WO2023155554A1 - 一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管 - Google Patents

一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管 Download PDF

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WO2023155554A1
WO2023155554A1 PCT/CN2022/137245 CN2022137245W WO2023155554A1 WO 2023155554 A1 WO2023155554 A1 WO 2023155554A1 CN 2022137245 W CN2022137245 W CN 2022137245W WO 2023155554 A1 WO2023155554 A1 WO 2023155554A1
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carbon atoms
conductive polymer
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梁文林
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Tcl科技集团股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80Constructional details
    • H10K50/805Electrodes
    • H10K50/82Cathodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a conductive polymer, a preparation method, and a light emitting diode.
  • the cathode of a light-emitting diode (Light-Emitting Diode, LED) display device is often made of a metal element or a metal alloy to make a thin metal electrode layer.
  • a metal element or a metal alloy For example, aluminum electrodes, silver electrodes, copper electrodes or gold electrodes, etc. These simple metals or metal alloys need to be formed by vapor deposition.
  • the evaporation method is to deposit the above-mentioned metal thin layer by vacuum thermal deposition evaporation, thereby forming a thin metal electrode layer. Forming electrodes by vapor deposition is costly and time-consuming.
  • metal simple substances that are easily oxidized such as aluminum electrodes or copper electrodes, etc.
  • these metal simple substances are prone to oxidation during evaporation, which will affect the performance of light-emitting diode display devices. stability.
  • metal simple substances such as gold electrodes, etc.
  • the interface with the semiconductor forms a Schottky barrier, which hinders electron transport and degrades the performance of the display device.
  • the present application provides a conductive polymer, a preparation method, and a light emitting diode.
  • R 0 does not exist or is
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogen, hydroxyl group, nitro group, amino group, aldehyde group, ester group , One of the cyano groups.
  • R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from one of an alkyl group with 8-14 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group with 8-14 carbon atoms
  • R 5 is selected from a carbon-carbon single bond, a carbon number of Alkanyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy group with 1-20 carbon atoms, alkylthio group with 1-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted benzene
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon group, non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, ester group, substituted or unsubstituted amido group with 2-20 carbon atoms, amine group, carboxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom number is One or more of 2-20 alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups with 2-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted epoxy compounds.
  • n is an integer in 50-100.
  • the molecular weight range of the conductive polymer may be 50,000-100,000, 55,000-95,000, 60,000-90,000, or 70,000-80,000.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer is as shown in one of formula II and formula III:
  • R 5 is selected from chain alkyl groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, and 1-20 carbon atoms.
  • R 5 is not a carbon-carbon single bond.
  • the ester group includes a boronic acid pinacol ester group.
  • any substituent in R is independently selected from alkenyl, alkyl with 8-25 carbon atoms, halogen, ester group, hydroxyl, carboxyl, nitro , methoxy, amino, cyano, aldehyde in one.
  • the non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group includes methyl propiolate or propiolic acid.
  • the heterocycle in the heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from one or more of thiophene, lactam, diketopyrrole, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, and quinoline.
  • the application provides a preparation method of a conductive polymer, the preparation method comprising:
  • R 0 does not exist or is
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from hydrogen atom, alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms, alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms, halogen, hydroxyl group, nitro group, amino group, aldehyde group, ester group , one of the cyano groups; R 1 and R 2 are the same or different.
  • the main function of R1 or R2 is to adjust the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and increase the charge transport ability.
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl groups with 8-14 carbon atoms and alkoxy groups with 8-14 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 are the same or different; R 3 and R 4 and the carbons connected to them
  • the main role of the five-membered ring is to increase solubility, planar spreading, and increase charge transport capacity.
  • R is selected from carbon-carbon single bond, chain alkyl group with 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy group with 1-20 carbon atoms, 1 carbon atom -20 alkylthio group, substituted or unsubstituted benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group, non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, ester group, substituted or unsubstituted amido group with 2-20 carbon atoms, amine
  • n is an integer in 50-100.
  • the structural formula of the monomer compound is as shown in formula V:
  • R is selected from chain alkyl groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, and alkoxy groups with 1-20 carbon atoms.
  • Chain alkyl groups include straight chain alkyl groups and branched chain alkyl groups.
  • the linker may include a series connection between the above-mentioned groups, and may also include a parallel connection between benzene aromatic hydrocarbon groups, heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and/or epoxy compounds.
  • the main role of R 5 is to increase solubility, planar spread and increase charge transport ability. In formula VI and formula III, R 5 is not a carbon-carbon single bond.
  • n is an integer in 50-100.
  • the organic solvent is toluene.
  • the catalyst is (i-PrNDI)Ni 2 (C 6 H 6 ).
  • the temperature of the polymerization reaction is 20-28°C.
  • the polymerization reaction time is 1.5-3 hours;
  • the above separation step includes: adding a precipitant to the polymerization reaction product to collect the precipitated product; after washing, purification and drying, the conductive polymer is obtained.
  • the above process can also be carried out under an inert environment,
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a light-emitting diode, including: an anode, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode that are sequentially stacked, and the material of the cathode includes the conductive polymer in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive compound selected from one or more of naphthyl lithium and naphthyl sodium.
  • the molar content of the conductive compound accounts for 10-20 mol% of the molar content of the conductive polymer.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive material selected from one or more of metal powder, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the weight of the conductive polymer accounts for 30-70 wt% of the total weight of the conductive polymer and the conductive material.
  • the metal powder is selected from one or more of silver powder, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, and lithium powder.
  • the particle size of the metal powder is 700 nm ⁇ 5 ⁇ m.
  • the light emitting diode further includes: a hole injection layer.
  • the hole injection layer is arranged between the anode and the light emitting layer.
  • the hole injection layer may be disposed between the hole transport layer and the anode.
  • the light emitting diode further includes a hole transport layer.
  • the hole transport layer is located between the hole injection layer and the light emitting layer.
  • the hole injection layer may be disposed between the hole transport layer and the anode.
  • the material of the hole transport layer is selected from poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine ), WO 3 , NiO, V 2 O 5 , CuO, p-type gallium nitride, CrO 3 , N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-benzidine, N,N '-Di(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, poly(N-vinylcarbazole), 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolyl-biphenyl, One or more of spiro-TPD and spiro-NPB.
  • the material of the hole injection layer includes poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate, copper phthalocyanine, oxytitanium phthalocyanine, 4,4',4'-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine,4,4',4'-tris[2-naphthylphenylamino]triphenylamine, MoO 3 one or more of .
  • the light emitting diode further includes: an electron transport layer.
  • An electron transport layer may be provided between the cathode and the light emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer includes ZnO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , SrTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , MgTiO 3 , Alq 3 , Almq 3 , DVPBi, TAZ, OXD One or more of , PBD, BND, PV.
  • the material of the anode includes one or more of ITO, IZO, FTO, ATO, AZO, Au, Pt, and Si.
  • the light-emitting layer is a quantum dot light-emitting layer
  • the quantum dot materials of the quantum dot light-emitting layer include silicon quantum dots, germanium quantum dots, cadmium sulfide quantum dots, cadmium selenide quantum dots, tellurium quantum dots, etc.
  • the size of the quantum dots in the quantum dot light emitting layer is 1-12 nm.
  • the surface ligands of the quantum dots in the quantum dot light-emitting layer include thioglycolic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptobutyric acid, and mercaptooleic acid.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the positive quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Example 5 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in Example 2 of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode provided in Example 3 of the present application.
  • Substrate substrate 110 anode 120 ; hole injection layer 130 ; hole transport layer 140 ; quantum dot light emitting layer 150 ; electron transport layer 160 ; cathode 170 .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a photoelectric device and a preparation method thereof. Each will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the description sequence of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the preferred sequence of the embodiments. In addition, in the description of the present application, the term “including” means “including but not limited to”.
  • expressions such as “one or more” refer to one or more of the listed items, and “multiple” refers to any combination of two or more of these items, including single items (species) ) or any combination of plural items (species), for example, "at least one (species) of a, b, or c" or "at least one (species) of a, b, and c" can mean: a ,b,c,a-b (that is, a and b),a-c,b-c, or a-b-c, where a,b,c can be single or multiple.
  • the present application provides a conductive polymer, which has excellent conductive properties and can be used as an electrode of a light-emitting diode, such as a cathode of a quantum dot light emitting diode (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, QLED).
  • a light-emitting diode such as a cathode of a quantum dot light emitting diode (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, QLED).
  • R 0 does not exist or is
  • R 1 or R 2 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group with an integer of 1-4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group with an integer of 1-4 carbon atoms, a halogen group, a hydroxyl group ( One of -OH), nitro (-NO 2 ), amino (-NH 2 ), aldehyde (-CHO), ester, cyano (-CN).
  • R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different.
  • the main function of R 1 and R 2 is to adjust the energy levels of HOMO and LUMO and improve the charge transport capability. Therefore, the number of carbon atoms in R 1 and R 2 should not be too large, otherwise it will affect the adjustment of the energy levels of HOMO and LUMO.
  • alkyl may represent straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic alkyl.
  • An alkyl group with 1-4 carbon atoms refers to an alkyl group containing 1-4 carbon atoms, and each occurrence can be independently C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl. The other numbers are the same.
  • alkoxy may represent straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy.
  • An alkoxy group with 1-4 carbon atoms refers to an alkoxy group containing 1-4 carbon atoms, each time it appears, it can be independently C 1 alkoxy, C 2 alkoxy, C 3 alkoxy Oxygen, C 4 alkoxy. The other numbers are the same.
  • alkylthio may represent straight-chain or branched-chain alkylthio.
  • the alkylthio group with 1-20 carbon atoms refers to an alkylthio group containing 1-20 carbon atoms, each time it appears, it can be independently C1 alkylthio, C2 alkylthio, C3 alkane Thio, C 4 alkylthio, C 5 alkylthio, C 6 alkylthio, C 7 alkylthio, C 8 alkylthio, C 9 alkylthio, C 10 alkylthio , C 11 alkylthio , C 12 alkylthio, C 13 alkylthio, C 14 alkylthio, C 15 alkylthio, C 16 alkylthio, C 17 alkylthio, C 18 alkylthio, C 19 alkylthio, C 20 Alkylthio.
  • Other groups are treated in the same way.
  • the general formula of the alkyl group (-R) whose carbon number is an integer from 1 to 4 is C m H 2m+1 , m is an integer in 1-4, and R represents a hydrocarbon chain or a hydrocarbon ring.
  • the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl.
  • Propyl includes chain propyl and cyclic propyl.
  • Butyl includes chain butyl and cyclic butyl. Chain butyl can also include n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl.
  • the alkoxy group (RO-) whose carbon number is an integer of 1-4 includes methoxy group (CH 3 O- , also known as MeO), ethoxy (C 2 H 5 O-), propoxy (C 3 H 7 O-), butoxy (C 4 H 9 O-), etc.
  • Alkoxy groups with a relatively small number of carbon atoms generally have electron-withdrawing properties and can be used to adjust the HOMO and LUMO energy levels.
  • the halogen group in the R 1 or R 2 group, includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
  • the halogen group is a group VII element, which tends to obtain an electron to form a stable structure of 8 electrons, and usually exhibits electron-withdrawing characteristics, so it can also be used to adjust the HOMO and LUMO energy levels.
  • the ester group (-COOR) in the R 1 or R 2 group, may be a boronic acid pinacol ester group or the like.
  • R 3 or R 4 are independently selected from an alkyl group with an integer of 8-14 carbon atoms, an alkane with an integer of 8-14 carbon atoms One of the oxygen.
  • the alkyl group with an integer of 8-14 carbon atoms includes octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl , dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl.
  • the alkyl group in the R 3 or R 4 group is a chain alkyl or a cyclic alkyl.
  • an alkoxy group with an integer of 8-14 carbon atoms includes octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, One of undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy, tetradecyloxy.
  • n may be an integer of 50-100, or an integer of 60-90, or an integer of 65-85, or It is an integer in 70-80.
  • R is selected from a carbon-carbon single bond, an alkyl group with an integer number of 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group with an integer number of 3-20 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group with an integer number of 1-20 carbon atoms.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer is shown in Formula II:
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer is as shown in formula III:
  • R 5 is selected from chain alkyl groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups with 1-20 carbon atoms, and 1-20 carbon atoms.
  • -20 alkylthio group substituted or unsubstituted benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group, non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, ester group, substituted or unsubstituted amido group with 2-20 carbon atoms, amine
  • R 5 in formula III is not a carbon-carbon single bond.
  • n 80.
  • n 60.
  • n 50.
  • n 50.
  • n 55; R 1 is boronic acid pinacol ester group, R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
  • n 60.
  • the application provides a preparation method of a conductive polymer of formula II, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 groups and the value of n can be found in the above-mentioned examples.
  • the organic solvent is toluene.
  • the catalyst is (i-PrNDI)Ni 2 (C 6 H 6 ).
  • the catalyst is added in excess.
  • the addition amount of the monomer compound is 0.1 mmol-0.25 mmol, and the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.09 ⁇ mol-0.22 ⁇ mol.
  • the catalyst is dissolved in the solvent as a solute to form a catalyst solution, and the mole fraction of the catalyst in the catalyst solution is 2% to 3%.
  • the temperature of the polymerization reaction is room temperature, that is, no heating or cooling process is required. During the course of the polymerization reaction, uninterrupted stirring is required so that the polymerization reaction can proceed at a uniform speed, thereby producing polymers with relatively uniform molecular weights.
  • the polymerization reaction is performed in an inert atmosphere.
  • the inert atmosphere may be nitrogen.
  • the polymerization reaction time is 1.5h-3h.
  • the separation of the polymerization reaction product includes: adding a precipitating agent to the polymerization reaction product to collect the precipitated product; cleaning, purifying and drying the precipitated product to obtain a conductive polymer.
  • the precipitation agent may be methanol.
  • methanol, hexane (Hexane, also known as hexane) and chloroform are used for cleaning in sequence.
  • the first two rounds of cleaning are directly cleaned, and the third round of cleaning is ultrasonic cleaning in chloroform.
  • chlorobenzene is used for the above purification.
  • vacuum drying is used for drying.
  • the conductive polymer in the embodiments of the present application is prepared by a solution method and using a metal catalyst, and its source of material is simple and easy to obtain. Compared with metal electrode materials, the conductive polymer does not need to form electrodes by evaporation method, and does not need expensive electrode preparation equipment.
  • the conductive polymer can be used to prepare electrodes by inkjet printing method or spin coating method, and can be made at the same place as other functional layers of light-emitting diodes, without changing places or manufacturing equipment in the middle, so the electrode preparation process is time-consuming.
  • the conductive polymers in this application can also be used for rigid display screens and flexible display screens, and have wide applications.
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a light-emitting diode, which includes: an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode.
  • the material of the cathode may include the conductive polymer in the various embodiments described above.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive compound doped into the conductive polymer.
  • the conductive compound is selected from one or more of naphthyl lithium and naphthyl sodium. Conductive compounds are used to further increase the conductivity of LED cathode materials.
  • the doping amount of the conductive compound may account for 10mol%-20mol%, or 12mol%-18mol%, or 14mol%-17mol%, or 15mol%-16mol% of the conductive polymer.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive material mixed with a conductive polymer.
  • the conductive material is selected from one or more of metal powder, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the weight of the conductive polymer may account for 30wt% to 70wt%, or 40wt% to 60wt%, or 50wt% of the total weight of the conductive polymer and the conductive material. ⁇ 55 wt%.
  • the metal powder may be selected from one or more of silver powder, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, and lithium powder.
  • the particle size of the metal powder can be selected from any one of 700nm-5 ⁇ m, and can also be 800nm-3 ⁇ m, or 900nm-2 ⁇ m, or 950nm-1 ⁇ m.
  • the light-emitting diode may also include: a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer, and a hole injection layer disposed between the hole injection layer and the light-emitting layer. between the hole transport layers.
  • the material of the hole transport layer is selected from poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4-butylphenyl)-diphenylamine) (TFB), WO3, NiO, V2O5, CuO, p-type gallium nitride, CrO3, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-benzidine (TPD), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl) -N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolyl-biphenyl (CBP), spiro - one or more of TPD (Spiro-TPD), spiro-NPB (Spiro-NPB).
  • TPD poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorene-co-N-(4
  • Materials for the hole injection layer include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), oxytitanium phthalocyanine (TiOPc), 4,4',4 '-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4'-tris[2-naphthylphenylamino]triphenylamine ( 2-TNATA), one or more of MoO 3 .
  • PEDOT:PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrene sulfonate
  • CuPc copper phthalocyanine
  • TiOPc oxytitanium phthalocyanine
  • 2-TNATA 4,4',4'-tris[2-naphthylphenylamino]triphenylamine
  • the light-emitting diode may further include: an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer includes one of ZnO, TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , HfO 2 , SrTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , MgTiO 3 , Alq 3 , Almq 3 , DVPBi, TAZ, OXD, PBD, BND, PV one or more species.
  • the material of the anode includes one or more of ITO, IZO, FTO, ATO, AZO, Au, Pt, and Si.
  • the thickness of the anode in the light emitting diode may be 10nm-1000nm, or 40nm-400nm, or 100nm-200nm.
  • the thickness of the hole injection layer may be 20-30 nm, and may also be 25-28 nm.
  • the thickness of the hole transport layer may be 30-40 nm, and may also be 34-37 nm.
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer may be 15-25 nm, and may also be 20-22 nm.
  • the thickness of the electron transport layer may be 10-180 nm, and may also be 40-60 nm.
  • the thickness of the cathode may be 60-120 nm.
  • the light emitting layer is a quantum dot light emitting layer.
  • the quantum dot material of the quantum dot light-emitting layer includes silicon quantum dots, germanium quantum dots, cadmium sulfide quantum dots, cadmium selenide quantum dots, cadmium telluride quantum dots, zinc selenide quantum dots, One or more of quantum dots, lead sulfide quantum dots, lead selenide quantum dots, indium phosphide quantum dots, indium arsenide quantum dots, and gallium nitride quantum dots.
  • the size of the quantum dots in the quantum dot light-emitting layer is 1 nm ⁇ 12 nm.
  • the surface ligands of the quantum dots in the quantum dot light-emitting layer include mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptobutyric acid, and mercaptooleic acid.
  • the ligands on the surface of the quantum dot material are preferably mercaptoacetic acid, mercaptopropionic acid, mercaptobutyric acid, and mercaptooleic acid.
  • the positively charged amino group at one end of the agent can generate electrostatic force with the negatively charged carboxylic acid group on the surface of the quantum dot layer to realize electrostatic self-assembly, which is conducive to improving the film quality of quantum dots, thereby improving the performance and stability of QLED devices sex.
  • R 6 or R 7 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group with an integer of 1-4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group with an integer of 1-4 carbon atoms, a halogen group, a hydroxyl group One of (-OH), nitro (-NO 2 ), amino (-NH 2 ), aldehyde (-CHO), ester, cyano (-CN).
  • R is selected from an alkyl group having any integer number of 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having an integer number of 3-20 carbon atoms, and an alkane group having an integer number of 1-20 carbon atoms.
  • n is an integer in 50-100.
  • the alkyl group having an integer number of carbon atoms from 1 to 4 includes methyl, ethyl, propyl and the like.
  • the heterocycle in the substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is selected from thiophene, lactam, diketopyrrole (DPP), thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoline one or more of.
  • DPP diketopyrrole
  • the substituents of each group substituted in R are independently selected from alkenyl, an alkyl group having an integer of 8-25 carbon atoms, halogen, ester group, hydroxyl group, One or more of carboxyl, nitro, alkoxy with an integer of 8-25 carbon atoms, amino, cyano, and aldehyde.
  • Alkyl includes one of straight chain alkyl and branched chain alkyl.
  • the alkoxy group includes one of a straight-chain alkoxy group and a branched-chain alkoxy group.
  • the non-benzene aromatic hydrocarbon group includes methyl propiolate or propiolic acid.
  • n 85;
  • R 5 is a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is a linking group formed by a thiophene ring and a substituted diketopyrrole in series, and the substituent on the N atom of the diketopyrrole is a branched alkyl group.
  • n 74;
  • R 5 is a substituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, that is, a thiophene ring substituted by an ester group.
  • n 86;
  • R 5 is a linking group formed by parallel connection of a thiophene ring and a substituted epoxy compound, and the substituent of the epoxy compound is an ether group.
  • n 80; R 5 includes a lactam ring and belongs to substituted heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the conductive polymer is used as an electrode of a light-emitting diode, its energy level matching with the inorganic semiconductor in the electron transport layer is higher, and it is easier to carry out n-type doping, and n-type doping is electron-rich doping, so Electron injection is easier, resulting in lower voltage drop across the electrode and better conductivity.
  • the application provides a preparation method of a conductive polymer of formula III, the preparation method comprising:
  • the polymerization reaction product is separated to obtain a conductive polymer.
  • the conductive polymers in various embodiments of the present application are formed through cross-linking reactions, have excellent film-forming properties, and have low surface roughness, so light emission is not affected.
  • the preparation method of the conductive polymer is simple, and it is prepared by an inkjet printing method or a spin coating method, without needing expensive vacuum deposition equipment like metal electrodes.
  • the conductive polymer in each embodiment of the present application when used to form the electrode layer of a light-emitting diode, it can be prepared in the same place with other functional layers using unified manufacturing equipment, without the need to replace different layers like metal electrodes. Manufacturing equipment and replacement of different manufacturing sites.
  • the conductive polymers in this application belong to organic polymers with stable properties and are not easily oxidized like metal electrodes, so they are stable in storage, and even if they are attacked by water and oxygen due to electrode damage, they are more sensitive to water and oxygen attacks. Low, so the performance of the electrode will not be significantly reduced.
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a light-emitting diode, including: an anode, a cathode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the material of the cathode includes the above-mentioned conductive polymer.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive compound doped into the conductive polymer.
  • the conductive compound is selected from one or more of naphthyl lithium and naphthyl sodium.
  • the doping amount of the conductive compound accounts for 10mol%-20mol% of the conductive polymer.
  • the material of the cathode further includes: a conductive material mixed with a conductive polymer.
  • the conductive material is selected from one or more of metal powder, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the weight of the conductive polymer may account for 30wt%-70wt% of the total weight of the conductive polymer and the conductive material.
  • the conductive polymer provided by the above embodiments of the present application contains nitrogen-nitrogen double bonds, aromatic rings, and heterocyclic rings in its molecule, so it has a large ⁇ -electron conjugated system, which provides the conditions required for delocalized migration of free electrons.
  • the gap between the bonding and antibonding energy bands in this conjugated system is small, close to the conduction-valence band gap of inorganic semiconductors.
  • the conductive polymers in various embodiments of the present application can serve as electrodes of light emitting diodes.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a positive quantum dot light-emitting diode, including a substrate 110, an anode 120, a hole injection layer 130, a hole transport layer 140, a quantum dot light-emitting layer 150, electron transport layer 160 and cathode 170 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a method for preparing a positive quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • the cathode 170 can be prepared by inkjet printing method or spin coating method, instead of using evaporation method like metal electrodes.
  • the material of the cathode 170 is the conductive polymer, electrode material, or composite electrode material in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode, including a substrate substrate 110, a cathode 170, an electron transport layer 160, a quantum dot light-emitting layer 150, a hole transport layer 140, and a hole layer stacked in sequence. injection layer 130 and anode 120 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a preparation method of an inverted quantum dot light-emitting diode, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
  • the cathode 170 can be prepared by inkjet printing method or spin coating method, instead of using vapor deposition method like metal electrodes.
  • the material of the cathode 170 is the conductive polymer, electrode material, or composite electrode material in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application.
  • This embodiment provides a conductive polymer and a preparation method thereof.
  • the preparation method of the conductive polymer in the present embodiment comprises the steps:
  • the precipitated product was ultrasonically cleaned with methanol, hexane, and chloroform, then purified and extracted with chlorobenzene, and then vacuum-dried and separated to obtain a solid conductive polymer (also known as a cross-linked compound).
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer is shown in Formula I, and its n value is 80, that is, polymer 1.
  • the reaction process is shown in the following formula:
  • the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • S115 Deposit a 100 nm cathode on the electron transport layer by using a conductive polymer solution with a concentration of 40 mg/ml.
  • the solvent of the conductive polymer solution is methanol, and package to obtain a quantum dot light-emitting diode.
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer as the material of the cathode, and is manufactured by a solution method.
  • the conductive polymer in this embodiment is the conductive polymer provided in Example 1.
  • this embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • S125 Deposit a 100nm cathode on the electron transport layer by using a mixed solution of conductive polymer and graphene with a concentration of 40 mg/ml.
  • the solvent of the conductive polymer solution is methanol, and encapsulate to obtain a quantum dot light-emitting diode.
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer and graphene as cathode materials, and is made by solution method.
  • the mass ratio of conductive polymer and graphene is 3:1.
  • the conductive polymer in this embodiment is the conductive polymer provided in Example 1.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer as the material of the cathode, and is manufactured by a solution method.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer of the present embodiment is as follows:
  • n 50.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • S145 Deposit a 100 nm cathode on the electron transport layer by using a conductive polymer solution with a concentration of 40 mg/ml.
  • the solvent of the conductive polymer solution is methanol, and encapsulate to obtain a quantum dot light-emitting diode.
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer as the material of the cathode, and is manufactured by a solution method.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer of the present embodiment is as follows:
  • n 85.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer as the material of the cathode, and is manufactured by a solution method.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer of the present embodiment is as follows:
  • n 74.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a quantum dot light-emitting diode, which includes the following steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB hole transporting layer
  • S165 Deposit a 100 nm cathode on the electron transport layer by using a conductive polymer solution with a concentration of 40 mg/ml.
  • the solvent of the conductive polymer solution is methanol, and package to obtain a quantum dot light-emitting diode.
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses conductive polymer as the material of the cathode, and is manufactured by a solution method.
  • the structural formula of the conductive polymer of the present embodiment is as follows:
  • n 80.
  • This comparative example provides a kind of preparation method of quantum dot light-emitting diode, and it comprises the steps:
  • HIL hole injection layer
  • TFB 20nm hole transport layer
  • the quantum dot light-emitting diode in this embodiment uses Au as the cathode material and is formed by vapor deposition.
  • table 1 is the device performance test result table of the quantum dot light-emitting diodes of the embodiment and the comparative example .
  • Comparing Example 2 and Comparative Example can be obtained, because the conductivity of the pure conductive polymer is an order of magnitude lower than the Au of the comparative example, therefore, the electron transport rate of the pure conductive polymer is lower than the Au of the comparative example, therefore, the unit The internal and external quantum efficiency is lower than that of the comparative example. Because the HOMO level of the electron transport layer (inorganic oxide ZnO) ranges from -3.8ev to -4.0ev, electrons can easily transition into the electron transport layer in the conductive polymer (in -4.0 to -4.21eV) , therefore, the injected turn-on voltage is lower than that of the comparative example.
  • the electron transport layer inorganic oxide ZnO
  • the surface roughness of electrodes made of conductive polymers is superior to that of vapor-deposited metal electrodes (Au), because the vapor-deposited surface may have a grainy feel.
  • the work function of the conductive polymer electrode is lower than that of the evaporated metal electrode, and the cathode needs a lower work function. Therefore, the conductive polymer electrode is more suitable as the cathode than the evaporated metal electrode.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管。该导电聚合物通过N=N双键偶联以及与侧链基团进行键合,比金属电极有更小的HOMO-LUMO能级,能更好地匹配含有无机氧化物半导体的电子传输层,降低显示装置的注入电压,改善电荷传输能力,成膜性能高,表面粗糙度低,对发光二极管的出光性能没有不利的影响。

Description

一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管
本申请要求于2022年02月16日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202210141722.3、申请名称为“一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管和显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域,具体涉及一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管。
背景技术
发光二极管(Light-Emitting Diode,LED)显示器件的阴极常采用金属单质或金属合金制成金属电极薄层。例如,铝电极、银电极、铜电极或金电极等。这些金属单质或金属合金需要使用蒸镀法形成。蒸镀法是通过真空热沉积蒸发来沉积上述金属薄层,从而形成金属电极薄层。通过蒸镀法形成电极的成本高,耗时长。另外,如果采用易被氧化的金属单质(如铝电极或铜电极等)来形成电极,由于蒸镀的温度较高,这些金属单质容易在蒸镀时发生氧化,从而会影响发光二极管显示器件的稳定性。此外,如果采用不易被氧化的金属单质(如金电极等)来形成电极,由于这些金属单质的功函数较高,与具有较低的功函数的用于传输电子的半导体相接触时,在金属与半导体的接触面会形成肖特基势垒,这会阻碍电子传输,并且降低显示器件的性能。
技术解决方案
因此,本申请提供一种导电聚合物及制备方法、发光二极管。
本申请提供一种导电聚合物,该导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000002
其中,R 0为不存在或者为
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000003
R 1、R 2分别独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氨基、醛基、酯基、氰基中的一种。
R 3、R 4分别独立地选自碳原子数为8-14的烷基、碳原子数为8-14的烷氧基中的一种,R 5选自碳碳单键、碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。
n为50-100中的一个整数。导电聚合物的分子量范围可以为50000-100000,也可以为55000-95000,还可以为60000-90000,又可以为70000-80000。分子量的范围不能太小,否则N=N与苯环的共轭作用不强,导电性能可能不佳。分子量的范围也不能太大,否则交联程度太高,也会破坏N=N结构,从而导致导电性能下降,不能用作电极材料。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ、式Ⅲ中的一种所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000005
式Ⅱ或式Ⅲ中各个基团的种类如上所示。在式Ⅲ中,R 5选自碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。在式Ⅲ中,R 5并非碳碳单键。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,酯基包括硼酸频那醇酯基。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 5中的任一取代基独立地选自烯基、碳原子数为8-25的烷基、卤素、酯基、羟基、羧基、硝基、甲氧基、氨基、氰基、醛基中的一种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,非苯芳香烃基包括丙炔酸甲酯或丙炔酸。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,杂环芳烃中的杂环选自噻吩、内酰胺、二酮吡咯、噻唑、吡啶、嘧啶、哒嗪、喹啉中的一种或多种。
本申请提供了一种导电聚合物的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
将单体化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂进行聚合反应,得到聚合反应产物;
对聚合反应产物进行分离,得到导电聚合物;
其中,单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅳ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000006
导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000007
其中,R 0为不存在或者为
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000008
R 1、R 2分别独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氨基、醛基、酯基、氰基中的一种;R 1与R 2相同或不同。R 1或R 2的主要作用是调节HOMO和LUMO能级,增加电荷传输能力。
R 3、R 4独立地选自碳原子数为8-14的烷基、碳原子数为8-14的烷氧基;R 3与R 4相同或不同;R 3与R 4以及与其相连碳五元环的主要作用是增加溶解性、平面铺展性和增加电荷传输能力。
R 5选自碳碳单键、碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。
n为50-100中的一个整数。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅴ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000009
对应的导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000010
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅵ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000011
对应的导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000012
其中,R 5选自碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香 烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。链烷基包括直链烷基和支链烷基。连接物可以包括上述基团之间的串联,也可以包括苯芳香烃基、杂环芳烃和/或环氧化合物之间的并联。R 5的主要作用是增加溶解性、平面铺展性和增加电荷传输能力。在式Ⅵ和式Ⅲ中,R 5并非碳碳单键。
n为50-100中的一个整数。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,有机溶剂为甲苯。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,催化剂为(i-PrNDI)Ni 2(C 6H 6)。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,聚合反应的温度为20~28℃。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,聚合反应的时间为1.5~3h;
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,上述的分离步骤包括:在聚合反应产物中加入沉淀剂,收集沉淀产物;清洗、提纯和干燥后,得到导电聚合物。上述过程也可以在惰性环境下进行,
本申请的一些实施例还提供了一种发光二极管,包括:依次层叠设置的阳极、发光层以及阴极,该阴极的材料包括上述实施例中的导电聚合物。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:导电化合物,导电化合物选自萘基锂、萘基钠中的一种或多种。
在本申请的一些实施例中,导电化合物的摩尔含量占导电聚合物的摩尔含量的10~20mol%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:导电材料,导电材料选自金属粉末、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,导电聚合物的重量占导电聚合物与所述导电材料的总重量的30~70wt%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,金属粉末选自银粉末、铝粉末、镁粉末、锂粉末中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,金属粉末的粒径为700nm~5μm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管除了含有上述结构之外, 还包括:空穴注入层。空穴注入层设于阳极和发光层之间。具体地,空穴注入层可以设置在空穴传输层与阳极之间。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管除了含有上述结构之外,还包括空穴传输层。空穴传输层设于空穴注入层和发光层之间。此时,空穴注入层可以设置在空穴传输层与阳极之间。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,空穴传输层的材料选自聚(9,9-二辛基-芴-共-N-(4-丁基苯基)-二苯基胺)、WO 3、NiO、V 2O 5、CuO、p型氮化镓、CrO 3、N,N,N',N'-四(4-甲氧基苯基)-联苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺、聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)、4,4'-N,N'-二咔唑基-联苯、螺-TPD、螺-NPB中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,空穴注入层的材料包括聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、酞菁铜、氧钛酞菁、4,4',4'-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺、4,4',4'-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺、MoO 3中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管除了含有上述结构之外,还包括:电子传输层。电子传输层可设于阴极和发光层之间。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,电子传输层的材料包括ZnO、TiO 2、ZrO 2、HfO 2、SrTiO 3、BaTiO 3、MgTiO 3、Alq 3,Almq 3、DVPBi、TAZ、OXD、PBD、BND、PV中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阳极的材料包括ITO、IZO、FTO、ATO、AZO、Au、Pt、Si中的一种或多种。
在本申请的一些实施例中的发光二极管中,发光层为量子点发光层,量子点发光层的量子点材料包括硅量子点、锗量子点、硫化镉量子点、硒化镉量子点、碲化镉量子点、硒化锌量子点、硫化铅量子点、硒化铅量子点、磷化铟量子点、砷化铟量子点、氮化镓量子点中的一种或多种。
在本申请的一些实施例中的发光二极管中,量子点发光层的量子点的尺寸为1~12nm。
在本申请的一些实施例中的发光二极管中,量子点发光层的量子点的表面配体包括巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基丁酸、巯基油酸。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的正置量子点发光二极管的结构示意图;
图2是本申请实施例提供的正置量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程示意图;
图3是本申请实施例提供的倒置量子点发光二极管的结构示意图;
图4是本申请实施例提供的倒置量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程示意图;
图5是本申请实施例2提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程示意图;
图6是本申请实施例3提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程示意图。
其中,附图标记说明:
衬底基板110;阳极120;空穴注入层130;空穴传输层140;量子点发光层150;电子传输层160;阴极170。
本申请的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例提供一种光电器件及其制备方法。以下分别进行详细说明。需说明的是,以下实施例的描述顺序不作为对实施例优选顺序的限定。另外,在本申请的描述中,术语“包括”是指“包括但不限于”。
本申请中,“和/或”,描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B的情况。其中A,B可以是单数或者复数。
本申请中“一种或多种”等表述,是指所列举多项中的一种或者多种,“多种”是指这些项中两种或两种以上的任意组合,包括单项(种)或复数项(种) 的任意组合,例如,“a、b或c中的至少一项(种)”或“a、b和c中的至少一项(种)”,均可以表示:a,b,c,a-b(即a和b),a-c,b-c,或a-b-c,其中a,b,c分别可以是单个,也可以是多个。
本申请的各种实施例可以以一个范围的型式存在;应当理解,以一范围型式的描述仅仅是因为方便及简洁,不应理解为对本申请范围的硬性限制;因此,应当认为所述的范围描述已经具体公开所有可能的子范围以及该范围内的单一数值。例如,应当认为从1到6的范围描述已经具体公开子范围,例如从1到3,从1到4,从1到5,从2到4,从2到6,从3到6等,以及所述范围内的单一数字,例如1、2、3、4、5及6,此不管范围为何皆适用。另外,每当在本文中指出数值范围,是指包括所指范围内的任何引用的数字(分数或整数)。
本申请提供一种导电聚合物,该导电聚合物具有优良的导电性能,能够用于发光二极管的电极,例如用于量子点发光二极管(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes,QLED)的阴极。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,导电聚合物的结构通式如式Ⅰ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000013
其中,R 0为不存在或者为
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000014
R 1或R 2分别独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷基、碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷氧基、卤素基团、羟基(-OH)、硝基(-NO 2)、氨基(-NH 2)、醛基(-CHO)、酯基、氰基(-CN)中的一种。在该结构通式的同一个重复单元中,R 1与R 2可以相同或不同。R 1和R 2的主要作用是调节HOMO和LUMO能级,改善电荷传输能力,因此,R 1和R 2的碳原子数目不能太多,否则会影响对HOMO和LUMO能级的调节。
在本申请的一些实施例中,“烷基”可以表示直链、支链、环状烷基。碳原子数为1-4的烷基指的是包含1-4个碳原子的烷基,每次出现时,可以互相独立为C 1烷基、C 2烷基、C 3烷基、C 4烷基。其他数目同理。
又如,在本申请的一些实施例中,“烷氧基”可以表示直链、支链烷氧基。碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基指的是包含1-4个碳原子的烷氧基,每次出现时,可以互相独立为C 1烷氧基、C 2烷氧基、C 3烷氧基、C 4烷氧基。其他数目同理。
再如,在本申请的一些实施例中,“烷硫基”可以表示直链、支链烷硫基。碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基指的是包含1-20个碳原子的烷硫基,每次出现时,可以互相独立为C 1烷硫基、C 2烷硫基、C 3烷硫基、C 4烷硫基、C 5烷硫基、C 6烷硫基、C 7烷硫基、C 8烷硫基、C 9烷硫基、C 10烷硫基、C 11烷硫基、C 12烷硫基、C 13烷硫基、C 14烷硫基、C 15烷硫基、C 16烷硫基、C 17烷硫基、C 18烷硫基、C 19烷硫基、C 20烷硫基。其它基团同理视之。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 1或R 2基团中,碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷基(-R)的通式为C mH 2m+1,m为1-4中的一个整数,R表示碳氢链或碳氢环。示例性地,该烷基可以包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基。丙基包括链状丙基、环状丙基。丁基包括链状丁基、环状丁基。链状丁基又可以包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 1或R 2基团中,碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷氧基(RO-)包括甲氧基(CH 3O-,又称为MeO)、乙氧基(C 2H 5O-)、丙氧基(C 3H 7O-)、丁氧基(C 4H 9O-)等。碳原子数目比较小的烷氧基一般具有吸电子特性,可以用于调整HOMO和LUMO能级。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 1或R 2基团中,卤素基团包括氟原子、氯原子、溴原子。卤素基团是VII族元素,倾向于得到一个电子形成8个电子稳定结构,通常会表现出吸电子的特性,故也可以用于调整HOMO和LUMO能级。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 1或R 2基团中,酯基(-COOR)可以为硼酸频那醇酯基等。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 3或R 4独立地选自碳原子数目为8-14中的一个整数的烷基、碳原子数目为8-14中的一个整数的烷氧基中的一种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 3或R 4基团中,碳原子数目为8-14中的一个整数的烷基包括辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基。R 3或R 4基团中的烷基为链状烷基或环状烷基。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 3或R 4基团中,碳原子数目为8-14中的一个整数的烷氧基包括辛氧基、壬氧基、癸氧基、十一烷氧基、十二烷氧基、十三烷氧基、十四烷氧基中的一种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,n的值可以为50-100中的一个整数,也可以为60-90中的一个整数,还可以为65-85中的一个整数,又可以为70-80中的一个整数。
R 5选自碳碳单键、碳原子数目为1-20中的一个整数的链烷基、碳原子数目为3-20中的一个整数的环烷基、碳原子数目为1-20中的任意一个整数的烷氧基、碳原子数目为1-20中的一个整数的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的一个整数的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的任意一个整数的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的一个整数的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000015
在另一些实施例中,导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000016
在式Ⅲ中,R 5选自碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳 香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。但是式Ⅲ中的R 5不为碳碳单键。
以下对式Ⅱ的导电聚合物列举出一些具体的聚合物。以下的具体聚合物仅为示例性列举,而并非穷举,本领域技术人员可以根据本申请的实施例中对结构通式和相关基团的描述,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下进行相关基团替换,并得到其它结构的聚合物。
聚合物1:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000017
n=80。
聚合物2:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000018
n=60。
聚合物3:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000019
n=50。
核磁共振检测: 1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl 3)E isomer:δ7.47–7.31(m,2H),7.12–7.00(m,4H);Z isomer:δ7.24–7.14(m,2H),6.95–6.75(m,4H).
聚合物4:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000020
n=50。
聚合物5:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000021
n=55;R 1为硼酸频那醇酯基,R 2为氢原子。
聚合物6:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000022
n=60。
紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计检测UV–Vis–NIR(C 6H 5Cl,0.0566mM):λmax,nm(ε,,M -1cm -1):336(1,700)450(sh),484(17,000)520(18,000)。
本申请提供一种式Ⅱ的导电聚合物的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
将单体化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂进行聚合反应,得到聚合反应产物;
对聚合反应产物进行分离,得到导电聚合物;
其中,单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅴ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000023
导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000024
其中,R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4基团的具体种类以及n的取值详见上述实施例中的记载。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,有机溶剂为甲苯。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,催化剂为(i-PrNDI)Ni 2(C 6H 6)。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,催化剂是过量添加的。单体化合物的添加量为0.1mmol~0.25mmol,催化剂的添加量为0.09μmol~0.22μmol。催化剂作为溶质溶解于溶剂中形成催化剂溶液,催化剂溶液中催化剂的摩尔分数为2%~3%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,聚合反应的温度为室温,即无需加热或冷却过程。在聚合反应进行的过程中,需要不间断搅拌,以便使聚合反应能够匀速进行,从而产生分子量比较均一的聚合物。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,聚合反应是在惰性气氛中进行的。惰性气氛主要是为了保证产生的N=N双键不易被氧化。示例性地,惰性气氛可以为氮气。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,聚合反应的时间为1.5h~3h。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,对聚合反应产物的分离包括:在聚合反应产物中加入沉淀剂,收集沉淀产物;对沉淀产物进行清洗、提纯和干燥后,得到导电聚合物。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,沉淀剂可以为甲醇。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,清洗依次采用甲醇、六烷(Hexane,又称己烷)和三氯甲烷进行。前两轮清洗直接清洗,第三轮清洗采用在三氯甲烷中超声清洗。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,采用氯苯进行上述的提纯。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,干燥采用真空干燥。
本申请的实施例中的导电聚合物采用溶液法并且利用金属催化剂制成,其材料来源简单、容易获得。与金属电极材料相比,该导电聚合物无需通过蒸镀法形成电极,无需昂贵的电极制备设备。该导电聚合物能够采用喷墨打印法或旋涂法制备电极,能够与发光二极管的其它功能层在同一场所制成,中途无需 更换场所或制造设备,故电极制备过程耗时短。本申请中的导电聚合物也能够用于硬显示屏和柔性显示屏,具有较广的用途。
本申请的一些实施例还提供了一种发光二极管,其包括:阳极、阴极和设置于阳极与阴极之间的发光层。阴极的材料可以包括上述各个实施例中的导电聚合物。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:掺杂入该导电聚合物中的导电化合物。
其中,导电化合物选自萘基锂、萘基钠中的一种或多种。导电化合物用于进一步提高发光二极管阴极材料的导电率。导电化合物的掺杂量可以占导电聚合物的10mol%~20mol%,也可以为12mol%~18mol%,还可以为14mol%~17mol%,也可以为15mol%~16mol%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:与导电聚合物混合的导电材料。
其中,导电材料选自金属粉末、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,导电聚合物的重量可以占导电聚合物与导电材料的总重量的30wt%~70wt%,还可以占40wt%~60wt%,也可以占50wt%~55wt%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,金属粉末可以选自银粉末、铝粉末、镁粉末、锂粉末中的一种或多种。金属粉末的粒径可以选自700nm~5μm中的任意一个数值,还可以为800nm~3μm,也可以为900nm~2μm,又可以为950nm~1μm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管除了包括上述的结构之外,还可以包括:设于阳极和发光层之间的空穴注入层以及设于空穴注入层和发光层之间的空穴传输层。
其中,空穴传输层的材料选自聚(9,9-二辛基-芴-共-N-(4-丁基苯基)-二苯基胺)(TFB)、WO3、NiO、V2O5、CuO、p型氮化镓、CrO3、N,N,N',N'-四(4-甲氧基苯基)-联苯胺(TPD)、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺(NPB)、聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)(PVK)、4,4'-N,N'-二咔唑基-联苯(CBP)、螺-TPD(Spiro-TPD)、螺-NPB(Spiro-NPB)中的一种或多种。
空穴注入层的材料包括聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS)、酞菁铜(CuPc)、氧钛酞菁(TiOPc)、4,4',4'-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺(m-MTDATA)、4,4',4'-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺(2-TNATA)、MoO 3中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管除了包括上述的结构之外,还可以包括:设于阴极和发光层之间的电子传输层。示例性地,电子传输层的材料包括ZnO、TiO 2、ZrO 2、HfO 2、SrTiO 3、BaTiO 3、MgTiO 3、Alq 3,Almq 3、DVPBi、TAZ、OXD、PBD、BND、PV中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阳极的材料包括ITO、IZO、FTO、ATO、AZO、Au、Pt、Si中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光二极管中的阳极的厚度可以为10nm~1000nm,也可以为40nm~400nm,还可以为100nm~200nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,空穴注入层的厚度可以为20~30nm,还可以为25~28nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,空穴传输层的厚度可以为30~40nm,还可以为34~37nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光层的厚度可以为15~25nm,还可以为20~22nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,电子传输层的厚度可以为10~180nm,还可以为40~60nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的厚度可以为60~120nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,发光层为量子点发光层。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,量子点发光层的量子点材料包括硅量子点、锗量子点、硫化镉量子点、硒化镉量子点、碲化镉量子点、硒化锌量子点、硫化铅量子点、硒化铅量子点、磷化铟量子点、砷化铟量子点、氮化镓量子点中的一种或多种。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,量子点发光层的量子点的尺寸为1nm~12nm。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,量子点发光层的量子点的表面配体包括巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基丁酸、巯基油酸。量子点材料表面配体优选为巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基丁酸、巯基油酸,由于上述配体和量子点表面原子配位后,会在量子点表面修饰羧酸基,并和凝胶剂中的一端带正电的氨基可以与量子点层表面的带负电的羧酸基产生静电力,实现静电自组装,这有利于提升量子点的成膜质量,进而提升QLED器件的性能和稳定性。
本申请提供一种导电聚合物,该导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000025
其中,R 6或R 7独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷基、碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷氧基、卤素基团、羟基(-OH)、硝基(-NO 2)、氨基(-NH 2)、醛基(-CHO)、酯基、氰基(-CN)中的一种。
R 5选自碳原子数目为1-20中的任意一个整数的链烷基、碳原子数目为3-20中的一个整数的环烷基、碳原子数目为1-20中的一个整数的烷氧基、碳原子数目为1-20中的一个整数的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的一个整数的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的一个整数的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数目为2-20中的一个整数的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。
n为50-100中的一个整数。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,R 6或R 7基团中,碳原子数目为1-4中的一个整数的烷基包括甲基、乙基、丙基等。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,取代或未取代的杂环芳烃中的杂环选自噻吩、内酰胺、二酮吡咯(DPP)、噻唑、吡啶、嘧啶、哒嗪、喹啉中的一种或多种。
噻吩的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000026
二酮吡咯(DPP)的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000027
噻唑的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000028
吡啶的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000029
嘧啶的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000030
哒嗪的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000031
喹啉的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000032
在本申请的一些实施例中,R 5中被取代的各个基团的取代基独立地选自烯基、碳原子数目为8-25中的一个整数的烷基、卤素、酯基、羟基、羧基、硝基、碳原子数目为8-25中的一个整数的烷氧基、氨基、氰基、醛基中的一种或多种。烷基包括直链烷基、支链烷基中的一种。烷氧基包括直链烷氧基、支链烷氧基中的一种。
在本申请的一些实施例中,非苯芳香烃基包括丙炔酸甲酯或丙炔酸。
以下对式Ⅲ的导电聚合物列举出一些具体的聚合物。以下的具体聚合物仅为示例性列举,而并非穷举,本领域技术人员可以根据本申请的实施例中对结构通式和相关基团的描述,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下进行相关基团替换,并得到其它结构的聚合物。
聚合物7:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000033
n为50;R 5为苯。
聚合物8:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000034
n为55;R 5为氟化苯,取代基为氟。
聚合物9:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000035
n为53;R 5为丙烯酸甲酯,属于酯基。
聚合物10:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000036
n为85;R 5为杂环芳烃,其由噻吩环与取代的二酮吡咯串联形成的连接基团,二酮吡咯的N原子上含有取代基为支链烷基。
核磁共振检测: 1H NMR(400MHz,toluene-d8)δ9.44–9.15(m,2H),7.93(d,J=8.1Hz,3H),7.62(d,J=8.4Hz,3H),4.20(s,4H),2.21(s,2H),1.60–1.22(m,64H),0.93–0.86(m,12H)。
聚合物11:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000037
n为74;R 5为取代的杂环芳烃,即为酯基取代的噻吩环。
聚合物12:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000038
n为86;R 5为噻吩环与取代的环氧化合物并联形成的连接基团,环氧化合物的取代基为醚基。
聚合物13:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000039
n为80;R 5包括内酰胺环,属于取代的杂环芳烃。
核磁共振检测: 1H NMR(400MHz,100℃,toluene-d8)δ9.81(s,2H),7.91–7.50(m,4H),4.52(s,2H),2.19(s,4H),1.77(s,4H),1.31(s,80H),0.89(s,12H).
在聚合物13中,苯环与内酰胺串联形成的结构(不包括-N=N-)可整体称为支链烷基取代的异靛蓝。
其中,未取代的异靛蓝的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000040
本申请采用上述实施例中的导电聚合物作为电极。相比具有C=C双键、C=N双键的导电聚合物,本申请的实施例中的导电聚合物通过N=N双键偶联,与侧链(R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 6、R 7)进行键合。当将该导电聚合物作为发光二极管的电极时,其与电子传输层中的无机半导体的能级匹配度更高,更容易进行n型掺杂,而n型掺杂为富电子掺杂,故电子注入更容易,使得电极的压降更低,导电率更好。
本申请提供一种式Ⅲ的导电聚合物的制备方法,该制备方法包括:
将单体化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂以引发聚合反应,得到聚合反应产物;
对聚合反应产物进行分离,得到导电聚合物。
其中,单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅵ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000041
导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000042
其它实施例中与本实施例相同之处可以以引用方式并入本实施例中。本申请中的各个实施例可以任意组合,以形成新的实施例。
本申请的各个实施例中的导电聚合物是通过交联反应形成,成膜性优异,表面粗糙度低,故不影响出光。该导电聚合物的制备方法简单,其采用喷墨印刷法或者旋涂法等方法制备,无需像金属电极那样需要昂贵的真空沉积设备。另外,本申请的各个实施例中的导电聚合物在用于形成发光二极管的电极层时,能够与其他功能层使用统一的制造设备在同一个场所中制备,而无需像金属电极那样需要更换不同的制造设备并且更换不同的制造场所。本申请中的导电聚合物属于有机高分子聚合物,性质稳定,并非如金属电极那样容易被氧化,所以存放稳定,并且即便由于电极破损而受到水氧侵袭,对水氧侵袭的敏感性也较低,从而电极的性能也不会明显下降。
本申请的一些实施例还提供了一种发光二极管,包括:阳极、阴极和设置于阳极与阴极之间的发光层,其中,阴极的材料包括上述的导电聚合物。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:掺杂入该导电聚合物中的导电化合物。导电化合物选自萘基锂、萘基钠中的一种或多种。导电化合物的掺杂量占导电聚合物的10mol%~20mol%。
可选地,在本申请的一些实施例中,阴极的材料还包括:与导电聚合物混合的导电材料。
其中,导电材料选自金属粉末、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种。导电聚合物的重量可以占导电聚合物与导电材料的总重量的30wt%~70wt%。
本申请的上述实施例提供的导电聚合物的分子内含有氮氮双键、芳环、杂环,因此具有大的π-电子共轭体系,给自由电子提供离域迁移所需的条件。该共轭体系中的成键和反键能带之间的间隙较小,接近无机半导体的导带-价带能隙。与目前具有C=C、C=N的双键导电聚合物相比,通过氮氮双键偶联(N=N)以及与侧链基团(如R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4、R 6、R 7)的键合,具有更小的HOMO-LUMO 能级,能更好匹配电子传输层中的无机氧化物半导体,并且能够降低发光器件的注入电压。另外,因为本申请的导电聚合物具有更小的能隙,具有更大的氧化还原活性,更容易能够进行N型掺杂,故具有更高的电导率,并且电导率可达5.8×10 5S/m,几乎和金属铜的电导率相同,能够替代金属铜。因此,本申请的各个实施例中的导电聚合物能够作为发光二极管的电极。
参考图1所示,本申请实施例提供一种正置量子点发光二极管,包括依次层叠的衬底基板110、阳极120、空穴注入层130、空穴传输层140、量子点发光层150、电子传输层160和阴极170。
参考图2所示,本申请实施例还提供一种正置量子点发光二极管的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
S11、提供一衬底基板110,在衬底基板110上形成阳极120;
S12、在阳极120上形成空穴注入层130;
S13、在空穴注入层130上形成空穴传输层140;该步骤可以采用旋涂法;
S14、在空穴传输层140上沉积量子点发光层150;
S15、在量子点发光层150上沉积电子传输层160;该步骤可以采用旋涂法;
S16、在电子传输层160上形成阴极170,从而得到正置量子点发光二极管。阴极170的制备可以采用喷墨打印法或者旋涂法,而无需像金属电极那样采用蒸镀法。阴极170的材料采用本申请的上述各个实施例中的导电聚合物、电极材料,或者复合电极材料。
参考图3所示,本申请实施例提供一种倒置量子点发光二极管,包括依次层叠的衬底基板110、阴极170、电子传输层160、量子点发光层150、空穴传输层140、空穴注入层130和阳极120。
参考图4所示,本申请实施例还提供一种倒置量子点发光二极管的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
S21、提供一衬底基板110,在衬底基板110上形成阴极170;
S22、在阴极170上形成电子传输层160;
S23、在电子传输层160上形成量子点发光层150;
S24、在量子点发光层150上旋涂空穴传输层140;
S25、在空穴传输层140上旋涂空穴注入层130;
S26、在空穴注入层130上形成阳极120,从而得到倒置量子点发光二极管。
其中,阴极170的制备可以采用喷墨打印法或者旋涂法,而无需像金属电极那样采用蒸镀法。阴极170的材料采用本申请的上述各个实施例中的导电聚合物、电极材料,或者复合电极材料。
以下结合具体实施例对本申请的技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种导电聚合物及其制备方法。本实施例中的导电聚合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
在氮气手套箱中,将0.17mmol单体化合物(如式Ⅱ所示)溶解在4.2ml的甲苯中。该单体化合物的R 1和R 2基团为甲氧基(MeO-),R 3和R 4为C 12H 25-。将0.15μmol的催化剂(i-PrNDI)Ni 2(C 6H 6)的催化剂加入该单体化合物中,室温搅拌2h,加入甲醇得到沉淀产物。将该沉淀产物分别采用甲醇、六烷、三氯甲烷进行超声清洗处理后,然后采用氯苯纯化提取,之后真空干燥分离,得到固体的导电聚合物(又称交联化合物)。该导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示,其n值为80,即聚合物1。反应过程如下式所示:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000043
实施例2
参考图5所示,本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S111、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S112、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S113、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S114、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S115、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。本实施例的导电聚合物为实施例1提供的导电聚合物。
实施例3
参考图6所示,本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S121、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S122、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S123、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S124、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S125、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物和石墨烯的混合溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物和石墨烯作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。导电聚合物和石墨烯的质量比为3∶1。本实施例的导电聚合物为实施例1提供的导电聚合物。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S131、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S132、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S133、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S134、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S135、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。本实施例的导电聚合物的结构式如下:
聚合物3:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000044
n=50。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S141、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S142、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S143、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S144、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S145、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。本实施例的导电聚合物的结构式如下:
聚合物10:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000045
n为85。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S151、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S152、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S153、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S154、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S155、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。本实施例的导电聚合物的结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000046
n为74。
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S161、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S162、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积30nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积30nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S163、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S164、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S165、采用浓度为40mg/ml的导电聚合物溶液在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,导电聚合物溶液的溶剂为甲醇,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以导电聚合物作为阴极的材料,并采用溶液法制成。本实施例的导电聚合物的结构式如下:
上述的聚合物13:
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000047
n为80。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
S211、提供100nm的ITO衬底;
S212、采用PEDOT:PSS材料在100nm的ITO衬底上沉积40nm的空穴注入层(Hole injection layer,HIL),采用TFB材料在空穴注入层上沉积20nm的空穴传输层(Hole transporting layer,HTL);
S213、配制浓度为20mg/ml的碲化镉量子点溶液,在空穴传输层上制备20nm的量子点发光层(Emitting layer,EML);
S214、采用ZnO材料在量子点发光层上沉积40nm的电子传输层;
S215、在电子传输层上沉积100nm的阴极,封装,得到量子点发光二极管。
本实施例中的量子点发光二极管以Au作为阴极的材料,采用蒸镀法形成。
对上述对比例1、实施例2~实施例7的量子点发光二极管的器件性能进行测试,结果如下表1所示,表1为实施例和对比例的量子点发光二极管的器件性能测试结果表。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-000049
对比实施例2和对比例可以得到,因为单纯的导电聚合物的导电性相于对比例的Au低一个数量级,因此,单纯的导电聚合物的电子传输速率低于对比例的Au,因此,单位时间内外量子效率低于对比例。因为电子传输层(无机氧化物ZnO)的HOMO能级范围在-3.8ev到-4.0ev之间,因此在导电聚合物(-4.0到-4.21eV中)中,电子容易跃迁到电子传输层中,因此,注入的启亮电压低于对比例的。采用导电聚合物制成的电极的表面粗糙度中优异于蒸镀金属电极(Au)的表面,因为蒸镀表面可能存在颗粒感。另外,导电聚合物电极的功函数低于蒸镀金属电极,而阴极需要较低的功函数,因此,导电聚合物电极比蒸镀金属电极更适宜作为阴极。
以上对本申请的各个实施例进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种导电聚合物,其中,所述导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100001
    其中,R 0为不存在或者为
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100002
    R 1、R 2分别独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氨基、醛基、酯基、氰基中的一种;
    R 3、R 4分别独立地选自碳原子数为8-14的烷基、碳原子数为8-14的烷氧基中的一种;
    R 5选自碳碳单键、碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种;
    n为50-100中的一个整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的导电聚合物,其中,所述导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ、式Ⅲ中的一种所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100004
    R 5选自碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的导电聚合物,其中,所述酯基包括硼酸频那醇酯基;
    R 5中的任一取代基独立地选自烯基、碳原子数为8-25的烷基、卤素、酯基、羟基、羧基、硝基、甲氧基、氨基、氰基、醛基中的一种;
    所述非苯芳香烃基包括丙炔酸甲酯或丙炔酸;
    所述杂环芳烃中的杂环选自噻吩、内酰胺、二酮吡咯、噻唑、吡啶、嘧啶、哒嗪、喹啉中的一种或多种。
  4. 一种导电聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述制备方法包括:
    将单体化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,加入催化剂进行聚合反应,得到聚合反应产物;
    对所述聚合反应产物进行分离,得到导电聚合物;
    其中,所述单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅳ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100006
    所述导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100007
    R 0为不存在或者为
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100008
    R 1、R 2分别独立地选自氢原子、碳原子数为1-4的烷基、碳原子数为1-4的烷氧基、卤素、羟基、硝基、氨基、醛基、酯基、氰基中的一种;
    R 3、R 4独立地选自碳原子数为8-14的烷基、碳原子数为8-14的烷氧基;
    R 5选自碳碳单键、碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一种或多种;
    n为50-100中的一个整数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的导电聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅴ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100010
    所述导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅱ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100011
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的导电聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述单体化合物的结构式如式Ⅵ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100012
    所述导电聚合物的结构式如式Ⅲ所示:
    Figure PCTCN2022137245-appb-100013
    其中,R 5选自碳原子数为1-20的链烷基、碳原子数为3-20的环烷基、碳原子数为1-20的烷氧基、碳原子数为1-20的烷硫基、取代或未取代的苯芳香烃基、非苯芳香烃基、取代或未取代的杂环芳烃、酯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的酰胺基、胺基、羧基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的烯基、取代或未取代的碳原子数为2-20的炔基、取代或未取代的环氧化合物中的一 种或多种。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的导电聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述有机溶剂为甲苯;
    所述催化剂为(i-PrNDI)Ni 2(C 6H 6);
    所述聚合反应的温度为20~28℃;
    所述聚合反应的时间为1.5~3h。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的导电聚合物的制备方法,其中,所述分离包括:在所述聚合反应产物中加入沉淀剂,收集沉淀产物,清洗、提纯和干燥后,得到所述导电聚合物。
  9. 一种发光二极管,其中,包括:
    依次层叠设置的阳极、发光层以及阴极;
    其中,所述阴极的材料包括如权利要求1~3任意一项所述的导电聚合物。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发光二极管,其中,所述阴极的材料还包括:导电化合物,所述导电化合物选自萘基锂、萘基钠中的一种或多种,所述导电化合物的摩尔含量占所述导电聚合物的摩尔含量的10~20mol%。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的发光二极管,其中,所述阴极的材料还包括:导电材料,所述导电材料选自金属粉末、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种,所述导电聚合物的重量占所述导电聚合物与所述导电材料的总重量的30~70wt%。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的发光二极管,其中,所述金属粉末选自银粉末、铝粉末、镁粉末、锂粉末中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的发光二极管,其中,所述金属粉末的粒径为700nm~5μm。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的发光二极管,其中,发光二极管还包括:
    空穴传输层,所述空穴传输层设置在所述阳极与所述发光层之间,所述空穴传输层的材料选自聚(9,9-二辛基-芴-共-N-(4-丁基苯基)-二苯基胺)、WO 3、NiO、V 2O 5、CuO、p型氮化镓、CrO 3、N,N,N',N'-四(4-甲氧基苯基)-联苯胺、N,N'-二(萘-1-基)-N,N'-二苯基联苯胺、聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)、4,4'-N,N'-二咔唑基- 联苯、螺-TPD、螺-NPB中的任意一种或几种;
    空穴注入层,所述空穴注入层设置在所述阳极与所述发光层之间,所述空穴注入层的材料包括聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐、酞菁铜、氧钛酞菁、4,4',4'-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺、4,4',4'-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺、MoO 3中的一种或多种;
    电子传输层,所述电子传输层设置在所述阴极与所述发光层之间,所述电子传输层的材料包括ZnO、TiO 2、ZrO 2、HfO 2、SrTiO 3、BaTiO 3、MgTiO 3、Alq 3,Almq 3、DVPBi、TAZ、OXD、PBD、BND、PV中的一种或多种。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的发光二极管,其中,所述阳极的材料选自ITO、IZO、FTO、ATO、AZO、Au、Pt、Si中的一种或多种;
    所述发光层为量子点发光层,所述量子点发光层的量子点材料包括硅量子点、锗量子点、硫化镉量子点、硒化镉量子点、碲化镉量子点、硒化锌量子点、硫化铅量子点、硒化铅量子点、磷化铟量子点、砷化铟量子点、氮化镓量子点中的一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的发光二极管,其中,
    所述量子点发光层的量子点的尺寸为1~12nm;
    所述量子点发光层的量子点的表面配体包括巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基丁酸、巯基油酸。
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