WO2021027301A1 - 定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统 - Google Patents

定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027301A1
WO2021027301A1 PCT/CN2020/084248 CN2020084248W WO2021027301A1 WO 2021027301 A1 WO2021027301 A1 WO 2021027301A1 CN 2020084248 W CN2020084248 W CN 2020084248W WO 2021027301 A1 WO2021027301 A1 WO 2021027301A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
cooling
block
unit
block body
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/084248
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙永岗
金孝龙
缪骏
崔明
卢江跃
施杨
陈健
王海洋
Original Assignee
上海电气风电集团股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司
Priority to EP20852745.7A priority Critical patent/EP3968501A4/en
Priority to KR1020217038635A priority patent/KR102625998B1/ko
Publication of WO2021027301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027301A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/185—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to outer stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/187—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to inner stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/08—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium circulating wholly within the machine casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stator block, a stator assembly and a cooling system for the stator assembly.
  • Direct drive wind turbines are mainly composed of stator, rotor, fixed shaft, rotating shaft, braking system, and cooling unit. According to the rotating parts, it is divided into two types: inner rotor and outer rotor.
  • inner rotor When the direct-drive wind turbine is working normally, a reasonable cooling method must be adopted to cool the key components such as the stator core and magnetic pole of the generator to prevent the unit from failing due to excessive temperature.
  • the commonly used cooling method is: the cooling device guides the cooled airflow through the cavity formed by the rotor house and the stator to the stator core, takes away the heat from the stator core surface, and circulates sequentially to ensure that the temperature of the generator is controlled at Within a reasonable range
  • the cavity composed of the rotor house and the stator extends to the fixed axis, and the entire cavity is too large.
  • the cavity between the stator core and the fixed shaft is not partitioned and isolated.
  • small parts such as bolts and washers
  • ferrite parts such as bolts and washers are easily adsorbed by the magnetic poles, thereby entering the air gap between the stator core and the magnetic poles, posing serious safety hazards.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the inconvenient maintenance of the cooling unit of the direct-drive wind generator in the prior art, the problem of hidden safety hazards, and the defects that the bearing is greatly affected by the heating of the motor, and provide a stator block and stator assembly And the cooling system of the stator assembly.
  • stator block characterized in that the stator block includes:
  • a block body the block body has two axial end plates and a lateral end plate located between the two axial end plates, the axial end plate and the lateral end plate surround to form a receiving space Cavity, the axial end plate is provided with a cooling air outlet;
  • a stator core unit which is connected to the radially outer end surface of the block body
  • At least one cooling unit is provided in the accommodating cavity of the block body, and the hot air emitted by the stator core unit is introduced into the cooling unit, cooled by the cooling unit, and then discharged from the cooling air outlet.
  • the cooling unit realizes modular design and assembly.
  • the cooling unit sub-unit components are integrated in the stator sub-blocks, and then the overall system integration is implemented after the stator sub-blocks are modularized to improve assembly efficiency.
  • this solution achieves directional cooling.
  • the cooling unit is integrated in the stator block, sucks the hot air emitted by the stator core unit at a close distance, and then flows back to the stator rotor through the cooling air outlet reserved on the stator block after cooling.
  • the air gap between and the stator core unit Under the same displacement, this arrangement shortens the air circulation path, accelerates the air cooling circulation speed, and improves the cooling effect.
  • this solution implements separation measures for the maintenance area and the electromagnetic area.
  • the cooling unit is integrated in the stator block to isolate the passage between the stator block and the stator support, and the maintenance space inside the generator is closed and isolated from the generator stator core and rotor magnetic poles. In this way, small parts such as sundries, bolts, and maintenance tools can be prevented from falling between the stator core unit and the rotor magnetic poles, so as to avoid damage to the generator and improve the safety of generator operation and maintenance.
  • the maintenance manhole provided on the stator support does not need to be sealed with a cover plate, that is, the sealing cover plate on the manhole can be eliminated. Simplifies the structure and facilitates the access of maintenance personnel.
  • the integration of the cooling unit in the stator sub-block can reduce the parts in the stator support, increase the maintenance space in the stator support, and facilitate the maintenance of the generator.
  • the maintenance area is separated from the electronic area to reduce the influence of the heat generated by the electromagnetic area on the main bearing.
  • the stator block is appropriately enlarged and the cooling unit is integrated, which not only improves the rigidity of the stator block, but also reduces the size of the stator support, which is beneficial to the processing and manufacturing of the stator support.
  • the cooling unit is hermetically connected to the axial end plate and the lateral end plate of the block body through a mounting plate.
  • the cooling unit includes a heat exchanger and a fan, and the heat exchanger is arranged toward the stator core unit, wherein between the heat exchanger and the fan, the fan and the cooling The air outlets are guided and communicated through the ventilation duct.
  • the heat exchanger and the fan are connected by a special-shaped air duct, and/or the fan and the cooling air outlet are connected by a horn-shaped air duct.
  • the shape of the stator block is a sector shape, and a plurality of the stator block bodies are assembled to form an annular stator ring.
  • an airflow communication opening is opened on the lateral end plate and located on the radially outer side of the mounting plate, and each of the airflow communication openings is connected between each of the stator core units and each of the cooling units.
  • the cooling area is defined by the lateral end plate and located on the radially outer side of the mounting plate, and each of the airflow communication openings is connected between each of the stator core units and each of the cooling units.
  • At least two cooling units are provided in each of the block main bodies, and the stator core unit and the cooling area between the at least two cooling units are in communication with each other.
  • Two sets of cooling units are installed inside each stator block to cool the stator core unit in a local area, and the cooling area between the two sets of cooling units is connected.
  • two sets of cooling units need to work together to meet the cooling requirements of the stator core unit on the stator block.
  • one of the cooling units fails, due to the cooling area between the two sets of cooling units If it is connected, another cooling unit can still cool the stator core unit on the stator block.
  • the generator reduces the operating power and can still generate electricity while waiting for maintenance, which improves economic efficiency.
  • the cooling air outlets connected to the adjacent cooling units are respectively located on the axial end plates on both sides of the block body.
  • a stator assembly is characterized in that the stator assembly includes a stator support and a plurality of the stator blocks connected to the stator support.
  • the stator support includes a maintenance area located within the radially inner end of the block body, and each of the stator core units and the rotor magnetic pole of the generator passes through each of the block bodies. Is isolated from the maintenance area.
  • the stator assembly further includes a sealing plate located in a radial direction of the cooling air outlet and sealingly connected between the stator support and the generator rotor support.
  • a cooling system for a stator assembly includes a stator assembly, the stator assembly including a stator support and a plurality of circumferentially distributed stator blocks connected to the radially outer end of the stator support, the shape of the stator blocks is a sector, A plurality of the stator block bodies are assembled to form a ring-shaped stator ring, which is characterized in that each of the stator blocks includes a block body and a stator core unit, and the block body has two shafts.
  • the axial end plate and the lateral end plate located between the two axial end plates, the axial end plate and the lateral end plate surround to form a containing cavity; wherein, the cooling system includes a cooling unit and a cooling The air outlet, wherein at least one cooling unit is provided in the containing cavity of each stator block, and at least one cooling air outlet is provided on the axial end plate of each block body.
  • the cooling system of the stator assembly further includes a first air guiding unit arranged in each of the block bodies, and the first air guiding unit is for sealingly connecting the cooling unit to the block Mounting plates for the axial end plates and lateral end plates of the body.
  • the stator assembly further includes a second air guiding unit, the second air guiding unit is located within the radial direction of the cooling air outlet and is sealed and connected between the stator support and the rotor support of the generator Of the sealing plate.
  • At least two cooling units are provided in each of the block main bodies, and the stator core unit and the cooling area between the at least two cooling units are in communication with each other.
  • the stator assembly further includes an airflow communication opening, the airflow communication opening is provided on the lateral end plate and is located on the radially outer side of the mounting plate, and each of the airflow communication openings communicates with each other.
  • the positive and progressive effects of the present invention are: the present invention improves the assembly efficiency; under the same displacement, the air circulation path is shortened, the air cooling circulation speed is accelerated, and the cooling effect is improved; the cooling redundancy sharing is adopted, which improves the economy Benefit:
  • the separation of the maintenance area and the electromagnetic area is realized, the operation and maintenance safety of the generator is improved, the structure is simplified and the access of maintenance personnel is facilitated, and the influence of the heat generated in the electromagnetic area on the main bearing is reduced, which is beneficial to the processing of the stator support manufacture.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind turbine according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a stator block according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a stator assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view in the direction A-A in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view in the direction B-B in Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine includes an annular rotor assembly and an annular stator assembly.
  • the rotor assembly includes a rotor support 4 and rotor magnetic poles 44
  • the stator assembly includes a stator support 6 and a plurality of annular segmented stator blocks 5 connected to the stator support 6.
  • the rotor support 4 is connected to the rotating shaft 3 and the stator support 6 is connected to the fixed shaft 1.
  • An air gap is formed between the stator block 5 and the rotor pole 44.
  • the rotor support 4 includes disc-shaped first and second rotor end plates 45 and 42 and an annular end plate 43.
  • the first rotor end plate 45 is perpendicular to the central axis of the fixed shaft 1/rotating shaft 3
  • the second rotor end plate 42 extends obliquely with respect to the central axis of the fixed shaft 1/rotating shaft 3.
  • the two rotor end plates can also be inclined, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • each stator block 5 includes a block body 51, a cooling unit 52, and a stator core unit 53.
  • the stator core unit 53 has a yoke and stator teeth that define stator slots for accommodating windings.
  • the stator core unit 53 is connected to the radially outer end surface of the block body 51. As shown in FIG.
  • stator core unit 53 of this embodiment is limited and fixed by the stator block support plates 512 on both sides.
  • the stator block body 51 is connected between the stator core unit 53 and the stator support 6.
  • the block body 51 and the stator core unit 53 integrally form a sector structure.
  • a cavity is formed inside the block body 51, and the cooling unit 52 is disposed in the cavity.
  • the axial end plate 511 of the block body 51 is provided with a cooling air outlet 54.
  • the axial end plates 511 of the block body 51 are the two side end plates that face the fixed shaft 1 or the rotating shaft 3 after the block main body 51 is installed.
  • the axial end plates 511 of each block body 51 are respectively formed on both sides as two axial end surfaces of the entire ring structure.
  • the hot air emitted from the stator core unit 53 is introduced into the cooling unit 52 and discharged from the cooling air outlet 54 after being cooled.
  • the cooling unit 52 may be an existing cooling device, especially an existing cooling device that realizes heat exchange through a cooling medium to reduce the temperature.
  • the cooling unit 52 realizes modular design and assembly, and the sub-unit components of the cooling unit 52 are integrated in the stator sub-block 5, and then the overall system integration is implemented after the stator sub-block 5 is modularized to improve assembly efficiency. .
  • this solution achieves directional cooling.
  • the cooling unit 52 is integrated in the stator block 5, sucks the hot air emitted by the stator core unit 53 at a close distance, and then passes through the cooling air outlet 54 reserved on the stator block 5 after cooling. It flows back to the air gap between the stator and the rotor and the stator core unit 53. Under the same displacement, this arrangement shortens the air circulation path, accelerates the air cooling circulation speed, and improves the cooling effect.
  • the cooling unit 52 is integrated in the stator block 5 to isolate the passage between the stator block 5 and the stator support 6, that is, the maintenance space inside the generator, the generator stator core unit 53, and the rotor magnetic poles are enclosed Type isolation. In this way, small parts such as sundries, bolts, and maintenance tools can be prevented from falling between the stator core unit 53 and the rotor magnetic poles, so as to avoid damage to the generator and improve the safety of the generator's operation and maintenance.
  • the maintenance channel 8 provided on the stator support 6 as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5 does not need to be sealed with a cover plate, namely The sealing cover on the manhole can be eliminated. Simplifies the structure and facilitates the access of maintenance personnel.
  • the integration of the cooling unit 52 in the stator sub-block 5 can reduce the parts in the stator support 6 so as to increase the maintenance space in the stator support 6 and facilitate the maintenance of the generator.
  • the maintenance area is separated from the electromagnetic area to reduce the influence of the heat generated by the electromagnetic area on the main bearing.
  • the stator block 5 is appropriately enlarged and the cooling unit 52 is integrated, which not only improves the rigidity of the stator block 5, but also reduces the size of the stator support 6, which is beneficial to the processing and manufacturing of the stator support 6.
  • the cooling unit 52 is directly or indirectly fixed in the block body 51.
  • the size of the block body 51 needs to be increased to accommodate the lower cooling unit 52, which not only improves the rigidity of the stator block 5, but also enables the stator support 6 to be relatively reduced in diameter, which is beneficial to the processing and manufacturing of the stator support 6.
  • the cooling unit 52 is fixed to the axial end plate 511 of the block body 51 through a mounting plate 513.
  • the mounting plate 513 not only plays the role of fixing the cooling unit 52, but also realizes the spatial isolation of the cooling area 55, so that the back of the stator core unit 53, the axial end plate 511, and the mounting plate 513 form an annular seal
  • the cooling area 55, the hot air in this cooling area 55 must pass through each cooling unit 52 to flow out, which plays a role in restricting the air flow.
  • the cooling unit 52 of this embodiment includes a heat exchanger 521 and a fan 523.
  • the heat exchanger 521 is disposed toward the stator core unit 53, wherein, between the heat exchanger 521 and the fan 523, the fan Both the 523 and the cooling air outlet 54 are guided and communicated with each other through a ventilation duct.
  • the heat exchanger 521 is further selected as an air-water heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger 521 and the fan 523 in this embodiment are connected by a special-shaped air passage 522.
  • the special-shaped air passage 522 is connected to the heat exchanger 521 and the fan 523 in the vertical direction.
  • the special-shaped air duct 522 has a smaller opening toward the fan 523 and a larger opening toward the heat exchanger 521.
  • the cooling air outlets 54 of this embodiment are connected by a horn-shaped air duct 525. Among them, the horn-shaped air duct 525 expands outward on the side facing the cooling air outlet 54.
  • the fan 523 is a centrifugal fan, which is driven by a cooling motor 524.
  • the centrifugal fan can stably extract the hot air inside, and has a smaller volume, which is easy to install.
  • other suitable existing fan equipment can also be selected.
  • the block body of this embodiment has a side plate between two axial end plates, and an air flow communication opening 57 is opened on the radial outside of the side plate, that is, near the stator core unit 53.
  • the air flow communication opening 57 leads to a cooling area 55 located between the stator core unit 53 and the cooling unit 52.
  • the air flow communication opening 57 is a plurality of openings along the axial direction, so as to fully guide the hot air of each stator core unit 53 and allow the air flow to be able to flow in the annular closed cavity formed by connecting the plurality of block bodies together. Flow in the circumferential direction.
  • An opening may also be provided on the radially inner side of the air flow communication opening 57 for assembly and maintenance purposes.
  • each block body 51 is provided with at least two cooling units 52, and the stator core unit 53 and the cooling area 55 between the cooling units 52 are in communication with each other.
  • each stator block 5 of this embodiment has two sets of cooling units 52 installed inside, and at the same time the stator core unit 53 in a local area is cooled, and the cooling area 55 between the two sets of cooling units 52 is connected .
  • cooling air outlets 54 corresponding to the adjacent cooling units 52 are respectively located on two axial end plates 511 on both sides of the block body 51 .
  • the rotor support 4 and the axial end plate 511 of the block body 51 define and form a cavity 56, and the air discharged from the cooling air outlet 54 is guided to the stator core unit 53 through the cavity 56.
  • the hot air of the two sets of cooling units 52 are respectively discharged from the cavities 56 on both sides as shown in FIG.
  • cavities 56 are formed on both sides of the block body 51, wherein the cavity 56 on the left is formed by the first sealing plate 41 and the first rotor end plate 42 of the rotor support 4. , The annular end plate 43 of the rotor support 4 and the left axial end plate 511 of the block body 51 are enclosed. The cavity 56 on the right is enclosed by the second sealing plate 46, the second rotor end plate 45 of the rotor support 4, the annular end plate 43 of the rotor support 4, and the right axial end plate 511 of the segment body 51. .
  • the hot air emitted by the stator core unit 53 is cooled by the cooling unit 52, passes through the left and right cavities 56 composed of the rotor and the stator, and finally flows back to the stator core unit 53, and circulates in turn to meet the cooling requirements for the generator .
  • the air flow circuit design ensures that the air flow does not flow to the stator support 6. With the same displacement, this arrangement shortens the air circulation path, accelerates the air circulation speed, and improves the cooling effect.
  • the stator assembly includes a stator support 6 and a plurality of stator blocks 5 distributed in the circumferential direction of the stator support, wherein each stator block 5 includes a block body 51 and a stator core unit 53.
  • the cooling system includes a cooling unit 52 and a cooling air outlet 54, wherein at least one cooling unit 52 is provided in each stator block 5, and at least one cooling air is provided on the axial end plate 511 of each block body 51 Exit 54.
  • the hot air emitted from the stator core unit 53 is cooled by the cooling unit 52 and then discharged from the cooling air outlet 54.
  • the cooling system further includes a first flow guiding unit arranged in each block body. The first flow guiding unit is used to guide the heat generated by the stator core unit 53 to flow to the cooling unit 52.
  • a guide unit is a mounting plate for sealingly connecting the cooling unit 52 to the axial end plate 511 of the block body 51.
  • the cooling system further includes a second diversion unit, which is used to guide the air discharged from the cooling air outlet 54 to finally return to the stator core unit 53, and circulate in sequence to meet the cooling requirement of the generator.
  • the second air guide unit is the first sealing plate 41 and the sealing plate 46 located under the bottom of the block body and connected between the rotor support and the stator support, and is used to prevent the air flow from the cooling air outlet to the fixed shaft flow.
  • the invention improves the assembly efficiency; under the same displacement, the air circulation path is shortened, the air cooling circulation speed is accelerated, and the cooling effect is improved; the cooling redundancy sharing is adopted to improve the economic benefits; and the maintenance area and electromagnetic
  • the area separation improves the operation and maintenance safety of the generator, simplifies the structure and facilitates the access of maintenance personnel, reduces the influence of the heat generated in the electromagnetic area on the main bearing, and is beneficial to the processing and manufacturing of the stator support.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统，所述定子分块包括：分块本体，所述分块本体的轴向侧面设置有冷却风出口；定子铁芯，所述定子铁芯连接于所述分块本体的径向外端面；冷却单元，所述冷却单元设置于所述分块本体内，其中，所述冷却单元引入所述定子铁芯发出的热空气，经过冷却后从所述冷却风出口排出。本发明提高了装配效率；在同样的排量下，使气流循环路径缩短，加快了气流的冷却循环速度，提高了冷却效果；采用冷却冗余共享，提高了经济效益；实现了维护区域和电磁区域分离，提高了发电机的运维安全性，简化了结构和方便了维护人员的进出，减少电磁区域产生的热量对主轴承的影响，有利于定子支撑的加工制造。

Description

定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统
本申请要求申请日为2019/8/14的中国专利申请2019107559419的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统。
背景技术
直驱型风力发电机主要由定子、转子、定轴、转轴、刹车系统、冷却单元组成。根据旋转部件分为内转子和外转子两种类型。在直驱型风力发电机正常工作时，必须采用合理的冷却方式对发电机定子铁芯、磁极等关键部件进行冷却，防止因温度过高，造成机组失效。常用的冷却方法为：冷却装置将冷却后的气流通过转子屋和定子组成的腔体，引导至定子铁芯处，将定子铁芯表面的热量带走，依次循环，保证发电机的温度控制在合理范围内
例如公开号为CN 205864119U的“冷却装置以及直接驱动式风力涡轮机”中提到了一种冷却单元的布置形式，其主要的保护点和优点为设置了风道，对定子铁芯两端的绕组保持良好的冷却效果。但是该方案总体上存在如下缺点：
1.转子屋和定子组成的腔体延伸至定轴，整个腔体的范围过大，当风却装置流量一定时，空间越大，循环速度越慢，冷却效果变差。
2.定子内部从定子铁芯到定轴的整个空腔，没有进行分区隔离处理，冷却装置及其管路等附件直接安装在整个空腔内部。维护人员穿过定子到转子屋和定子组成的空腔维护主轴承等领部件时，非常不方便，占用维护空间。
3.定子内部从定子铁芯到定轴的整个空腔，没有进行分区隔离处理，因此定子上的维护人孔在机组正常工作时需要用密封板盖上，防止气流通道被 破坏，人员进入维护时又要拆卸，可操作性差。
4.定子铁芯到定轴之间的空腔没有进行分区隔离处理，在维护冷却装置和定子空腔内部其余零部件时，容易造成螺栓、垫圈等小零件掉入铁芯。同时螺栓、垫圈等铁素体零件又极易被磁极吸附，从而进入定子铁芯和磁极之间的气隙，存在严重的安全隐患。
5.由于发电机定子铁芯的温度远高于主轴承运行温度，转子屋和定子组成的腔体与主轴承连通，会对主轴承造成一定的影响。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中直驱型风力发电机的冷却单元维护不方便，存在安全隐患问题，轴承受电机发热影响大的缺陷，提供一种定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种定子分块，其特点在于，所述定子分块包括：
分块本体，所述分块本体具有两个轴向端板和位于两个所述轴向端板之间的侧向端板，所述轴向端板和侧向端板包围形成一容纳空腔，所述轴向端板上设置有冷却风出口；
定子铁芯单元，所述定子铁芯单元连接于所述分块本体的径向外端面；
其中，所述分块本体的容纳空腔内设有至少一个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元发出的热空气引入所述冷却单元，经过所述冷却单元冷却后从所述冷却风出口排出。
本方案中，首先，冷却单元实现了模块化设计和组装，冷却单元分单元组件集成在定子分块中，随同定子分块实现模块化组装后再进行整体系统集成，提高装配效率。
其次，本方案实现了定向冷却，冷却单元集成在定子分块中，近距离吸走定子铁芯单元散发的热空气，冷却后再通过定子分块上预留的冷却风出口 回流至定子转子之间的气隙和定子铁芯单元。在同样的排量下，该布置方案使气流循环路径缩短，加快了气流的冷却循环速度，提高了冷却效果。
再次，本方案对维护区域和电磁区域实现了分离措施。其中冷却单元集成在定子分块中，将定子分块和定子支撑之间的通道进行了隔离，既发电机内部的维护空间和发电机定子铁芯、转子磁极进行了封闭式隔离。这样可以防止杂物、螺栓、维护工具等小型零部件掉入定子铁芯单元和转子磁极之间，以免对发电机造成损坏，提高了发电机的运维安全性。
由于定子分块和定子支撑之间的冷却通道进行了隔离，设置在定子支撑上的维护人孔就不需要用盖板进行密封，即人孔上的密封盖板可以取消。简化了结构和方便了维护人员的进出。
冷却单元集成在定子分块中可以减少定子支撑中的零部件，使得定子支撑中的维护空间增大，便于发电机的维护工作。维护区域与电子区域分离，减少电磁区域产生的热量对主轴承的影响。当定子外径一定时，将定子分块适当加大，集成冷却单元，不仅可以提高定子分块的刚性，还可以缩小定子支撑的尺寸，有利于定子支撑的加工制造。
较佳地，所述冷却单元通过安装板密封连接至所述分块本体的轴向端板和侧向端板。
较佳地，所述冷却单元包括热交换器以及风机，所述热交换器朝向所述定子铁芯单元设置，其中，所述热交换器与所述风机之间，所述风机与所述冷却风出口之间均通过通风道引导并连通。
较佳地，所述热交换器与所述风机之间通过异形通风道连接，和/或所述风机与所述冷却风出口之间通过喇叭形通风道连接。
较佳地，所述定子分块的形状为扇形，多个所述定子分块本体拼装形成为一环状的定子环。
较佳地，所述侧向端板上且位于所述安装板的径向外侧开设有气流连通开口，各所述气流连通开口连通位于各所述定子铁芯单元和各个所述冷却单 元之间的冷却区域。
较佳地，每个所述分块本体内设置有至少两个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元和至少两个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域互相连通。每个定子分块内部安装两套冷却单元，同时对局部区域的定子铁芯单元进行冷却，这两套冷却单元之间的冷却区域连通。发电机正常工作时，需两套冷却单元共同工作，才能满足该定子分块上的定子铁芯单元的冷却要求，当其中一个冷却单元发生故障时，由于这两套冷却单元之间的冷却区域是连通的，另一个冷却单元仍旧可以对该定子分块上的定子铁芯单元进行冷却。通过发电机降低运行功率，在等待维修期间仍可进行发电，提高了经济效益。
较佳地，相邻的所述冷却单元所连接的冷却风出口分别位于所述分块本体的两侧的轴向端板上。
一种定子组件，其特点在于，所述定子组件包括定子支撑和连接到所述定子支撑上的多个所述定子分块。
较佳地，所述定子支撑内包括维护区域，所述维护区域位于所述分块本体的径向内端以内，各所述定子铁芯单元与发电机的转子磁极通过各所述分块本体被隔离于所述维护区域之外。
较佳地，所述定子组件还包括密封板，所述密封板位于所述冷却风出口的径向以内、密封连接在所述定子支撑和发电机转子支撑之间。
一种定子组件的冷却系统，包括定子组件，所述定子组件包括定子支撑和连接到所述定子支撑径向外端的多个周向分布的定子分块，所述定子分块的形状为扇形，多个所述定子分块本体拼装形成为一环状的定子环，其特点在于，每个所述定子分块包括一个分块本体和一个定子铁芯单元，所述分块本体具有两个轴向端板和位于两个所述轴向端板之间的侧向端板，所述轴向端板和侧向端板包围形成一容纳空腔；其中，所述冷却系统包括冷却单元和冷却风出口，其中，在每个所述定子分块的容纳空腔内设有至少一个所述冷却单元，在每个所述分块本体的轴向端板上设有至少一个冷却风出口。
较佳地，所述定子组件的冷却系统还包括设于每个所述分块本体内的第一导流单元，所述第一导流单元为将所述冷却单元密封连接至所述分块本体的轴向端板和侧向端板的安装板。
较佳地，所述定子组件还包括第二导流单元，所述第二导流单元为位于所述冷却风出口的径向以内、密封连接在所述定子支撑和发电机的转子支撑之间的密封板。
较佳地，每个所述分块本体内设置有至少两个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元和至少两个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域互相连通。
较佳地，所述定子组件还包括气流连通开口，所述气流连通开口设于所述侧向端板上且位于所述安装板的径向外侧，各所述气流连通开口连通位于各所述定子铁芯单元和各个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：本发明提高了装配效率；在同样的排量下，使气流循环路径缩短，加快了气流的冷却循环速度，提高了冷却效果；采用冷却冗余共享，提高了经济效益；实现了维护区域和电磁区域分离，提高了发电机的运维安全性，简化了结构和方便了维护人员的进出，减少电磁区域产生的热量对主轴承的影响，有利于定子支撑的加工制造。
附图说明
图1为本发明较佳实施例的风力涡轮机的结构示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例的定子分块的立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明较佳实施例的定子组件的整体结构示意图。
图4为图3中A-A方向的的剖面结构示意图。
图5为图3中B-B方向的的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在 所述的实施例范围之中。
请参阅图1，图1所示为本发明一实施例的风力涡轮机的示意图。风力涡轮机包括环状的转子组件和环状的定子组件。转子组件包括转子支撑4和转子磁极44，定子组件包括定子支撑6和连接到定子支撑6上的多个环形分段成形的定子分块5。转子支撑4连接转轴3，定子支撑6连接定轴1。定子分块5和转子磁极44之间形成气隙。
转子支撑4包括盘状的第一和第二转子端板45、42，以及环状的端板43。在本实施例中，第一转子端板45垂直于定轴1/转轴3的中心轴线，第二转子端板42相对于定轴1/转轴3的中中心轴线倾斜地延伸。在其它实施例中，两个转子端板也可均倾斜设置，本发明并不加以限制。
如图2所示，在本实施例中，单个的定子分块5的形状为扇形。在组装之后，如图3所示，定子组件包括9个分段成形的定子分块5，这9个定子分块5沿周向连接在定子支撑上形成一环状的定子环。相邻的定子分块之间实现了完美的贴合。请参见图2和图3，每个定子分块5包括分块本体51、冷却单元52以及定子铁芯单元53。定子铁芯单元53具有限定定子槽的轭部和定子齿，定子槽用于容纳绕组。定子铁芯单元53连接于分块本体51的径向外端面。如图2所示，本实施例的定子铁芯单元53通过两侧的定子块支撑板512实现限位和固定。定子分块本体51连接在定子铁芯单元53和定子支撑6之间。分块本体51和定子铁芯单元53整体形成扇形结构。
请继续参考图2，分块本体51内部形成一空腔，冷却单元52设置在该空腔内。分块本体51的轴向端板511设置有冷却风出口54。其中，分块本体51的轴向端板511为分块本体51在安装后，沿着定轴1或者转轴3朝向的两个侧面端板。在如图3所示的分块本体51组成环状后，各个分块本体51的轴向端板511分别在两侧形成为为整个环状结构的两个轴向端面。
定子铁芯单元53发出的热空气引入冷却单元52，经过冷却后从冷却风出口54排出。冷却单元52可以为现有的冷却设备，尤其是现有的通过冷却 介质实现热交换从而降温的冷却设备。
本方案中，首先，冷却单元52实现了模块化设计和组装，冷却单元52分单元组件集成在定子分块5中，随同定子分块5实现模块化组装后再进行整体系统集成，提高装配效率。
其次，本方案实现了定向冷却。如图4和图5所示，冷却单元52集成在定子分块5中，近距离吸走定子铁芯单元53散发的热空气，冷却后再通过定子分块5上预留的冷却风出口54回流至定子和转子之间的气隙和定子铁芯单元53。在同样的排量下，该布置方案使气流循环路径缩短，加快了气流的冷却循环速度，提高了冷却效果。
再次，本方案对维护区域和电磁区域实现了分离措施。其中冷却单元52集成在定子分块5中，将定子分块5和定子支撑6之间的通道进行了隔离，即发电机内部的维护空间和发电机定子铁芯单元53、转子磁极进行了封闭式隔离。这样可以防止杂物、螺栓、维护工具等小型零部件掉入定子铁芯单元53和转子磁极之间，以免对发电机造成损坏，提高了发电机的运维安全性。
由于定子分块5和定子支撑6之间的冷却通道进行了隔离，如图3、图4和图5所示的设置在定子支撑6上的维护通道8就不需要用盖板进行密封，即人孔上的密封盖板可以取消。简化了结构和方便了维护人员的进出。
冷却单元52集成在定子分块5中可以减少定子支撑6中的零部件，使得定子支撑6中的维护空间增大，便于发电机的维护工作。维护区域与电磁区域分离，减少电磁区域产生的热量对主轴承的影响。当定子外径一定时，将定子分块5适当加大，集成冷却单元52，不仅可以提高定子分块5的刚性，还可以缩小定子支撑6的尺寸，有利于定子支撑6的加工制造。
本实施例中，冷却单元52直接或者间接固定于分块本体51内。分块本体51的尺寸需增大至容纳下冷却单元52，这样不仅提高了定子分块5的刚性，而且可以使定子支撑6直径相对减小，有利于定子支撑6的加工制造。
如图2所示，本实施例中，冷却单元52通过安装板513固定于分块本 体51的轴向端板511。安装板513不仅起到了固定冷却单元52的作用，同时在空间上实现了对冷却区域55的隔离，由此定子铁芯单元53背部、轴向端板511、和安装板513形成了一个环形密闭冷却区域55，这一冷却区域55内的热空气必须通过各个冷却单元52才能够流出，起到了限制空气流向的作用。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例的冷却单元52包括热交换器521以及风机523，热交换器521朝向定子铁芯单元53设置，其中，热交换器521与风机523之间，风机523与冷却风出口54之间均通过通风道引导并连通。本实施例中，热交换器521进一步选择为空水热交换器。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例的热交换器521与风机523之间通过异形通风道522连接。异形通风道522在垂直方向上对接热交换器521以及风机523。其中，异形通风道522朝向风机523一侧开口较小，朝向热交换器521一侧开口较大。本实施例的冷却风出口54之间通过喇叭形通风道525连接。其中，喇叭形通风道525在朝向冷却风出口54一侧外扩。
本实施例中，风机523为离心风机，离心风机通过冷却电机524驱动。离心风机能够稳定的抽取内部的热气，且具有更小的体积，便于安装。当然，在其他可选的实施方式中，也可以选择其他合适的现有风机设备。
如图1和图2所示，本实施例分块本体，在两个轴向端板之间具有侧板，侧板的径向外侧、即靠近定子铁芯单元53处开设有气流连通开口57，气流连通开口57通向位于定子铁芯单元53和冷却单元52之间的冷却区域55。气流连通开口57为沿着轴向的多个开孔，从而对各个定子铁芯单元53的热空气进行全面的引导，允许气流能够在多个分块本体连接在一起形成的环形封闭空腔内沿周向方向上流动。在气流连通开口57的径向内侧还可设有开口，用于装配、维护目的。
本实施例中，每个分块本体51内设置有至少两个冷却单元52，定子铁芯单元53和各冷却单元52之间的冷却区域55互相连通。如图1所示，本 实施例的每个定子分块5内部安装两套冷却单元52，同时对局部区域的定子铁芯单元53进行冷却，这两套冷却单元52之间的冷却区域55连通。
发电机正常工作时，需两套冷却单元52共同工作，才能满足该定子分块5上的定子铁芯单元53的冷却要求，当其中一个冷却单元52发生故障时，由于这两套冷却单元52之间的冷却区域55是连通的，另一个冷却单元52仍旧可以对该定子分块5上的定子铁芯单元53进行冷却。通过发电机降低运行功率，在等待维修期间仍可进行发电，提高了经济效益。
如图4和图5所示，在一个分块本体51内，相邻设置的冷却单元52对应的两个冷却风出口54分别位于该分块本体51两侧的两个轴向端板511上。如图1所示，转子支撑4与分块本体51的轴向端板511限定并形成有空腔56，冷却风出口54排出的空气经过空腔56被引导至定子铁芯单元53。由此两组冷却单元52的热气分别从如图1所示的两侧的空腔56分别排出，充分的利用了内部空间。
如图1所示，本实施例中的分块本体51的两侧均形成有空腔56，其中，左侧的空腔56由第一密封板41、转子支撑4的第一转子端板42、转子支撑4的环状端板43、分块本体51的左侧轴向端板511围设而成。右侧的空腔56由第二密封板46、转子支撑4的第二转子端板45、转子支撑4的环状端板43、分块本体51的右侧轴向端板511围设而成。
定子铁芯单元53发出的热空气，经过冷却单元52冷却后，通过转子和定子组成的左右两侧空腔56，最终回流至定子铁芯单元53处，依次循环，达到对发电机的冷却要求。该气流回路设计确保了气流不会流向定子支撑6，在同样的排量下，该布置方案缩短了气流循环路径，加快了气流的循环速度，提高了冷却效果。
本实施例中还公开了一种定子组件的冷却系统，定子组件包括定子支撑6以及多个在定子支撑的周向上分布的定子分块5，其中，每个定子分块5包括一个分块本体51和一个定子铁芯单元53。冷却系统包括冷却单元52和 冷却风出口54，其中在每个定子分块5内，设有至少一个冷却单元52，在每个分块本体51的轴向端板511上设有至少一个冷却风出口54。定子铁芯单元53发出的热空气，经过冷却单元52冷却后，由冷却风出口54排出。较佳的，冷却系统还包括设于每个分块本体内的第一导流单元，第一导流单元用于引导定子铁芯单元53产生的热量流向冷却单元52，本实施例中，第一导流单元为将冷却单元52密封连接至分块本体51轴向端板511的安装板。
其中，冷却系统还包括第二导流单元，第二导流单元用于引导冷却风出口54排出的空气最终回流至定子铁芯单元53处，依次循环，达到对发电机的冷却要求。本实施例中，第二导流单元为位于分块本体底部下方、连接在转子支撑和定子支撑之间的第一密封板41和密封板46，用于阻止冷却风出口排出的气流向定轴流动。
本发明提高了装配效率；在同样的排量下，使气流循环路径缩短，加快了气流的冷却循环速度，提高了冷却效果；采用冷却冗余共享，提高了经济效益；实现了维护区域和电磁区域分离，提高了发电机的运维安全性，简化了结构和方便了维护人员的进出，减少电磁区域产生的热量对主轴承的影响，有利于定子支撑的加工制造。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种定子分块，其特征在于，所述定子分块包括：
    分块本体，所述分块本体具有两个轴向端板和位于两个所述轴向端板之间的侧向端板，所述轴向端板和侧向端板包围形成一容纳空腔，所述轴向端板上设置有冷却风出口；
    定子铁芯单元，所述定子铁芯单元连接于所述分块本体的径向外端面；
    其中，所述分块本体的容纳空腔内设有至少一个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元发出的热空气引入所述冷却单元，经过所述冷却单元冷却后从所述冷却风出口排出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的定子分块，其特征在于，所述冷却单元通过安装板密封连接至所述分块本体的轴向端板和侧向端板。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的定子分块，其特征在于，所述冷却单元包括热交换器以及风机，所述热交换器朝向所述定子铁芯单元设置，其中，所述热交换器与所述风机之间，所述风机与所述冷却风出口之间均通过通风道引导并连通。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的定子分块，其特征在于，所述热交换器与所述风机之间通过异形通风道连接，和/或所述风机与所述冷却风出口之间通过喇叭形通风道连接。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的定子分块，其特征在于，所述定子分块的形状为扇形，多个所述定子分块本体拼装形成为一环状的定子环。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的定子分块，其特征在于，所述侧向端板上且位于所述安装板的径向外侧开设有气流连通开口，各所述气流连通开口连通位于各所述定子铁芯单元和各个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的定子分块，其特征在于，每个所述分块本体内设置有至少两个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元和至少两个所述冷却单元之间的 冷却区域互相连通。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的定子分块，其特征在于，相邻的所述冷却单元所连接的冷却风出口分别位于所述分块本体的两侧的轴向端板上。
  9. 一种定子组件，其特征在于，所述定子组件包括定子支撑和连接到所述定子支撑上的多个如权利要求1-8任一项所述的定子分块。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的定子组件，其特征在于，所述定子支撑内包括维护区域，所述维护区域位于所述分块本体的径向内端以内，各所述定子铁芯单元与发电机的转子磁极通过各所述分块本体被隔离于所述维护区域之外。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的定子组件，其特征在于，所述定子组件还包括密封板，所述密封板位于所述冷却风出口的径向以内、密封连接在所述定子支撑和发电机转子支撑之间。
  12. 一种定子组件的冷却系统，包括定子组件，所述定子组件包括定子支撑和连接到所述定子支撑径向外端的多个周向分布的定子分块，所述定子分块的形状为扇形，多个所述定子分块本体拼装形成为一环状的定子环，其特征在于，每个所述定子分块包括一个分块本体和一个定子铁芯单元，所述分块本体具有两个轴向端板和位于两个所述轴向端板之间的侧向端板，所述轴向端板和侧向端板包围形成一容纳空腔；其中，所述冷却系统包括冷却单元和冷却风出口，其中，在每个所述定子分块的容纳空腔内设有至少一个所述冷却单元，在每个所述分块本体的轴向端板上设有至少一个冷却风出口。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的定子组件的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述定子组件的冷却系统还包括设于每个所述分块本体内的第一导流单元，所述第一导流单元为将所述冷却单元密封连接至所述分块本体的轴向端板和侧向端板的安装板。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的定子组件的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述定子组件还包括第二导流单元，所述第二导流单元为位于所述冷却风出口的径向以内、密封连接在所述定子支撑和发电机的转子支撑之间的密封板。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的定子组件的冷却系统，其特征在于，每个所述分块本体内设置有至少两个冷却单元，所述定子铁芯单元和至少两个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域互相连通。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的定子组件的冷却系统，其特征在于，所述定子组件还包括气流连通开口，所述气流连通开口设于所述侧向端板上且位于所述安装板的径向外侧，各所述气流连通开口连通位于各所述定子铁芯单元和各个所述冷却单元之间的冷却区域。
PCT/CN2020/084248 2019-08-14 2020-04-10 定子分块、定子组件以及定子组件的冷却系统 WO2021027301A1 (zh)

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