WO2023208187A1 - 一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途 - Google Patents

一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途 Download PDF

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WO2023208187A1
WO2023208187A1 PCT/CN2023/091555 CN2023091555W WO2023208187A1 WO 2023208187 A1 WO2023208187 A1 WO 2023208187A1 CN 2023091555 W CN2023091555 W CN 2023091555W WO 2023208187 A1 WO2023208187 A1 WO 2023208187A1
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alkyl
compound
group
cycloalkyl
membered heterocyclyl
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘飞
吴刚
王晓波
宋文琦
张万朝
陈庆
孙玉婷
查全文
康乐
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南京迈诺威医药科技有限公司
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of medical technology, and specifically relates to a compound with anti-androgen receptor activity and its use.
  • the androgen receptor is a member of the large family of ligand-related transcription factors, among which the ligand-related transcription factors are called the steroid receptor superfamily.
  • the androgen receptor is a steroid hormone receptor with a ligand-binding region, a DNA-binding region, and multiple phosphorylation sites. After AR binds to its ligand androgen in vivo, it forms AR dimers, which are then phosphorylated and transferred from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it mediates the transcription and activation of various pathways.
  • AR is widely distributed in many human body parts and organs, and plays a crucial role in the development of many androgen-related diseases such as cancer, hair loss, and acne.
  • Cisokia Chinese patent application CN03808650.6 discloses a class of curcumin analogs that have anti-androgen receptor activity and can effectively inhibit the production of androgen receptors in cells. However, most of these curcumin analogs are oily or Activity is not ideal.
  • the invention provides a curcumin derivative that has high bioavailability, good biological activity, can take effect quickly and maintain a stable physiological concentration in the body for a long time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising the above-mentioned curcumin derivatives and the use of the above-mentioned curcumin derivatives in the preparation of medicaments for treating, preventing or ameliorating symptoms or diseases resulting from androgen-related disorders.
  • the present invention provides compounds represented by the following formula I, their racemates, stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, polymorphs or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts,
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different, and are independently selected from the following groups that are unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Ra: C 1-12 alkyl or deuterium Generation C 1-12 alkyl;
  • the spiro ring formed by the alkyl group connected to the C 3-20 cycloalkyl group, the spiro ring formed by the C 3-20 cycloalkyl group connected to the 3-20 membered heterocyclic group, the 3-20 membered heterocyclyl group and the 3-20 membered heterocyclic group A spiro ring composed of connected ring groups;
  • the Rc is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-12 alkyl, C 1-12 alkoxy, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, 3-20 membered heterocyclyl, and 5-20 membered heteroaryl.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are the same or different, and are independently selected from C 1-6 alkyl or deuterated C 1-6 alkyl;
  • Rb substituted ring systems as follows: C 3-12 cycloalkyl, C 4-12 cycloalkenyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl and C 3-12 cycloalkyl
  • a spiro ring composed of a C 3-12 cycloalkyl group connected to a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl group, a spiro ring composed of a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl group connected to a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl group;
  • the Rc is selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C 3-12 cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl.
  • the 3-20-membered heterocyclic group can be a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, an oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, etc., such as piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dioxane Key et al.
  • the following ring system can be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rb: C 3-10 monocyclic alkyl, C 3-10 monocyclic alkenyl, oxa C 2-10 monocyclic alkyl , aza C 2-10 monocyclic alkyl, spiro C 6-16 alkyl, oxaspiro C 6-16 alkyl; such as spirocyclohexyl, spirocycloheptyl, spirocyclooctyl , spirocyclononanyl, spirocyclodecyl, azocyclopentane, azepane, azepane, oxaspirocyclohexyl, oxaspirocycloheptanyl, oxaspiro Cycloctyl, oxaspirocyclononanyl, oxaspirocyclodecanyl.
  • ring systems may be unsubstituted or optionally substituted by one, two or more Rb: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, spiro[2.3]hexyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, azepanyl, 1,4-dioxspiro[4,5]decyl;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different, and are independently selected from C 1-3 alkyl or deuterated C 1-3 alkyl, such as methyl or deuterium methyl group;
  • the compound of Formula I has the structure shown below:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the above definitions;
  • R 5 is halogen;
  • R 6 is hydroxyl, amino, unsubstituted or the following groups optionally substituted by one, two or more Rc: C 1-12 alkyl, C 1-12 alkoxy, C 3- 20- cycloalkyl, 3-20-membered heterocyclyl, -NHC 1-12 alkyl, -N(C 1-12 alkyl) 2 , -NHCOC 1-12 alkyl, -CONHC 1-12 alkyl, - NHC 3-20 cycloalkyl, -S(O) 2 C 1-12 alkyl, -COOC 1-12 alkyl;
  • Represents O, halogen, Or -N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 substituted cyclohexyl.
  • cyclohexyl substituted by O or halogen, e.g.
  • the compound represented by formula I is selected from the following:
  • the compound represented by formula I is selected from the following:
  • the compound represented by formula I is selected from the following:
  • a compound of the invention can exist in tautomeric forms, the invention includes all tautomeric forms.
  • the compounds of the invention may exist in stereoisomeric forms (enantiomers, diastereomers). Accordingly, the present invention includes enantiomers or diastereomers and their respective mixtures. From such mixtures of enantiomers and/or diastereomers, stereoisomeric homogeneous components can be separated in a known manner.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound represented by formula I is its hydrochloride salt, such as the hydrochloride salt of compound 12, compound 14, compound 16, compound 18, compound 19 and compound 23. .
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the compound of the above formula I, which includes the following steps:
  • R 1 -R 4 and Rb have the above definitions, n is an integer from 0 to 17, m is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and X is a halogen, such as bromine; combine the compound of formula SM-A with the formula SM- Compound B reacts to obtain compound of formula I. Furthermore, the compound of formula I can introduce different substituents on the A ring of the compound of formula I through conventional chemical synthesis methods. For example, some compounds of Formula I can be prepared by methods including:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 have the above definitions; L is a leaving group.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 6 have the above definitions; L is a leaving group.
  • n is an integer from 0 to 9, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • m is an integer from 0 to 10, such as an integer from 0 to 5, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition, which includes the compound represented by formula I, its racemate, stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, polymorph or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts at least one of them.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further includes one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Suitable routes of administration for the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, oral, rectal, topical, buccal, parenteral, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous and transdermal administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is for oral administration, and the pharmaceutical composition can be tablets, pills, lozenges, sugar-coated agents, capsules, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is used for topical administration, and the pharmaceutical composition can be an ointment, cream, paste, tincture, plaster, gel, film, coating, or aerosol. agents, sprays, foams, micro sponges, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared by methods well known in the art, such as conventional mixing methods, granulation methods, sugar-coated pill making methods, grinding methods, melting methods, emulsification methods, dissolving methods, etc.
  • solid oral compositions can be prepared by conventional mixing, filling or tableting methods
  • topical preparations can be prepared by conventional dissolving, mixing and stirring.
  • it can be obtained by mixing the active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, adding other suitable excipients if necessary, and then processing the mixture into granules to obtain tablets or dragees. core.
  • Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to: binders, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, sweeteners or flavoring agents, etc.
  • a cream can be prepared by an emulsification method, which can be obtained by heating and melting the greasy and oil-soluble components to obtain an oil phase, dissolving the water-soluble components in water and heating to obtain a water phase, and adding the water phase to Oil phase, add while stirring until condensed. Obtain an ointment.
  • Suitable excipients include but are not limited to: matrix, pH adjuster, and transdermal absorption enhancer.
  • the present invention provides the compound represented by the above formula I, its racemate, stereoisomer, tautomer, solvate, polymorph or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention Use in the preparation of medicaments for the treatment, prevention or amelioration of symptoms or diseases of androgen-related disorders.
  • non-limiting examples of symptoms or diseases of androgen-related disorders are: androgen-related inflammation, including wounds (the compounds of the present invention can help wound healing), acne, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid joints inflammation, psoriasis and rosacea; Kennedy's disease (spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or SBMA), polyglutamine-mediated motor neuron degeneration; androgen-related cancers such as prostate, bladder, breast, ovarian, Endometrial cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, central nervous system cancer, skin cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, esophageal, gastric, colon, and pancreatic cancer; alopecia, including androgenic alopecia; acne; and hirsutism .
  • wounds the compounds of the present invention can help wound healing
  • acne atopic dermatitis
  • rheumatoid joints inflammation inflammation
  • the present invention also provides a method for treating, preventing or improving symptoms or diseases of androgen-related disorders, which includes administering to an individual in need a preventive or therapeutically effective amount of the compound represented by Formula I of the present invention, or its racemate. , stereoisomers, tautomers, solvates, polymorphs or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • non-limiting examples of symptoms or diseases of androgen-related disorders are: androgen-related inflammation, including wounds (the compounds of the present invention can help wound healing), acne, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid joints inflammation, psoriasis and rosacea; polyglutamine-mediated motor neuron degeneration, Kennedy's disease (spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or SBMA); androgen-related cancers such as prostate, bladder, breast, ovarian, Endometrial cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, central nervous system cancer, skin cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, esophageal, gastric, colon, and pancreatic cancer; alopecia, including androgenic alopecia; acne; and hirsutism .
  • wounds the compounds of the present invention can help wound healing
  • acne atopic dermatitis
  • rheumatoid joints inflammation inflammation
  • the daily dosage is 0.01 to 200 mg/kg body weight.
  • dosing regimens can be adjusted to provide the optimal desired response.
  • a single oral dose may be administered, several divided doses may be administered over time, or the dosage may be proportionally reduced or increased as the exigencies of the therapeutic situation indicate.
  • dosage values may vary depending on the type and severity of the condition to be alleviated, and may include single or multiple doses. It is further understood that, for any particular individual, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual needs and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions.
  • a heterocyclic group optionally substituted by an alkyl group means that the alkyl group may but does not necessarily exist, thus including heterocyclic groups substituted by an alkyl group and heterocyclic groups not substituted by an alkyl group.
  • halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine. Accordingly, the term “halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo and/or iodo.
  • halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine.
  • halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo and/or iodo.
  • the atoms at the halogenated position may be mono-, di- or multi-substituted up to fully substituted by halogen atoms.
  • C 1-12 alkyl is understood to mean a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably a C 1-6 alkyl radical.
  • C 1-6 alkyl is understood to mean preferably a straight-chain or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-Methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl base, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl or 1,2-dimethylbutyl, etc. or their isomers.
  • said groups have 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 1-3 alkyl
  • C 3-20 cycloalkyl is understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably “C 3-12 cycloalkyl”.
  • C 3-12 cycloalkyl is understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • the C 3-12 cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic hydrocarbon group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecanyl, or bicyclic Hydrocarbyl groups such as decalin ring.
  • C 4-20 cycloalkenyl is understood to mean an unsaturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 4 to 20 carbon atoms and containing at least 1 unsaturated double bond, such as 1, 2 or 3 unsaturated double bonds.
  • C 4-12 cycloalkenyl is preferred.
  • C 4-12 cycloalkenyl is understood to mean an unsaturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring having 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms and 1 , 2 or 3 unsaturated double bonds.
  • the C 4-12 cycloalkyl group is, for example, cyclohexenyl.
  • 3-20-membered heterocyclyl means a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring containing 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, preferably "3-12-membered heterocyclyl”".
  • 3-12 membered heterocyclyl means a saturated monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring, including Contains 1-5, preferably 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • the heterocyclyl group may be attached to the remainder of the molecule through any of the carbon atoms or a nitrogen atom, if present.
  • the heterocyclyl group may include, but is not limited to: 4-membered rings, such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl; 5-membered rings, such as tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, pyrrole Alkyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl; or 6-membered ring, such as tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl Or trithialkyl; or 7-membered ring, such as diazacycloheptyl.
  • 4-membered rings such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl
  • 5-membered rings such as tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, pyrrole Alkyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl
  • the heterocyclyl group may be benzo-fused.
  • the heterocyclyl group may be bicyclic, such as but not limited to a 5,5-membered ring, such as a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-yl ring, or a 5,6-membered bicyclic ring, such as a hexahydropyrrole And [1,2-a]pyrazine-2(1H)-yl ring.
  • the ring containing nitrogen atoms may be partially unsaturated, i.e.
  • the heterocyclyl group is nonaromatic.
  • C 3-20 cycloalkyl composed of C 3-20 cycloalkyl and C 3-20 cycloalkyl
  • the definition of C 3-20 cycloalkyl is the same as above, which refers to two C 3-20 cycloalkyl groups sharing one A spiro ring composed of carbon atoms.
  • C 3-20 cycloalkyl and 3-20 membered heterocyclyl in the term "spiro ring composed of C 3-20 cycloalkyl and 3-20 membered heterocyclyl" are the same as above, which refers to 1 C 3 -A spiro ring composed of a 20- cycloalkyl group and a 3-20-membered heterocyclic group sharing one carbon atom.
  • 3-20-membered heterocyclyl in the term "spiro ring composed of 3-20-membered heterocyclyl and 3-20-membered heterocyclyl" is the same as above, which refers to two 3-20-membered heterocyclyl groups sharing 1 A spiro ring composed of carbon atoms.
  • 5-20 membered heteroaryl is understood to include monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring systems having 5 to 20 ring atoms and containing 1 to 5 independently selected from N, O and S heteroatoms, such as "5-12 membered heteroaryl".
  • the term “5-12 membered heteroaryl” is understood to include monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring systems having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ring atoms , in particular 5 or 6 or 9 or 10 carbon atoms, and which contains 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and, in addition in each case, benzene and fused.
  • the heteroaryl group is selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiazolyl Diazolyl, thi-4H-pyrazolyl, etc.
  • benzo derivatives such as benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzene Triazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, etc.; or pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, etc., and their benzo derivatives, such as quinoline base, quinazolinyl, isoquinolinyl, etc.; or azocinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, etc.
  • prevention or treatment means the administration of a compound or formulation of the invention to prevent, ameliorate or eliminate a disease or one or more symptoms associated with said disease, and includes:
  • terapéuticaally effective amount means (i) treating or preventing a specified disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) alleviating, ameliorating, or eliminating one or more symptoms of a specified disease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) preventing or delaying An amount of a compound of the invention that is associated with the onset of one or more symptoms of a particular disease, condition or disorder described herein.
  • the amount of a compound of the invention that constitutes a "therapeutically effective amount” will vary depending on the compound, the disease state and its severity, the mode of administration and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be routinely determined by one skilled in the art. based on its own knowledge and the contents of this disclosure.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable refers to those compounds, materials, compositions and/or dosage forms which, within the scope of sound medical judgment, are suitable for use in contact with human and animal tissue without multiple toxicity, irritation, allergic reactions, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention include salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids and salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid refers to pharmaceutically acceptable acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, acetoacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid , butyric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oxalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, isethionic acid, 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, sulfamic acid, lactic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, gluta
  • pharmaceutically acceptable base refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable base, such as an inorganic base (alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, etc.) or an organic base (such as an amine (primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine)). amine), etc.).
  • suitable salts include, but are not limited to, organic salts derived from amino acids, ammonia, primary, secondary and tertiary amines and cyclic amines (e.g.
  • diethylamine salts piperidine salts, morpholine salts, piperazine salts, choline salts) salts, meglumine salts, tromethamine salts, etc.
  • inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
  • solvate refers to a compound of the present invention that forms a complex in a solid or liquid state through coordination with solvent molecules. Hydrates are a specific form of solvates in which coordination occurs with water.
  • composition refers to a mixture of one or more compounds of the present invention or salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the purpose of pharmaceutical compositions is to facilitate the administration to an organism of the compounds of the invention.
  • the compounds of the present invention are formulated into tablets, pills, lozenges, dragees, capsules, and the like for oral administration to patients.
  • the compounds of the present invention can also be formulated into ointments, creams, pastes, tinctures, plasters, gels, films, coatings, aerosols, sprays, foams, micro-sponges, etc., for Topical administration to patients.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipients refers to those excipients that have no obvious irritating effect on the organism and do not impair the biological activity and performance of the active compound. Suitable excipients are well known to those skilled in the art, such as carbohydrates, waxes, water-soluble and/or water-swellable polymers, hydrophilic or hydrophobic materials, gelatin, oils, solvents, water, etc.
  • compositions of the present application can be prepared by combining the compounds of the present application with appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • they can be formulated into solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous preparations, such as tablets, pills, capsules, and powders. , granules, ointments, emulsions, suspensions, suppositories, injections, inhalants, gels, microspheres and aerosols, etc.
  • Typical routes of administration of the compounds of the present application or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or pharmaceutical compositions thereof include, but are not limited to, oral, rectal, topical, inhalation, parenteral, sublingual, intravaginal, intranasal, intraocular, intraperitoneal, Intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous administration, oral administration has better patient compliance than intravenous administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present application can be manufactured by methods well known in the art, such as conventional mixing methods, dissolving methods, granulation methods, sugar-coated pill making methods, grinding methods, emulsification methods, freeze-drying methods, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in an oral form.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated by mixing the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients well known in the art. These excipients enable the compound of the present application to be formulated into tablets, pills, lozenges, sugar-coated agents, capsules, liquids, gels, slurries, suspensions, etc. for oral administration to patients.
  • Solid oral compositions may be prepared by conventional mixing, filling or tableting methods. For example, it can be obtained by the following method: mixing the active compound with solid excipients, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, adding other suitable excipients if necessary, and then processing the mixture into granules to obtain tablets Or sugar-coated core. Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to: binders, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, sweeteners or flavoring agents, etc.
  • compositions of the present invention may also be suitable for local administration, such as creams, gels, foams or tinctures in suitable unit dosage forms.
  • Topical preparations can be prepared through conventional dissolution, mixing and stirring.
  • a cream can be prepared by an emulsification method, which can be obtained by heating and melting the greasy and oil-soluble components to obtain an oil phase, dissolving the water-soluble components in water and heating to obtain a water phase, and adding the water phase to Add the oil phase while stirring until it condenses to obtain an ointment.
  • Suitable excipients include but are not limited to: matrix, pH adjuster, and transdermal absorption enhancer.
  • DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • DHT is the product of testosterone converted by 5-alpha-reductase. Androgens stimulate or control the development and maintenance of male characteristics and other physiological functions in vertebrates and activate or regulate genes by binding to androgen receptors and then binding to androgen/AR-controlled genes (DNA).
  • AR androgen receptor
  • DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • Androgenic alopecia refers to the symptoms and conditions of hair loss related to the levels of androgen hormones in the body. Androgenic alopecia is generally thought to be caused by sensitivity of the hair follicle or surrounding tissue to androgens, which is genetic and often runs in families. Androgenic alopecia is associated with several other medical conditions in men, including coronary heart disease and prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, insulin resistance conditions (such as diabetes and obesity), and hypertension. In women, hair loss can be associated with an increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is characterized by hormone imbalances that can lead to menstrual irregularities, acne, excessive body hair (hirsutism), and weight gain.
  • PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Hair loss in women is often related to androgen accumulation or increased amounts of androgens. Androgenic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss in men, and the condition is also commonly called male pattern baldness. Hair is lost in a clearly visible pattern, starting on the temples on both sides. Over time, the hairline recedes to form the classic "M" shape. Hair also thins on the top of the head, often progressing to partial or complete baldness. In women, it manifests itself as hair becoming thinner across the head and a hairline that does not recede. Androgenetic alopecia in women rarely causes complete baldness.
  • anti-AR activity refers to the ability of the compound of the present invention to reduce AR expression in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP.
  • the AR reduction percentage (%) is used to express the ability of the compound of the present invention to reduce AR expression.
  • the greater the decrease in AR expression the stronger the anti-AR activity of the compound, that is, the greater the AR reduction percentage (%) value, the stronger the anti-AR activity.
  • “Individual” as used herein includes humans or non-human animals.
  • Exemplary human subjects include human subjects (referred to as patients) suffering from a disease, such as those described herein, or normal subjects.
  • non-human animals include all vertebrates, such as non-mammals (such as birds, amphibians, reptiles) and mammals, such as non-human primates, domestic animals and/or domesticated animals (such as sheep, dogs , cats, cows, pigs, etc.).
  • the present invention provides a curcumin derivative represented by formula I, which has good prostate tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity and anti-AR activity. Moreover, the curcumin derivative of the present invention has good in vivo metabolic properties, has high AUC and C max , has good medicinal properties, and can be used to prevent and/or treat androgen-related disorders. In addition, the curcumin derivative of the present invention also has a good hair growth promoting effect, and can effectively increase the number of hair follicles and the length of hair growth.
  • Figure 1 shows Western blot images of the reduction of AR protein expression in LNCaP cells by compounds of the present invention at different concentrations
  • Figure 2 shows the pharmacokinetic curve of each compound in the plasma of male rats after oral administration of the compound of the present invention
  • the intermediate compounds of the present invention can be prepared by a variety of synthetic methods well known to those skilled in the art, including the specific embodiments listed below, embodiments formed by combining them with other chemical synthesis methods, and those skilled in the art.
  • Well-known equivalents and preferred embodiments include, but are not limited to, the embodiments of the present invention.
  • DHT dihydrotestosterone
  • Kracotone purchased from Nanjing Kangmanlin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
  • target indications include androgenic alopecia, acne, etc.
  • Mechanism of action Competitively inhibits the combination of DHT and AR, thereby achieving anti-androgen effects; Dimethylcurcumin (purchased from Nanjing Kangmanlin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); The structural formula of raw material A is (Purchased from Nanjing Kangmanlin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.); the structural formula of raw material B is The structural formula of raw material C is The structural formula of raw material D is (Raw materials B to D were purchased from Nanjing Jiming Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.).
  • intermediate 30-1 300 mg, 0.62 mmol
  • diethylamine 9 mg, 1.25 mmol
  • tetrahydrofuran 10 mL
  • triacetoxyboron Sodium hydride 270 mg, 1.25 mmol
  • Human prostate cancer cell LNCaP and human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl exist in prostate cancer patients.
  • the androgen DHT can promote the growth of human prostate cancer cell LNCaP.
  • the purpose of using the above cell model is to study the present invention in the presence or absence of DHT. Inhibitory effects of compounds on the growth of human prostate cancer cells (human prostate cancer cell LNCaP and human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl).
  • Test materials test compound (prepared by the method of the present invention), human prostate cancer cell LNCaP (American model Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-1740), human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-2505), RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen ) company; Cat. No. 11875119), fetal bovine serum (Certified FBS Charcoal Stripped, Biolohivsl Industries, Cat. No. 04-204-1A), penicillin-streptomycin mixture (Solaibao; Cat No.: P1400) , CellTiter-Glo (CTG) reagent (Promega, Cat#G7573).
  • human prostate cancer cell LNCaP American model Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-1740
  • human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-2505
  • RPMI 1640 medium Invitrogen ) company
  • fetal bovine serum Certified F
  • Test method Place human prostate cancer cell LNCaP and human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl in the exponential growth phase under a microscope to observe that the cells are in good growth status. Discard the medium in the culture dish and add 5 mL of trypsin for digestion for about 3 minutes. Add 10 mL of fresh culture medium to stop digestion, blow the cells thoroughly and move them to a 15 mL centrifuge tube, and centrifuge at 1000 rpm for 5 min to collect the cells. The cells collected by centrifugation were resuspended in 11 mL of fresh culture medium, and 1 mL was taken to count and detect cell viability. Add an appropriate amount of culture medium to adjust the cell density to 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells/mL, seed it in a 96-well plate at 200 ⁇ L/well and place it in a cell incubator for overnight incubation.
  • the human prostate cancer cell LNCaP group was added with test compounds (0.1 ⁇ M, 0.3 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, 3 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M, 30 ⁇ M) and DHT (1 nM, to induce the expression of AR) in a 96-well plate and continued to incubate for 5 days;
  • the human prostate cancer cell 22Rvl group was added with test compounds (0.1 ⁇ M, 0.3 ⁇ M, 1 ⁇ M, 3 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M, and 30 ⁇ M) in a 96-well plate and continued to incubate for 5 days. After 5 days, take out the 96-well plate from the incubator and observe the cell status under a microscope. Equilibrate the 96-well plate at room temperature for 30 minutes.
  • CTG method to detect cell viability. Thaw before detection. Buffer and its substrate (collectively referred to as CTG reagent) and equilibrated to room temperature. Then, 100 mL of Buffer and substrate were gently mixed to form a uniform solution and added to a 96-well plate at 100 ⁇ L/well and incubated on a shaker for 15 min, and then the fluorescence value of each well was measured.
  • the detection method of the fluorescence value of each well is: after adding CTG reagent, use the correspondingly equipped multi-mode plate reader (M200Pro, TECAN, Switzerland) to perform luminescence detection (integration time: 500ms) according to the supplier's manual to quantify the inhibitor. Effect on cell viability.
  • the compound of the present invention has good prostate cancer cell growth inhibitory activity and can effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.
  • Test Example 2 Test of the effect of the compound of the present invention on the expression of AR protein in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP
  • AR is a key factor in regulating the response of prostate cancer cells to androgens. AR is also a key factor in the response of hair follicles or tissues surrounding hair follicles to androgens. Reducing AR content can not only downregulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, but also inhibit androgenetic alopecia. .
  • This test example is to test the effect of the compound of the present invention on the reduction of AR protein expression in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP in the presence of DHT.
  • the anti-AR activity of the compounds of the invention in human prostate cancer cells LNCaP was analyzed by measuring AR protein reduction using Western blotting.
  • Test materials test compound (prepared by the method of the present invention), human prostate cancer cell LNCaP (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-1740), RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen Company); Cat. No. 11875119), fetal bovine serum (Certified FBS Charcoal Stripped, Biolohivsl Industries, Cat. No. 04-204-1A), BCA protein quantification kit (Thermo; Cat. No. 23225), color pre-stained protein Molecular weight standard Color prestained protein marker, Beyotime; Cat.No.P0069), GAPDH antibody (Millipore; Cat. No. MAB374), AR antibody (CST; Cat. No. 5153).
  • human prostate cancer cell LNCaP American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Cat No: CRL-1740), RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen Company); Cat. No. 11875119
  • fetal bovine serum Certified FBS Charcoal Stripped, Biolohivsl
  • Test method Human prostate cancer cells LNCaP were seeded in a 6-well plate at 4 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL, with the volume of each well being 2 mL and placed in a cell incubator for overnight incubation. DMSO and dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1 nM) were used as controls, and the test was performed in the presence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1 nM). After incubating the cells with the test compound for the specified time, the cells were collected according to the Western blotting technique known in the biochemical field. and dissolve them. During the experiment, set up the DMSO group, DHT group (1nM), and test compound group (containing 1nM DHT).
  • DHT (1nM DHT) Add DMSO and DHT (1nM DHT) to the corresponding 6-well plates of the DMSO group and DHT group respectively. Add DHT (1nM) and test compounds (0.6 ⁇ M, 1.2 ⁇ M, 2.5 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M, 10 ⁇ M) were added to the 6-well plate corresponding to the test compound group; after incubating the control group and test compound group for 48 hours, the cells were collected for lysis, and the protein concentration was quantified using a BCA kit Save the sample for later use.
  • Western Blot was used to determine the AR protein content in each group.
  • the loading amount of samples in each group was 30 ⁇ g.
  • Western blot analysis methods have been disclosed in the prior art. Specifically, cells were collected in 2x sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis loading buffer or in a buffer containing 10 ⁇ g/mL benzamidine, 10 ⁇ g/mL trypsin inhibitor, and 1 mM benzene. Methanesulfonyl fluoride enhanced radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer. A sample of total protein from each cell lysate (approximately 40 ⁇ g) was separated by electrophoresis on an SDS/PAGE gel.
  • RIPA radioimmunoprecipitation assay
  • proteins are transferred from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane following standard procedures.
  • Membranes were then incubated with 10% fat-free milk in phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.1% Tween20 (PBST) for 1 hour, followed by incubation with primary human AR-specific antibody (purchased from BD-Harlingen) overnight at 4°C. After incubation, wash the membrane three times with PBST buffer for 10 minutes each time; then add alkaline phosphatase-conjugated secondary antibody and incubate at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • PBST phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.1% Tween20
  • primary human AR-specific antibody purchased from BD-Harlingen
  • the membrane was washed again with PBST, and the AR protein signal in the membrane was visualized by adding alkaline phosphatase medium, bromochloroindolylphosphate, and nitrotetrazole to the membrane.
  • a portion of the membrane was kept with a specific antibody for the regulatory protein GAPDH (SantaCruz Biotechnology) and the GAPDH signal was visualized with a secondary antibody as described above.
  • Protein signal intensity (as shown by the color band on the membrane) was measured using a hydrometer and analyzed by NIH Image J software (NIH1.33).
  • the AR protein signal in each sample was normalized (relative to GAPDH), and the data was expressed as the ratio of the AR gray value to the GAPDH gray value. See Figure 1 for details.
  • the relative efficacy of the anti-AR activity of the compound of the present invention is expressed by the AR reduction percentage of the compound incubated at concentrations of 2.5 ⁇ M, 5 ⁇ M, and 10 ⁇ M for 48 hours (containing 1 nM DHT).
  • the evaluation indicators are as follows in Table 2:
  • AR reduction percentage (%) (AR/GAPDH value of DHT group - AR/GAPDH value of test compound group)/AR/GAPDH value of DHT group ⁇ 100%.
  • the ability of the compounds of the present invention to reduce AR expression in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP is shown in Table 3.
  • the values in Table 3 refer to the AR reduction percentage (%), and the concentration in Table 3 refers to the concentration of the test compound. The greater the number of "+" in the relative potency column in Table 3, the better the anti-AR activity of the compound.
  • DHT can up-regulate the expression of AR protein in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP, and the compounds of the present invention can dose-dependently inhibit the expression of AR protein in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP, that is, the compounds of the present invention have anti-AR activity.
  • the compounds of the present invention especially compound 7, compound 8, compound 12 hydrochloride, compound 16 hydrochloride and compound 19 hydrochloride, have significant anti-AR activity.
  • This test example is designed to study the single oral administration of each compound solution of the present invention to SD rats and detect the concentration of active ingredients in plasma. degree, and evaluate its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in SD rats.
  • PK pharmacokinetic
  • mice male SD rats (body weight 180-220g, purchased from Beijing Vitong Lihua Experimental Animal Technology Co., Ltd., production license number: SCXK (Beijing) 2016-0006), experimental compounds (prepared according to the methods of the examples of the present invention ), purified water (homemade).
  • mice Male SD rats were randomly divided into groups (3 rats in each group). During the test period, they drank water freely. They were fasted for more than 12 hours before administration and fed 4 hours after administration. After oral administration, SD rats in each group were given a 0.5% aqueous suspension solution of the experimental compound at a dose of 50 mg/kg (based on the amount of the experimental compound) (the prescription included: 0.5% test compound, 1% CMCNa, 0.5% Tween 80, 98% purified water).
  • Blood samples were collected at 0 min before administration and at 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 12 h after administration into K 2 EDTA anticoagulant tubes, and temporarily stored on ice until centrifuged.
  • the plasma needs to be centrifuged within 60 minutes after blood collection (centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 5 minutes at 2-8°C). After centrifugation, transfer the plasma to a 96-well plate or centrifuge tube, transport it in an ice box, and store it at ⁇ -15°C for LC-MS/MS. detection.
  • the LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method was used to detect the drug concentration in the plasma of SD rats.
  • the non-compartmental model was used to analyze the blood drug concentration-time data using WinNonlinTM (Version8.3, Certara, USA) to evaluate its effect in SD.
  • Pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics in rats, data are shown in Table 4, and pharmacokinetic curves are shown in Figure 2.
  • the drug-time curve in Figure 2 shows that compound 10 has the lowest C max and the smallest AUC last in rats; the C max of compound 7 and compound 8 are similar, but the AUC last of compound 8 is higher than that of compound 7.
  • the compounds of the present invention have significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties.
  • both AUC and C max were significantly increased. Therefore, the compound of the present invention has good medicinal properties and can obtain better curative effect at a lower dosage.
  • Test Example 4 Hair growth promotion test of the compounds of the present invention on mice with hair loss
  • Test purpose To test the hair growth-promoting effect of the compound of the present invention on the hair loss mouse model.
  • Test materials C57BL/6 mice (purchased from Spefford (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., production license number: SCXK (Beijing) 2019-0010), test compound (prepared by the method of the present invention), rosin (Shanghai) Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number: Y18M10C83144), liquid paraffin (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., batch number: Z22S11Y125555), chloral hydrate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., batch number: 20190823, use 0.9% chlorine Sodium solution is made into 2% chloral hydrate solution), testosterone propionate (Shanghai Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd., batch number: T101368, when used, use soybean oil for injection to make 0.5% testosterone propionate solution), for injection Soybean oil (Tieling Beiya Medicinal Oil Co., Ltd., batch number: National Drug Approval No.
  • Test method Select 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and anesthetize them by intraperitoneal injection of 2% chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg). Weigh equal amounts of rosin and paraffin, heat and mix well, and apply it on the back of the mice, about 2cm ⁇ 2.5 cm area, use tweezers to gently peel off the solidified hair after the mixture cools and hardens. Animals with dark skin color after avulsion, indicating they were in the anagen phase when hair follicles are actively growing, were excluded from the study.
  • Qualified C57BL/6 mice (3 mice in each group) were randomly assigned to the blank group, model group, positive control drug group (7.5% clacotone group) and test group (including 0.3% compound 8 group, 0.3% compound group 7 groups).
  • Mice in the blank group were smeared with 0.1 mL of normal saline on the hair removal area every morning, once a day, for 17 consecutive days; mice in the model group were smeared with 0.1 mL of 0.5% testosterone propionate solution on the hair removal area every morning (once a day, Starting from the first day, for 17 consecutive days), apply 0.5 mL of the control solvent on the hair removal area every afternoon (once a day, for 16 consecutive days starting from the second day); in the positive control group, apply 0.1 mL of the control solvent on the hair removal area every morning in the morning.
  • the prescription of the test compound solution is 0.3% test compound, 40% DMSO, 30% ethanol and the remainder of water; the prescription of the control solvent is 40% DMSO, 30% ethanol and the remainder of water; the prescription of the positive control drug group is 7.5% klacoteone, 40% DMSO, 30% ethanol and balance water.
  • the hair regrowth in the depilated areas of mice in each group was observed, and photos were taken 16 days after the start of topical administration of the test compound solution.
  • Figure 3 shows that compared with the blank group, the hair growth of mice in the model group is poor, and the number of hair follicles is significantly less than that of the blank group, indicating that applying 0.5% testosterone propionate solution can cause hair loss in the mouse model; compared with the model group , the hair of the mice in the positive control drug group increased significantly, and the number of hair follicles increased significantly, indicating that the hair loss mouse model is reliable; Compound 7 and Compound 8 of the present invention showed a positive ratio of hair and hair follicle growth when the single daily dose of 1.5 mg was administered.
  • the control drug group is better, indicating that the low-dose compound of the present invention has better efficacy in treating hair loss than the high-dose positive control drug.
  • the compound of the present invention can significantly increase the hair length and hair follicle number of the mice in the test group at a smaller dose, and can promote the generation of hair follicles and hair growth in mice with hair loss, and has good Hair growth promotion effect.

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Abstract

本发明提供式(I)所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐。所述化合物具有良好的前列腺肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性和抗AR活性。且所述化合物具有良好的体内代谢性质，AUC和Cmax均较高，成药性良好，能够用于预防和/或治疗雄性激素相关障碍的疾病。本发明的化合物还具有良好的毛发生产促进作用，能有效地增加毛囊的数量和毛发生长的长度。

Description

一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途
本申请要求以下在先申请的优先权：2022年4月29日向中国国家知识产权局提交的专利申请号为202210476508.3，发明名称为“一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途”的在先申请。所述在先申请的全文通过引用的方式结合于本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域，具体涉及一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途。
背景技术
雄性激素受体(androgen receptor，AR)是与配体相关的转录因子大科中的一员，其中与配体相关的转录因子被称为甾族受体总科。雄激素受体是具有配体结合区、DNA结合区以及多个磷酸化位点的类固醇激素受体。AR在体内与配体雄激素结合后，形成AR二聚体，进而磷酸化并从细胞质转移到细胞核，在细胞核内介导各种途径的转录和激活。
AR在众多的人体部位及器官中有着广泛的分布，在癌症、脱发、痤疮等众多雄性激素相关疾病的发展过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。
有文献报道雄激素和AR在正常前列腺和前列腺癌的生长中起着重要作用，抗雄激素药物已广泛用于前列腺癌的治疗。另外，高血清雄激素水平与痤疮、雄激素源性脱发存在关联，抗雄激素疗法对痤疮和雄激素源性脱发具有潜在影响。然而，雄激素参与众多生物学过程，因阻断或抑制雄激素与其相应受体的结合导致周围环境中有效雄激素水平提高，周围环境中雄激素水平的提高会影响其他雄激素相关的生物学过程并能引起不希望的副作用，目前抑制雄激素受体的产生已经成为研究热点，具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物已作为针对雄激素受体相关病症的潜在疗法。
中国专利申请CN03808650.6公开了一类姜黄素类似物具有抗产生雄激素受体的活性，能够有效地抑制细胞中的雄激素受体的产生，但该类姜黄素类似物多为油状物或活性不理想。
自尊降低或抑郁等精神疾病常常困扰脱发、皮肤等疾病患者，给患者造成严重的心理负担。因此，急需一类具备良好成药性、生物活性等其他性质的新化合物。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种生物利用度高、生物活性好又能快速起效且长时间维持体内稳定生理浓度的姜黄素类衍生物。
本发明的目的还在于提供包含上述姜黄素类衍生物的组合物及上述姜黄素类衍生物在制备用于治疗、预防或改善来自雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病中的药物的用途。
本发明的目的是由以下技术方案来达到的，
第一个方面，本发明提供如下式Ⅰ所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐，
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Ra取代的如下基团：C1-12烷基或氘代C1-12烷基；
代表无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：C3-20环烷基、C4-20环烯基、3-20元杂环基、C3-20环烷基与C3-20环烷基相连构成的螺环、C3-20环烷基与3-20元杂环基相连构成的螺环、3-20元杂环基与3-20元杂环基相连构成的螺环；
Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基；
Rb相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氘代、卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下基团：C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基、-NHC1-12烷基、-N(C1-12烷基)2、-NHCOC1-12烷基、-CONHC1-12烷基、-NHC3-20环烷基、-NHCOC3-20环烷基、-CONHC3-20环烷基、-S(O)2C1-12烷基、-COOC1-12烷基；或者连接在同一个碳原子上的两个Rb与所连接的碳原子一起形成无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下环系：C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基；
所述Rc选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基、5-20元杂芳基。
根据本发明的实施方案，R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C1-6烷基或氘代C1-6烷基；
根据本发明的实施方案，代表无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个(例如1、2、3、 4或5个)Rb取代的如下环系：C3-12环烷基、C4-12环烯基、3-12元杂环基、C3-12环烷基与C3-12环烷基相连构成的螺环、C3-12环烷基与3-12元杂环基相连构成的螺环、3-12元杂环基与3-12元杂环基相连构成的螺环；
根据本发明的实施方案，Rb相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氘代、卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个(例如1、2、3、4或5个)Rc取代的如下基团：C3-12环烷基、3-12元杂环基、-NHC1-6烷基、-N(C1-6烷基)2、-NHCOC1-6烷基、-NHC3-12环烷基、-S(O)2C1-6烷基、-COOC1-6烷基；
在本发明的一些实施方案中，所述Rc选自卤素、羟基、C3-12环烷基、3-12元杂环基、5-12元杂芳基。
在本发明的一些实施方案中，所述3-20元杂环基可以为含氮杂环基、含氧杂环基等，例如为哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、二噁烷基等。
在本发明的一些实施方案中，可以为无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：C3-10单环烷基、C3-10单环烯基、氧杂C2-10单环烷基、氮杂C2-10单环烷基、螺环C6-16烷基，氧杂螺环C6-16烷基；例如螺环己烷基、螺环庚烷基、螺环辛烷基、螺环壬烷基、螺环癸烷基、氮杂环戊烷、氮杂环己烷、氮杂环庚烷、氧杂螺环己烷基、氧杂螺环庚烷基、氧杂螺环辛烷基、氧杂螺环壬烷基、氧杂螺环癸烷基。
在本发明的一些实施方案中，可以为无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环己烯基、螺[2.3]己烷基、1,3-二氧杂环己烷基、氮杂环己烷、1,4-二氧螺环[4,5]癸烷基；
在本发明的一些实施方案中，Rb选自氘代、F、Cl、Br、I、＝O、羟基、氨基、叔丁氧羰基、-S(O)2CH3、-COOC(CH3)3、-N(C2H5)2、-N(CH3)2、
在本发明的一些实施方案中，R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C1-3烷基或氘代C1-3烷基，例如甲基或氘代甲基；
在本发明的一些实施方案中，式I所示化合物具有如下所示结构：
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4具有如上所述定义；
R5为卤素；R6为羟基、氨基、无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下基团：C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基、-NHC1-12烷基、-N(C1-12烷基)2、-NHCOC1-12烷基、-CONHC1-12烷基、-NHC3-20环烷基、-S(O)2C1-12烷基、-COOC1-12烷基；
在本发明的一些实施方案中，代表被＝O、卤素、或-N(C2H5)2取代的环己基。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，代表被＝O或卤素取代的环己基，例如
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中，式Ⅰ所示化合物选自如下：
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中，式Ⅰ所示的化合物选自如下：
在本发明的一些优选实施方案中，式Ⅰ所示的化合物选自如下：
如果本发明的化合物可以以互变异构体的形式存在，则本发明包括所有的互变异构体形式。
本发明的化合物可以以立体异构的形式(对映异构体，非对映异构体)存在。因此，本发明包括对映异构体或非对映异构体和它们各自的混合物。从这种对映异构体和/或非对映异构体的混合物，可以以已知的方式分离立体异构的均一组分。
在本发明的一些实施方案中，式Ⅰ所示的化合物药学上可接受的盐为其盐酸盐，例如为化合物12，化合物14，化合物16，化合物18，化合物19及化合物23的盐酸盐。
本发明还提供上述式Ⅰ所述化合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
其中，R1-R4、Rb具有如上所述的定义，n为0-17的整数，m为大于或等于0的整数，X为卤素，例如溴；将式SM-A化合物与式SM-B化合物进行反应，得到式Ⅰ化合物。进一步的，所述式I化合物可以通过常规的化学合成方法，在式I化合物的A环上引入不同的取代基。例如，一些式I化合物可以通过如下方法制备，包括：
将式(I-1)化合物与R5-L反应得到式(I-2)化合物，
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R5具有如上所述定义；L为离去基团。
或者将式(I-1)化合物与R6-L反应得到式(I-3)化合物，
其中，R1、R2、R3、R4、R6具有如上所述定义；L为离去基团。
在一些实施方式中，n为0-9的整数，例如0、1、2、3、4、5。
在一些实施方式中，m为0-10的整数，例如0-5的整数，如0、1、2、3、4。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物，其包括式Ⅰ所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐中的至少一种。
根据本发明，所述药物组合物还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的药物组合物适宜的给药途径包括但不局限于口服、直肠、局部、口腔、肠胃外、肌内、真皮内、静脉内和透皮给药。
根据本发明，所述药物组合物用于口服给药，所述药物组合物可为片剂、丸剂、锭剂、糖衣剂、胶囊剂等。
根据本发明，所述药物组合物用于外用局部给药，所述药物组合物可为软膏剂、乳膏剂、糊剂、酊剂、硬膏剂、凝胶剂、涂膜剂、涂剂、气雾剂、喷雾剂、泡沫剂、微型海绵剂等。
本发明的药物组合物可以采用本领域众所周知的方法制备，如常规的混合法、制粒法、制糖衣药丸法、研磨法、熔融法、乳化法、溶解法等。如，可以通过常规的混合、填充或压片方法来制备固体口服组合物；可以通过常规的溶解、混合搅拌制备得到局部外用制剂。例如，可通过下述方法获得：将活性化合物与固体辅料混合，任选地碾磨所得的混合物，如果需要则加入其它合适的辅料，然后将该混合物加工成颗粒，得到片剂或糖衣剂的核心。适合的辅料包括但不限于：粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、甜味剂或矫味剂等。例如可以通过乳化法来制备乳膏剂，可通过下述方法制备获得：将油脂性和油溶性组分加热融化得到油相，将水溶性组分溶于水中加热得到水相，将水相加入到油相，边加边搅拌至冷凝， 得到软膏剂。适合的辅料包括但不限于：基质、pH调节剂、透皮吸收促进剂。
本发明提供上述式Ⅰ所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐、或者本发明的药物组合物在制备用于治疗、预防或改善雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病的药物中的用途。
根据本发明，所述的雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病的非限制性实例是：雄性激素相关炎症，包括创伤(本发明化合物能够帮助创伤愈合)、痤疮、异位性皮炎、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和红斑痤疮；肯尼迪病(脊髓和延髓肌萎缩或SBMA)、多谷氨酰胺介导的运动神经元退化；雄性激素相关的癌症，诸如前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、肝细胞癌、肝细胞肝癌、中枢神经系统癌、皮肤癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、食道癌、胃癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌；脱发，包括雄激素性脱发；粉刺；及多毛症。
本发明还提供一种治疗、预防或改善雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病的方法，其包括向有需要的个体给予预防或治疗有效量的本发明的式Ⅰ所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐、或者本发明的药物组合物。
根据本发明，所述的雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病的非限制性实例是：雄性激素相关炎症，包括创伤(本发明化合物能够帮助创伤愈合)、痤疮、异位性皮炎、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和红斑痤疮；多谷氨酰胺介导的运动神经元退化，肯尼迪病(脊髓和延髓肌萎缩或SBMA)；雄性激素相关的癌症，诸如前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、肝细胞癌、肝细胞肝癌、中枢神经系统癌、皮肤癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、食道癌、胃癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌；脱发，包括雄激素性脱发；粉刺；及多毛症。
本文所述的式Ⅰ所示化合物的所有施用方法中，每天给药的剂量为0.01到200mg/kg体重。
根据本发明，可调整给药方案以提供最佳所需响应。例如，可给药单次口服，可随时间给药数个分剂量，或可如治疗情况的急需所表明而按比例减少或增加剂量。要注意，剂量值可随要减轻的病况的类型及严重性而变化，且可包括单次或多次剂量。要进一步理解，对于任何特定个体，具体的给药方案应根据个体需要及给药组合物或监督组合物的给药的人员的专业判断来随时间调整。
定义和说明
除非另外说明，本发明所使用的所有科技术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。本发明涉及的所有专利和公开出版物通过引用方式整体并入本发明。
除非另外说明，应当应用本文所使用的下列定义。当本文出现商品名时，旨在指代其对 应的商品或其活性成分。
本文所用的术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”、“含有”或“涉及”及其在本文中的其它变体形式为包含性的(inclusive)或开放式的，且不排除其它未列举的元素或方法步骤。
在本文中，术语“任选(的/地)”表示所述特征存在或不存在这两种情形，这意味着随后所描述的事件可以但不必然发生，因此包括该事件发生或不发生的两类情形。例如，“任选被烷基取代的杂环基团”意味着该烷基可以但不必然存在，因此包括被烷基取代的杂环基团和没有被烷基取代的杂环基团的情形。
在本文中，术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴和/或碘。相应地，术语“卤代”是指氟代、氯代、溴代和/或碘代。在本文的范围内，在原子、残基、基团或部分被卤代时，卤代位置的原子可以被卤素原子单取代、二取代或多取代直至全取代。
本申请中，“*”处表示连接位点。
术语“C1-12烷基”应理解为表示具有1～12个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基，优选为C1- 6烷基。“C1-6烷基”应理解为优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5、或6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。所述烷基是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、新戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基或1,2-二甲基丁基等或它们的异构体。特别地，所述基团具有1、2或3个碳原子(“C1-3烷基”)，例如甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基。
术语“C3-20环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其具有3～20个碳原子，优选“C3-12环烷基”。术语“C3-12环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其具有3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个碳原子。所述C3-12环烷基可以是单环烃基，如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基或环癸基，或者是双环烃基如十氢化萘环。
术语“C4-20环烯基”应理解为表示不饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其具有4～20个碳原子，且至少含有1个不饱和双键，例如1、2或3个不饱和双键。优选“C4-12环烯基”。术语“C4-12环烯基”应理解为表示不饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其具有4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个碳原子和1、2或3个不饱和双键。所述C4-12环烷基例如为环己烯基。
术语“3-20元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子，优选“3-12元杂环基”。术语“3-12元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环或双环烃环，其包 含1-5个，优选1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子。所述杂环基可以通过所述碳原子中的任一个或氮原子(如果存在的话)与分子的其余部分连接。特别地，所述杂环基可以包括但不限于：4元环，如氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基；5元环，如四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊烯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基；或6元环，如四氢吡喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基或三噻烷基；或7元环，如二氮杂环庚烷基。任选地，所述杂环基可以是苯并稠合的。所述杂环基可以是双环的，例如但不限于5,5元环，如六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基环，或者5,6元双环，如六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基环。含氮原子的环可以是部分不饱和的，即它可以包含一个或多个双键，例如但不限于2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、4H-[1,3,4]噻二嗪基、4,5-二氢噁唑基或4H-[1,4]噻嗪基，或者，它可以是苯并稠合的，例如但不限于二氢异喹啉基。根据本发明，所述杂环基是无芳香性的。
术语“C3-20环烷基与C3-20环烷基构成的螺环”中C3-20环烷基定义同上文，其是指2个C3-20环烷基以共用1个碳原子的方式所构成的螺环。
术语“C3-20环烷基与3-20元杂环基构成的螺环”中C3-20环烷基和3-20元杂环基的定义同上文，其是指1个C3-20环烷基与1个3-20元杂环基以共用1个碳原子的方式所构成的螺环。
术语“3-20元杂环基与3-20元杂环基构成的螺环”中3-20元杂环基的定义同上文，其是指2个3-20元杂环基以共用1个碳原子的方式所构成的螺环。
术语“5-20元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系：其具有5～20个环原子且包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子，例如“5-12元杂芳基”。术语“5-12元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系：其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12个环原子，特别是5或6或9或10个碳原子，且其包含1-5个，优选1-3各独立选自N、O和S的杂原子并且，另外在每一种情况下可为苯并稠合的。特别地，杂芳基选自噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、噁唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻-4H-吡唑基等以及它们的苯并衍生物，例如苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基等；或吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基等，以及它们的苯并衍生物，例如喹啉基、喹唑啉基、异喹啉基等；或吖辛因基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基等以及它们的苯并衍生物；或噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基等。
术语“预防或治疗”意为将本发明所述化合物或制剂进行给药以预防、改善或消除疾病或与所述疾病相关的一个或多个症状，且包括：
(i)预防疾病或疾病状态在哺乳动物中出现，特别是当这类哺乳动物易患有该疾病状态，但尚未被诊断为已患有该疾病状态时；
(ii)抑制疾病或疾病状态，即遏制其发展；
(iii)缓解疾病或疾病状态，即使该疾病或疾病状态消退。
术语“治疗有效量”意指(i)治疗或预防特定疾病、病况或障碍，(ii)减轻、改善或消除特定疾病、病况或障碍的一种或多种症状，或(iii)预防或延迟本文中所述的特定疾病、病况或障碍的一种或多种症状发作的本发明化合物的用量。构成“治疗有效量”的本发明化合物的量取决于该化合物、疾病状态及其严重性、给药方式以及待被治疗的哺乳动物的年龄而改变，但可例行性地由本领域技术人员根据其自身的知识及本公开内容而确定。
术语“药学上可接受的”，是针对那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型而言，它们在可靠的医学判断的范围之内，适用于与人类和动物的组织接触使用，而没有过多的毒性、刺激性、过敏性反应或其它问题或并发症，与合理的利益/风险比相称。
本发明的化合物的药学可接受的盐包括其与药学可接受的酸形成的盐以及其与药学可接受的碱形成的盐。
本文所用的术语“药学可接受的酸”是指可药用的酸，例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、碳酸、甲酸、乙酸、乙酰乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、丙酮酸、丁酸、己酸、庚酸、十一烷酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、草酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、羟乙基磺酸、1,5-萘二磺酸、2-萘磺酸、樟脑磺酸、氨基磺酸、乳酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、马来酸、富马酸、乳酸、酒石酸、枸橼酸、苹果酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、肉桂酸、萘甲酸、扑酸、烟酸、乳清酸、甲基硫酸、十二烷基硫酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸或其任意组合。
本文所用的术语“药学可接受的碱”是指可药用的碱，例如无机碱(碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物等)或有机碱(例如胺(伯胺、仲胺或叔胺)等)。适合的盐的实例包括但不限于得自氨基酸、氨、伯胺、仲胺和叔胺以及环胺的有机盐(例如二乙胺盐、哌啶盐、吗啉盐、哌嗪盐、胆碱盐、葡甲胺盐、氨丁三醇盐等)，以及得自钠、钙、钾、镁、锰、铁、铜、锌、铝和锂的无机盐。
术语“溶剂化物”是本发明的化合物其以固体或液体的状态通过与溶剂分子的配位作用形成配合物。水合物是溶剂化物的特定形式，其中配位作用是与水进行。
术语“药物组合物”是指一种或多种本发明的化合物或其盐与药学上可接受的辅料组成的混合物。药物组合物的目的是有利于对有机体给予本发明的化合物。
本发明的化合物被配制成片剂、丸剂、锭剂、糖衣剂、胶囊剂等，用于对患者的口服给药。本发明的化合物还可以配制成软膏剂、乳膏剂、糊剂、酊剂、硬膏剂、凝胶剂、涂膜剂、涂剂、气雾剂、喷雾剂、泡沫剂、微型海绵剂等，用于对患者的局部外用给药。
术语“药学上可接受的辅料”是指对有机体无明显刺激作用，而且不会损害该活性化合物的生物活性及性能的那些辅料。合适的辅料是本领域技术人员熟知的，例如碳水化合物、蜡、水溶性和/或水可膨胀的聚合物、亲水性或疏水性材料、明胶、油、溶剂、水等。
本申请的药物组合物可通过将本申请的化合物与适宜的药学上可接受的辅料组合而制备，例如可配制成固态、半固态、液态或气态制剂，如片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、栓剂、注射剂、吸入剂、凝胶剂、微球及气溶胶等。
给予本申请化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物的典型途径包括但不限于口服、直肠、局部、吸入、肠胃外、舌下、阴道内、鼻内、眼内、腹膜内、肌内、皮下、静脉内给药，口服给药相对于静脉内给药具有更好的患者依从性。
本申请的药物组合物可以采用本领域众所周知的方法制造，如常规的混合法、溶解法、制粒法、制糖衣药丸法、磨细法、乳化法、冷冻干燥法等。
在一些实施方案中，药物组合物是口服形式。对于口服给药，可以通过将活性化合物与本领域熟知的药学上可接受的辅料混合，来配制该药物组合物。这些辅料能使本申请的化合物被配制成片剂、丸剂、锭剂、糖衣剂、胶囊剂、液体、凝胶剂、浆剂、悬浮剂等，用于对患者的口服给药。可以通过常规的混合、填充或压片方法来制备固体口服组合物。例如，可通过下述方法获得：将所述的活性化合物与固体辅料混合，任选地碾磨所得的混合物，如果需要则加入其它合适的辅料，然后将该混合物加工成颗粒，得到了片剂或糖衣剂的核心。适合的辅料包括但不限于：粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、甜味剂或矫味剂等。
本发明药物组合物还可适用于局部给药，如合适的单位剂型的乳膏剂、凝胶剂、泡沫剂或酊剂等。可以通过常规的溶解、混合搅拌制备得到局部外用制剂。例如可以通过乳化法来制备乳膏剂，可通过下述方法制备获得：将油脂性和油溶性组分加热融化得到油相，将水溶性组分溶于水中加热得到水相，将水相加入到油相，边加边搅拌至冷凝，得到软膏剂。适合的辅料包括但不限于：基质、pH调节剂、透皮吸收促进剂。
术语“雄激素”是指男性激素荷尔蒙如睾丸激素和二氢睾酮(DHT)。DHT是睾丸激素经5-α-还原酶转化的产品。雄激素通过结合到雄激素受体上，接着再结合到雄激素/AR-控制的基因(DNA)上来刺激或控制脊椎动物的男性特征和其他生理机能的发育和维持并活化或调节基因。
术语“雄激素受体”或“AR”是指具体结合雄激素包括睾丸激素和二氢睾酮(DHT)的细胞内受体。AR包括所有哺乳动物的雄激素受体同构体、结合变体和多晶型。
人术语“雄激素源性脱发”是指与体内雄激素水平相关的脱发症状和病症。普遍认为雄激素源性脱发是因毛囊或周围组织对雄激素的敏感性所致，该敏感性是遗传因素所致并且往往在家族中传递。雄激素源性脱发在男性中与几种其他医学病症关联，所述医学病症包括冠状动脉性心脏病和前列腺肿大、前列腺癌、胰岛素耐受病症(如糖尿病和肥胖症)和高血压。在女性中，脱发可以与提高的多囊性卵巢综合征(PCOS)风险关联。PCOS以可以导致月经失调、痤疮、过多体毛(多毛症)和体重增加的激素失衡为特征。脱发在女性中往往与雄激素堆积或雄激素的量增加有关。雄激素源性脱发是男性中脱发的最常见形式，这种病症一般也称作雄性类型秃顶。头发以清晰可辨的形式丢失，在两侧太阳穴上开始。随时间推移，发际线退缩以形成典型的“M”形状。头发还在头顶部变薄，往往发展成局部或完全秃顶。在女性中的表现形式为，头发在头部各处变得更薄，并且发际线不退缩。女性中雄激素源性脱发症很少导致完全秃顶。
术语“抗AR活性”是指本发明化合物在人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中降低AR表达的能力，本发明中用AR降低百分数(％)来表示本发明化合物降低AR表达的能力。AR表达降低的越多说明该化合物的抗AR活性越强，即AR降低百分数(％)的数值越大说明抗AR活性越强。AR降低百分数(％)的计算公式为:AR降低百分数(％)＝(DHT组AR/GAPDH值-测试化合物组AR/GAPDH值)/DHT组AR/GAPDH值×100％。
如本文所使用的“个体”包括人或非人动物。示例性人个体包括患有疾病(例如本文所述的疾病)的人个体(称为患者)或正常个体。本发明中“非人动物”包括所有脊椎动物，例如非哺乳动物(例如鸟类、两栖动物、爬行动物)和哺乳动物，例如非人灵长类、家畜和/或驯化动物(例如绵羊、犬、猫、奶牛、猪等)。
有益效果
本发明提供一种式Ⅰ所示的姜黄素衍生物，其具有良好的前列腺肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性和抗AR活性。并且本发明的姜黄素衍生物具有良好的体内代谢性质，AUC和Cmax均较高，成药性良好，能够用于预防和/或治疗雄性激素相关障碍的疾病。另外本发明的姜黄素衍生物还具有良好的毛发生长促进作用，其能有效地增加毛囊的数量和毛发生长的长度。
附图说明
图1不同浓度的本发明化合物对LNCaP细胞中AR蛋白表达减少的蛋白质印迹图像；
图2口服给予本发明化合物后雄性大鼠血浆中各化合物的药代动力学曲线；
图3试验第18天时，测试例4促毛发生长试验中各组小鼠的毛发生长照片及皮肤组织的代表性HE染色病理图。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的通式化合物及其制备方法和应用做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解，下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
本发明的中间体化合物可以通过本领域技术人员所熟知的多种合成方法来制备，包括下面列举的具体实施方式、其与其他化学合成方法的结合所形成的实施方式以及本领域技术上人员所熟知的等同替换方式，优选的实施方式包括但不限于本发明的实施例。
本发明具体实施方式的化学反应是在合适的溶剂中完成的，所述的溶剂须适合于本发明的化学变化及其所需的试剂和物料。为了获得本发明的化合物，有时需要本领域技术人员在已有实施方式的基础上对合成步骤或者反应流程进行修改或选择。
下面会通过实施例具体描述本发明，这些实施例并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，通常按照常规条件，或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另有说明，否则百分比和份数按重量计算，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
本发明采用下述缩略词：DHT代表二氢睾酮；克拉考特酮(购自南京康满林化工实业有限公司)，其是已上市化学药物，目标适应症有雄激素性脱发、痤疮等，其作用机制：竞争性抑制DHT与AR的结合，从而达到抗雄激素的作用；二甲基姜黄素(购自南京康满林化工实业有限公司)；原料A的结构式为(购自南京康满林化工实业有限公司)；原料B的结构式为原料C的结构式为原料D的结构式为(原料B～D均购自南京基明生物医药有限公司)。
实施例1化合物1的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料A(408mg，1.00mmol，1.0eq)，1,2-二溴乙烷(225mg，1.20mmol)，Cs2CO3(814mg，2.5mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体39mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.53(d,J＝15.8Hz,2H),7.30(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),7.24(dd,J＝8.4,2.1Hz,2H),6.97(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.94(d,J＝15.7Hz,2H),1.54(brs,4H).MS m/z:435.14[M+H]+.
实施例2化合物2的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料A(408mg，1.00mmol，1.0eq)，1,3-二溴丙烷(242mg，1.20mmol)，Cs2CO3(814mg，2.5mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体90mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J＝15.6Hz,1H),7.33(d,J＝15.8Hz,1H),7.20–6.91(m,6H),6.84(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H),6.79(d,J＝8.2Hz,1H),4.36–4.06(m,2H),2.76–2.46(m,2H),2.12–1.83(m,2H).MS m/z:449.22[M+H]+.
实施例3化合物3的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料A(408mg，1.00mmol，1.0eq)，1,4-二溴丁烷(260mg，1.20mmol)，Cs2CO3(814mg，2.5mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体87mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.55(d,J＝15.6Hz,2H),7.32–7.18(m,4H),6.96(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.81(d,J＝15.7Hz,2H),2.31–2.15(m,4H),1.67–1.50(m,4H).MS m/z:463.20[M+H]+.
实施例4化合物4的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料A(408mg，1.00mmol，1.0eq)，1,4-二溴戊烷(277mg，1.20mmol)，Cs2CO3(814mg，2.5mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)，得淡黄色固体92mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.56(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),7.37–7.18(m,4H),7.03(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),6.96(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),2.21–1.96(m,4H),1.60–1.28(m,6H).MS m/z:477.23[M+H]+.
实施例5化合物5的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(500mg，1.26mmol，1.0eq)，1,1-双-溴甲基环丙烷(340mg，1.50mmol)，Cs2CO3(1.00g，3.11mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体20mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.20(d,J＝15.8Hz,1H),7.56(d,J＝15.6Hz,1H),7.33(d,J＝16.1Hz,1H),7.24–6.79(m,6H),6.72(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.92(s,12H),1.63(brs,4H),0.70(brs,4H).MS m/z:463.16[M+H]+.
实施例6化合物6的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料A(408mg，1.00mmol，1.0eq)，氘代二溴乙烷(230mg，1.20mmol)，Cs2CO3(814mg，2.5mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体30mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(d,J＝15.8Hz,2H),7.12(dd,J＝8.3,2.1Hz,2H),7.00(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.83(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.79(d,J＝15.7Hz,2H).MS m/z:439.18[M+H]+.
实施例7化合物7的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(10.0g，25.22mmol，1.0eq)，1,5-二氯戊酮(3.91g，25.22mmol)，KBr(12.01g，100.9mmol)，K2CO3(10.46g，75.67mmol)和DMF(300mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(700mL)和乙酸乙酯(400mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(400mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得黄色泡沫状固体物3.6g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)7.75(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),7.15(dd,J＝8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.02(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.85(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),6.74(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.91(s,12H),2.56–2.40(m,8H).MS m/z:479.29[M+H]+.
实施例8化合物8的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(2.0g，4.18mmol)，二氯甲烷(20mL)，和1滴氢氟酸吡啶。搅拌降温至0℃，一次性加入4-叔丁基-2,6-二甲基苯基三氟化硫(2.1g，8.36mmol)，10-15℃下反应6h。反应液水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥后，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得粗产物，HPLC制备(乙腈/水10:90-80:20)得150mg淡黄色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.14(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),7.09–6.96(m,2H),6.85(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),6.72(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.91(s,12H),2.45–2.18(m,4H),2.12–1.91(m,4H).19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-97.28.MS m/z:501.27[M+H]+.
实施例9化合物9的合成
步骤(1)中间体9-1的合成
向反应瓶中依次加入二甲基姜黄素(2.00g,5.0mmol)和四氢呋喃(16mL)，搅拌溶解。控制反应温度在-1～0℃之间，依次加入甲醛水溶液(37～40％,860mg,10.6mmol)和催化量1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(93mg)。随后在0～10℃下反应1～2小时，室温旋蒸浓缩。柱层析(MeOH/CH2Cl2 1:100-1:50)得黄色固体900mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.73(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.15(dd,J＝8.3,2.1Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝2.1Hz,2H),6.84(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),6.73(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),4.34(d,J＝8.0Hz,4H),3.90(s,12H),2.97(t,J＝8.0Hz,2H).
步骤(2)化合物9的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入中间体9-1(300mg，0.65mmol)，二氯甲烷(7mL)和吡啶(156mg，1.97mmol)搅拌降温至-70℃。滴加二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯(97mg，0.33mmol)的二氯甲烷(1mL)溶液，-70℃下反应2h。反应液水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥后，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得210mg淡黄色固体。MS m/z:483.35[M+H]+.
实施例10化合物10的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(500mg，1.26mmol，1.0eq)，1,5-二溴戊烷(435mg，1.89mmol)，K2CO3(523mg，3.78mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。合并有机相，用饱和食盐水洗去DMF。无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得黄色泡沫状固体物150mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),7.12(dd,J＝8.3,1.9Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.83(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.75(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.90(s,12H),2.17–2.02(m,4H),1.66–1.53(m,4H),1.50–1.37(m,2H).MS m/z:465.31[M+H]+.
实施例11化合物11的合成
向反应瓶中加入化合物7(500mg，1.04mmol)，乙二醇(324mg，5.22mmol)，乙腈(5mL)和草酸(94mg，1.04mmol)，25℃下搅拌20h。反应完成后反应液用50mL乙酸乙酯稀释，饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗，硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体420mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),7.12(dd,J＝8.3,2.0Hz,2H),7.00(d,J＝1.9Hz,2H),6.82(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),6.75(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.93(s,4H),3.89(s,12H),2.36–2.22(m,4H),1.82–1.68(m,4H).MS m/z:523.33[M+H]+.
实施例12化合物12及其盐酸盐的合成
向反应瓶中加入化合物7(200mg，0.4mmol)，醋酸(25mg，0.4mmol)，1,2-二氯乙烷(1.5mL)和吗啡啉(36g，0.4mmol)。一次性加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(106mg，0.5mmol)，25℃下搅拌7h。反应液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗。硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1:1)得淡黄色固体30mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)7.68(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.66(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.16–7.09(m,2H),7.03–6.98(m,2H),6.83(dd,J＝8.4,3.1Hz,2H),6.75(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),6.69(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.90(s,12H),3.88–3.72(m,4H),2.87–2.40(m,7H),2.10–1.45(m,6H).MS m/z:550.48[M+H]+.
化合物12盐酸盐的合成：
向反应瓶中加入化合物12(200mg)，甲醇(0.5mL)和乙酸乙酯(5mL)，搅拌溶解。加入盐酸乙酸乙酯(1mol/L，0.5mL)，过滤、真空干燥得淡黄色固体120mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ12.96(brs,1H),7.72(d,J＝15.2Hz,1H),7.69(d,J＝15.3Hz,1H),7.17–7.10(m,2H),7.03–6.96(m,2H),6.84(dd,J＝8.4,3.5Hz,2H),6.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.62(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),4.56–4.29(m,2H),4.05–3.80(m,2H),3.91(s,12H),3.34–2.88(m,5H),2.83–2.68(m,2H),2.43–2.27(m,2H),1.91–1.69(m,4H).MS m/z:550.48[M+H]+.
实施例13化合物13的合成
向反应瓶中加入化合物7(200mg，0.4mmol)，醋酸(25mg，0.4mmol)，1,2-二氯乙烷(5mL)。一次性加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(106mg，0.5mmol)，25℃下搅拌5h。反应液用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗。硫酸钠干燥，浓缩。TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯2:1)得淡黄色固体20mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.66(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.17–7.10(m,2H),7.03–6.99(m,2H),6.83(dd,J＝8.3,2.6Hz,2H),6.76(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.73(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.90(s,12H),3.79–3.69(m,1H),2.00–1.86(m,4H),1.72–1.50(m,4H).MS m/z:481.24[M+H]+.
实施例14化合物14及其盐酸盐的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(300mg，0.63mmol)、三氟乙酸铵(160mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)。25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)。室温下反应5h，加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)。分液，有机相用纯化水洗。硫酸钠干燥、浓缩得黄色油状物。HPLC制备(乙腈/水10:90-80:20)得黄色固体化合物14(MS m/z:480.26.[M+H]+)。加入乙酸乙酯(7mL)和甲醇(0.1mL)，室温下搅拌溶解，滴加盐酸乙酸乙酯(0.5N/1.2mL)。过滤、40℃真空干燥，得黄色固体化合物14盐酸盐20mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.39(brs,3H),7.68(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.66(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.18–7.06(m,2H),7.05–6.95(m,2H),6.83(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),6.79(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),6.73(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),6.68(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.89(s,6H),3.88(s,3H),3.87(s,3H),3.32–3.10(m,1H),2.77–2.52(m,2H),2.31–2.06(m,2H),1.99–1.53(m,4H).MS m/z:480.26.[M+H]+。
实施例15化合物16及其盐酸盐的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(300mg，0.63mmol)、二乙胺(9mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)。25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)。室温下反应5h，加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)。分液，有机相用纯化水洗。硫酸钠干燥、浓缩得黄色油状物化合物，经TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1:1)得淡黄色固体化合物16(MS m/z:536.44[M+H]+)。加入乙酸乙酯(12mL)和甲醇(0.2mL)，室温下搅拌溶解，滴加盐酸乙酸乙酯(0.5N/1.2mL)。过滤、40℃真空干燥，得黄色固体160mg，为化合物16的盐酸盐。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.95(brs,1H),7.72(d,J＝15.1Hz,1H),7.69(d,J＝14.8Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J＝8.3,1.9Hz,2H),7.04–6.96(m,2H),6.85(dd,J＝8.4,2.7Hz,2H),6.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),3.91(s,12H),3.42–3.22(m,1H),3.18–2.96(m,4H),2.82–2.66(m,2H),2.37–2.22(m,2H),1.92–1.67(m,4H),1.51(t,J＝7.2Hz,6H).MS m/z:536.44[M+H]+。
实施例16化合物18的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(300mg，0.63mmol)、3,3-二氟环丁基胺盐酸盐(200mg，1.25mmol)、三乙胺(130mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)。25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)。室温下反应2h，加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)。分液，有机相用纯化水洗。无水硫酸钠干燥、浓缩。TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1:1)得淡黄色固体6mg化合物18。MS m/z:584.50[M+H]+。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.65(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),7.17–7.06(m,2H),7.01(d,J＝2.0Hz,1H),7.00(d,J＝2.0Hz,1H),6.83(dd,J＝8.4,3.4Hz,2H),6.76(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),6.70(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.90(s,12H),2.72–2.56(m,2H),2.50–2.36(m,1H),2.06–1.88(m,4H),1.80–1.41(m,10H).
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-97.80.
实施例17化合物19及其盐酸盐的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(300mg，0.63mmol)、哌啶(110mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)。25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)。室温下反应3h，加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)。分液，有机相用纯化水洗。硫酸钠干燥、浓缩得黄色油状物化合物，TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1:1)得淡黄色固体化合物19(MS m/z:548.45[M+H]+)。加入乙酸乙酯(12mL)和甲醇(0.2mL)，室温下搅拌溶解，滴加盐酸乙酸乙酯(0.5N/1.2mL)。过滤、40℃真空干燥，得黄色固体化合物19盐酸盐120mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.95(brs,1H),7.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.68(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J＝8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.05–6.96(m,2H),6.84(dd,J＝8.4,3.3Hz,2H),6.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),3.91(s,12H),3.45–3.28(m,2H),3.17–3.03(m,1H),2.86–2.62(m,4H),2.56–2.29(m,4H),2.00–1.52(m,8H).MS m/z:548.45[M+H]+。
实施例18化合物22的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入化合物7(1.00g，2.09mmol)和二氯甲烷(20mL)。0℃下搅拌10分钟，滴加二乙胺基三氟化硫(0.40g，2.51mmol)。随后室温反应过夜，加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液。分液，水相用二氯甲烷萃取，浓缩后柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得320mg粗产物。HPLC制备(乙腈/水10:90-80:20)得淡黄色固体0.10g。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.704(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.138(dd,J＝8.3,1.9Hz,2H),7.013(d,J＝1.9Hz,2H),6.842(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.727(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),5.326–5.169(m,1H),3.910(s,6H),3.904(s,6H),2.822–2.606(m,2H),2.469–2.352(m,2H),2.317–2.198(m,2H).19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-102.82.MS m/z:481.99[M+H]+。
实施例19化合物23及其盐酸盐的合成
氮气保护下，向50mL反应瓶中加入化合物7(300mg，0.63mmol)、3,3-二氟环丁基胺盐酸盐(180mg，1.25mmol)、三乙胺(130mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)。25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)，室温下反应2h。加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)，分液，有机相用纯化水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩得黄色油状物化合物23(MS m/z:570.43[M+H]+)。加入乙酸乙酯(15mL)和甲醇(0.3mL)，室温下搅拌溶解，滴加盐酸乙酸乙酯(0.5N/1.2mL)。过滤、40℃真空干燥，得黄色固体化合物23盐酸盐120mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.26(brs,2H),7.71(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.67(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),7.18–7.06(m,2H),7.03–6.97(m,2H),6.82(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),6.79(d,J＝8.4Hz,1H),6.74(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.69(d,J＝15.5Hz,1H),3.88(s,12H),3.66–3.50(m,1H),3.41–3.22(m,2H),3.13–2.88(m,3H),2.81–2.60(m,2H),2.28–2.13(m,2H),1.94–1.73(m,4H).MS m/z:570.43[M+H]+。
实施例20化合物24的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(500mg，1.26mmol)，二溴乙基甲磺酰胺(460mg，1.50mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体20mg。MS m/z:544.42[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.72(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.15(dd,J＝8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.85(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.69(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.91(s,12H),3.36–3.27(m,4H),2.76(s,3H),2.42–2.28(m,4H).
实施例21化合物25的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(500mg，1.26mmol)，双(2-溴乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯(500mg，1.50mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体90mg。
MS m/z:566.47[M+H]+.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.69(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.13(dd,J＝8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.00(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.83(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),6.70(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),3.90(s,12H),3.54–3.26(m,4H),2.30–2.10(m,4H),1.44(s,9H).
实施例22化合物26的合成
向反应瓶中加入二甲基姜黄素(500mg，1.26mmol)，二溴乙基环丙烷(390mg，1.52mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体50mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.69(s,2H),7.13(dd,J＝8.3,1.9Hz,2H),7.01(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.83(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.77(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),3.90(s,12H),2.26–2.13(m,4H),1.45–1.37(m,4H),0.25(s,4H).MS m/z:491.42[M+H]+.
实施例23化合物27的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料B(500mg，1.25mmol)，1,5-二溴-3,3-二氟戊烷(317mg，1.2mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入 水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体30mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.707(d,J＝15.5Hz,2H),7.139(dd,J＝8.3,2.0Hz,2H),7.009(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.840(dd,J＝8.4,2.4Hz,2H),6.722(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.907(s,6H),3.903(s,3H),2.38–2.27(m,4H),2.12–1.85(m,4H).MS m/z:504.44[M+H]+.
实施例24化合物28的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料C(500mg，1.24mmol)，1,5-二溴-3,3-二氟戊烷(317mg，1.2mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体35mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.709(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.140(dd,J＝8.3,2.0Hz,2H),7.027–6.982(m,2H),6.843(dd,J＝8.4,2.5Hz,2H),6.722(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.910(s,3H),3.907(s,3H),2.372–2.227(m,4H),2.116–1.949(m,4H).MS m/z:507.46[M+H]+.
实施例25化合物29的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料D(500mg，1.24mmol)，1,5-二溴-3,3-二氟戊烷(317mg，1.2mmol)，K2CO3(520mg，3.76mmol)和DMF(15mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(50mL)和乙酸乙酯(20mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(20mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得淡黄色固体25mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.704(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),7.136(dd,J＝8.4,2.0Hz,2H),7.007(d,J＝2.0Hz,2H),6.834(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),6.720(d,J＝15.4Hz,2H),3.904(s,6H),2.366–2.227(m,4H),2.117–1.939(m,4H).MS m/z:507.51[M+H]+.
实施例26化合物30及其盐酸盐的合成
步骤1中间体30-1的合成
向反应瓶中加入原料D(1.0g，2.50mmol，1.0eq)，1,5-二氯戊酮(0.391g，2.52mmol)，KBr(1.20g，10.1mmol)，K2CO3(1.05g，7.57mmol)和DMF(30mL)，50℃下搅拌20小时。反应完成后加入水(70mL)和乙酸乙酯(40mL)，分液，水相用乙酸乙酯(400mL)萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗去DMF，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩，柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯10:1-2:1)得黄色固体600mg。
步骤2化合物30及其盐酸盐的合成
氮气保护下，向反应瓶中加入中间体30-1(300mg，0.62mmol)、二乙胺(9mg，1.25mmol)和四氢呋喃(10mL)，25℃下搅拌30分钟，随后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(270mg，1.25mmol)，室温下反应5h。加入乙酸乙酯(30mL)和稀盐酸(0.2N/30mL)，分液，有机相用纯化水洗，硫酸钠干燥、浓缩得黄色油状物化合物，TLC制备(石油醚/乙酸乙酯1:1)得淡黄色固体化合物30(MS m/z:542.57[M+H]+)。加入乙酸乙酯(12mL)和甲醇(0.2mL)，室温下搅拌溶解，滴加盐酸乙酸乙酯(0.5N/1.2mL)。过滤、40℃真空干燥，得黄色固体化合物30的盐酸盐60mg。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.83(brs,1H),7.77–7.60(m,2H),7.14(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.01(dd,J＝4.2,1.8Hz,2H),6.84(dd,J＝8.3,2.7Hz,2H),6.72(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),6.63(d,J＝15.4Hz,1H),3.91(s,6H),3.37–3.20(m,1H),3.17–2.88(m,4H),2.82–2.63(m,2H),2.37–2.19(m,2H),1.91–1.63(m,4H),1.56–1.37(m,6H).MS m/z:542.57[M+H]+.
测试例1本发明化合物对人前列腺癌细胞的细胞活力抑制试验
人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP和人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl存在于前列腺癌患者体内，雄激素DHT能够促进人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP的生长，使用上述细胞模型的目的是研究在DHT存在或不存在的情况下本发明化合物对人前列腺癌细胞(人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP和人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl)生长的抑制作用。
试验材料：测试化合物(通过本发明方法制备获得)、人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP(美国模式 培养物集存库(ATCC)，Cat No：CRL-1740)、人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl(美国模式培养物集存库(ATCC)，Cat No：CRL-2505)、RPMI 1640培养基(英杰(Invitrogen)公司；Cat.No.11875119)、胎牛血清(Certified FBS Charcoal Stripped，Biolohivsl Industries公司，Cat.No.04-204-1A)、青链霉素混合液(索莱宝；Cat No：P1400)、CellTiter-Glo(CTG)试剂(普洛麦格(Promega),Cat#G7573)。
试验方法：将处于指数生长期的人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP、人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl置于显微镜下，观察细胞生长状态良好。弃去培养皿中的培养基，加入5mL胰蛋白酶消化约3min。加入10mL新鲜培养基终止消化，充分吹散细胞并移至15mL离心管中，以1000rpm离心5min收集细胞。将离心收集的细胞重悬于11mL新鲜培养基中，取1mL计数并检测细胞活力。加入适量培养基调整细胞密度至1×104个/mL，以200μL/孔种于96孔板中并置于细胞孵箱中孵育过夜。
细胞贴壁后，人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP组在96孔板中加入受试化合物(0.1μM、0.3μM、1μM、3μM、10μM、30μM)和DHT(1nM，诱导AR的表达)继续孵育5天；人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl组在96孔板中加入受试化合物(0.1μM、0.3μM、1μM、3μM、10μM、30μM)继续孵育5天。5天后，从孵箱中取出96孔板并在显微镜下观察细胞状态无异常。将96孔板置于室温条件下平衡30min。
用CTG法检测细胞活性，检测前，解冻Buffer及其底物(统称为CTG试剂)，并平衡至室温。随后将100mL的Buffer与底物轻柔混匀形成均匀溶液以100μL/孔加入96孔板并置于摇床上孵育15min，随后检测各孔的荧光数值。各孔的荧光数值的检测方法为：加入CTG试剂后根据供应商手册使用相应装备的多模式读板仪(M200Pro，瑞士帝肯(TECAN))进行发光检测(积分时间：500ms)以定量抑制剂对细胞活力的影响。对于数据分析，从所有数据点中减去试验背景值，该值在含培养基但没有细胞的孔中测定。使用XLfit软件(XLfit 5.2.,英国的IDBS)进行数据处理并计算各受试化合物的IC50值，本发明典型化合物对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP、人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl细胞的IC50值见下表1。
表1本发明化合物对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP及人前列腺癌细胞22Rvl的抑制活性

“-”表示相关试验未进行。
由上表试验数据可知，本发明化合物具有良好的前列腺癌细胞生长抑制活性，能够有效地抑制前列腺癌细胞的生长。
测试例2本发明化合物对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中AR蛋白表达影响的测试试验
AR是调节前列腺癌细胞对雄激素应答的关键因子，AR也是毛囊或毛囊周围组织对雄激素应答的关键因子，AR含量的降低不仅能下调前列腺癌细胞的生长，还能够抑制雄激素源性脱发。本测试例是测试在DHT存在下本发明化合物对人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中AR蛋白表达减少的影响。使用蛋白质印迹法通过测量AR蛋白减少分析本发明化合物在人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中的抗AR活性。
试验材料：测试化合物(通过本发明方法制备获得)、人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP(美国模式培养物集存库(ATCC)，Cat No：CRL-1740)、RPMI 1640培养基(英杰(Invitrogen)公司；Cat.No.11875119)、胎牛血清(Certified FBS Charcoal Stripped，Biolohivsl Industries公司，Cat.No.04-204-1A)、BCA蛋白质定量试剂盒(Thermo；Cat.No.23225)、彩色预染蛋白质分子量标准Color prestained protein marker，碧云天；Cat.No.P0069)、GAPDH抗体(Millipore； Cat.No.MAB374)、AR抗体(CST；Cat.No.5153)。
试验方法：将人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP以4×105个/mL种于6孔板中，每孔体积为2mL并置于细胞孵箱中孵育过夜。以DMSO、二氢睾酮(DHT，1nM)作为对照组，在二氢睾酮(DHT，1nM)存在下进行试验，用测试化合物培育细胞指定的时间后，根据生化领域中已知的蛋白质印迹技术收集并溶解它们。试验过程中设置DMSO组、DHT组(1nM)、测试化合物组(含1nM的DHT)，分别将DMSO、DHT(1nM的DHT)加入DMSO组、DHT组对应的6孔板，将DHT(1nM)和测试化合物(0.6μM、1.2μM、2.5μM、5μM、10μM)加入测试化合物组对应的6孔板；对照组和测试化合物组孵育48h后收集细胞进行裂解，用BCA试剂盒对蛋白浓度进行定量后保存样本备用。
采用Western Blot蛋白质印迹法测定各组AR蛋白的含量，各组样本的上样量均为30μg。蛋白质印迹分析方法已经在现有技术中公开。具体的，细胞被收集在2x的十二烷基硫酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳荷载缓冲液中或者收集在用10μg/mL的苯甲脒、10μg/mL的胰蛋白酶抑制剂和1mM的苯甲基磺酰氟强化的放射性免疫沉淀反应试验(RIPA)缓冲剂中。来自每个细胞溶解液的总蛋白质的样品(约40μg)通过对SDS/PAGE凝胶的电泳来分离。电泳分离后，遵循标准程序蛋白质从凝胶传送到硝化纤维膜中。然后在补充有0.1％Tween20(PBST)的磷酸缓冲盐水中用10％的无脂奶培育膜1小时，随后于4℃用一级人AR特异性抗体(购自BD-Harlingen)培育整夜。培育后，用PBST缓冲液清洗膜3次，每次10分钟；然后加入碱性磷酸酶共轭二级抗体，并在室温培育1小时。二次培育后，重新用PBST清洗膜，并通过向膜中加入碱性磷酸酶培养基、溴代氯代吲哚基磷酸酯和硝基四唑来使膜中的AR蛋白质信号显现。为了保证分析每个样品中等量的蛋白质，使一部分膜保持有用于管理蛋白质GAPDH(SantaCruz生物技术)的特异性抗体并且用上述第二抗体显示GAPDH信号。蛋白质信号强度(如膜上的色带显示)使用比重计进行测量并通过NIH影像J软件(NIH1.33)分析。归一化每个样品中AR蛋白质信号(相对于GAPDH)，以AR灰度值与GAPDH灰度值的比值来表示数据，具体见附图1。
以上实验测试了本发明的部分化合物在人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中降低AR表达的能力(即抗AR活性)，与DHT组、DMSO组对照在多个浓度上比较各化合物的抗AR活性。以化合物在2.5μM、5μM、10μM浓度下培育48小时(含1nM DHT)的AR降低百分数表示本发明化合物抗AR活性的相对效力，评价指标如下表2：
表2相对效力评价表

AR降低百分数(％)的计算公式为：AR降低百分数(％)＝(DHT组AR/GAPDH值-测试化合物组AR/GAPDH值)/DHT组AR/GAPDH值×100％。
本发明化合物在人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中降低AR表达的能力(即抗AR活性)见表3。表3中的数值是指AR降低百分数(％)，表3中浓度是指测试化合物浓度，表3中相对效力栏中“+”数量越多说明化合物的抗AR活性越好。
表3本发明化合物在人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中的降低AR表达的能力
“-”表示未进行。由于化合物12，16和19的盐酸盐在2.5μmol/L浓度下已表现出优异的相对效力，故在更高浓度下相关试验未进行。
结论：DHT能上调人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中AR蛋白的表达，本发明化合物均能剂量依赖性地抑制人前列腺癌细胞LNCaP中AR蛋白的表达，即本发明化合物具有抗AR活性。综合考量相对效力，本发明化合物特别是化合物7、化合物8、化合物12盐酸盐、化合物16盐酸盐和化合物19盐酸盐具有显著的抗AR活性。
测试例3药代动力学性质研究
本测试例旨在研究SD大鼠单次口服给与本发明各化合物溶液，检测血浆中活性成分浓 度，并评估其在SD大鼠体内药物代谢动力学(PK)特性。
实验材料：雄性SD大鼠(体重180-220g，购自北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司，生产许可证号：SCXK(京)2016-0006)、实验化合物(按本发明实施例方法制备)、纯化水(自制)。
实验方法：将雄性SD大鼠随机分组(每组3只)，试验期间自由饮水，给药前禁食12小时以上，给药后4小时喂食。经口灌胃给药，对各组SD大鼠分别按50mg/kg(以实验化合物量计)的剂量给予实验化合物的0.5％的混悬水溶液(处方包括：0.5％试验化合物、1％CMCNa、0.5％吐温80、98％纯化水)。
给药前0min，给药后5min、15min、30min、1h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h和12h各采集血样至K2EDTA抗凝管中，于冰上暂存至离心。
采血后60min内需离心出血浆(2-8℃条件下，以8000rpm离心5min)，离心后将血浆转移至96孔板或离心管中，冰盒转运，≤-15℃保存至LC-MS/MS检测。采用LC-MS/MS生物分析方法检测SD大鼠血浆中的药物浓度，采用非房室模型，使用WinNonlinTM(Version8.3,Certara,USA)对血药浓度-时间数据进行分析，评估其在SD大鼠体内药物代谢动力学(PK)特性，数据见表4，药代动力学曲线见图2。
表4.口服给予本发明化合物后雄性大鼠血浆中本发明化合物的药代动力学参数
图2的药-时曲线表明，化合物10在大鼠体内的Cmax最低，AUClast最小；化合物7和化合物8的Cmax相似，但是化合物8的AUClast比化合物7要高。这些结果表明，相同剂量下灌胃给予SD大鼠各化合物，化合物10由于在大鼠体内的暴露量最低，发挥的药效可能最差，化合物7次之，化合物8由于Cmax和AUClast均显著增加，发挥的药效可能最好。
上述结果表明，本发明的化合物具有显著改善的药代动力学性质。特别地，给药本发明化合物后，AUC和Cmax均极显著的提高。因此，本发明化合物成药性良好，能在更低的给药剂量下获得更好的疗效。
测试例4本发明化合物对脱发小鼠的促毛发生长试验
试验目的：测试本发明化合物对脱发小鼠模型的促毛发生长作用。
试验材料：C57BL/6小鼠(购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司，生产许可证号：SCXK(京)2019-0010)、试验化合物(通过本发明方法制备获得)、松香(上海源叶生物科技有限公司，批号：Y18M10C83144)、液体石蜡(上海源叶生物科技有限公司，批号：Z22S11Y125555)、水合氯醛(国药集团化学试剂有限公司，批号：20190823，使用时用0.9％氯化钠溶液配成2％的水合氯醛溶液)、丙酸睾丸素(上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司，批号：T101368，使用时用注射用大豆油配成0.5％的丙酸睾丸素溶液)、注射用大豆油(铁岭北亚药用油有限公司，批号：国药准字H21024303)、多聚甲醛(西陇科学股份有限公司，批号：1705022)、0.9％氯化钠溶液(江苏双鹤药业有限责任公司，批号：210322-3C)、电子天平(北京赛多利斯仪器系统有限公司，型号：BS224S；GZX-9140MBE)、数显电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海博迅实业有限公司)。
试验方法：选取8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠腹腔注射2％水合氯醛(400mg/kg)麻醉，称取等量的松香和石蜡加热混匀，涂于小鼠正背部，约2cm×2.5cm区域，待混合物冷却变硬后用镊子轻轻撕脱凝固的毛发。从该研究中排除撕脱毛发后发现具有深皮肤颜色的动物，其中所述的深皮肤颜色表明这些动物处于毛囊活跃生长的毛发生长期。
随机将合格C57BL/6小鼠(每组3只)分配至空白组、模型组、阳性对照药组(7.5％的克拉考特酮组)和试验组(包括0.3％化合物8组、0.3％化合物7组)。空白组小鼠每日上午于脱毛区涂抹0.1mL生理盐水，每日1次，连续17天；模型组每日上午于脱毛区涂抹0.1mL 0.5％的丙酸睾丸素溶液(每日1次，从第一日开始，连续17天)，每日下午于脱毛区涂抹0.5mL对照溶剂(每日1次，从第二日开始连续16天)；阳性对照药组每日上午于脱毛区涂抹0.1mL 0.5％的丙酸睾丸素溶液(每日1次，从第一日开始，连续17天)，每日下午于脱毛区涂抹0.5mL 7.5％的克拉考特酮溶液(每日1次，从第二日开始连续16天)；试验组每日上午于脱毛区涂抹0.1mL0.5％的丙酸睾丸素溶液(每日1次，从第一日开始，连续17天)，每日下午于脱毛区涂抹0.5mL0.3％的试验化合物溶液(每日1次，从第二日开始连续16天)。试验化合物溶液的处方为0.3％的试验化合物、40％DMSO、30％乙醇和余量的水；对照溶剂的处方为40％DMSO、30％乙醇和余量的水；阳性对照药组的处方为7.5％克拉考特酮、40％DMSO、30％乙醇和余量的水。观察各组小鼠脱毛区域中的毛发再生长情况，并在局部给药试验化合物溶液开始后16天拍照。
于试验第18天，各组每只小鼠背部脱毛区拔取新生毛发5根用游标卡尺测量毛发长度， 统计各组小鼠毛发长度；剪取各组小鼠脱毛区皮肤，进行苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色)，显微镜观察毛囊形态，每个样本随机选择6个视野(×100)进行观察，计算单位视野内平均毛囊数目。数据统计所用软件为Graph Pad 8.0，各组数据均以平均值±标准差(X±SD)表示，具体见下表5。第18天各组代表性小鼠的毛发生长情况照片和皮肤组织的代表性HE染色切片见图3。
表5不同组别毛发长度及毛囊数量(以X±SD表示)
图3显示，与空白组相比，模型组小鼠毛发生长情况不佳，毛囊数量明显少于空白组，表明涂抹0.5％的丙酸睾丸素溶液可造成脱发小鼠模型；与模型组相比，阳性对照药组小鼠毛发明显生长，毛囊数量显著增加，表明脱发小鼠模型可靠；本发明的化合物7和化合物8在单日给药剂量为1.5mg情况下，毛发和毛囊生长情况比阳性对照药组更好，表明低剂量的本发明化合物比高剂量的阳性对照药有更好的治脱发药效。
通过如上试验数据可知，本发明化合物能够在给药较小剂量情况下使试验组小鼠的毛发长度和毛囊数量均显著性增加，能够促进脱发小鼠毛囊的生成和毛发的生长，具有良好的毛发生长促进作用。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 式Ⅰ所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐，
    其中，R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Ra取代的如下基团：C1-12烷基或氘代C1-12烷基；
    代表无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：C3-20环烷基、C4-20环烯基、3-20元杂环基、C3-20环烷基与C3-20环烷基相连构成的螺环、C3-20环烷基与3-20元杂环基相连构成的螺环、3-20元杂环基与3-20元杂环基相连构成的螺环；
    Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基；
    Rb相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氘代、卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下基团：C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基、-NHC1-12烷基、-N(C1-12烷基)2、-NHCOC1-12烷基、-CONHC1-12烷基、-NHC3-20环烷基、-NHCOC3-20环烷基、-CONHC3-20环烷基、-S(O)2C1-12烷基、-COOC1-12烷基；或者连接在同一个碳原子上的两个Rb与所连接的碳原子一起形成无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下环系：C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基；
    所述Rc选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-12烷基、C1-12烷氧基、C3-20环烷基、3-20元杂环基、5-20元杂芳基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C1-6烷基或氘代C1-6烷基；
    代表无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：C3-12环烷基、C4-12环烯基、3-12元杂环基、C3-12环烷基与C3-12环烷基相连构成的螺环、C3-12环烷基与3-12元杂环基相连构成的螺环、3-12元杂环基与3-12元杂环基相连构成的螺环；
    Rb相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氘代、卤素、＝O、羟基、氨基、无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rc取代的如下基团：C3-12环烷基、3-12元杂环基、-NHC1-6烷基、-N(C1-6烷 基)2、-NHCOC1-6烷基、-NHC3-12环烷基、-S(O)2C1-6烷基、-COOC1-6烷基；
    所述Rc选自卤素、羟基、C3-12环烷基、3-12元杂环基、5-12元杂芳基。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物，其特征在于，为无取代或任选被一个，两个或多个Rb取代的如下环系：环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环己烯基、螺[2.3]己烷基、1,3-二氧杂环己烷基、1,4-二氧螺环[4,5]癸烷基；
    Rb选自氘代、F、Cl、Br、I、＝O、羟基、氨基、叔丁氧羰基、-S(O)2CH3、-COOC(CH3)3、-N(C2H5)2、-N(CH3)2、
    R1、R2、R3、R4相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C1-3烷基或氘代C1-3烷基。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物，其特征在于，式Ⅰ所示化合物选自如下：

  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的化合物，其特征在于，式Ⅰ所示化合物选自如下：
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的化合物，其特征在于，式Ⅰ所示的化合物药学上可接受的盐为其盐酸盐。
  7. 一种药物组合物，其包括权利要求1-6任一项所述式Ⅰ所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的药物组合物，其特征在于，还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料；
    优选地，所述药物组合物适宜的给药途径包括：口服、直肠、局部、口腔、肠胃外、肌内、真皮内、静脉内和透皮给药。
    优选地，所述药物组合物用于外用局部给药，所述药物组合物可为软膏剂、乳膏剂、糊剂、酊剂、硬膏剂、凝胶剂、涂膜剂、涂剂、气雾剂、喷雾剂、泡沫剂、微型海绵剂。
  9. 权利要求1-6任一项所述式Ⅰ所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化物、多晶型物或它们药学上可接受的盐、或者权利要求7或8所述药物组合物在制备用于治疗、预防或改善雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病的药物中的用途。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用途，其特征在于，所述的雄性激素相关障碍的症状或疾病选自：雄性激素相关炎症，包括创伤、痤疮、异位性皮炎、类风湿性关节炎、牛皮癣和红斑痤疮；多聚谷氨酰胺介导的运动神经元退化，肯尼迪病(脊髓和延髓肌萎缩或SBMA)；雄性激素相关的癌症，诸如前列腺癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、肝细胞癌、肝细胞肝癌、中枢神经系统癌、皮肤癌、淋巴瘤、白血病、食道癌、胃癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌；脱发，包括雄激素性脱发；粉刺；及多毛症。
PCT/CN2023/091555 2022-04-29 2023-04-28 一种具备抗雄激素受体活性的化合物及其用途 WO2023208187A1 (zh)

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