体600。
此时，原来的床上用品700和失能人员900返回床体600后，由于床体600上已经铺设了更换后的床上用品700，因此需要将原来的床上用品700撤下，具体来说，撤下原来的床上用品700包括以下步骤：
S1，第一夹紧器201夹持第一固定机构110(如图5a、图12a所示)或者第一夹紧器201夹持第二固定机构120(如图4b、图11d所示)，而第二夹紧器202则为松开状态，不夹持任何固定机构。
使升降器210带动第一夹紧器201移动，第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中被夹持住的一个将带动床上用品700的一侧离开床体600，以使失能人员900进行移位和/或翻身，并将待更换的床上用品700折叠至失能人员的背部。其中，第一夹紧器201夹持住第一固定机构110，则可辅助失能人员900向右侧翻身，第一夹紧器201夹持住第二固定机构120，则可辅助失能人员900向左侧翻身。S2，使升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向下移动，第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中被夹持住的一个将带动床上用品700的一侧返回床体600。
S3，第二夹紧器202夹持第一固定机构110(如图5b、图12c所示)或者第二夹紧器202夹持第二固定机构120(如图4a、图11b所示)，而第一夹紧器201则为松开状态，不夹持任何固定机构。
使升降器210带动第二夹紧器202移动，从而使第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中被夹持住的一个将带动床上用品700的另一侧离开床体600，以使失能人员沿相反方向进行移位和/或翻身，以将待更换的床上用品700从失能人员的背部取出。其中，第二夹紧器202夹持住第一固定机构110，则可辅助失能人员900向右侧翻身，第二夹紧器202夹持住第二固定机构120，则可辅助失能人员900向左侧翻身。S4，使升降器210带动第一夹紧器201和第二夹紧器202向下移动，第一固定机构110和第二固定机构120中被夹持住的一个将带动床上用品700的一侧 返回床体600，从而完成了更换床上用品700的整个过程。
需要说明的是，上述步骤S1、步骤S2和步骤S3、步骤S4的顺序可以相反，即可以先执行步骤S3和步骤S4之后再执行步骤S1和步骤S2。只要保证步骤S1中和步骤S3中失能人员900进行移位、翻身的方向相反即可。例如，步骤S1中使失能人员900向左侧翻身，则步骤S3中使失能人员900向右侧翻身，反之亦然。
其次，本发明的辅助失能人员移位、翻身的步骤，包括上述的步骤S1和步骤S2，或者包括上述的步骤S3或步骤S4，或者包括上述的步骤S1、步骤S2、步骤S3以及步骤S4。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    固定机构，所述固定机构包括第一固定机构和第二固定机构，所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构分别设置在用于支撑失能人员的床体的两侧，所述床体上铺设有床上用品，所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构分别用于与所述床上用品的两侧边相连；以及
    移动机构，其包括升降器和夹紧器，所述夹紧器包括分别设置在所述床体的两侧的第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器，所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器分别用于夹紧或松开所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构，且所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器均与所述升降器相连；
    其中，所述第一夹紧器夹紧所述第一固定机构且所述第二夹紧器也夹紧所述第二固定机构，则所述升降器可带动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器移动，可使所述第一固定机构、所述第二固定机构、所述床上用品和失能人员离开所述床体，以更换床上用品；或者
    所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器中的一个夹紧所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的一个，则所述升降器所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器移动时，可使所述第一固定机构或所述第二固定机构带动所述床上用品的一侧离开床体，从而使失能人员进行移位和/或翻身。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述第一夹紧器包括第一菱形伸缩架以及设置在所述第一菱形伸缩架下方的第一夹爪，所述第一菱形伸缩架与所述升降器相连，所述升降器可驱动所述第一菱形伸缩架发生变形，从而使所述第一夹爪闭合或张开以夹持或松开所述第一固定机构；和/或
    所述第二夹紧器包括第二菱形伸缩架以及设置在所述第二菱形伸缩架下方的第二夹爪，所述第二菱形伸缩架与所述升降器相连，所述升降器可驱动所述第二菱形伸缩架发生变形，从而使所述第二夹爪闭合或张开以夹持或松开所述第二固定机构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述升降器包括：
    驱动机构；
    第一定滑轮，其设置在所述第一夹紧器的上方；
    第二定滑轮，其设置在所述第二夹紧器的上方；
    导向轮，其设置在所述第二定滑轮远离所述第一定滑轮的一侧；
    第一牵引绳，其依次穿过所述导向轮和所述第一定滑轮，并分别与所述第一夹紧器和所述驱动机构相连；以及
    第二牵引绳，其依次穿过所述导向轮和所述第二定滑轮，并分别与所述第二夹紧器和所述驱动机构相连；
    其中，所述驱动机构通过所述第一牵引绳和所述第二牵引绳可同时驱动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器分别夹持所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构；或者
    所述驱动机构通过所述第一牵引绳或所述第二牵引绳可分别驱动所述第一夹紧器和所述第二夹紧器中夹持所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的一个。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，还包括分别设置在所述床体上的锁定机构，当所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的一个带动所述床上用品的一侧离开床体时，所述锁定机构将所述第一固定机构和所述第二固定机构中的另一个以及所述床上用品的另一侧进行固定。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述锁定机构包括：
    第一锁定钩，其设置在所述床体的一侧，并与所述第一固定机构相对应，所述第一锁定钩上设置有第一臂；
    第二锁定钩，其设置在所述床体的另一侧，并与所述第二固定机构相对应，所述第二锁定钩上设置有第二臂；
    横向连杆，所述横向连杆的第一端和第二端分别与所述第一臂和所述第二臂转动连接；以及
    第一推杆，其固定于所述床体上，并与所述横向连杆相连，用于驱动所述横向连杆在其延伸方向上移动；
    当所述第一推杆驱动所述横向连杆进行移动时，可改变所述横向连杆与所述第一臂之间的角度和所述连杆与所述第二臂之间的角度，使所述第一锁定钩与所述第一固定机构锁定，或者使所述第二锁定钩与所述第二固定机构锁定。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述床体的两侧分别设置有第一托架和第二托架，所述第一托架上设置有用于放置所述第一固定机构的第一凹槽，所述第二托架上设置 有用于放置所述第二固定机构的第二凹槽；
    所述第一臂与所述第一托架转动相连，所述第二臂与所述第二托架转动相连，
    所述连杆移动时，推动所述第一臂以其与所述第一托架的连接处为支点进行旋转，以及所述第二臂以其与所述第二托架的连接处为支点进行旋转，从而改变所述连杆与所述第一臂之间的角度和所述连杆与所述第二臂之间的角度。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述锁定机构包括：
    第一锁定爪，其设置在所述床体的一侧，并与所述第一固定机构相对应；
    第二锁定爪，其设置在所述床体的另一侧，并与所述第二固定机构相对应；
    第一连杆，其与所述第一锁定爪转动连接；
    第二连杆，其与所述第二锁定爪转动连接，所述第二连杆还与所述第一连杆转动连接；以及
    其中，当所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆进行移动时，可改变所述第一连杆与所述第一锁定爪之间的角度以及所述第二连杆与所述第二锁定爪之间的角度，使所述第一锁定爪与所述第一固定机构锁定，或者使所述第二锁定爪与所述第二固定机构锁定。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述床体上设置有沿其长度方向延伸的旋转轴；
    所述旋转轴上固定连接有第一支杆和第二支杆，其中，所述第一连杆和所述第二连杆通过所述第一支杆转动连接；
    所述第二支杆与固定于所述床体上的第二推杆相连，所述第二推杆驱动第二支杆，使其带动所述旋转轴旋转，从而改变所述第一连杆与所述第一锁定爪之间的角度以及所述第二连杆与所述第二锁定爪之间的角度；
    所述锁定机构的数量为至少两个，至少两个所述锁定机构通过所述旋转轴相连，以使至少两个所述锁定机构同步动作。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置，其特征在于，所述第一固定机构构造为第一卷绕辊，所述第二固定机构构造为第二卷绕辊；
    其中，所述床上用品的两侧分别卷绕在所述第一卷绕辊和所述第二卷绕辊上，以与所述第一卷绕辊和所述第二卷绕辊相连；或者
    所述床上用品的两侧分别与所述第一卷绕辊上的第一连接体和所述第二卷绕辊上的第二连接体可拆卸地连接。
  10. 一种为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的方法，其特征在于，包括以下操作步骤：
    通过第一固定机构和第二固定机构分别将待更换的床上用品的两侧边进行固定；
    使第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器分别夹紧第一固定机构和第二固定机构，通过升降器带动第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器移动，从而使第一固定机构、第二固定机构、床上用品和失能人员离开床体，以更换床上用品；或者
    使第一夹紧器和第二夹紧器中的一个夹紧第一固定机构和第二固定机构中的一个，通过升降器带动第一夹紧器或第二夹紧器移动，从而使第一固定机构或第二固定机构带动床上用品的一侧离开床体，以辅助失能人员进行移位或翻身。
PCT/CN2023/098443 2022-06-23 2023-06-06 为失能人员移位、翻身和更换床上用品的装置及方法 WO2023246494A1 (zh)

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