WO2023241135A1 - 一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的插入部、手柄及内窥镜 - Google Patents

一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的插入部、手柄及内窥镜 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023241135A1
WO2023241135A1 PCT/CN2023/081136 CN2023081136W WO2023241135A1 WO 2023241135 A1 WO2023241135 A1 WO 2023241135A1 CN 2023081136 W CN2023081136 W CN 2023081136W WO 2023241135 A1 WO2023241135 A1 WO 2023241135A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preset
memory alloy
shape memory
tube
pipe section
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/081136
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周震华
Original Assignee
湖南省华芯医疗器械有限公司
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Publication of WO2023241135A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023241135A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00066—Proximal part of endoscope body, e.g. handles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051—Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055—Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of endoscopes and relates to an endoscope instrument tube, a distal expandable insertion part, a handle and an endoscope.
  • Endoscopes usually include: an insertion part used to insert into the human body, a handle that controls the bending of the front end of the insertion part, and a display device used to display the internal environment of the natural orifice of the human body; through the cooperation of the above three basic parts, the human body can be monitored A peek inside, exploration of lesions, and the purpose of treatment.
  • the distal end of the insertion part is large during the endoscope insertion process, so there is a greater obstruction in the insertion process. If the insertion is forced, it may easily cause the patient's body to Bleeding on the wall of the cavity causes the patient's stress response to be strong, making it difficult to continue the operation and failing to achieve the therapeutic effect.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an endoscopic instrument tube, including:
  • the instrument tube body, the preset tube section at the distal end of the instrument tube body is annularly provided with a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is installed on the annular wall of the preset tube section;
  • the shape memory alloy When the shape memory alloy reaches the preset trigger temperature, the shape memory alloy returns to the preset shape. state, causing the preset pipe section at the distal end of the instrument tube body to deform in the radial direction, and the preset pipe section at the distal end of the instrument tube body changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape;
  • the projected area of the preset pipe section in the first cross-sectional shape along the axis of the instrument tube is smaller than the projected area of the preset pipe section in the second cross-sectional shape along the axis of the instrument tube.
  • the preset pipe section is surrounded by a single piece of shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy
  • the preset pipe section is surrounded by multiple pieces of shape memory alloy, the shape memory alloy is distributed along the axis direction of the preset pipe section, and the annular segments are closed and arranged.
  • the shape memory alloy is formed into an annular braided shape.
  • the instrument tube body includes: an electrical lead, one end of the electrical lead is connected to the shape memory alloy, and the other end of the electrical lead is connected to an electrical connector.
  • the shape memory alloy is embedded in the annular wall of the preset pipe section, or the shape memory alloy is integrally formed with the preset pipe section.
  • a distally expandable endoscopic insertion part including:
  • the distal housing has an accommodating space for accommodating the above-mentioned preset pipe section along the axis of the distal housing, and the preset pipe section at the distal end of the instrument tube body is fixedly installed in the accommodating space; and , the instrument tube body is arranged along the axial direction of the insertion part body.
  • a radially expandable elastic covering layer is provided on the periphery of the distal housing, and the elastic covering layer surrounds the preset tube section at the distal end of the instrument tube body.
  • the distal end of the preset tube section coincides with the distal end of the distal housing.
  • An endoscope handle includes: the above-mentioned endoscope insertion part with an expandable distal end, and the insertion part is provided at the distal end of the endoscope handle.
  • An endoscope includes: the above-mentioned endoscope handle.
  • the preset pipe section is only provided at the distal position of the instrument tube body. During production, it is only necessary to set the shape memory alloy on the preset pipe section at the distal end of the instrument tube, and it is not necessary to set the shape memory alloy on the entire instrument tube, that is, The purpose of reducing the size of the distal end of the instrument tube can be achieved, thus saving shape memory alloy materials and reducing production and processing costs.
  • each piece of shape memory alloy can be set with different elastic recovery shapes.
  • the shape memory alloy with the largest cross-sectional shape after elastic recovery deformation can be set at the farthest end of the preset pipe section, so that the treatment instrument can be After extending into the front end of the instrument tube, it has a larger space for movement, making it more convenient for the operator to operate the treatment instrument.
  • the elastic covering layer when the preset pipe section changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape, the elastic covering layer also follows to achieve elastic expansion.
  • the elastic covering layer can annularly surround the preset pipe section to stabilize it. In its predetermined installation position, the preset pipe section is prevented from moving.
  • the preset pipe section changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape its surface tension will change, so it is wrapped by the elastic covering layer , which can provide expansion space and will not cause stress concentration in local areas on the surface of the preset pipe section, making the insertion part safer and more stable.
  • the preset pipe section of the present invention does not move along the axis direction when changing from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape, but expands along the radial direction, so that the distal end of the insertion part changes from a smaller distal diameter. , expand to the larger distal diameter required for work.
  • the preset pipe section at the front end of the insertion part is in the first cross-sectional shape.
  • the end cross-sectional area of the front end of the insertion part is small, so it is easy to insert into the narrow human body cavity of the patient.
  • the shape memory alloy can be selectively controlled to reach the preset trigger temperature by controlling the electrical connector connected to the shape memory alloy, so that the preset tube section is in the second cross-sectional shape, and the opening at the front end of the instrument tube reaches the suction/suction level.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an instrument tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a preset tube section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention when a single piece of shape memory alloy is provided in a first cross-sectional shape;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a preset tube section of an instrument tube provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in which multiple pieces of shape memory alloy are provided;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset tube section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention during which multiple pieces of shape memory alloy are installed and expanded after reaching the preset temperature;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second cross-sectional shape of the preset tube section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention, where multiple pieces of shape memory alloy are provided;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset tube section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention when an annular braided shape memory alloy is provided in a first cross-sectional form;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset tube section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention when an annular braided shape memory alloy is provided in a second cross-sectional form;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset pipe section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention, which is provided with an annular braided shape memory alloy in the second cross-sectional shape with a grid intersection distance of A;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the preset pipe section of the instrument tube provided by the embodiment of the present invention, which is provided with an annular braided shape memory alloy in the first cross-sectional shape with a grid intersection distance of B;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the insertion part provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the distal end of the insertion part in an unexpanded state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the distal end of the insertion part in an expanded state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the insertion part provided by the embodiment of the present invention during insertion into the human body cavity environment;
  • Figure 14 shows the insertion part provided by the embodiment of the present invention reaching the working position during insertion into the human body cavity environment.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an endoscope handle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Insertion part body 100. Distal housing; 101. Distal end of the distal housing; 102. LED; 103. Lens; 104. Elastic covering layer; 11. Preset pipe section; 110. Second channel Cross-sectional area; 10a, instrument tube body; 12, follow-up deformation section; 13, non-preset pipe section; 130, first channel cross-sectional area; 20, shape memory alloy; 21a, electrical conductor; 21b, electrical conductor; 21, No. One braided wire; 22. The second braided wire; 30. Treatment instrument; 40. Human body cavity; 50. Human tissue; 60. Handle.
  • connection In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixing” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements.
  • connection connection
  • fixing and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interaction between two elements.
  • the above terms are used in specific meaning in the present invention.
  • first, “second”, “third”, etc. are only used to distinguish descriptions and shall not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • the first feature being above or below the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features not being in direct contact. is through additional characteristic contact between them.
  • the first feature on, above and above the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher level than the second feature.
  • the first feature below, below and below the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • proximal end and distal end refer to the near and far position of the structure relative to the human body operation under the use environment, so as to facilitate the description of the positional relationship between the components and to facilitate understanding; for the same
  • proximal end and distal end are the relative positional relationship of the component, rather than absolute; therefore, they should be understood from the perspective of realizing the principles of the present invention without deviating from the essence of the present invention.
  • an endoscopic instrument tube including:
  • the instrument tube body 10a, the preset tube section 11 at the far end of the instrument tube body 10a is annularly provided with a shape memory alloy 20, and the shape memory alloy 20 is installed on the annular wall of the preset tube section 11;
  • the instrument tube body 10a is a flexible tube body with a certain deflection;
  • the shape memory alloy 20 has a shape memory effect, and one of its important properties is superelasticity, which is manifested in that the superelasticity of the shape memory alloy 20 will be triggered at a certain temperature.
  • the trigger temperature is determined by the elemental composition of the alloy and its proportions, so the required superelasticity can be achieved by appropriate alloy composition proportions.
  • the preset tube section 11 is only provided at the distal position of the instrument tube body 10a.
  • the shape memory alloy 20 needs to be provided on the preset tube section 11 at the distal end of the instrument tube, and it is not necessary to set the shape of the entire instrument tube.
  • the memory alloy 20 can achieve the purpose of reducing the size of the distal end of the instrument tube, thus saving the shape memory alloy 20 material and reducing the production and processing cost.
  • the shape memory alloy 20 when the shape memory alloy 20 reaches the preset trigger temperature, the shape memory alloy 20 returns to the preset shape, so that the preset tube section 11 at the distal end of the instrument tube body 10a moves along the diameter To expand, the preset tube section 11 at the distal end of the instrument tube body 10a changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape;
  • the projected area of the preset pipe section 11 in the first cross-sectional shape along the axis of the instrument tube is smaller than the projected area of the preset pipe section 11 in the second cross-sectional shape along the axis of the instrument tube; specifically, Ground, please combine it with what is shown in Figure 1.
  • the left view in Figure 1 is the projection of the right instrument tube along the viewing angle direction of the K-K section.
  • the preset tube section 11 When the preset trigger temperature is not reached, the preset tube section 11 is in the form shown in Figure 1 , at this time, it is preset that the pipe section 11 is in the shape of a flat mouth compressed in the radial direction, that is, the first cross-sectional shape described in the present invention; when the use environment needs to reach the second cross-sectional shape, by connecting the electrical wires to the instrument tube body 10a (21a, 21b) are connected with electricity to generate heat, so that the shape memory alloy 20 reaches the predicted trigger temperature and undergoes elastic recovery deformation; wherein, one end of the electrical conductor (21a, 21b) is connected to the shape memory alloy 20, and the electrical conductor (21a, 21b) is connected to the shape memory alloy 20.
  • the other ends of the wires (21a, 21b) are connected to the electrical connector.
  • the electrical wires (21a, 21b) can be connected to the shape memory alloy 20, or can be connected to a thermal resistance wire, which is connected to the shape memory alloy 20.
  • the veneer is set to conduct heat to the shape memory, allowing it to reach a preset trigger temperature.
  • the following deformation section 12 between the preset pipe section 11 and the non-preset pipe section 13 of the instrument tube, and the following deformation section 12 is an integral structure transitioning between the preset pipe section 11 and the non-preset pipe section 13 , the area enclosed by its cross section gradually expands from the preset pipe section 11 to the non-preset pipe section 13.
  • the first channel cross-sectional area 130 of the non-preset pipe section 13 is larger than the preset pipe section 13.
  • the second channel cross-sectional area 110 of the pipe section 11 is a following deformation section 12 between the preset pipe section 11 and the non-preset pipe section 13 of the instrument tube.
  • the preset pipe section 11 is surrounded by a single piece of shape memory alloy 20 .
  • the shape memory alloy 20 is distributed along the axis direction of the preset pipe section 11 and is integrally closed in an annular shape.
  • the single piece of shape memory Alloy 20 needs to be explained that a single piece of shape memory alloy 20 installed in the preset pipe section 11 has a high elastic recovery force. Therefore, when using a single piece of shape memory alloy 20 to produce instrument tubes, a thinner thickness can be selected.
  • the preset pipe section 11 is surrounded by multiple pieces of shape memory composites.
  • Gold 20 the shape memory alloy 20 is distributed along the axial direction of the preset pipe section 11, and is arranged in closed annular segments. It should be noted that by arranging multiple pieces of shape memory alloy 20, the triggering temperature of each piece of memory alloy can be controlled individually. Under the synergistic effect of each piece of shape memory alloy 20, the preset pipe section 11 gradually changes from the first cross-sectional shape.
  • each piece of shape memory alloy 20 can be set with different elastic recovery shapes, especially after the elastic recovery deformation is set at the farthest end of the preset pipe section 11, it has the maximum
  • the cross-sectional shape of the shape memory alloy 20 allows the treatment instrument 30 to have a larger space for movement after extending into the front end of the instrument tube, making it more convenient for the operator to operate the treatment instrument 30 .
  • the shape memory alloy 20 is formed into an annular braided shape.
  • the annular braided shape memory alloy 20 has at least a first braided wire 21 and a second braided wire 22 arranged around it.
  • the first braided wire 21 and the second braided wire 22 form a mesh-like stagger, and the first braided wire 21
  • the grid intersections adjacent to the second braided wire 22 are radially spaced B in the first cross-sectional shape of the preset pipe section 11; when the trigger temperature is reached, the first braided wire 21 and the second braided wire 22 are in contact with each other.
  • the distance between adjacent grid intersections in the second cross-sectional shape of the preset pipe section 11 along the radial direction is A, where A is greater than B.
  • first conductor and a second conductor are respectively provided at the proximal ends of the first braided wire 21 and/or the second braided wire 22.
  • the first conductor and the second conductor are connected to an electrical connector, and are energized through the electrical connector to make the annular shape
  • the braided shape memory alloy 20 reaches a preset triggering temperature.
  • shape memory alloy 20 is embedded in the annular wall surface of the preset pipe section 11 , or the shape memory alloy 20 and the preset pipe section 11 are integrally formed.
  • the present invention also provides a distal-end expandable endoscope insertion part, including:
  • the distal housing 100 has an accommodating space for accommodating the above-mentioned preset pipe section 11 along the axial direction of the distal housing 100.
  • the preset pipe section 11 at the far end of the instrument tube body 10a is fixedly installed to the container. placed in the space; and, the instrument tube body 10a is arranged along the axis direction of the insertion part body.
  • the accommodation space can be a recessed space for installing the preset pipe section 11, and part of the outer wall of the preset pipe section 11 can be glued to the recessed wall. At this time, the preset pipe section 11 can be installed.
  • the other part of the outer wall of the pipe section 11 forms a shell for the front end of the insertion part.
  • the distal housing 100 is also provided with an LED unit 102 for providing illumination and a lens 103 for collecting image information.
  • the distal housing 100 is provided with a radially expandable elastic covering layer 104 around the periphery, and the elastic covering layer 104 surrounds the preset pipe section at the distal end of the instrument tube body 10 a. 11. Therefore, when the preset pipe section 11 changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape, the elastic covering layer 104 also follows to achieve elastic expansion.
  • the elastic covering layer 104 can annularly surround the preset pipe section 11 to stabilize it. In its predetermined installation position, the preset pipe section 11 is prevented from moving.
  • the preset pipe section 11 changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape, its surface tension will change, so through the elastic covering The layer 104 wraps it, which can provide expansion space, and will not cause stress concentration in the local area on the surface of the preset pipe section 11, making the insertion part safer and more stable.
  • the distal end of the preset pipe section 11 coincides with the distal end 101 of the distal housing. Therefore, the preset pipe section 11 of the present invention does not move in the axial direction when it changes from the first cross-sectional shape to the second cross-sectional shape, but expands in the radial direction, so that the front end surface of the insertion part changes from the shape shown in Figure 11
  • the distal end of the insertion part is expanded from a smaller distal diameter to a larger distal diameter required for operation. It should be noted here that in the prior art, it is difficult to extend the instrument tube along the axial direction to the distal surface of the insertion part because: 1.
  • the size of the insertion tube is small and usually its diameter is only a few meters.
  • Instruments in which the proximal end of the instrument tube is connected to the endoscope handle 60 Therefore, if you want to push the instrument tube to move along the axis direction, you must set a corresponding pushing mechanism on the endoscope handle 60 to achieve this, which will inevitably increase the number of devices on the handle 60. It is difficult to design and space layout, and a certain length of instrument tube needs to be reserved to connect to the instrument mouth, so that the instrument tube along the axis does not affect the connection state between the instrument tube and the instrument mouth; 3.
  • the instrument tube itself has a certain degree of flexibility , so when the instrument tube is pushed along the axis, the instrument tube is easily deformed and damaged, which increases the risk of infection for the patient.
  • the preset tube section 11 at the front end of the insertion part is at the first cross-section shown in Figure 2 or Figure 11 At this time, the end cross-sectional area of the front end of the insertion part is small, so it is easy to insert into the patient's narrow human body cavity 40.
  • the operator can selectively control the shape memory alloy 20
  • the connected electrical connector makes the shape memory alloy 20 reach the preset trigger temperature, so that the preset pipe section 11 is in the second cross-sectional shape shown in Figure 5 or Figure 12, and the opening at the front end of the instrument tube reaches the point of suction/suction operation or It has the cross-sectional size required for the insertion of the treatment instrument 30, as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14, so that it is convenient for the operator to extend the insertion part into the narrower cavity of the human body, and at the same time, it does not affect the normal suction, Aspirate, and the treatment instrument 30 is inserted into the desired cross-sectional dimensions.
  • the present invention also provides an endoscope handle 60 , including: the above-mentioned distal-end expandable endoscope insertion part, the insertion part is provided on the endoscope handle 60 the far end.
  • the present invention also provides an endoscope, including: the above-mentioned endoscope handle 60.

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Abstract

一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部、内窥镜手柄及内窥镜，包括：器械管本体（10a），器械管本体（10a）远端的预设管段（11）环形设置有形状记忆合金（20），形状记忆合金（20）安装至预设管段（11）的环形壁面上；当形状记忆合金（20）达到预设触发温度时，形状记忆合金（20）恢复预设形态，使器械管本体（10a）远端的预设管段（11）沿径向形变，器械管本体（10a）远端的预设管段（11）从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态；预设管段（11）仅设置在器械管本体（10a）的远端位置，生产时只需要对器械管远端的预设管段（11）设置形状记忆合金（20），而不必对器械管整体设置形状记忆合金（20），既可达到缩小器械管远端尺寸的目的，因此节约了形状记忆合金（20）材料，生产加工成本低。

Description

一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的插入部、手柄及内窥镜 技术领域
本发明属于内窥镜技术领域，涉及一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的插入部、手柄及内窥镜。
背景技术
内窥镜通常包括：用于插入至人体内部的插入部、控制插入部前端进行弯曲的手柄、以及用于显示人体自然腔道内部环境的显示设备；通过上述三个基本部分的配合实现对人体内部的窥视、病灶探索以及治疗的目的。
然而，当插入人体内部的腔道狭小时，比如支气管；因此导致内窥镜插入过程中由于插入部的远端较大，因此导致插入过程存在较大的阻碍，如果强制插入容易导致患者的体内腔道壁面出血，使得患者的应激反应较强，难以使手术进行下去，而达不到治疗效果。
现有技术中，插入部的尺寸无限制缩小是不现实的，一方面在插入部插入人体后需要通过插入部内部的器械管道向人体内注入或抽吸人体内部的液体，以及方便处置器械从该器械管道送入至人体内部，因此在工作时，需要保障器械管合理的尺寸；综上所述，如何减少插入部的远端尺寸，以方便插入部顺利到达患者病灶，成为了亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种内窥镜器械管，包括：
器械管本体，所述器械管本体远端的预设管段环形设置有形状记忆合金，所述形状记忆合金安装至所述预设管段的环形壁面上；
当所述形状记忆合金达到预设触发温度时，所述形状记忆合金恢复预设形 态，使所述器械管本体远端的预设管段沿径向形变，所述器械管本体远端的预设管段从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态；
所述预设管段在第一截面形态沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积，小于所述预设管段在第二截面形态沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积。
优选地，所述预设管段环绕设置有单片形状记忆合金，所述形状记忆合金
沿所述预设管段的轴线方向分布，并且一体环形闭合设置；
或者，所述预设管段环绕设置有多片形状记忆合金，所述形状记忆合金沿所述预设管段的轴线方向分布，且环形分段闭合设置。
优选地，所述形状记忆合金成型为环形编织形状。
优选地，所述器械管本体包括：电导线，所述电导线一端连接所述形状记忆合金，所述电导线另一端连接至电连接器。
优选地，所述形状记忆合金嵌设于所述预设管段的环形壁面内，或者所述形状记忆合金与所述预设管段一体成型。
一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，包括：
插入部本体；
远端壳体，沿所述远端壳体轴线方向形成有用于容置上述预设管段的容置空间，所述器械管本体远端的预设管段固定安装至所述容置空间内；并且，所述器械管本体沿所述插入部本体的轴线方向设置。
优选地，所述远端壳体外围设置有可沿径向扩张的弹性覆面层，所述弹性覆面层包围所述器械管本体远端的预设管段。
优选地，所述预设管段的远端端部与所述远端壳体的远端端部重合。
一种内窥镜手柄，包括：上述的一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，所述插入部设置于所述内窥镜手柄的远端。
一种内窥镜，包括：上述的一种内窥镜手柄。
有益效果：
1、本发明中，预设管段仅设置在器械管本体的远端位置，生产时只需要对器械管远端的预设管段设置形状记忆合金，而不必对器械管整体设置形状记忆合金，即可达到缩小器械管远端尺寸的目的，因此节约了形状记忆合金材料，生产加工成本低。
2、本发明中，每片形状记忆合金可以设置不同的弹性恢复形状，尤其是可以在预设管段的最远端设置弹性恢复形变后具有最大的截面形状的形状记忆合金，从而可以使处置器械在伸入至器械管的前端后具有更大的活动空间，更加方便操作者对处置器械的操作。
3、本发明中，当预设管段从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态时，弹性覆面层也跟随实现弹性扩张，所述弹性覆面层可以环形包围所述预设管段以使其稳定设置在其预定的安装位置上，防止预设管段移动，另外还需要进行说明的是预设管段从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态中，其表面张力会发生变化，因此通过弹性覆面层包裹，可以为其提供扩张空间，并且不会在预设管段表面局部区域发生应力集中，使得插入部工作更加安全稳定。
4、本发明中，本发明的预设管段从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态中不会沿轴线方向移动，而是沿径向扩张，实现插入部远端从较小的远端直径，扩张至工作时所要求的较大的远端直径。
5、本发明中，插入部前端的预设管段处于第一截面形态，此时，插入部前端的端面截面积较小，因此容易插入至患者较窄小的人体腔道，当达到理想病灶靶向位置时，可选择的通过控制与形状记忆合金相连接的电连接器，使形状记忆合金达到预设的触发温度，使预设管段处于第二截面形态，器械管前端的开口达到抽/吸作业或者具备处置器械插入通过所需要的截面尺寸，从而实现既方便操作者将插入部伸入至人体较窄小的腔道中，同时又不影响正常的抽、吸，以及处置器械插入所需的截面尺寸。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例或现 有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的器械管结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置单片形状记忆合金在第一截面形态时的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置多片形状记忆合金的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置多片形状记忆合金达到预设温度后扩张过程中的结构示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置多片形状记忆合金到达第二截面形态结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置环形编织形状形状记忆合金在第一截面形态时的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置环形编织形状形状记忆合金在第二截面形态时的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置环形编织形状形状记忆合金在第二截面形态时网格交点距离为A的结构示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的器械管的预设管段设置环形编织形状形状记忆合金在第一截面形态时网格交点距离为B的结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例提供的插入部结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例提供的插入部远端处于未扩张状态的结构示意图；
图12是本发明实施例提供的插入部远端处于扩张状态的结构示意图；
图13是本发明实施例提供的插入部插入人体腔道环境过程中的结构示意图；
图14是本发明实施例提供的插入部插入人体腔道环境过程中到达工作位 置后处置器械伸出状态的结构示意图；
图15是本发明实施例提供的内窥镜手柄的结构示意图。
附图中：
10、插入部本体；100、远端壳体；101、远端壳体的远端端部；102、LED；103、镜头；104、弹性覆面层；11、预设管段；110、第二通道截面积；10a、器械管本体；12、随动变形段；13、非预设管段；130、第一通道截面积；20、形状记忆合金；21a、电导线；21b、电导线；21、第一编织线材；22、第二编织线材；30、处置器械；40、人体腔道；50、人体组织；60、手柄。
具体实施方式
以下的说明提供了许多不同的实施例、或是例子，用来实施本发明的不同特征。以下特定例子所描述的元件和排列方式，仅用来精简的表达本发明，其仅作为例子，而并非用以限制本发明。
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在 本发明中的具体含义。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之上或之下可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征之上、上方和上面包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征之下、下方和下面包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
另外，在本发明中，“近端”和“远端”是本结构在使用环境下，相对于人体操作的远近位置，以方便对部件之间的位置关系进行描述，同时方便理解；针对同一部件而言，“近端”和“远端”是该部件的相对位置关系，而非绝对的；因此，应当按照实现本发明原理的角度来进行理解，而不能偏离本发明的实质。
请结合附图1至图3所示，本发明的目的是提供一种内窥镜器械管，包括：
器械管本体10a，所述器械管本体10a远端的预设管段11环形设置有形状记忆合金20，所述形状记忆合金20安装至所述预设管段11的环形壁面上；需要进行说明的是，器械管本体10a是具有一定挠度的柔性管体；另外，形状记忆合金20具有形状记忆效应，其具有一个重要性质是超弹性，表现为形状记忆合金20的超弹性会在一定温度下触发，该触发温度受合金的元素成分，以及其比例所决定，因此为实现需要的超弹性可以通过合适的合金成分配比而实现。
需要进行说明的是，预设管段11仅设置在器械管本体10a的远端位置，生产时只需要对器械管远端的预设管段11设置形状记忆合金20，而不必对器械管整体设置形状记忆合金20，既可达到缩小器械管远端尺寸的目的，因此节约了形状记忆合金20材料，生产加工成本低。
因此，在本发明中，当所述形状记忆合金20达到预设触发温度时，所述形状记忆合金20恢复预设形态，使所述器械管本体10a远端的预设管段11沿径 向扩张，所述器械管本体10a远端的预设管段11从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态；
其中，所述预设管段11在第一截面形态沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积，小于所述预设管段11在第二截面形态沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积；具体地，请结合图1所示，图1中左侧视图为右侧器械管沿K-K截面的视角方向的投影，在未达到预设触发温度时，预设管段11为图1中所示的形态，此时预设管段11为沿径向压缩的扁口状，即本发明中所述的第一截面形态；当使用环境需要达到第二截面形态时，通过将连接器械管本体10a的电导线(21a、21b)接电使其发热，从而使形状记忆合金20达到预测触发温度而发生弹性恢复形变；其中，所述电导线(21a、21b)一端连接所述形状记忆合金20，所述电导线(21a、21b)另一端连接至电连接器，其中电导线(21a、21b)可以与形状记忆合金20之间连接，也可以通过连接一热阻丝，该热阻丝与形状记忆合金20贴面设置，从而为形状记忆传导热量，使其达到预设触发温度。
需要进行说明的是，器械管的预设管段11与非预设管段13之间具有随动变形段12，随动变形段12为预设管段11与非预设管段13之间过渡的一体结构，其横截面所包围的面积从预设管段11逐渐向非预设管段13扩张，当形状记忆合金20未达到触发温度时，所述非预设管段13的第一通道截面积130大于预设管段11的第二通道截面积110。
结合图2所示，所述预设管段11环绕设置有单片形状记忆合金20，所述形状记忆合金20沿所述预设管段11的轴线方向分布，并且一体环形闭合设置；单片形状记忆合金20需要进行说明的是，采用在预设管段11内设置单片整体的形状记忆合金20具有较高的弹性恢复力，因此采用单片形状记忆合金20生产器械管时可以选用厚度较为薄一些，在保障使预设管段11达到第二截面形态时，可以节约更多的材料，同时可以有助于降低器械管在预设管段11的壁厚，有助于使器械管本体10a通体壁厚协调一致。
或者，结合图3至图5所示，所述预设管段11环绕设置有多片形状记忆合 金20，所述形状记忆合金20沿所述预设管段11的轴线方向分布，且环形分段闭合设置。需要进行说明的是，通过设置多片形状记忆合金20，每片记忆合金的触发温度可以进行单独控制，在每片形状记忆合金20的协同作用下，使预设管段11逐渐从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态；并且，在此需要进行说明的是，每片形状记忆合金20可以设置不同的弹性恢复形状，尤其是可以在预设管段11的最远端设置弹性恢复形变后具有最大的截面形状的形状记忆合金20，从而可以使处置器械30在伸入至器械管的前端后具有更大的活动空间，更加方便操作者对处置器械30的操作。
进一步地，请结合图6至图9所示，所述形状记忆合金20成型为环形编织形状。所述环形编织形状的形状记忆合金20至少具有环绕设置的第一编织线材21和第二编织线材22，第一编织线材21和第二编织线材22形成网状交错，并且在第一编织线材21和第二编织线材22相邻的网格交点在预设管段11的第一截面形态下，沿径向的间距为B；当达到触发温度时，第一编织线材21和第二编织线材22相邻的网格交点在预设管段11的第二截面形态下，沿径向的间距为A，其中，A大于B。
另外，在第一编织线材21和/或第二编织线材22的近端分别设置第一导线和第二导线，第一导线和第二导线连接至电连接器，通过电连接器通电，使环形编织形状的形状记忆合金20达到预设触发温度。
进一步地，所述形状记忆合金20嵌设于所述预设管段11的环形壁面内，或者所述形状记忆合金20与所述预设管段11一体成型设置。
请结合图10至图12所示，本发明还提供了一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，包括：
插入部本体；
远端壳体100，沿所述远端壳体100轴线方向形成有用于容置上述预设管段11的容置空间，所述器械管本体10a远端的预设管段11固定安装至所述容置空间内；并且，所述器械管本体10a沿所述插入部本体的轴线方向设置。需 要进行说明的是，在本发明中，所述容置空间可以为提供预设管段11安装的凹陷空间，预设管段11的部分外壁可以胶接至凹陷的壁面上，此时器械管的预设管段11的另一部分外壁形成插入部前端的外壳，在该实施例中省略了需要套设在预设管段11外围的壳体，从而使插入部前端可以进一步缩小。远端壳体100上还设置有用于提供照明的LED单元102和采集图像信息的镜头103。
优选地，请结合图10所示，所述远端壳体100外围设置有可沿径向扩张的弹性覆面层104，所述弹性覆面层104包围所述器械管本体10a远端的预设管段11。因此，当预设管段11从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态时，弹性覆面层104也跟随实现弹性扩张，所述弹性覆面层104可以环形包围所述预设管段11以使其稳定设置在其预定的安装位置上，防止预设管段11移动，另外还需要进行说明的是预设管段11从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态中，其表面张力会发生变化，因此通过弹性覆面层104包裹，可以为其提供扩张空间，并且不会在预设管段11表面局部区域发生应力集中，使得插入部工作更加安全稳定。
进一步地，所述预设管段11的远端端部与所述远端壳体的远端端部101重合。因此，本发明的预设管段11从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态中不会沿轴线方向移动，而是沿径向扩张，使的插入部的前端面从图11所示的形态变为图12中的形态，实现插入部远端从较小的远端直径，扩张至工作时所要求的较大的远端直径。在此需要进行说明的是，现有技术中，通过将器械管沿轴线方向伸出至插入部的远端面是难以实现的，原因在于：1、插入管的尺寸较小通常其直径只有几毫米，同时在插入管的内部需要布置控制插入部主动弯曲段弯曲的牵引绳、通过插入部远端的摄像头模组所接收图像的信号传输线、清洗通道等，因此插入管内部空间局促，导致器械管与其它部件之间的摩擦力较大，难以实现将器械管的远端沿其轴线方向伸出至插入部的远端面；2、器械管的近端连接至内窥镜手柄60的器械嘴，因此如果要推动器械管沿轴线方向移动，必然需要在内窥镜手柄60上设置相应的推动机构来实现，势必增加手柄60的设 计和空间布局难度，而且还需要预留一定的器械管长度来连接至器械嘴，使器械管沿轴线以后后不影响器械管与器械嘴之间的连接状态；3、器械管本身具有一定柔性，因此沿轴线方向推动器械管时，器械管极易变形破损，而增加了患者感染的风险。
在实际操作过程中，在插入部插入人体组织50的人体腔道40之前，或者并且未达到人体病灶位置之前，插入部前端的预设管段11处于图2或图11中所示的第一截面形态，此时，插入部前端的端面截面积较小，因此容易插入至患者较窄小的人体腔道40，当达到理想病灶靶向位置时，操作者可选择的通过控制与形状记忆合金20相连接的电连接器，使形状记忆合金20达到预设的触发温度，使预设管段11处于图5或图12中所示的第二截面形态，器械管前端的开口达到抽/吸作业或者具备处置器械30插入通过所需要的截面尺寸，请结合图13和图14所示，从而实现既方便操作者将插入部伸入至人体较窄小的腔道中，同时又不影响正常的抽、吸，以及处置器械30插插入所需的截面尺寸。
请结合图15所示，本发明还提供了一种内窥镜手柄60，包括：上述的一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，所述插入部设置于所述内窥镜手柄60的远端。
进一步的，本发明还提供了一种内窥镜，包括：上述的一种内窥镜手柄60。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种内窥镜器械管，其特征在于，包括：
    器械管本体(10a)，所述器械管本体(10a)远端的预设管段(11)环形设置有形状记忆合金(20)，所述形状记忆合金(20)安装至所述预设管段(11)的环形壁面上；
    当所述形状记忆合金(20)达到预设触发温度时，所述形状记忆合金(20)恢复预设形态，使所述器械管本体(10a)远端的预设管段(11)沿径向形变，所述器械管本体(10a)远端的预设管段(11)从第一截面形态转变为第二截面形态；
    所述预设管段(11)在第一截面形态时沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积，小于所述预设管段(11)在第二截面形态沿所述器械管轴线方向上的投影面积。
  2. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种内窥镜器械管，其特征在于：
    所述预设管段(11)环绕设置有单片所述形状记忆合金(20)，所述形状记忆合金(20)沿所述预设管段(11)的轴线方向分布，并且一体环形闭合设置；
    或者，所述预设管段(11)环绕设置有多片形状记忆合金(20)，所述形状记忆合金(20)沿所述预设管段(11)的轴线方向分布，且一体环形分段闭合设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种内窥镜器械管，其特征在于：所述形状记忆合金(20)成型为环形编织形状。
  4. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种内窥镜器械管，其特征在于，包括：
    电导线(21a)，所述电导线(21a)一端连接所述形状记忆合金(20)，所述电导线(21a)另一端连接至电连接器。
  5. 根据权利要求1中所述的一种内窥镜器械管，其特征在于：所述形状记忆合金(20)嵌设于所述预设管段(11)的环形壁面内，或者所述形状记忆合 金(20)与所述预设管段(11)一体成型。
  6. 一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，其特征在于，包括：
    插入部本体；
    远端壳体(100)，沿所述远端壳体(100)轴线方向形成有用于容置权利要求1-5中任一项中所述预设管段(11)的容置空间，所述器械管本体(10a)远端的预设管段(11)固定安装至所述容置空间内；并且，所述器械管本体(10a)沿所述插入部本体的轴线方向设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6中所述的一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，其特征在于：所述远端壳体(100)外围设置有可沿径向扩张的弹性覆面层(104)，所述弹性覆面层(104)包围所述器械管本体(10a)远端的预设管段(11)。
  8. 根据权利要求6中所述的一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，其特征在于：所述预设管段(11)的远端端部与所述远端壳体的远端端部(101)重合。
  9. 一种内窥镜手柄(60)，其特征在于，包括：权利要求6至8中任一项所述的一种远端可扩张的内窥镜插入部，所述插入部设置于所述内窥镜手柄(60)的远端。
  10. 一种内窥镜，其特征在于，包括：权利要求9中所述的一种内窥镜手柄(60)。
PCT/CN2023/081136 2022-06-15 2023-03-13 一种内窥镜器械管、远端可扩张的插入部、手柄及内窥镜 WO2023241135A1 (zh)

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