WO2023221267A1 - 端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221267A1
WO2023221267A1 PCT/CN2022/104220 CN2022104220W WO2023221267A1 WO 2023221267 A1 WO2023221267 A1 WO 2023221267A1 CN 2022104220 W CN2022104220 W CN 2022104220W WO 2023221267 A1 WO2023221267 A1 WO 2023221267A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
end cap
groove
cap assembly
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/104220
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
柯海波
李全坤
毛国安
王鹏
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280042083.3A priority Critical patent/CN117480676A/zh
Publication of WO2023221267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221267A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/155—Lids or covers characterised by the material
    • H01M50/157—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/159—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, low environmental pollution, high power density, long service life, wide adaptability, and small self-discharge coefficient. They are one of the most widely used batteries in the world today and are also the starting point for the development of new energy. An important part of. With the continuous development of lithium-ion battery technology, higher requirements have been put forward for the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. Among them, the pressure relief parts on lithium-ion batteries have an important impact on the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, in some cases, the installation of pressure relief parts is not conducive to the improvement of battery energy density.
  • one purpose of the present application is to provide an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and a power device to improve battery energy density.
  • An embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an end cover assembly, including an end cover and a pressure relief member.
  • the end cover is provided with a groove portion that is recessed toward the interior of the battery cell.
  • the bottom of the groove portion is provided with a first Through hole, the edge of the first through hole is provided with a first protrusion, the first protrusion protrudes from the bottom of the groove in a direction away from the inside of the battery cell; the pressure relief part is arranged in the groove part, and the pressure relief part faces away from the groove.
  • the distance between the top surface inside the battery cell and the bottom of the groove is less than or equal to the depth of the groove.
  • the pressure relief component includes a pressure relief component body covering the first through hole and a pressure relief component connected to the edge of the pressure relief component body.
  • the second protruding portion protrudes from the pressure relief component body in a direction toward the bottom of the groove, and is located between the first protruding portion and the inner peripheral side surface of the groove portion.
  • the pressure relief part does not protrude from the top surface of the end cover, and the pressure relief part does not occupy additional space in the height direction of the battery cell, without changing the total height of the battery cell.
  • the internal space of the battery cell using this end cap assembly is larger, the number of pole pieces that can be accommodated inside the battery cell is increased, thereby increasing the active material capacity of the battery cell, thereby increasing the battery cell's energy density.
  • the matching relationship between the first protruding portion and the second protruding portion can serve as a positioning function, so that the installation position of the pressure relief component can be determined during the assembly process.
  • the dimension of the first protrusion protruding from the bottom of the groove is the first dimension
  • the dimension between the second protrusion and the bottom of the groove is the second dimension
  • the first dimension is larger than the second dimension.
  • the difference between the first dimension and the second dimension is greater than 0 millimeters (mm) and less than or equal to 0.8 times the second size, or the difference between the first dimension and the second dimension is greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. .
  • the top surface of the first protruding part protrudes moderately higher than the surface of the second protruding part facing the bottom of the groove part, and the second protruding part extends into the inside of the first protruding part and the groove part. Moderate size between sides.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a sealing member, and at least part of the sealing member abuts between the groove bottom and the pressure relief component body to seal the pressure relief component body and part of the end cap that forms the groove portion.
  • the sealing member can seal the gap between the groove bottom of the groove portion and the pressure relief component body, thereby reducing the possibility of gas inside the battery cell overflowing from the gap between the groove bottom of the groove portion and the pressure relief component body.
  • the second protrusion abuts the peripheral side of the seal.
  • at least part of the sealing element is located between the first protruding part and the second protruding part, and the second protruding part can play a certain limiting role on the sealing part to ensure that the sealing part can be positioned between the first protruding part and the first protruding part. and between the second raised portion.
  • At least part of the seal is located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and the at least part of the seal and the first protrusion have a first gap in a direction parallel to the groove bottom.
  • the maximum dimension of the seal along the depth direction of the groove portion is the third dimension
  • the third dimension is larger than the dimension of the second protruding portion protruding from the pressure relief component body
  • the third dimension is also larger than The first protrusion protrudes beyond the size of the groove bottom. Therefore, there is a certain space between the first protruding portion and the pressure relief component body in the thickness direction of the end cover, so as to facilitate the installation of the second sealing portion of the sealing component.
  • the seal includes: a first sealing part and a second sealing part, the first sealing part is in contact between the groove bottom and the pressure relief component body, the second sealing part is connected to the first sealing part, and the The two sealing parts are in contact between the first protruding part and the pressure relief component body.
  • the sealing member can also seal the gap between the first protrusion part and the pressure relief part body to reduce the possibility of gas inside the battery cell overflowing from the gap between the first protrusion part and the pressure relief part body.
  • the second sealing part has a second through hole connected with the first through hole, the hole wall of the second through hole surrounds an inner peripheral side of the second sealing part, and the inner peripheral side of the second sealing part is bordered by The first protruding portion protrudes toward the center line of the second through hole.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a compression piece, the compression piece is disposed on the outside of the pressure relief piece away from the bottom of the groove, and the compression piece is connected to the end cover to compress the pressure relief piece between the compression piece and the pressure relief piece. between the bottom of the tank.
  • the pressing member is capped on the pressure relief member to compress the pressure relief member between the pressing member and the bottom of the groove, thereby improving the stability of the pressure relief member being installed on the end cover.
  • the distance between the top surface of the pressing member away from the pressure relief member and the bottom of the groove is less than or equal to the depth of the groove portion.
  • the pressing member and the end cap are made of the same material.
  • the pressing piece and the end cover made of the same metal can be welded together, which can effectively improve the connection strength between the pressing piece and the end cover, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the end cover assembly.
  • the end cap assembly further includes an insulating member, at least part of which is disposed between the pressing member and the pressure relief member to insulate and isolate the pressing member and the pressure relief member, thereby reducing the friction between the pressure relief member and the pressure relief member.
  • the phenomenon of current conduction occurs between the batteries to prevent the battery cells from short-circuiting.
  • the insulating member includes a first insulating part and a second insulating part connected in sequence, the first insulating part is disposed between part of the top surface of the pressure relief part and the pressing part, and the second insulating part covers the pressure relief part. the outer peripheral side of the piece. This design can achieve electrical insulation between the pressure relief component, the pressing component, and the connection portion of the groove portion.
  • the end cap assembly further includes an insulating member.
  • the insulating member is disposed between the pressure relief member and the groove bottom to insulate the pressure relief member from the groove bottom.
  • the insulating member can realize the isolation between the pressure relief member and the groove portion. Insulating isolation of the bearing part to achieve electrical insulation between the pressure relief component and the bearing part of the groove part.
  • the insulating member is connected to the second insulating part, and the insulating member covers part of the bottom surface of the pressure relief member facing the bottom of the groove, so that the insulating member and the insulating member become an integral body to completely insulate the pressure relief member from the groove part. Isolate.
  • the isolating component and the insulating component are formed into one piece through an integral molding process. In this way, not only can the assembly process of the isolation member and the insulating member be omitted, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the end cover assembly, but also the structural strength of the insulating member can be effectively improved without increasing the cost.
  • the end cap assembly also includes a sealing member, the sealing member is in contact between the tank bottom and the pressure relief member, the isolating member is tightly connected to the sealing member, and the isolating member and the sealing member become an integral body, so that the sealing member not only It has a sealing function and also has the function of insulating and isolating the pressure relief component from the bottom of the groove.
  • the insulating member abuts against a side of the pressure relief member facing the bottom of the tank, and there is a second gap between the insulating member and the bottom of the tank.
  • the second gap provides an assembly gap for the installation of the insulating member, so that the insulating member can be easily Install onto the pressure relief piece.
  • the end cap includes an end cap body
  • the groove portion includes a bearing portion and a connecting portion
  • the surface of the bearing portion facing the outside of the battery cell forms the bottom of the groove
  • the connecting portion is arranged around the edge of the bearing portion
  • the bearing portion and the end The cover body is connected through the connecting part.
  • the end cap body, the connecting part and the bearing part are one piece processed by an integral molding process. This eliminates the process of assembling the groove part and the end cap body and improves assembly efficiency. At the same time, the structural strength of the end cover can be improved without increasing the cost.
  • the pressure relief component is made of aluminum
  • the end cover is made of steel.
  • Steel end caps have high-temperature resistance, which helps reduce the risk of high-temperature melting of battery cells due to explosion due to short circuit or overcharging, and alleviates the problem of high-temperature melting of battery cells.
  • the aluminum pressure relief parts have low hardness, which is easy to process to form score grooves, and because the hardness of the end cover is greater than the hardness of the pressure relief parts, the battery cells will be damaged when the internal pressure of the battery cells increases. The internal gas will preferentially impact the pressure relief parts with smaller hardness, so that the pressure relief parts can perform the function of pressure relief, which is conducive to the controllable exhaust direction of the battery cells.
  • the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a battery cell, which includes a battery cell assembly, a casing and the end cover assembly in the above embodiment.
  • the casing has an opening, the battery cell assembly is accommodated in the casing, and the end cover assembly Cover the opening.
  • the third embodiment of the present application provides a battery, which includes the battery cell provided by the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery provided by the third embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of an end cap assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along the B-B direction of the end cap assembly shown in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of C in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of point A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another end cap assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of D in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is an exploded schematic diagram of the pressure relief component provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another end cap assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of E in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another end cap assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • lithium-ion batteries are widely used due to their advantages such as high energy density, high power density, and small self-discharge coefficient.
  • a lithium-ion battery is short-circuited or overcharged, a large amount of gas is generated inside the lithium-ion battery, causing the internal pressure of the battery cell to rise sharply.
  • the pressure relief part protrudes from the end cover, the pressure relief part will occupy the height space of the battery system assembly, thereby reducing the capacity space available for the battery cell, resulting in a reduction in the number of pole pieces that can be stored inside the battery, and the active material The capacity is reduced, which is not conducive to improving the energy density of the battery.
  • inventions of the present application provide an end cover assembly, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the end cover assembly has an end cover and a pressure relief component, and the end cover is provided with a
  • the interior of the body is a concave groove
  • the pressure relief member is arranged in the groove
  • the distance between the top surface of the pressure relief member facing away from the interior of the battery cell and the bottom of the groove is less than or equal to the depth of the groove
  • the top surface of the pressure relief component facing away from the inside of the battery cell does not protrude from the top surface of the end cover.
  • the pressure relief component does not occupy additional height space of the battery system assembly, thereby increasing the space inside the battery for storing pole pieces.
  • the active material capacity of the battery increases, which is beneficial to improving the spatial energy density of the battery.
  • the end cap assembly disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but is not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • the power supply system of the electrical device can be composed of the end cap assembly, battery, etc. disclosed in this application, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 , and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case 10 .
  • the box 10 is used to provide an accommodation space for the battery cells 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12 , the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a space for accommodating the battery cells 20 of accommodation space.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure.
  • the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a receiving space.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 is covered with the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box 10 ; of course, the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 First, the battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes. According to the packaging method, the battery cell 20 may be a cylindrical battery cell, a square battery cell or a soft pack-shaped battery cell.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell 20 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover assembly 21 , a housing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover assembly 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery core assembly 23 , electrolyte, and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover assembly 21 may be independent components.
  • An opening may be provided on the housing 22 and the end cover assembly 21 covers the opening at the opening to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When the housing 22 needs to be packaged, When inside, the end cover assembly 21 is then closed with the housing 22 .
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 that undergoes electrochemical reactions.
  • One or more battery core assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22 .
  • the cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the battery cell assembly 23, and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material constitute the tabs 23a respectively.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs 23a are connected to the electrode terminals to form a current loop.
  • the end cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the housing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap assembly 21 may be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of an end cap assembly 21 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the end cap assembly 21 shown in FIG. 4 along the B-B direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of C in FIG. 5 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 provided in this embodiment may specifically include an end cover 210 and a pressure relief member 211 , wherein the end cover 210 is provided with a groove portion that is recessed toward the interior of the battery cell 20 2102.
  • the pressure relief component 211 is disposed in the groove part 2102, and the distance h1 between the top surface of the pressure relief component 211 facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20 and the bottom of the groove part 2102 is less than or equal to the depth of the groove part 2102. H.
  • the end cap 210 covers the opening of the casing 22 , and the end cap 210 cooperates with the casing 22 .
  • the end cap 210 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength. In this way, the end cap assembly 21 has a high structural strength, so that the end cap assembly 21 is not easily deformed when being squeezed and collided, and the battery cell 20 Safety features could also be improved.
  • functional components such as electrode terminals 21 a may also be provided on the end cover 210 .
  • the electrode terminals 21 a may be used to electrically connect with the cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief piece 211 is installed in the groove 2102 of the end cover 210.
  • the pressure relief piece 211 can play a sealing role.
  • the casing 22, the end cover 210 and the pressure relief piece 211 together isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the outside.
  • the environment, that is, the internal space of the battery cell 20 is formed as a closed space.
  • the pressure relief component 211 can be used to guide the gas inside the battery 100 to the outside of the battery cell 20 to release the gas inside the battery cell 20, thereby helping to prevent the battery from being damaged.
  • the pressure relief member 211 may be a one-way valve, and the one-way valve can only allow the gas inside the battery cell 20 to flow out of the battery cell 20 .
  • the shape and size of the groove part 2102 are adapted to the shape and size of the pressure relief part 211, so that the pressure relief part 211 can be placed in the groove part 2102 and at the same time, the pressure relief part 211 and the groove part 2102
  • the gap between the groove walls is smaller.
  • the distance between the top surface of the pressure relief member 211 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 is h1
  • the depth of the groove portion 2102 is H.
  • the depth H of the groove portion 2102 can be understood as the distance in the Z direction between the top surface of the end cap 210 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 .
  • h1 may be smaller than H, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the top surface of the pressure relief member 211 is closer to the bottom of the groove portion 2102. In other words, along the Z direction, the top surface of the pressure relief member 211 is lower than the end cover. 210 top surface.
  • h1 can be equal to H.
  • the top surface of the pressure relief component 211 can be flush with the top surface of the end cover 210 , that is, the top surface of the pressure relief component 211 is coplanar with the top surface of the end cover 210 .
  • the top surface of the pressure relief component 211 does not protrude from the top surface of the end cap 210 .
  • the pressure relief part 211 of the battery cell 20 does not protrude from the top surface of the end cover 210, and the pressure relief part 211 will not occupy additional space of the battery cell. 20 in the height direction of the space.
  • the battery cell 20 using the end cover assembly 21 of this embodiment is If the internal space is larger, the number of pole pieces that can be accommodated inside the battery cell 20 increases, and the active material capacity of the battery cell 20 increases accordingly, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief component 211 protrudes from the end cover 210, and the pressure relief component 211 is easily damaged by impact.
  • the pressure relief part 211 can be hidden in the groove part 2102, and the groove part 2102 can protect the pressure relief part 211 to a certain extent. , to reduce the risk of the pressure relief component 211 being damaged by collision.
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of position A in Figure 3.
  • a first through hole 2104 is provided at the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and a first protruding portion 2103 is provided at the edge of the first through hole 2104.
  • the first protruding portion 2103 The pressure relief member 211 protrudes from the bottom of the groove portion 2102 in a direction away from the inside of the battery cell 20; the pressure relief member 211 includes a pressure relief member body 211a covering the first through hole 2104 and a second protrusion connected to the edge of the pressure relief member body 211a.
  • the raised portion 211b, the second raised portion 211b protrudes from the pressure relief member body 211a in the direction toward the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and the second raised portion 211b is located between the first raised portion 2103 and the groove portion 2102. between the inner circumferential sides.
  • a first through hole 2104 is provided at the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and the first through hole 2104 is used to communicate with the interior of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief part body 211a of the pressure relief part 211 is in the shape of a plate.
  • the pressure relief part body 211a covers the first through hole 2104.
  • the pressure relief part 211 can meet the pressure relief requirements of the battery cell 20 so as to be inside the battery cell 20.
  • the shape of the first through hole 2104 is not limited to the racetrack shape shown in FIG. 3 , and may also be in a gas shape such as a circle, a square, an ellipse, or the like.
  • the size of the first through hole 2104 can be reasonably designed according to the model size of the battery cell 20 .
  • a first protruding portion 2103 protrudes from the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the first protruding portion 2103 is annular.
  • the annular first protruding portion 2103 is located at the edge of the first through hole 2104 and is arranged around the first through hole 2104. , an installation gap is formed between the outer peripheral side surface of the annular first protruding portion 2103 and the inner peripheral side surface of the groove portion 2102 .
  • the pressure relief component body 211a blocks the first through hole 2104, so that the inside of the battery cell 20 is sealed.
  • the pressure relief part body 211a is provided with a score groove 2111.
  • the pressure relief part 211 is configured to split along the score groove 2111 when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches a preset threshold, and the pressure relief part body 211a no longer When the first through hole 2104 is blocked and opened, the gas inside the battery 100 can be discharged to the outside of the battery 100 through the first through hole 2104 and the groove portion 2102 .
  • the edge of the pressure relief component body 211a is provided with a second protruding portion 211b.
  • the second protruding portion 211b protrudes and extends toward the bottom of the groove portion 2102. It can be seen that the second protruding portion 211b is also annular and annular. The second protruding portion 211b extends into the installation gap. In this way, when the pressure relief component 211 is installed in the groove part 2102, the pressure relief component body 211a abuts the first protrusion part 2103, the second protrusion part 211b surrounds the outside of the first protrusion part 2103, and the second protrusion part 2103 is surrounded by the second protrusion part 2103.
  • the raised portion 211b is located between the first raised portion 2103 and the groove side wall of the groove portion 2102.
  • the second protruding portion 211b can have a clearance fit with the installation gap.
  • the second protruding portion 211b can also have an interference fit with the installation gap.
  • the second protruding portion 211b is in close contact with both the outer peripheral side of the first protruding portion 2103 and the inner peripheral side of the groove portion 2102.
  • the first protruding part 2103 and the groove part 2102 can be formed into one piece through an integral molding process. Therefore, the assembly process of the first protruding part 2103 and the groove part 2102 can be omitted without increasing the cost. Under the premise, the strength of the groove portion 2102 can be effectively improved.
  • the second protruding part 211b and the pressure relief part body 211a can also be formed into one piece through an integral molding process. Therefore, the assembly process of the second protruding part 211b and the pressure relief part body 211a can be omitted. On the premise of increasing costs, the strength of the pressure relief component 211 can be effectively improved.
  • the cooperative relationship between the first protruding part 2103 and the second protruding part 211b can, on the one hand, play a positioning role to facilitate the installation position of the pressure relief component 211 during the assembly process. On the other hand, it can limit the second protruding part 211b.
  • the position of the protruding portion 211b is to reduce the possibility of the pressure relief member 211 moving along the radial direction of the first through hole 2104 (shown in the X direction in FIGS. 5 and 6 ).
  • the size of the first protruding part 2103 protruding from the bottom of the groove part 2102 is the first dimension h2
  • the size between the second protruding part 211b and the bottom of the groove part 2102 is the second dimension h3.
  • One dimension h2 is larger than the second dimension h3.
  • the dimension h2 of the first protrusion 2103 protruding from the bottom of the groove is the size of the surface of the first protrusion 2103 facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20 and the bottom of the groove 2102 along the Z direction.
  • h2 By designing h2 to be greater than h3, the side of the first protruding portion 2103 facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20 is higher than the side of the second protruding portion 211b facing the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the second protruding part 211b can extend into the installation gap instead of being higher than the first protruding part 2103, so that the second protruding part 211b can be limited between the first protruding part 2103 and the concave part.
  • the gas inside the battery cell 20 needs to bypass the first protruding part 2103 before it can escape between the first protruding part 2103 and the second protruding part 211b. Therefore, the gas overflow path is longer, which is beneficial to reducing the gas leakage. Possibility of overflow from between the pressure relief component 211 and the end cover 210 .
  • the size of the second protruding part 211b protruding from the pressure relief component body 211a is h4.
  • the pressure relief component body 211a directly abuts the first projection part 2103, then the third The difference ⁇ h between the first dimension h2 and the second dimension h3 is the dimension h4 of the second protruding part 211b protruding from the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the height h4 of the second protruding part 211b is less than or equal to 0.8h2 or 2mm. .
  • the difference ⁇ h between the first dimension h2 and the second dimension h3 can be up to 0.8h2, that is, the height h4 of the second protrusion 211b can be up to 0.8h2.
  • the top surface of the first protruding part 2103 is at most 0.8 times higher than the surface of the second protruding part 211b facing the groove bottom of the groove part 2102 by the first dimension h2.
  • the height h4 of the second protruding part 211b can be 0.2 mm, and the second dimension h3 is correspondingly 0.8 mm; or , the height h4 of the second protruding part 211b can be 0.4mm, and the second dimension h3 can be 0.6mm accordingly; or, the height h4 of the second protruding part 211b can be 0.8mm, and the second dimension h3 can be 0.2 accordingly. mm.
  • h3 is at least 0.2*h2. It can be seen that if h3 is not 0 mm at this time, the second protruding portion 211b does not contact the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and there is a certain distance between them.
  • the difference ⁇ h between the first dimension h2 and the second dimension h3 can be up to 2mm. Since h4 is equal to ⁇ h in this embodiment, h4 can be up to 2 mm.
  • the height h4 of the second protruding portion 211b may be 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm or 2 mm, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • h3 may be 0 mm.
  • the second protruding portion 211b is in contact with the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and the distance between the first protruding portion 2103 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 is the same as the height of the second protruding portion 211b.
  • the first dimension h2 can reach a maximum of 2mm.
  • h3 may also be greater than 0 mm. In this case, there is a certain distance between the second protruding part 211b and the bottom of the groove part 2102.
  • the difference ⁇ h between the first dimension h2 and the second dimension h3 may specifically take a value of 0.05 mm, that is, the top surface of the first protruding part 2103 is more protruding than the second protruding part 2103 .
  • the side of the portion 211b facing the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 is 0.05 mm higher.
  • the top surface of the first protruding part 2103 is directed toward the groove part 2102 relative to the second protruding part 211 b.
  • the protruding height of one side of the groove bottom is moderate, and the size of the second protruding portion 211b extending into the installation gap is moderate, so that the second protruding portion 211b can be limited within the first protruding portion 2103 and the groove portion 2102 At the same time, the pressure relief member 211 will not be too far from the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another end cover assembly 21 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of D in Figure 8 .
  • Figure 10 is an exploded schematic view of the pressure relief component 211 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes a seal 212 , at least part of the seal 212 is in contact between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211 a to seal the pressure relief component body 211 a and a portion of the end cap 210 forming the groove portion 2102.
  • the term "at least part of the sealing member 212 abutting between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief member body 211a should be understood in a broad sense.”
  • the entire seal 212 is disposed between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the seal 212 at this time is in the form of The annular sealing member 212 , such as a sealing ring, surrounds the outside of the first protrusion 2103 and does not block the communication between the first through hole 2104 and the outside of the battery cell 20 .
  • the sealing member 212 is only partially disposed between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief member body 211a.
  • the sealing member 212 may be made of rubber, silicone, plastic, or the like. By designing at least part of the sealing member 212 to abut between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief piece body 211a, the sealing member 212 can seal the gap between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief piece body 211a, thereby It can reduce the gas inside the battery cell 20 from overflowing from the gap between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief member body 211a, thereby reducing the possibility of failure of the pressure relief member 211, thereby improving the efficiency of the end cover assembly 21.
  • the battery cell 20 is safe to use.
  • the second protruding portion 211 b is in contact with the outer peripheral side of the seal 212 . It can be known from the foregoing description that at least part of the seal 212 is against the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211a, and the second protruding portion 211b is connected to the edge of the pressure relief component body 211a. Therefore, the sealing component At least part of 212 is located between the first raised portion 2103 and the second raised portion 211b. Moreover, in this embodiment, the second protruding portion 211b is also in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the seal 212. That is to say, along the radial direction of the first through hole 2104 (ie, the X direction), the second protruding portion 211b and There is no gap between the outer peripheral sides of seal 212.
  • the sealing member 212 can be abutted by the second protruding portion 211b, so that at least part of the sealing member 212 is located between the first protruding portion 2103 and the second protruding portion 211b, and the second protruding portion 211b can seal the
  • the member 212 plays a certain limiting role to ensure that the sealing member 212 can be between the first protruding portion 2103 and the second protruding portion 211b.
  • At least part of the sealing member 212 is located between the first protruding part 2103 and the second protruding part 211b, and the at least part of the sealing part 212 and the first protruding part 2103 have a direction parallel to the groove bottom of the groove part 2102.
  • the sealing member 212 does not contact the outer peripheral side surface of the first protruding portion 2103 .
  • the sealing member 212 of this embodiment is only in contact with the inner peripheral side surface of the second protruding portion 211b and not with the first protruding portion 211b.
  • the outer peripheral sides of the raised portion 2103 are fitted.
  • the sealing member 212 and the first protruding portion 2103 By designing at least a portion of the sealing member 212 and the first protruding portion 2103 to have a first gap D1 in the X direction, a certain distance exists between at least a portion of the sealing member 212 and the outer peripheral side of the first protruding portion 2103 .
  • part of the seal 212 can be easily installed between the first protruding part 2103 and the second protruding part 211b without the use of installation tools; secondly, when the battery cell 20 is charged, the structure of the positive active material changes. , the electrolyte decomposes, generates heat, and the temperature of the sealing member 212 increases and expands.
  • the first gap D1 can provide a space for the sealing member 212 to deform, so as to prevent the expanded sealing member 212 from abutting the first protrusion 2103 and the second protrusion. Origin 211b.
  • the third dimension h5 is larger than the dimension h4 of the second protruding portion 211b protruding from the pressure relief component body 211a, and the third dimension h5 It is also larger than the size h2 of the first protruding portion 2103 protruding from the bottom of the groove.
  • h5 By designing h5 to be larger than h4, there is a distance between the second protruding part 211b and the bottom of the groove part 2102, and the second protruding part 211b does not contact the bottom of the groove part 2102. At this time, the second size h3 Greater than 0.
  • the pressure relief part body 211a By designing h5 to be larger than the first dimension h2, the pressure relief part body 211a is located above the first protruding part 2103 and does not directly contact the first protruding part 2103. That is, along the Z direction, the pressure relief part body 211a is in contact with the first protruding part 2103. There is a certain space between the protrusions 2103 .
  • the maximum dimension h5 of the seal 212 along the depth direction of the groove portion 2102 is larger than the first dimension h2 and the dimension h4 of the second protruding portion 211b protruding from the pressure relief member body 211a, so that the first protruding portion
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of yet another end cap assembly 21 provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 12 is a partial enlarged view of E in FIG. 11
  • the seal 212 may specifically include a first seal part 212 a and a second seal part 212 b.
  • the first seal part 212 a abuts between the groove bottom of the groove part 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211 a.
  • the second sealing part 212b is connected to the first sealing part 212a, and the second sealing part 212b is in contact between the first protruding part 2103 and the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the sealing component 212 may also have a part abutting between the pressure relief component body 211a and the first protruding part. between 2103.
  • the seal 212 is designed to include a first sealing portion 212a and a second sealing portion 212b, wherein the first sealing portion 212a is used to communicate with the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the leakage.
  • the pressure piece body 211a is sealed, and the second sealing portion 212b is used to seal with the first protruding portion 2103 and the pressure relief piece body 211a.
  • the first sealing portion 212a is located at the edge of the second sealing portion 212b, and the first sealing portion 212a protrudes toward the bottom of the groove portion 2102 relative to the second sealing portion 212b.
  • the maximum dimension h5 of the sealing member 212 along the depth direction of the groove portion 2102 is the dimension of the first sealing portion 212a along the Z direction. It can be understood that since h5>h2, there is a space between the first protruding part 2103 and the pressure relief component body 211a, and this space can be used for the installation of the second sealing part 212b.
  • the difference between h5 and h2 and the second sealing The thickness of the portion 212b along the Z direction is equal, so that the second sealing portion 212b can contact the first protruding portion 2103, that is, the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the seal 212 can not only seal the gap between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211a, but also seal the gap between the first protrusion 2103 and the pressure relief component body 211a to reduce the battery life.
  • the gas inside the cell 20 overflows from the gap between the first protrusion 2103 and the pressure relief component body 211a, further improving the sealing performance between the pressure relief component 211 and the end cover 210, thereby improving the use of the end cover assembly 21
  • the battery cell 20 is safe to use.
  • the second sealing part 212b has a second through hole 2121 connected with the first through hole 2104.
  • the hole wall of the second through hole 2121 surrounds the inner peripheral side of the second sealing part 212b.
  • the inner peripheral side of the second sealing part 212b is bordered by The first protruding portion 2103 protrudes toward the center line of the second through hole 2121 .
  • the second through hole 2121 is provided on the second sealing part 212b, and the second through hole 2121 is connected with the first through hole 2104. In this way, even if the second sealing part 212b is located between the first protruding part 2103 and the pressure relief component body 211a During this time, the second sealing part 212b will not block the first through hole 2104.
  • the insides of the battery cells are connected in sequence to form an exhaust flow channel, so that the gas inside the battery cell 20 can flow out from the exhaust flow channel to the outside of the battery cell 20 to ensure that the pressure relief component 211 can play a role in releasing pressure.
  • the shape of the second through hole 2121 is not limited to the racetrack shape shown in FIG. 10 , and may also be in a gas shape such as a circle, a square, an ellipse, or the like.
  • the second through hole 2121 protrudes from the first protruding portion 2103 along the square shape toward the center line of the second through hole 2121.
  • the second through hole 2121 is at the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the orthographic projection falls within the orthographic projection of the first through hole 2104 at the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 , that is, the opening area of the first through hole 2104 is larger than the opening area of the second through hole 2121 .
  • the diameter of the second through hole 2121 is smaller than the diameter of the first through hole 2104. It can be seen that the orthogonal projection of the second sealing portion 212b partially on the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 falls within the orthographic projection of the first through hole 2104 on the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 .
  • the opening area of the second through hole 2121 is smaller than the opening area of the first through hole 2104, that is, the opening area of the exhaust flow channel
  • the cross-section has changed. In this way, when the gas inside the battery cell 20 flows from the first through hole 2104 to the second through hole 2121, the air pressure further increases, and the speed of the gas flowing to the pressure relief component body 211a increases, further ensuring that the gas can break through the pressure relief component.
  • the main body 211a enables the pressure relief component 211 to exert a pressure relief function.
  • the end cover assembly 21 may further include a pressing member 213, which is disposed on the outside of the pressure relief member 211 away from the bottom of the groove portion 2102, and the pressing member 213 is connected to the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the end cap 210 is connected to press the pressure relief component 211 between the pressing component 213 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 .
  • the pressing member 213 is located above the pressure relief member 211 . Moreover, the pressing member 213 may be specifically configured to enable the first through hole 2104 to communicate with the outside of the battery cell 20 when the pressure relief member body 211a is cracked, so that when the air pressure inside the battery cell 20 reaches a preset threshold, The gas can be smoothly discharged through the first through hole 2104.
  • the pressing member 213 may be an annular pressing ring.
  • the pressing member 213 may also have other structures.
  • the pressing member 213 may include a plurality of pressing blocks arranged at intervals around the centerline of the first through hole 2104. The compression block is tightly connected to the end cover 210 and pressed onto the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the pressing member 213 can also be arranged to surround the outside of the notched groove 2111 of the pressure relief member body 211a, so that the pressing member 213 can effectively avoid the location of the notched groove 2111, so that the pressure inside the battery cell 20
  • the pressure reaches the preset threshold, the impact of the pressing member 213 on the pressure relief member body 211a that needs to be split along the scored groove 2111 can be effectively alleviated.
  • the pressing member 213 By designing the pressing member 213, the pressing member 213 is pressed onto the pressure relief member 211, so as to compress the pressure relief member 211 between the pressing member 213 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102, thus helping to improve the pressure relief.
  • Part 211 is installed on the end cap 210 for stability.
  • the distance d between the top surface of the pressing member 213 away from the pressure relief member 211 and the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 is less than or equal to the depth H of the groove portion 2102 .
  • the distance h1 between the top surface of the pressure relief member 211 facing away from the inside of the battery cell 20 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 is less than the depth H of the groove portion 2102 , and h1 is also less than d.
  • d may be equal to H, and at this time, the top surface of the pressing member 213 can be flush with the top surface of the end cap 210 .
  • d may be smaller than H.
  • the top surface of the pressing member 213 is closer to the bottom of the groove portion 2102 than the top surface of the end cover 210. In other words, along the Z direction, The top surface of the pressing member 213 is lower than the top surface of the end cover 210 .
  • the distance d between the top surface of the pressing member 213 away from the pressure relief member 211 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 to be less than or equal to the depth H of the groove portion 2102, the top surface of the pressing member 213 does not protrude. on the top surface of the end cap 210.
  • the battery cell 20 using the end cover assembly 21 of this embodiment is If the internal space is larger, the number of pole pieces that can be accommodated inside the battery cell 20 increases, and the active material capacity of the battery cell 20 increases accordingly, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressing member 213 and the end cover 210 may be made of the same material.
  • the pressing member 213 is correspondingly made of steel.
  • the pressing member 213 is correspondingly made of titanium alloy.
  • the end cap 210 and the pressing member 213 can also be made of metal such as iron.
  • the pressing member 213 and the end cover 210 By designing the material of the pressing member 213 to be the same as that of the end cover 210, the pressing member 213 and the end cover 210, which are made of the same metal, can be welded and connected through the solder 216, thereby effectively improving the connection between the pressing member 213 and the end cover.
  • the connection strength between the covers 210 is beneficial to improving the overall structural strength of the end cover assembly 21 .
  • laser welding can be used to connect the pressing member 213 and the end cover 210 .
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes an insulating member 214 , at least part of which is disposed between the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211 to insulate and isolate the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211 .
  • the pressing member 213 is insulated from the pressure relief member 211 , that is, by disposing the insulating member 214 between the pressure relief member 211 and the pressing member 213 , there is no electrical conduction between the pressure relief member 211 and the pressing member 213 .
  • at least part of the insulating member 214 provided between the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211 should be understood in a broad sense, that is, it can be understood that the insulating member 214 is entirely provided between the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211, so that Insulating and isolating the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211 can also be understood as the insulating member 214 being only partially disposed between the pressing member 213 and the pressure relief member 211 .
  • the material of the insulating member 214 may be rubber or plastic.
  • the insulating member 214 may specifically be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), or polycarbonate. (PC) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc.
  • the insulation isolation between the pressure relief member 211 and the compression member 213 is achieved. That is to say, the pressure relief member 214 can achieve leakage.
  • the electrical insulation between the pressure piece 211 and the pressure piece 213 reduces the current conduction between the pressure relief piece 211 and the pressure piece 213, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the pressure relief piece 211 and having such an end cover.
  • the battery cells 20 of the assembly 21 are used safely to prevent the battery cells 20 from short-circuiting.
  • the insulating member 214 may include a first insulating part 214 a and a second insulating part 214 b connected in sequence, and the first insulating part 214 a is disposed on the pressure relief member 211 Between part of the top surface and the pressing member 213, the second insulating part 214b covers the outer peripheral side of the pressure relief member 211.
  • first insulating part 214a offsets part of the top surface of the pressure relief component body 211a and the pressing member 213
  • the second insulating part 214b is provided at the edge of the first insulating part 214a
  • the second insulating part 214b is The outer circumferential side surfaces of the second protruding part 211b are in contact with each other to isolate the second protruding part 211b from contact with the inner circumferential side surface of the groove part 2102.
  • the insulating member 214 By designing the insulating member 214 to include a first insulating part 214a and a second insulating part 214b, the first insulating part 214a is used to realize the insulating isolation between the pressure relief part body 211a and the pressing part 213, and the second insulating part 214b is used to realize the insulating isolation.
  • the pressure relief piece 211 is insulated from the connection portion 2102b (refer to the following description) of the groove portion 2102.
  • the insulating member 214 can achieve electrical insulation between the pressure relief member 211 and the pressing member 213 and the connection portion 2102b of the groove portion 2102, thereby reducing the amount of electrical insulation between the pressure relief member 211, the pressing member 213 and the groove portion 2102.
  • the phenomenon of current conduction occurs to reduce the risk of short circuit, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the pressure relief component 211 and the use safety of the battery cell 20 having such an end cap assembly 21 .
  • the end cover assembly 21 also includes an insulating member 215 , which is disposed between the pressure relief member 211 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 , so that the pressure relief member 211 and the groove bottom Insulation isolation.
  • the isolation member 215 By disposing the isolation member 215 between the pressure relief member 211 and the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102, it is possible to achieve no electrical conduction between the pressure relief member 211 and the bearing portion 2102a (refer to the following description) of the groove portion 2102.
  • the insulating member 215 may be disposed on the bottom of the groove portion 2102 to separate the bottom of the groove portion 2102 from the pressure relief member 211 .
  • the material of the insulating member 215 can also be rubber or plastic.
  • the material of the insulating member 215 can be polyethylene terephthalate. (PET), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc.
  • the insulating member 215 can realize the insulating isolation between the pressure relief member 211 and the bearing portion 2102a of the groove portion 2102, so as to realize the electrical insulation between the pressure relief member 211 and the bearing portion 2102a of the groove portion 2102, and reduce the distance between the pressure relief member 211 and the groove portion 2102.
  • the phenomenon of current conduction occurs between 2102, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the pressure relief component 211 and the use safety of the battery cell 20 with such an end cap assembly 21.
  • the insulating member 215 is connected to the second insulating part 214b, and the insulating member 215 covers part of the bottom surface of the pressure relief member 211 facing the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the insulating member 215 can be connected to the second insulating portion 214b to be connected with the insulating member 214 to form an integral body.
  • the insulating member 215 when the end cover assembly 21 has the sealing member 212, the insulating member 215 correspondingly covers the bottom surface of the second protruding portion 211b facing the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102; 21 does not have the sealing member 212, the insulating member 215 is disposed to partially cover the bottom surface of the second protruding portion 211b, and the other part covers the surface of the pressure relief member body 211a facing the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the insulating member 215 By designing the insulating member 215 to be connected to the second insulating part 214b, the insulating member 215 and the insulating member 214 become an integral body to completely insulate and isolate the pressure relief member 211 from the groove portion 2102.
  • the insulating member 215 may further be formed into an integral piece with the insulating member 214 through an integral molding process.
  • the first insulating part 214a, the second insulating part 214b and the insulating member 215 are integrated, and the insulating member 215 at this time is equivalent to a part of the insulating member 214.
  • the material of the isolating component 215 is the same as the material of the insulating component 214 .
  • the isolating member 215 and the insulating member 214 are arranged as one piece, not only can the assembly process of the isolating member 215 and the insulating member 214 be omitted, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the end cover assembly 21, but it can also be effectively installed without increasing the cost. Improve the structural strength of the insulator 214.
  • FIG. 13 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another end cap assembly 21 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the end cap assembly 21 further includes a seal 212 , the seal 212 abuts between the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief component 211 , and the isolation component 215 and The seal 212 is tightly connected.
  • the insulating member 215 can also be connected to the sealing member 212, and the insulating member 215 and the sealing member 212 are connected to form a whole.
  • the insulating member 215 can be regarded as a part of the sealing member 212, that is, in an embodiment in which part of the sealing member 212 abuts the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 and the pressure relief member body 211a, the sealing member 212 may also have a portion. It is provided between the second protruding part 211b and the groove bottom of the groove part 2102.
  • the material of the isolating member 215 and the sealing member 212 can be the same, so that the isolating member 215 and the sealing member 212 can be formed into one piece through an integral molding process. In this way, there is no need to install the isolating member 215 separately. After the sealing member 212 is installed in the groove portion 2102, the isolating member 215 is also installed in place, which is beneficial to improving assembly efficiency.
  • the insulating member 215 and the sealing member 212 become an integral body, and the insulating member 215 is equivalent to a part of the sealing member 212, so that the sealing member 212 not only has a sealing function, but also has the function of insulating and isolating the pressure relief member 211 from the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102. function.
  • the sealing member 212 not only has a sealing function, but also has the function of insulating and isolating the pressure relief member 211 from the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102. function.
  • FIG. 12 when the end cover assembly 21 is assembled, a force needs to be applied to the insulating member 214 to deform it so that the pressure relief member 211 can be installed into the insulating member 214 .
  • the insulating member 215 is connected to the sealing member 212, the insulating member 214 is easily installed on the pressure relief member 211 for easy installation.
  • the isolating member 215 is in contact with the side of the pressure relief member 211 facing the bottom of the groove portion 2102 , and there is a second gap D2 between the isolating member 215 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 .
  • the insulating member 215 only contacts the side of the pressure relief member 211 facing the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 , but does not contact the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 . It can be seen that the thickness d of the insulating member 215 along the Z direction is smaller than the dimension h3 between the second protruding portion 211b and the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 (ie, the second dimension).
  • the second gap D2 provides an assembly gap for the isolating member 215 to be installed, so that the insulating member 214 can be easily installed to the pressure relief member 211 superior.
  • the end cap 210 includes an end cap body 2101.
  • the groove portion 2102 includes a bearing portion 2102a and a connecting portion 2102b.
  • the surface of the bearing portion 2102a facing the outside of the battery cell 20 forms the bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the connecting portion 2102b surrounds the bearing portion 2102a.
  • the bearing part 2102a is connected to the end cap body 2101 through the connecting part 2102b.
  • the groove portion 2102 and the end cap body 2101 can be designed as two independent components.
  • the end cap 210 is a separate component.
  • the end cap body 2101, the connecting part 2102b and the bearing part 2102a are one-piece parts processed by an integral molding process. That is to say, the entire end cap 210 can be regarded as one piece, and in this case, the groove portion 2102 can be formed on the end cap 210 using a stamping process.
  • This design eliminates the process of assembling the groove portion 2102 and the end cap body 2101, thereby improving assembly efficiency. At the same time, the structural strength of the end cover 210 can be improved without increasing the cost.
  • the material constituting the pressure relief component 211 may include aluminum, and the material constituting the end cover 210 may include steel.
  • the material of the pressure relief component 211 can be aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the material of the end cover 210 can be steel or steel alloy.
  • the structural strength of steel is higher than that of aluminum, the hardness of the pressure relief component 211 will be smaller than the hardness of the end cover 210 .
  • the steel end cover 210 By arranging the end cover 210 to be made of steel and the pressure relief part 211 to be made of aluminum, the steel end cover 210 has high temperature resistance, thereby reducing the risk of high temperature melting of the battery cell 20 due to explosion due to short circuit or overcharging. The risk is alleviated and the problem of the battery cell 20 melting at high temperature is alleviated.
  • the aluminum pressure relief piece 211 has a low hardness, which is easy to process to form the notch groove 2111, and because the hardness of the end cover 210 is greater than the hardness of the pressure relief piece 211, the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 increases. At this time, the internal gas of the battery cell 20 will preferentially impact the pressure relief component 211 with smaller hardness, so that the pressure relief component 211 can function as a pressure relief, thereby facilitating the controllable exhaust direction of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap assembly 21 may include an end cap 210 , a pressure relief component 211 , a sealing component 212 , an insulating component 214 , a pressing component 213 and an isolation component 215 .
  • the end cap 210 is provided with a groove portion 2102 that is recessed toward the inside of the battery cell 20 .
  • a first through hole 2104 is provided at the bottom of the groove portion 2102 , and a first protruding portion is provided at the edge of the first through hole 2104 2103;
  • the pressure relief piece 211 is installed in the groove portion 2102.
  • the pressure relief piece 211 includes a pressure relief piece body 211a and a second protruding portion 211b provided on the edge of the pressure relief piece body 211a.
  • the pressure relief piece body 211a covers the first Above a through hole 2104, the second protruding portion 211b protrudes toward the bottom of the groove portion 2102;
  • the sealing member 212 includes a first sealing portion 212a and a second sealing portion 212b, and the first sealing portion 212a is in contact with the first sealing portion 212a.
  • the second sealing part 212b is in contact between the groove bottom of the groove part 2102 and the pressure relief component body 211a.
  • the second protruding portion 211b is in contact with the outer peripheral side surface of the first sealing portion 212a, and a first gap is formed between the second sealing portion 212b and the outer peripheral side surface of the first protruding portion 2103.
  • the second sealing portion 212b is provided with a through hole communicating with the first through hole 2104.
  • the above-mentioned pressing member 213 is located in the groove part 2102, and the pressing member 213 is located above the pressure relief member 211.
  • the insulating member 214 includes a first insulating part 214a and a second insulating part 214b that are connected, and the first insulating part 214a is in contact with Between the pressure relief component 211 and the compression component 213, the second insulating part 214b covers the outer peripheral side of the pressure relief component 211.
  • the insulating component 215 is connected to the second insulating part 214b and covers the second protruding part 211b toward the groove. There is also a second gap D2 between the insulating member 215 and the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102 on part of the bottom surface.
  • the distance d between the top surface of the above-mentioned pressing member 213 away from the pressure relief member 211 and the bottom of the groove portion 2102 is equal to the depth H of the groove portion 2102.
  • the first protruding portion 2103 protrudes beyond the size of the groove bottom.
  • h2 is larger than the size h3 between the second protruding portion 211b and the groove bottom of the groove portion 2102.
  • the maximum dimension of the seal 212 along the depth direction of the groove portion 2102 is a third dimension h5 which is larger than the dimension h2 of the first protruding portion 2103 protruding from the bottom of the groove.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，该端盖组件包括端盖和泄压件，端盖上设置有朝向电池单体的内部凹陷的凹槽部，泄压件设置在凹槽部内，且泄压件背离电池单体内部的顶面与凹槽部的槽底之间的距离小于或等于凹槽部的深度。这样，泄压件不凸出于端盖的顶面，则泄压件不会额外占用电池单体在高度方向上的空间，在不改变电池单体的总高度的前提下，采用该端盖组件的电池单体的内部空间更大，则该电池单体内部可容纳的极片的数量增加，进而提升了电池单体的活性物质容量，从而可以提升电池单体的能量密度。

Description

端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2022年5月16日递交的名称为“端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置”的第202221159230.9号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有能量密度高、环境污染小、功率密度大、使用寿命长、适应范围广、自放电系数小等突出的优点，是现今世界上应用最为广泛的电池之一，也是新能源发展的重要组成部分。随着锂离子电池技术的不断发展，对锂离子电池的安全性能也提出了更高的要求，其中，锂离子电池上的泄压件对锂离子电池的安全性能有着重要影响。但是，在一些情形下，泄压件的安装不利于电池能量密度的提升。
发明内容
本申请实施例旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，以提升电池能量密度。
本申请第一方面的实施例提供一种端盖组件，包括端盖和泄压件，端盖上设置有朝向电池单体的内部凹陷的凹槽部，凹槽部的槽底设置有第一通孔，第一通孔的边缘设置有第一凸起部，第一凸起部沿背离电池单体内部的方向凸出于槽底；泄压件设置在凹槽部内，且泄压件背离电池单体内部的顶面与凹槽部的槽底之间的距离小于或等于凹槽部的深度，泄压件包括覆盖第一通孔的泄压件本体以及连接于泄压件本体边缘的第二凸起部，第二凸起部沿朝向槽底的方向凸出于泄压件本体，且第二凸起部位于第一凸起部与凹槽部的内周侧面之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，泄压件不凸出于端盖的顶面，泄压件则不会额外占用电池单体在高度方向上的空间，在不改变电池单体的总高度的前提下，采用该端盖组件的电池单体的内部空间更大，则该电池单体内部可容纳的极片的数量增加，进而提升了电池单体的活性物质容量，从而可以提升电池单体的能量密度。
而且，第一凸起部与第二凸起部的配合关系可以起到定位作用，以便于装配过程中能够找准泄压件的安装位置。
在一些实施例中，以第一凸起部凸出于槽底的尺寸为第一尺寸，第二凸起部与槽底之间的尺寸为第二尺寸，第一尺寸大于第二尺寸。这样，使得第二凸起部可以被限制在第一凸起部与凹槽部的内周侧面之间，以利于降低泄压件沿第一通孔的径向方向窜动的可能性。
在一些实施例中，第一尺寸与第二尺寸的差值大于0毫米(mm)且小于等于0.8倍的第二尺寸，或者，第一尺寸与第二尺寸的差值大于0mm且小于等于2mm。这样，第一凸起部的顶面较第二凸起部朝向凹槽部的槽底的一面超出的高度适中，则第二凸起部伸入至第一凸起部和凹槽部的内周侧面之间的尺寸适中。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括密封件，至少部分密封件抵接于槽底与泄压件本体之间，以密封泄压件本体与构成凹槽部的部分端盖。密封件能够密封凹槽部的槽底与泄压件本体之间的间隙，减少电池单体内部的气体从凹槽部的槽底与泄压件本体之间的间隙溢出的可能性。
在一些实施例中，第二凸起部抵接于密封件的外周侧面。这样，密封件的至少部分位于第一凸起部与第二凸起部之间，第二凸起部能够对密封件起到一定的限位作用，以确保密封件能够在第一凸起部与第二凸起部之间。
在一些实施例中，至少部分密封件位于第一凸起部与第二凸起部之间，且该至少部分密封件与第一凸起部在平行于槽底的方向上具有第一间隙。电池单体充电时，正极活性物质结构变化，电解液分解，产生热量，密封件的温度升高而膨胀，第一间隙能够为密封件提供变形的空间。
在一些实施例中，以密封件沿凹槽部的深度方向上的最大尺寸为第三尺寸，第三尺寸大于第二凸起部凸出于泄压件本体的尺寸，且第三尺寸还大于第一凸起部凸出于槽底的尺寸。由此，第一凸起部与泄压件本体在端盖的厚度方向上存在一定的空间，以便于供密封件的第二密封部安装。
在一些实施例中，密封件包括：第一密封部以及第二密封部，第一密封部抵接于槽底与泄压件本体之间，第二密封部连接于第一密封部，且第二密封部抵接于第一凸起部与泄压件本体之间。密封件还可以密封第一凸起部与泄压件本体之间的间隙，以减少电池单体内部的气体从第一凸起部与泄压件本体之间的间隙溢出的可能性。
在一些实施例中，第二密封部具有与第一通孔连通的第二通孔，第二通孔的孔壁围成第二密封部的内周侧面，第二密封部的内周侧面沿着朝向第二通孔中心线的方向凸出于第一凸起部。电池单体内部的气体从第一通孔流至第二通孔时，气压能够进一步升高，则气体流向泄压件本体的速度增大，进一步确保气体能够冲破泄压件本体，使得泄压件能够发挥泄压作用。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括压紧件，压紧件设置于泄压件背离槽底的外侧，且压紧件与端盖连接，以将泄压件压紧于压紧件与槽底之间。压紧件压盖在泄压件上，以将泄压件压紧在压紧件和凹槽部的槽底之间，从而有利于提高泄压件安装于端盖的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，压紧件背离泄压件的顶面与槽底之间的距离小于或者等于凹槽部的深度。在设置压紧件压紧泄压件的基础上，电池单体的压紧件不凸出于端盖的顶面，则压紧件不会额外占用电池单体在高度方向上的空间，以利于提升电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，压紧件与端盖由同种材质构成。由同种金属制成的压紧件与端盖可以焊接相连，进而能够有效提高压紧件与端盖之间的连接强度，以利于提高端盖组件的整体结构强度。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括绝缘件，至少部分绝缘件设置于压紧件与泄压件之间，以绝缘隔离压紧件与泄压件，减少泄压件与压紧件之间出现电流导通的现象，以免电池单体出现短路现象。
在一些实施例中，绝缘件包括依次连接的第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，第一绝缘部设置于泄压件的部分顶面与压紧件之间，第二绝缘部包覆泄压件的外周侧面。这样设计，能够实现泄压件与压紧件及凹槽部的连接部之间的电绝缘。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括隔绝件，隔绝件设置于泄压件与槽底之间，以使泄压件与槽底绝缘隔离，隔绝件可以实现泄压件与凹槽部的承载部的绝缘隔离，以实现泄压件与凹槽部的承载部的电绝缘。
在一些实施例中，隔绝件与第二绝缘部连接，隔绝件包覆泄压件朝向槽底的部分底面，使得隔绝件与绝缘件成为一个整体，以将泄压件与凹槽部完全绝缘隔离开来。
在一些实施例中，且隔绝件与绝缘件通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件。如此，不仅可以省去隔绝件与绝缘件的装配工序，以利于提高端盖组件的装配效率，且在不增加成本的前提下，可以有效提高绝缘件的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，端盖组件还包括密封件，密封件抵接于槽底与泄压件之间，隔绝件与密封件紧固连接，隔绝件与密封件成为一个整体，使得密封件不仅具有密封功能，还具有使泄压件与凹槽部的槽底绝缘隔离的功能。
在一些实施例中，隔绝件与泄压件朝向槽底的一面相抵接，隔绝件与槽底之间具有第二间隙，第二间隙为隔绝件安装提供装配间隙，以便于绝缘件能够容易地安装到泄压件上。
在一些实施例中，端盖包括端盖本体，凹槽部包括承载部以及连接部，承载部朝向电池单体的外侧的表面构成槽底，连接部围绕承载部的边缘设置，承载部与端盖本体通过连接部相连。
在一些实施例中，端盖本体、连接部和承载部为由一体成型工艺加工而成的一体件，这样，省去了装配凹槽部与端盖本体的工序，提高了组装效率。同时，在不提高成本的前提下，可以提高端盖的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，构成泄压件的材质包括铝，构成端盖的材质包括钢。钢制端盖具有耐高温的特性，以利于降低电池单体因短路或过充电现象出现爆炸而导致高温熔化的风险，缓解了电池单体高温熔化的问题。与此同时，铝制泄压件具有较低的硬度，便于加工形成刻痕槽，且由于端盖的硬度大于泄压件的硬度，使得在电池单体的内部压力增大时电池单体的内部气体会优先冲击硬度较小的泄压件，以使泄压件起到泄压的功能，从而有利于实现电池单体的排气方向可控。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供一种电池单体，其包括电芯组件、壳体和上述实施例中的端盖组件，壳体具有开口，电芯组件容纳于壳体中，端盖组件盖合于开口。
本申请第三方面的实施例提供一种电池，其包括本申请第二方面的实施例提供的电池单体。
本申请第四方面的实施例提供一种用电装置，其包括本申请第三方面的实施例提供的电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种端盖组件的俯视图；
图5为图4所示的端盖组件沿B-B向的截面图；
图6为图5中C处的局部放大图；
图7为图3中A处的局部放大图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种端盖组件的截面示意图；
图9为图8中D处的局部放大图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的泄压件的分解示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的再一种端盖组件的截面示意图；
图12为图11中E处的局部放大图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的又一种端盖组件的局部截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
目前，锂离子电池因具有能量密度高、功率密度大、自放电系数小等优点而受到广泛的应用。当锂离子电池发生短路或过充等现象时，锂离子电池内部产生大量气体，使得电池单体的内部压力急剧升高。
研究人员发现，相关技术中存在一些电池单体的端盖上设有泄压件，在电池内部的气压达到预设阈值时，泄压件能够释放气体，以使内部气压得到释放，降低电池单体发生起火爆炸的风险。并且，研究人员还注意到，在相关技术的电池单体中，泄压件背离电池单体内部的顶面凸出于端盖的顶面。由于泄压件凸出于端盖，因此，泄压件会占用电池系统总成的高度空间，进而降低了电芯可利用的容量空间，导致电池 内部可储存的极片的数量减少，活性物质的容量减少，从而不利于提升电池的能量密度。
为了解决上述问题中的至少一个，本申请实施例提供一种端盖组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，该端盖组件具有端盖和泄压件，端盖上设置有朝向电池单体的内部凹陷的凹槽部，泄压件设置在凹槽部内，且泄压件背离电池单体内部的顶面与凹槽部的槽底之间的距离小于或等于凹槽部的深度，使得泄压件背离电池单体内部的顶面不凸出于端盖的顶面，这样，泄压件不会额外占用电池系统总成的高度空间，进而电池内部可供极片储存的空间增加，极片数量增加，电池的活性物质容量随之提升，从而有利于提高电池的空间能量密度。
本申请实施例公开的端盖组件可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的端盖组件、电池等组成该用电装置的电源系统，这样，有利于提升电池的能量密度。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部 分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。按封装的方式，电池单体20可以为柱形电池单体、方形电池单体或者软包形电池单体。
请参照图3，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体20的分解结构示意图。电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。如图3，电池单体20包括有端盖组件21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
壳体22是用于配合端盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖组件21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常 在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳23a。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳23a连接电极端子以形成电流回路。
端盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种端盖组件21的俯视图，图5为图4所示的端盖组件21沿B-B向的截面图，图6为图5中C处的局部放大图。参考图3至图6所示，本实施例提供的端盖组件21具体可以包括端盖210和泄压件211，其中，端盖210上设置有朝向电池单体20的内部凹陷的凹槽部2102，泄压件211设置在凹槽部2102内，且泄压件211背离电池单体20内部的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离h1小于或等于凹槽部2102的深度H。
端盖210盖合在壳体22的开口处，端盖210与壳体22配合。其中，端盖210可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质制成，这样，端盖组件21具有较高的结构强度，使得端盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时不易发生形变，则电池单体20安全性能也可以有所提高。继续参考图3，端盖210上还可以设置有电极端子21a等的功能性部件，电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。
泄压件211安装在端盖210的凹槽部2102内，泄压件211能够起到密封作用，壳体22、端盖210以及泄压件211共同使电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境，即电池单体20的内部空间形成为密闭空间。电池100过充电时，引起正极活性物质发生不可逆变化以及电解液的分解，则电池100会产生大量气体。这样会使得电池单体20内部的气压不断上升，泄压件211能够用于将电池100内部的气体导出至电池单体20的外部，以释放电池单体20内部的气体，进而有利于避免电池单体20内部的气体过高而引起电池100爆炸。例如，在一些可行的实施例中，泄压件211可以为单向阀，单向阀只能允许电池单体20内部的气体流出至电池单体20外。
可以理解的是，凹槽部2102的形状、尺寸与泄压件211的形状、尺寸相适应，使得泄压件211能够安放在凹槽部2102内的同时，泄压件211与凹槽部2102的槽壁之间的缝隙较小。其中，沿端盖210的厚度方向(图中以Z方向示出)，泄压件211的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离为h1，凹槽部2102的深度为H，这里，凹槽部2102的深度H可以是理解为端盖210的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底在Z方向的距离。
在一种情形中，如图5和图6所示，h1可以小于H。本示例中，相较于端盖210的顶面，泄压件211的顶面更靠近凹槽部2102的槽底，换句话说，沿Z方向，泄压件211的顶面低于端盖210的顶面。
在另一种情形中，h1可以等于H。本示例中，泄压件211的顶面则能够与端盖210的顶面平齐，也即泄压件211的顶面与端盖210的顶面共面。
总而言之，通过设计泄压件211的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离小于或等于凹槽的深度，泄压件211的顶面不凸出于端盖210的顶面。
综上，电池单体20采用本实施例的端盖组件21时，电池单体20的泄压件211不凸出于端盖210的顶面，则泄压件211不会额外占用电池单体20在高度方向上的空间。这样，与相关技术中泄压件211凸出于端盖210顶面进行比较，在不改变电池单体20的总高度的前提下，采用本实施例的端盖组件21的电池单体20的内部空间更大，则该电池单体20内部可容纳的极片的数量增加，电池单体20的活性物质容量随之提升，进而可以提升电池单体20的能量密度。
值得说明的是，本领域的技术人员往往容易想到减小泄压件211的高度，这样，虽然在不改变电池单体20的总高度的前提下，也能够提高电池单体20的内部空间，但是，泄压件211凸出于端盖210，泄压件211容易遭受到冲击而损坏。而本实施例通过将泄压件211设置在凹槽部2102内，使得泄压件211可以隐蔽在凹槽部2102内，凹槽部2102在一定程度上对泄压件211可以起到防护作用，以降低泄压件211被冲撞而损坏的风险。
图7为图3中A处的局部放大图。参考图5、图6和图7所示，凹槽部2102的槽底还设置有第一通孔2104，第一通孔2104的边缘设置有第一凸起部2103，第一凸起部2103沿背离电池单体20内部的方向凸出于凹槽部2102的槽底；泄压件211包括覆盖第一通孔2104的泄压件本体211a以及连接于泄压件本体211a边缘的第二凸起部211b，第二凸起部211b沿朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的方向凸出于泄压件本体211a，且第二凸起部211b位于第一凸起部2103与凹槽部2102的内周侧面之间。
凹槽部2102的槽底通过设置第一通孔2104，第一通孔2104用于与电池单体20的内部连通。泄压件211的泄压件本体211a呈板状，泄压件本体211a覆盖在第一通孔2104上，泄压件211能够满足电池单体20的泄压需求，以在电池单体20内部的气压达到预设阈值时，打开第一通孔2104，第一通孔2104通过凹槽部2102与电池单体20外部连通，以释放气压。
其中，第一通孔2104的形状不限于图3所示的跑道形，也可以呈圆形、方形、椭圆形等气体形状。第一通孔2104的尺寸可以根据电池单体20的型号尺寸合理的设计。
凹槽部2102的槽底凸出设置有第一凸起部2103，第一凸起部2103呈环形，环形第一凸起部2103位于第一通孔2104的边缘并环绕第一通孔2104设置，环形的第一凸起部2103的外周侧面与凹槽部2102的内周侧面之间形成有安装间隙。
电池单体20处于正常使用状态时，泄压件本体211a封堵第一通孔2104，使得电池单体20内部被密闭。且泄压件本体211a上设置有刻痕槽2111，泄压件211被配置为在电池单体20的内部压力达到预设阈值时沿着刻痕槽2111裂开，泄压件本体211a不再封堵第一通孔2104，第一通孔2104打开，电池100内部的气体能够经第一通孔2104及凹槽部2102排出至电池100外部。并且，泄压件本体211a的边缘设有第二凸起部211b，第二凸起部211b往凹槽部2102的槽底凸出延伸，可见，第二凸起部211b也呈环形，且环形的第二凸起部211b伸入至安装间隙内。这样，泄压件211安装在凹槽部2102内时，泄压件本体211a与第一凸起部2103相抵接，第二凸起部211b环绕在第一凸起部2103的外侧，且第二凸起部211b位于第一凸起部2103与凹槽部2102的槽侧壁之间。
在本实施例中，第二凸起部211b与安装间隙可以间隙配合。或者，第二凸起部211b与安装间隙也可以过盈配合，此时，第二凸起部211b与第一凸起部2103的外周侧面以及凹槽部2102的内周侧面均紧密贴合。通过设计第二凸起部211b与安装间隙过盈配合，可以增强泄压件211与端盖210的连接可靠性。
其中，第一凸起部2103与凹槽部2102可以通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件，由此，可以省去第一凸起部2103与凹槽部2102的装配工序，且在不增加成本的前提下，可以有效提高凹槽部2102的强度。同理，第二凸起部211b与泄压件本体211a也可以通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件，由此，可以省去第二凸起部211b与泄压件本体211a的装配工序，在不增加成本的前提下，可以有效提高泄压件211的强度。
第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b的配合关系，一方面，可以起到定位作用，以便于装配过程中能够找准泄压件211的安装位置，另一方面，可以限制第二凸起部211b的位置，以利于降低泄压件211沿第一通孔2104的径向方向(图5和图6中以X方向示出)窜动的可能性。
以第一凸起部2103凸出于凹槽部2102的槽底的尺寸为第一尺寸h2，第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的尺寸为第二尺寸h3，第一尺寸h2大于第二尺寸h3。
具体地，第一凸起部2103凸出于槽底的尺寸h2即为第一凸起部2103背向电池单体20内部的一面与凹槽部2102的槽底沿Z方向的尺寸。通过设计h2大于h3，则第一凸起部2103背向电池单体20内部的一面高于第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面。
这样，有利于确保第二凸起部211b能够伸入至安装间隙内，而不是高于第一凸起部2103，进而使得第二凸起部211b可以被限制在第一凸起部2103与凹槽部2102的内周侧面之间，以利于降低泄压件211沿第一通孔2104的径向方向(即X方向)窜动的可能性。而且，电池单体20内部的气体需绕过第一凸起部2103才可经第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b之间溢出，则气体溢出的路径较长，以利于降低气体从泄压件211与端盖210之间溢出的可能性。
第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值大于0毫米(mm)且小于等于第一尺寸的0.8倍，或者，第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值大于0mm且小于等于2mm。结合上文所描述的h2大于h3可知，以第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值为Δh，Δh＝h2-h3，且0mm＜Δh≤0.8*h2，或者，0mm＜Δh≤2mm。
值得说明的是，以第二凸起部211b凸出于泄压件本体211a的尺寸为h4，图6所示的示例中泄压件本体211a直接与第一凸起部2103相抵接，则第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值Δh即为第二凸起部211b凸出于泄压件本体211a的尺寸h4，此时，第二凸起部211b的高度h4小于等于0.8h2或者2mm。
以0mm＜Δh≤0.8*h2为例，本示例中，第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值Δh最大可为0.8h2，即第二凸起部211b的高度h4最大可为0.8h2，此时，第一凸起部2103的顶面最多比第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面高出第一尺寸h2的0.8倍。比如，在第一凸起部2103凸出于凹槽部2102的槽底的尺寸为1mm时，第二凸起部211b的高度h4可以为0.2mm，第二尺寸h3相应地为0.8mm；或者，第二凸起部211b的高度h4可以为0.4mm，第二尺寸h3相应地为0.6mm；亦或，第二凸起部211b的高度h4可以为0.8mm，第二尺寸h3相应地为0.2mm。
还需指出，本实施例中，h3最小为0.2*h2。可见，此时的h3不为0mm，则第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底不接触，且二者存在一定的距离。
以0mm＜Δh≤2mm为例，本示例中，第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值Δh最大可为2mm。因为本实施例中h4等于Δh，故h4最大可为2mm。例如，第二凸起部211b的高度h4可以为0.5mm、1mm、1.5mm或者2mm，本实施例对此不予限制。
还需指出，本实施例中，h3可以为0mm。此时，第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底相接触，第一凸起部2103凸出于凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离与第二凸起部211b的高度相同。本示例中，第一尺寸h2最大可以达到2mm。或者，在其他的实施例中，如图6所示，h3也可以大于0mm，此时，第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间存在一定距离。
示例性地，在一种可能的实现方式中，第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值Δh具体可以取值为0.05mm，也即第一凸起部2103的顶面比第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面高出0.05mm。
通过将第一尺寸h2与第二尺寸h3的差值Δh设计在0mm～0.8h2或者0mm～2mm之间，使得第一凸起部2103的顶面较第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面超出的高度适中，则第二凸起部211b伸入至安装间隙的尺寸适中，使得第二凸起部211b能够被限制在第一凸起部2103和凹槽部2102的内周侧面的同时，且泄压件211不会距凹槽部2102的槽底过远。
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种端盖组件21的截面示意图，图9为图8中D处的局部放大图，图10为本申请实施例提供的泄压件211的分解示意图。参考图8至图10所示，端盖组件21还包括密封件212，至少部分密封件212抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间，以密封泄压件本体211a与构成凹槽部2102的部分端盖210。
其中，至少部分密封件212抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间应当作广义理解。这里，在一种实施方案中，可以理解为整个密封件212设置于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间，如图8和图9所示，此时的密封件212呈环形，例如密封圈，环形的密封件212环绕在第一凸起部2103的外侧、并不会阻挡第一通孔2104与电池单体20的外部的连通。当然，在其他实施方案中，也可以理解为密封件212仅有部分设于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间，具体可以参考下述图11、图12和图13所示。
示例性地，密封件212的材质可以为橡胶、硅胶或者塑胶等。通过设计至少部分密封件212抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间，密封件212能够密封凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间的间隙，从而能够减少电池单体20内部的气体从凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间的间隙溢出，以降低泄压件211失效的可能性，以利于提高采用该端盖组件21的电池单体20的使用安全性。
继续参考图8和图9所示，第二凸起部211b抵接于密封件212的外周侧面。由前文描述的内容可知，密封件212的至少部分与凹槽部2102的槽底及泄压件本体211a相抵，而第二凸起部211b与泄压件本体211a的边缘连接，因此，密封件212的至少部分位于第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b之间。并且，本实施例中，第二凸起部211b还与密封件212的外周侧面相接触，也就是说，沿第一通孔2104的径向(即X方向)，第二凸起部211b与密封件212的外周侧面之间无间隙。
如此设置，密封件212能够供第二凸起部211b抵靠，使得密封件212的至少部分位于第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b之间，第二凸起部211b能够对密封件212起到一定的限位作用，以确保密封件212能够在第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b之间。
至少部分密封件212位于第一凸起部2103与第二凸起部211b之间，且该至少部分密封件212与第一凸起部2103在平行于凹槽部2102的槽底的方向上具有第一间隙D1。
换句话说，密封件212与第一凸起部2103的外周侧面不相抵接。在第二凸起部211b抵接于密封件212的外周侧面的实施方案中，本实施例的密封件212即只与第二凸起部211b的内周侧面贴合、而不与第一凸起部2103的外周侧面贴合。
通过设计至少部分密封件212与第一凸起部2103在X方向上具有第一间隙D1，使得密封件212的至少部分与第一凸起部2103的外周侧面之间存在一定的距离。这样，一是无需借助安装工具便能够容易的将密封件212的部分安装到第一凸起部2103和第二凸起部211b之间，二是电池单体20充电时，正极活性物质结构变化，电解液分解，产生热量，密封件212的温度升高而膨胀，第一间隙D1能够为密封件212提供变形的空间，以免膨胀的密封件212抵顶第一凸起部2103和第二凸起部211b。
以密封件212沿凹槽部2102的深度方向上的最大尺寸为第三尺寸h5，第三尺寸h5大于第二凸起部211b凸出于泄压件本体211a的尺寸h4，且第三尺寸h5还大于第一凸起部2103凸出于槽底的尺寸h2。
通过设计h5大于h4，则第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间存在距离，第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底不接触，此时，第二尺寸h3大于0。而通过设计h5大于第一尺寸h2，使得泄压件本体211a位于第一凸起部2103的上方且与第一凸起部2103不直接接触，也即沿Z方向，泄压件本体211a与第一凸起部2103之间存在一定的空间。
在图8和图9中，整个密封件212抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间时，密封件212的最大尺寸h5即为整个密封件212沿Z方向的尺寸，此时，泄压件 本体211a、密封件212与凹槽部2102的槽底共同围成密闭的空间，第一凸起部2103位于该密闭的空间内。
通过将密封件212沿凹槽部2102的深度方向上的最大尺寸h5设计为大于第一尺寸h2以及第二凸起部211b凸出于泄压件本体211a的尺寸h4，使得第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a在Z方向上存在一定的空间，以便于供下述的第二密封部212b安装，以及使得第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底在Z方向上也存在一定的空间，以便于供下述的隔绝件215安装。
图11为本申请实施例提供的再一种端盖组件21的截面示意图，图12为图11中E处的局部放大图。参考图11和图12所示，密封件212具体可以包括第一密封部212a以及第二密封部212b，第一密封部212a抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间，第二密封部212b连接于第一密封部212a，且第二密封部212b抵接于第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间。
在密封件212的部分抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间的实施方案中，密封件212还可以存在部分抵接于泄压件本体211a与第一凸起部2103之间。具体地，如图11和图12所示，密封件212通过设计成包括第一密封部212a和第二密封部212b，其中，第一密封部212a用于与凹槽部2102的槽底以及泄压件本体211a密封，第二密封部212b用于与第一凸起部2103以及泄压件本体211a密封。
第一密封部212a位于第二密封部212b的边缘，且第一密封部212a相对于第二密封部212b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底凸出。本示例中，密封件212沿凹槽部2102的深度方向上的最大尺寸h5即为第一密封部212a沿Z方向的尺寸。可以理解，由于h5＞h2，因此，第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间具有空间，该空间能够供第二密封部212b安装，h5与h2之间的差值与第二密封部212b沿Z方向的厚度相等，使得第二密封部212b能够与第一凸起部2103即泄压件本体211a相触。
这样设计，密封件212除了能够密封凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之间的间隙，还可以密封第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间的间隙，以减少电池单体20内部的气体从第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间的间隙溢出，进一步提高泄压件211与端盖210之间的密封性，以利于提高采用该端盖组件21的电池单体20的使用安全性。
第二密封部212b具有与第一通孔2104连通的第二通孔2121，第二通孔2121的孔壁围成第二密封部212b的内周侧面，第二密封部212b的内周侧面沿着朝向第二通孔2121中心线的方向凸出于第一凸起部2103。
第二密封部212b上通过设置第二通孔2121，且第二通孔2121与第一通孔2104相连通，这样，即使第二密封部212b位于第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间，第二密封部212b不会封堵第一通孔2104。在电池单体20内部的气压达到预设阈值，泄压件本体211a沿着刻痕槽2111裂开时，电池单体20内部、第一通孔2104、第二通孔2121与凹槽部2102的内部依次连通形成排气流道，使得电池单体20内部的气体能够从排气流道流出至电池单体20外部，以确保泄压件211能够起到泄压的作用。第二通孔2121的形状也不限于图10示出的跑道形，也可以呈圆形、方形、椭圆形等气体形状。
且第二通孔2121孔壁的内周侧面沿着朝向第二通孔2121中心线的方形凸出于第一凸起部2103，这样，第二通孔2121在凹槽部2102的槽底的正投影落入在第一通孔2104在凹槽部2102的槽底的正投影内，也就是说，第一通孔2104的开孔面积大于第二通孔2121的开孔面积。具体地，以第一通孔2104和第二通孔2121均为圆形孔为例进行说明，则第二通孔2121的孔径小于第一通孔2104的孔径。可见，第二密封部212b具有部分在凹槽部2102的槽底的正投影落入在第一通孔2104在凹槽部2102的槽底的正投影内。
通过将第二密封部212b设计成内周侧面凸出于第一凸起部2103，使得第二通孔2121的开孔面积小于第一通孔2104的开孔面积，也即排气流道的截面发生了变化。这样，电池单体20内部的气体从第一通孔2104流至第二通孔2121时，气压进一步升高，则气体流向泄压件本体211a的速度增大，进一步确保气体能够冲破泄压件本体211a，使得泄压件211能够发挥泄压作用。
继续参考图10、图11和图12，端盖组件21还可以包括压紧件213，压紧件213设置于泄压件211背离凹槽部2102的槽底的外侧，且压紧件213与端盖210连接，以将泄压件211压紧于压紧件213与凹槽部2102的槽底之间。
可见，压紧件213位于泄压件211的上方。并且，压紧件213具体可以配置成在泄压件本体211a裂开时使第一通孔2104能够与电池单体20的外部连通，以在电池单体20内部的气压达到预设阈值时，气体能够顺畅的经第一通孔2104泄放。
示例性地，如图10所示，压紧件213可以为环状的压环。在一些实施例中，压紧件213还可以为其他结构，例如，压紧件213可以包括多个压紧块，多个压紧块环绕第 一通孔2104的中心线间隔的设置，多个压紧块与端盖210紧固相连并压盖在泄压件本体211a上。其中，压紧件213还可以布置成环绕在泄压件本体211a的刻痕槽2111的外侧，则压紧件213能够有效避开刻痕槽2111所在的位置，从而在电池单体20的内部压力达到预设阈值时能够有效缓解压紧件213对泄压件本体211a需要沿刻痕槽2111裂开造成的影响。
通过设计压紧件213，压紧件213压盖在泄压件211上，以将泄压件211压紧在压紧件213和凹槽部2102的槽底之间，从而有利于提高泄压件211安装于端盖210的稳定性。
在图11和图12所示的示例中，压紧件213背离泄压件211的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离d小于或者等于凹槽部2102的深度H。
值得说明的是，在本实施例中，泄压件211背离电池单体20内部的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离h1小于凹槽部2102的深度H，且h1还小于d。在一种情形中，如图11和图12所示，d可以等于H，此时，压紧件213的顶面能够与端盖210的顶面平齐。在另一种情形中，d可以小于H，此时，相较于端盖210的顶面，压紧件213的顶面更靠近凹槽部2102的槽底，换句话说，沿Z方向，压紧件213的顶面低于端盖210的顶面。
总而言之，通过设计压紧件213背离泄压件211的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离d小于或者等于凹槽部2102的深度H，压紧件213的顶面不凸出于端盖210的顶面。
这样，电池单体20采用本实施例的端盖组件21时，在设置压紧件213压紧泄压件211的基础上，电池单体20的压紧件213不凸出于端盖210的顶面，则压紧件213不会额外占用电池单体20在高度方向上的空间。这样，与相关技术中泄压件211凸出于端盖210顶面进行比较，在不改变电池单体20的总高度的前提下，采用本实施例的端盖组件21的电池单体20的内部空间更大，则该电池单体20的内部可容纳的极片的数量增加，电池单体20的活性物质容量随之提升，进而可以提升电池单体20的能量密度。
在一种可实现的方式中，压紧件213与端盖210可以由同种材质构成。例如，端盖210由钢制成时，压紧件213相应地由钢制成。再例如，端盖210由钛合金制成时，压紧件213相应地由钛合金制成。当然，在其他实施例中，端盖210和压紧件213也可以均由铁等金属材质制成。
通过将压紧件213的材质设计成与端盖210的材质相同，由同种金属制成的压紧件213与端盖210可以通过焊料216焊接相连，进而能够有效提高压紧件213与端盖210之间的连接强度，以利于提高端盖组件21的整体结构强度。具体地，可以采用激光焊接的方式将压紧件213与端盖210连接起来。
继续参考图10至图12，端盖组件21还包括绝缘件214，至少部分绝缘件214设置于压紧件213与泄压件211之间，以绝缘隔离压紧件213与泄压件211。
其中，压紧件213与泄压件211绝缘隔离，即通过在泄压件211和压紧件213之间设置绝缘件214能够实现泄压件211和压紧件213之间没有形成电导通。这里，至少部分绝缘件214设置于压紧件213与泄压件211之间应当作广义理解，也即，可以理解为绝缘件214全部设于压紧件213与泄压件211之间，以绝缘隔离压紧件213与泄压件211，也可以理解为绝缘件214仅有部分设于压紧件213与泄压件211之间。
示例性地，绝缘件214的材质可以为橡胶、也可以为塑料，绝缘件214为塑料时，具体可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)或聚氯乙烯(PVC)等。
通过将绝缘件214的至少部分设置于泄压件211和压紧件213之间，以实现泄压件211与压紧件213之间的绝缘隔离，也就是说，通过绝缘件214能够实现泄压件211与压紧件213之间的电绝缘，减少泄压件211与压紧件213之间出现电流导通的现象，从而有利于提高泄压件211的使用寿命和具有这种端盖组件21的电池单体20的使用安全性，以免电池单体20出现短路现象。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图11和图12所示，绝缘件214可以包括依次连接的第一绝缘部214a和第二绝缘部214b，第一绝缘部214a设置于泄压件211的部分顶面与压紧件213之间，第二绝缘部214b包覆泄压件211的外周侧面。
可以理解，第一绝缘部214a即与泄压件本体211a的部分顶面以及压紧件213的部分相抵，第二绝缘部214b设于第一绝缘部214a的边缘处，第二绝缘部214b与第二凸起部211b的外周侧面相接触，以隔绝第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的内周侧面的接触。
通过将绝缘件214设计为包括第一绝缘部214a和第二绝缘部214b，利用第一绝缘部214a实现泄压件本体211a与压紧件213之间的绝缘隔离，利用第二绝缘部214b实现泄压件211与凹槽部2102的连接部2102b(参考下文描述)绝缘隔离。综上，通过绝缘件214能够实现泄压件211与压紧件213及凹槽部2102的连接部2102b之间的电绝缘， 减少泄压件211与压紧件213及凹槽部2102之间出现电流导通的现象，以减小短路的风险，从而有利于提高泄压件211的使用寿命和具有这种端盖组件21的电池单体20的使用安全性。
具体可以参考图11和图12所示，端盖组件21还包括隔绝件215，隔绝件215设置于泄压件211与凹槽部2102的槽底之间，以使泄压件211与槽底绝缘隔离。
通过在泄压件211与凹槽部2102的槽底之间设置隔绝件215能够实现泄压件211与凹槽部2102的承载部2102a(参考下文描述)之间没有形成电导通。举例来说，隔绝件215具体可以设置在凹槽部2102的槽底上，以使凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件211隔开。
和绝缘件214类似的，隔绝件215的材质也可以为橡胶、也可以为塑料，在隔绝件215为塑料的实施方案中，隔绝件215的材质具体可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚碳酸酯(PC)或聚氯乙烯(PVC)等。
隔绝件215可以实现泄压件211与凹槽部2102的承载部2102a的绝缘隔离，以实现泄压件211与凹槽部2102的承载部2102a的电绝缘，减少泄压件211与凹槽部2102之间出现电流导通的现象，从而有利于提高泄压件211的使用寿命和具有这种端盖组件21的电池单体20的使用安全性。
隔绝件215与第二绝缘部214b连接，隔绝件215包覆泄压件211朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的部分底面。
隔绝件215除了如上文中的设置在凹槽部2102的槽底上，在图12所示的示例中，隔绝件215可以与第二绝缘部214b连接，以与绝缘件214连接形成为一个整体。具体来说，如图12所示，当端盖组件21具有密封件212时，隔绝件215相应的包覆在第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的底面；当端盖组件21不具有密封件212时，隔绝件215则配置成部分包覆在第二凸起部211b的底面、另一部分包覆在泄压件本体211a朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面。
通过设计隔绝件215与第二绝缘部214b连接，隔绝件215与绝缘件214成为一个整体，以将泄压件211与凹槽部2102完全绝缘隔离开来。
在隔绝件215与第二绝缘部214b连接的实施方案的基础上，隔绝件215进一步地还可以与绝缘件214通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件。
也即是说，第一绝缘部214a、第二绝缘部214b与隔绝件215为一体件，此时的隔绝件215相当于绝缘件214的一部分。本示例中，隔绝件215的材质与绝缘件214的材质相同。
通过设置隔绝件215与绝缘件214为一体件，不仅可以省去隔绝件215与绝缘件214的装配工序，以利于提高端盖组件21的装配效率，且在不增加成本的前提下，可以有效提高绝缘件214的结构强度。
图13为本申请实施例提供的又一种端盖组件21的局部截面示意图。作为一种可替换的实施例，参考图13所示，端盖组件21还包括密封件212，密封件212抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件211之间，隔绝件215与密封件212紧固连接。
也就是说，当端盖组件21设有密封件212时，隔绝件215还可以与密封件212相连，隔绝件215与密封件212连接形成为一个整体。此时，隔绝件215可以看作为密封件212的一部分，即在密封件212的部分抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a的实施方案中，密封件212还可以存在部分设于第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间。
本示例中，隔绝件215的材质与密封件212的材质可以相同，使得隔绝件215与密封件212可以通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件。如此，无需单独安装隔绝件215，将密封件212安装至凹槽部2102后，隔绝件215便也安装到位，有利于提高组装效率。
如此，隔绝件215与密封件212成为一个整体，隔绝件215相当于是密封件212的一部分，使得密封件212不仅具有密封功能，还具有使泄压件211与凹槽部2102的槽底绝缘隔离的功能。还需指出的是，图12所示的示例中，端盖组件21组装时，需要对绝缘件214施加作用力使其变形才可使泄压件211安装至绝缘件214内，而本实施例中，由于隔绝件215与密封件212相连，因此绝缘件214容易安装至泄压件211上，以便于安装。
请参阅图12和图13，隔绝件215与泄压件211朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面相抵接，隔绝件215与凹槽部2102的槽底之间具有第二间隙D2。
也就是说，隔绝件215只与泄压件211朝向凹槽部2102的槽底的一面接触，而不与凹槽部2102的槽底接触。可见隔绝件215沿Z方向的厚度d小于第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的尺寸(即第二尺寸)h3。
这样设置，在隔绝件215与绝缘件214的第二绝缘部214b相连的实施方案中，第二间隙D2为隔绝件215安装提供装配间隙，以便于绝缘件214能够容易地安装到泄压件211上。
端盖210包括端盖本体2101，凹槽部2102包括承载部2102a以及连接部2102b，承载部2102a朝向电池单体20的外侧的表面构成凹槽部2102的槽底，连接部2102b围绕承载部2102a的边缘设置，承载部2102a与端盖本体2101通过连接部2102b相连。
这样，在一些实施例中，凹槽部2102与端盖本体2101可以设计为独立的两个部件，此时的端盖210即为分体设置的分体件。
其中，端盖本体2101、连接部2102b和承载部2102a为由一体成型工艺加工而成的一体件。也就是说，整个端盖210可以视为一体件，此时凹槽部2102可以是端盖210采用冲压工艺形成的。这样设计，省去了装配凹槽部2102与端盖本体2101的工序，提高了组装效率。同时，在不提高成本的前提下，可以提高端盖210的结构强度。
在上述实施例中，构成泄压件211的材质可以包括铝，构成端盖210的材质可以包括钢。例如，泄压件211的材质可以为铝或者铝合金，端盖210的材质可以为钢或者钢合金。相比之下，钢的结构强度高于铝的结构强度，则泄压件211的硬度会小于端盖210的硬度。
通过设置端盖210由钢制成、泄压件211由铝制成，钢制端盖210具有耐高温的特性，以利于降低电池单体20因短路或过充电现象出现爆炸而导致高温熔化的风险，缓解了电池单体20高温熔化的问题。与此同时，铝制泄压件211具有较低的硬度，便于加工形成刻痕槽2111，且由于端盖210的硬度大于泄压件211的硬度，使得在电池单体20的内部压力增大时电池单体20的内部气体会优先冲击硬度较小的泄压件211，以使泄压件211起到泄压的功能，从而有利于实现电池单体20的排气方向可控。
在一个具体实施例中，如图12所示，端盖组件21可以包括端盖210、泄压件211、密封件212、绝缘件214、压紧件213和隔绝件215。其中，端盖210上设有朝向电池单体20内部凹陷的凹槽部2102，凹槽部2102的槽底设有第一通孔2104，第一通孔2104的边缘设置有第一凸起部2103；泄压件211安装在凹槽部2102内，泄压件211包括泄压件本体211a和设置在泄压件本体211a的边缘的第二凸起部211b，泄压件本体211a覆盖在第一通孔2104的上方，第二凸起部211b朝向凹槽部2102的槽底凸出；密封件212包括第一密封部212a和第二密封部212b，第一密封部212a抵接于第一凸起部2103与泄压件本体211a之间，第二密封部212b抵接于凹槽部2102的槽底与泄压件本体211a之 间。并且，第二凸起部211b与第一密封部212a的外周侧面相抵接，第二密封部212b与第一凸起部2103的外周侧面之间存在第一间隙。其中，第二密封部212b上设有与第一通孔2104连通的通孔。
上述压紧件213位于凹槽部2102内，且压紧件213位于泄压件211的上方，绝缘件214包括相连的第一绝缘部214a和第二绝缘部214b，第一绝缘部214a抵接于泄压件211与压紧件213之间，第二绝缘部214b包覆在泄压件211的外周侧面，隔绝件215与第二绝缘部214b连接并包覆第二凸起部211b朝向槽底的部分底面，隔绝件215与凹槽部2102的槽底之间还存在第二间隙D2。
上述压紧件213背离泄压件211的顶面与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的距离d等于凹槽部2102的深度H，同时，第一凸起部2103凸出于槽底的尺寸h2大于第二凸起部211b与凹槽部2102的槽底之间的尺寸h3。并且，密封件212沿凹槽部2102的深度方向上的最大尺寸为第三尺寸h5还大于第一凸起部2103凸出于槽底的尺寸h2。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种端盖组件，用于电池单体，包括：
    端盖，所述端盖上设置有朝向所述电池单体的内部凹陷的凹槽部，所述凹槽部的槽底设置有第一通孔，所述第一通孔的边缘设置有第一凸起部，所述第一凸起部沿背离所述电池单体内部的方向凸出于所述槽底；以及
    泄压件，所述泄压件设置在所述凹槽部内，且所述泄压件背离所述电池单体内部的顶面与所述凹槽部的槽底之间的距离小于或等于所述凹槽部的深度；所述泄压件包括覆盖所述第一通孔的泄压件本体以及连接于所述泄压件本体边缘的第二凸起部，所述第二凸起部沿朝向所述槽底的方向凸出于所述泄压件本体，且所述第二凸起部位于所述第一凸起部与所述凹槽部的内周侧面之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的端盖组件，其中，
    以所述第一凸起部凸出于所述槽底的尺寸为第一尺寸，所述第二凸起部与所述槽底之间的尺寸为第二尺寸，所述第一尺寸大于所述第二尺寸。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述第一尺寸与所述第二尺寸的差值大于0mm且小于等于所述第一尺寸的0.8倍，或者，所述第一尺寸与所述第二尺寸的差值大于0mm且小于等于2mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括：
    密封件，至少部分所述密封件抵接于所述槽底与所述泄压件本体之间，以密封所述泄压件本体与构成所述凹槽部的部分端盖。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二凸起部抵接于所述密封件的外周侧面。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的端盖组件，其中，至少部分所述密封件位于所述第一凸起部与所述第二凸起部之间，且该至少部分所述密封件与所述第一凸起部在平行于所述槽底的方向上具有第一间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，
    以所述密封件沿所述凹槽部的深度方向上的最大尺寸为第三尺寸，所述第三尺寸大于所述第二凸起部凸出于所述泄压件本体的尺寸，且所述第三尺寸还大于所述第一凸起部凸出于所述槽底的尺寸。
  8. 根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述密封件包括：
    第一密封部，抵接于所述槽底与所述泄压件本体之间，以及
    第二密封部，连接于所述第一密封部，且所述第二密封部抵接于所述第一凸起部与所述泄压件本体之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的端盖组件，其中，所述第二密封部具有与所述第一通孔连通的第二通孔，所述第二通孔的孔壁围成所述第二密封部的内周侧面，所述第二密封部的内周侧面沿着朝向所述第二通孔中心线的方向凸出于所述第一凸起部。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括：压紧件；
    所述压紧件设置于所述泄压件背离所述槽底的外侧，且所述压紧件与所述端盖连接，以将所述泄压件压紧于所述压紧件与所述槽底之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述压紧件背离所述泄压件的顶面与所述槽底之间的距离小于或者等于所述凹槽部的深度。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的端盖组件，其中，所述压紧件与所述端盖由同种材质构成。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括：绝缘件；
    至少部分所述绝缘件设置于所述压紧件与所述泄压件之间，以绝缘隔离所述压紧件与所述泄压件。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述绝缘件包括依次连接的第一绝缘部和第二绝缘部，所述第一绝缘部设置于所述泄压件的部分顶面与所述压紧件之间，所述第二绝缘部包覆所述泄压件的外周侧面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括：隔绝件，所述隔绝件设置于所述泄压件与所述槽底之间，以使所述泄压件与所述槽底绝缘隔离。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的端盖组件，其中，所述隔绝件与所述第二绝缘部连接，所述隔绝件包覆所述泄压件朝向所述槽底的部分底面。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的端盖组件，其中，且所述隔绝件与所述绝缘件通过一体成型工艺形成为一体件。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的端盖组件，其中，所述端盖组件还包括密封件，所述密封件抵接于所述槽底与所述泄压件之间，所述隔绝件与所述密封件紧固连接。
  19. 根据权利要求15至18中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述隔绝件与所述泄压件朝向所述槽底的一面相抵接，所述隔绝件与所述槽底之间具有第二间隙。
  20. 根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述端盖包括端盖本体，
    所述凹槽部包括承载部以及连接部，所述承载部朝向所述电池单体的外侧的表面构成所述槽底，所述连接部围绕所述承载部的边缘设置，所述承载部与所述端盖本体通过所述连接部相连。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的端盖组件，其中，
    所述端盖本体、所述连接部和所述承载部为由一体成型工艺加工而成的一体件。
  22. 根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的端盖组件，其中，
    构成所述泄压件的材质包括铝，构成所述端盖的材质包括钢。
  23. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电芯组件，
    壳体，所述壳体具有开口，所述电芯组件容纳于所述壳体中；以及
    如权利要求1-22中任一项所述的端盖组件，所述端盖组件盖合于所述开口。
  24. 一种电池，包括：如权利要求23所述的电池单体。
  25. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求24所述的电池。
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CN110400895A (zh) * 2019-07-30 2019-11-01 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池模组、二次电池及其顶盖组件
WO2022047788A1 (zh) * 2020-09-07 2022-03-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 端盖组件、壳体组件、电池单体、电池及用电装置
CN216250985U (zh) * 2021-09-28 2022-04-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池单体、电池和用电设备

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