WO2023104023A1 - 一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2023104023A1
WO2023104023A1 PCT/CN2022/136887 CN2022136887W WO2023104023A1 WO 2023104023 A1 WO2023104023 A1 WO 2023104023A1 CN 2022136887 W CN2022136887 W CN 2022136887W WO 2023104023 A1 WO2023104023 A1 WO 2023104023A1
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compound
aluminum perchlorate
probe
thiacalix
arene
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PCT/CN2022/136887
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French (fr)
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金宗文
赵江林
玄曙光
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深圳先进技术研究院
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1059—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing three nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1092—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing sulfur as the only heteroatom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N2021/6443—Fluorimetric titration

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of fluorescent probe materials, and in particular relates to a compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate and its preparation method and application.
  • Molecular recognition is the interaction between two or more molecules through non-covalent bonding. In addition to hydrogen bonding, metal coupling, hydrophobicity, van der Waals forces and other direct contact effects, water often plays an important mediating role in solutions. It also refers to the selective interaction of molecules, such as the specific binding between antibodies and antigens, between enzymes and substrates, and between hormones and receptors. Molecular recognition is achieved through the respective binding sites of the two molecules. To realize molecular recognition, one requires that the binding sites of the two molecules are structurally complementary, and the other requires that the two binding sites have corresponding groups that can generate sufficient force with each other so that the two molecules can be combined. Molecular recognition, as an important research category in supramolecular chemistry, has attracted extensive attention from scientists.
  • molecular recognition is generally divided into cation recognition, anion recognition, or organic neutral molecular recognition.
  • Molecules are usually divided into organic molecules and inorganic molecules.
  • Organic molecules usually exist in the form of complete molecules, while inorganic molecules usually coexist in the form of anions and cations. Therefore, in the process of molecular recognition, it is often either to recognize the whole organic molecule, or an inorganic cation, or an inorganic anion. However, simultaneous identification of entire inorganic molecules has rarely been reported.
  • the present invention proposes a compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate through design and synthesis, specifically a monosubstituted pyrenyl-thiacalix[4]arene fluorescent probe ( TCA- Py ).
  • the compound of the invention can specifically recognize the whole inorganic molecule of aluminum perchlorate.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above compound in specific recognition of aluminum perchlorate.
  • the compound of the present invention introduces a pyrene group on a phenolic hydroxyl group of thiacalix[4]arene as a fluorescent signal emitting unit, and the recognition behavior of the probe is expressed in the form of fluorescence, which can specifically recognize the whole aluminum perchlorate inorganic molecular.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate, which consists of monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH) and 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene via clicking chemical reaction is obtained.
  • aluminum perchlorate which consists of monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH) and 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene via clicking chemical reaction is obtained.
  • the molar ratio of monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH) to 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene used is 1:1-1:2.5; more preferably 1:1.5.
  • the reaction time is preferably 18-36h, more preferably 24h.
  • the reaction is carried out under the catalysis of a catalyst, for example, it may be carried out under the catalysis of a catalytic system such as cuprous iodide, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), copper sulfate and ascorbic acid.
  • a catalytic system such as cuprous iodide, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), copper sulfate and ascorbic acid.
  • DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • the amount of the catalyst used is a catalytic amount.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent.
  • the tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent the tetrahydrofuran/water volume ratio is preferably 4:1.
  • the solvent can be removed by cooling to room temperature, distilled under reduced pressure, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and separated by column chromatography to obtain the purified target product monosubstituted pyrenylthiacalix[4] Aromatics (TCA-Py).
  • TCA-Py Monosubstituted pyrenylthiacalix[4] Aromatics
  • reaction equation of the preparation method is as follows:
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above compound in specific recognition of aluminum perchlorate. Specifically, the following steps may be included:
  • the concentration of the compound is preferably 1 mmol/L.
  • the probe stock solution prepared in the present invention is a high-concentration solution.
  • the solvent is preferably dichloromethane.
  • the concentration of the probe is preferably 10 ⁇ mol/L; the concentration of the analyte is preferably 10-200 ⁇ mol/L, more preferably 100 ⁇ mol/L.
  • step (2) the excitation wavelength for detecting the fluorescence spectrum is 344 nm.
  • step (3) the wavelength of the fluorescence emission peak of the excimer is about 474nm.
  • the device for detecting spectra in the present invention is preferably a fluorescence spectrometer.
  • the compound of the present invention that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate can specifically recognize the entire aluminum perchlorate inorganic molecule . ), the fluorescence spectrum does not produce excimer emission peaks; and the excimer emission peaks only appear in the presence of Al(ClO 4 ) 3 in the analyte system. Thus, the compounds of the present invention recognize the entire inorganic molecule of aluminum perchlorate.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention designs a kind of compound that can recognize the whole aluminum perchlorate inorganic molecule for the first time, enriches the mode of molecular recognition.
  • the compound of the present invention has specific recognition ability to aluminum perchlorate molecules, which provides an important method for the efficient recognition of aluminum perchlorate molecules.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the chemical structure of the compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the 1 H NMR spectrogram of monosubstituted pyrenyl-thiacalix [4] arene of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the fluorescence spectrum diagram of the probe TCA-Py (10 ⁇ M) of the present invention to identify and detect metal ions;
  • Fig. 5 is a fluorescence response curve of the probe TCA-Py (10 ⁇ M) of the present invention and 10 times the amount of Al(ClO 4 ) 3 or NaClO 4 or AlCl 3 respectively.
  • the dosage of each component is in parts by mass and parts by volume, mg, mL.
  • a compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate is specifically a monosubstituted pyrenyl-thiacalix[4]arene fluorescent probe (TCA-Py), the chemical structural formula of which is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the compound of the present invention introduces a pyrene group on a phenolic hydroxyl group of thiacalix[4]arene as a fluorescent signal emitting unit, and the recognition behavior of the probe is expressed in the form of fluorescence, which can specifically recognize the whole aluminum perchlorate inorganic molecular.
  • a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound that specifically recognizes aluminum perchlorate is obtained by click chemical reaction is obtained.
  • the molar ratio of monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH) to 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene used is 1:1; in another embodiment, the monosubstituted The molar ratio of alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH) to 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene is 1:1.5; in another embodiment, the monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4] The molar ratio of ]arenes (TCA-CCH) to 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene was 1:2.5.
  • the reaction is carried out under the catalysis of a catalyst.
  • the catalyst used is a catalytic system of cuprous iodide and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA); in another embodiment, the catalyst used is a catalytic system of copper sulfate and ascorbic acid. The amount of the catalyst used is a catalytic amount.
  • the reaction is carried out in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent.
  • the tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvent the tetrahydrofuran/water volume ratio is 4:1.
  • the reaction time is 24 hours; in another embodiment, the reaction time is 18 hours; in yet another embodiment, the reaction time is 36 hours.
  • the purified target product monosubstituted pyrenylthia Calix[4]arenes (TCA-Py).
  • the above-mentioned compound is used in the specific recognition of aluminum perchlorate. Specifically include the following steps:
  • the concentration of the compound in the probe solution in step (1) is 1 mmol/L.
  • the solvent is dichloromethane.
  • the concentration of the probe in the solution to be detected is 10 ⁇ mol/L.
  • the concentration of the analyte in the solution to be tested is 10 ⁇ mol/L; in another embodiment, the concentration of the analyte is 200 ⁇ mol/L; in yet another embodiment, the concentration of the analyte The concentration of the substance was 100 ⁇ mol/L.
  • the excitation wavelength for detecting the fluorescence spectrum is 344 nm.
  • the wavelength of the fluorescence emission peak of the excimer is about 474 nm.
  • TCA-Py add 200 parts by mass of monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene (TCA-CCH), 135 parts by mass of 1-(azidomethyl)pyrene at 2.0 mole times, dissolve in 35 parts by volume of tetrahydrofuran /water mixed solvent (4:1), then add a catalytic amount of cuprous iodide and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), and reflux for 24 hours.
  • TCA-CCH monosubstituted alkynyl-thiacalix[4]arene
  • DIPEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
  • probe stock solution weigh the probe prepared in Example 1, dissolve it in dichloromethane, and prepare a solution with a concentration of 1 mmol/L.
  • Sample preparation Add 100 ⁇ L of the probe TCA-Py stock solution prepared in step (1) of Example 2 to a series of 10 mL volumetric flasks, and then add 100 ⁇ L of the metal ion stock solution prepared in step (2) of Example 2 solution or 100 ⁇ L ultrapure water as a blank, and dilute to the mark with ethanol.
  • the probe TCA-Py (10 ⁇ M) of the present invention has a weak fluorescence emission peak at 376/396 nm, which is the characteristic fluorescence emission peak of the pyrene monomer of the probe (ie, the fluorescence emission peak of the pyrene monomer).
  • the fluorescence emission peaks of the probes at 376/396 nm were enhanced or weakened to varying degrees in the samples added with 100 ⁇ M metal ions.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention designs a kind of compound that can recognize the whole aluminum perchlorate inorganic molecule for the first time, enriches the mode of molecular recognition.
  • the compound of the present invention has specific recognition ability to aluminum perchlorate molecules, which provides an important method for the efficient recognition of aluminum perchlorate molecules.

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Abstract

一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物作为单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针，该化合物在硫杂杯［4］芳烃的一个酚羟基上引入一个芘基作为荧光信号发射单元，将该探针的识别行为以荧光的形式表现出来，可特异性识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子。

Description

一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针材料技术领域，具体涉及一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物及其制备方法与应用。
 背景技术
分子识别，是两个或以上的分子之间通过非共价键结合相互作用。除了氢键，金属耦合，疏水性，范德华力等直接相互接触的作用以外，在溶液中，水常常可以起到很重要的介导作用。也指分子选择性相互作用，例如抗体与抗原之间，酶与底物之间，激素与受体之间的专一结合。分子识别是通过两个分子各自的结合部位来实现的。要实现分子识别，一要求两个分子的结合部位是结构互补的，二要求两个结合部位有相应的基团，相互之间能够产生足够的作用力，使两个分子能够结合在一起。分子识别，作为超分子化学中重要的研究范畴，受到科学家的广泛关注。
通常情况下，分子识别一般分为，阳离子识别、阴离子识别，或者有机中性分子识别。分子，通常分为有机分子、无机分子，有机分子通常以完整分子整体形式而存在，而无机分子通常以阴、阳离子形式共存。因此分子识别过程中，也往往是要么识别整个有机分子，或者无机阳离子，或者无机阴离子。而同时识别整个无机分子却鲜有报道。
 技术问题
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明通过设计、合成，提出了一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物，具体为单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针（ TCA-Py）。本发明化合物可特异性识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子。
本发明还提供一种上述特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物的制备方法。
本发明还提供上述化合物在特异性识别高氯酸铝中的应用。
 技术解决方案
具体通过以下技术方案实现：
一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物，具体为单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针（ TCA-Py），化学结构式如下所示：
Figure dest_path_image001
本发明化合物在硫杂杯[4]芳烃的一个酚羟基上引入一个芘基作为荧光信号发射单元，将该探针的识别行为以荧光的形式表现出来，可特异性识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子。
本发明还提供一种上述特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物的制备方法，由单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘经点击化学反应得到。
所用单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘的摩尔比为1:1-1:2.5；更优选为1:1.5。
所述反应的时间优选为18-36h，更优选为24h。
所述反应在催化剂的催化下进行，如可在碘化亚铜和N,N-二异丙基乙胺（DIPEA）、硫酸铜与抗坏血酸等催化体系催化下进行。所用催化剂的用量为催化量即可。
所述反应可在四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中进行。所述四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中，四氢呋喃/水体积比优选为4:1。
所述反应完成后，可通过冷却至室温，减压蒸馏除去溶剂，用二氯甲烷萃取，无水硫酸钠干燥，柱层析分离，得到纯化的目标产物单取代芘基硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-Py）。上述分离纯化的操作为常规操作即可。
具体的，制备方法的反应方程式如下所示：
Figure dest_path_image002
本发明还提供上述化合物在特异性识别高氯酸铝中的应用。具体可包括以下步骤：
（1）将本发明化合物溶于溶剂中得到探针储备溶液；
（2）将探针储备溶液与待测物混合，检测所得溶液的荧光光谱；
（3）当荧光光谱中出现了芘的excimer荧光发射峰，说明待测物中含有高氯酸铝。
步骤（1）中所述探针储备溶液中，化合物的浓度优选为1mmol/L。本发明制备的探针储备溶液为高浓度溶液。
步骤（1）中，所述溶剂优选为二氯甲烷。
步骤（2）中，待检测溶液中，探针的浓度优选为10μmol/L；待测物的浓度优选为10-200μmol/L，更优选为100μmol/L。
步骤（2）中，检测荧光光谱的激发波长为344nm。
步骤（3）中，所述excimer荧光发射峰的波长为474nm左右。
本发明对检测光谱的设备优选为荧光光谱仪。
本发明特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物可特异性识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子，当待测物体系中仅含有Al 3+离子（如AlCl3）或者仅有ClO 4 -根（如NaClO 4）时，其荧光光谱均不产生excimer发射峰；且仅仅在待测物体系中Al(ClO 4) 3存在的情况下才会出现excimer发射峰。因此，本发明化合物可识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子。
有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1.本发明首次设计出了一种能识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子的化合物，丰富了分子识别的模式。
2. 本发明化合物对高氯酸铝分子具有特异性的识别能力，为高氯酸铝分子的高效识别提供了重要的方法。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明提供的特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物的化学结构示意图；
图2为本发明单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃的 1H NMR谱图；
图3为本发明探针TCA-Py（10μM）识别检测金属离子的荧光光谱图；
图4为本发明探针TCA-Py（10μM，EtOH/CH 2Cl 2/H 2O = 94/1/5）与Al(ClO 4) 3的荧光滴定曲线图（0-50倍）；
图5为本发明探针TCA-Py（10μM）分别与10倍量的Al(ClO 4) 3或NaClO 4或AlCl 3的荧光响应曲线图。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下列实施例中，各组分用量以质量份、体积份计，mg、mL。
一实施方式，一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物，具体为单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针（TCA-Py），化学结构式如图1所示。
本发明化合物在硫杂杯[4]芳烃的一个酚羟基上引入一个芘基作为荧光信号发射单元，将该探针的识别行为以荧光的形式表现出来，可特异性识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子。
一实施方式，一种上述特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物的制备方法，由单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘经点击化学反应得到。
一实施例中，所用单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘的摩尔比例为1:1；另一实施例中，所用单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘的摩尔比例为1：1.5；再一实施例中，所用单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）与1-（叠氮甲基）芘的摩尔比例为1：2.5。
所述反应在催化剂的催化下进行。一实施例中，所用催化剂为碘化亚铜和N,N-二异丙基乙胺（DIPEA）催化体系；另一实施例中，所用催化剂为硫酸铜与抗坏血酸的催化体系。所用催化剂的用量为催化量即可。
一实施例中，所述反应在四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中进行。所述四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂中，四氢呋喃/水体积比为4:1。
一实施例中，所述反应的时间为24h；另一实施例中，所述反应的时间为18h；再一实施例中，所述反应的时间为36h。
一实施例中，所述反应完成后，通过冷却至室温，减压蒸馏除去溶剂，用二氯甲烷萃取，无水硫酸钠干燥，柱层析分离，得到纯化的目标产物单取代芘基硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-Py）。
一实施方式，上述化合物在特异性识别高氯酸铝中的应用。具体包括以下步骤：
（1）将本发明化合物溶于溶剂中得到探针储备溶液；
（2）将探针储备溶液与待测物混合，检测所得溶液的荧光光谱；
（3）当荧光光谱中出现了芘的excimer荧光发射峰，说明待测物中含有高氯酸铝。
一实施例中，步骤（1）中所述探针溶液中，化合物的浓度为1mmol/L。
一实施例中，步骤（1）中，所述溶剂为二氯甲烷。
一实施例中，步骤（2）中，待检测溶液中，探针的浓度为10μmol/L。
一实施例中，步骤（2）中，待检测溶液中，待测物的浓度为10μmol/L；另一实施例中，待测物的浓度为200μmol/L；再一实施例中，待测物的浓度为100μmol/L。
一实施例中，步骤（2）中，检测荧光光谱的激发波长为344nm。
一实施例中，步骤（3）中，所述excimer荧光发射峰的波长为474nm左右。
具体实施例
实施例1
TCA-Py的合成：加入单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-CCH）200质量份，2.0摩尔倍1-（叠氮甲基）芘135质量份，溶于35体积份四氢呋喃/水混合溶剂（4:1），然后加入催化剂量的碘化亚铜和N,N-二异丙基乙胺（DIPEA），回流反应24小时。冷却至室温，减压蒸馏除去溶剂，用二氯甲烷萃取，无水硫酸钠干燥，柱层析分离，得到单取代芘基硫杂杯[4]芳烃（TCA-Py，123mg，46%）。 1H NMR谱图见图2。
1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8.49 (s, 2H), 8.38 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 – 8.14 (m, 5H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J = 12.4, 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.48 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (s, 2H), 6.41 (s, 2H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 1.21 (s, 9H), 1.13 (s, 18H), 1.12 (s, 9H) ppm。
实施例2
（1）探针储备溶液的配制：称取实施例1制备得到的探针，用二氯甲烷溶解，配制成浓度为1mmol/L的溶液。
（2）待测溶液的制备：金属离子Li +，Na +，K +，Mg 2+，Ca 2+，Ba 2+，Hg 2+，Sr 2+，Zn 2+，Al 3+，Fe 3+，Co 2+，Ni 2+，Cu 2+，Zn 2+，Pb 2+，Cd 2+，Mn 2+储备液的配制：分别取相应金属离子的高氯酸盐，Cr 3+离子用对应的硝酸盐分别用超纯水溶解并配制成10mmol/L的金属离子储备液。
实施例3：探针TCA-Py对Al(ClO 4) 3的识别检测
（1）样品配制：在一系列10mL容量瓶中分别加入100μL实施例2步骤（1）制备的探针TCA-Py储备液后，再分别加入100μL实施例2步骤（2）制备的金属离子储备液或者100μL超纯水做空白，用乙醇稀释至刻度。
（2）样品测试：设置344nm激发波长，取3mL样品溶液于1cm的比色皿中进行荧光光谱测定。本发明探针TCA-Py（10μM）在376/396nm处有微弱的荧光发射峰，此为探针的芘基monomer特征荧光发射峰（即单体芘的荧光发射峰）。分别加入100μM金属离子的样品，其探针在376/396nm处的荧光发射峰均有不同程度的增强或者减弱。但是仅有Al(ClO 4) 3的加入，出现了芘的excimer荧光发射峰（474nm，芘的π-π相互作用荧光发射峰），如图3所示。因此，可以很明确的依靠这个excimer发射峰，来鉴别出Al 3+，即在此条件下探针对Al 3+有识别检测作用。
（3）在浓度为10μM的探针溶液中，加入不同浓度的Al(ClO4)3，控制最终溶液为（体积比EtOH/CH 2Cl 2/H 2O = 94/1/5）的混合溶液，以344nm为荧光激发波长，测定荧光光谱滴定曲线，结果见图4。由图4的滴定曲线可见，本发明探针的荧光变化过程分为两段，首先随着Al(ClO 4) 3浓度的增加，探针monomer发射峰剧烈荧光增强，但是增强到一定阶段后就不再变化，随后探针的excimer峰开始逐渐荧光增强。这说明，本发明的探针识别Al(ClO 4) 3的过程是分两步走的。进一步的，检测本发明探针TCA-Py（10μM）分别与10倍量的Al(ClO 4) 3或NaClO 4或AlCl 3的荧光光谱，其荧光响应曲线图见图5。由图5可见，单纯的含有Al 3+离子（如AlCl 3）或者仅有ClO 4 -根（如NaClO 4）均不产生excimer发射峰，该现象是在且仅仅在Al(ClO 4) 3存在的情况下才能出现。本发明探针TCA-Py可高选择性的识别Al(ClO 4) 3分子。这种识别整个无机分子的现象，还未见报道。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
1.本发明首次设计出了一种能识别整个高氯酸铝无机分子的化合物，丰富了分子识别的模式。
2. 本发明化合物对高氯酸铝分子具有特异性的识别能力，为高氯酸铝分子的高效识别提供了重要的方法。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物，其特征在于具体为单取代芘基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃荧光探针（ TCA-Py），化学结构式如下所示：
    Figure dest_path_image001
    。
  2. 一种特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物的制备方法，其特征在于由单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃与1-（叠氮甲基）芘经点击化学反应得到。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所用单取代炔基-硫杂杯[4]芳烃与1-（叠氮甲基）芘的摩尔比为1:1-1:2.5。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于：所述反应的时间为18-36h。
  5. 权利要求1所述的特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物在特异性识别高氯酸铝中的应用。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于具体包括以下步骤：
    （1）将权利要求1所述的特异性识别高氯酸铝的化合物溶于溶剂中得到探针储备溶液；
    （2）将探针储备溶液与待测物混合，检测所得溶液的荧光光谱；
    （3）当荧光光谱中出现了芘的excimer荧光发射峰，说明待测物中含有高氯酸铝。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述探针储备溶液中，化合物的浓度为1mmol/L；所述溶剂为二氯甲烷。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，待检测溶液中，探针的浓度为10μmol/L。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，待检测溶液中，待测物的浓度为10-200μmol/L。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于：步骤（2）中，检测荧光光谱的激发波长为344nm。
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