WO2023190891A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries and a method for producing the positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is a secondary battery that meets these requirements.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, etc., and a material capable of desorbing and inserting lithium is used as the active material of the negative electrode and positive electrode.
- lithium ion secondary batteries have high energy density, output characteristics, and durability.
- lithium-ion secondary batteries that use layered or spinel-type lithium metal composite oxide as the positive electrode material are in the 4V class. Since high voltage can be obtained, it is being put into practical use as a battery with high energy density.
- lithium cobalt composite oxide LiCoO 2
- lithium nickel composite oxide LiNiO 2
- lithium Nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2
- lithium manganese composite oxide using manganese LiMn 2 O 4
- lithium nickel manganese composite oxide LiNi 0.5 Lithium metal composite oxides such as Mn 0.5 O 2
- Patent Document 1 discloses that the positive electrode active material particles include positive electrode active material particles and a metal sulfide composited on the surface of the positive electrode active material particles, and the total mass of the metal sulfides is the total mass of the positive electrode active material particles.
- Coated particles for lithium ion secondary batteries have been proposed, in which the metal sulfide has a layered structure.
- an object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery that can improve cycle characteristics when used in a lithium ion secondary battery. shall be.
- lithium metal composite oxide particles and one or more types of additive particles selected from aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery having a specific surface area of 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less is provided.
- a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery that can improve cycle characteristics when used in a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as "positive electrode active material”) of the present embodiment includes lithium metal composite oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, and silicon oxide particles. particles, and one or more types of additive particles selected from zirconium oxide particles.
- the positive electrode active material of this embodiment can have a specific surface area of 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less.
- the positive electrode active material of this embodiment can include lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles as described above. Note that the positive electrode active material of this embodiment can also be composed only of lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles. However, even in this case, the case where unavoidable impurities are contained is not excluded.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles contained in the positive electrode active material of this embodiment will be explained below.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles are particles of a lithium metal composite oxide, which is an oxide containing lithium and an arbitrary metal component.
- the specific composition of the lithium metal composite oxide is not particularly limited, and various lithium metal composite oxides that can intercalate and deintercalate lithium ions, that is, can intercalate and deintercalate lithium ions, can be suitably used.
- the lithium metal composite oxide one or more types selected from, for example, a lithium metal composite oxide having a spinel type structure, a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure, a lithium metal composite oxide having an olivine type structure, etc. Can be used.
- a1, x1, and y1 in the above formula preferably satisfy 0.96 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 1.25, 0.40 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.60, and 0 ⁇ y1 ⁇ 0.20, respectively.
- Element M1 is magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). It can be one or more elements selected from the group.
- a lithium metal composite oxide having a spinel structure can be represented by the general formula Li a1 Mn 2-x1-y1 Ni x1 M1 y1 O 4+ ⁇ , for example. Note that since a1, x1, and y1 in the above general formula have already been described, their explanation will be omitted here. Further, ⁇ is preferably ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ 0.2, for example.
- a2, x2, and y2 in the above formula preferably satisfy 0.95 ⁇ a2 ⁇ 1.50, 0 ⁇ x2 ⁇ 0.35, and 0 ⁇ y2 ⁇ 0.35, respectively.
- element M2 is magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V), molybdenum (Mo), It can be one or more elements selected from tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), and tantalum (Ta).
- the lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure can be represented by the general formula Li a2 Ni 1-x2-y2 Co x2 M2 y2 O 2+ ⁇ , for example. Note that since a2, x2, and y2 in the above general formula have already been described, their explanation will be omitted here. Further, ⁇ preferably satisfies, for example, 0 ⁇ 0.10.
- the lithium metal composite oxide having an olivine structure can include, for example, lithium (Li), element M3 (M3), phosphorus (P), and oxygen (O), and can be represented by the general formula LiM3PO4 + ⁇ . I can do it.
- the element M3 can be, for example, one or more elements selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Mg, Nb, Ti, Al, and Zr, or VO. It is preferable that ⁇ is, for example, ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ 0.2.
- the average particle size of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface area of the lithium metal composite oxide particles can be made sufficiently large, and absorption and release of lithium ions can be sufficiently promoted between the lithium metal composite oxide particles and the electrolyte. .
- the average particle size of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is 2 ⁇ m or more, as this can improve handleability.
- the average particle size of the lithium metal composite oxide particles can be evaluated in the same manner as for the additive particles described below.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied positive electrode active materials for lithium ion secondary batteries that can improve cycle characteristics when used in lithium ion secondary batteries. As a result, it has been found that by using a positive electrode active material containing lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles, cycle characteristics can be improved when used in a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the additive particles can be dispersed and arranged on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles.
- the additive particles one or more types selected from, for example, aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles can be used.
- the additive particles such as aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles, have corrosion resistance. For this reason, additive particles are dispersed and placed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles to prevent reactions that occur between the electrolyte and the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles that degrade the lithium metal composite oxide. It is thought that this can be suppressed. That is, it is considered that the additive particles act as an artificial SEI (artificial-solid electrolyte interface) and suppress the above-mentioned side reaction occurring between the electrolyte and the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles.
- SEI artificial-solid electrolyte interface
- the additive particles are only placed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles, they hardly inhibit the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Therefore, compared to the case where no additive particles are added, cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining or improving other battery characteristics.
- the additive particles as described above, one or more types selected from aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles can be used. That is, the additive particles may be any of aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles, and aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, It may be a mixture of two or more types of particles selected from silicon oxide particles and zirconium oxide particles.
- the type of crystal phase of the contained titanium oxide is not particularly limited. Further, the crystal phase is not particularly limited, and may be either a single phase or a co-phase. However, from the viewpoint of particularly improving cycle characteristics, the crystal phase of titanium oxide contained in titanium oxide particles is a single rutile phase among rutile phase, anatase phase, and brookite phase, or the rutile phase is the main phase. It is preferable.
- the main phase here means the phase with the highest content ratio in terms of mass ratio.
- the type of crystal phase of the contained zirconium oxide is not particularly limited. Further, the crystal phase is not particularly limited to either a single phase or a co-phase, and cubic stabilized zirconium may be obtained by adding calcium, magnesium, hafnium, etc. to zirconium oxide.
- the crystal phase of the zirconium oxide contained in the zirconium oxide particles is preferably monoclinic, tetragonal, or cubic, and the main phase is preferably tetragonal.
- the main phase here means the phase with the highest content ratio in terms of mass ratio.
- the state of the additive particles is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that they are dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles to modify the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles.
- the average particle size of the additive particles used in the positive electrode active material of this embodiment is not particularly limited, but, for example, the average particle size is preferably 300 nm or less, and more preferably 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the additive particles when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, the additive particles can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. At this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be particularly improved while maintaining the battery characteristics. Furthermore, according to studies by the inventors of the present invention, the positive electrode resistance of the lithium ion secondary battery using the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment at SOC 50% at low temperature and room temperature after repeated charging and discharging. can be suppressed more than a lithium ion secondary battery using a positive electrode active material to which no additive particles are added. Note that SOC means State of Charge, and can also be rephrased as charging rate.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter of the additive particles to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to set it to 10 nm or more, for example, as described above, because it provides excellent handling properties.
- the method of determining the average particle size of the added particles is not particularly limited, but it can be observed and measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Specifically, for example, first, the added particles are observed using a SEM or the like to obtain an image.
- the magnification for observation is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50,000 times or more.
- the upper limit of the magnification is also not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of efficient observation, it is preferably 1,000,000 times or less, and more preferably 100,000 times or less.
- 100 additive particles are arbitrarily selected from the obtained image, a circumscribed circle circumscribing the outline of each selected particle is drawn, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle is defined as the particle size of each particle. Then, the average value of the particle diameters of the 100 particles evaluated can be taken as the average particle diameter of the added particles.
- the specific surface area of the additive particles used is not particularly limited, but when the additive particles are aluminum oxide particles, it is preferably 20 m 2 /g or more and 180 m 2 /g or less, and 65 m 2 /g or more and 180 m 2 /g or less. It is more preferable.
- the specific surface area of the aluminum oxide particles is preferably 20 m 2 /g or more, sufficiently fine particles can be obtained. Therefore, when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, it can be particularly uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Further, at this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining the battery characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the aluminum oxide particles used be 180 m 2 /g or less, since this provides excellent handling properties.
- the specific surface area of the titanium oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 30 m 2 /g or more and 180 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the titanium oxide particles is set to 30 m 2 /g or more, sufficiently fine particles can be obtained. Therefore, when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, it can be particularly uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Further, at this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining the battery characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the titanium oxide particles used be 180 m 2 /g or less, since this provides excellent handling properties.
- the specific surface area of the magnesium oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 65 m 2 /g or more and 180 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the magnesium oxide particles is 65 m 2 /g or more, sufficiently fine particles can be obtained. Therefore, when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, it can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Further, at this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining the battery characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the magnesium oxide used be 180 m 2 /g or less, since this provides excellent handling properties.
- the specific surface area of the silicon oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 30 m 2 /g or more and 250 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the silicon oxide particles is set to 30 m 2 /g or more, sufficiently fine particles can be obtained. Therefore, when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, it can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Further, at this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining the battery characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the silicon oxide particles used be 250 m 2 /g or less, since this provides excellent handling properties.
- the specific surface area of the zirconium oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, 30 m 2 /g or more and 250 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the zirconium oxide particles is set to 30 m 2 /g or more, sufficiently fine particles can be obtained. Therefore, when added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles, it can be particularly uniformly dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. Further, at this time, the movement of lithium ions between the electrolyte and the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not inhibited, and the cycle characteristics can be improved while maintaining the battery characteristics.
- the specific surface area of the zirconium oxide particles used be 250 m 2 /g or less, since this provides excellent handling properties.
- the amount of additive particles added to the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not particularly limited.
- the ratio of additive particles to the lithium metal composite oxide particles is preferably 0.025% by mass or more and 3.0% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less. .
- the ratio of additive particles to the lithium metal composite oxide particles By setting the ratio of additive particles to the lithium metal composite oxide particles to be 0.025% by mass or more, a sufficient amount of additive particles can be arranged on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles, and the cycle characteristics can be particularly improved. can.
- the ratio of the additive particles to the lithium metal composite oxide particles is preferably 3.0% by mass or less.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material of this embodiment can be 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less, and can be 0.29 m 2 /g or more and 3.8 m 2 /g or less. preferable.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment is 4.0 m 2 /g or less, it is possible to suppress the addition particles from being arranged in an excessive amount on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles, and to prevent the lithium ion When used in a secondary battery, the battery capacity can be sufficiently increased.
- the positive electrode active material of this embodiment preferably has a predetermined specific surface area depending on the particle structure of the lithium metal composite oxide that serves as the base material.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material of this embodiment is preferably 1.0 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less, and 1. More preferably, the area is .2 m 2 /g or more and 3.8 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material of this embodiment is preferably 0.50 m 2 /g or more and 2.5 m 2 /g or less, More preferably, it is 0.55 m 2 /g or more and 2.3 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material of this embodiment is 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 2.0 m 2 /g or less. It is preferably 0.29 m 2 /g or more and 1.8 m 2 /g or less.
- the porous structure refers to a particle structure that includes voids and the voids are dispersed throughout the particles.
- the average value of the porosity measured in the cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is 15% or more.
- the upper limit of the average value of the porosity measured in the cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 85% or less, for example.
- the hollow structure refers to a particle structure that has a hollow part consisting of a space located at the center of the particle and an outer shell part located outside the hollow part.
- the average value of porosity measured in the cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is 15% or more.
- the upper limit of the average value of the porosity measured in the cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 85% or less, for example.
- a solid structure means a particle that contains almost no voids inside the particle, and the average value of the porosity measured in the cross section of the particle is less than 15%.
- the average value of porosity in the particle cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide can be determined by the following procedure.
- a particle group of lithium metal composite oxide to be measured is embedded in a resin, and then cut with a cross-section polisher (CP) to expose a cross section of the particle group. Image using a scanning electron microscope.
- the obtained cross-sectional image of the particle group is analyzed by image analysis software to identify voids as black areas and dense areas such as outer shells as white areas. Then, for the cross sections of 20 or more particles, the porosity of each particle is calculated using the following formula (A).
- the particles for calculating the porosity [Area of black area/(Area of black area + Area of white area) x 100]...(A)
- the particles having a particle size substantially equal to the D 50 particle size are preferably particles whose particle size is within D 50 ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the average value of the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide can be determined.
- Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary battery Next, a configuration example of a method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also simply referred to as a "method for manufacturing a positive electrode active material") of the present embodiment will be described.
- the above-described positive electrode active material can be manufactured. For this reason, some of the matters already explained will be omitted.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes lithium metal composite oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, magnesium oxide particles, silicon oxide particles, and zirconium oxide particles. It can include a mixing step of mixing one or more types of additive particles.
- the materials can be mixed so that the specific surface area of the resulting positive electrode active material is 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles have already been explained in the positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries, so their explanation will be omitted here. Note that it is preferable to use particles having an average particle size of 300 nm or less as the additive particles.
- a general mixer can be used to mix the lithium metal composite oxide particles and the additive particles, such as a shaker mixer, Loedige mixer, Julia mixer, V blender, etc.
- One or more types can be used.
- the mixing conditions in the mixing step are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to select conditions such that the raw material components are sufficiently mixed without destroying the bulk of the raw material particles such as lithium metal composite oxide particles. .
- the mixing ratio of the lithium metal composite oxide particles and the additive particles is not particularly limited.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles and additive particles are selected so that the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material obtained after the mixing step is 0.25 m 2 /g or more and 4.0 m 2 /g or less, It is also preferable to select the mixing ratio.
- the lithium ion secondary battery (hereinafter also referred to as "secondary battery") of the present embodiment can have a positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material described above.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment includes, for example, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and is constructed from the same components as a general lithium ion secondary battery.
- the embodiment described below is merely an example, and the lithium ion secondary battery of this embodiment can be implemented with various changes and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, including the embodiment below. can do. Further, the use of the secondary battery is not particularly limited.
- the positive electrode of the secondary battery of this embodiment can include the positive electrode active material described above.
- a method for manufacturing a positive electrode will be described below.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material (powder), conductive material, and binder are mixed to form a positive electrode mixture, and if necessary, activated carbon and a solvent for purposes such as viscosity adjustment are added.
- a positive electrode composite paste can be prepared by kneading this.
- the mixing ratio of each material in the positive electrode mixture is a factor that determines the performance of a lithium ion secondary battery, so it can be adjusted depending on the application.
- the mixing ratio of the materials can be the same as that of the positive electrode of a known lithium ion secondary battery.
- the ratio of the positive electrode active material to It can contain a conductive material in a proportion of 60% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, a conductive material in a proportion of 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and a binder in a proportion of 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the obtained positive electrode composite paste is applied to the surface of a current collector made of aluminum foil, for example, and dried to scatter the solvent, thereby producing a sheet-like positive electrode. If necessary, pressure can be applied using a roll press or the like to increase the electrode density.
- the sheet-like positive electrode thus obtained can be cut into an appropriate size depending on the intended battery and used for battery production.
- the conductive material for example, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, etc.), carbon black-based materials such as acetylene black and Ketjenblack (registered trademark), etc. can be used.
- the binder plays a role in binding the active material particles, and includes, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluororubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, styrene butadiene, and cellulose.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- fluororubber ethylene propylene diene rubber
- styrene butadiene styrene butadiene
- cellulose cellulose
- One or more types selected from resins, polyacrylic acids, etc. can be used.
- a solvent for dispersing the positive electrode active material, conductive material, etc. and dissolving the binder can also be added to the positive electrode mixture.
- an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as the solvent.
- activated carbon can also be added to the positive electrode composite material in order to increase the electric double layer capacity.
- the method for producing the positive electrode is not limited to the above-mentioned example, and other methods may be used.
- it can also be manufactured by press-molding a positive electrode mixture and then drying it in a vacuum atmosphere.
- (Negative electrode) Metal lithium, lithium alloy, etc. can be used for the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode is made by mixing a negative electrode active material that can absorb and desorb lithium ions with a binder, and adding an appropriate solvent to make a paste. A product formed by coating, drying, and compressing to increase the electrode density if necessary may be used.
- the negative electrode active material for example, fired organic compounds such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and phenol resin, and powdered carbon materials such as coke can be used.
- a fluororesin such as PVDF
- an organic resin such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- Solvents can be used.
- a separator can be placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, if necessary. The separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and holds the electrolyte, and can be of any known type.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte As the non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, a non-aqueous electrolyte can be used.
- non-aqueous electrolyte for example, one in which a lithium salt as a supporting salt is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used. Further, as the non-aqueous electrolyte, an ionic liquid in which a lithium salt is dissolved may be used. Note that the ionic liquid refers to a salt that is composed of cations and anions other than lithium ions and is liquid even at room temperature.
- organic solvents include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and trifluoropropylene carbonate, linear carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate, and tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. and ether compounds such as dimethoxyethane, sulfur compounds such as ethylmethylsulfone and butane sultone, and phosphorus compounds such as triethyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate, etc. may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. It can also be used.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and trifluoropropylene carbonate
- linear carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, and dipropyl carbonate
- the nonaqueous electrolyte may contain a radical scavenger, a surfactant, a flame retardant, and the like.
- a solid electrolyte may be used as the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a solid electrolyte has the property of being able to withstand high voltage.
- Examples of the solid electrolyte include inorganic solid electrolytes and organic solid electrolytes.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include oxide-based solid electrolytes, sulfide-based solid electrolytes, and the like.
- oxide-based solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and for example, one containing oxygen (O) and having lithium ion conductivity and electronic insulation can be suitably used.
- oxide- based solid electrolytes include lithium phosphate ( Li 3 PO 4 ) , Li 3 PO 4 N X , LiBO 2 N PO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 -Li 3 VO 4 , Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 , Li 2 O-SiO 2 , Li 2 O-B 2 O 3 -ZnO, Li 1+X Al X Ti 2-X (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1), Li 1+X Al X Ge 2-X (PO 4 ) 3 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1), LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 3 3-X TiO 3 (0 ⁇ X ⁇ 2/3), Li 5 La 3 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6 BaLa 2 Ta 2 O 12 , Li 3.6 Si 0.6
- P 0.4 lithium phosphate
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and for example, one containing sulfur (S) and having lithium ion conductivity and electronic insulation can be suitably used.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte include Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiI-Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiI-Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , LiI-Li 2 S-B 2 S 3 , Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-Si 2 S, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , LiPO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS, LiI-Li 2 S-P 2 O 5 , LiI-Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 , etc. can be used.
- inorganic solid electrolyte other than those mentioned above may be used, for example, Li 3 N, LiI, Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, etc. may be used.
- the organic solid electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound that exhibits ionic conductivity, and for example, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, copolymers thereof, etc. can be used. Moreover, the organic solid electrolyte may contain a supporting salt (lithium salt). (Shape and configuration of secondary battery) The lithium ion secondary battery of this embodiment described above can be formed into various shapes such as a cylindrical shape and a stacked shape.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment uses a non-aqueous electrolyte as the non-aqueous electrolyte
- the positive electrode and negative electrode are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween to form an electrode body
- the obtained electrode body is impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and current collection leads are connected between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode terminal leading to the outside, and between the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode terminal leading to the outside. It is possible to make a structure in which the battery case is sealed by connecting the battery using a battery case or the like.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment is not limited to a form using a non-aqueous electrolyte as the non-aqueous electrolyte, but can be used, for example, as a secondary battery using a solid non-aqueous electrolyte. It can also be a solid state battery. In the case of an all-solid-state battery, components other than the positive electrode active material can be changed as necessary.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment can be used for various purposes.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment can be a high-capacity, high-output secondary battery, so for example, it can be used as a power source for small portable electronic devices (laptop personal computers, mobile phone terminals, etc.) that always require high capacity. It is also suitable for power sources for electric vehicles that require high output.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment can be made smaller and have higher output, it is suitable as a power source for electric vehicles that are limited in mounting space.
- the secondary battery of this embodiment can be used not only as a power source for electric vehicles that are driven purely by electrical energy, but also as a power source for so-called hybrid vehicles that are used in combination with combustion engines such as gasoline engines and diesel engines. can.
- the average particle diameter of the lithium metal composite oxide particles was also measured in the same manner.
- the laminated batteries prepared in the following experimental examples were charged to a cutoff voltage of 4.2 V at a current density of 0.3 mA/cm 2 in a thermostatic chamber maintained at 25°C, and after a 10-minute rest, Conditioning was performed by repeating 5 cycles of discharging to a cutoff voltage of 2.5V. Note that the initial discharge capacity was defined as the capacity when discharged to 2.5 V when one cycle was performed under the same conditions after conditioning.
- the laminated battery was charged to 50% of the initial discharge capacity, and after a 10-minute pause, it was discharged at a 1C rate for 10 seconds, and the amount of change in voltage during the 10 seconds of discharge at this 1C rate was measured.
- the voltage change amount was divided by the current value to calculate the resistance value (DC-IR), which was taken as the battery DC resistance at SOC 50%, 1C, 10 seconds, 25°C.
- DC-IR the resistance value
- the laminated batteries fabricated in the following multiple experimental examples use the same components other than the positive electrode active material, the battery DC resistance described above can be considered as evaluating the resistance of the positive electrode active material. I reckon.
- the battery direct current resistance that is, the positive electrode resistance was measured in the same manner (positive electrode resistance before cycling).
- the battery After measuring the positive electrode resistance before cycling or after measuring the initial discharge capacity, the battery was charged to a predetermined cutoff voltage at a current density of 2.0 mA/ cm2 in a constant temperature bath maintained at 45°C for 10 minutes. After resting, a cycle of discharging at a 2C rate to a cutoff voltage of 2.5V was repeated for 500 cycles. Then, the capacity retention rate, which is the ratio of the discharge capacity at the 500th cycle after conditioning to the discharge capacity at the first cycle, was calculated and evaluated.
- the cutoff voltage is 4.3V for Experimental Examples 1 to 9, Experimental Examples 17, Experimental Examples 18, Experimental Examples 21 to 25, and Experimental Examples 28 to 31.
- the battery DC resistance at 25°C and -10°C that is, the value of positive electrode resistance
- the structure of the particle cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles used in this experimental example was observed, and the average value of the porosity in the cross section was calculated. Specifically, after embedding particles of lithium metal composite oxide in resin, the cross section of the particle group is exposed by cutting it with a cross-section polisher (CP), and the cross section of the exposed particle group is Images were taken using a microscope. As a result, it was confirmed that the lithium metal composite oxide particles had a solid structure with almost no voids.
- CP cross-section polisher
- the obtained cross-sectional image of the particle group was analyzed using image analysis/measurement software (Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd. WinRoof 6.1.1) to identify voids as black areas and dense areas as white areas, and to identify 20 particles.
- the porosity of the particles was determined.
- the 20 particles whose porosity was determined were particles whose particle size was equal to the D50 particle size at 50% of the volume integrated value in the particle size distribution previously determined by laser diffraction/scattering method for lithium metal composite oxide particles. selected.
- the particle size of each particle was defined as the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the particle in the captured cross-sectional image. In other experimental examples below, particles for which porosity was to be determined were selected in the same manner.
- the average value of the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide particles was calculated. As a result, it was confirmed that the lithium metal composite oxide particles used in this experimental example had an average porosity of 5% or less. Below, it was confirmed that the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide particles having a solid structure used in other Experimental Examples 1 to 27 and Experimental Examples 32 to 34 was 5% or less. are doing.
- the laminate type battery 10 has a structure in which a laminate of a positive electrode film 11, a separator 12, and a negative electrode film 13 is impregnated with an electrolyte and sealed with a laminate 14. There is. Note that a positive electrode tab 15 is connected to the positive electrode film 11 and a negative electrode tab 16 is connected to the negative electrode film 13, respectively, and the positive electrode tab 15 and the negative electrode tab 16 are exposed outside the laminate 14.
- the active material was applied in an amount of 7.0 mg.
- the slurry containing the positive electrode active material was applied onto the Al foil and dried in the air at 120° C. for 30 minutes to remove NMP.
- the Al foil coated with the positive electrode active material was cut into strips with a width of 66 mm and roll pressed at a load of 1.2 t to prepare a positive electrode film. Then, the positive electrode film was cut into a rectangle of 50 mm x 30 mm, dried in a vacuum dryer at 120° C. for 12 hours, and used as the positive electrode film 11 of the laminated battery 10.
- a negative electrode film 13 was prepared in which a negative electrode composite material paste, which was a mixture of graphite powder and polyvinylidene fluoride having an average particle size of about 20 ⁇ m, was applied to copper foil.
- the separator 12 is a polyethylene porous membrane with a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and the electrolyte is a 3:7 mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) with 1M LiPF 6 as a supporting electrolyte (Ube Industries, Ltd. (manufactured by) was used.
- FIG. 2A A SEM image of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 4 is shown in FIG. 2A.
- Example 8 Particles of a lithium metal composite oxide represented by LiNi 0.52 Mn 0.28 Co 0.20 O 2 having a layered structure and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m without adding aluminum oxide particles were used as a positive electrode active material. It was made into a substance. Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure. Then, the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.
- a SEM image of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 8 is shown in FIG. 2B.
- Example 9 As aluminum oxide particles, aluminum oxide particles with an average particle size of 3.1 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 0.92 m 2 /g are obtained by pulverizing aluminum oxide particles with an average particle size of 46.2 ⁇ m using a jet mill. was used. The amount of the aluminum oxide particles added to 100 g of lithium metal composite oxide particles was 0.26 g.
- a positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except for the above points. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 100 g of particles of lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.82 Mn 0.10 Co 0.05 Al 0.03 O 2 with an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m and 0.26 g of aluminum oxide particles having a particle size of 54 nm and a specific surface area of 104 m 2 /g were sufficiently mixed using a shaker mixer to obtain a positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step). Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 A positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 10, except that the amount of aluminum oxide particles added was as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12 A lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.82 Mn 0.10 Co 0.05 Al 0.03 O 2 without adding aluminum oxide particles and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m.
- the particles were used as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 10. Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- Example 13 100 g of particles of lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.85 Mn 0.1 Co 0.05 O 2 with an average particle size of 14.7 ⁇ m and a specific surface area with an average particle size of 54 nm. 0.13 g of aluminum oxide particles having a particle size of 104 m 2 /g were thoroughly mixed using a shaker mixer to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step). Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 3A A SEM image of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 13 is shown in FIG. 3A.
- Example 14 and 15 A positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13, except that the amount of aluminum oxide particles added was as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 16 Particles of lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.85 Mn 0.1 Co 0.05 O 2 and having an average particle size of 14.7 ⁇ m without adding aluminum oxide particles were used as a positive electrode active material. It was made into a substance. Then, the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13. Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- FIG. 3B A SEM image of the positive electrode active material of Experimental Example 16 is shown in FIG. 3B.
- [Experiment example 17] Particles of lithium metal composite oxide and and titanium oxide particles to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step).
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.52 Mn 0.28 Co 0.20 O 2 and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 1. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Furthermore, the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- the titanium oxide particles that were added particles contained a single crystal phase of titanium oxide, which was a rutile phase.
- the average particle diameter of the lithium metal composite oxide particles and titanium oxide particles contained in the positive electrode active material obtained after the mixing process was measured using the evaluation method described above, and it was confirmed that the average particle diameter was the same as before mixing. did it. As already mentioned in Experimental Example 1, the same thing was confirmed in other experimental examples below.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the above positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 18 A positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 17, except that the amount of titanium oxide particles added was as shown in Table 1. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.85 Mn 0.1 Co 0.05 O 2 and having an average particle size of 14.7 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 13. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Furthermore, the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- titanium oxide particles that were added particles contained a single crystal phase of titanium oxide, which was a rutile phase.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.85 Mn 0.1 Co 0.05 O 2 and having an average particle size of 14.7 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 13. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Furthermore, the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- the rutile phase is the main phase.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 13 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the titanium oxide particles used in Experimental Example 17 were used as additive particles. 0.13 g of aluminum oxide particles and 0.17 g of titanium oxide particles were used, respectively. Except for the above points, in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, particles of lithium metal composite oxide, aluminum oxide particles, and titanium oxide particles were mixed to obtain a positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step).
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.52 Mn 0.28 Co 0.20 O 2 and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 1. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.52 Mn 0.28 Co 0.20 O 2 and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 1. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Furthermore, the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- the average particle diameter of the lithium metal composite oxide particles and magnesium oxide particles contained in the positive electrode active material obtained after the mixing process was measured using the evaluation method described above. I was able to confirm that it was the same as before.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the above positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 23 A SEM image of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 22 is shown in FIG.
- Example 23 A positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 22, except that the amount of magnesium oxide particles added was as shown in Table 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 24 Particles of lithium metal composite oxide and , and silicon oxide particles to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step).
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were lithium particles having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.52 Mn 0.28 Co 0.20 O 2 and having an average particle size of 13.0 ⁇ m, the same as in Experimental Example 1. Particles of metal composite oxide were used. Furthermore, the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- the average particle diameter of the lithium metal composite oxide particles and silicon oxide particles contained in the positive electrode active material obtained after the mixing step was measured using the evaluation method described above. I was able to confirm that it was the same as before.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the above positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 25 A positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 24, except that the amount of silicon oxide particles added was as shown in Table 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 26 A SEM image of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 25 is shown in FIG. [Experiment example 26] 100 g of lithium metal composite oxide particles having a layered structure represented by LiNiO 2 with an average particle size of 12.9 ⁇ m, and 0.0 g of zirconium oxide particles with an average particle size of 10 nm and a specific surface area of 221 m 2 /g. 82 g were placed in a nitrogen-purged container and thoroughly mixed using a shaker mixer to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step). Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B SEM images of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 26 are shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- FIG. 6B is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 6A.
- Particles of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNiO 2 and having an average particle size of 12.9 ⁇ m without adding zirconium oxide particles were used as the positive electrode active material. Then, the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 26.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 26 except that the above positive electrode active material was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- 100 g of particles of lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.50 Mn 0.30 Co 0.20 O 2 with an average particle size of 5.2 ⁇ m and a specific surface area with an average particle size of 54 nm. was sufficiently mixed with 0.32 g of aluminum oxide particles having a particle size of 104 m 2 /g using a shaker mixer to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step).
- the structure of the particle cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles used in this experimental example was observed, and the average value of the porosity in the cross section was calculated.
- the cross section of the particle group is exposed by cutting it with a cross-section polisher (CP), and the cross section of the exposed particle group is Images were taken using a microscope.
- CP cross-section polisher
- the particles of lithium metal composite oxide had a hollow structure with a particle structure having a hollow part consisting of a space located in the center and an outer shell part located outside the hollow part. did it.
- the average value of the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide particles was calculated using the method and conditions described in Experimental Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that the average value of the porosity of the hollow structure lithium metal composite oxide used in this experimental example was 15% or more.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 29 A SEM image of a cross section of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 28 is shown in FIG. [Experiment example 29]
- the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide were used as a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 28.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the above positive electrode active material was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- 100 g of particles of lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.50 Mn 0.30 Co 0.20 O 2 with an average particle size of 5.2 ⁇ m and a specific surface area with an average particle size of 54 nm. was sufficiently mixed with 0.32 g of aluminum oxide particles having a particle size of 104 m 2 /g using a shaker mixer to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step).
- the structure of the particle cross section of the lithium metal composite oxide particles used in this experimental example was observed, and the average value of the porosity in the cross section was calculated. Specifically, after embedding particles of lithium metal composite oxide in resin, the cross section of the particle group is exposed by cutting it with a cross-section polisher (CP), and the cross section of the exposed particle group is Images were taken using a microscope. As a result, it was confirmed that the lithium metal composite oxide particles had a porous structure in which voids were dispersed throughout the particles.
- CP cross-section polisher
- the average value of the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide particles was calculated using the method and conditions described in Experimental Example 1. As a result, it was confirmed that the average value of the porosity of the lithium metal composite oxide having a porous structure used in this experimental example was 15% or more.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 31 A SEM image of a cross section of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 30 is shown in FIG. [Experiment Example 31] A layered structure represented by LiNi 0.50 Mn 0.30 Co 0.20 O 2 with a porous structure and an average particle size of 5.2 ⁇ m, which was used in Experimental Example 30 without adding aluminum oxide particles. Particles of a lithium metal composite oxide having the following were used as a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 30.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the above positive electrode active material was used.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- 0.26 g of aluminum oxide particles having a particle size of 104 m 2 /g were thoroughly mixed using a shaker mixer to obtain the positive electrode active material of this experimental example (mixing step). Note that the particles of the lithium metal composite oxide used had a solid structure.
- a secondary battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the obtained positive electrode active material was used. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B SEM images of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 32 are shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
- FIG. 9B is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 9A.
- a positive electrode active material and a secondary battery were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 32, except that the amount of aluminum oxide particles added was as shown in Table 2. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
- Particles of a lithium metal composite oxide having a layered structure represented by LiNi 0.88 Mn 0.07 Co 0.05 O 2 without adding aluminum oxide particles and having an average particle size of 2.3 ⁇ m were used as a positive electrode active material. It was made into a substance. Then, the positive electrode active material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 32.
- FIGS. 9C and 9D SEM images of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 34 are shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D.
- FIG. 9D is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 9C.
- Experimental Example 19 titanium oxide particles in which the crystal phase of the titanium oxide contained was a single rutile phase were used.
- Experimental Example 20 titanium oxide particles were used in which the crystal phase of the titanium oxide contained was a co-phase of a rutile phase and an anatase phase, and the rutile phase was the main phase. Comparing the results of both experimental examples, it was confirmed that experimental example 19 had higher cycle characteristics. From this result, it was confirmed that when titanium oxide particles are used as an additive element, it is preferable that the titanium oxide particles contain a rutile phase, and it is particularly preferable that the rutile phase is the main phase.
- Example 4 when comparing Experimental Example 4 in which aluminum oxide particles were added and Experimental Example 8 in which aluminum oxide particles were not added, In Example 4, it was confirmed that fine aluminum oxide particles were dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles and modified the lithium metal composite oxide particles.
- the SEM images of Experimental Examples 13 and 16 disclosed in FIGS. 3A and 3B also show that in the positive electrode active material of Experimental Example 13 in which aluminum oxide particles were added, the additive particles were dispersed on the surface of the lithium metal composite oxide particles. , it was confirmed that it was modified.
- the SEM image of Experimental Example 22 disclosed in FIG. 4 the SEM image of Experimental Example 25 disclosed in FIG. 5, the SEM image of Experimental Example 26 disclosed in FIGS. 6A and 6B, and the experiment disclosed in FIGS. 9A and 9B. The same thing could be confirmed from the SEM image of Example 32.
- the SEM images of Experimental Examples 22 and 25 in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be compared with the SEM images of Experimental Example 8 shown in FIG. 2B.
- the SEM images of Experimental Example 32 disclosed in FIGS. 9A and 9B can be compared with the SEM images of Experimental Example 34 disclosed in FIGS. 9C and 9D.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles of the positive electrode active material obtained in Experimental Example 30 have a porous structure with voids dispersed throughout the particles. can.
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Abstract
Description
リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子と、酸化アルミニウム粒子、酸化チタン粒子、酸化マグネシウム粒子、酸化ケイ素粒子、および酸化ジルコニウム粒子から選択された1種類以上の添加粒子とを含み、
比表面積が0.25m2/g以上4.0m2/g以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
[リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質]
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質(以下、単に「正極活物質」とも記載する)は、リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子と、酸化アルミニウム粒子、酸化チタン粒子、酸化マグネシウム粒子、酸化ケイ素粒子、および酸化ジルコニウム粒子から選択された1種類以上の添加粒子とを含むことができる。
(リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子)
リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子は、リチウムと、任意の金属成分とを含有する酸化物であるリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子である。
(添加粒子)
本発明の発明者はリチウムイオン二次電池に用いた場合に、サイクル特性を高めることができるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質について検討を行った。その結果、リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子と、添加粒子とを含む正極活物質とすることで、リチウムイオン二次電池に用いた場合にサイクル特性を高めることができることを見出した。
なお、空隙率を算出する粒子としては、その粒径が粒度分布などから確認できるD50粒径と実質的に等しくなる粒子を選択することが望ましい。ここで、D50粒径と実質的に等しくなる粒子とは、粒径がD50±1.0μm以内の粒子であることが好ましい。
[リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法]
次に本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法(以下、単に「正極活物質の製造方法」とも記載する)の一構成例について説明する。
[リチウムイオン二次電池]
本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池(以下、「二次電池」ともいう。)は、既述の正極活物質を含む正極を有することができる。
(正極)
本実施形態の二次電池が有する正極は、既述の正極活物質を含むことができる。
(負極)
負極は、金属リチウム、リチウム合金等を用いることができる。また、負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・脱離できる負極活物質に結着剤を混合し、適当な溶剤を加えてペースト状にした負極合材を、銅等の金属箔集電体の表面に塗布、乾燥し、必要に応じて電極密度を高めるべく圧縮して形成したものを用いてもよい。
(セパレータ)
正極と負極との間には、必要に応じてセパレータを挟み込んで配置することができる。セパレータは、正極と負極とを分離し、電解質を保持するものであり、公知のものを用いることができ、例えば、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンなどの薄い膜で、微小な孔を多数有する膜を用いることができる。
(非水系電解質)
非水系電解質としては、例えば非水系電解液を用いることができる。
(二次電池の形状、構成)
以上のように説明してきた本実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池は、円筒形や積層形など、種々の形状にすることができる。いずれの形状を採る場合であっても、本実施形態の二次電池が非水系電解質として非水系電解液を用いる場合であれば、正極および負極を、セパレータを介して積層させて電極体とし、得られた電極体に、非水系電解液を含浸させ、正極集電体と外部に通ずる正極端子との間、および、負極集電体と外部に通ずる負極端子との間を、集電用リードなどを用いて接続し、電池ケースに密閉した構造とすることができる。
(正極活物質の評価)
得られた正極活物質について以下の評価を行った。
まず、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM、株式会社日立ハイテクノロジース製、走査型電子顕微鏡S-4700)を用いて、以下の実験例で作製した正極活物質が含有する添加粒子を5万倍で観察し、画像を得た。得られた画像内から、添加粒子を100個選択し、選択した各粒子の輪郭に外接する外接円を描き、係る外接円の直径を各粒子の粒径とした。そして、評価を行った100個の粒子の粒径の平均値を、該正極活物質が有する添加粒子の平均粒径とした。
流動方式ガス吸着法比表面積測定装置(ユアサアイオニクス株式会社製、マルチソーブ)により正極活物質、および原料の添加粒子の比表面積を測定した。
走査型電子顕微鏡(株式会社日立ハイテクノロジース製、走査型電子顕微鏡S-4700)を用いて、以下の実験例4、8、13、16、22、25、26、32、34で作製した正極活物質の観察を行った。
(電池特性の評価)
以下の実験例で作製したラミネート型電池を用いて、サイクル前後の正極抵抗、およびサイクル特性を評価した。なお、正極抵抗については、実験例1~5、8~21、24~34についてのみ評価を行った。正極抵抗を評価していない試料については、正極抵抗の測定を行っていない点以外は同様にコンディショニングを行った後、サイクル特性の評価を行った。
[実験例1]
(1)正極活物質の製造
平均粒径が13.0μmであるLiNi0.52Mn0.28Co0.20O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである酸化アルミニウム粒子0.053gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。シェーカーミキサー装置としては、ウィリー・エ・バッコーフェン(WAB)社製、型式:TURBULA TypeT2Cを用いた。以下の他の実験例でも同じシェーカーミキサー装置を用いて混合工程を実施した。
(2)二次電池の作製
以下の手順により、図1に示す構造のラミネート型電池を作製し、該電池について既述の評価を行った。
[実験例2~実験例7]
酸化アルミニウム粒子の添加量を、表1に示した量とした点以外は実験例1と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
[実験例8]
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、平均粒径が13.0μmである、層状構造を有するLiNi0.52Mn0.28Co0.20O2で表されるリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例1と同様に評価を行った。
[実験例9]
酸化アルミニウム粒子として、平均粒径が46.2μmである酸化アルミニウム粒子をジェットミルで粉砕して得られた、平均粒径が3.1μm、比表面積が0.92m2/gである酸化アルミニウム粒子を用いた。そして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gに対する、上記酸化アルミニウム粒子の添加量を0.26gとした。以上の点以外は実験例1と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
[実験例10]
平均粒径が13.0μmである、LiNi0.82Mn0.10Co0.05Al0.03O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである酸化アルミニウム粒子0.26gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
酸化アルミニウム粒子の添加量を、表1に示した量とした点以外は実験例10と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、平均粒径が13.0μmである、LiNi0.82Mn0.10Co0.05Al0.03O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例10と同様に評価を行った。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
平均粒径が14.7μmである、LiNi0.85Mn0.1Co0.05O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである酸化アルミニウム粒子0.13gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
[実験例14、15]
酸化アルミニウム粒子の添加量を、表1に示した量とした点以外は実験例13と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、平均粒径が14.7μmである、LiNi0.85Mn0.1Co0.05O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例13と同様に評価を行った。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
[実験例17]
酸化アルミニウム粒子に替えて、平均粒径が84nm、比表面積が55m2/gである酸化チタン粒子0.41gを用いた点以外は実験例1と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化チタン粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
酸化チタン粒子の添加量を、表1に示した量とした点以外は実験例17と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
酸化アルミニウム粒子に替えて、平均粒径が84nm、比表面積が55m2/gである酸化チタン粒子0.20gを用いた点以外は実験例13と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化チタン粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
酸化アルミニウム粒子に替えて、平均粒径が84nm、比表面積が55m2/gである酸化チタン粒子0.20gを用いた点以外は実験例13と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化チタン粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例21]
添加粒子として、酸化アルミニウム粒子に加えて、実験例17で用いた酸化チタン粒子を用いた。酸化アルミニウム粒子は0.13g、酸化チタン粒子は0.17g、それぞれ用いた。以上の点以外は実験例1と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化アルミニウム粒子、酸化チタン粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例22]
酸化アルミニウム粒子に替えて、平均粒径が30nm、比表面積が65m2/gである酸化マグネシウム粒子0.102gを用いた点以外は実験例1と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化マグネシウム粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例23]
酸化マグネシウム粒子の添加量を、表2に示した量とした点以外は実験例22と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
[実験例24]
酸化アルミニウム粒子に替えて、平均粒径が167nm、比表面積が207m2/gである酸化ケイ素粒子0.155gを用いた点以外は実験例1と同様にして、リチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子と、酸化ケイ素粒子とを混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例25]
酸化ケイ素粒子の添加量を、表2に示した量とした点以外は実験例24と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表2に示す。
[実験例26]
平均粒径が12.9μmである、LiNiO2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が10nm、比表面積が221m2/gである酸化ジルコニウム粒子0.82gとを、窒素をパージした容器に入れて、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
[実験例27]
酸化ジルコニウム粒子を添加せず、平均粒径が12.9μmである、LiNiO2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例26と同様に評価を行った。
[実験例28]
平均粒径が5.2μmである、LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである、酸化アルミニウム粒子0.32gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例29]
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、実験例28で用いた、中空構造を有する平均粒径が5.2μmである、LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例28と同様に評価を行った。
[実験例30]
平均粒径が5.2μmである、LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである、酸化アルミニウム粒子0.32gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。
[実験例31]
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、実験例30で用いた、多孔質構造を有する平均粒径が5.2μmである、LiNi0.50Mn0.30Co0.20O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例30と同様に評価を行った。
[実験例32]
平均粒径が2.3μmである、LiNi0.88Mn0.07Co0.05O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子100gと、平均粒径が54nm、比表面積が104m2/gである酸化アルミニウム粒子0.26gとを、シェーカーミキサー装置を用いて十分に混合し、本実験例の正極活物質を得た(混合工程)。なお、用いたリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子は中実構造を有していた。
[実験例33]
酸化アルミニウム粒子の添加量を、表2に示した量とした点以外は実験例32と同様にして正極活物質、および二次電池を作製し、評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。
[実験例34]
酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加せず、平均粒径が2.3μmである、LiNi0.88Mn0.07Co0.05O2で表される層状構造を有するリチウム金属複合酸化物の粒子を正極活物質とした。そして、係る正極活物質について、実験例32と同様に評価を行った。
表1、表2に示した結果によれば、酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加した実験例1~実験例7では、酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加していない実験例8の場合と比較して、サイクル特性が高くなることが確認できた。同様の傾向が、他の酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加した実験例と、酸化アルミニウム粒子を添加していない実験例との間でも確認できた。具体的には、実験例10、11と実験例12との間や、実験例13~15と実験例16との間、実験例28と実験例29との間、実験例30と実験例31との間、実験例32、33と実験例34との間でも確認できた。また、添加粒子として酸化チタン粒子や、酸化マグネシウム粒子、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化ジルコニウム粒子を用いた場合についても、同様の傾向が確認された。具体的には、酸化チタン粒子を添加した実験例17、18と、酸化チタン粒子を添加していない実験例8との間や、酸化チタン粒子を添加した実験例19、20と、酸化チタン粒子を添加していない実験例16との間でも同様の傾向が確認できた。また、酸化マグネシウム粒子を添加した実験例22、23と、酸化マグネシウム粒子を添加していない実験例8との間や、酸化ケイ素粒子を添加した実験例24、25と、酸化ケイ素粒子を添加していない実験例8との間でも同様の傾向が確認できた。酸化ジルコニウム粒子を添加した実験例26と、酸化ジルコニウム粒子を添加していない実験例27との間でも同様の傾向が確認できた。
Claims (4)
- リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子と、酸化アルミニウム粒子、酸化チタン粒子、酸化マグネシウム粒子、酸化ケイ素粒子、および酸化ジルコニウム粒子から選択された1種類以上の添加粒子とを含み、
比表面積が0.25m2/g以上4.0m2/g以下であるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記添加粒子の平均粒径が300nm以下である請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子に対する、前記添加粒子の割合が0.025質量%以上3.0質量%以下である請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質。
- リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子と、酸化アルミニウム粒子、酸化チタン粒子、酸化マグネシウム粒子、酸化ケイ素粒子、および酸化ジルコニウム粒子から選択された1種類以上の添加粒子とを混合する、混合工程を有し、
前記混合工程では、前記混合工程後に得られるリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の比表面積が0.25m2/g以上4.0m2/g以下となるように混合するリチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/850,260 US20250219092A1 (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-30 | Positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary battery, and production method of positive electrode active material for lithium-ion secondary battery |
| CN202380031937.2A CN118985053A (zh) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-30 | 锂离子二次电池用正极活性物质、锂离子二次电池用正极活性物质的制造方法 |
| EP23780899.3A EP4507034A4 (en) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-30 | ACTIVE POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ACTIVE POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES |
| KR1020247032685A KR20240158303A (ko) | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-30 | 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 리튬 이온 이차전지용 양극 활물질 제조방법 |
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| JP2022061916A JP2023152003A (ja) | 2022-04-01 | 2022-04-01 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP4507034A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2023152003A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20240158303A (ja) |
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| JP2005340056A (ja) * | 2004-05-28 | 2005-12-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2006512742A (ja) * | 2002-12-23 | 2006-04-13 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 再充電可能なリチウムバッテリー用のカソード組成物 |
| JP2006261132A (ja) * | 2006-05-17 | 2006-09-28 | Nichia Chem Ind Ltd | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法 |
| JP2009038021A (ja) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-02-19 | Toda Kogyo Corp | 非水電解質二次電池用の複合正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP2016100101A (ja) | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-30 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | リチウムイオン(lithiumion)二次電池用被覆粒子、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質層、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| CN112952049B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2026-04-07 | 深圳市贝特瑞纳米科技有限公司 | 一种修复高镍正极材料表面结构的方法、由其得到的高镍正极材料以及锂离子电池 |
| CN111900380A (zh) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-06 | 湖北融通高科先进材料有限公司 | 一种制备镍钴锰酸锂单晶三元材料的方法 |
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2022
- 2022-04-01 JP JP2022061916A patent/JP2023152003A/ja active Pending
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2023
- 2023-03-30 US US18/850,260 patent/US20250219092A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 KR KR1020247032685A patent/KR20240158303A/ko active Pending
- 2023-03-30 CN CN202380031937.2A patent/CN118985053A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-30 EP EP23780899.3A patent/EP4507034A4/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 WO PCT/JP2023/013221 patent/WO2023190891A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| WO2021037900A1 (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-03-04 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Mixed lithium transition metal oxide coated with pyrogenically produced zirconium-containing oxides |
| JP2022061916A (ja) | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-19 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | ベールゴムの切断方法及びベールゴムの切断装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250219092A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| JP2023152003A (ja) | 2023-10-16 |
| EP4507034A1 (en) | 2025-02-12 |
| KR20240158303A (ko) | 2024-11-04 |
| CN118985053A (zh) | 2024-11-19 |
| EP4507034A4 (en) | 2026-01-07 |
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