WO2023138523A1 - 编码方法、设备及可读存储介质 - Google Patents

编码方法、设备及可读存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023138523A1
WO2023138523A1 PCT/CN2023/072301 CN2023072301W WO2023138523A1 WO 2023138523 A1 WO2023138523 A1 WO 2023138523A1 CN 2023072301 W CN2023072301 W CN 2023072301W WO 2023138523 A1 WO2023138523 A1 WO 2023138523A1
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codebook
preset
symbol
preset codebook
encoding
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PCT/CN2023/072301
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄伟
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维沃移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2023138523A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023138523A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/22—Scatter propagation systems, e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
    • H04J13/0007—Code type
    • H04J13/004—Orthogonal

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of communication, and in particular relates to an encoding method, equipment and a readable storage medium.
  • the full-rate quasi-orthogonal codebook extends the dimension of the full-rate orthogonal codebook, especially in the complex domain, this type of codebook can be extended to scenarios with a dimension greater than N ⁇ 2, and obtain a diversity gain that is slightly worse than the full diversity gain.
  • the problem with this type of codebook is that due to the destruction of the orthogonality of the codebook, the receiving end cannot achieve maximum likelihood detection through simple linear processing, which increases the processing complexity of the receiving end and deteriorates the communication performance.
  • the non-full rate orthogonal codebook ensures the orthogonality of the codebook by reducing the frequency band utilization or rate requirements, but the traditional non-full rate orthogonal codebook is designed for traditional active radio frequency communication, without considering the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals such as backscatter communication.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a coding method, device, and readable storage medium, which can solve the problem that the existing codebook cannot take into account the orthogonality when dimension N>2 and the applicability to backscatter communication.
  • an encoding method including:
  • the encoding end performs space-time block code encoding on the data according to the preset codebook
  • the preset codebook is a non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which the sub-blocks of the Alamouti codebook in the codebook are replaced with full-diversity space-time coding (Novel Space-Time Block Coded, NSTBC) codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • NSTBC Novel Space-Time Block Coded
  • an encoding device including:
  • the encoding module is used for the encoding end to perform space-time block code encoding on the data according to the preset codebook;
  • the preset codebook is a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the codebook are replaced by NSTBC codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • an encoding terminal including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used by the encoding end to perform space-time block code encoding on data according to a preset codebook;
  • the preset codebook is a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the codebook are replaced by NSTBC codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • a terminal includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.
  • a network-side device includes a processor and a memory, the memory stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor, and when the programs or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented.
  • a readable storage medium where a program or an instruction is stored on the readable storage medium, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method as described in the first aspect are implemented.
  • a seventh aspect provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to run a program or an instruction to implement the method as described in the first aspect.
  • a computer program product is provided, the computer program product is stored in a storage medium, and the computer program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
  • a communication device configured to execute the method described in the first aspect.
  • the Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook are replaced with NSTBC codebook sub-blocks.
  • the orthogonality of the codebook is guaranteed by reducing the rate requirement, reducing the processing complexity of the receiving end, and avoiding communication performance deterioration;
  • Figure 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a backscatter communication transmitting end
  • Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of Alamouti space-time block code diversity transmission
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an encoding method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an encoding device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a network side device provided by an embodiment of the present application. .
  • first, second and the like in the specification and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, and the objects distinguished by "first” and “second” are usually of one type, and the number of objects is not limited. For example, there can be one or more first objects.
  • “and/or” in the description and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/” generally means that the related objects are an "or” relationship.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-Advanced, LTE-A Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A Long Term Evolution
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • system and “network” in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the described technology can be used for the above-mentioned system and radio technology, and can also be used for other systems and radio technologies.
  • the following description describes the New Radio (New Radio, NR) system for exemplary purposes, and uses NR terminology in most of the following descriptions, but these technologies can also be applied to applications other than NR system applications, such as the 6th generation ( 6th Generation, 6G) communication system.
  • NR New Radio
  • 6G 6th Generation
  • the encoding end may be deployed on the sending device, for example, it may be a terminal or a network side device.
  • the terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer (Tablet Personal Computer, TPC), a laptop computer (Laptop Computer, LC) or a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), a palmtop computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer, UMPC), a mobile Internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), an augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) /Virtual Reality (VR) equipment, robots, wearable devices (Wearable Device, WD), vehicle-mounted equipment (Vehicle User Equipment, VUE), pedestrian terminals (Pedestrian User Equipment, PUE), smart home (home equipment with wireless communication functions, such as refrigerators, TVs, washing machines or furniture, etc.), game consoles, personal computers (Personal Computer, PC), teller machines or self-service machines
  • the network side equipment may include access network equipment or core network equipment, where the access network equipment may also be called radio access network equipment, radio access network (Radio Access Network, RAN), radio access network function or radio access network unit.
  • radio access network equipment Radio Access Network, RAN
  • radio access network function Radio access network unit
  • the access network device may include a base station, a wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN) access point, or a wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, WiFi) node, etc.
  • the base station may be called a node B, an evolved node B (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), a wireless Electric base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (Basic Service Set, BSS), Extended Service Set (Extended Service Set, ESS), Home Node B, Home Evolved Node B, Transmitting Receiving Point (TRP) or any other suitable term in the field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to specific technical vocabulary.
  • the core network equipment may include but not limited to at least one of the following: core network node, core network function, mobility management entity (Mobility Management Entity, MME), access mobility management function (Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF), session management function (Session Management Function, SMF), user plane function (User Plane Function, UPF), policy control function (Policy Control Function, PCF), policy and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Centralized network configuration (CN) C), network storage function (Network Repository Function, NRF), network exposure function (Network Exposure Function, NEF), local NEF (Local NEF, or L-NEF), binding support function (Binding Support Function, BSF), application function (Application Function, AF), etc.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • AMF Access Mobility Management Function
  • SMF session management function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the future 6G communication network needs to support massive Internet of Everything, among which the number of IoT devices will reach hundreds of billions, and its connection density will increase by 10-100 times compared to 5G, reaching a connection density of 10-100/m2.
  • Massive IoT devices pose new challenges to both cost and power consumption.
  • Cellular networking, low cost, low power consumption and even zero power consumption are the main trends in the development of IoT devices in the future.
  • Traditional passive terminals are limited by their power consumption and hardware capabilities, and their communication transmission distances are mostly less than 10 meters, which is far from reaching the goal of cellular coverage of 100 meters. Therefore, how to effectively increase the communication distance of passive terminals becomes a difficult point to be solved after the technology is turned into a cellular network.
  • Backscatter communication means that backscatter communication devices use radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to perform signal modulation to transmit their own information. Its modulation circuit is shown in Figure 1a.
  • the backscatter communication device controls the reflection coefficient ⁇ of the circuit by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation.
  • the reflection coefficient of the signal can be characterized as:
  • the backscatter communication device may be a Tag in a traditional radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID), or a passive or semi-passive Internet of Things (Passive/Semi-passive Internet of Things, IoT). For convenience, it is collectively referred to as BSC user equipment (User Equipment, UE) here.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • IoT passive or semi-passive Internet of Things
  • OSTBC Full rate Orthogonal Space Time Block Code
  • STBC Space Time Block Code
  • OSTBC is a special linear STBC whose linear space-time block code S satisfies the following single condition:
  • I represents the identity matrix with dimension M
  • i represents the i-th element of M dimension
  • s i is the diagonal element
  • the i-th row element in S represents the symbol transmitted on the i-th transmitting antenna within M time
  • the j-th column element in S represents the symbol transmitted on the n t antenna at the j-th time.
  • Each column in the transmission matrix S that satisfies the above formula is orthogonal to each other, which means that the transmitted signal sequences on different antennas are also orthogonal, thereby ensuring that STBC can obtain full diversity gain at the same time.
  • the corresponding decoding end only needs to perform simple maximum ratio combining (MRC) to sequentially decouple the transmitted symbols on different antennas, and detect and estimate through the maximum likelihood detection (Maximum likelihood, ML) algorithm.
  • MRC maximum ratio combining
  • Alamouti code is the most representative OSTBC code, and can obtain full diversity and full rate gain.
  • Figure 1b shows the functional block diagram of the Alamouti code.
  • the symbol sent on antenna 1 is marked as s 1
  • the symbol sent on antenna 2 is marked as s 2 .
  • the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is And the symbols transmitted on antenna 2 are
  • the following space-time block code matrix is formed:
  • the received signal on the receiving antenna is:
  • n 1 and n 2 represent receiving noise and signal interference.
  • the decoder performs combined reception according to the following criteria:
  • the signals s 1 and s 2 can be estimated by the ML detector.
  • Quasi-orthogonal space-time block coding QSTBC is an extended STBC block coding codeword.
  • the columns in the coding matrix in this codeword can be divided into groups.
  • the column elements in each group are not orthogonal, but the orthogonality between different groups is still maintained. More generally, for a codeword matrix S with a dimension of N ⁇ N, when the matrix satisfies:
  • QSTBC is a sparse matrix whose diagonal elements are 1, and at least N 2 /2 zero elements are located off-diagonal. Therefore, S that satisfies the above codeword matrix is the QSTBC codebook.
  • QSTBCs include EA-type QSTBC S EA proposed by Jajarkhani, ABBA-type QSTBC S ABBA , and PF-type QSTBC S PF proposed by Papadias and Foschini, as well as linear transformations of these three types of block codewords.
  • Table 2-3 below shows typical 4-antenna transmit diversity codebooks.
  • Table 2 is a typical 4-antenna transmit diversity QSTBC codebook
  • Table 3 is a typical 4-antenna transmit diversity QSTBC codebook after linear transformation.
  • Non full-rate Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (Non full-rate Orthogonal Space Time Block Code)
  • non-full-rate orthogonal codebooks can also be obtained by padding zeros at certain space-time positions, as shown below:
  • NTBC New Space Time Block Code
  • the symbol sent on antenna 1 is denoted as s 1
  • the symbol sent on antenna 2 is denoted as But in the next symbol period, the symbol sent on antenna 1 is s 2 , and the symbol sent on antenna 2 is According to the definition of OSTBC code word, S 2 belongs to OSTBC code word, so it can obtain full diversity gain and full rate transmission. The difference between this type of codeword and the traditional Alamouti code in backscatter communication is analyzed below.
  • mapping rule of symbols 0 and 1 and reflection coefficient is:
  • Table 4 is the NSTBC space-time block code two-antenna transmit diversity coding table
  • Table 5 is the Alamouti space-time block code two-antenna transmit diversity coding table
  • Table 6 is the extended Alamouti space-time block code two-antenna transmit diversity coding table.
  • antenna 1 only needs two kinds of coefficients
  • antenna 2 also only needs two kinds of coefficients
  • antenna 1 and antenna 2 need four kinds of coefficients
  • the same approach can be extended to four-antenna and above scenarios.
  • the full-rate orthogonal codebook can obtain full diversity gain and full rate at the same time, this type of codebook is the main one so far.
  • the full-rate quasi-orthogonal codebook extends the dimension of the full-rate orthogonal codebook, especially in the complex domain, this type of codebook can be extended to scenarios with a dimension greater than N ⁇ 2, and obtain a diversity gain that is slightly worse than the full diversity gain.
  • the problem with this type of codebook is that due to the destruction of the orthogonality of the codebook, the receiving end cannot achieve maximum likelihood detection through simple linear processing, which increases the processing complexity of the receiving end and deteriorates the communication performance.
  • the non-full rate orthogonal codebook ensures the orthogonality of the codebook by reducing the frequency band utilization or rate requirements, but the traditional non-full rate orthogonal codebook is designed for traditional active radio frequency communication, without considering the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals such as backscatter communication.
  • the backscatter communication is to control the amplitude or phase of the signal by changing the load impedance, considering the non-ideality of other factors in the backscatter communication modulation circuit, there are more or less errors in the amplitude or phase of the output signal. But as long as these signal errors are within the distinguishable range, they have no effect on signal demodulation. Therefore, if the fewer load impedances need to be changed on each antenna, the greater the tolerable error and the lower the probability of false detection.
  • traditional full-rate orthogonal codebooks, full-rate quasi-orthogonal codebooks, and non-full-rate orthogonal codebooks do not consider the complexity of these modulation implementations.
  • the solution of the present invention redesigns the non-full-rate orthogonal codebook with codebook dimension N ⁇ 2 by combining the non-full-rate orthogonal codebook and NSTBC codebook structure, so as to extend the dimension of the orthogonal codebook and reduce the complexity of modulation implementation.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an encoding method
  • the execution body of the method is the encoding end
  • the encoding end may be a terminal device or a network side device
  • the method includes:
  • Step 201 The encoding end performs space-time block code encoding on the data according to the preset codebook
  • the preset codebook is a non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which the sub-blocks of the Alamouti codebook in the codebook are replaced by sub-blocks of the new space-time block code NSTBC codebook, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • the aforementioned space-time block code encoding of the data may be encoding processing of the original data to be sent.
  • the Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook are replaced with NSTBC codebook sub-blocks.
  • the orthogonality of the codebook is guaranteed by reducing the rate requirement, reducing the processing complexity of the receiving end, and avoiding communication performance deterioration;
  • the above preset codebook may be referred to as a non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook.
  • the embodiment of the present application designs a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook with low implementation complexity.
  • redesigning the codebook structure on the basis of the traditional non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook it is ensured that each column of the codebook is orthogonal to each other and the number of impedance matching types corresponding to some antennas is reduced, thereby reducing system implementation complexity and effectively reducing detection error probability.
  • the structure of the combined NSTBC codebook is:
  • S is the NSTBC codebook
  • the elements in S include s 12 , s 34 , and s 12 is the first basic element, s 34 is the second basic element, for the first generated element, is the second generating element; s 12 , s 34 , and satisfy:
  • the first generating element is the opposite number of the conjugate operation result of the first basic element
  • the second generating element is the conjugate operation result of the second basic element
  • the first basic element, the second basic element, the first generating element and the second generating element are complex numbers or block matrices.
  • N is the number of transmitting antennas, s 12 , s 34 , and are plural, is the conjugate complex number of s 34 , It is the inverse of the conjugate complex number of s 12 .
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • S c is the preset codebook
  • the dimension of S c is (p ⁇ n)
  • n is the number of transmitting antennas
  • p is the symbol period
  • s 1 and are the transmitted symbols on the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the first symbol period
  • s 2 and is the transmitted symbol on the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the second symbol period
  • the symbol is the conjugate of the symbol s 2
  • the symbol is the negative conjugate of symbol s 1
  • # is other complex field symbols in the preset codebook.
  • the Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the non-full-rate complex domain codebook are replaced with NSTBC codebook sub-blocks to ensure that the designed codebook can reduce the number of corresponding load impedance types on some antennas.
  • the preset codebook satisfies:
  • a, b are integers, 1 ⁇ a, b ⁇ n and a ⁇ b; said is the transpose of B a , is the transpose conjugate of Sc , and the ⁇ is a coefficient factor related to the symbol of the preset codebook.
  • the symbol # cannot be the same as the symbol sent by the antennas 1 and 2 in the first symbol period and the second symbol period and the conjugate, negative number or negative conjugate of the symbol.
  • the rate R of the preset codebook satisfies:
  • the codebook designed in this scheme also in traditional codebook
  • the codebook structure is redesigned on the basis of the codebook structure, that is, the NSTBC codebook is used to replace the Alamouti codebook in the codebook structure, and at the same time, it is ensured that the columns of the codebook are orthogonal to each other and the number of corresponding impedance matching types on the antenna is small. Due to codebook Each column is orthogonal in pairs, so it conforms to the construction principle of the generalized complex domain orthogonal codebook, thus ensuring that the receiving end can realize the maximum likelihood detection algorithm only through simple linear combination processing.
  • the codebook designed in this scheme also in traditional codebook
  • the codebook structure is redesigned on the basis of the codebook structure, that is, the NSTBC codebook is used to replace the Alamouti codebook in the codebook structure, and at the same time, it is ensured that the columns of the codebook are orthogonal to each other and the number of corresponding impedance matching types on the antenna is small. Due to codebook Each column is orthogonal in pairs, so it conforms to the construction principle of the generalized complex domain orthogonal codebook, thus ensuring that the receiving end can realize the maximum likelihood detection algorithm only through simple linear combination processing.
  • the codebook designed in this scheme is in the traditional codebook
  • the codebook structure is redesigned on the basis of the codebook structure, that is, the NSTBC codebook is used to replace the Alamouti codebook in the codebook structure, and at the same time, the columns of the designed codebook are guaranteed to be orthogonal and the number of impedance matching types on the antenna is small. Due to codebook Each column is orthogonal in pairs, so it conforms to the construction principle of the generalized complex domain orthogonal codebook, thus ensuring that the receiving end can realize the maximum likelihood detection algorithm only through simple linear combination processing.
  • the codebook designed in this scheme also in traditional codebook
  • the codebook structure is redesigned on the basis of the codebook structure, that is, the NSTBC codebook is used to replace the Alamouti codebook in the codebook structure, and at the same time, the columns of the designed codebook are guaranteed to be orthogonal and the number of impedance matching types on the antenna is small. Due to codebook Each column is orthogonal in pairs, so it conforms to the construction principle of the generalized complex domain orthogonal codebook, thus ensuring that the receiving end can realize the maximum likelihood detection algorithm only through simple linear combination processing.
  • the encoding method provided in the embodiment of the present application may be executed by an encoding device.
  • the method for performing encoding by the encoding device is taken as an example to describe the encoding device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an encoding device, including:
  • the encoding module is used for the encoding end to perform space-time block code encoding on the data according to the preset codebook;
  • the preset codebook is a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the codebook are replaced by NSTBC codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • the structure of the NSTBC codebook is:
  • the S is an NSTBC codebook
  • the elements in the S include s 12 , s 34 , and s 12 is the a basic element, s 34 is the second basic element, for the first generated element, is the second generating element; the s 12 , s 34 , and satisfy:
  • the N is the number of transmitting antennas, and the s 12 , s 34 , and are plural, is the conjugate complex number of s 34 , It is the inverse of the conjugate complex number of s 12 .
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the S c is the preset codebook
  • the dimension of the S c is (p ⁇ n)
  • the n is the number of transmitting antennas
  • the p is the symbol period
  • the s 1 and is the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna transmitted symbols obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the first symbol period
  • s 2 and It is the transmitted symbol on the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the second symbol period;
  • the symbol is the conjugate of the symbol s 2
  • the symbol is the negative conjugate of the symbol s 1
  • the # is another complex field symbol in the preset codebook.
  • the columns B a and B b of the preset codebook satisfy:
  • the preset codebook satisfies:
  • a, b are integers, 1 ⁇ a, b ⁇ n and a ⁇ b; said is the transpose of B a , is the transpose conjugate of Sc , and the ⁇ is a coefficient factor related to the symbol of the preset codebook.
  • the rate R of the preset codebook satisfies:
  • the n is the number of transmitting antennas
  • the m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook are replaced with NSTBC codebook sub-blocks.
  • the orthogonality of the codebook is guaranteed by reducing the rate requirement, reducing the processing complexity of the receiving end, and avoiding communication performance deterioration;
  • the encoding device in the embodiment of the present application may be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or A component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip.
  • the electronic device may be a terminal, or other devices other than the terminal.
  • the terminal may include but not limited to the types of terminals listed above, and other devices may be servers, network attached storage (Network Attached Storage, NAS), etc., which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • NAS Network Attached Storage
  • the encoding device provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize each process realized by the method embodiment in FIG. 2 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device 400, including a processor 401 and a memory 402.
  • the memory 402 stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor 401.
  • the communication device 400 is a terminal
  • the program or instructions are executed by the processor 401
  • the steps of the above-mentioned coding method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved.
  • the communication device 400 is a network-side device
  • the program or instruction is executed by the processor 401
  • the steps of the above encoding method embodiment can be achieved, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an encoding end, including a processor and a communication interface, and the processor is used by the encoding end to encode data according to a preset codebook;
  • the preset codebook is a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the codebook are replaced by NSTBC codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal 500 includes, but is not limited to: at least some components in a radio frequency unit 501, a network module 502, an audio output unit 503, an input unit 504, a sensor 505, a display unit 506, a user input unit 507, an interface unit 508, a memory 509, and a processor 510.
  • the terminal 500 can also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components, and the power supply can be logically connected to the processor 510 through the power management system, so as to implement functions such as management of charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system.
  • a power supply such as a battery
  • the terminal structure shown in FIG. 5 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal, and the terminal may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or arrange different components, which will not be repeated here.
  • the input unit 504 may include a graphics processing unit (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042, and the graphics processor 5041 processes image data of still pictures or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in the video capture mode or image capture mode.
  • the display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, and the display panel 5061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, or the like.
  • the user input unit 507 includes at least one of a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072 .
  • the touch panel 5071 is also called a touch screen.
  • the touch panel 5071 may include two parts, a touch detection device and a touch controller.
  • Other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be repeated here.
  • the radio frequency unit 501 may transmit the downlink data from the network side device to the processor 510 for processing after receiving it; in addition, the radio frequency unit 501 may send uplink data to the network side device.
  • the RF unit 501 includes but not limited to antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low noise amplifiers, duplexers, and the like.
  • the memory 509 can be used to store software programs or instructions as well as various data.
  • the memory 509 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, an application program or instructions required by at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.) and the like.
  • memory 59 may include volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or memory 509 may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or a flash memory.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • PROM programmable read-only memory
  • Erasable PROM Erasable PROM
  • EPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • Volatile memory can be random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), static random access memory (Static RAM, SRAM), dynamic random access memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (Enhanced SDRAM) RAM, ESDRAM), synchronous connection dynamic random access memory (Synch link DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DRRAM).
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • Double Data Rate SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • Enhanced SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ESDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory
  • Direct Rambus RAM Direct Rambus RAM
  • the memory 509 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these
  • the processor 510 may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 510 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes operations related to operating systems, user interfaces, and application programs, and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It can be understood that the foregoing modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 510 .
  • the processor 510 is used for the encoding end to perform space-time block code encoding on the data according to the preset codebook;
  • the preset codebook is a non-full rate complex domain orthogonal codebook in which Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the codebook are replaced by NSTBC codebook sub-blocks, and each column of the preset codebook is orthogonal to each other.
  • the Alamouti codebook sub-blocks in the non-full-rate complex domain orthogonal codebook are replaced with NSTBC codebook sub-blocks.
  • the orthogonality of the codebook is guaranteed by reducing the rate requirement, reducing the processing complexity of the receiving end, and avoiding communication performance deterioration;
  • the structure of the NSTBC codebook is:
  • the S is an NSTBC codebook
  • the elements in the S include s 12 , s 34 , and s 12 is the first basic element, s 34 is the second basic element, for the first generated element, is the second generating element; the s 12 , s 34 , and satisfy:
  • the N is the number of transmitting antennas, and the s 12 , s 34 , and are plural, is the conjugate complex number of s 34 , It is the inverse of the conjugate complex number of s 12 .
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the S c is the preset codebook
  • the dimension of the S c is (p ⁇ n)
  • the n is the number of transmitting antennas
  • the p is the symbol period
  • the s 1 and is the first transmit antenna and the second transmit antenna transmitted symbols obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the first symbol period
  • s 2 and It is the transmitted symbol on the first transmitting antenna and the second transmitting antenna obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the second symbol period;
  • the symbol is the conjugate of the symbol s 2
  • the symbol is the negative conjugate of the symbol s 1
  • the # is another complex field symbol in the preset codebook.
  • the columns B a and B b of the preset codebook satisfy:
  • the preset codebook satisfies:
  • a, b are integers, 1 ⁇ a, b ⁇ n and a ⁇ b; said is the transpose of B a , is the transpose conjugate of Sc , and the ⁇ is a coefficient factor related to the symbol of the preset codebook.
  • the rate R of the preset codebook satisfies:
  • the n is the number of transmitting antennas
  • the m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the structure of the preset codebook is:
  • the antenna 61 is connected to a radio frequency device 62 .
  • the radio frequency device 62 receives information through the antenna 61, and sends the received information to the baseband device 63 for processing.
  • the baseband device 63 processes the information to be sent and sends it to the radio frequency device 62
  • the radio frequency device 62 processes the received information and sends it out through the antenna 61 .
  • the methods in the above method embodiments may be implemented in the baseband device 63, where the baseband device 63 includes a baseband processor.
  • the baseband device 63 can include at least one baseband board, on which a plurality of chips are arranged, as shown in FIG.
  • the network side device may also include a network interface 66, such as a common public radio interface (Common Public Radio Interface, CPRI).
  • a network interface 66 such as a common public radio interface (Common Public Radio Interface, CPRI).
  • CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
  • the network-side device 600 in the embodiment of the present invention also includes: instructions or programs stored in the memory 65 and operable on the processor 64, and the processor 64 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 65 to execute the modules shown in FIG. 3 To avoid duplication, the method of implementation and to achieve the same technical effect will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium.
  • the readable storage medium stores a program or an instruction.
  • the program or instruction is executed by a processor, each process of the above encoding method embodiment can be achieved, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the processor is the processor in the terminal described in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory ROM, a random access memory RAM, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run a program or an instruction to implement each process of the above encoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the chip mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may also be called a system-on-chip, a system-on-chip, a system-on-a-chip, or a system-on-a-chip.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, the computer program product is stored in a storage medium, and the computer program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above encoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device configured to execute each process of the above encoding method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect, and to avoid repetition, details are not repeated here.
  • the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, and of course also by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation.
  • the technical solution of the present application can be embodied in the form of a computer software product in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes several instructions to make a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network equipment, etc.) execute the method described in each embodiment of the application.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种编码方法、设备及可读存储介质，属于通信技术领域，该方法包括：包括：编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；其中，预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且预设码本的各列之间两两正交。

Description

编码方法、设备及可读存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2022年01月20日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.202210067513.9的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种编码方法、设备及可读存储介质。
背景技术
满速率正交码本虽然能够获得满分集增益同时获得满速率，但该类码本到目前为止，复数域满速率正交码本只存在维度N＝2，实数域满速率码本只存在于维度N＝2，4，8。满速率准正交码本扩展了满速率正交码本的维度，尤其是在复数域该类码本可以扩展到大于维度为N≥2的场景，并且获得稍差于满分集增益的分集增益。但这类码本的问题在于，由于破坏了码本的正交性，从而使得接收端不能通过简单的线性处理就可以实现最大似然检测，增加了接收端的处理复杂度，且通信性能会恶化。
非满速率正交码本通过降低频带利用率或速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，但传统的非满速率正交码本都是针对传统有源射频通信而设计的，而没有考虑类似于反向散射通信等无源终端的调制特性与实现复杂度。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种编码方法、设备及可读存储介质，能够解决现有码本无法兼顾维度N>2时的正交性以及对反向散射通信的适用的问题。
第一方面，提供了一种编码方法，包括：
编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的阿拉穆蒂(Alamouti)码本子块替换为满分集空时编码(Novel Space-Time Block Coded，NSTBC)码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
第二方面，提供了一种编码装置，包括：
编码模块，用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
第三方面，提供了一种编码端，包括处理器及通信接口，其中，所述处理器用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
第四方面，提供了一种终端，该终端包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器存储可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如第一方面所述的方法的步骤。
第五方面，提供了一种网络侧设备，该网络侧设备包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器存储可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如第一方面所述的方法的步骤。
第六方面，提供了一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如第一方面所述的方法的步骤。
第七方面，提供了一种芯片，所述芯片包括处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口和所述处理器耦合，所述处理器用于运行程序或指令，实现如第一方面所述的方法。
第八方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品被存储在存储介质中，所述计算机程序产品被至少一个处理器执行以实现如第一方面所述的方法的步骤。
第九方面，提供了一种通信设备，被配置为执行如第一方面所述的方法。
在本申请实施例中，将非满速率复数域正交码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块，一方面基于非满速率复数域正交码本，通过降低速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，降低接收端的处理复杂度，避免通信性能会恶化；另一方面，基于NSTBC码本在保证分集增益的同时能够减少部分天线上的负载阻抗个数或种类，并且有效降低检测错误概率。
附图说明
图1a是反向散射通信发射端的结构示意图；
图1b是Alamouti空时分组码分集传输示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的编码方法的流程示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的编码装置的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的终端的结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的网络侧设备的结构示意图。。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的术语在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施，且“第一”、“第二”所区别的对象通常为一类，并不限定对象的个数，例如第一对象可以是一个，也可以是多个。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
值得指出的是，本申请实施例所描述的技术不限于长期演进型(Long Term Evolution，LTE)/LTE的演进(LTE-Advanced，LTE-A)系统，还可用于其他无线通信系统，诸如码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)、时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access，TDMA)、频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access，FDMA)、正交频分多址(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access，OFDMA)、单载波频分多址(Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access，SC-FDMA)和其他系统。本申请实施例中的术语“系统”和“网络”常被可互换地使用，所描述的技术既可用于以上提及的系统和无线电技术，也可用于其他系统和无线电技术。以下描述出于示例目的描述了新空口(New Radio，NR)系统，并且在以下大部分描述中使用NR术语，但是这些技术也可应用于NR系统应用以外的应用，如第6代(6th Generation，6G)通信系统。
本申请实施例中，编码端可以部署在发送设备上，例如可以是终端或网络侧设备。其中，终端可以是手机、平板电脑(Tablet Personal Computer，TPC)、膝上型电脑(Laptop Computer，LC)或称为笔记本电脑、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、掌上电脑、上网本、超级移动个人计算机(Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer，UMPC)、移动上网装置(Mobile Internet Device，MID)、增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)/虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)设备、机器人、可穿戴式设备(Wearable Device，WD)、车载设备(Vehicle User Equipment，VUE)、行人终端(Pedestrian User Equipment，PUE)、智能家居(具有无线通信功能的家居设备，如冰箱、电视、洗衣机或者家具等)、游戏机、个人计算机(Personal Computer，PC)、柜员机或者自助机等终端侧设备，可穿戴式设备包括：智能手表、智能手环、智能耳机、智能眼镜、智能首饰(智能手镯、智能手链、智能戒指、智能项链、智能脚镯、智能脚链等)、智能腕带、智能服装等。需要说明的是，在本申请实施例并不限定终端的具体类型。网络侧设备可以包括接入网设备或核心网设备，其中，接入网设备也可以称为无线接入网设备、无线接入网(Radio Access Network,RAN)、无线接入网功能或无线接入网单元。接入网设备可以包括基站、无线局域网络(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)接入点或无线保真(Wireless Fidelity，WiFi)节点等，基站可被称为节点B、演进节点B(eNB)、接入点、基收发机站(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)、无线 电基站、无线电收发机、基本服务集(Basic Service Set，BSS)、扩展服务集(Extended Service Set，ESS)、家用B节点、家用演进型B节点、发送接收点(Transmitting Receiving Point，TRP)或所述领域中其他某个合适的术语，只要达到相同的技术效果，所述基站不限于特定技术词汇，需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中仅以NR系统中的基站为例进行介绍，并不限定基站的具体类型。核心网设备可以包含但不限于如下至少一项：核心网节点、核心网功能、移动管理实体(Mobility Management Entity，MME)、接入移动管理功能(Access and Mobility Management Function，AMF)、会话管理功能(Session Management Function，SMF)、用户平面功能(User Plane Function，UPF)、策略控制功能(Policy Control Function，PCF)、策略与计费规则功能单元(Policy and Charging Rules Function，PCRF)、边缘应用服务发现功能(Edge Application Server Discovery Function，EASDF)、统一数据管理(Unified Data Management，UDM)，统一数据仓储(Unified Data Repository，UDR)、归属用户服务器(Home Subscriber Server，HSS)、集中式网络配置(Centralized network configuration，CNC)、网络存储功能(Network Repository Function，NRF)，网络开放功能(Network Exposure Function，NEF)、本地NEF(Local NEF，或L-NEF)、绑定支持功能(Binding Support Function，BSF)、应用功能(Application Function，AF)等。需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中仅以NR系统中的核心网设备为例进行介绍，并不限定核心网设备的具体类型。
为更好理解本申请的技术方案，首先对以下内容进行介绍：
未来的6G通信网络需要支持海量的万物互联，其中物联网设备数量将达到千亿级别，其连接密度相比5G提升了10-100倍，达到10-100个/m2的连接密度。海量的物联网设备对成本和功耗都提出了新的挑战。蜂窝网络化、低成本、低功耗甚至零功耗无源化是未来物联网设备发展的主要趋势。传统的无源终端受限于其功耗与硬件能力，其通信传输距离大多在10米以下，远远达不到蜂窝化百米覆盖范围的目标。因此，如何有效的提高无源终端的通信距离成为该技术蜂窝网络化后需要解决的难点。
反向散射通信(Backscatter Communication,BSC)
反向散射通信是指反向散射通信设备利用其它设备或者环境中的射频信号进行信号调制来传输自己信息。其调制电路如图1a所示，反向散射通信设备通过调节其内部阻抗来控制电路的反射系数Γ，从而改变入射信号的幅度、频率、相位等，实现信号的调制。其中信号的反射系数可表征为：
其中，Z0为天线特性阻抗，Z1是负载阻抗，j表示复数，θT表示相位。假设入射信号为Sin(t)，则输出信号为因此，通过合理的控制反射系数可实现对应的幅度调制、频率调制或相位调制。基于此，反向散射通信设备，可以是传统射频识别标识(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)中的Tag，或者是无源或半无源物联网(Passive/Semi-passive Internet of Things，IoT)。为了方便，这里统称为BSC用户设备(User Equipment，UE)。
满速率正交空时分组码(Orthogonal Space Time Block Code,OSTBC)
空时分组码(Space Time Block Code，STBC)被广泛应用在蜂窝通信和无线局域网中。STBC通过在空间和时间域引入信号冗余，通过合理的构造分组编码传输矩阵，在不增加带宽的情况下来获得分集增益和天线增益。
OSTBC是一种特殊的线性STBC，其线性空时分组码S满足如下单一条件：
其中，I表示维度为M的单位矩阵，i表示M维的第i个元素，si是对角线元素，S中的第i行元素表示在M个时刻内在第i根发送天线上传输的符号，S中的第j列元素表示在nt根天线上在第j个时刻上传输的符号。满足如上公式的传输矩阵S中的每一列都是互相正交的，这就意味着，不同天线上的发送信号序列也是正交的，从而保证STBC能够在同一时间获得满分集增益。其对应的解码端只需要进行简单的最大比合并(Maximal ratio combining，MRC)就能够顺序的解耦不同天线上的发送符号，并通过最大似然检测(Maximum likelihood，ML)算法进行检测和估计。
Alamouti码是最具有代表性的OSTBC码，并且能够获得满分集和满速率增益。如图1b所示为Alamouti码的原理框图，在给定的符号周期内，两个符号同时在两根天线上发送。假设在当前符号周期，天线1上发送的符号记为s1，而在天线2上发送的符号记为s2。但是在下一个符号周期，天线1上发送的符号为而在天线2上发送的符号为从而构成如下空时分组码矩阵：
假设两根发送天线到接收天线上的信道分别表示为h1,h2，并且在两个相邻的符号周期内满足时不变特性，即：

则在两个符号周期上，接收天线上的接收信号为：
r1＝r(t)＝h1s1+h2s2+n1；
其中，n1,n2表示接收噪声和信号干扰。解码端按照如下准则进行合并接收：

将接收信号r1,r2代入，可得：

最后通过ML检测器就可以估计出信号s1,s2。
除了典型的Alamouti分组码之外，典型的两天线OSTBC码的码本如表2所示。
表2

此外，除了二维复数域正交空时分组码之外，还有很多实数域的正交空时分组码，并且不受码本维度的限制。典型的几个实数域正交空时分组码如下所示：

由于正交码本保证了接收信号只是发送信号经过噪声后的线性叠加，因为接收端只需要简单的线性处理就可以实现最大似然估计的效果。更进一步，差分空时分组编码也要求码本是正交的。但可惜的是，到目前为主，复数域满速率正交码本只存在维度N＝2，实数域满速率码本只存在于维度N＝2，4，8。
满速率准正交空时分组编码(Quasi-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code,QSTBC)
虽然OSTBC能够同时获得满分集增益和满速率传输，但遗憾的是已被证明，当发送天线数大于2后不存在同时能够获得满分集增益和满速率的OSTBC码本。准正交空时分组编码QSTBC是一种扩展的STBC分组编码码字，这种码字中编码矩阵中的列可以分成组，每个组内的列元素不是正交的，但是不同组之间仍然保持正交性。更一般的，对于一个维度为N×N的码字矩阵S，当该矩阵满足：
其中，Q是一个稀疏矩阵，其对角线元素为1，并且至少有N2/2个零元素位于非对角线。因此对于满足上述码字矩阵的S即为QSTBC码本。QSTBC虽然不能同时获得满分集增益和满速率，单能够获得比满分集增益稍差的分集增益并且获得满速率。
目前已知的QSTBC包括Jajarkhani提出的EA类QSTBC SEA，ABBA类QSTBC SABBA,以及Papadias和Foschini提出的PF类QSTBC SPF以及这三类分组编码码字的线性变换。下面表2-3给出了典型的4天线发射分集的码本其中，表2为典型的四天线发射分集QSTBC码本，表3为典型的四天线发射分集线性变换后的QSTBC码本。
表2

表3
非满速率正交空时分组码(Non full-rate Orthogonal Space Time Block Code)
虽然复数域满速率正交码本只存在维度N＝2，实数域满速率码本只存在于维度N＝2,4,8，但是如果能够降低满速率要求，即R≠1时，此时无论是在实数域还是复数域 都存在其它正交码本。
同样以实数域码本为例，此时码本的维度可以扩展到n＝3,5,6,7。

同样的，对于非满速率复数域码本，同样可以扩展到n≥2的维度。且已被理论证明，非满速率正交码本的最大速率为n＝2m或n＝2m+1为发送天线数。几类常见的速率的码本如下所示：

速率的码本如下所示：

此外，也可以在某些空时位置上通过补零的方式来获得非满速率正交码本，如下所示：
新型空时分组编码(New Space Time Block Code,NSTBC)
近些年，随着反向散射通信研究的深入，有研究学者提出了Backscatter分集的概念及设计出相应的空时分组码编码码字。这类码字通过优化传统Alamouti码的码本来降低硬件实现的复杂度及降低检测错误概率高。
以两天线发射分集为例，即此时的码字矩阵S的维度为2×2，其编码结构为：
根据上述编码结构，假设在当前符号周期，天线1上发送的符号记为s1，而在天线2上发送的符号记为但是在下一个符号周期，天线1上发送的符号为s2，而在天线2上发送的符号为根据OSTBC码字定义，S2属于OSTBC码字，因而能够获得满分集增益与满速率传输。下面分析这类码字相比传统的Alamouti码在反向散射通信中的区别。
假设基于二进制相移键控(Binary Phase Shift Keying，BPSK)调制符号进行传输，根据反向散射通信映射原则，符号0和1与反射系数的映射规则为：
即通过控制两个相位反转的负载阻抗来表征符号0和1。因此，分集编码码字S2在两天线同时发送不同的符号的编码表为表4。作为对比，表5和表6也给出了Alamouti码字与扩展Alamouti码字的在两天线同时发送不同的符号的编码表。其中，扩展的Alamouti码字为具体而言，表4为NSTBC空时分组码两天线发射分集编码表，表5为Alamouti空时分组码两天线发射分集编码表，表6为扩展的Alamouti空时分组码两天线发射分集编码表。
表4
表5
表6
根据表4可知，基于NSTBC空时分组码设计出的码本，天线1只需要2种系数|Γ|ejθ和|Γ|ej(θ+π)；天线2也只需要两种系数|Γ|e-jθ和|Γ|e-j(θ+π)，即每根天线上只需要两种负载阻抗就可以。根据表5-6可知，基于Alamouti码字和扩展的Alamouti码字，天线1和天线2都需要4种系数|Γ|ejθ，|Γ|ej(θ+π)，|Γ|e-jθ，|Γ|e-j(θ+π)，即每根天线上需要4种负载阻抗。相同的方法可以扩展到四天线及以上场景。
满速率正交码本虽然能够获得满分集增益同时获得满速率，但该类码本到目前为主，复数域满速率正交码本只存在维度N＝2，实数域满速率码本只存在于维度N＝2,4,8。满速率准正交码本扩展了满速率正交码本的维度，尤其是在复数域该类码本可以扩展到大于维度为N≥2的场景，并且获得稍差于满分集增益的分集增益。但这类码本的问题在于，由于破坏了码本的正交性，从而使得接收端不能通过简单的线性处理就可以实现最大似然检测，增加了接收端的处理复杂度，且通信性能会恶化。非满速率正交码本通过降低频带利用率或速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，但传统的非满速率正交码本都是针对传统有源射频通信而设计的，而没有考虑类似于反向散射通信等无源终端的调制特性与实现复杂度。新型NSTBC码本虽然考虑了反向散射通信等无源终端的调制特性和实现复杂度，但现有的NSTBC码本只存在维度为N＝2的情况。
由于反向散射通信是通过改变负载阻抗来控制信号的幅度或相位，考虑反向散射通信调制电路其他因素的非理想，输出信号的幅度或相位或多或少存在误差。但只要这些信号误差在可分辨的范围之内，对于信号解调就没有什么影响。因此，如果每根天线上需要改变的负载阻抗越少，可容忍的误差就可越大，错误检测概率也就越小。而传统的满速率正交码本、满速率准正交码本、非满速率正交码本都没有考虑这些调制实现复杂度的问题。
因此，本发明方案通过结合非满速率正交码本和NSTBC码本结构，重新设计码本维度N≥2的非满速率正交码本，扩展正交码本的维度与降低调制实现复杂度的问题。
下面结合附图，通过一些实施例及其应用场景对本申请实施例提供的编码方法进行详细地说明。
参见图2，本申请实施例提供一种编码方法，该方法的执行主体为编码端，该编码端可以是终端设备或网络侧设备，方法包括：
步骤201：编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
在本申请实施例中，预设码本是将码本中的阿拉穆蒂(Alamouti)码本子块替换为新型空时分组码NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
需要说明的是，上述对数据进行空时分组码编码，可以是对待发送的原始数据进行编码处理。
在本申请实施例中，将非满速率复数域正交码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块，一方面基于非满速率复数域正交码本，通过降低速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，降低接收端的处理复杂度，避免通信性能会恶化；另一方面，基于NSTBC码本在保证分集增益的同时能够减少部分天线上的负载阻抗个数或种类，并且有效降低检测错误概率。
可选地，上述预设码本可以称之为非满速率复数域正交码本。
本申请实施例设计一种低实现复杂度的非满速率复数域正交码本，通过在传统非满速率复数域正交码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的且减少部分天线对应的阻抗匹配种类数量，从而降低系统实现复杂度，并且有效降低检测错误概率。
下面对本申请构造的非满速率复数域正交码本的特性进行介绍：
(1)在具体的实施方式中，所结合的NSTBC码本的结构为:
其中，S为NSTBC码本，S中的元素包括s12、s34、及s12为第一基础元素，s34为第二基础元素，为第一生成元素，为第二生成元素；s12、s34、及满足：
第一生成元素为第一基础元素的共轭运算结果的相反数，第二生成元素为第二基础元素的共轭运算结果；第一基础元素、第二基础元素、第一生成元素和第二生成元素为复数或块状矩阵。
具体地，在N等于2的情况下，N为发送天线数，s12、s34、及均为复数，为s34的共轭复数，为s12的共轭复数的相反数。
在具体的实施方式中，预设码本的结构为：
其中，Sc为预设码本，Sc的维度为(p×n)，n为发送天线数，p为符号周期，s1和为编码端在第1个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号，s2和为编码端在第2个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号；其中符号为符号s2的共轭，符号为符号s1的负数共轭，#为预设码本中的其它复数域符号。
本申请实施例中，将非满速率复数域码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块，保证设计出来的码本能够减少部分天线上对应的负载阻抗种类数量。
(2)在具体实施方式中，所述预设码本的列Ba,Bb满足：
所述预设码本满足：
其中a,b为整数，1≤a,b≤n且a≠b；所述为Ba的转置，为Sc的转置共轭，所述α是与所述预设码本的符号相关的系数因子。例如：
本申请实施例中，设计非满速率复数域正交码本中的其它复数域符号#，保证码本的各列之间是两两正交的，即符合一般化复数域正交码本的构造原则。
(3)在具体实施方式中，预设码本中的其它复数域符号#满足：
本申请实施例中，符号#与天线1和2在第1符号周期和第2符号周期发送的符号及该符号的共轭、负数或负数共轭不能相同。
(4)在具体实施方式中，预设码本的速率R满足：
即支持该非满速率复数域正交码本的最大速率可以达到
其中，n＝2m或n＝2m+1，n为发送天线的数量，m为大于或等于1的整数。
本方案码本构造中的特性(1)保证了设计出来的码本能够减少部分天线上对应的阻抗匹配种类数量，从而降低硬件实现复杂度与检测错误概率；码本构造特性(2)保证了设计出的码本是正交的，从而接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法；码本构造特性(3)保证了该码本的最大速率可以达到n＝2m或n＝2m+1为发送天线数。
下面介绍几个非满速率复数域正交码本的具体实施示例：
示例一：速率n＝3，码本结构1，需要说明的是，这里给出的情况是n＝3的场景，其中，速率R是小于或等于最大速率的。
当速率为时，发送天线n＝3时，本方案设计的码本在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的，并且天线对应的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
示例二：速率n＝3，码本结构2；
当速率为时，发送天线n＝3时，本方案设计的码本在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的，并且天线对应的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
示例三：速率n＝3，码本结构3；
当速率为时，发送天线n＝3时，本方案设计的码本同样是在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的且天线上对应的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
示例四：速率n＝3，码本结构4；
当速率为时，发送天线n＝3时，本方案设计的码本同样是在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的且天线上对应的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
示例五：速率n＝4，码本结构1；
当速率为时，发送天线n＝4时，本方案设计的码本是在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的且天线上的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
示例六：速率n＝4，码本结构2；
当速率为时，发送天线n＝4时，本方案设计的码本同样是在传统码本的基础上进行码本结构的重新设计，即在码本结构中利用NSTBC码本替换Alamouti码本，同时保证设计出来的码本的各列之间是两两正交的且天线上的阻抗匹配种类数量少。由于码本各列之间是两两正交的，因而符合一般化的复数域正交码本的构造原则，从而保证了接收端只需要通过简单的线性合并处理就可以实现最大似然检测算法。
本申请实施例提供的编码方法，执行主体可以为编码装置。本申请实施例中以编码装置执行编码的方法为例，说明本申请实施例提供的编码装置。
参见图3，本申请实施例提供一种编码装置，包括：
编码模块，用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
在具体实施方式中，NSTBC码本的结构为:
其中，所述S为NSTBC码本，所述S中的元素包括s12、s34、及s12为所述第 一基础元素，s34为所述第二基础元素，为所述第一生成元素，为所述第二生成元素；所述s12、s34、及满足：
在所述N等于2的情况下，所述N为发送天线数，所述s12、s34、及均为复数，为s34的共轭复数，为s12的共轭复数的相反数。
在具体实施方式中，所述预设码本的结构为：
其中，所述Sc为所述预设码本，所述Sc的维度为(p×n)，所述n为发送天线数，所述p为符号周期，所述s1和为所述编码端在第1个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号，s2和为所述编码端在第2个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号；其中符号为符号s2的共轭，符号为符号s1的负数共轭，所述#为所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号。
在具体实施方式中，所述预设码本的列Ba,Bb满足：
所述预设码本满足：
其中a,b为整数，1≤a,b≤n且a≠b；所述为Ba的转置，为Sc的转置共轭，所述α是与所述预设码本的符号相关的系数因子。例如：
在具体实施方式中，所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号#满足：
在具体实施方式中，所述预设码本的速率R满足：
其中，n＝2m或n＝2m+1，所述n为发送天线的数量，所述m为大于或等于1的整数。
在具体实施方式中，在所述所述n＝3的情况下，
所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
在具体实施方式中，在所述所述n＝4的情况下，
所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
在本申请实施例中，将非满速率复数域正交码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块，一方面基于非满速率复数域正交码本，通过降低速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，降低接收端的处理复杂度，避免通信性能会恶化；另一方面，基于NSTBC码本在保证分集增益的同时能够减少部分天线上的负载阻抗个数或种类，并且有效降低检测错误概率。
本申请实施例中的编码装置可以是电子设备，例如具有操作系统的电子设备，也可以 是电子设备中的部件，例如集成电路或芯片。该电子设备可以是终端，也可以为除终端之外的其他设备。示例性的，终端可以包括但不限于上述所列举的终端的类型，其他设备可以为服务器、网络附属存储器(Network Attached Storage，NAS)等，本申请实施例不作具体限定。
本申请实施例提供的编码装置能够实现图2的方法实施例实现的各个过程，并达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
可选地，如图4所示，本申请实施例还提供一种通信设备400，包括处理器401和存储器402，存储器402上存储有可在所述处理器401上运行的程序或指令，例如，该通信设备400为终端时，该程序或指令被处理器401执行时实现上述编码方法实施例的各个步骤，且能达到相同的技术效果。该通信设备400为网络侧设备时，该程序或指令被处理器401执行时实现上述编码方法实施例的各个步骤，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种编码端，包括处理器和通信接口，处理器用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
具体地，针对编码端是终端的情况，图5为实现本申请实施例的一种终端的硬件结构示意图。
该终端500包括但不限于：射频单元501、网络模块502、音频输出单元503、输入单元504、传感器505、显示单元506、用户输入单元507、接口单元508、存储器509以及处理器510等中的至少部分部件。
本领域技术人员可以理解，终端500还可以包括给各个部件供电的电源(比如电池)，电源可以通过电源管理系统与处理器510逻辑相连，从而通过电源管理系统实现管理充电、放电、以及功耗管理等功能。图5中示出的终端结构并不构成对终端的限定，终端可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置，在此不再赘述。
应理解的是，本申请实施例中，输入单元504可以包括图形处理单元(Graphics Processing Unit，GPU)5041和麦克风5042，图形处理器5041对在视频捕获模式或图像捕获模式中由图像捕获装置(如摄像头)获得的静态图片或视频的图像数据进行处理。显示单元506可包括显示面板5061，可以采用液晶显示器、有机发光二极管等形式来配置显示面板5061。用户输入单元507包括触控面板5071以及其他输入设备5072中的至少一种。触控面板5071，也称为触摸屏。触控面板5071可包括触摸检测装置和触摸控制器两个部分。其他输入设备5072可以包括但不限于物理键盘、功能键(比如音量控制按键、开关按键等)、轨迹球、鼠标、操作杆，在此不再赘述。
本申请实施例中，射频单元501接收来自网络侧设备的下行数据后，可以传输给处理器510进行处理；另外，射频单元501可以向网络侧设备发送上行数据。通常，射频单元 501包括但不限于天线、放大器、收发信机、耦合器、低噪声放大器、双工器等。
存储器509可用于存储软件程序或指令以及各种数据。存储器509可主要包括存储程序或指令的第一存储区和存储数据的第二存储区，其中，第一存储区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需的应用程序或指令(比如声音播放功能、图像播放功能等)等。此外，存储器59可以包括易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或者，存储器509可以包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDRSDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synch link DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DRRAM)。本申请实施例中的存储器509包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
处理器510可包括一个或多个处理单元；可选地，处理器510集成应用处理器和调制解调处理器，其中，应用处理器主要处理涉及操作系统、用户界面和应用程序等的操作，调制解调处理器主要处理无线通信信号，如基带处理器。可以理解的是，上述调制解调处理器也可以不集成到处理器510中。
其中，处理器510，用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
在本申请实施例中，将非满速率复数域正交码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块，一方面基于非满速率复数域正交码本，通过降低速率要求，保证了码本的正交性，降低接收端的处理复杂度，避免通信性能会恶化；另一方面，基于NSTBC码本在保证分集增益的同时能够减少部分天线上的负载阻抗个数或种类，并且有效降低检测错误概率。
具体地，NSTBC码本的结构为:
其中，所述S为NSTBC码本，所述S中的元素包括s12、s34、及s12为所述第一基础元素，s34为所述第二基础元素，为所述第一生成元素，为所述第二生成元素；所述s12、s34、及满足：
在所述N等于2的情况下，所述N为发送天线数，所述s12、s34、及均为复数，为s34的共轭复数，为s12的共轭复数的相反数。
具体地，所述预设码本的结构为：
其中，所述Sc为所述预设码本，所述Sc的维度为(p×n)，所述n为发送天线数，所述p为符号周期，所述s1和为所述编码端在第1个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号，s2和为所述编码端在第2个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号；其中符号为符号s2的共轭，符号为符号s1的负数共轭，所述#为所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号。
具体地，所述预设码本的列Ba,Bb满足：
所述预设码本满足：
其中a,b为整数，1≤a,b≤n且a≠b；所述为Ba的转置，为Sc的转置共轭，所述α是与所述预设码本的符号相关的系数因子。
具体地，所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号#满足：
具体地，所述预设码本的速率R满足：
其中，n＝2m或n＝2m+1，所述n为发送天线的数量，所述m为大于或等于1的整数。
具体地，在所述所述n＝3的情况下，
所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
具体地，在所述所述n＝4的情况下，
所述预设码本的结构为：
或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
具体地，针对编码端是网络侧设备的情况，如图6所示，该网络侧设备600包括：天线61、射频装置62、基带装置63、处理器64和存储器65。天线61与射频装置62连接。在上行方向上，射频装置62通过天线61接收信息，将接收的信息发送给基带装置63进行处理。在下行方向上，基带装置63对要发送的信息进行处理，并发送给射频装置62，射频装置62对收到的信息进行处理后经过天线61发送出去。
以上方法实施例中的方法可以在基带装置63中实现，该基带装置63包括基带处理器。
基带装置63例如可以包括至少一个基带板，该基带板上设置有多个芯片，如图6所示，其中一个芯片例如为基带处理器，通过总线接口与存储器65连接，以调用存储器65中的程序，执行以上方法实施例中所示的网络设备操作。
该网络侧设备还可以包括网络接口66，该接口例如为通用公共无线接口(Common Public Radio Interface，CPRI)。
具体地，本发明实施例的网络侧设备600还包括：存储在存储器65上并可在处理器64上运行的指令或程序，处理器64调用存储器65中的指令或程序执行图3所示各模块 执行的方法，并达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，故不在此赘述。
本申请实施例还提供一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储有程序或指令，该程序或指令被处理器执行时实现上述编码方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
其中，所述处理器为上述实施例中所述的终端中的处理器。所述可读存储介质，包括计算机可读存储介质，如计算机只读存储器ROM、随机存取存储器RAM、磁碟或者光盘等。
本申请实施例另提供了一种芯片，所述芯片包括处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口和所述处理器耦合，所述处理器用于运行程序或指令，实现上述编码方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。应理解，本申请实施例提到的芯片还可以称为系统级芯片，系统芯片，芯片系统或片上系统芯片等。
本申请实施例另提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品被存储在存储介质中，所述计算机程序产品被至少一个处理器执行以实现上述编码方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信设备，被配置为执行上述编码方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本文中，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。此外，需要指出的是，本申请实施方式中的方法和装置的范围不限按示出或讨论的顺序来执行功能，还可包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序来执行功能，例如，可以按不同于所描述的次序来执行所描述的方法，并且还可以添加、省去、或组合各种步骤。另外，参照某些示例所描述的特征可在其他示例中被组合。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到上述实施例方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以计算机软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台终端(可以是手机，计算机，服务器，空调器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述的方法。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形 式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种编码方法，包括：
    编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
    其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的阿拉穆蒂Alamouti码本子块替换为新型空时分组码NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，NSTBC码本的结构为:
    其中，所述S为NSTBC码本，所述S中的元素包括s12、s34、及s12为所述第一基础元素，s34为所述第二基础元素，为所述第一生成元素，为所述第二生成元素；所述s12、s34、及满足：
    在所述N等于2的情况下，所述N为发送天线数，所述s12、s34、及均为复数，为s34的共轭复数，为s12的共轭复数的相反数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述预设码本的结构为：
    其中，所述Sc为所述预设码本，所述Sc的维度为(p×n)，所述n为发送天线数，所述p为符号周期，所述s1和为所述编码端在第1个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号，s2和为所述编码端在第2个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号；其中符号为符号s2的共轭，符号为符号s1的负数共轭，所述#为所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述预设码本的列Ba,Bb满足：
    所述预设码本满足：
    其中a,b为整数，1≤a,b≤n且a≠b；所述为Ba的转置，为Sc的转置共轭，所述α是与所述预设码本的符号相关的系数因子。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号#满足：
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述预设码本的速率R满足：
    其中，n＝2m或n＝2m+1，所述n为发送天线的数量，所述m为大于或等于1的整数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在所述所述n＝3的情况下，
    所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在所述所述n＝4的情况下，
    所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
  9. 一种编码装置，包括：
    编码模块，用于编码端根据预设码本对数据进行空时分组码编码；
    其中，所述预设码本是将码本中的Alamouti码本子块替换为NSTBC码本子块的非满速率复数域正交码本，且所述预设码本的各列之间两两正交。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，NSTBC码本的结构为:
    其中，所述S为NSTBC码本，所述S中的元素包括s12、s34、及s12为所述第一基础元素，s34为所述第二基础元素，为所述第一生成元素，为所述第二生成元素；所述s12、s34、及满足：
    在所述N等于2的情况下，所述N为发送天线数，所述s12、s34、及均为复数，为s34的共轭复数，为s12的共轭复数的相反数。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其中，所述预设码本的结构为：
    其中，所述Sc为所述预设码本，所述Sc的维度为(p×n)，所述n为发送天线数，所述p为符号周期，所述s1和为所述编码端在第1个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号，s2和为所述编码端在第2个符号周期编码得到的第一发送天线与第二发送天线上的发送符号；其中符号为符号s2的共轭，符号为符号s1的负数共轭，所述#为所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述预设码本的列Ba,Bb满足：
    所述预设码本满足：
    其中a,b为整数，1≤a,b≤n且a≠b；所述为Ba的转置，为Sc的转置共轭，所述α是与所述预设码本的符号相关的系数因子。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述预设码本中的其它复数域符号#满足：
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述预设码本的速率R满足：
    其中，n＝2m或n＝2m+1，所述n为发送天线的数量，所述m为大于或等于1的整数。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，在所述所述n＝3的情况下，
    所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，其中，在所述所述n＝4的情况下，
    所述预设码本的结构为：
    或者，所述预设码本的结构为：
  17. 一种终端，包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器存储可在所述处理器上运行的程序 或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
  18. 一种网络侧设备，包括处理器和存储器，所述存储器存储可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
  19. 一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
  20. 一种芯片，包括处理器和通信接口，其中，所述通信接口和所述处理器耦合，所述处理器用于运行程序或指令，实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
  21. 一种计算机程序产品，其中，所述程序产品被存储在非易失的存储介质中，所述程序产品被至少一个处理器执行以实现如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
  22. 一种通信设备，其中，所述通信设备用于执行如权利要求1至8任一项所述的编码方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2023/072301 2022-01-20 2023-01-16 编码方法、设备及可读存储介质 WO2023138523A1 (zh)

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