WO2023175656A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023175656A1 WO2023175656A1 PCT/JP2022/011211 JP2022011211W WO2023175656A1 WO 2023175656 A1 WO2023175656 A1 WO 2023175656A1 JP 2022011211 W JP2022011211 W JP 2022011211W WO 2023175656 A1 WO2023175656 A1 WO 2023175656A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- outdoor heat
- operation mode
- refrigerant
- heating
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
- F24F11/42—Defrosting; Preventing freezing of outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
- F25B41/42—Arrangements for diverging or converging flows, e.g. branch lines or junctions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
- F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/31—Low ambient temperatures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner that has a function of removing frost adhering to an outdoor heat exchanger.
- heat pump type air conditioners that use air as a heat source are increasingly being introduced in cold regions, instead of boiler type heating equipment that burns fossil fuels for heating.
- a heat pump type air conditioner can perform heating efficiently because heat is supplied from the air in addition to the electrical input to the compressor.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an air conditioner in which the outdoor heat exchanger is divided into a plurality of outdoor heat exchangers and performs a heating defrost operation mode.
- the heating defrost operation mode is an operation mode in which one outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted by flowing a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor into the other outdoor heat exchanger, while the other outdoor heat exchanger acts as an evaporator. .
- each outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted alternately, so heating can be performed continuously without making the flow of the refrigeration cycle the same as the cooling operation.
- the air conditioner of Patent Document 1 uses a bypass based on the evaporation pressure of the other outdoor heat exchanger that acts as an evaporator and the drive frequency of the compressor. Adjust the flow rate adjustment device installed in the piping. The opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device is adjusted so that when the operation mode is switched to the heating defrost operation mode, the refrigerant corresponding to the increase in the refrigerant flow rate flows to the outdoor heat exchanger to be defrosted.
- the air conditioner of Patent Document 1 maintains the flow rate of refrigerant supplied to the indoor heat exchanger in this way, and attempts to suppress a decrease in heating capacity.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in the heating defrost operation mode, it suppresses fluctuations in the indoor air outlet temperature from the heating operation before starting the heating defrost operation mode, and improves indoor comfort.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner that improves the performance of air conditioners.
- the air conditioner according to the present disclosure includes a compressor, a flow path switching device, an indoor heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, and a first outdoor heat exchanger and a second outdoor heat exchanger connected in parallel to each other through piping.
- a connected circuit through which refrigerant flows, a discharge side of the compressor, a flow path switching device and a first outdoor heat exchanger, and a connection between a flow path switching device and a second outdoor heat exchanger.
- a bypass circuit having a bypass pipe through which a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor branches and flows; a flow rate adjustment device provided in the bypass pipe to adjust the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing to the bypass pipe; and a flow path switching device.
- a control device that controls the pressure reduction device and the flow rate adjustment device, and the operation modes include a normal heating operation mode in which the first outdoor heat exchanger and the second outdoor heat exchanger act as an evaporator, and a first and a heating defrost operation mode in which one of the outdoor heat exchanger and the second outdoor heat exchanger is used as a defrost target and the other acts as an evaporator, and the control device is configured to perform defrost operation in the heating defrost operation mode.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device is made smaller from the initial opening degree set at the time of transition from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode, and the flow rate is adjusted when the first condensing temperature is higher than the second condensing temperature. Increase the opening degree of the device from the initial opening degree.
- the control device for an air conditioner when the condensing temperature in the indoor heat exchanger is lower than when switching from the heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode during the heating defrost operation mode, the degree of opening of the flow rate adjustment device is made smaller than the initial degree of opening, and the flow rate of refrigerant supplied to the indoor heat exchanger is increased.
- the air conditioner of the present disclosure can suppress fluctuations in indoor air outlet temperature from the heating operation before starting the heating defrost operation mode, and improve indoor comfort.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram showing an example of the configuration of a control device.
- FIG. 7 is a hardware configuration diagram showing another configuration example of the control device.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during cooling operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a pH diagram during cooling operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a ph diagram during heating operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating defrost operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a ph diagram during heating defrost operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a heating defrost operation mode according to the first embodiment.
- 7 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control device 90 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioner 100 is a device that adjusts the air in an indoor space, and includes an outdoor unit 1, an indoor unit 3, and a control device 90, as shown in FIG.
- the outdoor unit 1 is a device that is installed outdoors, for example, and supplies heat or cold to the indoor unit 3.
- the outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 11, a flow path switching device 12, a pressure reducing device 13, a first outdoor heat exchanger 14a, a second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, a first switching device 15a, and a second switching device 15b. , a first sub-pressure reducing device 16a, a second sub-pressure reducing device 16b, and an outdoor blower 17.
- the outdoor unit 1 also includes a flow rate adjustment device 21, a first bypass switching device 22a, and a second bypass switching device 22b.
- the outdoor unit 1 includes a first outdoor pressure sensor 92a, a second outdoor pressure sensor 92b, and an outdoor temperature sensor 93. A description of each device of the outdoor unit 1 will be given later.
- the outdoor unit 1 has an outdoor unit pipe 41, an outdoor unit pipe 42, an outdoor unit pipe 43, a discharge pipe 44, a suction pipe 45, a parallel pipe 70, and a bypass pipe 81.
- the outdoor unit piping 41 connects the flow path switching device 12 and an extension piping 51 described later.
- the outdoor unit piping 42 connects the flow path switching device 12 to the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b.
- the outdoor unit piping 42 branches at the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, and the branch destinations are connected to the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, respectively.
- the outdoor unit piping 43 connects the first auxiliary pressure reducing device 16a and the second auxiliary pressure reducing device 16b to an extension piping 52, which will be described later.
- the outdoor unit piping 43 has a first auxiliary pressure reducing device 16a and a second auxiliary pressure reducing device 16b branched, and the branch destinations are connected to the first auxiliary pressure reducing device 16a and the second auxiliary pressure reducing device 16b, respectively. There is.
- the discharge pipe 44 connects the discharge side of the compressor 11 and the flow path switching device 12.
- the suction pipe 45 connects the suction side of the compressor 11 and the flow path switching device 12.
- the parallel piping 70 includes a first compressor side piping 71a and a second compressor side piping 71b on the side of the compressor 11 and the flow path switching device 12, and a first compressor side piping 72a and a second compressor side piping 72a on the pressure reducing device 13 side. It consists of two pressure reducing device side pipes 72b.
- the first compressor side pipe 71a connects the first switching device 15a and the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a.
- the second compressor side pipe 71b connects the second opening/closing device 15b and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the first pressure reducing device side pipe 72a connects the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the first sub pressure reducing device 16a.
- the second pressure reducing device side pipe 72b connects the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b and the second sub pressure reducing device 16b.
- the first compressor side piping 71a and the first pressure reducing device side piping 72a, the second compressor side piping 71b and the second pressure reducing device side piping 72b are the outdoor unit piping 42 and the outdoor unit piping 43. are connected in parallel.
- the bypass pipe 81 branches from the middle of the discharge pipe 44 and connects to the first compressor side pipe 71a and the second compressor side pipe 71b by bypassing the flow path switching device 12.
- the bypass piping 81 branches into a first compressor side piping 71a and a second compressor side piping 71b, and branches to the first compressor side piping 71a and the second compressor side piping 71b, respectively.
- the bypass piping 81 is connected between the discharge side of the compressor 11, the flow path switching device 12 and the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a, and between the flow path switching device 12 and the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a. connecting between.
- a part of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 branches and flows into the bypass pipe 81 .
- the bypass pipe 81 may be configured to connect the outdoor unit pipe 41 to the first compressor side pipe 71a and the second compressor side pipe 71b.
- the indoor unit 3 is, for example, a device placed indoors to condition the indoor air.
- the indoor unit 3 has an indoor heat exchanger 31 and an indoor blower 32.
- the indoor unit 3 has an indoor pressure sensor 91 and an indoor temperature sensor 94. A description of each device of the indoor unit 3 will be given later.
- the indoor unit 3 has an indoor unit piping 61 and an indoor unit piping 62.
- the indoor unit piping 61 connects the extension piping 51 and the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the indoor unit piping 62 connects the indoor heat exchanger 31 and the extension piping 52.
- the extension pipe 51 and the extension pipe 52 are provided outside the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3, and connect the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3.
- Embodiment 1 illustrates the case where there is one outdoor unit 1 and one indoor unit 3, two or more may be used.
- the compressor 11 takes in refrigerant at a low temperature and low pressure, compresses the sucked refrigerant, and discharges the refrigerant at a high temperature and high pressure.
- the flow path switching device 12 switches the direction in which the refrigerant flows in the refrigerant circuit, and is, for example, a four-way valve.
- the pressure reducing device 13 is a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve that reduces the pressure of the refrigerant and expands it.
- the pressure reducing device 13 is, for example, an electronic expansion valve whose opening degree is adjusted. In the first embodiment, a case is illustrated in which the pressure reducing device 13 is provided in the outdoor unit 1, but the pressure reducing device 13 may be provided in the indoor unit 3.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a is provided between the first compressor side pipe 71a and the first pressure reducing device side pipe 72a.
- the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is provided between the second compressor side pipe 71b and the second pressure reducing device side pipe 72b. That is, the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b are connected in parallel to each other.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b exchange heat between, for example, outdoor air and a refrigerant.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b act as a condenser during cooling operation, and act as an evaporator during heating operation. In Embodiment 1, the case where there are two outdoor heat exchangers is illustrated, but there may be three or more outdoor heat exchangers.
- the first opening/closing device 15a is provided between the outdoor unit piping 42 and the first compressor side piping 71a.
- the second opening/closing device 15b is provided between the outdoor unit piping 42 and the second compressor side piping 71b.
- the refrigerant flows into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and when it is closed, the refrigerant does not flow between the outdoor unit piping 42 and the second compressor side piping 71b.
- the first opening/closing device 15a and the second opening/closing device 15b need only be capable of opening and closing a flow path, and are constituted by a solenoid valve, a four-way valve, a three-way valve, a two-way valve, or the like.
- the first sub pressure reducing device 16a is provided between the first pressure reducing device side piping 72a and the outdoor unit piping 43.
- the second sub pressure reducing device 16b is provided between the second pressure reducing device side piping 72b and the outdoor unit piping 43.
- the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a and the second sub-pressure reducing device 16b are, for example, electronic expansion valves whose opening degree is adjusted, or fixed resistors such as capillary tubes.
- the outdoor blower 17 sends outdoor air to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- first embodiment a case is illustrated in which one outdoor blower 17 sends outdoor air to both the two first outdoor heat exchangers 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the two outdoor blowers 17 may be configured to send outdoor air to the two first outdoor heat exchangers 14a and the second outdoor heat exchangers 14b, respectively.
- the indoor heat exchanger 31 exchanges heat between, for example, indoor air and a refrigerant.
- the indoor heat exchanger 31 acts as an evaporator during cooling operation, and acts as a condenser during heating operation.
- the indoor blower 32 sends indoor air to the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the pressure reducing device 16a, the second sub pressure reducing device 16b, and the indoor heat exchanger 31 are connected to the outdoor unit pipes 41 to 43, the discharge pipe 44, the suction pipe 45, the extension pipes 51 and 52, the indoor unit pipes 61 and 62, and the parallel
- a main circuit 10 in which the refrigerant circulates is configured by being connected by a pipe 70.
- the outdoor unit piping 41 to 43, the discharge piping 44, the suction piping 45, the extension piping 51 and 52, the indoor unit piping 61 and 62, and the parallel piping 70 correspond to "piping" in the present disclosure.
- the flow rate adjustment device 21 is provided in the bypass pipe 81 and adjusts the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the bypass pipe 81.
- the first bypass opening/closing device 22a is provided at a side of the branched portion of the bypass piping 81 that is connected to the first compressor side piping 71a. When the first bypass opening/closing device 22a is open, the refrigerant that has passed through the bypass piping 81 flows into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a, and when it is closed, the bypass piping 81 flows through the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a. The refrigerant that passed through it does not flow.
- the second bypass opening/closing device 22b is provided at a side of the branched portion of the bypass piping 81 that is connected to the second compressor side piping 71b.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the bypass piping 81 flows into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and when it is closed, the refrigerant flows through the bypass piping 81 into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the refrigerant that passed through it does not flow.
- the first bypass opening/closing device 22a and the second bypass opening/closing device 22b only need to be capable of opening and closing a flow path, and are constituted by a solenoid valve, a four-way valve, a three-way valve, a two-way valve, or the like.
- the flow rate adjustment device 21, the first bypass opening/closing device 22a, and the second bypass opening/closing device 22b are connected by a bypass pipe 81 to constitute a bypass circuit 20 through which the refrigerant flows.
- the first outdoor pressure sensor 92a is provided between the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the pressure reducing device 13 in the first pressure reducing device side piping 72a, and the refrigerant flowing through the first pressure reducing device side piping 72a Detects pressure.
- the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b is provided between the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b and the pressure reducing device 13 in the second pressure reducing device side piping 72b, and the refrigerant flowing through the second pressure reducing device side piping 72b Detects pressure.
- the first outdoor pressure sensor 92a and the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b are connected to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a. It also functions as a sensor that detects the condensation pressure of the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the first outdoor pressure sensor 92a and the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b are connected to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a. It also functions as a sensor that detects the evaporation pressure of the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- first outdoor pressure sensor 92a and the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b may be attached to the suction side of the compressor 11 to detect the suction pressure. Furthermore, if the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the first outdoor pressure sensor 92a and the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b may be replaced by temperature sensors that detect the temperature of the refrigerant. In this case, the control device 90 converts the value detected by the temperature sensor into the pressure of the refrigerant as the saturation temperature.
- a direct method may be used to detect the temperature when the temperature sensor and the refrigerant come into contact, or an indirect method may be used to detect the temperature of the outer surface of piping or a heat exchanger.
- the outdoor temperature sensor 93 is provided near the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and detects the temperature of outdoor air. Specifically, the outdoor temperature sensor 93 is installed at a position slightly away from the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a on the outside air inflow side to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a. Note that the outdoor temperature sensor 93 may be provided near the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the indoor pressure sensor 91 is provided in the indoor heat exchanger 31 and detects the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the indoor pressure sensor 91 functions as a sensor that detects the condensation pressure of the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the indoor pressure sensor 91 functions as a sensor that detects the evaporation pressure of the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the indoor pressure sensor 91 may be attached to the discharge side of the compressor 11 to detect the discharge pressure. Further, if the refrigerant is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, a temperature sensor that detects the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31 may be used instead.
- the indoor temperature sensor 94 is provided near the indoor heat exchanger 31 and detects the temperature of indoor air. Specifically, the indoor temperature sensor 94 is installed at the indoor air suction port of the indoor unit 3, which is slightly away from the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- fluorocarbon refrigerant for example, fluorocarbon refrigerant, HFO refrigerant, etc.
- fluorocarbon refrigerant examples include HFC refrigerants such as R32 refrigerant, R125, and R134a.
- R410A, R407c, R404A, etc. which are mixed refrigerants of HFC-based refrigerants.
- HFO refrigerant examples include HFOa234yf, HFOa234ze (E), and HFOa234ze (Z).
- refrigerants include CO 2 refrigerant, HC refrigerant, ammonia refrigerant, and mixed refrigerants of the above refrigerants, such as a mixed refrigerant of R32 and HFOa234yf, and refrigerants used in vapor compression type heat pump circuits. Can be used.
- HC refrigerant include propane and isobutane refrigerants.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing the air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 90 based on the detection results of the indoor pressure sensor 91, the first outdoor pressure sensor 92a, the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b, the outdoor temperature sensor 93, and the indoor temperature sensor 94, Compressor 11, flow path switching device 12, pressure reducing device 13, first switching device 15a and second switching device 15b, first sub pressure reducing device 16a and second sub pressure reducing device 16b, outdoor blower 17, flow rate adjustment It controls the device 21, the first bypass opening/closing device 22a, the second bypass opening/closing device 22b, the indoor blower 32, etc. to execute each operation mode of the indoor unit 3, change the set room temperature, etc.
- FIG. 3 is a hardware configuration diagram showing an example of the configuration of the control device 90. As shown in FIG. When the various functions of the controller 14 are executed by hardware, the control device 90 is configured with a processing circuit 101, as shown in FIG. 3, and each function is realized by the processing circuit 101.
- the processing circuit 101 may be implemented using, for example, a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate). Array) or a combination of these.
- FIG. 4 is a hardware configuration diagram showing another configuration example of the control device 90.
- the control device 90 is configured with a processor 102 such as a CPU and a memory 103, as shown in FIG.
- processor 102 and memory 103 are communicatively connected to each other via bus 104.
- Each function of the control device 90 is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware.
- Software and firmware are written as programs and stored in memory 103.
- the processor 102 implements each function by reading and executing programs stored in the memory 103.
- Examples of the memory 103 include ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable and Programmable ROM), and EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM).
- a nonvolatile semiconductor memory such as a programmable ROM (ROM) is used.
- a volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM (Random Access Memory) may be used.
- a removable recording medium such as a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a CD (Compact Disc), an MD (Mini Disc), and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) may be used.
- the air conditioner 100 has a cooling operation mode, a normal heating operation mode, a reverse cycle defrost operation mode, and a heating defrost operation mode as operation modes.
- the cooling operation mode the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b both act as a condenser, and the indoor unit 3 cools the room.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b both act as an evaporator, and the indoor unit 3 heats the room.
- the main circuit 10 In the reverse cycle defrost operation mode, the main circuit 10 is operated with the same refrigerant flow as during the cooling operation, and the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b are defrosted.
- the control device 90 transfers the operation mode from the normal heating operation mode to the reverse cycle defrost operation mode when the reverse cycle defrost transition condition is satisfied.
- the reverse cycle defrost shift condition is, for example, exceeding a preset maximum time threshold for normal heating operation during normal heating operation mode.
- frost forms on the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b may be set as the reverse cycle defrost transition condition.
- the control device 90 shifts the operation mode from the reverse cycle defrost operation mode to the normal heating operation mode when the reverse cycle defrost termination condition is satisfied.
- the reverse cycle defrost termination condition is, for example, that the reverse cycle defrost operation mode is performed for a predetermined period of time.
- the heating defrost operation mode one of the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is targeted for defrosting, and the other acts as an evaporator, thereby defrosting and defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger. , and maintain heating operation.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b are alternately defrosted.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a acts as an evaporator and performs the heating operation, while the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is defrosted.
- the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b acts as an evaporator to perform heating operation, and the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a defrost is performed.
- the control device 90 transfers the operation mode from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode when the heating defrost transition condition is satisfied.
- the heating defrost shift condition is, for example, when frost forms in the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b during the normal heating operation mode. Note that the presence or absence of frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger is determined by a well-known method using the detection results of each sensor.
- heating is performed when the temperature of the indoor air approaches the set room temperature and the driving frequency of the compressor 11 becomes lower than the frequency threshold, or when the time in which the normal heating operation mode is continuously performed reaches a predetermined maximum time. It may also be used as a defrost transition condition.
- the control device 90 switches the outdoor heat exchanger to be defrosted when the switching conditions are satisfied.
- the switching condition is, for example, that defrosting of the outdoor heat exchanger to be defrosted is completed, or that a predetermined period of time has elapsed.
- the control device 90 shifts the operation mode from the heating defrost operation mode to the normal heating operation mode when the heating defrost termination condition is satisfied.
- the heating defrost termination condition is that the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b reaches a predetermined value or higher within a preset predetermined maximum time. . In this case, the control device 90 extends the maximum operating time of the normal heating operation mode after returning from the heating defrost operation mode.
- control device 90 extends the maximum operating time of the normal heating operation mode before switching to the reverse cycle defrost operation mode or the heating defrost operation mode. Furthermore, the condition for ending the heating defrost may be that the heating defrost operation mode is performed for a predetermined period of time. In this case, the control device 90 may switch from the heating defrost operation mode to the heating operation mode and then switch to the reverse cycle defrost operation mode. Below, the flow of refrigerant in each operation mode will be explained.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during cooling operation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a pH diagram during cooling operation in the first embodiment.
- a solid line indicates a portion through which the refrigerant flows, and a broken line indicates a portion through which the refrigerant does not flow.
- the control device 90 connects the discharge side of the compressor 11 to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and connects the suction side of the compressor 11 to the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the flow path switching device 12 is switched so that the Further, the control device 90 fully closes the flow rate adjustment device 21 and fully opens the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, as well as the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a and the second sub-pressure reducing device 16b. .
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged in a high temperature and high pressure gas state.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to be heated by the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor 11, compared to the case where the refrigerant is adiabatically compressed along an isentropic line.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the line extending from point (a) to point (b) in FIG.
- the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 branches and flows into the first compressor side pipe 71a and the second compressor side pipe 71b.
- the branched refrigerant passes through the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, and flows into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, which act as condensers. do.
- the refrigerant exchanges heat with the outdoor air sent by the outdoor blower 17 in the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, condenses and liquefies, and becomes a medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant. .
- the change in the refrigerant in the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is slightly inclined like the line extending from point (b) to point (c) in FIG. It becomes a straight line that is almost horizontal.
- the condensed medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid state refrigerant flows into the pressure reducing device 13 after merging, and is expanded and depressurized in the pressure reducing device 13 to become a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the change in refrigerant in the pressure reducing device 13 is performed under constant enthalpy.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to a vertical line extending from point (c) to point (d) in FIG.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passes through the extension pipe 52 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31 that acts as an evaporator, where it exchanges heat with the indoor air sent by the indoor blower 32 and evaporates. and gasify it. At this time, indoor air is cooled and cooling is performed indoors. Considering the pressure loss, the change in the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31 becomes a slightly inclined, almost horizontal straight line like the line extending from point (d) to point (a) in FIG.
- the evaporated low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant passes through the extension pipe 51 and the flow path switching device 12 and is sucked into the compressor 11 .
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during heating operation in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a ph diagram during heating operation in the first embodiment. In FIG. 7, portions through which the refrigerant flows are shown by solid lines, and portions through which the refrigerant does not flow are shown by broken lines.
- the control device 90 connects the discharge side of the compressor 11 to the indoor heat exchanger 31, and connects the suction side of the compressor 11 to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the flow path switching device 12 is switched so that the control device 90 fully closes the flow rate adjustment device 21 and fully opens each of the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, as well as the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a and the second sub-pressure reducing device 16b. Make it.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged in a high temperature and high pressure gas state.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to be heated by the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor 11, compared to the case where the refrigerant is adiabatically compressed along an isentropic line.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the line extending from point (a) to point (b) in FIG.
- the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 passes through the flow path switching device 12 and the extension pipe 51, and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31 which acts as a condenser.
- the indoor heat exchanger 31 the refrigerant exchanges heat with indoor air, condenses and liquefies, and becomes a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- indoor air is warmed and heating is performed indoors.
- the change in the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31 becomes a slightly inclined, nearly horizontal straight line, like the line extending from point (b) to point (c) in FIG.
- the condensed medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows into the pressure reducing device 13 through the extension pipe 52, and is expanded and depressurized in the pressure reducing device 13 to become a medium-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the change in refrigerant in the pressure reducing device 13 is performed under constant enthalpy.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the vertical line extending from point (c) to point (d) in FIG.
- the pressure reducing device 13 is controlled so that the degree of subcooling of the medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant is approximately 5K to 20K.
- the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant branches and flows into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, which act as evaporators.
- heat is exchanged with outdoor air, and the air is evaporated and gasified.
- the change in the refrigerant in the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is slightly inclined like the line extending from point (d) to point (a) in FIG. It becomes a straight line that is almost horizontal.
- the evaporated low temperature and low pressure gas state refrigerant flows into the first compressor side pipe 71a and the second compressor side pipe 71b, and after passing through the first switchgear 15a and the second switchgear 15b. They merge, pass through the flow path switching device 12, and are sucked into the compressor 11.
- the branched refrigerant passes through the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, and is transferred from the first compressor side piping 71a and the second compressor side piping 71b to the first outdoor heat exchanger, respectively. 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant melts the frost by exchanging heat with the frost adhering to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of refrigerant during the heating defrost operation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a ph diagram during the heating defrost operation of the first embodiment.
- the portions through which the refrigerant flows are shown by solid lines, and the portions through which the refrigerant does not flow are shown by broken lines.
- the control device 90 connects the discharge side of the compressor 11 to the indoor heat exchanger 31, and connects the suction side of the compressor 11 to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger. 14b is connected to the flow path switching device 12.
- control device 90 opens the flow rate adjustment device 21.
- one of the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is selected as a defrost target and defrost is performed, and the other acts as an evaporator and performs heating operation. continue.
- the control device 90 alternately switches the opening and closing states of the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, as well as the first bypass switching device 22a and the second bypass switching device 22b. Thereby, the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b are alternately switched as defrost targets.
- the flow of the refrigerant is switched in response to switching between the outdoor heat exchanger to be defrosted and the outdoor heat exchanger acting as an evaporator.
- the control device 90 fully opens the first switching device 15a and fully closes the second switching device 15b.
- the control device 90 fully closes the first bypass switching device 22a and fully opens the second bypass switching device 22b.
- the control device 90 controls the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b corresponding to the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b so that the pressure of the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b to be defrosted is approximately 0° C. to 10° C. in terms of saturation temperature.
- the opening degree of the sub-pressure reducing device 16b is controlled.
- the control device 90 fully opens the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a corresponding to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a functioning as an evaporator.
- the flow of refrigerant in the main circuit 10 will be explained.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 11 is compressed by the compressor 11 and discharged in a high temperature and high pressure gas state.
- the refrigerant is compressed so as to be heated by the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor 11, compared to the case where the refrigerant is adiabatically compressed along an isentropic line.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the line extending from point (a) to point (b) in FIG.
- a part of the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 passes through the flow path switching device 12 and the extension pipe 51, and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 31 which acts as a condenser.
- the indoor heat exchanger 31 the refrigerant exchanges heat with indoor air, condenses and liquefies, and becomes a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- indoor air is warmed and heating is performed indoors.
- the change in the refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 31 becomes a slightly inclined, almost horizontal straight line, like the line extending from point (b) to point (c) in FIG.
- the condensed medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid state refrigerant flows into the pressure reducing device 13 and the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a through the extension pipe 52, and is expanded and depressurized in the pressure reducing device 13 and the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a.
- the refrigerant becomes a medium-pressure gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant.
- the change in refrigerant in the pressure reducing device 13 is performed under constant enthalpy.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the vertical line extending from point (c) to point (d) in FIG.
- the refrigerant in the gas-liquid two-phase state does not flow into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, which is the target of defrosting, but flows into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a, which acts as an evaporator.
- heat is exchanged with outdoor air to evaporate and gasify.
- the change in the refrigerant in the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a becomes a slightly inclined, almost horizontal straight line like the line extending from point (d) to point (a) in FIG. 10.
- the evaporated low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous refrigerant flows into the first compressor side pipe 71a, passes through the first switching device 15a, passes through the flow path switching device 12, and is sucked into the compressor 11. be done.
- the refrigerant whose pressure has been reduced in the flow rate adjustment device 21 passes through the second bypass opening/closing device 22b, flows into the second compressor side piping 71b, and flows to the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b to be defrosted.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is cooled by exchanging heat with the frost attached to the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the high temperature and high pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 11 flows into the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, thereby melting the frost attached to the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b.
- the change in the refrigerant at this time corresponds to the line extending from point (e) to point (f) in FIG.
- the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is defrosted, and the refrigerant flowing out from the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b passes through the second sub-pressure reducing device 16b and joins the main circuit 10.
- the combined refrigerants flow into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a, which functions as an evaporator, and are evaporated.
- the first switching device 15a and the second switching device 15b, the opening and closing states of the first bypass switching device 22a and the second bypass switching device 22b, and the opening and closing states of the first sub-pressure reducing device 16a and the second sub-pressure reducing device 16b are as described above. The situation is reversed. Therefore, detailed explanation will be omitted.
- the control device 90 controlling the flow rate adjustment device 21 in the heating defrost operation mode.
- the control device 90 causes an increase in the refrigerant flow rate to flow to the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a or the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b to be defrosted.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is set to the initial opening degree Pulse ini .
- the refrigerant flow rate increases as the drive frequency of the compressor 11 and the density of the refrigerant increase, and the density of the refrigerant is directly proportional to the evaporation pressure. Therefore, when switching to the heating defrost operation mode, the greater the drop in the evaporation pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger that acts as an evaporator and the smaller the increment in the driving frequency of the compressor 11, the more the first outdoor heat exchanger to be defrosted.
- the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b becomes smaller.
- the control device 90 sets the initial opening degree Pulse ini based on the evaporation pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger acting as an evaporator and the driving frequency of the compressor 11. Set. Specifically, the larger the drop in the evaporation pressure of the outdoor heat exchanger acting as an evaporator and the smaller the increment in the driving frequency of the compressor 11, the smaller the initial opening degree Pulse ini of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is set.
- first outdoor pressure sensor 92a and the second outdoor pressure sensor 92b which detect the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, which act as evaporators, Functions as a sensor to detect pressure.
- the control device 90 corrects the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 from the initial opening degree Pulse ini with reference to the condensation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 31. Set to opening.
- the control device 90 calculates the condensation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 31 by converting the condensation pressure of the indoor heat exchanger 31 detected by the indoor pressure sensor 91.
- the control device 90 operates based on the magnitude relationship between the first condensing temperature TC when switching the defrost target and the second condensing temperature TC heat when switching from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode. , adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21.
- the control device 90 makes the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 larger than the initial opening degree Pulse ini . Further, when the first condensing temperature TC ⁇ second condensing temperature TC heat , the control device 90 makes the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 smaller than the initial opening degree Pulse ini . More specifically, the control device 90 may correct the opening degree using the following formula. However, the control device 90 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 so that it does not become lower than a predetermined lower limit value of the opening degree.
- the opening degree lower limit value means the minimum opening degree that can remove the entire amount of frost, and is determined by actual machine tests.
- Pulse Pulse ini ⁇ (TC-TA)/(TC heat -TA heat )
- Pulse is the newly set opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21.
- TA is the suction temperature of the indoor unit 3 when switching the defrost target in the heating defrost operation mode.
- TA heat is the suction temperature when switching from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode.
- the second condensing temperature TC heat and suction temperature TA heat when switching from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode are stored in the control device 90 when switching to the heating defrost operation mode.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the heating defrost operation mode according to the first embodiment.
- four graphs show the condensing temperature, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21, the indoor suction temperature, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 13 for each time in the first embodiment and the comparative example. .
- the time on the horizontal axis of each graph is common.
- FIG. 11 shows a case where the first condensing temperature TC when switching the defrost target becomes lower than the second condensing temperature TC heat when switching from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode.
- the comparative example shows a case where the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is not corrected based on the condensation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 31 in the first embodiment described above.
- the refrigerant flow rate may become smaller than expected due to deterioration of the volumetric efficiency of the compressor 11 due to an increase in the difference between high and low pressures in the refrigeration cycle.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is maintained at the initial opening degree Pulse ini , the condensing temperature may decrease and the heating capacity may decrease.
- the indoor suction temperature decreases in the heating defrost operation mode due to a decrease in heating capacity.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is corrected based on the condensation temperature of the indoor heat exchanger 31.
- the first condensing temperature TC when switching the defrost target has become lower than the second condensing temperature TC heat when switching from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode, so the control device 90, the opening degree Pulse of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is made smaller than the initial opening degree Pulse ini . Therefore, in the first embodiment, it is possible to maintain the condensing temperature before starting the heating defrost operation mode, and it is possible to prevent fluctuations in the heating capacity from the normal heating operation. In Embodiment 1, by suppressing fluctuations in heating capacity, the decrease in indoor suction temperature is suppressed more than in the comparative example in the heating defrost operation mode.
- the control device 90 increases the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 13 in accordance with the rise in discharge temperature. If the pressure reducing device 13 is returned to the normal heating operation mode with a large opening degree, the pressure difference between the heights and the low points may not be established and the condensing temperature may drop. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, when returning to the normal heating operation mode, the control device 90 may change the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 13 to the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 13 immediately before the heating defrost operation mode. . Thereby, when returning to the normal heating operation mode, the pressure difference between the heights and the lows is ensured, and a decrease in the condensing temperature can be suppressed.
- the control device 90 By controlling the flow rate adjustment device 21 in this manner by the control device 90, even if the refrigerant flow rate decreases during the heating defrost operation mode or when returning to the normal heating operation mode, the heating capacity from the heating operation can be maintained. Fluctuations can be suppressed and indoor air outlet temperature can be maintained.
- the heating defrost operation mode is performed as follows. Good too. That is, first, among the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b, the outdoor heat exchanger placed on the lower side is targeted for defrosting, and then the outdoor heat exchanger placed on the upper side is subjected to defrosting. Defrost the entire surface by setting it as a defrost target. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the molten water generated when the upper outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted from being retained in the frost phase of the lower outdoor heat exchanger.
- the lower heat exchanger may be defrosted again. Thereby, it is possible to suppress re-freezing of the melted water generated when the upper outdoor heat exchanger is defrosted when it is transmitted to the lower outdoor heat exchanger that serves as an evaporator.
- the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b which are independent from each other, are arranged one above the other, that is, one of the first outdoor heat exchanger 14a and the second outdoor heat exchanger 14b is connected to the other.
- the case where the outdoor heat exchanger is placed below is also the same as the case where one outdoor heat exchanger is divided.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 when the lower outdoor heat exchanger is targeted for defrost for the second time is the same as the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 when the lower outdoor heat exchanger is targeted for defrost for the first time. and the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 when the upper outdoor heat exchanger is targeted for defrosting.
- the time when the lower outdoor heat exchanger is subject to defrost for the second time is the time when the lower outdoor heat exchanger is subject to defrost for the first time, and the time when the upper outdoor heat exchanger is subject to defrost. It may be shorter than the time it takes.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control device 90 according to the first embodiment.
- the operation of the control device 90 from transitioning from the normal heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode and returning to the normal heating operation mode will be described using FIG. 12.
- the description of the control of the first bypass switching device 22a and the second bypass switching device 22b will be omitted.
- the control device 90 determines whether a transition condition to the heating defrost operation mode is satisfied during execution of the normal heating operation mode (step S1).
- step S1 If the conditions for transition to the heating defrost operation mode are not met (step S1: NO), the control device 90 continues the normal heating operation mode until the conditions for transition to the heating defrost operation mode are met, and during that period, the process of step S1 is periodically performed. Do it on purpose. If the heating defrost shift condition is satisfied (step S1: YES), the control device 90 acquires the second condensing temperature TC heat of the indoor heat exchanger 31 (step S2), and controls the controller 90 to shift to the heating defrost operation mode. Each device is operated (step S3). At this time, the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is set to the initial opening degree Pulse ini .
- the control device 90 determines whether the heating defrost termination condition is satisfied (step S4). If the heating defrost end condition is not satisfied (step S4: NO), the control device 90 determines whether the switching condition for the defrost target in the heating defrost operation mode is satisfied (step S5). If the defrost target switching condition is not met, the control device 90 continues the heating defrost operation mode in which one of the outdoor heat exchangers is the defrost target until the defrost target switching condition is met, during which time step S5 The process is performed periodically. If the defrost target switching condition is satisfied (step S5: YES), the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is acquired (step S6).
- the control device 90 determines whether the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is higher than the second condensing temperature TC heat (step S7). If the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is higher than the second condensing temperature TC heat (step S7: YES), the control device 90 adjusts the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 from the initial opening degree Pulse ini . is also enlarged (step S8).
- step S7 If the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is lower than or equal to the second condensing temperature TC heat (step S7: NO), the control device 90 causes the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 to be lower than the second condensing temperature TC heat (step S7: NO). It is determined whether the temperature is lower than the temperature TC heat (step S9). If the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is lower than the second condensing temperature TC heat (step S9: YES), the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is reduced below the initial opening degree Pulse ini (step S10).
- step S7 if neither step S7 nor S8 applies, that is, if the first condensing temperature TC of the indoor heat exchanger 31 is equal to the second condensing temperature TC heat , the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment device 21 is set to the initial opening degree. Do not change from Pulse ini .
- the control device 90 operates each device to switch the defrost target (step S11), and again determines whether the termination conditions for the heating defrost operation mode are satisfied. (Step S4).
- step S4 If the heating defrost end condition is satisfied (step S4: YES), the control device 90 operates each device to shift to the normal heating operation mode (step S12). Note that the order of the processes described above is only an example, and for example, the order of steps S2 and S3 may be switched, or the order of steps S8 or S10 and step S11 may be switched.
- control device 90 of the first embodiment controls the flow rate adjustment device 21 when the condensing temperature is lower than when switching from the heating operation mode to the heating defrost operation mode during the heating defrost operation mode.
- the opening degree is made smaller than the initial opening degree. This increases the flow rate of refrigerant supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 31. Therefore, in the heating defrost operation mode, the air conditioner 100 of Embodiment 1 can suppress fluctuations in indoor air outlet temperature from the heating operation before starting the heating defrost operation mode, and can improve indoor comfort.
- the first sub pressure reducing device 16a and the second sub pressure reducing device 16b may be omitted from the air conditioner 100.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本開示に係る空気調和装置100の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100を示す回路図である。空気調和装置100は、室内空間の空気を調整する装置であり、図1に示すように、室外機1、室内機3、および制御装置90を備えている。
冷房運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明する。図5は、実施の形態1の冷房運転時の冷媒の流れを示す回路図である。図6は、実施の形態1の冷房運転時のp-h線図である。図5では、冷媒が流れる部分を実線で示し、冷媒が流れない部分を破線で示している。冷房運転において、制御装置90は、圧縮機11の吐出側と第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bとが接続され、圧縮機11の吸入側と室内熱交換器31とが接続されるように流路切替装置12を切り替える。また、制御装置90は、流量調整装置21を全閉にし、第1の開閉装置15aおよび第2の開閉装置15b、ならびに第1の副減圧装置16aおよび第2の副減圧装置16bを全開にする。図5に示すように、冷房運転において、圧縮機11に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機11によって圧縮されて高温且つ高圧のガス状態で吐出される。圧縮機11における冷媒の圧縮過程は、圧縮機11の断熱効率の分だけ、等エントロピ線で断熱圧縮される場合と比較して加熱されるように圧縮される。このときの冷媒の変化は、図6の点(a)から点(b)に延びる線に該当する。
通常暖房運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明する。図7は、実施の形態1の暖房運転時の冷媒の流れを示す回路図である。図8は、実施の形態1の暖房運転時のp-h線図である。図7では、冷媒が流れる部分を実線で示し、冷媒が流れない部分を破線で示している。暖房運転において、制御装置90は、圧縮機11の吐出側と室内熱交換器31とが接続され、圧縮機11の吸入側と第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bとが接続されるように流路切替装置12を切り替える。また、制御装置90は、流量調整装置21を全閉にし、それぞれの第1の開閉装置15aおよび第2の開閉装置15b、ならびに第1の副減圧装置16aおよび第2の副減圧装置16bを全開にする。図7に示すように、暖房運転において、圧縮機11に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機11によって圧縮されて高温且つ高圧のガス状態で吐出される。圧縮機11における冷媒の圧縮過程は、圧縮機11の断熱効率の分だけ、等エントロピ線で断熱圧縮される場合と比較して加熱されるように圧縮される。このときの冷媒の変化は、図8の点(a)から点(b)に延びる線に該当する。
逆サイクルデフロスト運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明する。冷媒の流れは、冷房運転モードと同様であるため、図示は省略する。ただし、逆サイクルデフロストモードは、冷媒が減圧装置13で減圧されないこと、および室内送風機32が動作しないことが、冷房運転モードと相違する。圧縮機11から吐出された高温且つ高圧のガス状態の冷媒は、流路切替装置12を通過した後、第1の圧縮機側配管71aおよび第2の圧縮機側配管71bに分岐して流れる。分岐した冷媒は、それぞれの第1の開閉装置15aおよび第2の開閉装置15bを通過して、それぞれ第1の圧縮機側配管71aおよび第2の圧縮機側配管71bから第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bに流入する。高温且つ高圧のガス状態の冷媒は、第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bに付着した霜と熱交換されることによって、霜を融かす。
暖房デフロスト運転モード時の冷媒の流れについて説明する。図9は、実施の形態1の暖房デフロスト運転時の冷媒の流れを示す回路図である。図10は、実施の形態1の暖房デフロスト運転時のp-h線図である。図9では、冷媒が流れる部分を実線で示し、冷媒が流れない部分を破線で示している。暖房デフロスト運転において、制御装置90は、圧縮機11の吐出側と室内熱交換器31とが接続され、圧縮機11の吸入側と第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bとが接続されるように流路切替装置12を切り替える。また、制御装置90は、流量調整装置21を開放している。暖房デフロスト運転モードでは、第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bのうち、一方がデフロスト対象として選択されてデフロストが実施され、他方が蒸発器として作用して暖房運転を継続する。制御装置90は、第1の開閉装置15aおよび第2の開閉装置15b、ならびに第1のバイパス開閉装置22aおよび第2のバイパス開閉装置22bの開閉状態を、交互に切り替える。これにより、第1の室外熱交換器14aおよび第2の室外熱交換器14bが交互にデフロスト対象として切り替わる。冷媒の流れは、デフロスト対象の室外熱交換器と、蒸発器として作用する室外熱交換器とが切り替わることに応じて切り替わる。
Pulseini×(TC-TA)/(TCheat-TAheat)
Claims (8)
- 圧縮機、流路切替装置、室内熱交換器、減圧装置、ならびに互いに並列に接続された第1の室外熱交換器および第2の室外熱交換器が配管により接続され冷媒が流れる回路と、
前記圧縮機の吐出側と、前記流路切替装置と前記第1の室外熱交換器との間、および前記流路切替装置と前記第2の室外熱交換器との間とを接続し、前記圧縮機から吐出された冷媒の一部が分岐して流れるバイパス配管を有するバイパス回路と、
前記バイパス配管に設けられ、前記バイパス配管に流れる冷媒の流量を調整する流量調整装置と、
前記流路切替装置、前記減圧装置および前記流量調整装置を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
運転モードとして、前記第1の室外熱交換器および前記第2の室外熱交換器が蒸発器として作用する通常暖房運転モードと、前記第1の室外熱交換器および前記第2の室外熱交換器のうち、一方をデフロスト対象として、他方を蒸発器として作用させる暖房デフロスト運転モードと、を有し、
前記制御装置は、
前記暖房デフロスト運転モード時に、前記デフロスト対象を切り替えるときの第1の凝縮温度と、前記通常暖房運転モード時から前記暖房デフロスト運転モードに切り替えるときの第2の凝縮温度を比較し、前記第1の凝縮温度が前記第2の凝縮温度よりも小さい場合に前記流量調整装置の開度を、前記通常暖房運転モードから前記暖房デフロスト運転モードへの移行時に設定された初期開度から小さくし、前記第1の凝縮温度が前記第2の凝縮温度よりも大きい場合に前記流量調整装置の開度を前記初期開度から大きくする
空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記暖房デフロスト運転モードから前記通常暖房運転モードに切り替えるとき、前記減圧装置の開度を、前記暖房デフロスト運転モードに切り替える直前の開度に変更する
請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記流量調整装置の開度をあらかじめ定めた開度下限値よりも低くならないように調整する
請求項1または2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記第1の室外熱交換器および前記第2の室外熱交換器のうち、一方の室外熱交換器は、他方の室外熱交換器の下側に配置されており、
前記制御装置は、
前記暖房デフロスト運転モード時において、下側に配置されている室外熱交換器、上側に配置されている室外熱交換器、前記下側に配置されている室外熱交換器の順に、前記デフロスト対象に設定する
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記下側に配置されている室外熱交換器が1回目に前記デフロスト対象に設定されている場合と比較して、前記下側に配置されている室外熱交換器が2回目に前記デフロスト対象に設定されている場合の前記流量調整装置の開度を小さくする
請求項4に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
前記下側に配置されている室外熱交換器が2回目に前記デフロスト対象に設定されている場合、または前記上側に配置されている室外熱交換器が前記デフロスト対象に設定されている場合と比較して、前記下側に配置されている室外熱交換器が1回目に前記デフロスト対象に設定されている場合の前記デフロスト対象に設定されている時間を短くする
請求項4または5に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記第1の室外熱交換器または前記第2の室外熱交換器に設けられ、暖房運転時の前記第1の室外熱交換器または前記第2の室外熱交換器における冷媒の蒸発圧力を検出する室外圧力センサを更に備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記通常暖房運転モードから前記暖房デフロスト運転モードに切り替わったときに、前記室外圧力センサが検出した、前記第1の室外熱交換器または前記第2の室外熱交換器の前記蒸発圧力、および前記圧縮機の駆動周波数に基づいて、前記初期開度を設定する
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記室内熱交換器に設けられ、暖房運転時の前記室内熱交換器における冷媒の凝縮圧力を検出する室内圧力センサを更に備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記室内圧力センサが検出した前記凝縮圧力を換算して、前記第1の凝縮温度および前記第2の凝縮温度を算出する
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の空気調和装置。
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| EP4303503A1 (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-10 | Carrier Corporation | Multi-compartment transport refrigeration system |
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| CN116499080A (zh) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-07-28 | 尔惬(无锡)家电研发有限公司 | 一种空调器四通阀不换向的除霜方法 |
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