WO2023097845A1 - 一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构 - Google Patents

一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023097845A1
WO2023097845A1 PCT/CN2021/141919 CN2021141919W WO2023097845A1 WO 2023097845 A1 WO2023097845 A1 WO 2023097845A1 CN 2021141919 W CN2021141919 W CN 2021141919W WO 2023097845 A1 WO2023097845 A1 WO 2023097845A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
stator
air
cooling structure
fully enclosed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/141919
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾喜勤
许勇
张培军
李广
刘永强
张盼盼
李世杰
李嘉宾
王文庆
Original Assignee
中车永济电机有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车永济电机有限公司 filed Critical 中车永济电机有限公司
Publication of WO2023097845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023097845A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a fully enclosed self-ventilating motor cooling structure.
  • the permanent magnet motor is a special motor with permanent magnet materials on the rotor. In order to ensure the internal cleanliness of the motor and ensure the stability of the performance of the permanent magnet materials, the motor usually adopts a fully enclosed structure.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure, which can have a good heat dissipation effect on the rotor core, thereby improving the heat dissipation capability of the fully enclosed motor.
  • a fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure including a casing, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, a rotor bracket, a first turntable, and a central shaft, wherein the stator assembly, the rotor assembly, and the central shaft are arranged inside the casing, and the rotor assembly and The first turntable is set on the central shaft through the rotor bracket, and the first turntable is located at the non-drive end of the central shaft;
  • the rotor assembly has a rotor air passage extending in the axial direction, and the casing is provided with an angular air passage extending in the axial direction.
  • the casing and the first end of the rotor assembly form a first inner cavity, and the casing and the second end of the rotor assembly form a cavity.
  • the end forms a second inner cavity.
  • the side of the first turntable near the rotor assembly has a first fan blade. When the first turntable rotates following the central shaft, the first fan blade drives the gas inside the casing from the rotor air passage, the first The inner cavity, the corner air channel and the second inner cavity are circulated to form an inner circulation cooling air path;
  • the part of the rotor assembly close to the casing has a stator air passage extending in the axial direction
  • the rotor bracket has an axial air passage extending in the axial direction
  • the part of the casing at the non-drive end is provided with a first exhaust air passage connected to the stator air passage.
  • the first air inlet connected with the axial air passage, the first turntable has a second fan blade on the side opposite to the rotor assembly, when the first turntable rotates following the central rotating shaft, the second fan blade drives the outside of the casing
  • the gas circulates through the first air inlet, the axial air duct, the stator air duct and the first air outlet to form an outer circulation cooling air path; wherein, the outer circulation cooling air path and the inner circulation cooling air path are independent of each other.
  • the rotor assembly includes a rotor core, a first baffle, a second baffle, a first rotor compression ring, and a second rotor compression ring, wherein:
  • the rotor ventilation channel includes an outer row ventilation channel and an inner row ventilation channel arranged on the rotor core, and the distance from the outer row ventilation channel to the central axis of the central rotating shaft is greater than the distance from the inner row air channel to the central axis of the central rotating shaft;
  • the first rotor pressure ring is located at one end of the rotor core, and is provided with a first passage hole corresponding to the position of the inner exhaust air channel;
  • the first baffle is sleeved on the radially outer side of the first rotor pressure ring, and is located outside the port of the outer air passage.
  • the end surface of the first baffle close to the rotor core is provided with a first groove, and the first groove and the second - communicated through holes;
  • the suction side of the first fan blade is aligned with the first passage hole
  • the second rotor pressure ring is located at the other end of the rotor core, and is provided with a second passage hole corresponding to the position of the inner exhaust air channel;
  • the second baffle is sleeved on the radially outer side of the second rotor pressure ring, and is located outside the port of the outer air passage.
  • the second baffle is provided with a second groove on the end surface close to the rotor core. The two are connected through holes.
  • one end of the first rotor pressure ring is in contact with the rotor core, and the other end is a first circular truncated structure.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the first circular truncated structure are provided with a central hole for sheathing the central rotating shaft.
  • a through hole is opened on the trumpet-shaped side wall of the first circular truncated structure.
  • the radially inner side of the first fan blade is the suction side, and the radially outer side of the first fan blade is the air outlet side;
  • the two ends of the radially inner side are respectively the connection end connected to the first turntable and the free end close to the rotor assembly.
  • the distance from the free end to the rotation center axis of the central shaft is greater than the distance from the connection end to the rotation center axis of the central shaft.
  • first fan blades there are multiple first fan blades, and the plurality of first fan blades are arranged in sequence around the central rotation axis.
  • one end of the second rotor pressure ring is in contact with the rotor core, and the other end is a second circular truncated structure.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the second circular truncated structure are provided with a central hole for sheathing the central rotating shaft.
  • Two through holes are opened on the trumpet-shaped side wall of the second circular truncated structure.
  • the stator assembly includes a stator core and a stator pressure ring, wherein the stator core is fixed in the casing through the stator pressure ring, and the stator air duct is formed between the stator core and the casing.
  • the stator pressure ring is provided with an axial ventilation hole and a circumferential ventilation hole, wherein the axial ventilation hole communicates with the first inner cavity and the corner air channel or communicates with the second inner cavity and the corner air channel;
  • the circumferential ventilation hole communicates with the stator ventilation channel.
  • the stator pressure ring is also provided with radial ventilation holes, and the radial ventilation holes communicate with the first inner cavity and the axial ventilation holes, or the radial ventilation holes communicate with the second inner cavity and the axial ventilation holes .
  • the radial ventilation holes and the axial ventilation holes are arranged in a cross.
  • one axial ventilation hole communicates with multiple radial ventilation holes.
  • stator pressure rings which are respectively the first stator pressure ring and the second stator pressure ring.
  • the first stator pressure ring is located at one end of the stator core and is connected to the first inner cavity.
  • the second stator pressure ring is located at the other end of the stator core and corresponds to the second inner cavity.
  • a first outer cavity communicating with the first air inlet and the axial ventilation channel is formed between the first turntable and the casing.
  • the casing is further provided with a second air outlet, the second air outlet communicates with the first outer cavity, and the distance between the center line of the second air outlet and the axis of the central rotating shaft is greater than that of the first air outlet. The distance between the center line of the air inlet and the axis of the central rotating shaft.
  • the second fan blade is located between the first air inlet and the second air outlet.
  • the part where the casing forms the first outer cavity is the first end cover, and a first bearing is installed between the first end cover and the central rotating shaft.
  • the rotor bracket is also provided with a second turntable, the second turntable is located at the transmission end of the central shaft, a second outer cavity is formed between the second turntable and the casing, and the second outer cavity communicates with the axial direction.
  • a third fan blade is provided on the side of the second turntable opposite to the rotor assembly, and the third fan blade has a connection hole communicating with the stator air passage and the axial air passage.
  • a fourth fan blade is provided on the side of the second turntable opposite to the rotor assembly, and a second air inlet is provided between the third fan blade and the fourth fan blade, and the cooling air of the axial ventilation channel Driven by the fourth fan blade, it merges with the cooling air entering from the second air inlet.
  • the part where the casing forms the second outer cavity is the second end cover, and the second bearing is installed between the second end cover and the central rotating shaft.
  • the first turntable on which the central shaft rotates will follow it to rotate.
  • the rotation of the first turntable will drive the first fan blade and the second fan blade to rotate
  • the first fan blade will drive the gas inside the casing to flow from the rotor air channel, the first inner cavity, the corner air channel and the second inner cavity.
  • the outer circulation cooling air path and the inner circulation cooling air path are independent of each other.
  • the inner circulation cooling air path dissipates heat inside the casing, and at the same time, the heat of the motor is discharged to the outside through the outer circulation cooling air path. Thereby effectively improving the cooling effect of the motor.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure internal circulation cooling air path provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an external circulation cooling air path of a fully enclosed self-ventilating motor cooling structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of the stator pressure ring provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the stator pressure ring provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the stator pressure ring provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the stator pressure ring provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an axonometric view of the rotor bracket provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a side view of the rotor bracket provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the second turntable
  • 2 is the first turntable
  • 3 is the central shaft
  • 4 is the rotor core
  • 5 is the rotor support
  • 6 is the axial air duct
  • 7 is the first end cover
  • 8 is the first air inlet
  • 9 is the second air outlet
  • 10 is the first bearing
  • 11 is the second end cover
  • 12 is the second air inlet
  • 13 is the casing
  • 14 is the stator air duct
  • 15 is the first air outlet
  • 16 is The second bearing
  • 17 is the second stator pressure ring
  • 18 is the first stator pressure ring
  • 19 is the cross air passage structure
  • 20 is the first inner cavity
  • 21 is the second inner cavity
  • 22 is the base
  • 23 is the second rotor pressure ring
  • 24 is the first rotor pressure ring
  • 25 is the outer air duct
  • 26 is the inner air duct
  • 27 is the second baffle plate
  • 28 is the first baffle plate
  • 29 is the corner air duct
  • the embodiment of the invention discloses a fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure, which can have a good heat dissipation effect on the rotor core, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity of the fully enclosed motor.
  • the fully enclosed self-ventilated motor cooling structure provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a casing 13, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, a rotor bracket 5, a first rotating disk 1 and a central rotating shaft 3, wherein, The stator assembly, the rotor assembly and the central rotating shaft 3 are arranged inside the casing 13, the rotor assembly and the first turntable 1 are arranged on the central rotating shaft 3 through the rotor bracket 5, and the first rotating disk 1 is located at the non-transmission end of the central rotating shaft 3; wherein:
  • the rotor assembly has a rotor air passage extending in the axial direction, and the casing 13 is provided with an angular air passage 29 extending in the axial direction.
  • the casing 13 and the first end of the rotor assembly form a first inner cavity 20, and the casing 13 and the first end of the rotor assembly form a first inner cavity 20.
  • the second end of the rotor assembly forms a second inner cavity 21.
  • the side of the first turntable 1 close to the rotor assembly has a first fan blade a. When the first turntable 1 rotates following the central rotating shaft 3, the first fan blade a drives the motor.
  • the gas inside the shell 13 is circulated by the rotor air channel, the first inner cavity 20 , the corner air channel 29 and the second inner cavity 21 to form an internal circulating cooling air path.
  • the part of the rotor assembly close to the casing 13 has a stator air passage 14 extending in the axial direction, and the rotor bracket 5 has an axial air passage 6 extending in the axial direction.
  • the first air exhaust port 15 and the first air inlet 8 connected with the air passage, the first turntable 1 has a second fan blade b on the side opposite to the rotor assembly, and the first turntable 1 rotates with the central rotating shaft 3 , the second fan blade b drives the air outside the casing 13 to circulate through the first air inlet 8, the axial air duct 6, the stator air duct 14 and the first air outlet 15 to form an outer circulation cooling air path; , the outer circulation cooling air path and the inner circulation cooling air path are independent of each other.
  • the first turntable 1 on which the central rotating shaft 3 rotates will follow it to rotate.
  • the rotation of the first turntable 1 will drive the first fan blade a and the second fan blade b to rotate
  • the first fan blade a drives the gas inside the casing 13 to be ventilated by the rotor air passage, the first inner cavity 20, and the corner.
  • the circulating flow of the stator air channel 14 and the first air outlet 15 forms an external circulation cooling air path.
  • the outer circulation cooling air path and the inner circulation cooling air path are independent of each other.
  • the inner circulation cooling air path dissipates heat inside the casing 13, and at the same time, the heat of the motor is discharged to the outside through the outer circulation cooling air path. Thereby effectively reducing the heat dissipation effect of the motor.
  • the above rotor air ducts are provided on the rotor assembly to dissipate heat from the permanent magnets 30 of the rotor assembly.
  • the rotor assembly includes a rotor core 4, a first baffle 28, a second baffle 27, a first rotor compression ring 24, and a second rotor compression ring 23, and the rotor air duct is arranged on the rotor Core 4 on.
  • the rotor ventilation channel may be a prefabricated hole, or a gap formed by adjacent components, for example, the permanent magnets 30 are arranged in a staggered manner on the rotor core 4 to form a rotor channel.
  • the rotor air duct includes an outer exhaust air duct 25 and an inner exhaust air duct 26 arranged on the rotor core 4, and the distance from the outer exhaust air duct 25 to the central axis of the central rotating shaft 3 is greater than that of the inner exhaust air duct.
  • the first rotor pressure ring 24 is located at one end of the rotor core 4, and is provided with a first passage hole corresponding to the position of the inner row air channel 26;
  • the first baffle 28 is sleeved on the On the radially outer side of the first rotor pressure ring 24, and outside the port of the outer air passage 25, the first baffle plate 28 is provided with a first groove on the end surface close to the rotor core 4, and the first groove is connected with the first through hole.
  • the suction side of the first fan blade a is aligned with the port of the first passage hole;
  • the second rotor pressure ring 23 is located at the other end of the rotor core 4, and is provided with a second Through the hole;
  • the second baffle plate 27 is sleeved on the radially outer side of the second rotor pressure ring 23, and is located outside the port of the outer discharge air passage 25, and the end surface of the second baffle plate 27 near the rotor core 4 is provided with a second recess The groove, the second groove communicates with the second through hole.
  • the suction side of the first fan blade a on the first turntable 1 forms a negative pressure around the first passage hole so that the cooling of the outer exhaust air channel 25 and the inner exhaust air channel 26 is reduced.
  • the wind is sucked into the first inner cavity 20 and sent to the corner air duct 29, and the cooling air located in the second inner cavity 21 enters the outer exhaust air duct 25 and the inner exhaust air duct 26 through the second passage hole, and circulates like this This forms an internal circulation cooling air path.
  • outer air passages 25 there are multiple outer air passages 25 , and the plurality of outer air passages 25 are arranged radially and sequentially around the central rotating shaft 3 ; There are multiple inner row air passages 26 , and the plurality of inner row air passages 26 are radially arranged sequentially around the central rotating shaft 3 , and one second through hole communicates with one or more inner row air passages 26 .
  • the first rotor pressure ring 24 is bonded to the rotor core 4 or connected by bolts.
  • one end of the first rotor pressure ring 24 is in contact with the rotor core 4, and the other end is a first circular truncated structure.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the circular frustum structure are provided with a central hole for sheathing the central rotating shaft 3 , and the first through hole is opened on the trumpet-shaped side wall of the first circular frustum structure.
  • the radially inner side of the first fan blade a is the air intake side, and the radially outer side of the first fan blade a is the air outlet side;
  • the connecting end of a turntable 1 is close to the free end of the rotor assembly, and the distance from the free end to the central axis of rotation of the central shaft 3 is greater than the distance from the connecting end to the central axis of rotation of the central shaft 3 .
  • first fan blades a there are multiple first fan blades a, and the multiple first fan blades a are arranged in sequence around the central rotating shaft 3 .
  • the second rotor pressure ring 23 is bonded to the rotor core 4 or connected by bolts.
  • one end of the second rotor pressure ring 23 is in contact with the rotor core 4, and the other end is a second circular truncated structure.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface of the circular frustum structure are provided with a central hole for sheathing the central rotating shaft 3 , and the second through hole is provided on the trumpet-shaped side wall of the second circular frustum structure.
  • stator air passage 14 is arranged between the stator assembly and the casing 13, wherein the stator air passage 14 is surrounded by a part of the stator assembly, or the stator air passage 14 is enclosed by a part of the casing 13, or the stator air passage 14 is surrounded by a part of the casing 13.
  • the air passage 14 is jointly surrounded by a part of the stator assembly and a part of the casing 13 .
  • the stator assembly includes a stator core and a stator ring, wherein the stator core is fixed in the housing 13 through the stator ring, and the stator air channel 14 is formed between the stator core and the housing 13 .
  • the stator air passage 14 is surrounded by the part of the stator core, or the stator air passage 14 is surrounded by the part of the casing 13, or the stator air passage 14 is surrounded by the part of the stator core and the part of the casing 13 surrounded together.
  • stator ventilation channel 14 there is at least one stator ventilation channel 14, and when there are multiple stator ventilation channels 14, the plurality of stator ventilation channels 14 are arranged randomly, or the plurality of stator ventilation channels 14 are arranged according to a certain rule.
  • the stator air passage 14 communicates with the axial air passage 6 directly, or communicates with other air passages, for example, the communication between the stator air passage 14 and the axial air passage 6 is achieved by providing a hole structure on the stator pressure ring.
  • the stator pressure ring is provided with a circumferential ventilation hole f, wherein the circumferential ventilation hole f communicates with the stator ventilation channel 14 .
  • the independent operation of the inner circulation cooling air path and the outer circulation cooling air path can also be realized through the stator pressure ring.
  • the stator pressure ring is also provided with an axial ventilation hole e, which communicates with the first inner cavity 20 and the angular air channel 29 or communicates with the second inner cavity 21 and the angular air channel 29; the stator pressure ring is located at the non-drive end
  • the axial ventilation hole e on the part is used to communicate with the first inner cavity 20 and the angular ventilation channel 29, and the axial ventilation hole e on the part of the stator pressure ring located at the transmission end is used to communicate with the second inner cavity 21 and the angular ventilation channel 29.
  • the axial ventilation holes e and the circumferential ventilation holes f are isolated from each other.
  • axial ventilation holes e and circumferential ventilation holes f are randomly arranged on the stator pressure ring or alternately arranged on the stator pressure ring.
  • the shapes of the circumferential ventilation hole f and the axial ventilation hole e are not specifically limited, and any structure that can realize the independent operation of the two is within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the above-mentioned axial ventilation hole e directly communicates with the first inner cavity 20 or the second inner cavity 21 , or communicates indirectly with the first inner cavity 20 or the second inner cavity 21 .
  • the stator pressure ring is provided with a radial ventilation hole g, and the radial ventilation hole g communicates with the first inner cavity 20 and the axial ventilation hole e, or the radial ventilation hole g communicates with the second inner cavity 21 and the Axial ventilation holes e.
  • the radial ventilation hole g is arranged to avoid the circumferential ventilation hole f, or the radial ventilation hole g communicates with the axial ventilation hole e through the circumferential ventilation hole f, and passes through
  • the circumferential ventilation holes f are independent from the circumferential ventilation holes f, thereby forming a cross air passage structure 19 .
  • the radial ventilation holes g and the axial ventilation holes e are arranged in a cross. There is one or more radial ventilation holes g. One axial ventilation hole e communicates with a plurality of radial ventilation holes g. When the cooling air from the second inner cavity 21 passes through a plurality of radial ventilation holes g and enters the axial ventilation holes e, a confluence effect is formed.
  • stator pressure rings there are two stator pressure rings, namely the first stator pressure ring 18 and the second stator pressure ring 17.
  • the first stator pressure ring 18 is located at one end of the stator core and is connected to the first inner cavity.
  • the second stator pressure ring 17 is located at the other end of the stator core and corresponds to the second inner cavity 21 .
  • the first stator hold-down ring 18 and the second stator hold-down ring 17 are of an integral structure or of a separate structure.
  • a first outer cavity 32 communicating with the first air inlet 8 and the axial ventilation channel 6 is formed between the first turntable 1 and the casing 13 .
  • the part of the casing 13 at the non-drive end can be cooled by providing the first outer cavity 32 .
  • the first air inlet 8 is provided with a net cover 31 .
  • the casing 13 is also provided with a second air outlet 9, the second air outlet 9 communicates with the first outer cavity 32, and the center line of the second air outlet 9 is connected to the central shaft 3
  • the distance of the axis is greater than the distance between the center line of the first air inlet 8 and the axis of the central rotating shaft 3 .
  • Part of the cooling air entering the first outer cavity 32 through the first air inlet 8 will be discharged through the second air outlet 9, thereby forming a miniature external circulation cooling air path.
  • the second fan blade b is located between the first air inlet 8 and the second air outlet 9 to provide power support for the miniature external circulation cooling air path.
  • the distance between the centerline of the second fan blade b and the axis of the central rotating shaft 3 may also be greater than the distance between the centerline of the second air outlet 9 and the axis of the central rotating shaft 3 .
  • the part of the casing 13 forming the first outer cavity 32 is the first end cover 7 , and the first bearing 10 is installed between the first end cover 7 and the central rotating shaft 3 . It can be seen that the first outer cavity 32 is disposed close to the first bearing 10 , so the first bearing 10 can be cooled.
  • a second turntable 2 is also provided on the rotor bracket 5, the second turntable 2 is located at the transmission end of the central rotating shaft 3, and a second outer cavity 33 is formed between the second turntable 2 and the casing 13.
  • the two outer cavities 33 communicate with the axial air passage 6 and the stator air passage 14 .
  • the side of the second turntable 2 opposite to the rotor assembly is provided with a third blade c, and the third blade c has a connection hole communicating with the stator air passage 14 and the axial air passage 6 .
  • the third fan blade c can deliver the cooling air in the axial air passage 6 to the stator air passage 14 through the second outer cavity 33 , so as to speed up the circulation speed of the outer cooling air passage, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the side of the second turntable 2 opposite to the rotor assembly is provided with a fourth fan blade d, and a second air inlet 12 is also provided between the third fan blade c and the fourth fan blade d, and the cooling air of the axial ventilation channel 6 is Driven by the fourth fan blade d, it merges with the cooling air entering from the second air inlet 12 .
  • the part of the casing 13 forming the second outer cavity 33 is the second end cover 11 , and the second bearing 16 is installed between the second end cover 11 and the central rotating shaft 3 . It can be seen that the second outer cavity 33 is disposed close to the second bearing 16 , so the second bearing 16 can be cooled.
  • the casing 13 includes a machine base 22 , a first end cover 7 and a second end cover 11 , wherein the first end cover 7 is located at the non-driving end of the machine base 22 , and the second end cover 11 is located at the driving end of the machine base 22 .
  • the fully enclosed structure can ensure the internal cleanliness of the motor.
  • the second turntable 1 and the first turntable 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the rotor core 4, and the rotor bracket 5 between the central shaft 3 and the rotor core 4 is provided with an air duct 6, and the cooling air flows from the second turntable at the non-drive end of the motor.
  • the first air inlet 8 of one end cover 7 enters, and the first air inlet 8 of the first end cover 7 of the non-transmission end is provided with a net cover 31 outside.
  • the first end cover 7 of the transmission end and the second air outlet 9 flow out, taking away the heat generated by the first bearing 10 of the non-drive end; the other part of the cold air flows through the axial air channel 6 on the rotor rotor bracket 5, and the second air passage of the motor transmission end.
  • the cooling air flowing in from the second air inlet 12 on the two end covers 11 converges, and under the action of the fourth blade d of the second turntable 1, the heat of the second bearing 16 at the transmission end is taken away;
  • the second stator pressure ring 17 (circumferential ventilation holes f (cross air path structure 19 with internal and external air paths that can operate independently) flowing through the transmission end enters the stator core 13 Axial ventilation channel 14, flowing out of the first stator pressure ring at the non-drive end 18 Circumferential ventilation holes f (the inner and outer air channels can operate independently of the criss-cross air channel structure 19), and finally from the first end of the non-drive end
  • the air outlet 15 of the cover 7 flows out to form a motor external circulation cooling air path.
  • a second turntable 1 and a first turntable 2 are respectively installed at both ends of the rotor core.
  • the cold wind generated by the first turntable 2 and the first fan blade a at the non-drive end flows through the first inner cavity 20 at the non-drive end of the motor, from the non-drive end
  • the axial ventilation holes e at the four corners of the first stator pressure ring 18 at the end enter the four corner air passages 29 of the motor frame 22 and flow through After the four corner air passages 29, it flows out from the second stator pressure ring 17 four corner axial ventilation holes e (inside and outside air paths can operate independently of the cross air path structure 19) of the second stator pressure ring 17 of the motor transmission end, and passes through the first at the transmission end.
  • Two inner cavities 21 flow into the ventilation holes on the second rotor pressure ring 23 of the upper transmission end of the rotor iron core 4 (the permanent magnet 30 is housed in the rotor iron core).
  • the air channel 26 flows out from the ventilation hole on the first rotor pressure ring 24 of the non-driving end on the rotor core 4, and flows back to the first inner cavity 20 of the non-driving end; the other air passes through the second gear of the permanent magnet at the driving end
  • the inner gap of the plate 27 enters the outer discharge air channel 25 of the rotor core, and flows out from the inner gap of the first baffle plate 28 of the permanent magnet at the non-drive end, and passes through the ventilation hole on the first rotor pressure ring 24 of the non-drive end on the rotor core 4 Flow out, and flow back to the inner cavity 24 of the non-drive end.
  • the reciprocating cycle forms the cooling air path in the motor, accelerates the internal heat exchange, and transfers the heat inside the motor to the four corner air passages 29 of

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Abstract

本发明实施例涉及电机技术领域，公开了一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构。包括机壳、定子组件、转子组件、转子支架、第一转盘和中心转轴，其中，定子组件、转子组件和中心转轴布置于机壳内部，转子组件和第一转盘通过转子支架设置在中心转轴上，第一转盘位于中心转轴的非传动端；第一扇叶驱动机壳内部的气体由转子通风道、第一内侧腔体、角通风道和第二内侧腔体循环流动，以形成内循环冷却风路；第二扇叶驱动机壳外部的气体由第一进风口、轴向通风道、定子通风道和第一排风口循环流动，以形成外循环冷却风路；其中，外循环冷却风路与内循环冷却风路相互独立。该全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构能够对转子铁芯起到良好的散热效果。

Description

一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202111462268.3、申请日为2021年12月02日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，特别涉及一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构。
背景技术
永磁电机是一种在转子上装有永磁材料的特殊电机，为保证电机内部清洁无故障，确保永磁材料性能的稳定性，电机通常采用全封闭式结构。
相对于开放式结构的电机(即开放式电机)，全封闭式结构的电机(即全封闭式电机)的散热和冷却效率较低，在没有采取有效的散热措施的情况下，或是，虽有散热措施但散热效率不高的情况下，电机温度升高快，影响转子上永磁材料的磁性能，较高的温度也会引起永磁体磁性能的变化，造成永磁体重新充磁也不能复原的损失，继而影响到电机正常安全运行。
因此，如何提高全封闭式电机的散热能力，是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，能够对转子铁芯起到良好的散热效果，从而提高全封闭式电机的 散热能力。
为实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供如下技术方案：
一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，包括机壳、定子组件、转子组件、转子支架、第一转盘和中心转轴，其中，定子组件、转子组件和中心转轴布置于机壳内部，转子组件和第一转盘通过转子支架设置在中心转轴上，第一转盘位于中心转轴的非传动端；其中：
转子组件具有沿轴向延伸的转子通风道，机壳上设置有延轴向延伸的角通风道，机壳与转子组件的第一端形成第一内侧腔体，机壳与转子组件的第二端形成第二内侧腔体，第一转盘靠近转子组件的一侧具有第一扇叶，第一转盘在跟随中心转轴转动时，第一扇叶驱动机壳内部的气体由转子通风道、第一内侧腔体、角通风道和第二内侧腔体循环流动，以形成内循环冷却风路；
转子组件靠近机壳的部分具有沿轴向延伸的定子通风道，转子支架具有沿轴向延伸的轴向通风道，机壳位于非传动端的部位设置有与定子通风道相连通的第一排风口和与轴向通风道相连通的第一进风口，第一转盘与转子组件相悖的一侧具有第二扇叶，第一转盘在跟随中心转轴转动时，第二扇叶驱动机壳外部的气体由第一进风口、轴向通风道、定子通风道和第一排风口循环流动，以形成外循环冷却风路；其中，外循环冷却风路与内循环冷却风路相互独立。
本发明一些实施例中，转子组件包括转子铁芯、第一挡板、第二挡板、第一转子压圈和第二转子压圈，其中：
转子通风道包括设置于转子铁芯的外排通风道和内排通风道，外排通风道到中心转轴的中心轴线的距离大于内排通风道到中心转轴的中心轴线的距离；
第一转子压圈位于转子铁芯的一端，并设置有与内排通风道位置对应 的第一通过孔；
第一挡板套设在第一转子压圈的径向外侧，且位于外排通风道的端口外，第一挡板靠近转子铁芯的端面设置有第一凹槽，第一凹槽与第一通过孔连通；
第一扇叶的吸气侧对准第一通过孔；
第二转子压圈位于转子铁芯的另一端，并设置有与内排通风道位置对应的第二通过孔；
第二挡板套设在第二转子压圈的径向外侧，且位于外排通风道的端口外，第二挡板靠近转子铁芯的端面设置有第二凹槽，第二凹槽与第二通过孔连通。
本发明一些实施例中，外排通风道数量为多个，多个外排通风道绕中心转轴径向依次排布；一个第一通过孔与一个或多个内排通风道连通。
本发明一些实施例中，内排通风道数量为多个，多个内排通风道绕中心转轴径向依次排布，一个第二通过孔与一个或多个内排通风道连通。
本发明一些实施例中，第一转子压圈的一端与转子铁芯相抵，另一端为第一圆台结构，第一圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设中心转轴的中心孔，第一通过孔开设在第一圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
本发明一些实施例中，第一扇叶的径向内侧边为吸气侧，第一扇叶的径向外侧边为出气侧；
径向内侧边的两端分别为与第一转盘连接的连接端、靠近转子组件的自由端，自由端到中心转轴的转动中心轴线的距离大于连接端到中心转轴的转动中心轴线的距离。
本发明一些实施例中，第一扇叶的数量为多个，多个第一扇叶绕中心转轴依次排布。
本发明一些实施例中，第二转子压圈的一端与转子铁芯相抵，另一端 为第二圆台结构，第二圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设中心转轴的中心孔，第二通过孔开设在第二圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
本发明一些实施例中，定子组件包括定子铁芯和定子压圈，其中，定子铁芯通过定子压圈固定在机壳中，定子通风道形成于定子铁芯与机壳之间。
本发明一些实施例中，定子压圈设置有轴向通风孔和周向通风孔，其中，轴向通风孔连通第一内侧腔体与角通风道或者连通第二内侧腔体与角通风道；周向通风孔连通定子通风道。
本发明一些实施例中，轴向通风孔和周向通风孔的数量为多个，且随机布置在定子压圈上或者交替布置在定子压圈上。
本发明一些实施例中，定子压圈还设置有径向通风孔，径向通风孔连通第一内侧腔体与轴向通风孔，或者径向通风孔连通第二内侧腔体与轴向通风孔。
本发明一些实施例中，径向通风孔与轴向通风孔呈十字交叉布置。
本发明一些实施例中，一个轴向通风孔与多个径向通风孔连通。
本发明一些实施例中，定子压圈有两个，分别为第一定子压圈和第二定子压圈，第一定子压圈位于定子铁芯的一端，并与第一内侧腔体相对应，第二定子压圈位于定子铁芯的另一端，并与第二内侧腔体相对应。
本发明一些实施例中，第一转盘与机壳之间形成连通第一进风口和轴向通风道的第一外侧腔体。
本发明一些实施例中，机壳上还设置有第二排风口，第二排风口与第一外侧腔体连通，且第二排风口的中心线与中心转轴的轴线的距离大于第一进风口的中心线与中心转轴的轴线的距离。
本发明一些实施例中，第二扇叶介于第一进风口与第二排风口之间。
本发明一些实施例中，机壳形成第一外侧腔体的部位为第一端盖，第 一端盖与中心转轴之间安装有第一轴承。
本发明一些实施例中，转子支架上还设置有第二转盘，第二转盘位于中心转轴的传动端，第二转盘与机壳之间形成第二外侧腔体，第二外侧腔体连通轴向通风道与定子通风道。
本发明一些实施例中，第二转盘与转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第三扇叶，第三扇叶具有连通定子通风道和轴向通风道的连接孔。
本发明一些实施例中，第二转盘与转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第四扇叶，第三扇叶与第四扇叶之间还设置有第二进风口，轴向通风道的冷却风在第四扇叶的驱动下与第二进风口进入的冷却风汇合。
本发明一些实施例中，机壳形成第二外侧腔体的部位为第二端盖，第二端盖与中心转轴之间安装有第二轴承。
本发明实施例的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构运行时，中心转轴在旋转过程中位于其上的第一转盘会跟随其转动。一方面，第一转盘的转动会带动第一扇叶和第二扇叶转动，第一扇叶驱动机壳内部的气体由转子通风道、第一内侧腔体、角通风道和第二内侧腔体循环的流动，以形成内循环冷却风路；另一方面，第二扇叶驱动机壳外部的气体由第一进风口、轴向通风道、定子通风道和第一排风口循环的流动，以形成外循环冷却风路。其中，外循环冷却风路与内循环冷却风路相互独立。上述过程中，内循环冷却风路机壳内部进行散热，同时通过外循环冷却风路将电机的热量排到外部。从而有效的提高了电机的散热效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附 图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构的剖视图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构内循环冷却风路的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构外循环冷却风路的示意图
图4为本发明实施例提供的定子压圈的俯视图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的定子压圈的局部结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的定子压圈的局部结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的定子压圈的局部结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的转子支架的轴测图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的转子支架的侧视图。
其中，1为第二转盘、2为第一转盘、3为中心转轴、4为转子铁芯、5为转子支架、6为轴向通风道、7为第一端盖、8为第一进风口、9为第二排风口、10为第一轴承、11为第二端盖、12为第二进风口、13为机壳、14为定子通风道、15为第一排风口、16为第二轴承、17为第二定子压圈、18为第一定子压圈、19为十字交叉风路结构、20为第一内侧腔体、21为第二内侧腔体、22为机座、23为第二转子压圈、24为第一转子压圈、25为外排通风道、26为内排通风道、27为第二挡板、28为第一挡板、29为角通风道、30为永磁体、31为网罩、32为第一外侧腔体、33为第二外侧腔体、a为第一扇叶、b为第二扇叶、c为第三扇叶、d为第四扇叶、e为轴向通风孔、f为周向通风孔、g为径向通风孔。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，能够对转子 铁芯起到良好的散热效果，从而提高全封闭式电机的散热能力。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1至图9，本发明实施例一提供的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，包括机壳13、定子组件、转子组件、转子支架5、第一转盘1和中心转轴3，其中，定子组件、转子组件和中心转轴3布置于机壳13内部，转子组件和第一转盘1通过转子支架5设置在中心转轴3上，第一转盘1位于中心转轴3的非传动端；其中：
转子组件具有沿轴向延伸的转子通风道，机壳13上设置有延轴向延伸的角通风道29，机壳13与转子组件的第一端形成第一内侧腔体20，机壳13与转子组件的第二端形成第二内侧腔体21，第一转盘1靠近转子组件的一侧具有第一扇叶a，第一转盘1在跟随中心转轴3转动时，第一扇叶a驱动机壳13内部的气体由转子通风道、第一内侧腔体20、角通风道29和第二内侧腔体21循环的流动，以形成内循环冷却风路。
转子组件靠近机壳13的部分具有沿轴向延伸的定子通风道14，转子支架5具有沿轴向延伸的轴向通风道6，机壳13位于非传动端的部位设置有与定子通风道14相连通的第一排风口15和与通风道相连通的第一进风口8，第一转盘1与转子组件相悖的一侧具有第二扇叶b，第一转盘1在跟随中心转轴3转动时，第二扇叶b驱动机壳13外部的气体由第一进风口8、轴向通风道6、定子通风道14和第一排风口15循环的流动，以形成外循环冷却风路；其中，外循环冷却风路与内循环冷却风路相互独立。
本发明实施例的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构运行时，中心转轴3在 旋转过程中位于其上的第一转盘1会跟随其转动。一方面，第一转盘1的转动会带动第一扇叶a和第二扇叶b转动，第一扇叶a驱动机壳13内部的气体由转子通风道、第一内侧腔体20、角通风道29和第二内侧腔体21循环的流动，以形成内循环冷却风路；另一方面，第二扇叶b驱动机壳13外部的气体由第一进风口8、轴向通风道6、定子通风道14和第一排风口15循环的流动，以形成外循环冷却风路。其中，外循环冷却风路与内循环冷却风路相互独立。上述过程中，内循环冷却风路机壳13内部进行散热，同时通过外循环冷却风路将电机的热量排到外部。从而有效的降低了电机的散热效果。
需要说明的是，以上转子通风道设置在转子组件上，以对转子组件的永磁体30散热。具体的，本发明一些实施例中，转子组件包括转子铁芯4、第一挡板28、第二挡板27、第一转子压圈24和第二转子压圈23，转子通风道设置于转子铁芯4上。其中，该转子通风道可以为预制的孔，或者相邻部件形成的缝隙，例如转子铁芯4上错开布置永磁体30以形成转子通道。转子通风道的数量为至少一条，当为多条时，多条转子通风道随机布置，或者按照一定规律进行布置。
本发明的一些实施例中，转子通风道包括设置于转子铁芯4的外排通风道25和内排通风道26，外排通风道25到中心转轴3的中心轴线的距离大于内排通风道26到中心转轴3的中心轴线的距离；第一转子压圈24位于转子铁芯4的一端，并设置有与内排通风道26位置对应的第一通过孔；第一挡板28套设在第一转子压圈24的径向外侧，且位于外排通风道25的端口外，第一挡板28靠近转子铁芯4的端面设置有第一凹槽，第一凹槽与第一通过孔连通；第一扇叶a的吸气侧对准第一通过孔的端口外；第二转子压圈23位于转子铁芯4的另一端，并设置有与内排通风道26位置对应的第二通过孔；第二挡板27套设在第二转子压圈23的径向外侧，且位于 外排通风道25的端口外，第二挡板27靠近转子铁芯4的端面设置有第二凹槽，第二凹槽与第二通过孔连通。
第一转盘1跟随中心转轴3转动时，第一转盘1上的第一扇叶a的吸气侧在第一通过孔周围形成负压从而将外排通风道25和内排通风道26的冷却风抽吸至第一内侧腔体20，并输送至角通风道29，位于第二内侧腔体21的冷却风通过第二通过孔进入至外排通风道25和内排通风道26，如此循环此形成内循环冷却风路。
需要说明的是，外排通风道25数量为多个，多个外排通风道25绕中心转轴3径向依次排布；一个第一通过孔与一个或多个内排通风道26连通。内排通风道26数量为多个，多个内排通风道26绕中心转轴3径向依次排布，一个第二通过孔与一个或多个内排通风道26连通。
第一转子压圈24与转子铁芯4粘结或者通过螺栓连接，本发明一些实施例中，第一转子压圈24的一端与转子铁芯4相抵，另一端为第一圆台结构，第一圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设中心转轴3的中心孔，第一通过孔开设在第一圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
本发明一些实施例中，第一扇叶a的径向内侧边为吸气侧，第一扇叶a的径向外侧边为出气侧；径向内侧边的两端分别为与第一转盘1连接的连接端、靠近转子组件的自由端，自由端到中心转轴3的转动中心轴线的距离大于连接端到中心转轴3的转动中心轴线的距离。
本发明一些实施例中，第一扇叶a的数量为多个，多个第一扇叶a绕中心转轴3依次排布。
第二转子压圈23与转子铁芯4粘结或者通过螺栓连接，本发明一些实施例中，第二转子压圈23的一端与转子铁芯4相抵，另一端为第二圆台结构，第二圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设中心转轴3的中心孔，第二通过孔开设在第二圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
需要说明的是，定子通风道14设置于定子组件与机壳13之间，其中，定子通风道14为定子组件的部分围成，或者定子通风道14为机壳13的部分围成，或者定子通风道14由定子组件的部分和机壳13的部分共同围成。
本发明一些实施例中，定子组件包括定子铁芯和定子压圈，其中，定子铁芯通过定子压圈固定在机壳13中，定子通风道14形成于定子铁芯与机壳13之间。可以理解的是，该定子通风道14为定子铁芯的部分围成，或者定子通风道14为机壳13的部分围成，或者定子通风道14由定子铁芯的部分和机壳13的部分共同围成。
其中，定子通风道14的数量为至少一条，当为多条时，多条定子通风道14随机布置，或者多条定子通风道14按照一定的规律进行布置。
上述定子通风道14直接与轴向通风道6连通，或者通过其他风道进行连通，例如通过在定子压圈上设置孔结构实现定子通风道14与轴向通风道6的连通。例如，定子压圈设置有周向通风孔f，其中，周向通风孔f连通定子通风道14。
本发明一些实施例中，通过定子压圈还可实现内循环冷却风路和外循环冷却风路的独立进行。具体的，该定子压圈还设置有轴向通风孔e，该连通第一内侧腔体20与角通风道29或者连通第二内侧腔体21与角通风道29；定子压圈位于非传动端的部分上的轴向通风孔e用于连通第一内侧腔体20与角通风道29，定子压圈位于传动端的部分上的轴向通风孔e用于连通第二内侧腔体21与角通风道29。其中，轴向通风孔e与周向通风孔f相互隔离。
轴向通风孔e和周向通风孔f的数量为多个，且随机布置在定子压圈上或者交替布置在定子压圈上。周向通风孔f和轴向通风孔e的形状不作具体限定，是要能够实现二者相互独立运行的结构均在本发明的保护范围内。
上述轴向通风孔e直接与第一内侧腔体20连通或者第二内侧腔体21 连通，或者间接与第一内侧腔体20连通或者第二内侧腔体21连通。间接的连通中，该定子压圈设置有径向通风孔g，径向通风孔g连通第一内侧腔体20与轴向通风孔e，或者径向通风孔g连通第二内侧腔体21与轴向通风孔e。
本发明一些实施例中，该径向通风孔g避开周向通风孔f进行布置，或者，该径向通风孔g穿过周向通风孔f与轴向通风孔e连通，且在穿过周向通风孔f时与周向通风孔f相独立，从而形成十字交叉风路结构19。
径向通风孔g与轴向通风孔e呈十字交叉布置。径向通风孔g为一个，或者多个。一个轴向通风孔e与多个径向通风孔g连通。当由第二内侧腔体21的冷却风经过多个径向通风孔g进入轴向通风孔e，形成汇流的作用。
从布置位置来说，定子压圈有两个，分别为第一定子压圈18和第二定子压圈17，第一定子压圈18位于定子铁芯的一端，并与第一内侧腔体20相对应，第二定子压圈17位于定子铁芯的另一端，并与第二内侧腔体21相对应。但是需要说明的是，第一定子压圈18和第二定子压圈17为一体式结构或者分体式结构。
为了提高散热效率，本发明的一些实施例中，第一转盘1与机壳13之间形成连通第一进风口8和轴向通风道6的第一外侧腔体32。通过设置第一外侧腔体32可以对机壳13的处于非传动端的部分进行冷却。为了避免进入杂质，该第一进风口8处设置有网罩31。
本发明一些实施例中，机壳13上还设置有第二排风口9，第二排风口9与第一外侧腔体32连通，且第二排风口9的中心线与中心转轴3的轴线的距离大于第一进风口8的中心线与中心转轴3的轴线的距离。经由第一进风口8进入第一外侧腔体32中的部分冷却风会经过第二排风口9排出，从而形成一个微型的外循环冷却风路。
本发明一些实施例中，第二扇叶b介于第一进风口8与第二排风口9 之间，为微型的外循环冷却风路提供动力支持。当然，该第二扇叶b的中心线与中心转轴3的轴线的距离，还可大于第二排风口9的中心线与中心转轴3的轴线的距离。
机壳13形成第一外侧腔体32的部位为第一端盖7，第一端盖7与中心转轴3之间安装有第一轴承10。可见，第一外侧腔体32的设置靠近第一轴承10，因此，能够对第一轴承10进行冷却。
本发明一些实施例中，转子支架5上还设置有第二转盘2，第二转盘2位于中心转轴3的传动端，第二转盘2与机壳13之间形成第二外侧腔体33，第二外侧腔体33连通轴向通风道6与定子通风道14。
第二转盘2与转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第三扇叶c，第三扇叶c具有连通定子通风道14和轴向通风道6的连接孔。第三扇叶c能够将轴向通风道6中的冷却风通过第二外侧腔体33输送至定子通风道14，从而加快了外循环冷却风路的循环速度，从而提高了散热效率。
第二转盘2与转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第四扇叶d，第三扇叶c与第四扇叶d之间还设置有第二进风口12，轴向通风道6的冷却风在第四扇叶d的驱动下与第二进风口12进入的冷却风汇合。
机壳13形成第二外侧腔体33的部位为第二端盖11，第二端盖11与中心转轴3之间安装有第二轴承16。可见，第二外侧腔体33的设置靠近第二轴承16，因此，能够对第二轴承16进行冷却。
上述机壳13包括机座22、第一端盖7和第二端盖11，其中，第一端盖7位于机座22的非传动端，第二端盖11位于机座22的传动端。
实施例一
一种设有转子冷却的内外结合的全封闭电机自通风冷却结构，加快电机内部热传导，降低电机温升的同时，全封闭式结构能够确保电机内部清洁。在转子铁芯4两端分别安装有第二转盘1和第一转盘2，中心转轴3与 转子铁芯4之间的转子支架5上设有通风道6，冷却风从电机非传动端的的第一端盖7第一进风口8进入，非传动端的第一端盖7的第一进风口8外设有网罩31，在第一转盘2第二扇叶b的作用下，一部分冷风从非传动端的的第一端盖7第二出风口9流出，带走非传动端的第一轴承10产生的热量；另一部分冷风流经转子转子支架5上的轴向通风道6，与电机传动端的第二端盖11上的第二进风口12流入的冷却风汇合，在第二转盘1第四扇叶d的作用下，带走传动端的第二轴承16的热量；经第二转盘1，在第二转盘1第三扇叶c的作用下，流经传动端的第二定子压圈17(周向通风孔f(内、外风路可独立运行的十字交叉风路结构19)，进入定子铁芯13轴向通风道14，流出非传动端的第一定子压圈18周向通风孔f(内、外风路可独立运行的十字交叉风路结构19)，最后从非传动端的的第一端盖7出风口15流出，形成电机外循环冷却风路。
在转子铁芯两端分别安装有第二转盘1和第一转盘2，非传动端的第一转盘2第一扇叶a产生的冷风流过电机非传动端的第一内侧腔体20，从非传动端的第一定子压圈18的四个角的轴向通风孔e(内、外风路可独立运行的十字交叉风路结构19)进入电机机座22的四个角通风道29，流经四个角通风道29后，再从电机传动端的第二定子压圈17四个角轴向通风孔e(内、外风路可独立运行的十字交叉风路结构19)流出，经过传动端的第二内侧腔体21，流进转子铁芯4(转子铁芯内装有永磁体30)上传动端的第二转子压圈23上的通风孔，风分两路，一路进入转子铁芯4的内排通风道26，从转子铁芯4上非传动端的第一转子压圈24上的通风孔流出，又流回非传动端的第一内侧腔体20；另一路风穿过传动端的永磁体第二挡板27内侧间隙进入转子铁芯的外排通风道25，又从非传动端的永磁体第一挡板28内侧间隙流出，通过转子铁芯4上非传动端的第一转子压圈24上的通风孔流出，又流回非传动端的内侧腔体24。往复循环，形成电机内循环冷却 风路，加速内部热量交换，将电机内部的热量传递到机座22的四个角通风道29上散射出去。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明实施例。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，包括机壳、定子组件、转子组件、转子支架、第一转盘和中心转轴，其中，所述定子组件、所述转子组件和所述中心转轴布置于所述机壳内部，所述转子组件和所述第一转盘通过所述转子支架设置在所述中心转轴上，所述第一转盘位于所述中心转轴的非传动端；其中：
    所述转子组件具有沿轴向延伸的转子通风道，所述机壳上设置有延轴向延伸的角通风道，所述机壳与所述转子组件的第一端形成第一内侧腔体，所述机壳与所述转子组件的第二端形成第二内侧腔体，所述第一转盘靠近所述转子组件的一侧具有第一扇叶，所述第一转盘在跟随所述中心转轴转动时，所述第一扇叶驱动所述机壳内部的气体由所述转子通风道、所述第一内侧腔体、所述角通风道和所述第二内侧腔体循环流动，以形成内循环冷却风路；
    所述转子组件靠近所述机壳的部分具有沿轴向延伸的定子通风道，所述转子支架具有沿轴向延伸的轴向通风道，所述机壳位于非传动端的部位设置有与所述定子通风道相连通的第一排风口和与所述轴向通风道相连通的第一进风口，所述第一转盘与所述转子组件相悖的一侧具有第二扇叶，所述第一转盘在跟随所述中心转轴转动时，所述第二扇叶驱动所述机壳外部的气体由所述第一进风口、所述轴向通风道、所述定子通风道和所述第一排风口循环流动，以形成外循环冷却风路；其中，所述外循环冷却风路与所述内循环冷却风路相互独立。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述转子组件包括转子铁芯、第一挡板、第二挡板、第一转子压圈和第二转子压圈，其中：
    所述转子通风道包括设置于所述转子铁芯的外排通风道和内排通风 道，所述外排通风道到所述中心转轴的中心轴线的距离大于所述内排通风道到所述中心转轴的中心轴线的距离；
    所述第一转子压圈位于所述转子铁芯的一端，并设置有与所述内排通风道位置对应的第一通过孔；
    所述第一挡板套设在所述第一转子压圈的径向外侧，且位于所述外排通风道的端口外，所述第一挡板靠近所述转子铁芯的端面设置有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽与所述第一通过孔连通；
    所述第一扇叶的吸气侧对准所述第一通过孔；
    所述第二转子压圈位于所述转子铁芯的另一端，并设置有与所述内排通风道位置对应的第二通过孔；
    所述第二挡板套设在所述第二转子压圈的径向外侧，且位于所述外排通风道的端口外，所述第二挡板靠近所述转子铁芯的端面设置有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽与所述第二通过孔连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述外排通风道数量为多个，多个所述外排通风道绕所述中心转轴径向依次排布；一个所述第一通过孔与一个或多个所述内排通风道连通。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述内排通风道数量为多个，多个所述内排通风道绕所述中心转轴径向依次排布，一个所述第二通过孔与一个或多个所述内排通风道连通。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第一转子压圈的一端与所述转子铁芯相抵，另一端为第一圆台结构，所述第一圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设所述中心转轴的中心孔，所述第一通过孔开设在所述第一圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第一扇叶的径向内侧边为所述吸气侧，所述第一扇叶的径向外侧边为出气侧；
    所述径向内侧边的两端分别为与所述第一转盘连接的连接端、靠近所述转子组件的自由端，所述自由端到所述中心转轴的转动中心轴线的距离大于所述连接端到所述中心转轴的转动中心轴线的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第一扇叶的数量为多个，多个所述第一扇叶绕所述中心转轴依次排布。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第二转子压圈的一端与所述转子铁芯相抵，另一端为第二圆台结构，所述第二圆台结构的顶面和底面贯通开设有用于套设所述中心转轴的中心孔，所述第二通过孔开设在所述第二圆台结构的喇叭形侧壁上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述定子组件包括定子铁芯和定子压圈，其中，所述定子铁芯通过所述定子压圈固定在所述机壳中，所述定子通风道形成于所述定子铁芯与所述机壳之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述定子压圈设置有轴向通风孔和周向通风孔，其中，所述轴向通风孔连通所述第一内侧腔体与所述角通风道或者连通所述第二内侧腔体与所述角通风道；所述周向通风孔连通所述定子通风道。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述轴向通风孔和所述周向通风孔的数量为多个，且随机布置在所述定子压圈上或者交替布置在所述定子压圈上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述定子压圈还设置有径向通风孔，所述径向通风孔连通所述第一内侧腔体与所述轴向通风孔，或者所述径向通风孔连通所述第二内侧腔体与所述轴向通风孔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述径 向通风孔与所述轴向通风孔呈十字交叉布置。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，一个所述轴向通风孔与多个所述径向通风孔连通。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述定子压圈有两个，分别为第一定子压圈和第二定子压圈，所述第一定子压圈位于所述定子铁芯的一端，并与所述第一内侧腔体相对应，所述第二定子压圈位于所述定子铁芯的另一端，并与所述第二内侧腔体相对应。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第一转盘与所述机壳之间形成连通所述第一进风口和所述轴向通风道的第一外侧腔体。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述机壳上还设置有第二排风口，所述第二排风口与所述第一外侧腔体连通，且所述第二排风口的中心线与所述中心转轴的轴线的距离大于所述第一进风口的中心线与所述中心转轴的轴线的距离。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第二扇叶介于所述第一进风口与所述第二排风口之间。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述机壳形成所述第一外侧腔体的部位为第一端盖，所述第一端盖与所述中心转轴之间安装有第一轴承。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述转子支架上还设置有第二转盘，所述第二转盘位于所述中心转轴的传动端，所述第二转盘与所述机壳之间形成第二外侧腔体，所述第二外侧腔体连通所述轴向通风道与所述定子通风道。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第二转盘与所述转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第三扇叶，所述第三扇叶具有 连通所述定子通风道和所述轴向通风道的连接孔。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述第二转盘与所述转子组件相悖的一侧设置有第四扇叶，所述第三扇叶与所述第四扇叶之间还设置有第二进风口，所述轴向通风道的冷却风在第四扇叶的驱动下与所述第二进风口进入的冷却风汇合。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的全封闭自通风式电机冷却结构，所述机壳形成所述第二外侧腔体的部位为第二端盖，所述第二端盖与所述中心转轴之间安装有第二轴承。
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