WO2023160984A1 - Dispositif de maintien, extrudeuse, station d'impression et station de chauffage, et système de fabrication générative de composants - Google Patents

Dispositif de maintien, extrudeuse, station d'impression et station de chauffage, et système de fabrication générative de composants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023160984A1
WO2023160984A1 PCT/EP2023/052634 EP2023052634W WO2023160984A1 WO 2023160984 A1 WO2023160984 A1 WO 2023160984A1 EP 2023052634 W EP2023052634 W EP 2023052634W WO 2023160984 A1 WO2023160984 A1 WO 2023160984A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extruder
heating
holding
housing
station
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/052634
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manuel PÉREZ CASÁS
Original Assignee
Grunewald Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grunewald Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Grunewald Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2023160984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023160984A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/62—Arrangements for supporting spraying apparatus, e.g. suction cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
    • B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
    • B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
    • B05B9/0403—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
    • B05B9/0416—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material with pumps comprising rotating pumping parts, e.g. gear pump, centrifugal pump, screw-type pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/65—Mounting arrangements for fluid connection of the spraying apparatus or its outlets to flow conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • B22F2003/208—Warm or hot extruding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a holding device, in particular for a system for the generative production of components, preferably for a system for the three-dimensional printing of components. Furthermore, the invention relates to an extrusion device, in particular for a system for the generative production of components, preferably for a system for the three-dimensional printing of components. In addition, the invention relates to a printing station and a heating station for a system for the generative production of components, in particular for the three-dimensional printing of components, and such a system.
  • components are made of plastic using 3D printing.
  • Devices for the defined dispensing of material for example extruding devices, which have a nozzle for the defined dispensing of material at a front end, are often used for this purpose.
  • extrusion devices usually have a tubular extruder housing with an extruder screw mounted rotatably in this housing.
  • a feed device into which, for example, starting material in granular form can be introduced. This is conveyed by the extruder screw in the direction of the front end and at the same time compressed and/or heated from the outside, so that it can exit through the nozzle in a viscous aggregate state.
  • nozzles For the production of components, it may be necessary to use different nozzles, especially if the size of the exiting material or the material itself is to be varied.
  • corresponding devices for dispensing material for example extrusion devices
  • extrusion devices can be optionally attached to a printing station. Only a mechanically stable and at the same time precise attachment of an extrusion device to a printing station leads to a high-quality manufacturing process of a component.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a holding device and an extrusion device that enable a precise and at the same time stable attachment of a component, in particular an extrusion device, to a printing station or to a heating station.
  • a holding device of the type mentioned at the outset in that it has a base element which has a central receiving recess in which a component, in particular the head of an extrusion device, can be positioned, and holding elements which are arranged in the base element and between a Release position in which the holding elements are moved so far out of the receiving recess that a component can be inserted into or removed from the receiving recess and a holding position in which the holding elements protrude so far into the receiving recess that a component inserted into the receiving recess is held in a non-positive and/or positive manner, are movable.
  • This configuration is based on the idea of designing a holding device in such a way that holding elements either engage in a form-fitting manner on a component to be attached, in particular the head of an extrusion device, or fix it in a force-fitting manner.
  • the holding elements are preferably designed as balls.
  • a total of four holding elements can be provided, two of which are arranged on opposite sides of the receiving recess.
  • two holding elements can be brought into engagement in a positive and/or non-positive manner. In this way, a high level of stability against twisting of the extrusion device about its longitudinal axis is achieved, since a total of four holding elements can be brought into engagement.
  • the base member may have attachment means by which the base member can be attached or is attached to a body of a printing station or a heating station or a storage station.
  • the receiving recess formed on the base member may be open on two sides of the base member. As a result, a head of an extrusion device can be introduced into the holding device in a simple manner.
  • the base element can be essentially cuboid and the receiving recess can be open to a front side and to an adjacent side.
  • the receiving recess can be open to a side facing away from the respective base body when the base element is attached to a base body.
  • the receiving recess can have a cuboid basic shape.
  • the base element can have a positioning recess for positioning an extrusion device inserted into the receiving recess. This can be formed on a rear side of the receiving recess.
  • the forward-facing base surface of the receiving recess can form a stop surface against which a corresponding end face of a component, in particular an extruder device, can be brought into contact in order to clearly position the component together with the holding elements in the longitudinal direction.
  • the positioning recess can have a hexagonal basic shape, in which case the corners can be rounded in particular.
  • the positioning recess preferably completely penetrates the base element towards the rear in the longitudinal direction.
  • the holding device can comprise an actuating element which can be moved, in particular displaced, relative to the base element.
  • the actuating element can preferably be displaced transversely to a longitudinal direction relative to the base element.
  • a pneumatic cylinder can be provided in order to move the actuating element relative to the base element, with a housing of the pneumatic cylinder preferably being firmly connected to the base element.
  • the actuating element can be designed in several parts and can comprise a rear actuating yoke and a front support element on which the pneumatic cylinder acts.
  • the support element is preferably screwed to the actuating yoke.
  • the actuating element can be designed in a C-shape, with the two C-legs encompassing the base element and on both C-legs are each formed an inwardly projecting link guide, which cooperates with the holding elements in such a way that a movement of the actuating element is converted relative to the base element into a movement of the holding elements in the direction of the release position or in the direction of the holding position.
  • a translational movement of the actuating element transversely to the longitudinal direction is converted into a translational movement of the holding elements into or out of the receiving recess via such a link guide, which can be in direct contact with the holding elements, which are preferably spherical.
  • the link guide can specifically engage from the outside in guide slots of the base element, into which the holding elements protrude from the inside of the C-legs.
  • an extrusion device which has an opening at a front end for the defined discharge of material, with an extruder head, in particular cuboid-shaped, being provided at a rear end, on which holding recesses are formed, in which corresponding holding elements have a holding device are non-positively and / or positively engaged.
  • retaining recesses are provided on the extruder head corresponding to the retaining elements of the retaining device, which are preferably designed as balls, so that a detachable connection can be established between the retaining device and the extrusion device by engaging the retaining elements in the retaining recesses.
  • two holding recesses are provided on opposite sides of the extruder head. Due to the two opposite sides attached arranged holding recesses, in each of which a holding element can be engaged, a particularly stable and easily detachable attachment to the holding device is realized.
  • the holding recesses can be designed to be open towards the front.
  • the retaining recesses may be formed by grooves extending rearwardly into the extruder head from a front end thereof and having a circular cross-section.
  • the grooves preferably do not run continuously, but instead end in an end section within the respective side surface of the extruder head. This can preferably have a hollow contour corresponding to a segment of a sphere.
  • the spherical end portion and ball retaining elements locate the head of the extruder longitudinally and exert a rearward force on the extruder when the retaining elements are engaged in the end portion.
  • the holding recesses are preferably designed such that the extruder head is pressed with its rear end face against the rear surface of the receiving recess of the base element of the holding device when the holding elements are engaged in the corresponding holding recesses.
  • the extruder head can be braced between the end regions of the grooves and the rear surface of the receiving recess, so that a flat contact and a stable positioning in the longitudinal direction of the extruder head in the base element is realized.
  • the extrusion device can have a tubular, elongate extruder housing which defines a longitudinal axis, and an extruder screw which extends inside the extruder housing and is rotatably mounted in the extruder housing.
  • an extruder screw serves to feed material from a rear end of the extruder to the opening to promote the defined application of material.
  • the extruder screw can have a central shaft body and a spiral profile projecting outwards from this body.
  • the spiral profile can have a continuous gradient over its entire length. Alternatively, the gradient can vary over the length; in particular, sections with different gradients can be provided.
  • the diameter of the shaft body can also vary over the length, so that the distance between the shaft body and the inner wall of the extruder housing changes over the length. In particular, the distance can decrease towards the front, so that the conveyed material is compressed.
  • the extrusion device which has a tubular, elongate extruder housing that defines a longitudinal axis, and an extruder screw that extends inside the extruder housing and is rotatably mounted in the extruder housing
  • a feed device for feeding in materiali is provided in the extrusion device, which has a feed housing which protrudes radially to the longitudinal axis of the extruder housing and has a feed opening for material, which is open in particular to the rear.
  • a further housing on the extruder housing through which material can be fed from the rear.
  • the corresponding feed opening can be arranged coaxially to a corresponding opening of a printing station when the extrusion device is located at the printing station. In this way, material can be continuously fed to the extrusion device in an automated manner.
  • the feed housing can have a storage space which can be connected to the interior of the extruder body via a through-opening. connected to the housing in order to continuously feed material into the interior of the extruder housing.
  • each extrusion device can have a nozzle at a front end of the extruder housing, the nozzle being in particular detachably fastened to the extruder housing, preferably screwed into it.
  • a nozzle which is arranged at a front end of the extruder housing, can thus form the opening for the defined discharge of material.
  • the nozzle can have an annular collar whose outside diameter is in particular larger than the outside diameter of the extruder housing. This configuration is based on the consideration that such an annular collar can engage in corresponding fixing means in order to stably support the extrusion device in its front end area.
  • the extruder head can have a rear drive opening from which coupling means protrude in order to couple the extruder screw in a rotationally fixed manner to a drive of a printing station, the drive opening preferably being arranged coaxially with the axis of rotation of the extruder screw.
  • the extruder screw can also be connected directly to the coupling means in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the coupling means can be common coupling elements which can establish a connection to a drive of the printing station in a positive and/or non-positive manner. Specifically, it can be one half of a gear coupling or a claw coupling, which is preferably connected to the extruder screw in a torque-proof manner.
  • a positioning projection in particular a positioning projection with a substantially hexagonal base, can be formed on the rear of the extruder head.
  • a positioning projection can protrude from the rear end face of the extruder head and can be engaged in a corresponding recess of a holding device.
  • the extrusion device can be clearly positioned on such a holding device on the extruder head side.
  • a positioning projection with an essentially hexagonal base area, in which case the corners can in particular be rounded, and a complementary recess on a holding device also prevent incorrect attachment of the extrusion device, ie attachment twisted about the longitudinal axis.
  • recesses can be formed in the extruder housing, into which temperature sensors of the heating device(s) can be engaged. These recesses are preferably designed as radial blind holes. In a specific embodiment, a plurality of recesses can be spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a printing station for a system for the generative production of components, in particular for the three-dimensional printing of components, the printing station being designed in such a way that an extrusion device for the defined dispensing of material can be detachably attached to it, in order to generate a component generatively, the printing station having a body-held holding device as previously described.
  • the printing station can have a heating device for tempering an attached extrusion device.
  • the printing station can be moved relative to a component to be produced.
  • a component to be produced is produced on a stationary workpiece table and all relative movements are carried out by the printing station.
  • individual degrees of freedom of movement are carried out by a workpiece table or a workpiece holder and other degrees of freedom by the printing station.
  • only one workpiece table or one workpiece holder is moved relative to a stationary printing station.
  • a movable printing station can specifically be designed as a portal system. This means that the printing station can be moved along a number of translational axes.
  • the printing station can also have drive means for driving the extruder screw of an extrusion device, the drive means preferably comprising an electric motor. Furthermore, the printing station can have coupling means in order to couple the drive means to the extruder screw of an extruding device in a torque-proof manner.
  • the printing station can comprise feed means, for example in the form of a feed funnel, which are designed and suitable for continuously feeding material for producing a component to an extrusion device attached to the printing station.
  • the object on which the invention is based is achieved by a heating station for a system for the generative production of components, in particular for the three-dimensional printing of components, to which an extrusion device for the defined dispensing of material can be detachably attached, and the heating station has a heating device for heating a attached extrusion device, wherein the heating station comprises a holding device held on a base body as described above.
  • the heating device of the printing station and/or the heating device of the heating station can each comprise two heating jaws, which are held on a base body of the printing station or the heating station and can in particular be moved towards and away from each other in a translatory manner between an open position in which the heating jaws are so wide are spaced apart so that an extrusion device can be placed between the heating jaws, and a closed position in which the heating jaws enclose a longitudinally defining receiving space for an extrusion device.
  • the heating device is preferably arranged on the front side of the respective holding device.
  • the heating devices of the printing station or the heating station can be designed in such a way that two heating jaws can enclose and heat up an extrusion device arranged between them.
  • both heating jaws can be movable relative to the base body, in particular symmetrically to one another. This means that in the open position of the heater jaws an extruder can be placed between them and both heater jaws are moved towards the extruder until they reach their closed position. At the same time, the extrusion device is fixed by the heating jaws, particularly at the printing station. This rules out any movement radially to the longitudinal direction.
  • the heating device of the printing station and the heating device(s) of the heating station(s) can be configured identically or differently.
  • the receiving space is preferably designed in such a way that it completely encloses the extrusion device over a central longitudinal section in the radial direction. This means that a nozzle at a front end of a Extruder and an extruder head can protrude from the receiving space at a rear end of an extruder.
  • the receiving space preferably has an essentially circular-cylindrical basic shape.
  • the heating jaws can also have insulation so that only a small amount of heat is lost to the outside.
  • each heating jaw can carry a plurality of heating elements which are arranged in such a way that, when the heating jaws are in the closed position, they lie flat against an extrusion device arranged in the receiving space. Provision can thus be made for the heat to be transferred from the heating jaws, specifically the heating elements, through surface contact with an extrusion device, in particular an extruder housing.
  • heating elements can be arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction in each heating jaw. In this way it is achieved that heat is transferred from the heating jaws to an extrusion device over almost the entire length of an extrusion device, in particular over the area in which an extruder screw is located, preferably in the area between a feed opening and a nozzle. This enables a constant temperature or a desired temperature profile to be achieved over the length of an attached extruder.
  • the heating elements of the two heating jaws are preferably arranged in pairs opposite one another. This means that each heating element of one heating jaw is opposite a heating element in the other heating jaw in the same position in the longitudinal direction.
  • the heating elements In order to realize a flat contact with an extrusion device positioned between the heating jaws, in particular with the extruder housing, provision can be made for the heating elements to move in and out of the receiving space the receiving space are movably mounted in Walkerelementausholept the heating jaws.
  • a movable mounting means that the heating elements can lie flat on the extruder device and thus a favorable heat transfer can be achieved.
  • dimensional tolerances, such as can occur on various extrusion devices can be compensated for by such a movable bearing.
  • the heating element recesses can be designed as depressions in the heating jaws.
  • spring elements can be provided, which press the heating elements inwards into the receiving space, so that a flat contact of the heating elements with an extrusion device arranged in the receiving space is ensured.
  • the spring elements can be supported against the heating jaws, in particular the base of the heating element recesses, and against the heating elements, in particular a support body of the heating elements.
  • each heating element can have several heating segments rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis of rotation, which each have a concave heating surface facing the receiving space, which can be brought flatly into contact with an extrusion device.
  • each heating element comprises a plurality of movable heating segments, which can nestle against the outer contour of the extrusion device due to the movable mounting.
  • Each heating segment can be provided with an in particular electrically heatable heating cartridge, which is preferably inserted into a longitudinal bore of the respective heating segment.
  • Each heating segment can thus have a cavity in which a heating cartridge is inserted.
  • electrically heated Bare heating cartridges are particularly easy to adjust in terms of their temperature and output and are therefore the preferred choice.
  • each heating element can have a front and a rear mounting plate, between which the heating segments are rotatably mounted.
  • each heating element can engage with a front and a rear projection in a corresponding bearing bore of the front and rear bearing plate.
  • the bearing hole can completely penetrate the bearing plate.
  • a rotatable mounting of the heating segments is implemented in a simple manner.
  • the rear bearing plate or the front bearing plate can adjoin a feed plate in which feed slots for electrical lines to the heating cartridges are provided.
  • the feed slots preferably extend away from the receiving space, starting from the axis of rotation of the respective heating segment. In this way, electrical lines that are required to power the cartridge heaters can be routed to the cartridge heaters in a simple manner.
  • the heating elements can be limited at the front by a base plate and at the rear by a cover plate.
  • the base plate or the cover plate can rest against the edges of the heating element cutouts, so that the heating elements are positioned in the longitudinal direction in the heating element cutouts.
  • the rear bearing plate and the front bearing plate can be fixed to a support body, in particular screwed to the support body, which is inserted into the heating element recess of the respective heating jaw.
  • the supporting body can extend in the transverse direction over the extend the entire heating element and thus position the heating element in the heating element recess transversely to the longitudinal direction.
  • the supporting body can be arranged in the longitudinal direction between the front mounting plate and the rear mounting plate, with the front and the rear mounting plate preferably lying flat against the supporting body.
  • the supporting body can have a U-shaped recess in which the heating segments are arranged.
  • Springs can be arranged on the side of the support body facing away from the receiving space, via which the support body is supported against the heating element recess. As a result, a spring force is transmitted to the heating segments via the supporting body and the bearing plates, so that these are pressed with their concave heating surface against an extruding device used in order to transfer the heat to it.
  • a cooling element can be arranged in each case on a rear end region of the heating jaws, which cooling element is designed in such a way that it lies flat against the extrusion device when the heating jaws are in the closed position.
  • This configuration is based on the idea of using a cooling element in the rear end area of the heating jaws to provide thermal decoupling between the area of the extrusion device in which the material is conveyed and heated and the rear end area in which there may be coupling means, bearing means for the extruder screw and sealing means, sealing elements or the like are located.
  • a front area of the heating jaws is used as a heating area and a rear area as a cooling area. This can prevent damage to components.
  • each heating jaw can be provided with temperature sensors which protrude into the receiving space.
  • a temperature sensor can be provided in each case in the longitudinal direction between two heating elements. If the heating jaws are in their closed position and enclose an extrusion device, these temperature sensors can engage in corresponding recesses in the extrusion device, so that a direct touching measurement of the temperature of the extruder housing is possible, from which the temperature of the material inside the extruder housing can be deduced .
  • the temperature sensors can contain a resistance thermometer and/or a thermocouple.
  • fixing means can be provided at a front end of the heating jaws.
  • a fixing element can be arranged at the front end of each heating jaw, which has a semicircular recess directed inwards towards the receiving space, in which a corresponding annular collar of an extrusion device, in particular a nozzle, can be engaged in order to support an extrusion device in its front end region .
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a system for the generative production of components, in particular for the three-dimensional printing of components, with a printing station as described above and at least one heating station as previously described.
  • This embodiment is based on the idea of providing a heating station in addition to a printing station, to which an extrusion device can be attached. This allows the extrusion device to be preheated outside the printing station before the extrusion device is attached to the printing station and used to produce a component. In this way, lengthy heating-up at the printing station and thus a temporary system downtime when changing the extrusion device in the printing station can be avoided. Different extrusion devices can thus be used in a simple manner one after the other when producing a component, without long downtimes occurring when changing.
  • the system comprises at least one extrusion device as described above.
  • This refinement is based on the consideration that the system contains a plurality of extrusion devices which are provided for different materials or for dispensing material in different dimensions.
  • one of these extruders can be attached to the printing station when it is used directly to create a component.
  • a transport device can be provided in order to transport an extrusion device between the printing station and a heating station.
  • provision is made for automatically transporting an extrusion device with a corresponding transport device, for example if it is to be removed from a heating station preheated and attached to a printing station.
  • the transport device can be designed to move an extrusion device attached to it along a number of axes, in particular to move translationally in three directions and/or to rotate about an axis.
  • Such a transport device can, for example include a multi-armed robot. This can be equipped with a corresponding position and/or displacement control.
  • the system can also include at least one storage station, at which extruders that are not needed at the moment and also do not have to be heated up, ie that have to be prepared for a printing process, can be stored.
  • a storage station may include a holding device as previously described to securely hold an extrusion device.
  • control means can be provided in order to control the individual components of the system. These can include separate controls for the heating device, the transport device and the printing station, as well as possible storage stations. Furthermore, the respective components can be coupled via a common central system controller. In this way, the entire system can be monitored from a central control station. For example, the data provided by the temperature sensors of the heating devices can be monitored centrally and the corresponding heating outputs of the heating elements can be adjusted if necessary. This enables easy control of the entire system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a system for three-dimensional printing of components according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an extrusion device of the system from FIG. 1 in a perspective view
  • FIG. 3 shows the extrusion device from FIG. 2 in a longitudinal sectional view
  • FIG. 4 shows the extrusion device from FIG. 2 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 5 shows the printing station of the system from FIG. 1 with an inserted extrusion device in a perspective view
  • FIG. 6 shows the printing station from FIG. 5 without the inserted extrusion device and with the heating jaws open, in a perspective view;
  • FIG. 7 shows the printing station from FIG. 5 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of a heating station of the system from FIG. 1 with an inserted extrusion device
  • FIG. 9 shows the heating station from FIG. 8 with the heating jaws open
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective representation of a heating jaw of the heating device of the printing station or heating stations
  • FIG. 11 shows the heating jaw from FIG. 10 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 12 shows the transport device of the system from FIG. 1 with an extrusion device held thereon, in a perspective representation
  • FIG. 13 shows the transport device from FIG. 12 in a different perspective illustration
  • FIG. 14 shows the transport device from FIG. 12 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 15 shows a storage station of the system from FIG. 1 in a perspective representation
  • FIG. 16 shows the storage station from FIG. 15 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 17 shows the printing station of the system in a detailed embodiment in a perspective representation
  • FIG. 18 shows the heating jaw of the heating device of the printing station or the heating station in a detailed configuration in a perspective view
  • FIG. 19 shows the heating jaw from FIG. 18 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 20 shows the heating element of the heating device of the printing station or the heating station in a detailed configuration in a perspective view
  • FIG. 21 shows the heating element from FIG. 20 in an exploded view
  • FIG. 22 shows a holding device and an extrusion unit in a detailed configuration in a perspective representation
  • FIG. 23 shows the holding device from FIG. 22 in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a system for three-dimensional printing of components according to the present invention.
  • the system includes several Stations at which either an extruder 1 can be detachably removed.
  • the system includes a printing station 2, which is shown on the right in FIG.
  • the printing station 2 is used for the generative production of a component and is designed in such a way that, for the defined dispensing of material, an extrusion device 1 can be detachably attached to it in order to generatively produce a component.
  • the system comprises two heating stations 3 which are arranged separately from the printing station 2 and which are designed and suitable for receiving and preheating an extrusion device 1 when this is not attached to the printing station 2 .
  • an extrusion device 1 can be attached to the heating station 3 and preheated before it is attached to the printing station 2 in order to generate a component there.
  • the system also includes two storage stations 4, which are arranged to the left of the two heating stations 3 in FIG.
  • An extrusion device 1 can be detachably attached to each of the storage stations 4, in particular if the respective extrusion device 1 is not required for a longer period of time.
  • the system includes a transport device 5, by means of which an extrusion device 1 can be transported between the various stations 2, 3, 4.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 also includes a total of three extrusion devices 1 for the defined dispensing of material.
  • One of the three extrusion devices 1 is detachably attached to one of the two storage stations 1 and another extruder device 1 is detachably attached to a heating station 3 .
  • a third extrusion device 1 is detachably held on the transport device 5 .
  • the basic structure of the extrusion device 1 is shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, a detailed representation of an extrusion device can be found in FIG.
  • a nozzle 7 for dispensing material is screwed into the front end of the extruder housing 6 .
  • the extruder housing 6 has a cuboid extruder head 8 on the back.
  • the extruder device 1 also has a rotatably mounted extruder screw 9 extending inside the extruder housing 6 .
  • the extruder screw 9 has an inner shaft body 10 and a spiral profile 11 arranged on the outside of the shaft body 10.
  • the diameter of the shaft body 10 increases slightly from the rear end to the front end, whereas the depth of the spiral profile 11 decreases correspondingly.
  • the extrusion device 1 has a feed device for feeding in material.
  • the feed device comprises a feed housing 12 which protrudes radially from the extruder housing 6 with respect to the longitudinal axis X and has a feed opening 13 for material which is open to the rear.
  • the feed housing 12 forms a storage space 14 which is connected to the interior of the extruder housing 6 via a through-opening 15 so that material can be fed continuously into the interior of the extruder housing 6 .
  • the extruder screw 9 is rotatably mounted in the extruder head 8 .
  • the extruder head has a drive opening 16, from which one half 17a of a toothed coupling 17 protrudes. With this half of the gear coupling 17, the extruder screw 9 is rotatably connected.
  • a positioning projection 18 with a substantially hexagonal base area is provided on the rear of the extruder head 8 .
  • the corners of the hexagonal base are rounded.
  • the printing station 2 has a base body 19 which can be screwed laterally to a fixed bracket or to a portal system for moving the printing station 2 .
  • the printing station 2 comprises a receptacle for an extrusion device, as well as a heating device 20 for tempering an attached extrusion device 1 .
  • an extrusion device 1 is attached to the printing station 2.
  • the printing station 2 comprises feed means, in the present case in the form of a feed funnel 20, which is arranged coaxially to the feed opening 13, so that material can be fed continuously to the extruding device 1.
  • drive means are provided in order to set the extruder screw 9 of an extruder device 1 used in a rotary motion.
  • a drive motor 21 is provided, which in the present case is designed as a speed-controlled electric motor.
  • the axis of rotation of the drive motor 21 runs parallel to the longitudinal axis X of an extrusion device 1 used.
  • the drive motor 21 is on Flanged drive housing 22, which in turn is attached to the base body 19.
  • the second half of the toothed coupling 17 is rotatably mounted in the drive housing 22 coaxially to the extruder screw 9 of an extruder device 1 used.
  • the drive motor 21 and the second half 17b of the gear coupling 17 are coupled to one another in a torque-proof manner. This can be done, for example, via a belt drive or a gear train. In this way, the rotational movement of the drive motor 21 can be transmitted to the extruder screw 9 of an extruding device 1 used.
  • the basic structure of a heating station 3 is shown in FIGS.
  • the heating station 3 also has a base body 23 which can be screwed to a support or to a wall, for example.
  • the heating station 3 serves to receive and preheat an extruding device 1 as long as it is not attached to the printing station 2. In this way, a preheated extruder 1 can be removed from the heating station 3 and attached to the printing station 2 when needed there.
  • Both the printing station 2 and both heating stations 3 each have a heating device 24.
  • the heating devices 24 of the printing station 2 and the heating station 3 are of identical design in the present case.
  • Each heating device 24 comprises two heating jaws 25a, 25b, which are held on the respective base body 19 of the printing station 2 or the base body 23 of the respective heating stations 3.
  • the two heating jaws 25a, 25b can be moved towards and away from one another between an open position and a closed position.
  • the open position as shown for example in FIG. 6 and in FIG. 9, the two heating jaws 25a, 25b are so far apart that an extrusion device 1 can be placed between the two heating jaws 25a, 25b.
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b In its closed position, shown for example in Figure 8 and Figure 5 is, the heating jaws 25a, 25b enclose a receiving space for an extrusion device 1 .
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b surround the extrusion device 1 in a middle section between the extruder head 8 or the feed housing 12 and the nozzle 7.
  • Each heating jaw 25a, 25b carries a plurality of heating elements 26 which are arranged in such a way that, when the heating jaws 25a, 25b are in the closed position, they lie flat against an extrusion device 1 arranged in the receiving space.
  • a plurality of heating elements 26 are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction in each heating jaw 25a, 25b.
  • the heating elements 26 of the two heating jaws 25a, 25b are arranged in pairs opposite one another.
  • the heating elements 26 are mounted in heating element recesses 27 of the heating jaws 25a, 25b so that they can move into and out of the receiving space.
  • a cooling element 28 is arranged in each case in a rear end region of the heating jaws 25a, 25b. This is designed in such a way that it lies flat against the extrusion device 1 when the heating jaws 25a, 25b are in the closed position. In this way, when an extrusion device 1 is used, thermal decoupling takes place between a front area of the extrusion device 1 and a rear end area, in which drive elements, seals, etc. can be located.
  • Fixing means are provided at a front end of the heating jaws 25a, 25b in order to fix a front end of an extrusion device 1 in the closed position of the heating jaws 25a, 25b.
  • a fixing element 29 is attached to the heating jaw 25a, 25b.
  • this has a semicircular recess 30 directed towards the receiving space.
  • the nozzle 7 of the extrusion device 1 has a corresponding annular collar 31 which can be engaged in the recess 30 in order to support an extrusion device 1 in its front end area.
  • the specific design of the heating jaws 25a, 25b and the heating elements 26 and the cooling element 28 can be seen in FIGS. 18 to 21.
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b have a heating jaw housing 32 which is designed as a sheet metal construction.
  • a cover plate 33 is provided inward towards the receiving space.
  • the heating jaw housing 32 has a plurality of heating element recesses 27 in the longitudinal direction, in each of which a heating element 26 is inserted.
  • Each heating element 26 has five heating segments 34 mounted so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation running in the longitudinal direction. These each have a concave heating surface 35 pointing towards the receiving space, which can be brought into surface contact with an extruding device 1 .
  • Each heating segment 34 has a longitudinal bore 36 into which an electrically heatable cartridge heater 37 is inserted.
  • each heating element 26 has a front bearing plate 38 and a rear bearing plate 39, between which the heating segments 34 are rotatably mounted. Specifically, each heating element 34 engages with a front projection 40 and a rear projection 41 in the corresponding bearing bore 42 of the front and rear bearing plates 38, 39, respectively.
  • the rear storage plate 39 adjoins a feed plate 43 in which feed slots 44 for electrical lines 45 to the heating cartridges 37 run. Starting from the axis of rotation of the respective heating segment 34, the feed slots 44 extend away from the receiving space and parallel to one another.
  • Each heating element 26 is delimited at the front by a base plate 46 and at the rear by a cover plate 47 .
  • the storage plates 38, 39, the feed plate 43 and the base plate 46 and the cover plate 47 are screwed to a support body 48 with a substantially semi-circular through-hole 49. In this way, each heating element 26 forms a structural unit.
  • Springs 50 are arranged on the side of the support body 48 facing away from the receiving space, via which the support body 48 is supported against the base of the heating element recess 27 . In this way, the heating element 26 is pressed with a defined force against an extrusion device 1 inserted into the receiving space, so that a planar contact of the heating segments 34 via their heating surface 35 on the extruder housing 6 of an inserted extrusion device 1 is ensured.
  • a cooling element 28 is provided on a rear end area of each of the heating jaws 25a, 25b and has a flow channel for cooling water.
  • a sensor element 51 for measuring a temperature is arranged between the cooling element 28 and the adjacent heating element 26 and between the heating elements 26 in each case.
  • This includes a temperature sensor 52, which protrudes into the receiving space to the temperature of an inserted Extruder 1 to measure.
  • recesses designed as radial blind bores 53 are provided in the extruder housing 6 of the extruding devices 1 to accommodate the respective temperature sensor 52 .
  • Both the printing station 2 and each heating station 3 and each storage station 4 also have a holding device 54 in order to fix the rear end region, in particular the head 8, of an extruding device 1 in a detachable manner.
  • the exact structure of the holding device 54 is shown in FIGS.
  • the holding device 54 has a stationary cuboid base element 55 which has a central receiving recess 56 for the extruder head 8 of an extruder device 1 .
  • the receiving recess 56 is open on two sides of the base member 55, in this case on a front side and on an adjacent side.
  • the holding device 54 has a total of four holding elements 57 designed as balls.
  • the holding elements 57 are each arranged in pairs on opposite sides of the receiving recess 56 in the base element 55 .
  • a total of four through-holes 58 are formed in the base element 55, which extend outwards from two sides of the receiving recess 56.
  • the through bores 58 taper inwards, i.e. towards the receiving recess 56, in order to prevent the retaining elements 57, which are designed as balls, from being able to exit completely into the receiving recess 56.
  • the holding elements 57 are movable between a release position and a holding position. In their release position, the holding elements 57 are moved so far out of the receiving recess 56 that an extrusion device 1 can be inserted into the receiving recess 56 or removed from it. In the holding position, the holding elements 57 protrude so far into the Receiving recess 56 into that an extruder device 1 used in this is held in a form-fitting manner.
  • holding recesses 59 are formed on the extruder head 8 of the extruding device 1 .
  • the holding elements 57 can be positively engaged in these.
  • the holding recesses 59 are open to the front and are formed by grooves 60, which have a cross section corresponding to a segment of a circle.
  • the grooves 60 extend rearward from a front end of the extruder head 8 . They end within the respective side surface of the extruder head 8 in an end section 61 which has a hollow contour corresponding to a segment of a sphere.
  • the base element 55 of the holding device 54 has a positioning recess 62 for positioning an extrusion device 1 inserted into the receiving recess 56 .
  • this is formed on the rear side of the receiving recess 56, has an essentially hexagonal cross section and completely penetrates the base element 55 towards the rear side.
  • the positioning projection 18 of the extruding device 1 can be inserted into this positioning recess 62 .
  • the holding device 54 also includes an actuating element 63 which, in the present case, is of multi-part design and includes a rear-side actuating yoke 64 and a front-side piece element 65 .
  • the actuating yoke 64 is screwed to the support element 65 .
  • the actuating member 63 is slidable relative to the base member 55 to move the holding members 57 between their release position and their holding position.
  • the holding device also includes a pneumatic cylinder 66 which is provided to move the actuating element 63 relative to the base element 55 .
  • the piston of the pneumatic cylinder 66 is firmly connected to the base element 63 , specifically to the support element 65 .
  • the actuating element 63 is C-shaped.
  • the two C-legs 67a, 67b embrace the base element 55.
  • a link guide 68 projecting inwards is formed on each of the two C-legs 67a, 67b. This engages in corresponding guide slots 69 which pass through the through bores 58 and into which the retaining elements 57 protrude.
  • the actuating element 63 cooperates with the holding elements 57 such that a movement of the actuating element 63 relative to the base element 55 is converted into a movement of the holding elements 57 in the direction of the release position or in the direction of the holding position.
  • the corresponding bevels 70 of link guide 68 are shaped in such a way that a movement of actuating element 63 relative to base element 55 to the bottom right in Figures 22 and 23 moves holding elements 57 into their holding position, whereas a movement moves the holding elements 57 to their release positions to the top left in FIGS.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 show the basic structure of the transport device 5.
  • the transport device 5 is used to transport an extrusion device 1 between the various stations 3, 4 and the printing station 2.
  • the transport device 5 is designed to move an extruding device 1 attached to it along a number of axes. The different axes are represented by arrows in FIG.
  • an attached extrusion device 1 can be translated in all three directions; it is also provided to carry out a rotational movement about a longitudinal axis.
  • Appropriate gripping means are provided for holding the extrusion device 1 on the transport device 5 .
  • the transport device 5 has an upper gripping device 71 and a lower gripping device 72 which is attached to a base body 73 of the transport device 5.
  • the upper gripping device 71 grips the extruder device 1 on the feed housing 12
  • the lower gripping device 72 grips a middle region of the extruder housing 6 . In this way, safe transport can be realized.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 the basic structure of a storage station 4 is shown. This is used to safely store extrusion devices 1 that are not needed for a longer period of time.
  • the storage station 4 also has a base body 74 which can be screwed to the side of a support or a wall.
  • a holding device 54 in the configuration already described above is also arranged on the base body, so that an extruding device 1 that is not currently in use can be detachably attached to the storage station 4 .
  • the system also includes control means not shown in the figures. These can include, for example, a central system control and/or decentralized control units at the heating stations 3, the printing station 2 and the transport device 5.
  • the extruding device 1 to be newly attached to the printing station 2 can first be removed from the storage station 4 .
  • the transport device 5 is positioned in front of the storage station 4 so that the upper gripping device 71 and the lower gripping device 72 can grip the extrusion device 1 .
  • the holding device 54 of the storage station 4 can be activated.
  • the actuating element 63 is moved relative to the base element 55 by means of the pneumatic cylinder 66, so that the holding elements 57 are moved from their holding position to their release position via the link guide 68. In this way the extrusion device 1 can be separated from the storage station 4 .
  • the transport device 5 is then positioned in front of a heating station 3 in such a way that the holding device 54 of the heating station 3 can grip the extrusion device 1 .
  • the extruder device 1 is positioned between the heating jaws 25a, 25b, which are in their open position, so that the positioning projection 18 of the extruder head 8 is engaged in the positioning recess 62 of the base element 55.
  • the actuating element 63 of the holding device 54 of the heating station 3 is then moved relative to the base element 55 so that the holding elements 57 designed as balls are moved into their holding position and thereby engage in the holding recesses 59 of the extrusion device 1.
  • the design of the end sections 61 of the grooves 60 applies a force in the rearward direction to the extruder device 1, so that the extruder head 8 is clamped between the holding elements 57 and the base of the receiving recess 56, which forms a stop surface for the extruder head 8.
  • the upper gripping device 71 and the lower gripping device 72 of the transport device 5 are disengaged from the extruding device 1 before the transport device 5 is moved away from the heating station 3 .
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b are then moved toward one another so that they assume their closed position.
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b completely enclose the extrusion device 1 in a central longitudinal area.
  • the heating segments 34 move about their respective axis of rotation in such a way that their heating surface 35 comes into flat contact with the extruder housing 6.
  • the springs 50 press the heating segments 34 against the extruder housing 6, so that a flat contact is ensured.
  • the extrusion device 1 can now be heated to a specific operating temperature between the two heating jaws 25a, 25b.
  • the heating cartridges 37 which are located in corresponding longitudinal bores 36 of the heating segments 34, are supplied with electrical power, so that their temperature increases.
  • the cooling element 28 arranged at the rear in the heating jaws is supplied with cooling water, so that damage to the rear end area of the extruder device 1 as a result of high temperatures can be ruled out, since thermal decoupling takes place.
  • the temperature sensors 52 automatically engage in the corresponding blind bores 53 in the extruder housing 6. This allows the temperature of the extruder housing 6 and thus indirectly the temperature inside the extruder housing 6 to be detected.
  • the extruding device 1 can be removed from the heating station 3 and inserted into the printing station 2 . These are first the heating jaws 25a, 25b of their closed position to its open position, so that the upper gripping device 71 and the lower gripping device 72 of the transport device 5 can grip the extruding device 1. The holding elements 57 of the holding device 54 of the heating station 3 are then brought into their release position, as has already been described in connection with the storage station 4 .
  • the transport device 5 with the extruder device 1 attached to it can now be moved in front of the printing station 2 .
  • Extruding device 1 can now be attached to printing station 2 in the same way as described above when attaching extruding device 1 to heating station 3 . Specifically, this means that first the holding elements 57 of the holding device 54 of the printing station 2 are brought into their holding position, so that the extruding device 1 is already held at the printing station 2 at its rear end.
  • the upper gripping device 71 and the lower gripping device 72 of the transport device 5 are released before the transport device 5 is moved away from the printing station 2 .
  • the heating jaws 25a, 25b of the heating device of the printing station 2 can be brought into their closed position, so that the heating surfaces 35 come into contact with the extruder housing 6 in the same manner as already described.
  • the annular collar 31 of the nozzle 7 simultaneously comes into engagement with recesses 30 of the two fixing elements 29. In this way, the extruding device 1 is also supported at the front end.
  • the cooling element 28 leads to a thermal decoupling of the rear end area of the extruder device 1.
  • the system according to the invention shown can significantly reduce downtimes when changing the extrusion device 1 in the printing station 2, since the extrusion device 1 is already heated to its operating temperature in the heating station 3 before it is attached to the printing station 2, so that time-consuming heating in the Printing station 2 is omitted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif de maintien (54), en particulier pour un système de fabrication générative de composants, de préférence pour un système d'impression 3D de composants, comprend un élément de base (55) qui présente un évidement de réception central (65) dans lequel un élément, en particulier la tête d'une extrudeuse (1), peut être positionné, et des éléments de maintien (57) disposés dans l'élément de base (55). Les éléments de maintien peuvent être déplacés entre une position de libération, dans laquelle les éléments de maintien sont déplacés hors de l'évidement de réception (56) de telle sorte qu'un élément peut être inséré dans l'évidement de réception (56) ou peut être retiré de celui-ci, et une position de maintien, dans laquelle les éléments de maintien (57) font saillie dans l'évidement de réception (56) de telle sorte qu'un élément inséré dans l'évidement de réception (56) est maintenu par force et/ou par complémentarité de forme.
PCT/EP2023/052634 2022-02-25 2023-02-03 Dispositif de maintien, extrudeuse, station d'impression et station de chauffage, et système de fabrication générative de composants WO2023160984A1 (fr)

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DE202022101080.3 2022-02-25
DE202022101080.3U DE202022101080U1 (de) 2022-02-25 2022-02-25 Halteeinrichtung, Extrudiervorrichtung, Druckstation und Heizstation, sowie System zum generativen Erzeugen von Bauteilen

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WO2016035057A1 (fr) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Navitracer Polska Sp. Z O.O. Extrémité chaude d'impression tridimensionnelle et procédé de montage d'une telle extrémité chaude
KR20170015442A (ko) * 2017-01-31 2017-02-08 전남대학교산학협력단 압출기 일체형 프린트 헤드를 구비하는 다축 3d 프린터
KR101776904B1 (ko) * 2017-07-10 2017-09-08 주식회사 팀사이언스 노즐 교체형 3d프린터용 헤드 결합체

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