WO2023231940A1 - 一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的snp位点组合及其应用 - Google Patents

一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的snp位点组合及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2023231940A1
WO2023231940A1 PCT/CN2023/096722 CN2023096722W WO2023231940A1 WO 2023231940 A1 WO2023231940 A1 WO 2023231940A1 CN 2023096722 W CN2023096722 W CN 2023096722W WO 2023231940 A1 WO2023231940 A1 WO 2023231940A1
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chr
deoxynucleotide
fine
wool
sheep
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French (fr)
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郭婷婷
袁超
刘建斌
岳耀敬
卢曾奎
牛春娥
李建烨
孙晓萍
杨博辉
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中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所
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Priority to AU2023280943A priority Critical patent/AU2023280943A1/en
Publication of WO2023231940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231940A1/zh

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    • C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/16—Primer sets for multiplex assays
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    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of genetic breeding, and specifically relates to a combination of SNP sites related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep and its application.
  • Sheep (Ovis aries) are livestock with important agricultural and biological significance. As one of the earliest domesticated animals, they provide humans with meat, milk, wool, lambskin, etc., and play a vital role in the global agricultural economy. role. Wool is a source of high-quality textile raw materials and plays a significant role in the national economy.
  • Wool is a natural, high-performance material that is stain-resistant, soft, sun-protective, warm and breathable. Therefore, wool plays an important role in textile processing. Wool quality is determined by fiber diameter, fiber length, crimp, color and pith percentage. Fiber diameter is often related to wool processing properties and determines its end use. The above wool traits are affected by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Fiber diameter is one of the important economic traits of fine-wool sheep, usually accounting for 75%–80% of the unit value of wool.
  • Fiber diameter is a major determinant of wool quality and value.
  • the average fiber diameter is one of the most important raw wool properties that can be measured. Therefore, the average fiber diameter is an important determinant of the price of greasy wool. Fiber diameter is also one of the few raw wool parameters that remains essentially unchanged during processing. Diameter limits the thickness (count) of yarn that can be spun from a given raw material. For a given yarn count, various physical properties of the yarn, such as bending stiffness and elongation, depend on its constituent fiber diameter. .
  • Molecular genetic markers are genetic markers based on nucleotide sequence variations within individual genetic material, which are a direct response to genetic polymorphisms at the DNA level. It has significant advantages, such as DNA from different tissues at different stages of biological development can be used for genetic marker analysis; the genome is rich in variation; the detection method is simple and fast, and it is easy to realize automated processing.
  • Molecular genetic markers currently widely used include RFLP (RestrictionFragment Length Polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis technology), RAPD (RandomAmplified PolymorphismDNA, random primer amplified polymorphism DNA technology), AFLP (Amplified FragmentLength Polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism) Morphological analysis technology) and SNP (Single-nucleotide polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms), etc.
  • SNP is an important basis for studying genetic variation in human families, animal and plant strains, and is therefore often widely used in population genetics research and disease-related gene exploration.
  • SNP has often played an important role in animal genetic analysis and genetic breeding. Therefore, livestock genetic breeding often uses SNP to accelerate the innovation of traditional breeding technology and establish innovative breeding theories and systems.
  • the present invention provides a kind of China's four representative fine-wool sheep breeds (Chinese Merino sheep, Alpine Merino sheep). High-depth whole-genome resequencing data of Nu sheep, Aohan fine-wool sheep and Qinghai fine-wool sheep), using the sheep v4.04 genome as a reference, combined with existing research related to sheep production traits, an accurate detection method was obtained using A combination of SNP sites for fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter traits is convenient and has broad market prospects. The sites can be used for the selection, protection and improvement of sheep breeds. Specifically include the following:
  • the present invention provides a combination of 33 SNP sites related to the diameter of fine-wool sheep wool fibers.
  • the 33 SNP site combinations are determined based on sheep v4.0 genome sequence comparison; respectively: located at chr 1 At position 203825947, its deoxynucleotide is C or A; It is located at position 226733906 of chr 1, and its deoxynucleotide is C or T; It is located at position 45470146 of chr 3, and its deoxynucleotide is A or C; It is located at chr 4 at position 68142771, its deoxynucleotide is C or G; at position 93335425 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; at position 93344882 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; at position 93344882 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; at position 93344882 of chr 5, its
  • the present invention provides the application of a reagent for detecting the 33 SNP site combinations related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep described in the first aspect in detecting the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep.
  • the reagent includes a primer for detecting the SNP site combination, and those skilled in the art design primers based on the sequence information of each site in the SNP site combination related to the fine wool fiber diameter provided by the present invention. , primers that can achieve detection purposes under the same reaction conditions. Among them, the design of primers is a conventional method. According to the site information in the SNP site combination related to the fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter provided by this application, it can be obtained without the need for creative work. Therefore, according to the information provided by this application The primers obtained by combining the biological SNP sites related to the fiber diameter of fine wool sheep also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the reagents include a combination of molecular probes for detecting the combination of SNP sites.
  • the design of molecular probes is a conventional method. According to the site information in the SNP site combination related to the fiber diameter of fine wool sheep provided by this application, it can be obtained without the need for creative work. Therefore, according to the information provided by this application The combination of biological SNP sites related to fine wool sheep wool fiber diameter to obtain molecular probes also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the molecular probe combination is as shown in Table 1.
  • the reagent includes a gene chip, which uses conventional methods to fix the obtained primers or probes on a polymer substrate, such as nylon membrane, nitrocellulose membrane, plastic, silica gel wafer, micro magnetic beads, etc., or Fix the probe on a glass plate, or directly synthesize the obtained primer or probe on a hard surface such as glass.
  • a polymer substrate such as nylon membrane, nitrocellulose membrane, plastic, silica gel wafer, micro magnetic beads, etc.
  • the method of using the SNP gene chip of this application is the same as the conventional method.
  • the present invention provides a molecular probe combination for analyzing the fiber diameter characteristics of fine-wool sheep.
  • the molecular probe combination detects 33 SNP positions related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep described in the first aspect. Click combination.
  • the molecular probe combination is as shown in Table 1 above.
  • the present invention provides a gene chip for analyzing the fiber diameter properties of fine-wool sheep, and the gene chip is loaded with the molecular probe combination for analyzing the fiber diameter properties of fine-wool sheep described in the third aspect.
  • the present invention provides a kit for analyzing fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter properties.
  • the kit includes the molecular probe combination for analyzing fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter properties described in the third aspect or the fourth aspect.
  • the above-mentioned gene chip is used to analyze the fiber diameter traits of fine-wool sheep.
  • the present invention provides the molecular probe combination described in the third aspect, or the gene chip described in the fourth aspect, or the kit described in the fifth aspect, for the evaluation of fiber diameter properties of fine-wool sheep. Or in the screening of fine-wool sheep breeds, or in the identification of fine-wool sheep breeds, or in the application of molecular marker-assisted breeding of fine-wool sheep.
  • the present invention provides a method for analyzing the fiber diameter properties of fine-wool sheep.
  • the method is: detecting the genomic DNA of the fine-wool sheep to be tested and related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep as described in the first aspect. 33 SNP site genotypes; compare the 33 SNP site genotypes with the fine-wool sheep genomic DNA, and determine the wool fiber diameter characteristics of the fine-wool sheep based on the genotype detection results.
  • the present invention provides 33 SNP site combinations related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep, and the SNP sites are determined based on sheep v4.0 genome sequence comparison; secondly, the present invention finds that through molecular probing The genotypes of the 33 SNP site combinations related to the wool fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep to be measured in the genomic DNA of fine-wool sheep using methods such as needles or gene chips can be used to analyze the fiber diameter traits of fine-wool sheep and for early breeding selection of fine-wool sheep.
  • the molecular probe combination, gene chip, and kit formed by the combination of 33 SNP sites related to the fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep have low throughput, low cost, easier analysis, and universal applicability wide and broad market prospects.
  • Figure 2 is a Q-Q plot drawn after taking -log10 of the p value calculated in Example 1 under the GLM model in GWAS for the SNP data related to the fiber diameter trait of fine-wool sheep.
  • the experimental conditions of all tests in the following examples are conventional conditions, such as the molecular cloning experimental manual of Sambrook and others, or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer's instructions.
  • the SNP described in the present invention is the abbreviation of single nucleotide polymorphism, which refers to the DNA sequence polymorphism caused by the variation of a single nucleotide at the genome level.
  • the whole genome was resequenced on 460 fine-wool sheep individuals from four representative fine-wool sheep breeds in my country, with an average depth of 5X.
  • the resequencing analysis process was applied and compared with the sheep v4.0 reference genome released in 2015 (from NCBI). Obtain) for comparison, and the common results obtained by comparing the two methods form a SNP set.
  • high-depth resequencing of multiple fine-wool sheep individuals was completed by a biological sequencing company.
  • the sequencing results completed by the biological sequencing company can all achieve the technical purpose of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited.
  • This application compares the Fastq file returned by the sequencing company to the reference genome sheep v4.0 through the BAM file to obtain the BAM file, and uses SAMtools and GATK software to analyze the sample BAM file to obtain a VCF file containing population SNP typing information.
  • the VCF file results obtained by the two methods were combined, and after quality screening, a SNP set containing 33 SNP sites was obtained.
  • the fine-wool sheep breeds used in the present invention are four representative fine-wool sheep breeds in China, namely Chinese Merino sheep, Alpine Merino sheep, Aohan fine-wool sheep and Qinghai fine-wool sheep.
  • y X ⁇ +Q ⁇ +K ⁇ +e
  • y is the phenotype vector
  • X is the genotype matrix
  • ⁇ is the genotype effect vector
  • Q is the fixed effect matrix (can be the population structure/ Gender/location/scene and other information)
  • ⁇ is the fixed effect vector
  • K is the random effect matrix, mainly refers to the kinship matrix
  • ⁇ is the random effect vector
  • e is the residual vector.
  • SNP sites corresponding to the functional regions of the candidate genes determined in step 2, and we obtain SOX2, DNAJC19, MFSD1, RARRES1, EHBP1, TMEM17, JAZF1, CAST, ERAP1, ERAP2, TSPAN5, FAM184B, LOC101103163, KCTD12, RNF43, CAPN2 , PRRX1, TNNT2, LOC101112664, LOC101108158, ELOVL5, ID4, RNF144B, ELOVL2, MKI67, MGMT, LOC101110287, HNRNPF, BICC1 and UBE2E1, a total of 30 functional genes or markers associated with fiber diameter, and only 33 SNP sites are included. combination of sites.
  • this application commissioned Boridi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. to prepare a panel of SNPs related to fiber diameter.
  • the PCR product is purified using carboxyl magnetic beads, it is again added to the sequencing primers with Barcode and the high-fidelity PCR reaction system for PCR amplification. Different Barcodes are used to distinguish different samples.
  • the amplified product is completed to complete multiplex PCR capture and library construction.
  • GenoBaits (based on liquid phase probes) independently developed by Boridi were selected.
  • Hybrid targeted gene capture technology solution to detect the wool fiber diameter of its individuals.
  • the working principle of this technology is based on the complementary combination of the target probe and the target sequence for fixed-site capture.
  • the captured target sequence is eluted, target amplified, library constructed and sequenced, and finally the genotype of the target SNP is obtained.
  • Economically Under effective conditions, the number of target sites and their labels that can be detected is equivalent to that of high-density solid-phase chips in terms of detection density and throughput. Through this technology, the result value of the target sample is obtained.
  • the polymorphism detection results of fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter-related loci are shown in Table 3.
  • the above results show that by detecting the genotypes of the 33 fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter SNP site combinations described in the present invention, the fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter can be analyzed.
  • the 33 SNP site combinations are: respectively located: Chr 1 at position 203825947, its deoxynucleotide is C or A; Chr 1 at position 226733906, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; Chr 3 at position 45470146, its deoxynucleotide is A or C; Located at position 68142771 of chr 4, its deoxynucleotide is C or G; located at position 93335425 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; located at position 93344882 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T ; Located at position 93387255 of chr 5, its deoxynucleotide is C or T; Located at position 93391985 of chr 5, its de
  • the present invention obtains the genotype of the target SNP through GenoPlexs (targeted gene capture technology solution based on multiplex PCR) and GenoBaits (targeted gene capture technology solution based on liquid phase probe hybridization), and realizes the determination of the fiber diameter of fine wool sheep. Rapid and effective detection is of great significance to molecular breeding of sheep and the protection and transformation of germplasm resources.
  • SNP site combination Based on the fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter SNP site combination provided by the present invention, which is composed of only 33 SNP sites, those skilled in the art can prepare SNP probe combinations, gene chips and kits for analyzing fine-wool sheep wool fiber diameter. Analyze the wool fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep at the genome level, or conduct genetic assessment, breed screening, and breed identification to obtain higher accuracy in breeding value estimation and control the breeding process. It can also be applied to the reconstruction of sheep pedigrees and the traceability of sheep breeds. , germplasm resource protection and germplasm resource improvement.

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Abstract

属于生物技术领域，具体涉及一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合及应用。提供了与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合，所述SNP位点基于绵羊v4.0基因组序列比对确定；提供了检测SNP位点组合的基因型的试剂在检测细毛羊羊毛纤维直径或细毛羊分子标记辅助育种中的应用；以及基于该位点组合形成的分子探针组合、基因芯片、试剂盒，利用该SNP位点组合及分子探针组合、基因芯片、试剂盒能对细毛羊个体的羊毛纤维直径进行分析，对早期难以度量的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状进行个体选择，缩短世代间隔，加速育种进程，节约育种成本，为今后细毛羊的鉴定、保种和分子遗传育种提供支撑。

Description

一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合及其应用
本申请要求于2022年05月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为“202210602891.2”、发明名称为“一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于基因育种技术领域，具体涉及一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合及其应用。
背景技术
绵羊(Ovis aries)是一种具有重要农业和生物学意义的家畜，它作为最早被驯化的动物之一，为人类提供肉、奶、羊毛和羔皮等，在全球农业经济中发挥着至关重要的作用。羊毛是优质纺织原料的来源，对国民经济具有重大作用。
我国拥有丰富的毛用绵羊品种资源。羊毛是一种天然的高性能材料，具有防污、柔软、防晒、保暖和透气等多种特性。因此，羊毛在纺织加工中占有重要地位。羊毛质量由纤维直径、纤维长度、卷曲、颜色和髓质百分比决定。纤维直径通常与羊毛加工性能相关，并决定其最终用途。上述羊毛性状受遗传和非遗传因素的共同影响。纤维直径作为细毛羊重要经济性状之一，通常占羊毛单位价值的75％–80％。
纤维直径是羊毛质量和价值的主要决定因素。平均纤维直径是可测量的最重要的原毛性能之一。因此，平均纤维直径是含脂羊毛价格的重要决定因素。纤维直径也是少数在加工过程中基本保持不变的原毛参数之一。直径限制了可以从给定原材料纺出的纱线厚度(支数)，对于给定的纱线支数，纱线的各种物理特性，例如弯曲刚度和伸长率，均取决于其组成纤维直径。
分子遗传标记方法(Molecular Genetic Markers)是以个体遗传物质内核苷酸序列变异为基础的遗传标记，是DNA水平遗传多态性的直接反应。它具有显著的优越性，如生物发育的不用阶段，不同组织的DNA均可用于遗传标记分析；基因组变异丰富；检测手段简单快捷，易实现自动化处理等。分子遗传标记目前应用广泛的有RFLP(RestrictionFragment Length Polymorphism，限制性片段长度多态分析技术)、RAPD(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphismDNA，随机引物扩增多态性DNA技术)、AFLP(Amplified FragmentLength Polymorphism，扩增片段长度多态性分析技术)以及SNP(Single-nucleotidepolymorphisms，单核苷酸多态性)等。其中，SNP是研究人类家族和动植物品系遗传变异的重要依据，因此常被广泛应用于群体遗传学研究和疾病相关的基因探究。近年来，SNP常在动物遗传学分析和遗传育种中发挥着重要作用，因此，家畜遗传育种也常借助SNP来加速传统育种技术的革新，建立创新型的育种理论与体系。
目前，可以进行SNP基因型分型的技术有很多。目前绵羊SNP研究中缺乏对细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点结合研究。
发明内容
为满足我国当前育种生产上对生产性状方向的芯片位点功能检测和功能研究方面的需求，本发明提供了一种中国具有代表性的四个细毛羊品种(中国美利奴羊、高山美利奴羊、敖汉细毛羊和青海细毛羊)的高深度全基因组重测序数据，以绵羊v4.04基因组为参考，结合已有的与绵羊生产性状相关的研究，获得了一种检测准确，使用方便，市场前景广阔的一种细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的SNP位点组合，所述位点能够用于绵羊品种的选育、保护以及改良。具体包括以下内容：
第一方面，本发明提供了一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合，所述33个SNP位点组合基于绵羊v4.0基因组序列比对确定；分别为：位于chr 1第203825947位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 1第226733906位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 3第45470146位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 4第68142771位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 5第93335425位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93344882位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93387255位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93391985位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 5第93392877位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93393426位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 5第93507537位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 6第25952072位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 6第37126564位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 10第51739659位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 11第8917643位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 12第25119445位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr12第25120732位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 12第25135944位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 12第25149517位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 12第25152554位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 12第25154575位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 12第25155325位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 12第36292909位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 12第78576808位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 15第68745093位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第25185724位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第37863763位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第44119346位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr22第46988971位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 22第47002481位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 22第50203275位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 25第13791395位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr26第40609491位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T。
第二方面，本发明提供了检测上述第一方面所述与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合的试剂在检测与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径中的应用。
优选地，所述试剂包括用于检测所述SNP位点组合的引物，本领域技术人员根据本发明提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合中的每一个位点的序列信息设计引物，可以在同一反应条件下实现检测目的的引物。其中，引物的设计为常规方法，根据本申请提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合中的位点信息，不再需要付出创造性劳动的情况下就能获得，因此，根据本申请提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关生物SNP位点组合获得引物也属于本发明的保护范围。
优选地，所述试剂包括用于检测所述SNP位点组合的分子探针组合。分子探针的设计为常规方法，根据本申请提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合中的位点信息，不再需要付出创造性劳动的情况下就能获得，因此，根据本申请提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关生物SNP位点组合获得分子探针也属于本发明的保护范围。
优选地，所述分子探针组合如表1所示。
表1与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点组合的分子探针组合












优选地，所述试剂包括基因芯片，所述基因芯片采用常规方法将获得的引物或探针固定在聚合物基片上，例如尼龙膜、硝酸纤维膜、塑料、硅胶晶片、微型磁珠等，或将探针固定在玻璃板上，或在玻璃等硬质表面上直接合成获得的引物或探针，本申请的SNP基因芯片的使用方法与常规方法相同。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合，所述分子探针组合检测上述第一方面中所述的与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合。
优选地，所述分子探针组合如上表1所示。
第四方面，本发明提供了一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的基因芯片，所述基因芯片负载有上述第三方面所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合。
第五方面，本发明提供了一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的试剂盒，所述试剂盒包括上述第三方面所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合或第四方面所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的基因芯片。
第六方面，本发明提供了上述第三方面所述的分子探针组合，或上述第四方面所述的基因芯片，或上述第五方面所述的试剂盒在细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状评价，或在细毛羊品种筛选，或在细毛羊品种鉴定，或在细毛羊分子标记辅助育种中的应用。
第七方面，本发明提供了一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的方法，所述方法为：检测待测细毛羊的基因组DNA中如上述第一方面所述的与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点基因型；对照细毛羊基因组DNA的所述33个SNP位点基因型进行比较，根据基因型检测结果判断细毛羊的羊毛纤维直径性状。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供了与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合，所述SNP位点基于绵羊v4.0基因组序列比对确定；其次，本发明发现通过分子探针或基因芯片等方式待测细毛羊基因组DNA中的与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合的基因型，能够用于细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状分析，用于细毛羊早期育种选择，实现对早期难以度量的净毛率性状进行个体选择，缩短世代间隔，加速育种进程，节约大量的育种成本，为今后细毛羊的鉴定、保种、以及遗传育种提供支撑；而且基于本发明提供的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合形成的分子探针组合、基因芯片、试剂盒与现有的高密度芯片相比，通量小、成本低，分析更容易，普适性广，市场前景广阔。
附图说明
图1对与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状相关的SNP数据进行GWAS中GLM模型下实施例1中计算 获得的p值取-log10以后绘制的曼哈顿图；其中，FD表示羊毛纤维直径；
图2对与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状相关的SNP数据进行GWAS中GLM模型下实施例1中计算获得的p值取-log10以后绘制的Q-Q图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。需要指出的是以下实施例的给出仅是为了起到说明的目的，并不是用于对本发明的范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的宗旨和精神的情况下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和替换。
下述实施例中所有试验的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所有试验的实验条件如无特殊说明，均为常规条件，如Sambrook等分子克隆实验手册，或按照制造厂商说明书建议的条件。
本发明所述的SNP是单核苷酸多态性的简称，指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。
实施例1细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点
1、总SNP集合的获取
对我国具有代表性的四个细毛羊品种中460个细毛羊个体进行了全基因组重测序，平均深度为5X，应用重测序分析流程，与2015年发布的绵羊v4.0参考基因组(从NCBI中获取)进行比对，两种方式比对获得的共同结果形成一个SNP集合。
具体而言，对多个细毛羊个体进行高深度重测序是由生物测序公司完成，生物测序公司完成的测序结果均能够实现本发明的技术目的，本发明不做限制。本申请将测序公司返回的Fastq文件通过BAM文件比对到参考基因组绵羊v4.0后的得到BAM文件，利用SAMtools和GATK软件对样本BAM文件分析得到的包含群体SNP分型信息的VCF文件，将两种方式获得的VCF文件结果合并，经过质量筛选后获得了包含33个SNP位点的SNP集合。
具体的，本发明所使用的细毛羊品种为中国四个具有代表性的细毛羊品种，分别是中国美利奴羊、高山美利奴羊、敖汉细毛羊和青海细毛羊。
2、候选基因与所在功能区域的筛选
根据中国具有代表性的四个细毛羊品种(中国美利奴羊、高山美利奴羊、敖汉细毛羊和青海细毛羊)在羊毛纤维直径性状上表现出来的显著性差异，首先利用自写的perl脚本对其进行标记质控，去除此等位基因频率小于0.05，缺失率大于20％，杂合比例大于80％以及非二等位的位点。其次借助五部分的群体分析，其中包括由MEGA-X软件完成的系统发育树的构建、由Admixture软件(v1.3)软件完成的群体结构分析、由gcta(v1.92.2)软件完成的PCA分析和亲缘关系分析以及由软件HaploviewLD完成的衰减分析，可以综合评判材料的遗传多样性以及遗传背景是否存在较大的差异，揭示非家系群体或系谱不明确的群体材料的遗传相似度以及各个亚群和整体材料的受选择程度，由此确定调整GWAS(全基因组关联分析)所采用的模型。最终通过GLM(简单线性模型)，以曼哈顿图(图1)与Q-Q(图2)图展示定位到了与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP位点以及候选基因，以阈值为0.01筛选出了其显著结果，确定了30个与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的，功能确定的候选基因或标记SOX2、DNAJC19、MFSD1、RARRES1、EHBP1、TMEM17、JAZF1、CAST、ERAP1、ERAP2、TSPAN5、FAM184B、LOC101103163、KCTD12、RNF43、CAPN2、PRRX1、TNNT2、LOC101112664、LOC101108158、ELOVL5、ID4、RNF144B、ELOVL2、MKI67、MGMT、LOC101110287、HNRNPF、 BICC1和UBE2E1。
3、功能基因位点对应SNP位点的提取
利用GWAS模型的统一表达式：y＝Xα+Qβ+Kμ+e，其中，y为表型向量，X为基因型矩阵，α为基因型效应向量，Q为固定效应矩阵(可以为群体结构/性别/地点/场次等信息)，β为固定效应向量，K为随机效应矩阵，主要指亲缘关系矩阵，μ为随机效应向量，e为残差向量。针对每个SNP位点，都检验α是否为0，α为0的概率值p用于衡量标记基因型与表型的关联程度，p值越小，α为0的概率越小，该标记越可能与性状关联。从而有步骤2确定的候选基因所在的功能区域对应的SNP位点，得到SOX2、DNAJC19、MFSD1、RARRES1、EHBP1、TMEM17、JAZF1、CAST、ERAP1、ERAP2、TSPAN5、FAM184B、LOC101103163、KCTD12、RNF43、CAPN2、PRRX1、TNNT2、LOC101112664、LOC101108158、ELOVL5、ID4、RNF144B、ELOVL2、MKI67、MGMT、LOC101110287、HNRNPF、BICC1和UBE2E1共30个与纤维直径相关联的功能基因或标记，且仅包含33个SNP位点的位点组合。
所述33个SNP位点组合的物理信息具体如下表2所示。
表2细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状SNP位点组合的物理信息

实施例2细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的SNP的panel制备
基于实施例1获得的SNP位点组合，本申请委托博瑞迪生物科技有限公司进行了纤维直径相关的SNP的panel制备。在定量质检合格的DNA中加入多重PCR Panel mix和多重PCR扩增酶体系，置于PCR仪上完成PCR反应。PCR产物利用羧基磁珠进行纯化后，再次计入带有Barcode的测序引物和高保真PCR反应体系进行PCR扩增，不同的Barcode用于区分不同的样品。经过羧基磁珠纯化后扩增产物，即完成多重PCR捕获及文库建库。本领域技术人员根据本发明提供的细毛羊净毛率相关的SNP位点组合中的每一个位点的序列信息设计引物，为常规方法，不再需要付出创造性劳动的情况下就能获得；而且，panel制备也是依据本发明提供的细毛羊净毛率相关的SNP位点组合能够常规制备的。
实施例3437个细毛羊个体羊毛纤维直径的检测
基于实施例1获取到的SNP位点与实施例2的1Kpenal制备对细毛羊的个体进行检测，在本发明的一个实施例中，选择了采用博瑞迪自主研发的GenoBaits(基于液相探针杂交的靶向基因捕获技术方案)对其个体进行羊毛纤维直径的检测。该技术的工作原理是基于目标探针与靶向序列互补结合进行定点捕获，对捕获的靶点序列进行洗脱、靶点扩增、建库和测序，最终获得目标SNP的基因型，在经济有效的条件下，所能检测的靶向位点及其标记数目在检测密度和通量上等同于高密度固相芯片。通过该技术从而获得目标样本的结果值。细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关位点多态性检测结果如表3所示。
表3细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关位点多态性


细毛羊不同基因型与羊毛纤维直径之间的相关分析结果如表4所示。
表4细毛羊不同基因型与羊毛纤维直径之间的相关分析结果


上述结果表明，通过检测本发明所述的33个细毛羊羊毛纤维直径SNP位点组合的基因型，可以对细毛羊羊毛纤维直径进行分析，其中33个SNP位点组合分别为：分别为：位于chr 1第203825947位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 1第226733906位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 3第45470146位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 4第68142771位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 5第93335425位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93344882位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93387255位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93391985位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 5第93392877位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93393426位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 5第93507537位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 6第25952072位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 6第37126564位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 10第51739659位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 11第8917643位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 12第25119445位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 12第25120732位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 12第25135944位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 12第25149517位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr12第25152554位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 12第25154575位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 12第25155325位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 12第36292909位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 12第78576808位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 15第68745093位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第25185724位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第37863763位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第44119346位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 22第46988971位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 22第47002481位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 22第50203275位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr25第13791395位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr26第40609491位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T。
本发明通过GenoPlexs(基于多重PCR的靶向基因捕获技术方案)和GenoBaits(基于液相探针杂交的靶向基因捕获技术方案)技术，获得目标SNP的基因型，实现了细毛羊羊毛纤维直径的快速有效检测，对绵羊的分子育种以及种质资源的保护与改造均有着重要的意义。
本领域技术人员基于本发明提供的仅由33个SNP位点组成的细毛羊羊毛纤维直径SNP位点组合可以制成的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径的SNP探针组合、基因芯片和试剂盒，能够在基因组水平上对细毛羊羊毛纤维直径进行分析，或遗传评估、品种筛选、品种鉴定，以获得更高的育种值估计准确性，控制育种进程，还能够应用于绵羊系谱重构、绵羊品种溯源、种质资源保护和种质资源改良。由于与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的研究较为稀缺，因此本申请旨在加速细毛羊的分子育种进程，增强对该物种资源的保护与改良，节约大量的育种成本，由此提升细毛羊带来的毛用经济效益。
以上所述仅为帮助理解本发明的优选实例，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化，在不违背本发明的思想下，本领域技术人员在此基础上对本发明作出的各种改动或者修改，同样应属于本发明的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合，其特征在于，所述33个SNP位点组合基于绵羊v4.0基因组序列比对确定；分别为：位于chr 1第203825947位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 1第226733906位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 3第45470146位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 4第68142771位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 5第93335425位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93344882位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93387255位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93391985位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 5第93392877位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 5第93393426位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 5第93507537位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 6第25952072位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 6第37126564位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 10第51739659位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 11第8917643位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 12第25119445位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 12第25120732位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或G；位于chr 12第25135944位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或G；位于chr 12第25149517位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或A；位于chr 12第25152554位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或A；位于chr 12第25154575位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 12第25155325位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 12第36292909位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 12第78576808位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr 15第68745093位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第25185724位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第37863763位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T；位于chr 20第44119346位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 22第46988971位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 22第47002481位，其脱氧核苷酸为A或C；位于chr 22第50203275位，其脱氧核苷酸为G或A；位于chr 25第13791395位，其脱氧核苷酸为T或C；位于chr26第40609491位，其脱氧核苷酸为C或T。
  2. 检测权利要求1所述与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合的试剂在检测细毛羊羊毛纤维直径或在细毛羊分子标记辅助育种中的应用。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述试剂包括用于检测所述SNP位点组合的引物和/或分子探针组合。
  4. 一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合，其特征在于，所述分子探针组合检测如权利要求1中所述的与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点组合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的分子探针组合，其特征在于，所述分子探针组合包括SEQ ID NO.1～SEQ ID NO.156所示的核苷酸序列。
  6. 一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的基因芯片，其特征在于，所述基因芯片负载有权利要求4或5所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合。
  7. 一种分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的试剂盒，其特征在于，所述试剂盒包括权利要求4或5所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的分子探针组合或权利要求6所述的分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的基因芯片。
  8. 如权利要求4或5所述的分子探针组合，或权利要求6所述的基因芯片，或权利要求7所述的试剂盒在细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状评价，或在细毛羊品种筛选，或在细毛羊品种鉴定，或在细毛羊分子标记辅助育种中的应用。
  9. 分析细毛羊羊毛纤维直径性状的方法，其特征在于，所述方法为：检测待测细毛羊的基因组DNA中如权利要求1所述的与细毛羊羊毛纤维直径相关的33个SNP位点基因型；对照细毛羊基因组DNA的所述33个SNP位点基因型进行比较，根据基因型检测结果判断细毛羊的羊毛纤维直径性状。
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