WO2023153416A1 - 固体状の水崩壊性複合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
固体状の水崩壊性複合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023153416A1 WO2023153416A1 PCT/JP2023/004098 JP2023004098W WO2023153416A1 WO 2023153416 A1 WO2023153416 A1 WO 2023153416A1 JP 2023004098 W JP2023004098 W JP 2023004098W WO 2023153416 A1 WO2023153416 A1 WO 2023153416A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B5/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of inorganic acids, e.g. phosphates
- C08B5/14—Cellulose sulfate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/16—Esters of inorganic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
- C08L101/14—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity the macromolecular compounds being water soluble or water swellable, e.g. aqueous gels
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
- D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
Definitions
- One or more aspects of the present invention relate to a solid water-disintegratable composite and a method for producing the same.
- a water-disintegratable material is a solid (for example, powder, fiber, film, etc.) in the absence of water and is easy to handle. Refers to a material that has the property of dispersing.
- a water-disintegrable material is a water-soluble sheet-like coloring material comprising a film-forming water-soluble polymer, a dissolution accelerator, a coloring agent, and a moisture retention agent disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- the water-soluble sheet-like coloring material has low adhesiveness, has moderate self-supporting property and flexibility, and is excellent in handleability, and when dissolved in water, it quickly becomes a uniform state. become.
- Patent document 1 exemplifies polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water-soluble acrylic polymer, gelatin, starch, casein, high-molecular polysaccharides, etc. as the film-forming water-soluble polymer.
- Patent Document 1 describes that when polyvinyl alcohol is used as a film-forming water-soluble polymer, it preferably has a degree of polymerization of 1,500 to 5,000, more preferably 2,000 to 4,500. , describes that it is preferable to use polyvinyl alcohol having a polymerization degree of 1,500 to 5,000 in combination with cellulose nanofibers as the film-forming water-soluble polymer.
- the dissolution accelerator assists the dissolution of the water-soluble film-forming polymer, which has relatively high water solubility and relatively low water solubility. It is a component that has the effect of promoting the colorant, and also has the effect of uniformly dispersing the colorant when the sheet-like colorant is dissolved in water. More preferably 300 to 1,000 polyvinyl alcohol and/or fatty acid metal salts are described.
- cellulose nanofibers in particular are used or desired to be used in many fields.
- Cellulose nanofiber is a biomass-derived compound obtained by defibrating cellulose fibers to nanosize. It is well dispersed in water, and a transparent nanocellulose film can be easily obtained by drying the dispersion.
- resin or rubber when mixed with resin or rubber, it leads to improvements in various physical properties such as strength, flexibility, and elongation, and has attracted attention as a new environmentally friendly material, and various proposals have been made.
- Patent Document 2 using an N-oxyl compound such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as an oxidation catalyst, some of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose are carboxyl groups and aldehyde groups.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl
- biomass such as cellulose, chitin, and chitosan are efficiently converted into nanofibers, and as a means for solving the problem of effectively using biomass, a biomass dispersion fluid is injected at a high pressure of 100 to 245 MPa to cause collision.
- a method for producing bio-nanofibers is described, which is characterized by colliding with a hard body for use.
- Patent Document 4 describes a method for producing cellulose nanofibers in which hydroxyl groups are modified by sulfate esterification.
- JP 2019-206646 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-1728 JP 2011-56456 A International publication WO2018/131721
- Patent Document 1 discloses that when high-molecular-weight PVA is used as a water-disintegratable material in water at room temperature, it is combined with a dissolution accelerator such as low-molecular-weight PVA and fatty acid metal salt.
- a dissolution accelerator such as low-molecular-weight PVA and fatty acid metal salt.
- films made of high-molecular-weight PVA blended with low-molecular-weight PVA are inferior in mechanical properties to films made only of high-molecular-weight PVA.
- one or more aspects of the present invention provide a new polymer compound, such as PVA, that is sparingly or insoluble in water at room temperature and soluble in hot water, yet readily disintegrates in water at room temperature.
- the problem to be solved is to provide a solid water-disintegratable composite.
- the present inventors For the purpose of enhancing the water-disintegratability of high-molecular-weight PVA at room temperature, the present inventors have also developed a material blended with a water-soluble polymer such as carboxymethylcellulose or xanthan gum instead of the low-molecular-weight PVA described in Patent Document 1. We have found that the mechanical properties are reduced compared to materials consisting only of high molecular weight PVA.
- a water-soluble polymer such as carboxymethylcellulose or xanthan gum
- a composite material of high-molecular-weight PVA and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers described in Patent Document 2 or mechanically refined cellulose nanofibers described in Patent Document 3 has a high molecular weight.
- the mechanical strength is superior to that of a material consisting of PVA alone, it has been found that the water disintegratability in water at room temperature is low.
- a solid composite obtained by combining cellulose nanofibers having a sulfate ester group with a polymer compound that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in room temperature water and soluble in hot water is the above-mentioned.
- the present inventors have found that the material has better mechanical properties than a material composed only of a polymer compound, and has a high water-disintegratability in water at room temperature, and has completed one or more aspects of the present invention below.
- a solid water-disintegratable composite comprising a polymer compound that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water at 25°C and soluble in water at 80°C or higher, and a cellulose nanofiber having a sulfate ester group.
- the polymer compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, starch, gelatin, carrageenan, agar, and derivatives thereof.
- the polymer compound is polyvinyl alcohol having a weight average molecular weight of 60,000 g/mol or more and 220,000 g/mol or less.
- Rotor rotation speed of the aqueous dispersion prepared by dispersing the composite in water so that the concentration of the cellulose nanofibers is 0.3% by mass at 25 ° C. using a Brookfield viscometer The composite according to any one of (1) to (7), which has a viscosity of 500 mPa ⁇ S or more when measured at 2.6 rpm. (9) The rotor rotation speed of the aqueous dispersion prepared by dispersing the composite in water so that the concentration of the cellulose nanofibers is 0.3% by mass at 25 ° C. using a Brookfield viscometer
- the thixotropic index (TI) value obtained from the viscosity measured at 2.6 rpm and the viscosity measured at 25 ° C. using a Brookfield viscometer at a rotor rotation speed of 26 rpm is 3 to 30.
- the complex according to any one of (1) to (8).
- (10) A method for producing a composite according to any one of (1) to (9), preparing a solvent, and a dispersion containing the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers dispersed in the solvent; and A method comprising removing the solvent from the dispersion to obtain the composite. (11) removing the solvent from the dispersion to obtain the composite, The method according to (10), comprising the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion layer to obtain the film-like composite.
- the term “sparingly soluble or insoluble in water at 25°C” means that the solubility in water at 25°C is 0 g/100 g or more and 1 g/100 g or less, preferably 0 g/100 g or more and 0.1 g/100 g or less. refers to being
- solubility in water at 80°C or higher specifically means that the solubility in water at a temperature of 80°C or higher is 10 g/100 g or more, preferably 30 g/100 g or more.
- a polymer compound that exhibits a solubility in the above range when fully stirred in water at a temperature of 80° C. or higher for 30 minutes or longer can be said to be “soluble in water at 80° C. or higher”.
- Such dissolution characteristics are poorly soluble or insoluble in water at room temperature (20°C to 30°C; the same applies hereinafter) and soluble in hot water (water at 80°C or higher; the same applies hereinafter).
- Polymer compounds alone are not suitable for use as water-disintegratable materials in water at normal temperature.
- the present inventors predicted that a solid composite containing the polymer compound and a cellulose nanofiber having a sulfate ester group described below can be easily disintegrated in water at room temperature and used as a water-disintegratable material. I found some outside knowledge.
- the polymer compound exhibiting the above dissolution properties is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, starch, gelatin, carrageenan and agar, and derivatives thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). be.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the high molecular weight PVA preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 60,000 g/mol or more and 220,000 g/mol or less, more preferably 64,000 g/mol or more, more preferably 200,000 g/mol or less, more preferably 150 g/mol or less. ,000 g/mol or less, more preferably 100,000 g/mol or less of PVA can be used.
- Such high-molecular-weight PVA is preferable because it is excellent in moldability in a solid state and has high mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and strength.
- the weight average molecular weight of PVA can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using PVA or polystyrene as a standard substance.
- General cellulose (undenatured cellulose) is a polysaccharide in which glucose is ⁇ -1,4-glycoside-linked, and is represented by (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n .
- Cellulose nanofibers used in this embodiment are Fibers composed of modified cellulose with sulfate groups.
- the solid composite according to the present embodiment which includes the sulfated CNF and the polymer compound, replaces the sulfated CNF having a sulfate group with cellulose nanofibers that do not contain a sulfate group. Water-disintegratability is superior to solid-state composites combined with compounds.
- the solid composite according to the present embodiment containing the sulfated CNF and the polymer compound is a material made only of the polymer compound, or a material such as carboxymethyl cellulose or xanthan gum instead of the sulfated CNF. Superior mechanical properties compared to solid composites containing water-soluble polymers.
- the average fiber width of the sulfated CNF is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 1 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 2 nm to 10 nm.
- the average fiber length of the sulfated CNF is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the average fiber width and average fiber length of the sulfate-esterified CNF are determined, for example, using an atomic force microscope (SPM-9700HT, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the fiber width (fiber diameter ( It can be measured by measuring the equivalent circle diameter)) and the fiber length and taking an addition average value for each.
- the average fiber width and average fiber length can be set within a desired range by adjusting the concentration of a reagent such as sulfuric acid, the amount of pulp relative to the reaction solution, and the reaction time during the production of the sulfated CNF.
- the sulfated CNF has a sulfate ester group represented by the following general formula (1).
- a sulfate ester group is introduced by substituting a part of the OH groups in the cellulose that normally constitutes the fiber with the sulfate ester group represented by the general formula (1).
- the sulfated CNF can be produced, for example, by subjecting raw material pulp to sulfate esterification and fibrillation, as shown in the Examples.
- n is an integer of 1 to 3
- M n+ is an n-valent cation
- the wavy line is a binding site to another atom.
- M n+ examples include hydrogen ions (H + ), metal ions, and ammonium ions. When n is 2 or 3, M n+ forms ionic bonds with two or three -OSO 3 - .
- Metal ions include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, transition metal ions, and other metal ions.
- Alkali metal ions include lithium ions (Li + ), sodium ions (Na + ), potassium ions (K + ), rubidium ions (Rb + ), cesium ions (Cs + ), and the like.
- Alkaline earth metal ions include calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), strontium ions (Sr 2+ ), and the like.
- transition metal ions include iron ions, nickel ions, palladium ions, copper ions, and silver ions.
- Other metal ions include beryllium ions, magnesium ions, zinc ions, aluminum ions, and the like.
- Ammonium ions include not only NH 4 + but also ammonium ions derived from various amines formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of NH 4 + with an organic group.
- Ammonium ions include, for example, NH 4 + , quaternary ammonium cations, alkanolamine ions, pyridinium ions, and the like.
- Mn + is preferably a hydrogen ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a calcium ion, or a quaternary ammonium cation, and particularly preferably a sodium ion (Na + ).
- Mn + possessed by the sulfate ester group represented by the general formula (1) may be of only one type, or may be of two or more types.
- the wavy line is the bonding site to the carbon atom to which the OH group was bonded.
- the sulfated CNF may have other substituents in addition to the sulfate group represented by the general formula (1).
- the other substituent is usually cellulose constituting cellulose nanofibers. substituted with at least one of the OH groups in Examples of other substituents include, but are not particularly limited to, anionic substituents and salts thereof, ester groups, ether groups, acyl groups, aldehyde groups, alkyl groups, alkylene groups, aryl groups, and combinations of two or more thereof. etc.
- an anionic substituent, a salt thereof, or an acyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of nano-dispersibility.
- an anionic substituent and its salt a carboxy group, a phosphate ester group, a phosphite ester group and a xanthate group are particularly preferred.
- the anionic substituent is in the form of a salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, and calcium salt are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of nano-dispersibility.
- an acetyl group is preferred from the viewpoint of nano-dispersibility.
- the amount of sulfur introduced due to the sulfate ester group can be, for example, 0.3 mmol/g or more and 3.0 mmol/g or less.
- the amount of sulfate ester group to be introduced can be set to any appropriate value within the above range depending on the application and the like.
- the amount of sulfur introduced into the sulfated CNF due to the sulfate groups can be represented by the sulfur content (mmol) per 1 g of cellulose nanofibers.
- the amount of sulfur introduced is preferably 0.4 mmol/g or more and 2.5 mmol/g or less, more preferably 0.8 mmol/g or more and 2.0 mmol/g or less. It is preferable from the viewpoint of high water dispersibility after drying that the amount of sulfur introduced is within the above range.
- the amount of sulfur introduced can be determined, for example, by the combustion absorption-ion chromatography (IC) method (combustion absorption-IC method, combustion IC method) described in the Examples.
- the amount of sulfur introduced is adjusted, for example, by controlling the concentration of a reagent such as sulfuric acid in the solution (fibrillation solution) used when fibrillating pulp, the amount of pulp relative to the fibrillation solution, the reaction time, the reaction temperature, etc. can do.
- the present invention relates to a solid water-disintegratable composite comprising a polymer compound that is sparingly soluble or insoluble in water at 25°C and soluble in water at 80°C or higher, and a cellulose nanofiber having a sulfate ester group.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect has water-disintegratability, it can be used as an easily disintegrable or biodegradable molded article (packaging, etc.), an easily disintegrable adhesive, a coating agent, a paint, a cosmetic, or the like. can be used.
- the blending ratio of the polymer compound and the sulfated CNF is not particularly limited.
- the content of the sulfated CNF with respect to the total amount of the polymer compound and the sulfated CNF may be, for example, 2% by mass or more and 98% by mass or less, It is preferably 5% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or more and 92% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect can contain one or more other components in addition to the polymer compound and the sulfated CNF, depending on the application.
- Said other ingredients can be water, inorganic ingredients and/or organic ingredients.
- inorganic components include inorganic fine particles.
- inorganic fine particles include silica, mica, talc, clay, carbon, carbonates (e.g. calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate), oxides (e.g. aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide), ceramics (e.g. ferrite), or fine particles of mixtures thereof.
- organic components include at least one substance selected from the group consisting of resins and rubbers.
- resins and rubbers include phenolic resins, melamine resins, urea resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethane resins, polyethylene resins (e.g., high-density polyethylene, medium-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene), and polypropylene.
- the organic compound may be a functional compound. Functional compounds include dyes, UV absorbers, antioxidants, antistatic agents, and surfactants.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect has a total content of the polymer compound and the sulfated CNF of 60% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 95% by mass or more. , more preferably 98% by mass or more, and at least part of the balance can include one or more other components as listed above.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect may contain a total of 100% by mass of the polymer compound and the sulfated CNF.
- the shape of the water-disintegrable composite according to this aspect is not particularly limited as long as it is solid, but it can be in the form of film, fiber, powder, granules, etc., and it is particularly preferably in the form of film or fiber. .
- the thickness of the film, the planar dimension and planar shape of the film, and the thickness and length of the fibers are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the purpose.
- the water-disintegrable composite according to this aspect in the form of film or fiber may be further molded into a desired three-dimensional shape.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect preferably disintegrates in water at 25°C within 24 hours.
- the amount of water at 25°C is not particularly limited as long as it is an excess amount with respect to the water-disintegratable composite according to this aspect.
- Water can be used in an amount such that the concentration of is 0.3% by mass or less.
- Disintegrating in water at 25°C within 24 hours means that when a sample of the water-disintegratable composite according to this embodiment is immersed in water at 25°C and allowed to stand still, the sample is partially separated. It means that the standing time required until it becomes impossible to grasp with tweezers is within 24 hours.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to the present embodiment is excellent in handleability in that the hand is not sticky when touched, and the dispersion obtained by disintegrating in water is less likely to adhere to a container.
- the present inventors found that an aqueous dispersion of a water-disintegratable composite prepared by blending a water-soluble polymer such as low-molecular-weight PVA, carboxymethyl cellulose, or xanthan gum with the polymer compound instead of the above-mentioned sulfated CNF was In contrast, the aqueous dispersion of the water-disintegratable composite prepared by blending the sulfated CNF with the polymer compound has stringiness at 25 ° C. I have found that it can be done without. Spinnability can be evaluated by the method described in Examples.
- the composite is dispersed in water so that the concentration of the sulfated CNF is 0.3% by mass.
- Viscosity measured at 25° C. using a Brookfield viscometer at a rotor speed of 2.6 rpm is 500 mPa ⁇ S or more, more preferably 2000 mPa ⁇ S or more, more preferably 4000 mPa ⁇ S or more, and still more preferably 5000 mPa. ⁇ S or more, more preferably 10000 mPa ⁇ S or less, more preferably 8000 mPa ⁇ S or less, still more preferably 7000 mPa ⁇ S or less.
- Such viscosity is imparted by the viscosity of the sulfated CNF, and there is no need to add a separate thickening agent to the water-disintegratable composite according to the present embodiment.
- the composite is dispersed in water so that the concentration of the sulfated CNF is 0.3% by mass. It was obtained from the viscosity measured at 25°C with a rotor speed of 2.6 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer and the viscosity measured at 25°C with a rotor speed of 26 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.
- the thixotropic index (TI) value is preferably 3-30, more preferably 4-20, more preferably 5-15.
- TI value (viscosity measured at 2.6 rpm)/(viscosity measured at 26 rpm)
- a method for producing a water-disintegratable composite Another one or more aspects of the present invention comprise: A method for producing a water-disintegratable composite according to one or more of the above aspects, comprising: preparing a solvent, and a dispersion containing the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers dispersed in the solvent; and and removing the solvent from the dispersion to obtain the composite.
- the water-disintegratable composite according to one or more aspects above can be produced.
- the dispersion contains a solvent, and the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers dispersed in the solvent, and may further contain one or more of the above-described other components as necessary.
- dispersion refers to “dissolution” and/or “suspension”.
- a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer compound and dispersing the cellulose nanofibers can be suitably used, and specific examples include water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the amount of the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the soluble components in the solvent and uniformly suspend the insoluble components.
- the concentration of the sulfated CNF in the dispersion is The amount can be 0.3% by mass or less.
- the order of adding each component to the solvent for preparing the dispersion is not particularly limited.
- the temperature of the water is preferably a temperature at which the polymer compound can be dissolved, more preferably 90° C. or higher, and more preferably 100° C. or lower. After dispersing the polymer compound in water at 80°C or higher, the temperature of the water may be lowered to a temperature below 80°C, such as normal temperature.
- the timing of adding the cellulose nanofibers and the one or more other components that are optionally added to the dispersion is not particularly limited.
- the cellulose nanofibers and the polymer compound are added to water at 80° C. or higher and dispersed to prepare the dispersion.
- the temperature of the polymer compound dispersion is lowered to a temperature below 80°C. and then dispersing the cellulose nanofibers in the polymer compound dispersion to prepare the dispersion.
- the step of removing the solvent from the dispersion to obtain the composite is performed by drying such as air drying, freeze drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, and spray drying to remove the dispersion. It is a step of removing the solvent from the liquid.
- the drying step can be appropriately selected according to the desired shape of the water-disintegratable composite.
- the dispersion can be spray-dried to obtain a powdery water-disintegrable composite.
- the drying step includes: and removing the solvent from the dispersion layer to obtain the composite in the form of a film.
- the layer of the dispersion can be formed by spreading the dispersion on the bottom of a suitable container, the thickness of the layer being determined by the concentration of the ingredients in the dispersion, the desired film thickness, It can be appropriately set in consideration of the thickness of the water-disintegratable composite having a shape.
- the removal of the solvent from the layer can be performed by a drying treatment such as air drying, freeze drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, or the like.
- the drying step includes: mixing the dispersion and a coagulating liquid to form a mixed liquid, forming a coagulate containing the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers in the mixed liquid; and is removed to obtain the film-like composite.
- the coagulating liquid is not particularly limited as long as it can precipitate a coagulate containing the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers in the mixed liquid mixed with the dispersion liquid.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, etc.
- sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) aqueous solution sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) aqueous solution, ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) aqueous solution, zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) aqueous solution, magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) aqueous solution, aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) aqueous solution can be exemplified as the coagulating liquid.
- the coagulants described in this paragraph can also be used in the wet spinning method described below.
- the layer of coagulum can be obtained by forming the coagulum on the bottom of a suitable container.
- the thickness of the layer can be appropriately set in consideration of the concentration of the components in the dispersion, the thickness of the desired film-like water-disintegratable composite, and the like.
- the removal of the solvent from the layer can be performed by a drying treatment such as air drying, freeze drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, or the like.
- the drying step includes: A step of ejecting the dispersion liquid from a nozzle to form a fibrous ejected product (fiberization step); A step of removing the solvent from the ejected matter to obtain the fibrous composite (fiber drying step) including.
- the fiberization step and the fiber drying step may be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
- a dry spinning method can be exemplified as a method for simultaneously performing the fiberization step and the fiber drying step.
- the dispersion liquid is discharged from a nozzle in an atmosphere at a temperature at which the solvent volatilizes to form a fibrous discharge, and the solvent is removed from the discharge by volatilization to form fibers. to obtain the composite in the form of
- a wet spinning method can be exemplified as a method for sequentially performing the fiberization step and the fiber drying step.
- the fiberization step the dispersion liquid is discharged from a nozzle into a coagulation liquid, and a fibrous discharge (coagulation) containing the polymer compound and the cellulose nanofibers is formed in the coagulation liquid. things).
- the coagulating liquid the coagulating liquids described with respect to the other preferred embodiments above can be used.
- a fiber drying step is further performed to remove the solvent from the fibrous discharge obtained in the fiberizing step. The removal of the solvent from the fibrous discharge can be performed by drying treatment such as air drying, freeze drying, hot air drying, and vacuum drying.
- ⁇ Method for producing sulfuric acid esterified CNF (cellulose nanofiber)> 150 g of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 25 g of acetic anhydride (concentration in fibrillation solution: 14% by mass) and 3.35 g of sulfuric acid (concentration in fibrillation solution: 1.87% by mass) were placed in a 300 ml sample bottle and heated to 25°C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer for about 30 seconds to prepare a fibrillation solution.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- acetic anhydride concentration in fibrillation solution: 14% by mass
- sulfuric acid concentration in fibrillation solution: 1.87% by mass
- the combustion absorption-IC method was used to quantify the sulfur content attributable to the sulfated CNF. That is, dry sulfate-esterified CNF (0.01 g) is placed in a magnetic board, burned in a tubular furnace (1350 ° C.) under an oxygen atmosphere (flow rate: 1.5 L / min), and the generated gas component is % hydrogen peroxide (20 ml). The resulting absorption liquid was diluted to 100 ml with pure water, and the sulfate ion concentration (% by mass) was measured by ion chromatography of the diluted solution. The amount of sulfur introduced (mmol/g) was calculated.
- the amount of sulfate ester groups introduced into the sulfate-esterified CNF prepared above measured by this method was 1.7 mmol/g.
- PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
- the mixed aqueous solution was slowly discharged into 500 ml of acetone (coagulating liquid) to obtain a fibrous discharge of a mixture of sulfated CNF and PVA. .
- the discharge is removed from acetone, dried at 50 ° C. for 10 hours using a blower dryer, and then dried at 105 ° C. for 1 hour using a blower dryer.
- Composite of fibrous sulfate esterified CNF and PVA made the body.
- the aqueous solution was slowly discharged into 500 ml of acetone (coagulating liquid) to obtain a fibrous discharge of PVA.
- the ejected material was removed from the acetone, dried at 50° C. for 10 hours using a blower dryer, and then dried at 105° C. for 1 hour using a blower dryer to prepare fibrous PVA.
- the mixed aqueous solution was slowly discharged into 500 ml of acetone (coagulating liquid) to obtain a fibrous discharge of PVA.
- the ejected material was removed from the acetone, dried at 50° C. for 10 hours using a blower dryer, and then dried at 105° C. for 1 hour using a blower dryer to prepare fibrous PVA.
- PVA (90%) CMC (10%) 4.05 g of PVA and 0.45 g of CMC were added to 895.5 g of water. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred to solubilize PVA and CMC, thereby obtaining a mixed aqueous solution of PVA and CMC.
- PVA (90%) xanthan gum (10%) 4.05 g of PVA and 0.45 g of xanthan gum were added to 895.5 g of water. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 80° C. and stirred to solubilize PVA and xanthan gum, thereby obtaining a mixed aqueous solution of PVA and xanthan gum.
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl
- sodium bromide sodium bromide
- the temperature of the reaction system was kept at 20° C., and the pH was maintained at 10 by successively adding 3N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the resulting product was filtered through a glass filter, washed thoroughly with water, and added with water to bring the total weight to 500 g.
- a mixer G5200, manufactured by Biolomix
- a uniform aqueous dispersion of TEMPO-oxidized CNF having a concentration of 1% by mass was obtained.
- the water disintegratability was evaluated by the following procedure. 0.1 g of the sample is added to 100 g of water at 25 ° C. in a beaker and left to stand, and after a predetermined time has passed, the sample collapses when grasped with tweezers (partly separated and cannot be grasped with tweezers) determined no. The standing time at which the sample first collapsed was defined as "water disintegration time”. Samples that disintegrate in water within 1 hour are evaluated as "A1", samples that exceed 1 hour and within 2 hours are evaluated as "A2”, samples that exceed 2 hours and within 24 hours are evaluated as "A3”, and samples that do not disintegrate within 24 hours. was rated as "Y".
- the spinnability was evaluated by the following procedure. 0.1 g of sample was added to 100 g of water at 25° C. in a beaker and stirred for 6 hours using a magnetic stirrer. When the tip of the glass rod was immersed in the dispersion liquid after stirring and then taken out, the threadability was evaluated as "yes" when the string was drawn, and as "no" when the string was not drawn.
- the viscosity characteristics were evaluated by the following procedure.
- a sample having a weight shown in Table 1 below was added to 100 g of water at 25° C. in a beaker and stirred for 6 hours using a magnetic stirrer. After stirring, 100 g of the homogeneous dispersion was defoamed for 10 seconds with a defoamer (Awatori Mixer ARE-310, manufactured by Thinky) and allowed to stand at 25° C. for 24 hours.
- the viscosity of the dispersion after standing was measured at 25° C. using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-II+, manufactured by Brookfield) at rotor rotation speeds of 2.6 rpm and 26 rpm. No. for measurement. 62 rotors were used.
- the reinforcing property was evaluated according to the following procedure.
- the elastic modulus and strength of each sample were determined by a tensile test (films in evaluation tests 1 and 2 conform to JIS K 7176-1, fibers in evaluation test 2 conform to JIS R 7606:2000).
- the reinforcing properties of samples whose elastic modulus and strength exceeded those of 100% PVA samples of the same shape were evaluated as " ⁇ ", and the reinforcing properties of other samples were evaluated as "X".
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Abstract
Description
硫酸エステル基を有するセルロースナノファイバー
を含有する、固体状の水崩壊性複合体。
(2)前記ポリマー化合物が、ポリビニルアルコール、デンプン、ゼラチン、カラギーナン及び寒天、並びに、それらの誘導体からなる群から選択される1以上である、(1)に記載の複合体。
(3)前記ポリマー化合物が、重量平均分子量が60,000g/mol以上220,000g/mol以下のポリビニルアルコールである、(2)に記載の複合体。
(4)前記ポリマー化合物と前記セルロースナノファイバーとの合計量に対し前記セルロースナノファイバーを2質量%以上98質量%以下含有する、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(5)フィルム又は繊維の形状を有する、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(6)25℃の水中で24時間以内に形状が崩壊する、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(7)前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液は、25℃において曳糸性を有さない、(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(8)前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液の、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度2.6rpmの条件で測定される粘度が、500mPa・S以上である、(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
(9)前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液の、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度2.6rpmの条件で測定される粘度と、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度26rpmの条件で測定される粘度とから求めたチキソトロピーインデックス(TI)値が3~30である、(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の複合体。
溶媒、並びに、前記溶媒中に分散した前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する分散液を調製する工程、及び、
前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程
を含む方法。
(11)前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、(10)に記載の方法。
(12)前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液と凝固液とを混合して混合液を形成し、前記混合液中で、前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する凝固物を形成する工程、及び
前記凝固物の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、(10)に記載の方法。
(13)前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液をノズルから吐出して繊維状の吐出物を形成する工程、及び、
前記吐出物から前記溶媒を除去して繊維状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、(10)に記載の方法。
本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎となる日本国特許出願番号2022-017930号の開示内容を包含する。
本発明の一以上の態様で使用する、25℃の水に難溶性又は不溶性であり、80℃以上の水に可溶性であるポリマー化合物について以下に説明する。
続いて本発明の一以上の態様で使用する、硫酸エステル基を有するセルロースナノファイバーについて説明する。なお、前記セルロースナノファイバーを、「硫酸エステル化セルロースナノファイバー」又は「硫酸エステル化CNF」とも記す。
本発明の一以上の態様は、
25℃の水に難溶性又は不溶性であり、80℃以上の水に可溶性であるポリマー化合物、及び
硫酸エステル基を有するセルロースナノファイバー
を含有する、固体状の水崩壊性複合体
に関する。
TI値=(2.6rpmで測定される粘度)/(26rpmで測定される粘度)
本発明の別の一以上の態様は、
上記の一以上の態様に係る水崩壊性複合体の製造方法であって、
溶媒、並びに、前記溶媒中に分散した前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する分散液を調製する工程、及び、
前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程
を含む方法
に関する。
前記分散液の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む。
この実施形態において、前記分散液の層は、前記分散液を適当な容器の底に広げて形成することができ、前記層の厚さは、前記分散液中の成分の濃度、目的とするフィルム状の水崩壊性複合体の厚さ等を考慮して適宜設定することができる。前記層からの前記溶媒の除去は、風乾、凍結乾燥、熱風乾燥、真空乾燥等の乾燥処理により行うことができる。
前記分散液と凝固液とを混合して混合液を形成し、前記混合液中で、前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する凝固物を形成する工程、及び
前記凝固物の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む。
前記分散液をノズルから吐出して繊維状の吐出物を形成する工程(繊維化工程)、及び、
前記吐出物から前記溶媒を除去して繊維状の前記複合体を得る工程(繊維乾燥工程)
を含む。
ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)150g、無水酢酸25g(解繊溶液における濃度:14質量%)及び硫酸3.35g(解繊溶液における濃度:1.87質量%)を300mlのサンプル瓶に入れ、25℃の室温下で磁性スターラーを用いて約30秒撹拌し、解繊溶液を調製した。
燃焼吸収-IC法を用いて、硫酸エステル化CNFに起因する硫黄含有率を定量した。すなわち、磁性ボードに、乾燥した硫酸エステル化CNF(0.01g)を入れ、酸素雰囲気(流量:1.5L/分)下、環状炉(1350℃)にて燃焼させ、発生したガス成分を3%過酸化水素水(20ml)に吸収させた。得られた吸収液を純水で100mlにメスアップし、希釈液のイオンクロマトグラフィーにより硫酸イオン濃度(質量%)を測定し、測定結果に基づいて、硫酸エステル化CNF1gあたりの硫酸エステル基に起因する硫黄導入量(mmol/g)を算出した。
PVAとして、分子量約65000の富士フイルム和光純薬製のPVAを使用した。
PVA:硫酸エステル化CNF=9:1
1%濃度の硫酸エステル化CNF水分散液45gにPVA4.05gと水850.95gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAを水溶化し、PVAと硫酸エステル化CNFとの混合水溶液を得た。
1%濃度の硫酸エステル化CNF水分散液45gにPVA0.45gと水134.55gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAを水溶化し、PVAと硫酸エステル化CNFとの混合水溶液を得た。
1%濃度の硫酸エステル化CNF水分散液45gにPVA0.05gと水54.95gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAを水溶化し、PVAと硫酸エステル化CNFとの混合水溶液を得た。
(PVA(100%))
PVA0.5gに水99.5gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAを水溶化し、PVAの水溶液を得た。
895.5gの水にPVA4.05gと低分子量PVA(分子量約20000)0.45gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAと低分子量PVAを水溶化し、PVAと低分子量PVAの混合水溶液を得た。
895.5gの水にPVA4.05gとCMC0.45gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAとCMCを水溶化し、PVAとCMCの混合水溶液を得た。
895.5gの水にPVA4.05gとキサンタンガム0.45gを加えた。その後、80℃に加熱し、攪拌することでPVAとキサンタンガムを水溶化し、PVAとキサンタンガムの混合水溶液を得た。
機械処理CNFとして、スギノマシン社製BiNFi-s、WFo-10002を使用した。
上記で調製した、フィルム状のPVA(90%)と硫酸エステル化CNF(10%)との複合体並びにフィルム状の比較試料の水崩壊性、曳糸性、粘度特性及び補強性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
上記で調製した、質量比が異なるPVAと硫酸エステル化CNFとの複合体の、フィルム状試料及び繊維状試料の、水崩壊性、曳糸性、粘度特性及び補強性を評価した。評価方法は「評価試験1(表2)」に記載の通りである。粘度特性の測定に用いた試料の重量を表3に示す。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (13)
- 25℃の水に難溶性又は不溶性であり、80℃以上の水に可溶性であるポリマー化合物、及び
硫酸エステル基を有するセルロースナノファイバー
を含有する、固体状の水崩壊性複合体。 - 前記ポリマー化合物が、ポリビニルアルコール、デンプン、ゼラチン、カラギーナン及び寒天、並びに、それらの誘導体からなる群から選択される1以上である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記ポリマー化合物が、重量平均分子量が60,000g/mol以上220,000g/mol以下のポリビニルアルコールである、請求項2に記載の複合体。
- 前記ポリマー化合物と前記セルロースナノファイバーとの合計量に対し前記セルロースナノファイバーを2質量%以上98質量%以下含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- フィルム又は繊維の形状を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 25℃の水中で24時間以内に形状が崩壊する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液は、25℃において曳糸性を有さない、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液の、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度2.6rpmの条件で測定される粘度が、500mPa・S以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 前記複合体を、前記セルロースナノファイバーの濃度が0.3質量%となるように水に分散させることにより調製した水分散液の、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度2.6rpmの条件で測定される粘度と、25℃においてB型粘度計を用いてローター回転速度26rpmの条件で測定される粘度とから求めたチキソトロピーインデックス(TI)値が3~30である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の複合体の製造方法であって、
溶媒、並びに、前記溶媒中に分散した前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する分散液を調製する工程、及び、
前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程
を含む方法。 - 前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液と凝固液とを混合して混合液を形成し、前記混合液中で、前記ポリマー化合物及び前記セルロースナノファイバーを含有する凝固物を形成する工程、及び
前記凝固物の層から前記溶媒を除去してフィルム状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。 - 前記分散液から前記溶媒を除去して前記複合体を得る工程が、
前記分散液をノズルから吐出して繊維状の吐出物を形成する工程、及び、
前記吐出物から前記溶媒を除去して繊維状の前記複合体を得る工程
を含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
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