WO2023106016A1 - ウェハ製造方法 - Google Patents
ウェハ製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023106016A1 WO2023106016A1 PCT/JP2022/041569 JP2022041569W WO2023106016A1 WO 2023106016 A1 WO2023106016 A1 WO 2023106016A1 JP 2022041569 W JP2022041569 W JP 2022041569W WO 2023106016 A1 WO2023106016 A1 WO 2023106016A1
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- ingot
- wafer
- top surface
- peeling
- irradiation
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0853—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/20—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
- B24B7/22—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground for grinding inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0011—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing with preliminary treatment, e.g. weakening by scoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0005—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by breaking, e.g. dicing
- B28D5/0052—Means for supporting or holding work during breaking
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a wafer manufacturing method.
- Patent Document 1 provides a wafer production method that can efficiently produce wafers from ingots.
- the wafer production method described in Patent Document 1 includes a separation starting point forming step and a wafer peeling step.
- the separation starting point forming step the focusing point of the laser beam having a wavelength that is transparent to the hexagonal single crystal ingot is positioned at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer to be generated from the surface, and the focusing point and the ingot are separated.
- the surface is irradiated with a laser beam while moving relatively.
- a modified layer parallel to the surface and a crack extending along the C-plane from this modified layer are formed to form separation starting points.
- the hexagonal single crystal ingot having the separation starting point formed thereon is immersed in water and ultrasonic vibration is applied to peel the plate-like object from the hexagonal single crystal ingot.
- a wafer manufacturing method is a method of obtaining wafers from an ingot, comprising: Delamination layer formation of forming a delamination layer at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer from the surface by irradiating a surface on one end side of the ingot in the height direction with a laser beam having transparency; wafer peeling, wherein the wafer precursor, which is a portion between the surface and the peeling layer, is peeled from the ingot at the peeling layer; wafer flattening for flattening the main surface of the plate-shaped peeled body obtained by the wafer peeling; including The c-axis of the ingot is provided in a state in which the central axis perpendicular to the surface is inclined in the off-angle direction by an off-angle exceeding 0 degrees, The wafer peeling is performed by applying a load in one direction at one end of the ingot in the off-angle direction.
- this wafer manufacturing method first, by irradiating the surface of the ingot on the one end side in the height direction with the laser beam having transparency, a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer from the surface is irradiated. Then, the release layer is formed. Next, the wafer precursor, which is the portion between the surface of the ingot and the release layer, is released from the ingot at the release layer. Subsequently, the wafer is obtained by flattening the main surface of the plate-shaped peeled body obtained by peeling the wafer precursor from the ingot.
- this wafer manufacturing method in order to separate the wafer precursor from the ingot by the separation layer, a load is applied in one direction at the one end of the ingot in the off-angle direction. That is, the load is concentrated on one end of the release layer in the off-angle direction. Then, delamination progresses starting from a crack formed at the end of the ingot on the one end side in the off-angle direction. As a result, it is possible to stably cause the fracture to progress over the entire surface of the peeling layer while reducing the applied load, and to reduce the surface roughness after peeling by stably setting the fracture occurrence location. It becomes possible. For this reason, the defect rate in peeling and the processing allowance in grinding and polishing after peeling can be favorably reduced. Therefore, according to such a wafer manufacturing method, it is possible to provide a wafer manufacturing method with higher manufacturing efficiency than conventional ones.
- each element may be given a reference sign with parentheses.
- the reference numerals indicate only one example of the corresponding relationship between the same element and the specific configuration described in the embodiment described later. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited in any way by the description of the reference numerals.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing schematic configurations of a wafer, an ingot, and a separation body in a wafer manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1A to 1D are process diagrams showing an outline of a wafer manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an ingot that has undergone a peeling layer forming step shown in FIG. 2
- 3B is a plan view of the ingot shown in FIG. 3A
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing a release layer forming step shown in FIG. 2 and a release layer forming apparatus used therein
- FIG. 3 is a front view schematically showing a release layer forming step shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged plan view showing an outline of a release layer forming step shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B;
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view showing the outline of the release layer forming process shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B near the focal point;
- FIG. 4C is a plan view schematically showing a release layer forming step shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B;
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the laser beams shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B near a focal point;
- FIG. 4B is a side view schematically showing the release layer forming step shown in FIG. 4A; It is a side view which shows the outline of the peeling layer formation process in another example.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged plan view showing an outline of a release layer forming step shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B;
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view showing the outline of the release layer forming process shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B near the focal point;
- FIG. 4B is a side view schematically showing the release layer forming step shown in FIG. 4A;
- FIG. 4B is a side view schematically showing the release layer forming step shown in FIG. 4A;
- FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing the wafer peeling process shown in FIG. 2 and a peeling apparatus used therein; It is a figure which shows the peeling apparatus which concerns on a modification, and the outline of the wafer peeling process using the same. It is a partial side sectional view for explaining the outline of the wafer exfoliation process concerning a modification. It is process drawing which shows the outline of the wafer peeling process which concerns on a modification. It is a side view which shows the outline of the wafer peeling process which concerns on a modification.
- a wafer 1 manufactured by the wafer manufacturing method according to the present embodiment is obtained by slicing an ingot 2 having a substantially cylindrical shape in side view, and having a substantially circular shape in plan view. It is formed in a thin plate shape. That is, the wafer 1 and the ingot 2 have substantially cylindrical side surfaces or end surfaces surrounding the central axis L. As shown in FIG. A central axis L is an imaginary straight line that is parallel to the substantially cylindrical side or end face of the wafer 1 or ingot 2 and passes through the axial center of the wafer 1 or ingot 2 . From the viewpoint of simplification of illustration and explanation, the illustration and explanation of the so-called orientation flat which is usually provided on the wafer 1 and the ingot 2 are omitted in this specification.
- the ingot 2 is a single-crystal SiC ingot having a c-axis Lc and a (0001) plane Pc perpendicular to each other, and has an off angle ⁇ exceeding 0 degrees.
- the c-axis Lc is the crystallographic axis indicated as [0001] by the orientation index.
- the (0001) plane Pc is a crystal plane that is perpendicular to the c-axis Lc and is called a “C plane” in a strict crystallographic sense.
- the off angle ⁇ is an angle between the central axis L of the wafer 1 or ingot 2 and the c-axis Lc, and is, for example, about 1 to 4 degrees.
- the c-axis Lc of the wafer 1 and the ingot 2 is provided in a state in which the central axis L is inclined in the off-angle direction D ⁇ by an off-angle ⁇ exceeding 0 degrees.
- the off-angle direction D ⁇ is the laser-irradiated surface of the wafer 1 or ingot 2 (that is, the upper surface or It is a direction obtained by mapping the movement direction of a point on the center axis L located on the top surface side to the laser irradiation surface.
- right-handed XYZ coordinates are set as shown in FIG.
- the off-angle direction D ⁇ and the X-axis positive direction are assumed to be the same direction.
- the X-axis and the Y-axis are assumed to be parallel to the main surfaces of the wafer 1 and the ingot 2 .
- a "principal surface” is a surface of a plate-like object perpendicular to the plate thickness direction, and may also be referred to as a "top surface", a "bottom surface", or a "plate surface”.
- the “principal surface” is a surface perpendicular to the height direction of a columnar object such as the ingot 2, and can also be called a “top surface” or a “bottom surface”.
- the top surface and bottom surface may be referred to as “upper surface” or “lower surface” when the position or orientation in the vertical direction, that is, the direction of gravity action matters.
- the term “upper surface” refers to the upper surface when a pair of main surfaces facing in opposite directions are arranged in the vertical direction.
- the “lower surface” is the surface opposite to the "upper surface”, and refers to the lower surface when a pair of main surfaces facing in opposite directions are aligned in the vertical direction.
- the thickness direction of the wafer 1 and the height direction of the ingot 2 are parallel to the Z-axis.
- An arbitrary direction orthogonal to the Z-axis may be hereinafter referred to as an “in-plane direction”.
- the wafer 1 has a wafer C surface 11 and a wafer Si surface 12 which are a pair of main surfaces.
- the wafer 1 is formed such that the wafer C surface 11, which is the top surface, is inclined at an off angle ⁇ with respect to the (0001) plane Pc.
- the ingot 2 has a substantially cylindrical ingot side surface 20 and an ingot C surface 21 and an ingot Si surface 22 which are a pair of main surfaces. The ingot 2 is formed such that the ingot C surface 21, which is the top surface, is inclined at an off angle ⁇ with respect to the (0001) plane Pc.
- one end of the ingot 2 in the off-angle direction D ⁇ that is, the upstream end is referred to as a first end 23
- the other end, that is, the downstream end is referred to as a second end 24 .
- the direction in which the wafer C-side 11 and the ingot C-side 21 face is shown as the Z-axis positive direction.
- the ingot 2 has a facet region RF.
- Facet region RF may also be referred to as a "facet portion”.
- a portion of the ingot 2 other than the facet region RF is hereinafter referred to as a non-facet region RN.
- the non-facet region RN may also be referred to as a "non-facet portion”.
- the wafer manufacturing method according to this embodiment is a method for obtaining wafers 1 from ingots 2, and includes the following steps.
- peeling layer forming step A laser beam having a predetermined degree of transparency to the ingot 2 is irradiated to the ingot C surface 21, which is the main surface on one end side in the height direction of the ingot 2.
- a release layer 25 is formed at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 1 from the surface 21 .
- the “predetermined level of transparency” is a level of transparency that enables formation of a focal point of the laser beam at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 1 inside the ingot 2 .
- the "depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 1" is the thickness of the finished wafer 1 (that is, the target value of the thickness) plus the thickness corresponding to the predetermined processing allowance in the wafer flattening process, etc., which will be described later. , and may also be referred to as "a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 1".
- Wafer peeling process The wafer precursor 26 between the ingot C surface 21 , which is the laser irradiation surface, and the peeling layer 25 is peeled from the ingot 2 at the peeling layer 25 .
- the plate-like object obtained by peeling the wafer precursor 26 from the ingot 2 may be called a "wafer” in socially accepted terms.
- a plate-like object is hereinafter referred to as a "separate body 30".
- the peeling body 30 has a non-peeling surface 31 and a peeling surface 32, which are a pair of main surfaces.
- the non-peeling surface 31 is a surface on which the peeling layer 25 was not formed before the wafer peeling process, and corresponds to the ingot C surface 21 before the peeling layer forming process and the wafer peeling process.
- the peeling surface 32 constitutes the peeling layer 25 before the wafer peeling process, and is a surface newly generated by the wafer peeling process.
- the peeling surface 32 has rough (that is, grinding or polishing required) irregularities resulting from the peeling of the peeling layer 25 and the wafer peeling process.
- Wafer flattening step At least the peeled surface 32 of the non-peeled surface 31 and the peeled surface 32, which are the main surfaces of the peeled body 30, is flattened to obtain the final wafer 1 after manufacturing.
- ECMG and ECMP can be used in addition to general grindstone polishing and CMP.
- CMP is an abbreviation for Chemical Mechanical Polishing.
- ECMG is an abbreviation for Electro-Chemical Mechanical Grinding.
- ECMP is an abbreviation for Electro-Chemical Mechanical Polishing.
- the wafer flattening process can be performed by using these plural types of flattening processes singly or by appropriately combining them.
- Ingot flattening step After peeling the wafer precursor 26, the newly formed top surface of the ingot 2, ie, the ingot C-face 21, is flattened, i.e., Mirror. Also in the ingot flattening process, ECMG and ECMP can be used in addition to general grindstone polishing and CMP. The ingot flattening process can also be performed by using these plural types of flattening processes singly or by appropriately combining them.
- FIG. 2 is a process chart showing a typical example embodying the wafer manufacturing method according to the present embodiment.
- the separated body 30 separated from the ingot 2 through the separation layer forming process and the wafer separation process is finished as an epi-ready wafer 1 through the following processes. ⁇ Rough grinding of the peeled surface 32 to be the wafer Si surface 12 ⁇ ECMG grinding of the peeled surface 32 after rough grinding ⁇ ECMP polishing and cleaning of the peeled surface 32 after ECMG grinding
- the ingot 2 remaining after the separation body 30 is separated from the ingot 2 through the separation layer forming process and the wafer separation process can be subjected to another separation layer forming process through the following processes. ⁇ Rough grinding of the ingot C-side 21 newly generated by the wafer peeling process/finish grinding/cleaning of the ingot C-side 21 after rough grinding
- (Peeling layer forming step) 3A and 3B show the schematic configuration of the ingot 2 in which the release layer 25 and the wafer precursor 26 are formed by the release layer forming step.
- 4A and 4B show an outline of the peeling layer forming process and a schematic configuration of the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 used in this process. It is assumed that the right-handed XYZ coordinates shown in FIGS. 3A to 4B are displayed so as to match the right-handed XYZ coordinates shown in FIG.
- the separation layer 25 is formed by forming a plurality of scanning lines Ls, which are linear laser beam irradiation traces along the X-axis, in the Y-axis direction.
- the scanning line Ls is a line-shaped irradiation mark RM of the laser beam on the ingot 2 .
- the scanning line Ls is provided along the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- a plurality of scanning lines Ls are arranged in the line feed direction Df.
- the line feed direction Df is an in-plane direction orthogonal to the off-angle direction D ⁇ . That is, the line feed direction Df is a direction perpendicular to the off-angle direction D ⁇ and the height direction of the ingot 2 .
- the release layer forming device 40 includes a chuck table 41 and a light collecting device 42.
- the chuck table 41 is configured to hold the ingot 2 on the ingot Si surface 22 side, which is the bottom surface thereof.
- the chuck table 41 has a suction mechanism or the like that suctions the ingot Si surface 22 by air pressure or the like.
- the light condensing device 42 is provided so as to irradiate the ingot 2 as a workpiece with a laser beam B oscillated by a pulsed laser oscillator (not shown).
- the focusing device 42 is configured to form a focusing point BP of the laser beam B inside the ingot 2 at a depth corresponding to the thickness of the wafer 1 from the ingot C surface 21 . . That is, the light collecting device 42 is provided so as to irradiate the ingot 2 with the laser beam B from the ingot C surface 21 side, which is the top surface of the ingot 2 .
- the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 is configured so that the focal point BP of the laser beam B can be moved relative to the ingot 2 at least in the in-plane direction, that is, in the XY directions in the figure.
- the “in-plane direction” referred to here is a direction parallel to the ingot C surface 21 , which is the top surface of the ingot 2 .
- the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 forms scanning lines Ls along the scanning direction Ds by "laser scanning” in which the laser beam B scans the ingot C surface 21 in the scanning direction Ds (that is, the first direction). That is, “laser scanning” is to irradiate the ingot C surface 21 with the laser beam B while moving the irradiation position PR of the laser beam B on the ingot C surface 21, which is the laser irradiation surface, in the scanning direction Ds. is.
- the scanning direction Ds is a direction along the off-angle direction D ⁇ , specifically, the same direction as or opposite to the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 performs laser scanning a plurality of times while changing the position in the line feed direction Df (that is, the second direction) to form a plurality of scanning lines Ls in the line feed direction Df, thereby removing the peeling layer 25.
- Both the line feed direction Df and the scanning direction Ds are in-plane directions (that is, directions along the ingot C surface 21) and directions orthogonal to each other.
- the release layer forming apparatus 40 relatively moves the chuck table 41 on which the ingot 2 is placed in the scanning direction Ds with respect to the light collecting apparatus 42 so that the laser beam B is projected onto the surface C of the ingot.
- a scanning line Ls is formed along the scanning direction Ds.
- the release layer forming device 40 relatively moves the chuck table 41 in the line feed direction Df with respect to the light collecting device 42 by a predetermined amount.
- the release layer forming device 40 again scans the laser beam B by moving the chuck table 41 relative to the light collecting device 42 in the scanning direction Ds (that is, the same or opposite direction as the previous laser scanning). By doing so, a scanning line Ls is formed.
- the release layer forming apparatus 40 scans the laser beam B over substantially the entire width in the line feed direction Df to form a plurality of scanning lines Ls in the line feed direction Df.
- the peeling layer 25 is formed by a plurality of scanning lines Ls provided along the line feed direction Df.
- a wafer precursor 26 to be the wafer 1 in the future is formed on the ingot C surface 21 side of the separation layer 25 .
- the light collecting device 42 is fixed in the in-plane direction, while the chuck table 41 that supports the ingot 2 is moved by a scanning device such as an electric stage device (not shown). It is provided to move at least in the in-plane direction.
- the present disclosure is not limited to such aspects. That is, for example, there may be an embodiment in which the chuck table 41 that supports the ingot 2 is fixed in the in-plane direction, while the condensing device 42 is movably provided in the in-plane direction by a scanning device (not shown).
- the laser beam B and its irradiation position PR apparently move on the surface of the ingot 2 in the in-plane direction, and the laser beam B and its focal point BP move within the ingot 2 plane. It seems to move inward.
- the laser beam B and its irradiation position PR move on the surface of the ingot 2 in the in-plane direction
- the laser beam B and its focal point BP move in-plane within the ingot 2
- a plurality of laser beams B with different irradiation positions PR in the scanning direction Ds and the line feed direction Df are applied to the ingot C surface by one laser scanning.
- 21 is irradiated.
- a plurality of laser beams are arranged such that the irradiation positions PR on the ingot C surface 21 are inclined with respect to both the scanning direction Ds and the line feed direction Df in plan view.
- a beam B that is, the first beam B1, etc.
- FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 5A show an example of three laser beams B as the plurality of laser beams B.
- the plurality of laser beams B includes at least the first beam B1, the second beam B2 and the third beam B3.
- the first beam B1 is the most leading, that is, the first beam B1 is positioned closest to the scanning direction Ds.
- the third beam B3 is assumed to be the most trailing.
- the second beam B2 is positioned between the first beam B1 and the third beam B3 in the scanning direction Ds and the line feed direction Df.
- FIG. 5A shows how the first beam B1 is irradiated to the vicinity of the irradiation mark RM of the first beam B1.
- irradiation with the first beam B1 causes an irradiation affected area RA at a predetermined depth.
- the irradiation-affected region RA consists of an irradiation mark RM consisting of a modified region formed by separating SiC into Si and C by irradiation with the laser beam B, and the (0001) plane Pc from the irradiation mark RM around it. and a crack C extending along.
- the irradiation position PR of the second beam B2 may overlap at least the crack C in the irradiation affected area RA formed by the preceding first beam B1 in the in-plane direction. If the irradiation marks RM and cracks C included in the irradiation affected area RA by the preceding first beam B1 exist at the irradiation position PR of the following second beam B2, the absorption rate of the second beam B2 is changed by the irradiation affected area RA. increases. For this reason, the irradiation mark RM by the following second beam B2 is likely to occur at substantially the same depth as the depth of the irradiation affected area RA by the preceding first beam B1.
- FIG. 6 shows the trajectory of relative movement of the central position of the light collecting device 42 in the in-plane direction with respect to the ingot 2 .
- the “central position in the in-plane direction of the condensing device 42” is typically the central position in the arrangement of the multiple laser beams B, for example.
- the ingot 2 is oriented such that the facet region RF is positioned on the “lower side of the off-angle”, and the laser beam B is directed toward the ingot C surface 21 .
- the release layer forming step is performed by irradiating from the side (that is, so-called C-plane irradiation).
- the “lower off-angle side” refers to the lower inclination side of the C-plane, that is, the (0001) plane Pc when the orientation of the ingot 2 is set so that the C-plane 21 of the ingot, which is one principal plane, faces upward. shall be said.
- the “higher off-angle side” refers to the higher inclination side of the C-plane, that is, the (0001) plane Pc when the ingot 2 is oriented so that the C-plane 21 of the ingot faces upward. shall be
- the ingot 2 As will be described later, by applying a unidirectional load for peeling the wafer precursor 26 from the ingot 2 at one end of the "high off-angle side" of the ingot 2, extremely good wafer peeling is achieved.
- the ingot 2 After setting the attitude of the ingot 2 so that the facet region RF is positioned on the “higher off-angle side” and irradiating the laser beam B from the ingot Si surface 22 side (that is, so-called Si surface irradiation), the ingot 2 Consider a hypothetical example of applying a unidirectional load at one end of the "high off-angle side” of . In this respect, the edge of the ingot 2 adjacent to the facet region RF is less prone to cracking in the first place.
- the success rate of the wafer peeling process may decrease.
- the ingot 2 is oriented so that the facet region RF is positioned on the “lower off-angle side”, and after the laser beam B is irradiated from the ingot C surface 21 side, the ingot 2 is A unidirectional load is applied at one end of the “high off-angle side”.
- the separation starting position is a portion far from the facet region RF where cracks are relatively likely to occur. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the success rate of the wafer peeling process is improved.
- the laser beam B is applied to the ingot 2 so that the energy application density due to the laser beam B irradiation is higher in the facet region RF than in the non-facet region RN. Irradiate the main surface.
- the “energy application density” referred to here is the energy application density in the plane along the main surface of the ingot 2 .
- the following means can be used singly or in combination. Specifically, for example, the output of the laser beam B is made higher in the facet region RF than in the non-facet region RN.
- the main surface of the ingot 2 is irradiated with the laser beam B so that the facet region RF is irradiated with the laser beam B more frequently than the non-facet region RN.
- the repetition frequency of the laser beam B is set higher than that in the non-facet region RN, or the scanning speed is lowered while the repetition frequency is constant, and irradiation in the scanning direction Ds is performed. Close the gap.
- the output in the facet region RF is preferably about 1.5 times the output in the non-facet region RN.
- the irradiation interval in the facet region RF should be about 2/5 of the irradiation interval in the non-facet region RN. is preferred.
- the laser beam B may also irradiate a region adjacent to the facet region RF in the non-facet region RN.
- the release layer 25 can be satisfactorily formed in the entire region including the facet region RF and the non-facet region RN.
- the separation layer 25 can be formed on the facet region RF without adjusting the distance in the Z-axis direction between the focusing device 42 on the irradiation side of the laser beam B and the chuck table 41 supporting the ingot 2. , can be done similarly to the non-faceted regions RN. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to improve the manufacturing efficiency more than the conventional one.
- forward scanning Sc1 in which the irradiation position PR when irradiated with the laser beam B moves on the surface of the ingot 2 in the same direction as the off-angle direction D ⁇ ;
- a backward scan Sc2 occurs in which the irradiation position PR when the beam B is irradiated moves on the surface of the ingot 2 in the direction opposite to the off-angle direction D ⁇ . That is, in forward scanning Sc1, the scanning direction Ds is the same as the off-angle direction D ⁇ . On the other hand, in the backward scanning Sc2, the scanning direction Ds is opposite to the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- the forward scanning Sc1 and the backward scanning Sc2 are alternately performed.
- the relative position of the light collecting device 42 with respect to the ingot 2 moves by a predetermined amount in the line feed direction Df between the end of one forward scan Sc1 and the start of the next forward scan Sc1.
- the relative position of the light collecting device 42 in the line feed direction Df may move between the end of one forward scan Sc1 and the start of the backward scan Sc2 immediately thereafter. and do not need to move.
- the amount of relative movement in the line feed direction Df at each stage can be appropriately set according to the irradiation conditions of the laser beam B and the like.
- the laser beam B is irradiated over the entire width of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds. That is, in the forward scanning Sc1, the main surface of the ingot 2 is irradiated with the laser beam B while the irradiation position PR is moved on the surface of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds which is the same direction as the off-angle direction D ⁇ . , a scanning line Ls is formed between both ends of the main surface of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds.
- the laser beam B may be irradiated over the entire width of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds, or the laser beam B may not be irradiated over the entire width of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds. may Alternatively, in the backward scanning Sc2, the laser beam B may be irradiated not only on the entire width of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds but on a part thereof.
- the laser beam B may be applied only to the facet region RF and its periphery. This makes it possible to form the release layer 25 satisfactorily over the entire region including the facet region RF and the non-facet region RN.
- the laser beam B may be applied only to the end of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds.
- the irradiation position PR moves on the surface of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds, which is the opposite direction to the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- a scanning line Ls is formed.
- the laser beam B may be irradiated only to the facet region RF and its peripheral portion, and the end portion of the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds.
- the intensity of the laser beam B is increased at the peripheral edge portion outside the center portion in the beam radial direction, which is the direction radially extending from the center of the axis. intensity distribution.
- the laser beam B has a beam shape that is ring-shaped or hollow in front of the condensing point BP and converges into a point at the condensing point BP.
- the laser beam B has a condensed diameter dc, which is the minimum beam diameter.
- the intersection range RX shown in FIG. 7 is a predetermined range centered on the focal point BP in the beam axis direction, which is the irradiation direction of the laser beam B, where the peripheral edges of the laser beam B having high intensity overlap each other. .
- the release layer forming apparatus 40 irradiates the ingot 2 with the annular laser beam B.
- a ring-shaped laser beam B and an apparatus for generating such a laser beam B and irradiating it to a workpiece are already known or well-known at the time of filing of the present application (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-130691). Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-147946, etc.). For this reason, the detailed description of the generation device and generation method of the laser beam B is omitted in this specification.
- FIG. 8A shows how an irradiation affected area RA including an irradiation mark RM is formed by the annular laser beam B according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 8B shows, as another example different from the present embodiment, how an irradiation affected area RA including an irradiation mark RM is formed by a non-annular or solid laser beam B.
- FIG. 8A shows how an irradiation affected area RA including an irradiation mark RM is formed by the annular laser beam B according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 8B shows, as another example different from the present embodiment, how an irradiation affected area RA including an irradiation mark RM is formed by a non-annular or solid laser beam B.
- irradiation marks RM which are modified regions formed by separating SiC into Si and C by irradiation with the laser beam B, are formed. , may occur at different depths than the focal point BP. Therefore, the depth of the irradiation affected area RA, which is composed of the irradiation marks RM and the cracks C developed from the irradiation marks RM, can also be different from the focal point BP. Specifically, for example, at a position shallower than the focal point BP, the energy application density due to the irradiation of the laser beam B may increase to such an extent that the irradiation mark RM can be generated.
- the irradiation mark RM can occur at a position shallower than the focal point BP.
- the depth of the irradiation mark RM may vary due to variations in the irradiation energy of the laser beam B, variations in the refractive index of the ingot 2, variations in the optical system of the light collecting device 42, and the like.
- a region in which irradiation marks RM may occur is shown as a modifiable range RC in the figure. Note that the irradiation mark RM corresponds to the “modified layer” in Patent Document 1.
- the energy application density due to the irradiation of the laser beam B increases to the extent that the irradiation mark RM can be generated. Limited to the depth near the focal point BP. That is, for example, as in the case of FIG. 8B using a solid laser beam B, the energy application density due to the irradiation of the laser beam B at a position shallower than the focal point BP is such that an irradiation mark RM can be generated. It becomes difficult to get up to Therefore, the irradiation mark RM is stably generated at a depth near the focal point BP.
- the modifiable range RC is limited to a narrow depth range centered on the depth of the focal point BP. Therefore, variations in the depth of the irradiation mark RM can be suppressed satisfactorily.
- the peeling layer 25 can be formed as thin as possible, and the processing allowance in grinding and polishing after peeling can be favorably reduced. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to improve the manufacturing efficiency more than the conventional one.
- the laser scanning direction is a direction orthogonal to "the direction in which the off-angle ⁇ is formed (that is, the off-angle direction D ⁇ in FIGS. 1 and 3A, etc.)". For this reason, cleavage is not stable, and material loss increases.
- the scanning direction Ds which is the moving direction of the laser beam B inside the ingot 2
- the irradiation position PR is moved in the scanning direction Ds along the off-angle direction D ⁇ by laser scanning.
- the peeling layer forming device 40 scans the laser beam B by moving the light collecting device 42 relative to the ingot 2 in the scanning direction Ds parallel to the off-angle direction D ⁇ , thereby turning off the scanning line Ls. It is formed along the angular direction D ⁇ . Then, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, irradiation marks RM and cracks C are formed along the (0001) plane Pc. As a result, the cleavage of the peeling layer 25 during the wafer peeling process can be stabilized, and the material loss can be favorably reduced. Also, the processing allowance in the wafer flattening process can be favorably reduced, so that the process time can be shortened as much as possible. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a wafer manufacturing method with higher manufacturing efficiency than the conventional one.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which the scanning direction Ds is the same direction as the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which the scanning direction Ds is opposite to the off-angle direction D ⁇ . That is, in the example shown in FIG. 9, when the attitude of the ingot 2 is set so that the C surface 21 of the ingot faces upward as shown in FIG. , (0001) plane Pc from the high side to the low side. On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 10, when the attitude of the ingot 2 is set so that the C surface 21 of the ingot is the top surface, laser scanning causes the irradiation position PR to be a low point on the (0001) surface Pc. Move from the side to the high side.
- the current irradiation position PR usually has an irradiation affected area RA formed precedingly (for example, immediately before). Then, the absorptivity of the laser beam B increases in the irradiation affected area RA. Also, the irradiation affected area RA is formed along the (0001) plane Pc. Therefore, the laser scanning causes the irradiation mark RM to easily develop along the (0001) plane Pc.
- the irradiation mark RM is gradually formed at a deeper position by the laser scanning as it progresses in the scanning direction Ds along the (0001) plane Pc. Gradually move away from the light spot BP. Then, at a depth almost identical to that of the irradiation mark RM formed immediately before, the energy application density of the laser beam B to be irradiated this time may not be increased to the extent that a new irradiation mark RM can be generated. . In this case, the irradiation mark RM can no longer progress along the (0001) plane Pc. Then, as shown in FIG.
- a newly formed irradiation mark RM is formed at a depth near the focal point BP of the laser beam B irradiated this time. That is, a step occurs between the irradiation mark RM formed immediately before and the irradiation mark RM formed this time.
- the laser scanning causes the irradiation mark RM to be gradually formed at a shallower position as it progresses along the (0001) plane Pc in the scanning direction Ds. Gradually move away from point BP. At a depth almost identical to that of the irradiation mark RM formed immediately before, if the energy application density of the laser beam B irradiated this time is no longer increased to the extent that a new irradiation mark RM can be generated, irradiation will occur. The mark RM can no longer progress along the (0001) plane Pc. Then, as shown in FIG.
- a newly formed irradiation mark RM is formed at a depth near the focal point BP of the laser beam B irradiated this time.
- the direction in which the irradiation mark RM grows is the direction closer to the light source side of the laser beam B, that is, the irradiation surface side of the ingot 2 . Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 10, the irradiation mark RM tends to grow longer than in the example shown in FIG. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 10, the step between the previously formed irradiation mark RM and the currently formed irradiation mark RM is larger than in the example shown in FIG.
- the scanning direction Ds the same as the off-angle direction D ⁇ and moving the irradiation position PR in the laser scanning from the higher side toward the lower side of the C plane, the irradiation mark RM formed immediately before and the current irradiation mark RM It is possible to reduce the step between the formed irradiation marks RM. As a result, the peeling layer 25 can be formed as thin as possible, so that the processing allowance in grinding and polishing after peeling can be reduced satisfactorily. Therefore, according to this aspect, it is possible to further improve the manufacturing efficiency as compared with the conventional art.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a wafer peeling process and a peeling apparatus 50 used in this process. It is assumed that the right-handed XYZ coordinates shown in FIG. 11 are displayed so as to match the right-handed XYZ coordinates shown in FIG.
- the peeling device 50 applies a load in one direction at the first end 23 , which is one end of the ingot 2 , in the in-plane direction parallel to the ingot C surface 21 , that is, the off-angle direction D ⁇ , thereby separating the wafer precursor 26 from the peeling layer 25 . It is configured to separate from the ingot 2 at .
- the first end 23 is the end on the “high side of the off-angle”, that is, the end on the high side of the C-plane, that is, the (0001) plane Pc when the ingot 2 is oriented so that the C-plane 21 of the ingot faces upward. is.
- the peeling device 50 applies a static and/or dynamic load in the Z-axis direction in the figure in such a manner as to separate the ingot C surface 21 from the ingot Si surface 22 at the first end 23. It is configured to be added to the ingot 2.
- the peeling device 50 includes a support table 51 , a peeling pad 52 , and a driving member 53 .
- the support table 51 is provided to support the ingot 2 from below. Specifically, the support table 51 is, for example, joined to the ingot Si surface 22, which is the bottom surface of the ingot 2, via an adhesive such as wax on the support fixing surface 51a, which is the upper surface thereof. there is
- the support table 51 has a first table end portion 51b and a second table end portion 51c, which are both end portions in the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- a second table end portion 51c which is an end portion on one side (that is, the left side in the drawing) in the off-angle direction D ⁇ , has a table base end surface 51d.
- 51 d of table base end surfaces are formed in the shape of an inclined surface which rises toward the off-angle direction D(theta). That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the support table 51 is formed in a trapezoidal shape in which the lower base is longer than the upper base when viewed from the side.
- the stripping pad 52 is provided above the support table 51 so that it can approach and separate from the support table 51 along the Z-axis in the figure. That is, the peeling device 50 is configured such that the support table 51 and the peeling pad 52 are relatively movable in the height direction of the ingot 2 .
- the peeling pad 52 is bonded to the ingot C surface 21, which is the top surface of the ingot 2, via an adhesive such as wax at the pad fixing surface 52a, which is the bottom surface.
- the peeling pad 52 has a first pad end portion 52b and a second pad end portion 52c, which are both ends in the off-angle direction D ⁇ .
- the second pad end portion 52c which is the end portion on one side (that is, the left side in the drawing) in the off-angle direction D ⁇ , has a pad end surface 52d.
- the pad end surface 52d is formed in an inclined surface shape that descends toward the off-angle direction D ⁇ . That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the stripping pad 52 is formed in a trapezoidal shape in which the lower base is shorter than the upper base when viewed from the side.
- the pad end surface 52d is provided at a position corresponding to the table base end surface 51d (that is, right above in the drawing).
- the drive member 53 applies an external force to at least one of the support table 51 and the stripping pad 52 to relatively move the support table 51 and the stripping pad 52 along the height direction of the ingot 2 in the clamping state. It is provided to be added to one side.
- the drive member 53 has a first drive end face 53a and a second drive end face 53b.
- the first drive end surface 53a is formed in an inclined surface shape that descends toward the off-angle direction D ⁇ . More specifically, the first drive end face 53a is provided parallel to the pad end face 52d.
- the second driving end surface 53b is formed in an inclined surface that rises toward the off-angle direction D ⁇ . More specifically, the second driving end surface 53b is provided parallel to the table base end surface 51d.
- the driving member 53 is provided so that the first driving end surface 53a contacts the pad end surface 52d and the second driving end surface 53b contacts the table base end surface 51d in the sandwiched state. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the driving member 53 is formed in a trapezoidal shape whose lower base is longer than its upper base and which is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees when viewed from the side.
- the driving member 53 is configured to be driven upward along the height direction of the ingot 2 and/or in the off-angle direction D ⁇ , which is the direction toward the ingot 2, by a driving means (not shown).
- the driving member 53 is driven upward and/or in the off-angle direction D ⁇ to apply a moment to the ingot 2 with the second pad end 52c as the force FP and the first end 23 as the fulcrum PP and action point WP. designed to work.
- a wafer peeling process for peeling the wafer precursor 26 from the ingot 2 includes a table fixing process, a clamping process, and a peeling force applying process.
- the table fixing step is a step of fixing the ingot 2 to the support table 51 by bonding the ingot Si surface 22 to the support fixing surface 51a.
- the sandwiching step is a step of bonding the ingot C surface 21 to the pad fixing surface 52 a to fix the ingot 2 to the peeling pad 52 to form a sandwiched state.
- the step of applying a peeling force is performed on one end of the peeling pad 52 in the off-angle direction D ⁇ so that a moment with the first end 23 as the fulcrum PP and the point of action WP acts on the ingot 2 in the sandwiched state.
- a static or dynamic load is applied using the second pad end portion 52c as the force point FP.
- the driving member 53 is driven upward and/or in the off-angle direction D ⁇ in the sandwiched state, thereby moving the second pad end portion 52 c upward along the height direction of the ingot 2 .
- the wafer peeling process is performed by removing the first end 23, which is one end of the ingot 2 in the in-plane direction parallel to the top surface of the ingot 2 (that is, the ingot C surface 21 in the example of FIG. 11). , by applying a load in one direction. Then, a moment with the first end 23 as the fulcrum PP and the action point WP acts on the ingot 2 .
- the point of action WP and the fulcrum PP are provided inside the ingot 2, that is, inside the outer edge of the peeling layer 25 in the in-plane direction. rice field.
- a much larger load than that of the present embodiment was required in order to cause good peeling with the peeling layer 25 as the interface.
- the position of the peeling crack may not be fixed, and a partial unpeeled portion or breakage of the removed wafer 1 may occur.
- a load is applied in one direction at one end of the ingot 2 in the off-angle direction D ⁇ . . That is, the load is concentrated on one end of the release layer 25 in the off-angle direction D ⁇ . Then, a moment having this one end as the fulcrum PP and the action point WP acts on the ingot 2 .
- the crack formed at the end of the ingot 2 on the one end side in the off-angle direction D ⁇ is the starting point, the delamination progresses, so that the fracture progresses stably over the entire surface of the delamination layer 25 while reducing the applied load.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the specific configurations shown in the above embodiments. That is, for example, the outer diameter and planar shape of the wafer 1, that is, the ingot 2 (for example, whether or not there is a so-called orientation flat) are not particularly limited.
- the size of the off angle ⁇ is also not particularly limited.
- the wafer C-plane 11 and the ingot C-plane 21 do not coincide with the C-plane in the strict crystallographic sense, that is, the (0001) plane Pc.
- the term "C surface” is used because the term "C surface” is acceptable under social conventions.
- the present disclosure is not limited to such aspects. That is, the wafer C-plane 11 and the ingot C-plane 21 may coincide with the C-plane in the strict crystallographic sense, that is, the (0001) plane Pc.
- the wafer Si face 12 and the ingot Si face 22 may coincide with the Si face in the strict crystallographic sense.
- the off angle ⁇ may be 0 degrees.
- the peeled surface 32 may have a surface condition and an edge condition to the extent that it can be satisfactorily ground or polished even if it is subjected to the ECMG process or the ECMP process as it is. There is Therefore, the rough grinding step of the peeled surface 32 shown in FIG. 2 and the edge grinding step that is normally performed may be omitted. The same applies to the rough grinding of the top surface of the ingot 2 after the wafer peeling process.
- the release layer forming apparatus 40 shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B is a simplified schematic diagram for simply explaining the outline of the release layer forming process according to the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific configuration of the release layer forming apparatus 40 that is actually industrially implemented does not necessarily match the exemplary configuration shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the Z-axis positive direction in the drawings is typically vertically upward, but the present disclosure is not limited to such an aspect. That is, for example, the Z-axis positive direction in FIGS. 4A and 4B may be the horizontal direction.
- the laser irradiation surface is the “top surface” of the ingot 2, but not the “upper surface”.
- the chuck table 41 may be configured to hold the ingot 2 by a method other than the suction mechanism using air pressure.
- the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 is configured so that the chuck table 41 that supports the ingot 2 is movable at least in the in-plane direction, while the light collecting device 42 is fixedly provided in the in-plane direction. rice field.
- the present disclosure is not limited to such aspects. That is, for example, the separation layer forming apparatus 40 has a configuration in which the chuck table 41 that supports the ingot 2 is fixed in the in-plane direction, while the light collecting device 42 is moved in the in-plane direction by a scanning device (not shown).
- the peeling layer forming apparatus 40 may include a scanning device configured to allow the focal point BP of the laser beam B to move relative to the ingot 2 in the XYZ directions in the drawing. .
- the Z-axis between the condenser 42 on the irradiation side of the laser beam B and the chuck table 41 supporting the ingot 2 Making directional distance adjustments is optional for the purposes of this disclosure.
- the specific configuration of the release layer forming apparatus 40 that is actually industrially realized can be appropriately changed from the exemplary configuration shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the peeling apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram for simply explaining the outline of the wafer peeling process according to the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific configuration of the peeling device 50 that is actually industrially implemented does not necessarily match the exemplary configuration shown in FIG. 11 .
- the Z-axis positive direction in FIG. 11 is typically vertically upward, but the present disclosure is not limited to such an aspect. That is, for example, the Z-axis positive direction in FIG. 11 may be the horizontal direction.
- the peeling device 50 shown in FIG. 11 will be described in more detail below.
- the applied load is too large with respect to the load required for delamination, there is a concern that excessive stress will be applied to the wafer precursor 26 during delamination, and cracks will occur.
- the load required for peeling varies depending on the cleavage state and material variations. Therefore, in the wafer peeling process, it is preferable to increase the load continuously or intermittently until peeling occurs. That is, by gradually increasing the applied load and stopping the application of the load when the peeling is achieved, the difference between the load required for peeling and the applied load can be reduced, and the occurrence of cracks can be suppressed satisfactorily. becomes.
- the impact load F2 can reliably apply the load from the end portion to establish the separation. Further, even if the peeling due to the impact load F2 progresses only halfway, it is possible to reliably peel the entire surface by continuously applying the constant static load F1.
- the method of holding the ingot 2 in the wafer peeling process is also not particularly limited.
- a holding method may be pneumatic.
- the support table 51 has a large number of suction holes (not shown) that open at the support and fixation surface 51a. 22 may be configured to adsorb.
- the stripping pad 52 has a large number of suction holes (not shown) that open at the pad fixing surface 52a, and the ingot C surface 21 is pushed onto the pad fixing surface 52a by air pressure, ie, negative pressure, in the suction holes. You may be comprised so that it may adsorb
- the method of holding the ingot 2 in the wafer peeling process is to use an adhesive 54 such as wax, as shown in FIG. is preferred. That is, it is preferable to perform the wafer peeling process as follows.
- the ingot C surface 21, which is the surface of one end in the height direction of the ingot 2, that is, the top surface, and the peeling pad 52 as the top surface fixing member are joined using an adhesive 54.
- the ingot Si surface 22 which is the surface of the other end in the height direction of the ingot 2 , that is, the bottom surface, and the support table 51 as a bottom surface fixing member are joined using an adhesive 54 .
- a load is applied to the support table 51 and/or the stripping pad 52 .
- the adhesive 54 can be spread out from the ingot side surface 20 provided between the ingot C surface 21 and the ingot Si surface 22 and attached to the ingot side surface 20. preferred. By spreading the adhesive 54 on the ingot side surface 20 in this way, it is possible to improve the holding force.
- the bonding layer with the adhesive 54 must be formed uniformly. Further, if air bubbles enter inside such a bonding layer, there is a possibility that defects will occur in the wafer peeling process. Specifically, if a peeling load is applied with air bubbles inside the bonding layer, the ingot 2 and the air bubble portion not fixed to the peeling mechanism cannot be peeled off well, and the wafer precursor 26 may crack. There is therefore, it is preferable to arrange the adhesive 54 inside the outer diameter of the ingot 2 and spread it by heat and/or pressure. As a result, a uniform bonding layer is formed by the adhesive 54 after the bonding process, and the entry of air bubbles into the bonding layer is suppressed satisfactorily.
- FIG. 14 shows an outline of the wafer peeling process using a method of holding the ingot 2 using the adhesive 54.
- FIG. 15A to 15H schematically show the process of bonding the ingot 2 to the support table 51 and peeling pad 52 by expanding the adhesive 54 with heat and pressure. The wafer peeling process will be described below with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15A to 15H.
- the adhesive 54 is applied to the support fixing surface 51a, which is the upper surface of the support table 51. Then, as shown in FIG. Specifically, a tablet-like adhesive agent 54 is placed on the supporting and fixing surface 51a. At this time, the adhesive 54 is provided with a smaller diameter than the outer diameter of the ingot 2 . At this time, it is preferable to heat the support table 51 . Next, the ingot 2 is placed on the adhesive 54 as shown in FIG. 15B. At this time, the adhesive 54 is arranged inside the outer diameter of the ingot 2 . At this time, the ingot 2 is preferably heated or preheated.
- the laminate of the support table 51, the adhesive 54, and the ingot 2 thus formed is placed between the press lower die 55 and the press upper die 56 as shown in FIG. 15C. . Then, the laminate is pressed between the press lower mold 55 and the press upper mold 56 . At this time, the laminate is preheated. Alternatively, such laminates are heated at the same time as being pressed. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 15D, the adhesive 54 spreads to the outside of the ingot side surface 20 due to heat and pressure. Thereby, the ingot 2 and the support table 51 are adhered.
- the bonding between the ingot 2 and the peeling pad 52 is also performed in the same manner. That is, first, as shown in FIG. 15E, the adhesive 54 is applied to the pad fixing surface 52a, which is the bottom surface of the peeling pad 52. Then, as shown in FIG. The application size of the adhesive 54 at this time is the same as described above. Also, the peeling pad 52 is preferably heated or preheated. Next, as shown in FIG. 15F , the peeling pad 52 is overlaid on the joined body of the ingot 2 and the support table 51 while facing the ingot 2 with the pad fixing surface 52a coated with the adhesive 54 . The thus formed laminate of ingot 2, support table 51, stripping pad 52 and adhesive 54 is placed between lower press die 55 and upper press die 56 as shown in FIG.
- the laminate 15G. be placed on. Then, the laminate is pressed between the press lower mold 55 and the press upper mold 56 . At this time, the laminate is preheated. Alternatively, such laminates are heated at the same time as being pressed. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 15H, the adhesive 54 spreads to the outside of the ingot side surface 20 due to heat and pressure. Thereby, the ingot 2 and the peeling pad 52 are adhered.
- peeling is performed by applying a load to the support table 51 and/or the peeling pad 52 .
- the separation body 30 adhering to the separation pad 52 side is detached from the separation pad 52 while being heated, subjected to rough cleaning and finish cleaning using ethanol and ultrasonic waves, and then rinsed with pure water.
- the ingot 2 adhering to the support table 51 side is detached from the support table 51 while being heated, subjected to rough cleaning and finish cleaning using ethanol and ultrasonic waves, and then rinsed with pure water.
- the support table 51 and the stripping pad 52 are also rinsed with pure water through rough cleaning and finish cleaning using ethanol and ultrasonic waves.
- the support table 51 shown in FIGS. 15A to 15H may be a part of the support table 51, that is, a jig for joining the ingot 2 on the support table 51.
- the ingot 2 and the support table 51 are fixed by bonding the ingot 2 to the bonding jig by the above-described method, and then screwing the bonding jig to the main body of the support table 51. You can do it by fixing it.
- the peeling pad 52 is also the same.
- the peeling layer 25 is formed on the C surface 21 side of the ingot by "irradiating the C surface 21 of the ingot with the laser beam B".
- the present disclosure is not limited to such aspects. That is, the present disclosure is also applicable to “Si surface side irradiation” in which the Si surface 22 of the ingot is irradiated with the laser beam B to form the separation layer 25 on the Si surface 22 side of the ingot.
- the stripping pad 52 in the stripping device 50 shown in FIG. 11 and the like is bonded to the ingot Si surface 22 . That is, the wafer peeling process is performed with the Si surface 2 of the ingot, which is the main surface of the ingot 2 on the Si surface side, as the upper surface.
- the facet region RF is located on the high side of the (0001) plane Pc, that is, on the “high off-angle side” indicated by the arc of the medium dashed line. In this case, it is necessary to consider the fact that cleavage is unlikely to occur in and around the facet region RF and that the cleavage is unlikely to extend to the end.
- the peeling load F is applied in a region that does not overlap the facet region RF in the circumferential direction along the circumference surrounding the central axis L, that is, in the region indicated by the solid-line arc in the drawing. It is preferable to carry out by adding.
- Such a peeling load F is directed in the direction of "pulling up" the ingot Si surface 22, that is, in the direction of separating the ingot Si surface 22 from the ingot C surface 21 on its back side. In this way, the wafer precursor 26 formed by the Si surface side irradiation can be peeled off by applying a load from the region excluding the facet region RF of the edge of the "higher off-angle". becomes possible.
- Modifications are not limited to the above examples either. That is, for example, a plurality of embodiments other than those exemplified above can be combined with each other as long as they are not technically inconsistent. Likewise, multiple variants may be combined with each other unless technically inconsistent.
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、上記に例示した事情等に鑑みてなされたものである。すなわち、本開示は、例えば、従来よりも製造効率の高いウェハ製造方法を提供する。
前記インゴットの高さ方向における一端側の表面に対して透過性を有するレーザービームを照射することで、前記表面から前記ウェハの厚みに対応する深さに剥離層を形成する、剥離層形成と、
前記表面と前記剥離層との間の部分であるウェハ前駆体を、前記剥離層にて前記インゴットから剥離する、ウェハ剥離と、
前記ウェハ剥離により得られた板状の剥離体の主面を平坦化する、ウェハ平坦化と、
を含み、
前記インゴットにおけるc軸は、前記表面と直交する中心軸を、オフ角方向に、0度を超えるオフ角傾けた状態で設けられ、
前記ウェハ剥離は、前記オフ角方向における前記インゴットの一端にて一方向に荷重を加えることで行う。
以下、本開示の実施形態を、図面に基づいて説明する。
図1を参照すると、本実施形態に係るウェハ製造方法によって製造されるウェハ1は、側面視にて略円柱状のインゴット2をスライスして得られるものであって、平面視にて略円形の薄板状に形成されている。すなわち、ウェハ1およびインゴット2は、中心軸Lを囲む略円柱面状の側面あるいは端面を有している。中心軸Lは、ウェハ1やインゴット2の、略円柱面状の側面あるいは端面と平行で、ウェハ1やインゴット2の軸中心を通る仮想直線である。なお、図示および説明の簡略化の観点から、ウェハ1やインゴット2に通常設けられる、いわゆるオリエンテーションフラットについては、本明細書においては、図示および説明を省略する。
本実施形態に係るウェハ製造方法は、インゴット2からウェハ1を得る方法であって、以下の工程を含む。
ここで、「所定程度の透過性」とは、インゴット2の内側におけるウェハ1の厚みに対応する深さにレーザービームの集光点を形成することが可能な程度の透過性である。また、「ウェハ1の厚みに対応する深さ」は、完成品であるウェハ1の厚み(すなわち厚みの狙い値)に、後述するウェハ平坦化工程等における所定の加工代に相当する厚みを加算した寸法であって、「ウェハ1の厚みに相当する深さ」とも称され得る。
ここで、上記の「ウェハ剥離工程」という表現の如く、インゴット2からウェハ前駆体26を剥離することで得られた板状物は、社会通念上「ウェハ」と称されることがあり得る。しかしながら、エピレディに鏡面化された主面を有する製造後の最終的なウェハ1と区別するため、かかる板状物を、以下、「剥離体30」と称する。
剥離体30は、一対の主面である、非剥離面31および剥離面32を有している。非剥離面31は、ウェハ剥離工程前において剥離層25を構成していなかった側の面であって、剥離層形成工程やウェハ剥離工程を行う前におけるインゴットC面21に対応する面である。剥離面32は、ウェハ剥離工程前において剥離層25を構成しており、ウェハ剥離工程によって新たに生じた面である。剥離面32は、剥離層25およびウェハ剥離工程による剥離に起因する、粗い(すなわち研削あるいは研磨が必要な程度の)凹凸を有している。
・ウェハSi面12となるべき剥離面32の粗研削
・粗研削を経た剥離面32のECMG研削
・ECMG研削を経た剥離面32のECMP研磨
・洗浄
・ウェハ剥離工程により新たに生じたインゴットC面21の粗研削
・粗研削を経たインゴットC面21の仕上げ研削
・洗浄
図3Aおよび図3Bは、剥離層形成工程により剥離層25およびウェハ前駆体26が形成された状態のインゴット2の概略構成を示す。図4Aおよび図4Bは、剥離層形成工程の概略、および、かかる工程に用いられる剥離層形成装置40の概略構成を示す。なお、図3Aないし図4Bに示された右手系XYZ座標は、図1に示された右手系XYZ座標と整合するように表示されているものとする。
図11は、ウェハ剥離工程、および、かかる工程に用いられる剥離装置50の概略を示す。なお、図11に示された右手系XYZ座標は、図1に示された右手系XYZ座標と整合するように表示されているものとする。
本開示は、上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。故に、上記実施形態に対しては、適宜変更が可能である。以下、代表的な変形例について説明する。以下の変形例の説明においては、上記実施形態との相違点を主として説明する。また、上記実施形態と変形例とにおいて、互いに同一または均等である部分には、同一符号が付されている。したがって、以下の変形例の説明において、上記実施形態と同一の符号を有する構成要素に関しては、技術的矛盾または特段の追加説明なき限り、上記実施形態における説明が適宜援用され得る。
・インゴット2の高さ方向における一端側の表面すなわち頂面であるインゴットC面21と、頂面固定部材としての剥離パッド52とを、接着剤54を用いて接合する。
・インゴット2の高さ方向における他端側の表面すなわち底面であるインゴットSi面22と、底面固定部材としての支持テーブル51とを、接着剤54を用いて接合する。
支持テーブル51および/または剥離パッド52に荷重を加える。
Claims (9)
- 単結晶SiCからなり互いに直交するc軸(Lc)とC面(Pc)とを有するインゴット(2)からウェハ(1)を得る、ウェハ製造方法であって、
前記インゴットの高さ方向における一端側の表面である頂面(21)に対して透過性を有するレーザービームを照射することで、前記頂面から前記ウェハの厚みに対応する深さに剥離層(25)を形成する、剥離層形成と、
前記頂面と前記剥離層との間の部分であるウェハ前駆体(26)を、前記剥離層にて前記インゴットから剥離する、ウェハ剥離と、
前記ウェハ剥離により得られた板状の剥離体(30)の主面(32)を平坦化する、ウェハ平坦化と、
を含み、
前記インゴットにおける前記c軸は、前記頂面と直交する中心軸(L)を、オフ角方向(Dθ)に、0度を超えるオフ角(θ)傾けた状態で設けられ、
前記ウェハ剥離は、前記オフ角方向における前記インゴットの一端(23)側にて一方向に荷重を加えることで行う、
ウェハ製造方法。 - 前記オフ角方向における前記インゴットの前記一端は、前記インゴットの姿勢を前記頂面が上面となるように設定した場合の、前記C面における高い側の端である、
請求項1に記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記剥離層形成は、前記インゴットの姿勢を前記頂面が上面となるように設定した場合、ファセット領域(RF)が前記C面における低い側に位置するようにして行う、
請求項1または2に記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記ウェハ剥離は、Si面を前記頂面として、前記インゴットの姿勢を前記頂面が上面となるように設定した場合、ファセット領域(RF)が前記C面における高い側に位置し、且つ、前記中心軸を囲む円周に沿った周方向について前記ファセット領域と重ならない領域にて荷重を加えることで行う、
請求項2に記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記剥離層形成は、前記頂面上における前記レーザービームの照射位置(PR)を前記頂面に沿った第一方向(Ds)に沿って移動させつつ前記レーザービームを前記頂面に対して照射するレーザー走査を、前記頂面上における前記第一方向と直交し且つ前記頂面に沿った第二方向(Df)について位置を変えつつ複数回行い、前記第一方向に沿った線状の前記レーザービームの照射痕である走査ライン(Ls)を、前記第二方向に沿って複数形成することで、前記剥離層を形成し、
前記照射位置を前記第一方向に移動させる場合、前記頂面の前記第一方向における両端部の間に亘って前記走査ラインを形成し、
前記照射位置を前記第一方向とは反対方向に移動させる場合、前記頂面の前記第一方向における端部に前記照射痕を形成する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記ウェハ剥離は、剥離が発生するまで、荷重を連続的または断続的に上げることにより行う、
請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記ウェハ剥離は、
前記インゴットの前記頂面と頂面固定部材(52)とを接合し、
前記インゴットの高さ方向における他端側の表面である底面(22)と底面固定部材(51)とを接合し、
前記頂面固定部材および/または前記底面固定部材に荷重を加えることにより行い、
前記頂面と前記頂面固定部材との接合、および、前記底面と前記底面固定部材との接合は、前記インゴットの外径よりも内側に配置した接着剤(54)を熱および/または加圧により広げることで行う、
請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記頂面と前記頂面固定部材との接合、および、前記底面と前記底面固定部材との接合にて、前記接着剤を、前記インゴットにおける前記頂面と前記底面との間に設けられた側面(20)からはみ出し且つ当該側面に付着するまで広げる、
請求項7に記載のウェハ製造方法。 - 前記ウェハ剥離は、静的荷重と衝撃荷重とを重畳的に加えることにより行う、
請求項1~8のいずれか1つに記載のウェハ製造方法。
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JP2006130691A (ja) | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-25 | Shibuya Kogyo Co Ltd | 脆性材料の割断方法とその装置 |
JP2011249449A (ja) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-08 | Denso Corp | ウェハの加工方法およびそれに用いられる研磨装置、切断装置 |
JP2014147946A (ja) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-08-21 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法 |
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