WO2023193746A1 - 一种多通道开盖器 - Google Patents
一种多通道开盖器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023193746A1 WO2023193746A1 PCT/CN2023/086498 CN2023086498W WO2023193746A1 WO 2023193746 A1 WO2023193746 A1 WO 2023193746A1 CN 2023086498 W CN2023086498 W CN 2023086498W WO 2023193746 A1 WO2023193746 A1 WO 2023193746A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spline
- opener according
- cap opener
- channel cap
- tray
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
- B67B7/00—Hand- or power-operated devices for opening closed containers
- B67B7/18—Hand- or power-operated devices for opening closed containers for removing threaded caps
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of testing equipment, and in particular to a device that can open and close multiple container caps at one time.
- the present invention is to improve the shortcomings of the above two inventions.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic multi-channel cap opener that can open and close test tube caps of different heights.
- a multi-channel cap opener which includes a frame, a screwdriver head module and a tray are provided on the frame, and a first driving device and a driver that drive the screwdriver head module to move vertically.
- the second driving device drives the horizontal movement of the tray;
- the screwdriver head module includes a plurality of capping motors, and the capping motors are connected to one or more torque limiting mechanisms to drive the rotation of the torque limiting mechanisms, each
- Each of the torque limiting mechanisms is connected to a screwdriver head; it also includes a cap-retracting mechanism.
- the cap-removing mechanism includes a cap-removing driving device fixedly provided on the screwdriver head module, and a cap-removing driving device driven by the cap-removing driving device.
- the cover removal plate can move up and down relative to the screwdriver head.
- the first driving device is a screw guide rail installed vertically on the frame and a first drive motor that drives the screw guide rail
- the second driving device is a screw guide rail installed horizontally on the frame.
- the cover removal plate has a plurality of guide holes for the screwdriver head to pass through, and the diameter of the guide hole is larger than the screwdriver head and smaller than the pipe cap.
- the cover ejection driving device is one or more push-pull electromagnets, and the cover ejection plate is arranged horizontally and connected to the extended end of the push-pull electromagnet.
- a support plate is arranged horizontally on the frame, and the cover ejection driving device includes at least one spline shaft arranged on the support plate, and one end of the spline shaft is threadedly connected to the support plate.
- the other end of the spline shaft is rotatably arranged on the cover removal plate; it also includes a limiting device that limits the one-way or two-way movement of the cover removal plate along the axial direction of the spline shaft, and It includes at least a third drive motor for driving the spline shaft to rotate.
- the support plate is rotatably provided with a plurality of spline sleeves sleeved on the spline shaft corresponding to the spline shaft, and the middle part of the spline shaft is provided along its axial direction.
- the third driving motor is connected to the spline sleeve to drive the spline sleeve to rotate.
- the third drive motor is connected to the spline sleeve through a transmission belt to drive the spline sleeve to rotate, and the outer wall of the spline sleeve is provided with gear teeth that mesh with the transmission belt.
- the spline sleeve is rotatably arranged on the support plate through a first bearing.
- one end of the spline shaft passes through the mounting hole provided on the cover withdrawal plate and extends out of the cover withdrawal plate, and its part outside the cover withdrawal plate is provided with an annular slot,
- the limiting device is a clamp clamped in the slot.
- a second bearing is disposed in the mounting hole, and the second bearing is sleeved on the spline shaft and limited between the spline and the clamp.
- annular pressure plate for fixing the second bearing is provided on the cover removal plate through screws.
- four nuts are fixedly provided on the support plate, and the four spline shafts are threadedly connected to one of the nuts respectively.
- a drive gear is sleeved on the output shaft of the third drive motor, and the transmission belt is sleeved on the drive gear and the gear teeth of the four spline sleeves.
- the tray is replaceably provided with an adapter, and different adapters have different heights to match test tubes of different heights, so that the caps on the test tubes are located at the same preset height.
- the upper part of the adapter is provided with a protruding edge for limiting the position of the test tube rack;
- the tray is provided with a positioning groove, and the lower part of the adapter is provided with a positioning groove corresponding to the positioning groove.
- an adsorption block is provided on the tray;
- a magnetic pressing block that attracts each other through magnetic force is provided on the adapter to adsorb the adapter to the tray,
- At least one of the magnetic pressure block and the adsorption block is a permanent magnet.
- the capping motor drives one or more of the torque limiting mechanisms to rotate through a gear set.
- the torsion limiting mechanism includes two pairs of intermeshing offset teeth pressed by a spring, one side of the offset teeth is a bevel and the other side is vertical.
- it also includes a control unit for controlling the rotation of the first drive motor, the second drive motor and the capping motor, and the movement of the cap ejection mechanism.
- it also includes a touch screen connected to the control unit for inputting instructions; a pair of photoelectric sensors for detecting whether there is a tube cap on the test tube is also horizontally disposed on the frame; Two rollers are provided below the pallet to support the pallet.
- the motor drives the screw to drive the screwdriver head module to move up and down, and the tray holding the tray extends and retracts, so that the screwdriver head can be inserted into the pipe cap more accurately, and the pipe cap can be unscrewed or closed.
- the present invention can also adapt to test tubes of different heights by replacing adapters of different heights, thereby expanding its scope of application.
- the adapter is quickly fixed through the magnetic pressure block and adsorption block, making its replacement and installation very convenient; the cap removal mechanism can automatically remove the cap on the screwdriver head.
- Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic front structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a side structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic front structural view of the screwdriver head module and cap ejection mechanism
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the torque limiter
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the front structure using adapters of different specifications
- Figure 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a schematic front structural view of another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a side structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a perspective view of the cover ejection mechanism of another embodiment
- Figure 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the cap ejection mechanism plus a screwdriver head
- Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a cover ejection mechanism in another embodiment.
- a multi-channel cap opener of the present invention includes a frame 10 .
- the frame 10 is provided with a screwdriver head module 11 that can move up and down.
- the screwdriver head module 11 includes a plurality of rotatable screwdriver heads 12 (see Figure 2) and a capping motor 14 that drives the screwdriver heads 12 to rotate.
- a tray 16 is provided below the screwdriver head module 11, and an adapter 19 is replaceably provided on the tray 16.
- the adapter 19 is provided with a plurality of test tubes for placing a plurality of test tubes 18.
- the tube rack 17 and the adapter 19 have multiple specifications of different heights (as shown in Figures 2 and 6) to adapt to test tubes of different specifications. By selecting the appropriate adapter 19, ensure that the cap height of all test tubes 18 is at the preset position. high. The preset height is also the appropriate height for opening and closing the cap after the screwdriver head 12 is lowered.
- a certain embodiment of the present invention also provides a cover ejection mechanism.
- the cover ejection mechanism includes a push-pull electromagnet 3 fixed on the screwdriver head module, and a cover ejection plate 4.
- the cover ejection mechanism The plate 4 is connected to the extended end of the push-pull electromagnet 3 .
- the cover removal plate 4 is provided with several guide holes 52 for the screwdriver head to pass through. The diameter of the guide holes 52 is larger than the screwdriver head 12 and smaller than the pipe cap, so as to serve as a guide. Its working principle is that when the push-pull electromagnet 3 does not work, the cover removal plate 4 is in a raised position and is located above the pipe cap.
- the push-pull electromagnet 3 works, it stretches out, pushes the cover-removing plate 4 to descend, and pushes down the pipe cap on the screwdriver head to separate it from the screwdriver head.
- the structure and working principle of the push-pull electromagnet 3 are well known in the industry, so they are not described in detail.
- the tray 16 is provided with 4 positioning grooves and adsorption blocks 22, and the adapter 19 is provided with 4 positioning posts corresponding to the positioning grooves. 5 (or positioning block), the positioning post 5 is inserted into the positioning groove to achieve the positioning of the adapter.
- the adapter 19 has a raised edge on the upper part and a magnetic pressing block 20 on the lower part. At least one of the magnetic pressing block 20 and the adsorbing block 22 is permanently magnet, the other is a permanent magnet or iron. The magnetic adsorption effect of the magnetic pressing block 20 and the adsorbing block 22 just fixes the adapter 19.
- the upper part of the adapter 19 has a raised edge to limit the position of the test tube rack 17.
- a pair of photoelectric sensors 6 for detecting whether there is a tube cap on the test tube is also horizontally disposed on the frame 10 .
- the height of the photoelectric sensor 6 is exactly at the height of the tube cap, and the connection of the two photoelectric sensors 6 is exactly on the vertical stroke of the tray 16. In this way, when the tray 16 enters and exits, it can detect whether the test tube on it has a tube cap, thereby improving the efficiency of the equipment. Safety, avoid accidental pipe caps left behind causing harm to the equipment.
- the selection and setting of the photoelectric sensor 6 are basic skills in the industry, and therefore are not shown or limited in detail.
- a screw guide rail 7 is arranged horizontally on the frame 10, which includes a horizontal screw 26 and a guide rail 24.
- the first drive motor 28 drives the horizontal screw 26 to rotate, so that the pallet 16 connected to the guide rail 24 moves along the Movement in the horizontal direction, that is, the tray 16 extends or retracts. When it comes out, it is convenient to place the test tube, and when it comes in, it can automatically open and close the lid.
- the frame 10 is also provided with two rollers 46 located below the tray 16 to support the tray 16 so that its extension or retraction is very smooth.
- the frame 10 is also provided with a screw guide rail 7 driven by the second drive motor 32 in the vertical direction.
- the screwdriver head module and the cover ejection mechanism are arranged on the screw guide rail 7 and driven by the second drive motor 32. Screwdriver head module 11 and The cover ejection mechanism moves up and down in the vertical direction.
- the design and use of the screw guide 7 are well known in the industry, and therefore are not shown in detail.
- the screwdriver head module 11 and the cap-removing mechanism can move up and down to realize the contact of the screwdriver head 12 with the cap of the test tube downward, so that the cap can be opened by rotating, or the pipe cap originally provided on the screwdriver head 12 can be removed. Move downward to contact the test tube, and close the lid by rotating.
- the upper end surface of the pipe cap is provided with a hole with a polygonal cross-section, and the screwdriver head 12 matches the shape of the hole, thereby driving the pipe cap to rotate.
- the first driving device and the second driving device are both motors, which are driven by screws. In fact, they can also be changed to cylinders as needed. The same purpose can also be achieved, but the use of motors has stability. High, high precision.
- the torque limiter 34 uses a spring 44 to compress two partial tooth structures: the partial teeth 40 driven by the motor output shaft and the partial teeth at the root of the screwdriver head 12. 42.
- the present invention also includes a touch screen (not shown) connected to the control unit for inputting instructions.
- the touch screen (not shown) can virtualize multiple buttons with the control unit to realize extending the tray 16, retracting the tray 16, opening the cover, closing the cover, etc. During operation, you can also set the rotation speed, rising and falling speed, etc. to achieve diversified functions.
- the device of the present invention works like this:
- the operator touches the button on the touch screen to command the tray 16 to extend, or sends the same command through the host computer to cause the tray 16 to extend.
- an adapter 19 adapted to a specific test tube is installed on the tray 16, and then the corresponding test tube is placed on the adapter 19 so that the tube cap position is at a preset height.
- the third step is to touch the cover opening command button on the touch screen, or send the same command through the host computer.
- the control unit After accepting this command, the control unit completes a series of cover opening actions according to the preset program:
- a sensor photoelectric detection module fixed at a specific height on the rack 10 detects whether the cap of the test tube exists. If the cap of the test tube is not detected, the system reports an error.
- the tray 16 carries the test tubes with the caps removed and extends to complete the uncapping action. The operator or the host computer takes away the test tube with the tube cap removed.
- the tray 16 can remain in the extended state at this time, or can be retracted and restored to its original position by instructions from the operator or the host computer.
- the operator touches the button for the tray 16 extension instruction on the touch screen, or sends the same instruction through the host computer to make the tray 16 extend.
- the third step is to touch the cover closing command button on the touch screen, or send the same command through the host computer.
- the control unit After accepting this command, the control unit completes a series of cover closing actions according to the preset program:
- a sensor fixed at a specific height on the cap opener frame detects whether the cap of the test tube exists. If the cap of the test tube is detected, the system reports an error.
- the screwdriver head 12 begins to descend to the preset height. At this preset height, the cap carried on the screwdriver head 12 can just be inserted into the test tube opening. Then the control unit sends instructions to the capping motor 14, and the capping motor 14 rotates to tighten the tube cap and rotate it a few more times. Screwdriver with torque limiter 34 The head 12 can remove the torque exerted by the capping motor 14 after the caps are tightened in place, thereby ensuring that all caps are properly tightened.
- the screwdriver head 12 rises a little, and then the control unit issues an instruction to start the cap ejection mechanism, push the cap ejection plate 4 downward, and eject the capped test tube from the screwdriver head 12.
- the control tray 16 extends.
- the present invention combines adapters 19 of different heights with test tubes of different heights so that the tube caps are located at a preset specific height, thereby simplifying the design difficulty of the control system.
- This allows the invention to adapt to test tubes of different heights and effectively complete the opening and closing of the tube cap. Due to the situation that the tube cap is suspended in the cap opener during use, in order to avoid conflicts, a sensor is installed to provide a mechanism for correcting the program.
- the above invention achieves high throughput, high reliability and a higher degree of automation compared to the two previous inventions.
- the control unit such as PLC
- the control unit is not a particularly advanced control technology, it is low in cost, high in reliability, and convenient for mass production of products.
- the realization of the working process of the control unit is a common method in the industry, and those of ordinary skill in the art can design and program it as needed; and it itself is not the innovation point of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides another embodiment of the cover ejection mechanism:
- the cap-removing mechanism is designed to use four push-pull electromagnets 3 to push the cap-removing plate 4 to push down the cap, so as to realize the separation of the cap and the screwdriver head 12.
- the push-pull electromagnet 3 consumes a lot of power and has low efficiency. It is easy to fail to remove the cover due to slight desynchronization; and the noise generated by the impact during use is unpleasant.
- a support plate 50 is provided on the frame 10, and a cover ejection plate 4 is movably provided on the support plate 50.
- the cover ejection plate 4 and the support plate 50 are parallel to each other.
- the cover withdrawal plate 4 is provided with a plurality of installation batches.
- the guide hole 52 of the head is used to install multiple screwdriver heads 12 to realize the simultaneous tightening or loosening of multiple bottle caps.
- Four spline shafts 54 are provided on the support plate 50 perpendicular to the support plate 50. One end of the spline shaft 54 is threadedly connected to the support plate 50, and the other end of the spline shaft 54 is rotatably provided on the cover removal plate 4.
- the cover plate 4 also includes a limiting device that limits the axial movement of the cover plate 4 along the spline shaft 54 in one or two directions, and at least one third drive motor 56 for driving the spline shaft 54 to rotate.
- the above structure can realize the third drive motor 56 to drive the spline shaft 54 to rotate. Because the spline shaft 54 is threadedly connected to the support plate 50, its rotation will simultaneously cause it to move linearly in the axial direction, thereby driving it through the limiting device.
- the cover plate 4 rises or falls.
- the third drive motor 56 to drive the spline shaft 54 to rotate, such as gear transmission, belt transmission, etc., and ordinary technicians in the industry can make reasonable selections according to needs.
- the limiting device is used to limit the spline shaft 54 on the cover-removing plate 4, so that when the spline shaft 54 moves linearly, the transmission belt 58 drives the cover-removing plate 4 to move.
- limiting devices such as bayonet pins, interference-fit bearings, etc.
- the support plate 50 is rotatably provided with four spline sleeves 60 that are sleeved on the spline shaft 54 corresponding to the spline shaft 54 .
- the middle part of the spline shaft 54 protrudes outward along its axial direction.
- a spline 62 is provided on the ground, and a spline groove for accommodating the spline 62 is provided on the inside of the spline sleeve 60 along its axial direction (the matching method of the spline 62 and its spline groove is a common method in the mechanical field, not shown).
- the spline sleeve 60 is rotatably arranged on the support plate 50 through the first bearing 64 .
- the third drive motor 56 is connected to the spline sleeve 60 through the transmission belt 58 to drive the spline sleeve 60 to rotate.
- the outer wall of the spline sleeve 60 is provided with gear teeth that mesh with the transmission belt 58 (this is a common method in the mechanical field, not shown).
- One end of the spline shaft 54 extends through the mounting hole (not shown) provided on the cover removal plate 4
- An annular slot is provided outside the cover plate 4 and the limiting device is a clamp 66 clamped in the slot.
- a second bearing 68 is provided in the mounting hole. The second bearing 68 is sleeved on the spline shaft 54 and is limited between the spline and the clamp 66. This allows the spline shaft 54 to move up and down along its axis.
- the cover removal plate 4 can be driven to move up and down at the same time.
- An annular pressing plate 70 for fixing the second bearing 68 is fixed on the cover removal plate 4 by screws.
- four nuts 72 are fixedly provided on the support plate 50 , and the four spline shafts 54 are respectively threadedly connected to one nut 72 .
- a driving gear 74 is sleeved on the output shaft of the third driving motor 56
- the transmission belt 58 is sleeved on the driving gear 74 and the gear teeth of the four spline sleeves 60 .
- the cover ejection mechanism of this embodiment adopts a transmission belt 58 with high transmission efficiency and low energy loss.
- Using the transmission belt 58 for transmission can ensure a high degree of synchronicity in the rotation of the four spline sleeves 60, and when the spline shaft 54 is converted into radial motion through the thread, the force has a further amplification effect. This ensures that the cover ejection plate 4 connected with the spline shaft 54 runs smoothly and provides sufficient thrust for the cover ejection plate 4, and avoids the noise generated when the push-pull electromagnet 3 in the previous embodiment hits.
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Abstract
一种多通道开盖器，其机架上设置有可垂直移动的起子头模组、可水平移动的托盘；起子头模组包括多个旋盖电机，每个旋盖电机连接一个或多个扭力限制机构、并驱动扭力限制机构旋转，每个扭力限制机构均连接一个起子头；多通道开盖器还包括一退盖机构，退盖机构包括固定设置在起子头模组上的退盖驱动装置，以及由退盖驱动装置驱动的、可上下移动的退盖板。该多通道开盖器能够大批量、快速稳定的开启或关闭整盒的试管管帽。
Description
本发明涉及试验器材领域，尤其涉及一种一次可开闭多个容器管帽的装置。
生物样本检测，化合物分析，分子检测等实验中，通常需要对大量保存样品的容器进行开关盖处理。通常这些盛放样品的容器体积小巧，手工操作十分不便。因此能批量同时完成多个产品管帽开闭的开盖器作为辅助工具的作用就显得十分重要。发明人此前曾研发手持式的开盖器《一种手持式螺旋盖管启盖器》专利号CN207845100U，在其中提出了一种同时可以开启8个管帽的开盖器方案。此方案虽一定程度上提高了开盖效率，但需要人工手持，仍不满足大规模处理样品的需要。而发明人此前获得的另一项发明《一种螺旋盖管开盖合盖器》CN104118835B，虽可以满足同时开闭96个管帽的大规模样品需要，但仍需手动控制起子头模组的上下，开闭。在实际使用中，手动操作的稳定性不好，很容易导致开盖失败。
本发明就是针对上述两项发明创造的不足之处，进行改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种自动的、能开启、关闭不同高度试管管帽的多通道开盖器。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种多通道开盖器，其包括机架，所述机架上设置有起子头模组和托盘，以及驱动所述起子头模组垂直移动的第一驱动装置和驱
动所述托盘水平移动的第二驱动装置；所述起子头模组包括多个旋盖电机，所述旋盖电机通过连接一个或多个扭力限制机构以驱动所述扭力限制机构旋转，每个所述扭力限制机构均连接一个起子头；还包括一退盖机构，所述退盖机构包括固定设置在所述起子头模组上的退盖驱动装置，以及由所述退盖驱动装置驱动的可相对起子头相对上下移动的退盖板。
优选的，所述第一驱动装置为垂直设置在所述机架上的丝杠导轨及驱动该丝杠导轨的第一驱动电机，所述第二驱动装置为水平设置在所述机架上的丝杠导轨及驱动该丝杠导轨的第二驱动电机；其中，所述起子头模组及退盖机构设置在垂直方向的丝杠导轨上，所述托盘设置在水平方向的丝杠导轨上。
优选的，所述退盖板上有多个供所述起子头穿过的导向孔，所述导向孔直径大于所述起子头、且小于管帽。
优选的，所述退盖驱动装置为一个或多个推拉电磁铁、所述退盖板水平设置并与所述推拉电磁铁伸出端连接。
优选的，所述机架上水平设置一支撑板，所述退盖驱动装置包括至少一个设置在所述支撑板上的花键轴，所述花键轴的一端螺纹连接在所述支撑板上、所述花键轴的另一端可旋转地设置在所述退盖板上；还包括一限制所述退盖板沿所述花键轴的轴向单向或双向移动的限位装置，还包括至少一个用以驱动所述花键轴旋转的第三驱动电机。
优选的，所述支撑板上对应所述花键轴可旋转地设置有若干个套设在所述花键轴上的花键套，所述花键轴的中部上沿其轴向设置
有花键，所述花键套内侧沿其轴向设置有收容所述花键的花键槽，所述第三驱动电机连接所述花键套以驱动所述花键套旋转。
优选的，所述第三驱动电机通过传动带连接所述花键套以驱动所述花键套旋转，所述花键套的外壁设置有与所述传动带啮合的轮齿。
优选的，所述花键套通过第一轴承可旋转地设置在所述支撑板上。
优选的，所述花键轴的一端穿过设置在所述退盖板上的安装孔伸出所述退盖板外，且其在所述退盖板外的部分设置有一环形的卡槽，所述限位装置为卡设在所述卡槽内的卡箍。
优选的，所述安装孔内设置一第二轴承，所述第二轴承套设在所述花键轴上，并被限制在所述花键和卡箍之间。
优选的，所述退盖板上通过螺钉固定设置一环形的用以固定所述第二轴承的压板。
优选的，所述支撑板上固定设置有四个螺母，四个所述花键轴分别螺纹连接在一所述螺母上。
优选的，所述第三驱动电机的输出轴上套设一驱动齿轮，所述传动带套设在所述驱动齿轮和四个所述花键套的轮齿上。
优选的，所述托盘上可更换地设置有适配器，不同的所述适配器具有不同的高度，以匹配不同高度的试管，使得试管上的管帽位于预先设定的同一高度上。
优选的，所述适配器上部设有凸出的边缘，用于限制试管架的位置；所述托盘上设有定位凹槽，所述适配器下部有与所述定位凹
槽形相配的定位块；所述托盘上设置有吸附块；所述适配器上还设置一与所述吸附块通过磁力相互吸引的磁性压块，以将所述适配器吸附于所述托盘之上，所述磁性压块和吸附块中至少一个为永磁体。
优选的，所述旋盖电机通过齿轮组驱动一个或多个所述扭力限制机构旋转。
优选的，所述扭力限制机构包括由弹簧压紧的两对相互啮合的偏齿，所述偏齿一侧为斜面，另一侧垂直。
优选的，还包括一控制所述第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机及旋盖电机旋转、以及所述退盖机构运动的控制单元。
优选的，还包括一个与所述控制单元连接的、用以输入指令的触摸屏；所述机架上还水平设置一对用以检测试管上是否有管帽的光电传感器；所述机架上还设置两个位于所述托盘下方以支撑所述托盘的滚轮。
本发明的有益效果是：利用电机驱动丝杠带动起子头模组上下移动，以及盛放托盘的托盘伸出、收入，使起子头更加精准的插入管帽，并旋开或关闭管帽。本发明还可以通过更换不同高度的适配器来适应不同高度的试管，扩大了其适用范围。通过磁性压块和吸附块来快速固定适配器，使得其更换和安装非常方便；通过退盖机构实现自动去除起子头上的管帽。
图1为本发明某一实施例的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明某一实施例的正视结构示意图；
图3为本发明某一实施例的侧视结构示意图；
图4是起子头模组和退盖机构的正视结构示意图；
图5是扭力限制器的结构示意图；
图6是采用了不同规格的适配器的正视结构示意图；
图7为本发明另一实施例的立体结构示意图；
图8为本发明另一实施例的正视结构示意图；
图9为本发明另一实施例的侧视结构示意图；
图10是另一实施例的退盖机构的立体图；
图11是另一实施例的退盖机构加上起子头的立体图；
图12是另一实施例的退盖机构的剖视结构示意图。
下面结合具体实施方式对本专利的技术方案作进一步详细地说明。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1至图12所示，本发明的一种多通道开盖器包括机架10。机架10上设置一可上下移动的起子头模组11，起子头模组11包括若干个可旋转的起子头12(见图2)以及驱动起子头12旋转的旋盖电机14。起子头模组11下方设置一托盘16，托盘16上可更换地设置一适配器19。适配器19上设置有多个用以放置多个试管18的试
管架17，适配器19具有多个不同高度的规格(如图2和图6所示)，以适应不同规格的试管，通过选择合适的适配器19来确保全部试管18的管帽高度均位于预设高度。该预设高度也即起子头12下降后，进行开盖和合盖的合适高度。
如图4所示，本发明的某一实施例中还提供一种退盖机构，该退盖机构包括设置在固定在起子头模组上的推拉电磁铁3，以及退盖板4，退盖板4与推拉电磁铁3的伸出端连接。退盖板4上设置有若干个供起子头穿过的导向孔52，导向孔52的直径大于起子头12，小于管帽，以起到导向的作用。其工作原理是，推拉电磁铁3不工作时，退盖板4处于升起的位置，位于管帽上方。当推拉电磁铁3工作时，其伸出，推动退盖板4下降，将套在起子头上的管帽顶下使其与起子头脱离。推拉电磁铁3的结构和工作原理为业界所熟知，所以未详细描述。
如图2所示，本发明实施例中，设计了如下用以固定适配器的结构：托盘16上设置有4个定位凹槽及吸附块22，适配器19上对应定位凹槽设置有4个定位柱5(或称定位块)，定位柱5插入到定位凹槽中，以实现适配器的定位。适配器19上部有高起的边缘，下部有磁性压块20。其中磁性压块20和吸附块22中至少一个为永
磁体，另一个为永磁体或铁。磁性压块20和吸附块22的磁力吸附作用，正好将适配器19固定住。适配器19上部有高起的边缘用以给试管架17限位。上述结构仅是一种方便快速固定适配器19的方案，本发明不限于上述固定方案。
在机架10上还水平设置一对用以检测试管上是否有管帽的光电传感器6。光电传感器6的高度恰好位于管帽高度，两个光电传感器6的连线恰好垂直托盘16的行程上，这样就可以在托盘16进出时，检测其上的试管是否有管帽，从而提高设备的安全性，避免因为意外遗留的管帽给设备造成危害。光电传感器6的选型及设置均为业界的基本技能，因而未详细表示和限定。
如图3所示，机架10上水平设置有丝杠导轨7，其包括水平丝杠26和导轨24，第一驱动电机28带动水平丝杠26旋转，使连接在导轨24上的托盘16沿水平方向移动，即托盘16伸出或收回。当其出来时方便放置试管，其进去则可自动化进行开盖和合盖作业。机架10上还设置两个位于托盘16下方以支撑托盘16的滚轮46，以使得其伸出或收回都非常平稳。机架10上在垂直方向上也设有1个由第二驱动电机32驱动的丝杠导轨7，起子头模组及退盖机构设置在该丝杠导轨7上，通过第二驱动电机32带动起子头模组11及
退盖机构在垂直方向上上下移动。该丝杠导轨7的设计和使用均为业界所熟知，因而未详细图示。籍此结构，起子头模组11及退盖机构可上下移动，以实现起子头12向下试管的管帽接触，从而通过旋转开盖的作业，或者将原设置在起子头12上的管帽向下移动与试管接触，通过旋转实现合盖作业。管帽上端面上设置有横截面为多边形的孔，起子头12与其形相配，籍此以带动管帽旋转，此结构已为本人所另外申请的前案所公开，因此未做详细图示。本发明实施例中，第一驱动装置和第二驱动装置均为电机，其配合丝杠来驱动，其实其也可以根据需要改为气缸，同样可以实现相同的目的，但是电机的使用具有稳定性高，精度高的优点。
如图4所示，顶板30上设置有若干个扭力限制器34，扭力限制器34一端连接旋盖电机14通过齿轮传动结构(未图示)传动输出的轴，另一端连接起子头12。齿轮传动结构通常是由若干个齿轮组成的齿轮组，其通过齿轮传动的方式，将旋盖电机14的动力输送到一个或多个扭力限制器34上，其具体的实现方式是业界所熟知的技术，合理选用即可。扭力限制器34结构有很多种，本发明提供一种实现方式：扭力限制器34使用弹簧44压紧两个偏齿结构：受电机输出轴带动的偏齿40和起子头12的根部的偏齿42。闭盖工作时，
偏齿40与偏齿42的斜齿面相互咬合，一旦扭力过大，斜齿面相互滑动释放过大扭力。开盖时，偏齿40与偏齿42的直尺面相互咬合，此时无论多大的力也不会滑动，确保管帽能打开。此结构在本申请人的在先专利CN104118835B更为清楚地揭示。
本发明还包括一与控制单元连接的、用以输入指令的触摸屏(未图示)，其配合控制单元可以虚拟出多个按钮，实现托盘16伸出、托盘16收入、开盖、合盖等作业，还可以设置转速、上升下降的速度等，实现功能多样化。
本发明的设备是如此工作的:
一、开盖时，
第一步，操作者触碰触摸屏上的托盘16伸出指令的按钮，或通过上位机发送相同指令，令托盘16伸出。
第二步，在托盘16上装上适配特定试管的适配器19，然后在适配器19上放上相应的试管，使管帽位置处于预设高度。
第三步，触碰触摸屏上的开盖指令按钮，或通过上位机发送相同指令，在接受这个指令后，控制单元按照预设程序完成一系列开盖动作：
1，托盘16缩回。
2，固定在机架10上特定高度的传感器(光电检测模组)检测试管的管帽是否存在，如果未检测到试管管帽，则系统报错。
3，如检测到管帽，托盘16缩回到特定位置后，全部起子头12
开始下降到预设高度。在这个预设高度上，起子头12恰好可以插入管帽内对应的形状中。然后控制单元给旋盖电机14发送指令，旋盖电机14旋转将管帽打开，并通过垂直滑轨将起子头12提升到一定的高度，使管帽与试管彻底分离。
4，托盘16携带去除管帽的试管伸出，完成开盖动作。操作者或上位机将去除管帽的试管取走。
托盘16这时可以保持伸出状态，或由操作者或上位机发出指令缩回还原到初始位置。
二、关盖时，
第一步，以托盘16处于初始位置为例，操作者触碰触摸屏上的托盘16伸出指令的按钮，或通过上位机发送相同指令，令托盘16伸出。
第二步，将需要安装管帽的试管放在适配器19上。
第三步，触碰触摸屏上的关盖指令按钮，或通过上位机发送相同指令，在接受这个指令后，控制单元按照预设程序完成一系列关盖动作：
1，托盘16缩回。
2，固定在开盖器框架上特定高度的传感器检测试管的管帽是否存在，如果检测到试管管帽，则系统报错。
3，如未检测到管帽，托盘16缩回到特定位置后，起子头12开始下降到预设高度。在这个预设高度上，起子头12上携带的管帽恰好可以插入试管口。然后控制单元给旋盖电机14发送指令，旋盖电机14旋转将管帽旋紧，并多旋转几圈。带有扭力限制器34的起子
头12在管帽旋紧到位后可以卸掉旋盖电机14施加的扭力，从而保证所有的管帽都恰当地旋紧。
4，起子头12上升一点高度,然后控制单元发出指令，启动退盖机构工作，推动退盖板4下行，将旋好管帽的试管从起子头12上顶出退下。
5、控制托盘16伸出。
本发明通过不同高度的适配器19与不同高度的试管结合，使管帽位于预先设定的特定高度，从而简化了控制系统的设计难度。使得本发明可以适配不同高度的试管，并有效完成管帽开闭。由于使用中存在管帽悬于开盖器中的情况，为了避免冲突，加装传感器，提供了一种校正程序的机制。上述发明针对此前的两种发明，实现了高通量，高可靠性和更高程度的自动化。尽管控制单元(如：PLC)不算是特别先进的控制技术，但成本低廉，可靠性高，便于产品的批量化生产。控制单元的工作过程的实现是业界的常用手段，本领域普通技术人员可根据需要进行设计和编程；且其本身非本发明的创新点所在。
如图7至图12所示，本发明还提供另外一种退盖机构的实施例：
前一实施例中，退盖机构设计了用4个推拉电磁铁3推动退盖板4将管帽顶下的方式，以实现管帽和起子头12的脱离。但推拉电磁铁3功耗大，效率低，容易因细微的不同步导致退盖的失败；且在使用时撞击产生的噪音让人不悦。
机架10上设置一支撑板50，支撑板50上活动设置退盖板4，退盖板4与支撑板50相互平行。退盖板4上设置有多个用以安装批
头的导向孔52，用以安装多个起子头12，以实现多个瓶盖的同步旋紧或旋松。支撑板50上垂直于支撑板50地设置有4个花键轴54，花键轴54的一端螺纹连接在支撑板50上、花键轴54的另一端可旋转地设置在退盖板4上，还包括一限制退盖板4沿花键轴54的轴向单向或双向移动的限位装置，还包括至少一个用以驱动花键轴54旋转的第三驱动电机56。上述结构即可实现第三驱动电机56驱动花键轴54旋转，因为花键轴54螺纹连接在支撑板50上，因此其旋转会同时导致其在轴向上直线移动，通过限位装置从而带动退盖板4上升或下降。
第三驱动电机56驱动花键轴54旋转的方式有很多，比如齿轮传动、皮带传动等，业界普通技术人员可以根据需要做出合理选用。限位装置用以将花键轴54限制在退盖板4上，以使得花键轴54直线移动时，传动带58动退盖板4移动。限位装置有很多实现方式，例如卡销，过盈配合的轴承等等。
该实施例中，支撑板50上对应花键轴54可旋转地设置有4个套设在花键轴54上的花键套60，花键轴54的中部上沿其轴向向外凸出地设置有花键62，花键套60内侧沿其轴向设置有收容花键62的花键槽(花键62及其花键槽的配合方式为机械领域常用手段，未图示)。花键套60通过第一轴承64可旋转地设置在支撑板50上。第三驱动电机56通过传动带58连接花键套60以驱动花键套60旋转，花键套60的外壁设置有与传动带58啮合的轮齿(其为机械领域常用手段，未图示)。
花键轴54的一端穿过设置在退盖板4上的安装孔(未图示)伸
出退盖板4外，且其在退盖板4外的部分设置有一环形的卡槽，限位装置为卡设在卡槽内的卡箍66。安装孔内设置一第二轴承68，第二轴承68套设在花键轴54上，并被限制在花键和卡箍66之间，这使得花键轴54沿其轴向上下移动时，可以带动退盖板4同时上下移动。
退盖板4上通过螺钉固定设置一环形的用以固定第二轴承68的压板70。
进一步地，支撑板50上固定设置有四个螺母72，四个花键轴54分别螺纹连接在一螺母72上。
进一步地，第三驱动电机56的输出轴上套设一驱动齿轮74，传动带58套设在驱动齿轮74和四个花键套60的轮齿上。
本实施例的退盖机构采用传动效率较高的传动带58，能量损失低。使用传动带58传动，可以保证4个花键套60旋转的高度同步性，并且花键轴54通过螺纹转变成径向运动时，力有进一步放大的效果。这保证了与花键轴54连接的退盖板4运行的平顺和给退盖板4提供足够的推力，并且避免了上一实施例中的推拉电磁铁3撞击时产生的噪音。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (19)
- 一种多通道开盖器，其包括机架，其特征在于：所述机架上设置有起子头模组和托盘，以及驱动所述起子头模组垂直移动的第一驱动装置和驱动所述托盘水平移动的第二驱动装置；所述起子头模组包括多个旋盖电机，所述旋盖电机通过连接一个或多个扭力限制机构以驱动所述扭力限制机构旋转，每个所述扭力限制机构均连接一个起子头；还包括一退盖机构，所述退盖机构包括固定设置在所述起子头模组上的退盖驱动装置，以及由所述退盖驱动装置驱动的可相对起子头相对上下移动的退盖板。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述第一驱动装置为垂直设置在所述机架上的丝杠导轨及驱动该丝杠导轨的第一驱动电机，所述第二驱动装置为水平设置在所述机架上的丝杠导轨及驱动该丝杠导轨的第二驱动电机；其中，所述起子头模组及退盖机构设置在垂直方向的丝杠导轨上，所述托盘设置在水平方向的丝杠导轨上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述退盖板上有多个供所述起子头穿过的导向孔，所述导向孔直径大于所述起子头、且小于管帽。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述退盖驱动装置为一个或多个推拉电磁铁、所述退盖板水平设置并与所述推拉电磁铁伸出端连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述机架上水平设置一支撑板，所述退盖驱动装置包括至少一个设置在所述支撑板上的花键轴，所述花键轴的一端螺纹连接在所述支撑板 上、所述花键轴的另一端可旋转地设置在所述退盖板上；还包括一限制所述退盖板沿所述花键轴的轴向单向或双向移动的限位装置，还包括至少一个用以驱动所述花键轴旋转的第三驱动电机。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述支撑板上对应所述花键轴可旋转地设置有若干个套设在所述花键轴上的花键套，所述花键轴的中部上沿其轴向设置有花键，所述花键套内侧沿其轴向设置有收容所述花键的花键槽，所述第三驱动电机连接所述花键套以驱动所述花键套旋转。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述第三驱动电机通过传动带连接所述花键套以驱动所述花键套旋转，所述花键套的外壁设置有与所述传动带啮合的轮齿。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述花键套通过第一轴承可旋转地设置在所述支撑板上。
- 根据权利要求8所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述花键轴的一端穿过设置在所述退盖板上的导向孔伸出所述退盖板外，且其在所述退盖板外的部分设置有一环形的卡槽，所述限位装置为卡设在所述卡槽内的卡箍。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述安装孔内设置一第二轴承，所述第二轴承套设在所述花键轴上，并被限制在所述花键和卡箍之间。
- 根据权利要求10所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述退盖板上通过螺钉固定设置一环形的用以固定所述第二轴承的压板。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述支撑板上固定设置有四个螺母，四个所述花键轴分别螺纹连接在一所述螺母上。
- 根据权利要求12所述的一种多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述第三驱动电机的输出轴上套设一驱动齿轮，所述传动带套设在所述驱动齿轮和四个所述花键套的轮齿上。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述托盘上可更换地设置有适配器，不同的所述适配器具有不同的高度，以匹配不同高度的试管，使得试管上的管帽位于预先设定的同一高度上。
- 根据权利要求14所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述适配器上部设有凸出的边缘，用于限制试管架的位置；所述托盘上设有定位凹槽，所述适配器下部有与所述定位凹槽形相配的定位块；所述托盘上设置有吸附块；所述适配器上还设置一与所述吸附块通过磁力相互吸引的磁性压块，以将所述适配器吸附于所述托盘之上，所述磁性压块和吸附块中至少一个为永磁体。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述旋盖电机通过齿轮组驱动一个或多个所述扭力限制机构旋转。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：所述扭力限制机构包括由弹簧压紧的两对相互啮合的偏齿，所述偏齿一侧为斜面，另一侧垂直。
- 根据权利要求1所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：还包括一控制所述第一驱动电机、第二驱动电机及旋盖电机旋转、以及 所述退盖机构运动的控制单元。
- 根据权利要求18所述的多通道开盖器，其特征在于：还包括一个与所述控制单元连接的、用以输入指令的触摸屏；所述机架上还水平设置一对用以检测试管上是否有管帽的光电传感器；所述机架上还设置两个位于所述托盘下方以支撑所述托盘的滚轮。
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| CN217498641U (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-27 | 苏州华兴源创科技股份有限公司 | 自动开盖机 |
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| CN104118835A (zh) * | 2014-08-07 | 2014-10-29 | 苏州百泉信息科技有限公司 | 一种螺旋盖管开盖器 |
| US20190375619A1 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2019-12-12 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | A Capping And De-Capping Apparatus And A Method Of Operating Such An Apparatus |
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| CN217126883U (zh) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-08-05 | 杭州百伴生物技术有限公司 | 一种多通道开盖器 |
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| CN117842920A (zh) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-04-09 | 北京华龛生物科技有限公司 | 高效连续自动冻存管开关盖灌装系统 |
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