WO2023199550A1 - 高炉の操業方法 - Google Patents

高炉の操業方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023199550A1
WO2023199550A1 PCT/JP2022/046305 JP2022046305W WO2023199550A1 WO 2023199550 A1 WO2023199550 A1 WO 2023199550A1 JP 2022046305 W JP2022046305 W JP 2022046305W WO 2023199550 A1 WO2023199550 A1 WO 2023199550A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
volume
blast furnace
furnace
raw material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/046305
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
直美 澤木
雄基 川尻
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Priority to CN202280094341.2A priority Critical patent/CN119032183A/zh
Priority to JP2023516075A priority patent/JP7552881B2/ja
Priority to KR1020247032647A priority patent/KR20240160150A/ko
Priority to EP22937525.8A priority patent/EP4477762A4/en
Publication of WO2023199550A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023199550A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/16—Tuyéres
    • C21B7/163—Blowpipe assembly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
    • C21B2005/005—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a blast furnace that generates highly concentrated reducing gas in the blast furnace in front of the tuyere, and more specifically, improves the properties of slag in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace, and improves the air permeability in the blast furnace. Concerning improving blast furnace operating methods.
  • the coal-derived reducing agent ratio refers to the total mass of coal-derived coke and coal-derived reducing gas required to produce 1 ton of hot metal.
  • the reducing agent has the role of generating heat in the furnace to raise the temperature of the charge, and the role of reducing iron ore, iron ore sinter, and iron ore pellets, which are iron-based raw materials in the furnace.
  • the reducing agent ratio and reduce the amount of CO 2 gas discharged it is necessary to increase the reduction efficiency of the reducing agent while maintaining the amount of heat in the furnace.
  • Hydrogen is attracting attention as a reducing agent for the purpose of reducing CO 2 gas emissions.
  • the reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, but the endothermic amount is smaller than the direct reduction reaction (reaction formula: FeO+C ⁇ Fe+CO), and the reduction rate with hydrogen is faster than the reduction rate with CO gas. Therefore, by blowing hydrogen-based gas into the blast furnace, it is possible to simultaneously reduce CO 2 gas emissions and improve reduction efficiency.
  • Blast furnaces produce pig iron and, at the same time, produce a large amount of blast furnace slag (an oxide composed of FeO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SiO 2 , etc.) as a byproduct.
  • blast furnace slag an oxide composed of FeO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SiO 2 , etc.
  • Patent Documents 1 to 3 have been proposed as conventional techniques for solving problems similar to the above problems.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a blast furnace operation in which coke is charged from the top of the furnace and auxiliary fuel is injected from the tuyere.
  • the ratio of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 of coke and auxiliary fuel (Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ) is set to 0.6 or more, and the basicity of blast furnace slag ((CaO + Al 2 O 3 + MgO) /SiO 2 ) to 1.8 or more improves the properties of blast furnace slag and improves air permeability and liquid permeability.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a blast furnace operating method in which pulverized coal of 150 kg or more per ton of tapped iron is blown into the blast furnace through the tuyere along with hot air. According to Patent Document 2, more than 80% of the charge excluding coke charged from the top of the furnace contains 4.0 to 4.8 mass % of SiO2 components and 1.2 to 2.4 mass % of MgO components. %, the CaO component is 6.0 to 9.0 mass %, and the Al 2 O 3 component is 1.9 to 2.5 mass %. It is said that the viscosity of slag can be kept low.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that high strength ( SI >92%) and high reducibility (RI>70 %) of sintered ore is disclosed. According to Patent Document 3, by injecting an amount of auxiliary raw material from the blast furnace tuyere corresponding to the difference in the blending ratio of auxiliary raw materials between high-strength and highly reducible sintered ore and normally used sintered ore. The company claims that it will be able to operate at a high ore/reducing material ratio in a stable manner over the long term.
  • the concentration of reducing gas generated in the furnace before the tuyere is extremely high. Therefore, the reduction rate of the iron-based raw material increases and the FeO concentration in the slag decreases in the furnace, and the FeO component in the slag decreases to a range lower than the operating range described in the above-mentioned prior art.
  • the above-mentioned prior art does not consider the case where the FeO content in the slag further decreases.
  • the present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to improve the slag properties and reduce the FeO component in the slag when operating a blast furnace that generates high concentration reducing gas in the furnace in front of the tuyere. It is an object of the present invention to provide a blast furnace operating method that can ensure air permeability in a cohesive zone and a dripping zone in a blast furnace even if the air permeability decreases.
  • the gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
  • [1] A method of operating a blast furnace, in which iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke are charged from the top of the blast furnace, and gas is injected from the tuyeres of the blast furnace to generate high-concentration reducing gas in the furnace before the tuyeres.
  • a method for operating a blast furnace wherein the basicity of the total raw material components of the iron-based raw material and the auxiliary raw material is within a predetermined range.
  • [2] The method for operating a blast furnace according to [1], wherein the basicity of the total ingredients of the raw materials is within a range of 1.0 or more and 1.7 or less.
  • the high concentration reducing gas is composed of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas when expressed as a Bosch gas composition, and the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas.
  • the high concentration reducing gas is composed of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas when expressed as a Bosch gas composition, and the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas.
  • the ratio of H 2 gas, N 2 gas and CO gas is H 2 gas - N 2 gas.
  • the basicity (mass% CaO/mass% SiO 2 ) of the total raw material components of iron-based raw materials and auxiliary raw materials is within the specified range.
  • the viscosity of the slag generated in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace is optimized, and the liquid permeability of the slag in the blast furnace is controlled within the operable range.As a result, the gas permeability in the blast furnace is improved. By keeping it in good condition, stable operation of the blast furnace can be realized.
  • FIG. 1 shows the composition of the high-concentration reducing gas produced in the furnace before the tuyere in the blast furnace operating method according to the present embodiment in the gas component composition of a ternary diagram of H 2 gas-N 2 gas-CO gas. It is a figure showing a range as a Bosch gas composition.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence of the basicity of the total raw material components on the amount of melt dripping in a test in which highly concentrated reducing gas is generated in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of the basicity of the total raw material components on the ventilation resistance index KS in a test in which highly concentrated reducing gas is generated in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • the operating method of the blast furnace is to charge iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke into the blast furnace alternately and in layers from the top of the blast furnace, and to charge the iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke into the blast furnace from the tuyere provided at the bottom of the blast furnace.
  • This is a blast furnace operating method in which gas is blown into the blast furnace and the gas blown through the tuyeres generates highly concentrated reducing gas in the blast furnace in front of the tuyeres.
  • Iron-based raw materials include, for example, iron ore, sintered iron ore, iron ore pellets, reduced iron, and iron scrap.
  • the auxiliary raw materials include SiO 2 and CaO singly or in combination.
  • the types of iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke to be used are not particularly limited, and any iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke used in conventional blast furnace operations can be suitably used in the present invention.
  • the gas for generating the high concentration reducing gas contains a reducing component that reduces iron-based raw materials in the blast furnace.
  • the reducing components that reduce iron-based raw materials in the blast furnace include not only CO gas, H2 gas, and hydrocarbon gas, which are components that can reduce iron-based raw materials, but also reduction through reaction with coke or decomposition reaction. It also includes CO 2 gas, H 2 O gas, etc., which are components that generate gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows the composition of the high-concentration reducing gas produced in the furnace before the tuyere in the blast furnace operating method according to the present embodiment in the gas component composition of a ternary diagram of H 2 gas-N 2 gas-CO gas. It is a figure showing a range as a Bosch gas composition.
  • the high-concentration reducing gas in this embodiment is a reducing gas whose average reduction rate is 80% or more when iron-based raw materials are reduced at 900° C. for 180 minutes using the high-concentration reducing gas.
  • Region A is the point O (H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas; 0 volume %, CO gas; 100 volume %), point P in the ternary system diagram of H 2 gas - N 2 gas - CO gas. ( H2 gas; 100 volume%, N2 gas; 0 volume%, CO gas; 0 volume%), point Q ( H2 gas; 29 volume%, N2 gas; 71 volume%, CO gas; 0 volume% ) and point R (H 2 gas; 0 volume %, N 2 gas; 37 volume %, CO gas; 63 volume %). Further, FIG. 1 shows a comparison of gas compositions in conventional general blast furnace operating ranges.
  • the present inventors conducted a test to generate high concentration reducing gas in the furnace in front of the tuyere using a small test furnace with a scale of 1/4 that simulates a blast furnace.
  • the slag components were investigated.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the composition of the iron-based raw materials used in the small test reactor.
  • the ferrous raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke were mixed in the same manner as in the operating method described in Patent Document 2, such that the basicity of the total raw material component of the ferrous raw materials and auxiliary raw materials was 2.0.
  • the CaO component was calculated to be 9.2% by mass, the CaO component was calculated to be 52.5 to 56.7% by mass, and the MgO component was calculated to be 5.3 to 7.3% by mass.
  • the basicity of the slag increased to approximately 2.0, and the amount of slag dripped decreased to about one-tenth of that in conventional tests, which deteriorated the gas permeability to a point outside the range where the test could be continued stably. .
  • the amount of melt dropped was determined by collecting the melt dropped during the test after the experiment and measuring its total weight using a weighing scale.
  • the ventilation resistance index KS is the ventilation resistance K value (1/m) calculated based on the pressure loss measured in the area where the temperature inside the furnace is 1000°C or higher and the physical property values estimated from the operating conditions. Calculated as an integral value.
  • the ventilation resistance K value (1/m) is calculated using the following equation (1).
  • K ( ⁇ P/H)/( ⁇ gas 0.7 ⁇ gas 0.3 ⁇ v gas 1.7 )...(1)
  • ⁇ P is the pressure loss (Pa)
  • H is the thickness of the packed bed in the furnace (m)
  • ⁇ gas is the gas density (kg/m 3 )
  • ⁇ gas is the gas viscosity (Pa ⁇ s )
  • v gas is the gas flow velocity (m/s).
  • ⁇ P is obtained by installing pressure gauges on the tuyere and the furnace wall in the upper part of the test furnace (in the space above the packed bed) and calculating the difference in pressure.
  • H is measured by inserting a measuring jig into a hole drilled in the upper part of the test furnace to measure the position of the surface of the packed bed, and then calculating the distance in the height direction between the surface position of the packed bed and the position where the tuyeres are installed.
  • the position of the filled layer surface may be measured using a laser distance meter.
  • ⁇ gas can be calculated from the gas component introduced from the tuyere, the temperature inside the furnace, and the pressure inside the furnace.
  • ⁇ gas can be calculated from the gas components introduced from the tuyere and the temperature inside the furnace.
  • v gas can be calculated from the gas flow rate introduced from the tuyere, the temperature inside the furnace, and the pressure inside the furnace.
  • thermometers are installed on the furnace wall at positions corresponding to the packed bed, and the average value of the measured values of the thermometers is used.
  • pressure inside the furnace a plurality of thermometers are installed on the furnace wall at positions corresponding to the packed bed, and the average value of the measured values of the pressure gauges is used.
  • the average value of the pressure at the tuyere used to calculate ⁇ P and the pressure at the top of the packed bed may be used as the pressure in the furnace.
  • the ventilation resistance index KS is calculated using the following formula (2).
  • Tmax is the maximum temperature at which the pressure loss in the furnace was measured, and is approximately 1500 to 1650°C, although it varies depending on the measurement.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the influence of the basicity of the total raw material components on the amount of melt dripping in a test in which highly concentrated reducing gas is generated in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 2 is the basicity of the total raw material components (mass % CaO/mass % SiO 2 ), and the vertical axis is the melt dropping amount (g).
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of the basicity of the total raw material components on the ventilation resistance index KS in a test in which highly concentrated reducing gas is generated in the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 is the basicity of the total raw material components (mass% CaO/mass% SiO 2 ), and the vertical axis is the ventilation resistance index KS (10 5 °C/m).
  • the amount of melt dropped increased when the basicity of the total raw material components of iron-based raw materials and auxiliary raw materials was within the range of 1.0 to 1.7.
  • the ventilation resistance index KS decreases to the target value of 2000 or less. This was confirmed.
  • the target value of 2000 for the ventilation resistance index KS is a threshold value at which stable testing can be continued.
  • a stable test means a test in which the surface height of the packed bed decreases uniformly over time and no problems such as blow-through occur.
  • the operating method of the blast furnace according to the present embodiment was made based on the above test results, and consists of charging iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke from the top of the blast furnace, and charging the iron-based raw materials, auxiliary raw materials, and coke from the tuyere of the blast furnace to the furnace in front of the tuyere.
  • a method of operating a blast furnace in which a gas that generates high concentration reducing gas is injected into the blast furnace the method of operating a blast furnace in which the basicity of the total raw material components of the iron-based raw materials to be charged and the auxiliary raw materials to be charged is within a predetermined range. be.
  • the basicity of the total raw material components of the iron-based raw material to be charged and the auxiliary raw materials to be charged is preferably within the range of 1.0 or more and 1.7 or less. Thereby, the dripping property and air permeability of the melt in the lower part of the blast furnace can be improved.
  • the basicity of the total raw material components of iron-based raw materials and auxiliary raw materials is less than 1.0, and when the basicity of the total raw material components of iron-based raw materials and auxiliary raw materials is more than 1.7, both slag This is not preferable because the viscosity of the liquid increases and goes out of the stable operation range.
  • the basicity of the total raw material components of the iron-based raw materials and auxiliary raw materials to be charged is more preferably 1.1 or more and 1.7 or less, and even more preferably 1.4 or more and 1.5 or less. This further reduces the viscosity of the slag and further improves the dripping properties and air permeability of the melt.
  • the amount of H 2 gas (including hydrogen in hydrocarbons) in the high concentration reducing gas is within the range of 0 to 500 Nm 3 /ton of hot metal. Thereby, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the temperature inside the furnace and a decrease in the reduction reaction rate. On the other hand, if the amount of H 2 gas in the high-concentration reducing gas exceeds 500 Nm 3 /ton of hot metal, the furnace temperature will drop and the reduction reaction rate will decrease, which is not preferable. Further, when blowing H 2 gas alone, it is preferable to heat the H 2 gas before blowing in order to maintain the temperature before the tuyere within the operating range.
  • the iron-based raw material to be charged and the auxiliary raw material to be charged are The basicity of the total raw material components is controlled within a predetermined range.
  • the viscosity of the slag generated in the cohesive zone and dripping zone in the blast furnace is optimized, and the liquid permeability of the slag in the blast furnace is controlled within the operational range, resulting in good gas permeability in the blast furnace. This allows stable operation to be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/046305 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 高炉の操業方法 Ceased WO2023199550A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202280094341.2A CN119032183A (zh) 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 高炉的操作方法
JP2023516075A JP7552881B2 (ja) 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 高炉の操業方法
KR1020247032647A KR20240160150A (ko) 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 고로의 조업 방법
EP22937525.8A EP4477762A4 (en) 2022-04-11 2022-12-16 OPERATING METHOD FOR BLAST FURNACE

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JP2022064977 2022-04-11
JP2022-064977 2022-04-11

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EP (1) EP4477762A4 (https=)
JP (1) JP7552881B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR20240160150A (https=)
CN (1) CN119032183A (https=)
TW (1) TWI859671B (https=)
WO (1) WO2023199550A1 (https=)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025211235A1 (ja) * 2024-04-01 2025-10-09 日本製鉄株式会社 非焼成含炭塊成鉱の製造方法およびケイ酸バイオマスの高炉利用方法

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JPH0913107A (ja) 1995-06-27 1997-01-14 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高炉操業方法
JPH09143516A (ja) * 1995-11-17 1997-06-03 Nippon Steel Corp 竪型炉の操業方法
JP2002060809A (ja) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-28 Nippon Steel Corp 化学組成を調整した焼結鉱を使用する低炉熱高炉操業方法
JP2004010948A (ja) 2002-06-05 2004-01-15 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高炉操業方法
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JPH0913107A (ja) 1995-06-27 1997-01-14 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 高炉操業方法
JPH09143516A (ja) * 1995-11-17 1997-06-03 Nippon Steel Corp 竪型炉の操業方法
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JP2005298923A (ja) 2004-04-13 2005-10-27 Nippon Steel Corp 高炉における高鉱石／還元材比操業方法
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JP2013082971A (ja) * 2011-10-11 2013-05-09 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp 高炉の操業方法
JP2015199978A (ja) * 2014-04-04 2015-11-12 新日鐵住金株式会社 還元鉄を用いた高炉操業方法

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See also references of EP4477762A4

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025211235A1 (ja) * 2024-04-01 2025-10-09 日本製鉄株式会社 非焼成含炭塊成鉱の製造方法およびケイ酸バイオマスの高炉利用方法
JP7824563B1 (ja) * 2024-04-01 2026-03-05 日本製鉄株式会社 非焼成含炭塊成鉱の製造方法およびケイ酸バイオマスの高炉利用方法

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JPWO2023199550A1 (https=) 2023-10-19
TW202340482A (zh) 2023-10-16
EP4477762A4 (en) 2025-05-14
EP4477762A1 (en) 2024-12-18
CN119032183A (zh) 2024-11-26
KR20240160150A (ko) 2024-11-08
TWI859671B (zh) 2024-10-21

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