WO2023185669A1 - 一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法、微波热合装置以及无纺布制备设备 - Google Patents

一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法、微波热合装置以及无纺布制备设备 Download PDF

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WO2023185669A1
WO2023185669A1 PCT/CN2023/083629 CN2023083629W WO2023185669A1 WO 2023185669 A1 WO2023185669 A1 WO 2023185669A1 CN 2023083629 W CN2023083629 W CN 2023083629W WO 2023185669 A1 WO2023185669 A1 WO 2023185669A1
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microwave
woven fabric
microwave heating
heat sealing
heating liquid
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PCT/CN2023/083629
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗章生
朱慧飞
何力军
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厦门当盛新材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2023185669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185669A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of flash spinning, and in particular to a microwave heat sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process, a microwave heat sealing device and non-woven fabric preparation equipment.
  • Non-woven fabrics also known as non-woven fabrics, are composed of directional or random fibers. They are moisture-proof and breathable, flexible, lightweight, non-combustible, easy to decompose, non-toxic and non-irritating, rich in color, low-priced, and recyclable.
  • Non-woven fabrics generally use chemical fibers or plant fibers as raw materials.
  • flash spinning is also one of the raw materials for non-woven fabrics. Flash spinning refers to the high-pressure extrusion of a polymer solution above the boiling point of the solvent. The thin stream of the extruded solution causes the solvent to flash when the pressure suddenly decreases, solidifying the polymer into fibers.
  • the spinning method in which the solvent flashes to cool and solidify the polymer to form fibers is also called solution flash spinning; among them, the preparation of flash spinning requires that the polymer and solvent do not decompose above the boiling point of the solvent, and the solvent is easy to evaporate.
  • Flash spinning technology is a method of producing non-woven fabrics.
  • the main process is: dissolving the polymer in the solvent to form a polymer solution, which is then ejected from the spinneret into a state where the temperature or pressure is different from the original one.
  • a liquid thin stream is formed, and the solvent in the thin stream flashes, changing the shape of the original thin stream, and taking away the heat.
  • the solute that is, the high molecular polymer, cools rapidly after precipitation, forming a solvent gas flow and a super A filament bundle with a fine three-dimensional network structure, that is, when the spinning solution leaves the spinneret, the solvent evaporates rapidly to generate a network structure filament bundle composed of micron or sub-micron fineness monofilaments; these are then deposited and collected in some way
  • Non-woven fabrics can be made from filament bundles and heat-pressed into shape.
  • the traditional method of hot-pressing rollers to form flash-spun non-woven fabrics is simple, the product is easy to delaminate and has low delamination peel strength. This is because the thermal conductivity of the formed flash-spun non-woven fabric material (typically such as flash-spun polyethylene) is often poor, and there is a temperature gradient between the surface layer and the middle layer of the flash-spun non-woven fabric, resulting in flash spinning. The binding force of the surface layer of tows in spun non-woven fabrics is greater than that of the middle layer.
  • this field uses microwave heating method instead.
  • microwave heating method is that microwave is generated inside the object to be heated, and the heat source comes from the inside of the object. , the heating is even, and will not cause the phenomenon of "cooking on the outside and undercooking on the inside", which is beneficial to improving product quality.
  • the heating time is greatly shortened, and the heating efficiency is high, which is beneficial to increasing product output.
  • the inertia of microwave heating is very small, which can realize rapid control of temperature rise and fall, which is conducive to continuous production and automatic control.
  • the use of microwave heating in the flash spinning nonwoven forming process instead of the hot press roller heating in the traditional process will improve the peel strength of the product.
  • some non-woven fabrics have a weak ability to absorb microwave energy, which will also affect the uniformity of microwave heating in non-woven fabrics. , and the uniformity of microwave heating of non-woven fabrics during the molding process is poor, the temperature gradient between the surface and inside of the non-woven fabrics increases, and the delamination peel strength of the non-woven fabrics becomes worse.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the authorization announcement number CN107513196B and the publication date of December 26, 2017 discloses a method of using microwaves to efficiently heat polymers by adding a small amount of dielectric loss ceramic materials with efficient wave absorption properties. into polymers or their monomers or oligomers, so that low dielectric loss microwave transparent polymers and their monomers and oligomers that cannot be heated by microwaves can be rapidly heated under the action of microwaves .
  • the composition ratio and process conditions of the polymer solution are relatively stringent, it is difficult to directly add high-efficiency wave-absorbing dielectric loss to the spinning system according to the disclosed plan.
  • Ceramic materials it is also difficult to screen out suitable dielectric loss ceramic materials with efficient wave absorption properties to make them suitable for non-woven fabric preparation.
  • the present invention provides a microwave thermal sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process, which includes the following steps:
  • the microwave heating liquid is a polar solvent with strong microwave energy absorption ability.
  • the surface tension of the microwave heating liquid is between 20 and 50 mN/m.
  • the normal pressure boiling point of the microwave heating liquid is greater than or equal to the melting point of the non-woven fabric; or, the normal pressure boiling point of the microwave heating liquid is the melting point of the non-woven fabric ⁇ 10°C.
  • the microwave heating liquid is one or more combinations of alcohols, carboxylic acids, and water.
  • the microwave heating liquid consists of 1-pentanol and ethanol; the mass ratio of the 1-pentanol to ethanol is (40-95): 10
  • the microwave frequency during the microwave heating treatment is 300-25000MHz; the microwave frequency during the microwave heating treatment is 300-25000MHz, and the boiling point of the microwave heating liquid in the microwave heating treatment chamber is the melting point of the non-woven fabric ⁇ 5°C.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor before the non-woven fabric precursor is added to the microwave heating liquid, the non-woven fabric precursor is pre-pressed and formed.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor is preformed by hot rolling with a preforming roller.
  • the invention also provides a microwave heat sealing device.
  • the microwave heat sealing device is used to implement the microwave heat sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process method as described above.
  • a spray device for spraying microwave heating liquid on the cloth precursor; the microwave generating device and the spray device The shower device is installed in the microwave shielding box.
  • the present invention also provides a non-woven fabric preparation equipment, which includes a flash spinning tow preparation device and a microwave heat sealing device; the microwave heat sealing device adopts the microwave heat sealing device as described above.
  • the microwave thermal synthesis flash spinning non-woven fabric process method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Non-woven fabrics are prepared through the process provided by the present invention. Since the inner layer of the non-woven fabric does not have a temperature gradient like the traditional hot pressing molding process, the connection strength between the tow fibers is more uniform and firm, and finally the finished non-woven fabric is distributed. The layer peel strength is significantly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a non-woven fabric preparation equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a microwave thermal sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process method, which includes the following steps:
  • (1) Collect the tows 300 and lay them into a non-woven fabric precursor 500, and add a microwave heating liquid 400 for absorbing microwave energy and converting it into thermal energy on the non-woven fabric precursor 500; the microwave heating liquid 400 is a polar solvent with strong microwave energy absorption ability.
  • the obtained non-woven fabric precursor 500 is subjected to microwave heating treatment, and the microwave-heated non-woven fabric is heat-pressed and formed.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is now added with The microwave heating liquid 400 absorbs microwave energy and converts it into heat energy; the microwave heating liquid 400 infiltrates the inner fiber of the non-woven fabric, and after being heated by microwave, the microwave heating liquid 400 in the non-woven fabric absorbs the microwave energy, and the temperature rises.
  • the heat is transferred to the fibers of the non-woven fabric precursor 500, and the microwave heating liquid 400 reaches the boiling point and evaporates out.
  • the fibers in the non-woven fabric precursor 500 are evenly heated to or close to the melting point temperature, and then are hot-pressed and formed. Due to this At this time, the inner layer does not have a temperature gradient like the traditional hot pressing molding process, and the connection strength between fibers is more uniform and firm, which ultimately improves the delamination peel strength of the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is selected: the microwave heating liquid 400 is a polar solvent with strong microwave energy absorption ability.
  • the surface tension of the microwave heating liquid 400 is low enough so that the microwave heating liquid 400 can penetrate into the non-woven fabric.
  • the surface tension of the microwave heating liquid 400 can be preferably 20 to 73 mN/m.
  • the normal pressure boiling point of the microwave heating liquid 400 is greater than or equal to the melting point of the non-woven fabric; or, the normal pressure boiling point of the microwave heating liquid 400 is the melting point of the non-woven fabric ⁇ 10°C; the normal pressure boiling point of the microwave heating liquid 400 is The pressure temperature is preferably controlled within a certain range.
  • the condensation recovery cost of the microwave heating liquid 400 will be high, and may cause the non-woven fibers to melt and fuse with each other. If the normal pressure boiling point is too low, microwave heating is required. During heating treatment, the air pressure in the microwave heating treatment chamber must be adjusted to a large extent so that the microwave heating liquid can transfer sufficient heat to the non-woven fabric, which is costly.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is preferably one or more combinations of alcohols, carboxylic acids, and water; wherein, the monohydric alcohol can be 1-pentanol or ethanol. , ethylene glycol, glycerin and other existing monohydric alcohol or polyhydric alcohol solutions, the carboxylic acid can be acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. More preferably, the microwave heating liquid 400 is composed of 1-pentanol and ethanol, and the mass ratio of the 1-pentanol to ethanol is (40-95):10, wherein 1-pentanol and ethanol are an azeotropic mixture.
  • the monohydric alcohol can be 1-pentanol or ethanol.
  • the carboxylic acid can be acetic acid, propionic acid, etc.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is composed of 1-pentanol and ethanol, and the mass ratio of the 1-pentanol to ethanol is (40-95):10, wherein 1-pentanol and ethanol are an a
  • the mixture can well infiltrate into the inner fiber of the non-woven fabric precursor 500, has good infiltration and permeability, and has a strong ability to absorb microwave energy, and its normal pressure boiling point is close to high density
  • the optimal temperature for using this microwave heat sealing process in polyethylene non-woven fabrics does not require particularly large pressure or vacuum.
  • the inner layer of the non-woven fabric 600 obtained by spraying the mixture and microwave heating treatment eliminates the need for traditional hot press molding. There is a temperature gradient in the process, and the connection strength between the tow fibers is uniform and strong, which ultimately significantly improves the delamination peel strength of the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is composed of 1-pentanol and ethanol in a mass ratio of 90:10.
  • the minimum amount of microwave heating liquid added is 5% of the unit area mass of the non-woven fabric, and the maximum amount of microwave heating liquid that can be absorbed by the non-woven fabric is added to a saturated state.
  • the amount of microwave heating liquid added is 10-120g/m 2 , that is, the amount of microwave heating liquid added per unit area of the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is 10-120g/m 2 .
  • the microwave frequency during the microwave heating treatment is 300-25000MHz, and the microwave heating time is 1-3 minutes; more preferably, the microwave frequency during the microwave heating treatment is 433MHz, 915MHz, 2450MHz, 5800MHz or 22125MHz.
  • the air pressure of the microwave heating treatment chamber is controlled so that the boiling point of the microwave heating liquid in the microwave heating treatment chamber is ⁇ 5°C from the melting point of the nonwoven fabric.
  • step (2) preferably, the temperature of the secondary hot pressing molding is 140-150°C and the pressure is 4-6Mpa.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is pre-pressed and molded; the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is pre-press molded to facilitate subsequent processing steps.
  • the nonwoven fabric precursor 500 can be preliminarily preformed by hot rolling on the preforming roller 109, with a preliminary forming temperature of 140 to 150°C and a pressure of 4 to 6 MPa.
  • the present invention also provides a microwave heat sealing device 200 for realizing the above microwave heat sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process method as shown in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the device includes a microwave shielding box 210, a microwave generating device 230 and a As for the spray device 220 that sprays the microwave heating liquid 400 on the non-woven fabric precursor 500; the microwave generating device 230 and the spray device 220 are installed in the microwave shielding box 210.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 enters the microwave shielding box 210. If the components of the non-woven fabric have weak absorption of microwave energy, the spray device 220 sprays the microwave heating liquid 400 to soak it. The inner fibers of the woven fabric precursor 500 are irradiated by microwaves generated by the microwave generating device 230. The microwave heating liquid 400 in the non-woven fabric precursor 500 absorbs microwave energy, rises in temperature, reaches the boiling point, and evaporates out.
  • the non-woven fabric fibers The tows 300 in the fiber are evenly heated to reach or close to the melting point temperature, and are then pressed and formed by the forming roller 240, which makes the connection between the inner fibers of the non-woven fabric stronger, and ultimately improves the delamination peel strength of the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • the microwave shielding box 210 of the microwave heat sealing device 200 is also provided with a gas recovery hole 211; during use, the microwave heating liquid 400 in the non-woven fabric reaches the boiling point and evaporates out, and the gaseous microwave heating liquid 400 is recovered from the hole 211 recovery; the gas recovery hole 211 can not only be used to recover the gaseous microwave heating liquid 400, but also can control the air pressure in the microwave shielding box 210 through the gas recovery hole 211, thereby regulating the boiling point of the microwave heating liquid 400, to achieve The purpose of indirectly controlling the fiber temperature in non-woven fabrics.
  • the microwave heat sealing device 200 also includes a hot pressing mechanism for hot pressing the microwave-heated non-woven fabric precursor 500, and the hot pressing mechanism is arranged in the microwave shielding box 210;
  • the hot pressing mechanism may use a hot pressing forming roller 240 .
  • the hot pressing mechanism is arranged in the microwave shielding box 210 so that the microwave-heated non-woven fabric precursor 500 can be quickly hot-pressed and formed, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • other types of hot pressing mechanisms can also be used to hot press shape the microwave-heated nonwoven fabric precursor 500, including but not limited to the hot press forming roller 240 described in the embodiment.
  • the microwave shielding box 210 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and both the inlet and the outlet are provided with a pair of second sealing rollers 212 positioned opposite each other, so that the non-woven fabric precursor 500 passes through the second sealing rollers at the entrance. It enters the microwave shielding box 210 between 212, and passes out between the second sealing rollers 212 at the exit after microwave heating treatment and hot pressing forming treatment.
  • Providing a second sealing roller 212 for sealing at the inlet and outlet is beneficial to improving the sealing performance of the microwave shielding box 210 .
  • the present invention also provides a non-woven fabric preparation equipment, which includes a flash spinning tow preparation device 100 and a microwave heat sealing device 200 as described above; when used, the flash spinning tow preparation device 100 is used to prepare the tow 300 and collect the tow 300 and lay it into a non-woven fabric precursor 500. Then the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is microwave heated by the microwave heat sealing device 200 and hot-pressed to form the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • a non-woven fabric preparation equipment which includes a flash spinning tow preparation device 100 and a microwave heat sealing device 200 as described above; when used, the flash spinning tow preparation device 100 is used to prepare the tow 300 and collect the tow 300 and lay it into a non-woven fabric precursor 500. Then the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is microwave heated by the microwave heat sealing device 200 and hot-pressed to form the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • the flash spinning tow preparation device 100 is an existing device, which includes an outer box 101, a spinning device 102, a pressure reducing plate 103, a low temperature pressure area 104, a spinneret 105, a deflection plate 106, and a collection surface. 107.
  • the connection relationship and positional relationship, its operating principle and process are all existing technologies, and will not be described again here.
  • the present invention also provides the following examples and comparative examples:
  • High-density polyethylene with a melt index of 8g/10min is selected as the flash spinning solute.
  • the melting point of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is about 135°C.
  • Difluorochloromethane (R22) and tetrafluorodichloroethane (R114) are used as flash spinning solvents, and nitrogen (N 2 ) is used as the pressurized gas for dissolution;
  • N 2 nitrogen
  • HDPE, R22, and R144 were dissolved with 6 MPa of N 2 at a mass percentage of 6:33:11 under pressure and stirring at 220°C to prepare a flash spinning solution, that is, the spinning stock solution.
  • the flash spinning tow preparation device 100 is used to prepare the tow 300.
  • the specific process is that the spinning dope is ejected from the spinneret, the solvent of the spinning dope evaporates instantly, and the polymer of the spinning dope cools and solidifies to form a fiber bundle. ;
  • the fiber bundles settle on the collection surface 107 and condense to form a fiber web, thereby obtaining the non-woven fabric precursor 500.
  • the preparation engineering process parameters spinning hole diameter 0.5mm, spinning speed 12000m/min, and the fiber web condensed on the collection surface is about 70g/m 2 .
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is hot-rolled and pre-formed by the pre-forming roller 109 to form a sheet; the preliminary forming temperature is 140°C and the pressure is 4Mpa.
  • Microwave heat sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric step the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is transferred into the microwave heat sealing device 200, the microwave heating liquid 400 is sprayed on the non-woven fabric precursor 500, and the sprayed non-woven fabric is The cloth precursor 500 is subjected to microwave heating treatment, and then the microwave-heated non-woven fabric is hot-pressed for a second time to obtain the finished non-woven fabric 600.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is composed of 1-pentanol and ethanol in a mass ratio of 90:10.
  • the ethanol is 95% industrial alcohol. Its surface tension is about 22.3mN/m, and its boiling point under normal pressure is about 78°C; 1-pentanol has a mass ratio of 90:10.
  • the surface tension is about 27.15mN/m, and the normal pressure boiling point is about 137.5°C; the microwave heating liquid spray volume is about 50g/m 2 ; the microwave frequency in the microwave heating treatment is 2450MHz, and the microwave shielding box 210 (i.e., the microwave heating treatment chamber) is controlled ) so that the boiling point of the microwave heating liquid in the microwave shielding box 210 is about 130°C, the microwave heating time is 1 min; the pressure of the secondary hot pressing molding is 4Mpa, and the temperature of the secondary hot pressing molding is 140°C.
  • Example 2 The preparation of the tow 300 and the non-woven fabric precursor 500 and the pre-pressing and molding process and conditions of the non-woven fabric precursor 500 in Example 2 are completely consistent with Example 1;
  • Microwave heat sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric step (this step is consistent with the embodiment, the difference is only in the implementation
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 in Example 2 is 1-pentanol): Spray the microwave heating liquid 400 on the non-woven fabric precursor 500, perform microwave heating treatment on the sprayed non-woven fabric precursor 500, and then microwave The final non-woven fabric is hot-pressed for a second time to obtain the finished non-woven fabric 600;
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is 1-pentanol, its surface tension is about 27.15mN/m, and its boiling point at normal pressure is about 137.5°C; the spray volume of the microwave heating liquid is about 50g/ m2 ; the microwave frequency in the microwave heating treatment is 2450MHz , the internal pressure of the microwave shielding box 210 is 0.09MPa; the microwave heating time is 2 minutes; the pressure of the secondary hot pressing molding is 4Mpa, and the temperature of the secondary hot pressing molding is 140°C.
  • Example 3 The preparation method and preparation conditions of the microwave heat-sealed flash spinning non-woven fabric in Example 3 are consistent with those in Example 3, and the only difference is:
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is composed of 1-pentanol and ethanol in a mass ratio of 45:10.
  • the ethanol is 95% industrial alcohol, with a surface tension of approximately 22.3mN/m and a normal pressure boiling point.
  • the surface tension of 1-pentanol is about 27.15mN/m, and the boiling point at normal pressure is about 137.5°C
  • the spray volume of microwave heating liquid is about 50g/m 2
  • the microwave frequency in microwave heating treatment is 22125MHz, and the microwave is controlled
  • the internal pressure of the shielding box 210 i.e., the microwave heating treatment chamber
  • the boiling point of the microwave heating liquid in the microwave shielding box 210 is about 130°C
  • the microwave heating time is 3 minutes
  • the pressure of the secondary hot pressing molding is 6Mpa.
  • the secondary hot pressing molding temperature is 150°C.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is hot-pressed using a traditional hot-pressing molding process in Comparative Example 1 to obtain the finished non-woven fabric 600, in which the hot-pressed During the molding process, the hot pressing temperature is 149°C and the pressure is 6Mpa.
  • the microwave heating liquid 400 is not sprayed on the non-woven fabric precursor 500.
  • the non-woven fabric precursor 500 is directly subjected to microwave heating treatment, and then the microwave-heated non-woven fabric is secondary
  • the finished non-woven fabric 600 was obtained by hot press molding; the microwave frequency and microwave heating time in the microwave heating treatment were the same as those in Example 1; the pressure of the secondary hot press molding was 4 MPa, and the temperature of the second hot press molding was 140°C.
  • the finished non-woven fabric 600 prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples was subjected to relevant performance tests under the same test conditions.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1 below:
  • Example 1 and Example 2 are both greater than those of Comparative Example 1-2; in addition, the delamination peel strength and hydrostatic pressure of Example 1 are both better than those of Example 2- 3; The delamination peel strength and hydrostatic pressure of Comparative Example 2 are slightly higher than those of Comparative Example 1.
  • the microwave thermal sealing flash spinning non-woven fabric process method provided by the present invention is based on the uniformity of microwave heating and introduces the microwave heating liquid 400 to heat the non-woven fabric with small microwave absorption capacity. , reducing the temperature gradient between the inner and outer layers of flash-spun non-woven fabrics during the molding process, which can significantly improve the delamination peel strength of non-woven fabrics.
  • the polymer of the spinning solution is polyethylene (that is, the material of the tow 300 is polyethylene).
  • the microwave heat-synthesized flash spinning non-woven fabric process method can also be applied to other polymers.
  • Materials including but not limited to polyolefins, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyamides, etc., where polyolefins can be polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, etc.;
  • the polyethylene tows 300 and the preparation methods of laying the polyethylene tows 300 to form the non-woven fabric precursor 500 are all existing technologies, and those skilled in the art can make applicability selections, including but not limited to those described in the embodiments. Describe the plan;
  • the method of the present invention can also be used in other technical types of non-woven fabric forming, film compounding and other adjacent areas, and the principles are the same;
  • the "normal pressure” mentioned in this article refers to a standard atmospheric pressure (101.325kPa, that is, 0.101325Mpa).
  • the normal pressure boiling point of a solution refers to the boiling point of the solution under a standard atmospheric pressure.

Abstract

一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法、微波热合装置以及无纺布制备设备。该工艺方法包括以下步骤：S1、将丝束（300）收集铺网成无纺布前体（500），并在无纺布前体（500）上加入用于吸收微波能量并将其转化为热能的微波加热液（400）；S2、将S1中获得的无纺布前体（500）进行微波加热处理，并将微波加热后的无纺布热压成型；其中，微波加热液（400）为具有强微波能量吸收能力的极性溶剂。通过该工艺方法制备无纺布，由于获得的无纺布的内层不像传统热压成型工艺那样存在温度梯度，丝束纤维之间连结强度更加均匀牢固，最终使成品无纺布分层剥离强度显著提高。

Description

一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法、微波热合装置以及无纺布制备设备 技术领域
本发明涉及闪蒸纺丝技术领域，特别涉及一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法、微波热合装置以及无纺布制备设备。
背景技术
无纺布又称不织布，是由定向或随机的纤维构成，具有防潮透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。
无纺布一般采用化学纤维或植物纤维作为原料，目前，闪蒸纺丝也是无纺布原料之一。闪蒸纺丝是指高聚物溶液在其溶剂沸点以上高压挤出，挤出的溶液细流，在压力突然降低时引起溶剂闪蒸，使高聚物固化成纤维。溶剂闪蒸以使聚合物冷却固化形成纤维的纺丝方法，又称为溶液闪蒸纺丝；其中，制备闪蒸纺丝要求高聚物和溶剂在溶剂沸点以上不分解，且溶剂容易蒸发。
闪蒸纺丝技术作为一种生产无纺布的方法，主要过程是：将高分子聚合物溶解于溶剂中，形成高分子溶液后，由喷丝孔喷出进入到温度或压力与原先不同的介质区域中，形成液态细流，细流中的溶剂发生闪蒸改变了原先细流的形态，且带走了热量，溶质即高分子聚合物在析出后快速的冷却，形成溶剂气流和具有超细三维网络结构的丝束，即当纺丝溶液离开喷丝孔时，溶剂迅速蒸发，生成微米或亚微米纤度的单丝组成的网状结构长丝丝束；而后以某种方法沉积收集这些丝束并将其热压成型后便可制成无纺布。
对于沉积收集丝束并将其热压成型后制成无纺布的方法：传统的热压辊成型闪蒸纺丝无纺布的方法虽然简便，但是产品易分层，分层剥离强度低，这是由于被成型的闪蒸纺丝无纺布原料(典型的如闪蒸纺丝聚乙烯)导热性往不好，闪蒸纺丝无纺布表层与中间层间存在温度梯度，导致闪蒸纺丝无纺布中的丝束表层结合力大于中间层。
为克服上述热压辊成型闪蒸纺丝无纺布的方法的缺陷，本领域选用微波加热方法替代，采用微波加热方法的最大特点是：微波是在被加热物内部产生的，热源来自物体内部，加热均匀，不会造成“外焦里不熟”的夹生现象，有利于提高产品质量，同时由于“里外同时加热”大大缩短了加热时间，加热效率高，有利于提高产品产量。微波加热的惯性很小，可以实现温度升降的快速控制，有利于连续生产和自动控制。在闪蒸纺丝无纺布成型工艺中使用微波加热代替传统工艺的热压辊加热将会提高产品的剥离强度。
但是，基于无纺布的常用原料的性质(例如聚乙烯闪蒸纺丝)，有的无纺布存在对微波能量吸收能力弱的问题，而这也将影响无纺布中微波加热的均匀性，而无纺布在成型过程中微波加热均匀性差，则无纺布表里面温度梯度增大，则无纺布的分层剥离强度变差。
授权公告号为CN107513196B，公开日为2017年12月26日的中国发明专利公开了一种使用微波高效加热高分子聚合物的方法，将少量具有高效吸波特性的介电损耗陶瓷材料，添加到高分子聚合物或其单体或低聚物中，使传统不能被微波加热的低介质损耗的微波透明高分子聚合物及其单体和低聚物，在微波作用下，能够被快速加热。但是，在闪蒸纺丝体系中，由于高分子溶液的成分配比和工艺条件是较为严苛的，很难按照公开的该方案直接往纺丝体系中加高效吸波特性的介电损耗陶瓷材料，也很难筛选出合适的具有高效吸波特性的介电损耗陶瓷材料以使其适用于无纺布制备中。
发明内容
为解决上述背景技术提到的现有无纺布存在分层剥离强度不足的问题，本发明提供一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其包括以下步骤：
S1、将丝束收集铺网成无纺布前体，并在无纺布前体上加入用于吸收微波能量并将其转化为热能的微波加热液；
S2、将S1中获得的无纺布前体进行微波加热处理，并将微波加热后的无纺布热压成型；
其中，所述微波加热液为具有强微波能量吸收能力的极性溶剂。
在一实施例中，所述微波加热液的表面张力在20～50mN/m。
在一实施例中，所述微波加热液的常压沸点大于等于所述无纺布熔点；或，所述微波加热液的常压沸点为无纺布熔点±10℃。
在一实施例中，所述微波加热液为醇类、羧酸类、水中的一种或多种组合。
在一实施例中，所述微波加热液由1-戊醇和乙醇组成；所述1-戊醇与乙醇的质量比为(40～95)：10
在一实施例中，所述微波加热处理时的微波频率为300～25000MHz；所述微波加热处理时的微波频率为300～25000MHz,微波加热处理室内的微波加热液的沸点为无纺布熔点±5℃。
在一实施例中，在无纺布前体加入微波加热液前，对无纺布前体进行预压成型处理。优选地，所述无纺布前体经过预成型辊的热轧预压成型。
本发明还提供一种微波热合装置，所述微波热合装置用于实现如上所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其包括微波屏蔽箱体、微波发生装置以及用于对无纺布前体喷淋微波加热液的喷淋装置；所述微波发生装置和喷 淋装置安设于微波屏蔽箱体内。
本发明还提供一种无纺布制备设备，其包括闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置以及微波热合装置；所述微波热合装置采用如上所述的微波热合装置。
基于上述，与现有技术相比，本发明提供的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，具有以下有益效果：
通过本发明提供的该工艺方法制备无纺布，由于无纺布的内层不像传统热压成型工艺那样存在温度梯度，丝束纤维之间连结强度更加均匀牢固，最终使成品无纺布分层剥离强度显著提高。
本发明的其它特征和有益效果将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他有益效果可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图；在下面描述中附图所述的位置关系，若无特别指明，皆是图示中组件绘示的方向为基准。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的无纺布制备设备的侧视剖视图。
附图标记：
100闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置  200微波热合装置   300丝束
400微波加热液            500无纺布前体     600成品无纺布
101外箱                 102纺丝装置       103降压板
104低温压区域           105喷丝孔         106偏转板
107收集面               108第一密封辊     109预成型辊
110轴承                 111旋转轴         112驱动轴
210微波屏蔽箱体         220喷淋装置       230微波发生装置
240成型辊               211回收孔         212第二密封辊
113纺丝气体回收孔
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；下面所描述的本发明不同实施方式中所设计的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，本发明所使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的含义相同的含义，不能理解为对本发明的限制；应进一步理解，本发明所使用的术语应被理解为具有与这些术语在本说明书的上下文和相关领域中的含义一致的含义，并且不应以理想化或过于正式的意义来理解，除本发明中明确如此定义之外。
本发明提供一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其包括以下步骤：
(1)将丝束300收集铺网成无纺布前体500，并在无纺布前体500上加入用于吸收微波能量并将其转化为热能的微波加热液400；所述微波加热液400为具有强微波能量吸收能力的极性溶剂。
(2)将获得的无纺布前体500进行微波加热处理，并将微波加热后的无纺布热压成型。
具体地，本发明提供的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，对于微波能量吸收能力弱的无纺布的制备中，在进行微波加热前，现在无纺布前体500上加入用于吸收微波能量并将其转化为热能的微波加热液400；微波加热液400浸润无纺布的内层纤维，又经过微波加热后，无纺布中的微波加热液400吸收微波能量，温度上升，将热量传导给无纺布前体500的纤维，微波加热液400达到沸点蒸发而出，无纺布前体500中的纤维均匀受热达到或接近熔点温度，再对其进行热压成型，由于此时其内层不像传统热压成型工艺那样存在温度梯度，纤维之间连结强度更加均匀牢固，最终使成品无纺布600分层剥离强度提高。
其中，在步骤(1)中，对于微波加热液400的选择：所述微波加热液400为具有强微波能量吸收能力的极性溶剂。优选地，所述微波加热液400的表面张力足够低，以使微波加热液400能够渗透进所述无纺布中,具体地，所述微波加热液400的表面张力可优选20～73mN/m。优选地，所述微波加热液400的常压沸点大于等于所述无纺布熔点；或，所述微波加热液400的常压沸点为无纺布熔点±10℃；将微波加热液400的常压温度优选控制在一定范围内，其常压沸点过高会导致微波加热液400冷凝回收成本高，且可能导致无纺布纤维之间相互熔融融合，而常压沸点太低，则需要对微波加热处理时的微波加热处理室内的气压的进行较大幅度调节，才能使得微波加热液向无纺布传递足够的热量，成本较高。
针对材质为高密度聚乙烯的无纺布，所述微波加热液400优选为醇类、羧酸类、水中的一种或多种组合；其中，所述一元醇可选用1-戊醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丙三醇等现有一元醇或多元醇溶液，所述羧酸可选用乙酸、丙酸等。 更优选地，所述微波加热液400由1-戊醇和乙醇组成，所述1-戊醇与乙醇的质量比为(40～95)：10，其中，1-戊醇与乙醇为共沸混合物(二者无限混溶)，该混合物能够很好地浸润渗透入无纺布前体500的内层纤维中，浸润渗透性好，且其对微波能量吸收能力强，其常压沸点接近高密度聚乙烯无纺布中使用该微波热合工艺的最佳温度，无需特别大的加压或真空,通过该混合物喷淋并微波加热处理后得到的无纺布600的内层消除了传统热压成型工艺那样存在温度梯度，丝束纤维之间连结强度均匀牢固，最终使成品无纺布600分层剥离强度显著提高。更佳地，所述微波加热液400由1-戊醇和乙醇按照质量比90：10组成。
在步骤(1)中，优选地，微波加热液的最少加入量为无纺布单位面积质量的5％，最多加入无纺布所能吸收微波加热液至饱和状态。优选地，微波加热液的加入量为10～120g/m2，即在单位面积的无纺布前体500中的微波加热液的加入量为10～120g/m2。
其中，在步骤(2)中，优选地，所述微波加热处理时的微波频率为300～25000MHz，微波加热时间为1～3min；更佳地，所述微波加热处理时的微波频率为433MHz、915MHz、2450MHz、5800MHz或22125MHz。优选地，控制微波加热处理室气压以使微波加热处理室内的微波加热液的沸点为无纺布熔点±5℃。
其中，在步骤(2)中，优选地，二次热压成型的温度为140～150℃,压力为4～6Mpa。
优选地，在无纺布前体500加入微波加热液400前，对无纺布前体500进行预压成型处理；将无纺布前体500预压成型以便于后续加工工序进行。具体地，无纺布前体500可经过预成型辊109的热轧初步预制成型，初步成型温度为140～150℃，压力为4～6Mpa。
本发明还提供如图1实施例所示的一种用于实现上述微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法的微波热合装置200，该装置包括微波屏蔽箱体210、微波发生装置230以及用于对无纺布前体500喷淋微波加热液400的喷淋装置220；所述微波发生装置230和喷淋装置220安设于微波屏蔽箱体210内。
具体实施时，如图1所示，无纺布前体500进入到微波屏蔽箱体210中，若无纺布的成分对微波能量吸收弱，则喷淋装置220喷淋微波加热液400浸润无纺布前体500的内层纤维，又经过微波发生装置230发生的微波照射，无纺布前体500中的微波加热液400吸收微波能量，温度上升，达到沸点蒸发而出，无纺布纤维中的丝束300均匀受热达到或接近熔点温度，而后经成型辊240压制成型，使得无纺布内层纤维之间连结更加牢固，最终使成品无纺布600分层剥离强度提高。
优选地，所述微波热合装置200的微波屏蔽箱体210上还设有气体回收孔211；使用时，无纺布中的微波加热液400达到沸点蒸发而出，气态的微波加热液400从回收孔211回收；所述气体回收孔211不仅可用于回收气态微波加热液400，而且还可通过气体回收孔211控制所述微波屏蔽箱体210内的气压,从而调控微波加热液400的沸点，达到间接控制无纺布中纤维温度的目的。
优选地，所述微波热合装置200还包括用于对微波加热后的无纺布前体500进行热压成型的热压机构，所述热压机构设置于微波屏蔽箱体210内；
具体地，如图1所示，所述热压机构可采用热压成型辊240。将热压机构设置于微波屏蔽箱体210内，以使微波加热后的无纺布前体500快速热压成型，有利于提高成品无纺布600的性能。需要说明的是，根据上述设计构思，还可以采用其他类型的热压机构对微波加热后的无纺布前体500进行热压成型，包括但不限于实施例所述的热压成型辊240。
优选地，所述微波屏蔽箱体210设有进口和出口，所述进口和出口均设有一对位置相对设置的第二密封辊212，以使无纺布前体500经进口的第二密封辊212之间进入微波屏蔽箱体210，经微波加热处理和热压成型处理后从出口的第二密封辊212之间穿出。进口和出口设置密封第二密封辊212有利于提高微波屏蔽箱体210的密封性。
如图1所示，本发明还提供一种无纺布制备设备，其包括闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100以及如上所述的微波热合装置200；使用时，闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100用于制备丝束300并将丝束300收集铺网成无纺布前体500，而后无纺布前体500经微波热合装置200微波加热并热压成型，制得成品无纺布600。
其中，所述闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100为现有装置，其包括外箱101、纺丝装置102、降压板103、低温压区域104、喷丝孔105、偏转板106、收集面107、第一密封辊108、预成型辊109、轴承110、旋转轴111、驱动轴112、纺丝气体回收孔113等部件和机构，该闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100的机构和零件等的连接关系和位置关系、其运行原理和过程均为现有技术，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，根据上述设计构思，本领域技术人员可选用其他适用型号和类型的现有闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100，包括但不限于上述方案所述的闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100。
本发明还提供以下实施例和对比例：
实施例1：
(1)丝束300和无纺布前体500的制备：
纺丝原液：选用熔融指数8g/10min的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)作为闪蒸纺丝溶质，高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的熔点约为135℃。二氟一氯甲烷(R22)、四氟二氯乙烷(R114)作为闪蒸纺丝溶剂，氮气(N2)作为溶解用的加压气体； 其中，HDPE、R22、R144按6：33：11的质量百分比用6MPa的N2在220℃条件下加压搅拌溶解，制备成闪蒸纺丝溶液，即纺丝原液。
制备过程：采用闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置100制备丝束300，具体过程为纺丝原液从喷丝头喷出，纺丝原液的溶剂瞬间蒸发，纺丝原液的聚合物冷却固化形成纤维束；纤维束沉降在收集面107上凝聚形成纤维网，即制得无纺布前体500。其中，制备工程工艺参数：纺丝孔直径0.5mm，纺丝速度12000m/min，收集面凝聚的纤维网约70g/m2。
(2)无纺布前体500预压成型：无纺布前体500经过预成型辊109的热轧预制成型，形成薄片；其中，初步成型温度为140℃，压力为4Mpa。
(3)微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布步骤：无纺布前体500传输进入微波热合装置200，在无纺布前体500上喷淋微波加热液400，并将喷淋后的无纺布前体500进行微波加热处理，而后将微波加热后的无纺布二次热压成型，制得成品无纺布600。
其中，微波加热液400由1-戊醇和乙醇按照质量比90:10组成，乙醇采用95％工业酒精,其表面张力约为22.3mN/m，常压沸点约为78℃；1-戊醇的表面张力约为27.15mN/m，常压沸点约为137.5℃；微波加热液喷淋量约50g/m2；微波加热处理中微波频率为2450MHz，控制微波屏蔽箱体210(即微波加热处理室)的内压以使微波屏蔽箱体210内的微波加热液的沸点为130℃左右，微波加热时间为1min；二次热压成型的压力为4Mpa，二次热压成型温度为140℃。
实施例2：
实施例2中的丝束300和无纺布前体500的制备、无纺布前体500预压成型的过程与条件与实施例1完全一致；
微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布步骤(该步骤与实施例一致，区别仅在于实施 例2的微波加热液400为1-戊醇)：在无纺布前体500上喷淋微波加热液400，并将喷淋后的无纺布前体500进行微波加热处理，而后将微波加热后的无纺布二次热压成型，制得成品无纺布600；
其中，微波加热液400为1-戊醇，其表面张力约为27.15mN/m，常压沸点约为137.5℃；微波加热液喷淋量约50g/m2；微波加热处理中微波频率为2450MHz，微波屏蔽箱体210的内压为0.09MPa；微波加热时间为2min；二次热压成型的压力为4Mpa，二次热压成型温度为140℃。
实施例3：
实施例3中微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布的制备方法和制备条件与实施例均一致，区别仅在于：
微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布步骤中，微波加热液400由1-戊醇和乙醇按照质量比45:10组成，乙醇采用95％工业酒精,其表面张力约为22.3mN/m，常压沸点约为78℃；1-戊醇的表面张力约为27.15mN/m，常压沸点约为137.5℃；微波加热液喷淋量约50g/m2；微波加热处理中微波频率为22125MHz，控制微波屏蔽箱体210(即微波加热处理室)的内压以使微波屏蔽箱体210内的微波加热液的沸点为130℃左右；微波加热时间为3min；二次热压成型的压力为6Mpa，二次热压成型温度为150℃。
对比例1：
对比例1中丝束300和无纺布前体500的制备的过程与条件与实施例1完全一致；区别在于：
将丝束300收集铺网成无纺布前体500后，对比例1采用传统的热压成型工艺对无纺布前体500进行热压成型处理制得成品无纺布600，其中，热压成型处理中热压温度为149℃，压力为6Mpa。
对比例2：
对比例1中丝束300和无纺布前体500的制备的过程与条件与实施例1完全一致，区别在于：
微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布步骤中，不在无纺布前体500上喷淋微波加热液400，无纺布前体500直接进行微波加热处理，而后将微波加热后的无纺布二次热压成型，制得成品无纺布600；其中，微波加热处理中微波频率和微波加热时间与实施例1相同；二次热压成型的压力为4Mpa，二次热压成型温度为140℃。
对实施例和对比例制得的成品无纺布600在相同测试条件下进行相关性能测试，测试结果如下表1所示：
表1
由表1可知，实施例1和实施例2的分层剥离强度、静水压均大于对比例1-2；此外，实施例1的分层剥离强度、静水压均优于实施例2-3；对比例2的分层剥离强度、静水压均略高于对比例1。
综上所述，与现有技术相比，本发明提供的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法根据微波加热的均匀性，引入微波加热液400加热对微波吸收能力小的无纺布后，减少成型过程中闪蒸纺丝无纺布表里层的温度梯度，能够显著提高无纺布的分层剥离强度。
需要说明的是：
实施例中纺丝原液的聚合物采用的是聚乙烯(即丝束300的材质为聚乙烯)，根据上述设计构思，该微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法还可适用于其他聚合物材料，包括但不限于于聚烯烃、聚酯类、聚氨酯类、聚酰胺等，其中聚烯烃可以是聚乙烯、聚丙烯及聚甲基戊烯等；
同理，对于聚乙烯丝束300、聚乙烯丝束300铺网形成无纺布前体500的制备方法均为现有技术，本领域技术人员可进行适用性选择，包括但不限于实施例所述方案；
本发明方法除了在闪蒸纺丝无纺布的成型上运用外，亦可在其他技术类型的无纺布成型，膜复合等邻域运用，原理相通；
本文所述“常压”指的是一个标准大气压(101.325kPa，即0.101325Mpa)，溶液的常压沸点指的是溶液在一个标准大气压下的沸点。
另外，本领域技术人员应当理解，尽管现有技术中存在许多问题，但是，本发明的每个实施例或技术方案可以仅在一个或几个方面进行改进，而不必同时解决现有技术中或者背景技术中列出的全部技术问题。本领域技术人员应当理解，对于一个权利要求中没有提到的内容不应当作为对于该权利要求的限制。
尽管本文中较多的使用了诸如丝束、无纺布前体、微波加热等术语，但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便地描述和解释本发明的本质；把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的；本发明实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对 其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1、将丝束收集铺网成无纺布前体，并在无纺布前体上加入用于吸收微波能量并将其转化为热能的微波加热液；
    S2、将S1中获得的无纺布前体进行微波加热处理，并将微波加热后的无纺布热压成型；
    其中，所述微波加热液为具有强微波能量吸收能力的极性溶剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：所述微波加热液的表面张力在20～73mN/m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：所述微波加热液的常压沸点大于等于所述无纺布熔点；或，所述微波加热液的常压沸点为无纺布熔点±10℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：所述微波加热液为醇类、羧酸、水中的一种或多种组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：所述微波加热液由1-戊醇和乙醇组成；
    所述1-戊醇与乙醇的质量比为(40～95)：10。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：S2中，所述微波加热处理时的微波频率为300～25000MHz；微波加热处理室内的微波加热液的沸点为无纺布熔点±5℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：在无纺布前体加入微波加热液前，对无纺布前体进行预压成型处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法，其特征在于：所述丝束的材质为聚乙烯。
  9. 一种微波热合装置，其特征在于：所述微波热合装置用于实现如权利 要求1-9任一项所述的微波热合闪蒸纺丝无纺布工艺方法；
    其包括微波屏蔽箱体、微波发生装置以及用于对无纺布前体喷淋微波加热液的喷淋装置；所述微波发生装置和喷淋装置安设于微波屏蔽箱体内。
  10. 一种无纺布制备设备，其特征在于：包括闪蒸纺丝丝束制备装置以及微波热合装置；
    所述微波热合装置采用权利要求9所述的微波热合装置。
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