WO2023093685A1 - 一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统、车辆及方法 - Google Patents

一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统、车辆及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023093685A1
WO2023093685A1 PCT/CN2022/133286 CN2022133286W WO2023093685A1 WO 2023093685 A1 WO2023093685 A1 WO 2023093685A1 CN 2022133286 W CN2022133286 W CN 2022133286W WO 2023093685 A1 WO2023093685 A1 WO 2023093685A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
braking
valve
axle bogie
rail vehicle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/133286
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2023093685A9 (zh
Inventor
张建峰
王小飞
李响响
李政
桑兴华
董一多
魏明强
Original Assignee
中车山东机车车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车山东机车车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车山东机车车辆有限公司
Priority to DE112022000502.5T priority Critical patent/DE112022000502T5/de
Publication of WO2023093685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023093685A1/zh
Publication of WO2023093685A9 publication Critical patent/WO2023093685A9/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/20—Transmitting mechanisms
    • B61H13/24—Transmitting mechanisms for cars with two axles or bogies with two axles and braking cylinder(s) for each bogie, the mechanisms at each side being interconnected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/24—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being gaseous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/665—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/20—Transmitting mechanisms
    • B61H13/30—Transmitting mechanisms adjustable to take account of variation of vehicle weight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicle braking, in particular to a braking system, vehicle and method for a single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the inventor also found that the existing weighing valves are all arranged vertically, and the vertical placement of weighing valves is not suitable for single-axle bogies.
  • each vehicle is provided with a brake valve, etc., so that the weight of the rail vehicle itself is relatively large, which further affects the transport capacity of the single-axle rail vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a single-axle bogie braking system for a rail vehicle with a single-axle bogie, which is safe, reliable, simple and flexible, and can fully utilize the transport capacity of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle Braking systems for rail vehicles.
  • a brake system for a single-axle bogie rail vehicle comprising a brake valve, the brake valve includes a brake valve, and the brake valve passes through a plurality of pipelines in the brake piping system, a weighing valve, and an air storage cylinder , the foundation brake device are connected separately, the brake valve is also connected with the main air pipeline in the brake piping system to obtain the air source required for vehicle braking, and to obtain the signal of braking or relief, and the weighing valve is installed horizontally on the
  • the basic braking device includes a brake cylinder, the brake cylinder is connected with the brake valve, and the brake cylinder is connected with the brake shoe so that the braking force can be directly applied to the wheel through the brake shoe to realize Braking of single-axle bogie rail vehicles.
  • the weighing valve is installed horizontally by utilizing the characteristics of the bogie of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the weighing valve transmits the pressure signal to the brake valve through the corresponding pipeline, and the brake valve responds to The braking force generated by the brake cylinder changes accordingly, and the brake cylinder finally applies the braking force to the wheels through the brake shoe;
  • the brake valve makes the braking system in braking or releasing by obtaining the change of air pressure in the main air pipeline. state, which fully guarantees the braking effect of the brake and also ensures the carrying capacity of the vehicle.
  • the brake valve composition is fixed on the car body chassis;
  • the brake valve composition also includes a switch conversion device connected with the brake valve, so as to control the opening or closing of the brake system through the switch conversion device;
  • the brake valve composition also includes a brake mode conversion device connected with the brake valve, so as to control the brake system to switch into a different brake mode through the brake mode conversion device.
  • the brake valve composition further includes a manual release device connected with the brake valve, so as to realize manual release of the brake system.
  • the multiple pipelines of the brake piping system cover two single-axle bogie rail vehicles; the multiple pipelines between the two single-axle bogie rail vehicles are connected by hoses, in order to prevent water accumulation in the pipelines
  • the problem is that the middle part of the hose is lifted up. Specifically, the hose is connected to the side wall of the vehicle body so that the middle part of the hose is lifted up.
  • the main air pipeline connected to both ends of the hose is equipped with a drainer to facilitate water accumulation. discharge.
  • the air storage cylinder is installed on the car body chassis of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle parallel to the longitudinal direction of the car body, and the air storage cylinder passes through the air storage cylinder pipeline. Connected with the brake valve, the air storage cylinder plays the role of storing the pressure air source;
  • the air storage cylinder is located at the side of the brake valve, and the brake valve is installed through the chassis of the vehicle body.
  • the two ends of the brake cylinder are respectively connected to the first lever, and the first pull rod is movably connected between the two first levers.
  • One end of the lever is jointly connected to the brake shoe clearance adjuster, and the brake shoe clearance adjuster and the first lever away from the brake shoe clearance adjuster are respectively connected to the second pull rod, the second pull rod is connected to the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected to the brake through the second lever.
  • the moving beam is connected, and the brake beam is connected with the brake shoe at the wheel of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • Brake shoes are provided on both sides of each wheel, and each single-axle bogie rail vehicle is provided with two single-axle bogies. The setting of brake shoes on both sides of each wheel is beneficial to ensure the braking effect of rail vehicles;
  • the first tie rod is located at the center of the underframe of the car body.
  • a concave connecting plate is arranged in the middle section of the first tie rod. The concave connecting plate can cross the beam on the underframe of the car body to realize the first Transmission of the pull rod.
  • the brake beam is installed on the bogie;
  • the brake beam has a triangular structure, and the triangular structure of the brake beam fully guarantees the reliability of the brake beam;
  • the brake cylinder, the brake shoe clearance adjuster, the first lever, the connecting rod, the second lever, the first pull rod and the second pull rod are fixed on the car body underframe of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the brake system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle as described above further includes a hand brake device for hand braking the wheels, the hand brake device is connected with the foundation brake device, so as to act on the hand brake The braking force of the braking device acts on the brake shoe through the basic braking device;
  • the hand brake is installed on the other.
  • the hand brake device includes a hand wheel, the hand wheel is connected to the gear box through the transmission shaft, the gear box is connected to the screw rod through the third transmission shaft, the screw rod is connected to the hand brake pull rod, and the hand brake pull rod is connected to the basic brake device Connection, through the setting of the hand brake device, ensure the braking effect when the single-axle bogie rail vehicle is parked on the track without being driven by the traction head;
  • the transmission shaft is arranged through the car body chassis of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle, and the hand wheel is located outside the car body chassis of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the bogie where the weighing valve is located is close to the joint of two connected rail vehicles, and the force-bearing surface of the weighing valve faces the inclined plane device of the bogie set, and the weighing valve is connected with the slope device of the bogie;
  • the bogie slope device is connected with the weighing valve through a U-shaped structure, and the U-shaped structure is hingedly connected with the bogie slope device.
  • the present invention also provides a single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • Two single-axle bogie rail vehicles form a group, and each single-axle bogie rail vehicle is respectively provided with two single-axle bogies.
  • the bogie rail vehicle commonly adopts the braking system of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle, which fully guarantees the braking effect and carrying capacity of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the present invention also provides a braking method for a single-axle bogie rail vehicle, comprising the following content:
  • the pressure air passes through the brake valve, and then passes through the brake piping system to fill the air storage cylinder and weighing valve with pressure air. At this time, there is no pressure air in the brake cylinder, and the brake system does not operate. , in a state of relief;
  • the brake valve controls to charge the pressure air in the air storage cylinder into the brake cylinder.
  • the brake cylinder is pushed out, and the brake system Braking, the brake cylinder generates the braking force, which finally acts on the wheels to realize the braking of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle;
  • the brake system of the present invention has a simple structure, is safe and reliable, is installed on a single-axle bogie rail vehicle, and is connected to main components through a brake valve through a pipeline, and is provided with structural components such as a main air pipeline and a brake cylinder, Greatly improved the braking effect and capacity of single-axle bogie rail vehicles, greatly improved the use effect and carrying capacity of single-axle bogie rail vehicles, and provided technical support for the large-scale application of single-axle bogie rail vehicles .
  • the present invention makes full use of the characteristics of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle bogie by setting the weighing valve horizontally, without vertical setting, and can more accurately obtain the information of the vehicle load change; when the vehicle load changes, the bogie acts on the weighing valve The force will also change accordingly.
  • the weighing valve transmits the pressure signal to the brake valve through the corresponding pipeline, and the brake valve makes corresponding changes to the generated braking force according to the signal to further ensure the braking effect of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the braking force generated by the brake cylinder can be effectively transmitted to the brake beam and brake shoes through the levers and pull rods, and then act on the wheels, so that Implement braking.
  • the braking force acting on the hand wheel is finally transmitted to the foundation brake device after the transmission of the various parts of the hand brake device, and the brake shoe is used to generate braking force on the vehicle.
  • each single-axle bogie rail vehicle is respectively provided with two single-axis steering
  • the frame is further beneficial to reduce the dead weight of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle and improve the transport capacity of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • the pressure air in the brake cylinder is controlled by the brake valve to perform braking; when the main air pipeline is inflated to a constant pressure , the vehicle braking will be relieved to ensure the effective braking of the single-axle bogie vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a brake valve composition in a brake system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of brake pipes connected to two groups of vehicles in a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a weighing valve in a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a foundation braking device in a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hand brake device in a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a braking system of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle installed on a car body chassis according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • 1 brake valve composition 1 brake valve composition, 2 brake piping system, 3 weighing valve, 4 air storage cylinder, 5 foundation brake device, 6 hand brake device, 7 bogie;
  • 6-1 hand wheel 6-2 first transmission shaft, 6-3 second transmission shaft, 6-4 gear box, 6-5 third transmission shaft, 6-6 screw rod, 6-7 nut, 6-8 hand brake lever.
  • the present invention proposes a single-axle bogie rail The vehicle's braking system.
  • a braking system for a single-axle bogie rail vehicle includes a brake valve assembly 1 installed on the chassis of the vehicle body, a brake piping system 2,
  • the air storage cylinder 4 and the hand brake device 6, the brake valve consists of a brake valve, part of the foundation brake device 5 is installed on the chassis of the vehicle body, the foundation brake device includes brake shoes, the brake shoes are located on the side of the wheel and The brake shoes can be in contact with the wheels.
  • the weighing valve 3 is installed on the side of the bogie to transmit the pressure signal to the brake valve.
  • the brake piping system 2 includes multiple pipelines. Vehicles, weighing valves, air storage cylinders, and foundation brake devices are connected.
  • the brake valve composition 1 includes a brake valve 1-1, a switch conversion device 1-2, a brake mode conversion device 1-3, and a manual relief device 1-4.
  • Firmware such as bolts is fixed on the chassis of the car body, and the brake valve 1-1 is connected with other vehicles, the air storage cylinder 4, the weighing valve 3, and the brake cylinder 5-1 through the brake piping system 2.
  • the change of the air pressure in the main air pipeline 2-6 in the dynamic piping system 2 makes the braking system in the braking or releasing state.
  • the switch conversion device 1-2 includes a conversion handle, a conversion shaft, and a conversion connecting rod.
  • the switch conversion device is connected with the brake valve 1-1. By operating the switch conversion device 1-2, the opening of the entire braking system of the vehicle is controlled. and off.
  • the brake mode switching device 1-3 includes a conversion handle, a conversion shaft, and a conversion connecting rod.
  • the braking mode conversion device 1-3 is connected with the brake valve 1-1. Operate the braking mode conversion device 1-3 to control the braking system to switch to different braking modes of passenger cars or trucks, and produce different braking effects.
  • the two conversion shafts of the switch conversion device 1-2 and the brake mode conversion device 1-3 are parallel to each other, and the two conversion shafts are respectively connected to the brake valve 1-1 through a conversion connecting rod, and the conversion handle is located on the conversion shaft. side.
  • the conversion shaft is the long axis
  • the conversion link is specifically a multi-link mechanism.
  • One end of the conversion link is connected to the brake valve, and the other end is sleeved on the corresponding conversion shaft.
  • two adjacent links Rod hinged connection In the multi-link mechanism, two adjacent links Rod hinged connection.
  • the manual release device 1-4 includes a first rod made of round steel, the end of the round steel is arranged in a ring shape for easy operation, and one end of the first rod is connected to the brake valve 1-1 by a fastener such as a bolt , manually pulling the manual release device 1-4 can manually release the braking system.
  • the brake piping system 2 includes a plurality of pipelines respectively connected to the brake valve, and each pipeline is respectively provided with a pipe joint, and each section of the pipeline and the brake cylinder 5 are connected through pipe joints 2-4. -1.
  • Brake valve 1-1, air storage cylinder 4, weighing valve 3 and other components are connected to each other, and the brake piping system plays the role of ventilation and transmission of air pressure signals.
  • the brake pipeline system 2 includes the main air pipeline 2-6, the weighing valve pipeline 2-7, the brake cylinder pipeline 2-8, and the air storage cylinder pipeline 2-9; It is understood that the main air pipeline realizes the communication between the brake valve and the main air pipeline of another car body, the weighing valve pipeline realizes the communication between the brake valve and the weighing valve, and the brake cylinder pipeline realizes the communication between the brake valve and the brake valve. cylinder, and the pipeline of the air storage cylinder realizes the communication between the brake valve and the air storage cylinder.
  • the connecting rods and levers are connected by pin shafts.
  • the pipelines between the two vehicles are connected by connecting hoses 2-3, and the hoses are connected by a boom.
  • the middle is hoisted to form a form of high middle and low sides to avoid water accumulation at the hose;
  • the main air pipeline is also provided with an angled cock 2-1 and a drainer 2-2.
  • the drainer is used for draining the main air pipeline.
  • the drains are existing drains; some pipelines are provided with pipe clamps, which are used to fix the pipelines to the chassis of the vehicle body.
  • the angled plug door is a control valve for air communication and cut-off between railway locomotives, locomotives and vehicles, and vehicles. Its handle can be rotated 90° after being lifted to realize the opening and closing of the air passage.
  • a braking system can simultaneously control the two vehicles, which is more conducive to saving the space of the car body chassis and reducing the weight of the whole vehicle.
  • the bogie where the weighing valve is located is close to the junction of the two rail vehicles connected, the weighing valve 3 is installed horizontally on the side of the bogie 7, and the force-bearing surface of the weighing valve is set towards the inclined plane device of the bogie , and the weighing valve is connected with the slope device of the bogie.
  • the inclined-plane device on the bogie 7 (the inclined-plane device inside the bogie, which is the prior art) will also change the force on the weighing valve 3 accordingly, and the weighing valve 3 will pass the pressure through the weighing valve pipeline 2-7.
  • the signal is transmitted to the brake valve 1-1, and the brake valve 1-1 makes corresponding changes to the generated braking force according to the signal.
  • the bogie slope device is provided with ears, and the ears are provided with openings, and the pin shaft passes through the U-shaped structural member.
  • One side of the U-shaped structural member is connected to the weighing valve, and the other side is connected to the inclined plane of the bogie through the pin shaft.
  • the device realizes hinged connection;
  • the air storage cylinder 4 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the car body and fixed on the car body underframe of a single-axle bogie rail vehicle through bolts, and two rail vehicles share one air storage cylinder to reduce the load of the vehicle.
  • the air cylinder pipeline 2-9 is connected with the brake valve 1-1, and the air storage cylinder 4 plays the role of storing pressure air source.
  • the foundation brake device 5 includes a brake cylinder 5-1, a brake shoe clearance adjuster 5-3, various brake levers, pull rods, and the brake cylinder 5-1 passes through the system.
  • the moving cylinder pipeline 2-8 is connected with the brake valve 1-1, and receives the brake release signal transmitted by the brake valve 1-1, and each component is connected by a pin shaft; each rail vehicle is provided with a basic brake moving device.
  • the two ends of the brake cylinder 5-1 are respectively connected to the first lever 5-2, and the first pull rod 5-4 is movably connected between the two first levers, and one end of the two first levers 5-1 is in common Connected to the brake shoe clearance adjuster 5-3, one end of a first lever is connected to the second pull rod 5-5, the second pull rod is connected to the connecting rod, the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected to the brake beam, and the brake beam Brake shoes 5-8 are set respectively at the two ends of the wheel, so that the brake shoes on both sides of the wheel are braked respectively.
  • the first tie rod is positioned at the center of the vehicle body underframe.
  • the middle section of the first pull rod is provided with a concave connecting plate 5-9, and the concave connecting plate can cross the crossbeam on the vehicle body underframe. Realize the transmission of the first pull rod.
  • the brake beam is installed on the bogie; the brake beam has a triangular structure to ensure the stability and reliability of the brake beam. even.
  • the connecting rod is arc-shaped, and the connecting rod is connected to the brake beam through the second lever 5-6. It should be explained that the two ends of the connecting rod are provided with a second lever, and the middle part of the second lever is hingedly connected with the connecting rod , the bottom of the second lever is connected to the top of the brake beam through the connecting piece, and the top of one of the second levers is connected to the second pull rod.
  • the other end of the brake shoe clearance adjuster 5-3 away from the first pull rod is also connected to another second pull rod, and then connected with the brake beam and the brake shoe through the second pull rod and the connecting rod.
  • the other pair of wheels realizes braking; that is to say, the brake cylinder transmits the braking force to the brake shoe through the first lever, the second pull rod and the connecting rod.
  • the braking force generated by the push rod of the brake cylinder passes through the first lever 5-2, the first pull rod 5-4, the brake shoe gap adjuster 5-3, the second pull rod 5- 5. After the transmission of the connecting rod and the brake beam 5-7, the braking force is finally directly acted on the wheel through the brake shoe 5-8 to realize the braking of the vehicle.
  • the brake system also includes a hand brake device.
  • the hand brake device For a group of rail vehicles, when the brake valve is installed on one of the two connected single-axle bogie rail vehicles, the hand brake device is installed on on the other;
  • the hand brake device 6 includes a hand wheel, the hand wheel is connected with the gear box 6-4 through the transmission shaft, the gear box is connected with the screw rod 6-6 through the third transmission shaft 6-5, and the screw rod 6-6 is connected by a bolt and a nut 6-7 is connected with the hand brake pull rod 6-8, and the hand brake pull rod is connected with the first lever 5-2 located in the foundation brake device, and further generates braking force on the vehicle through the brake shoe.
  • the hand brake pull rod is the prior art, and the hand brake pull rod has multiple sections.
  • two hand wheels are provided, one hand wheel is connected to the gear box through the first transmission shaft, and the other hand wheel is connected to the gear box through the second transmission shaft.
  • the braking force acting on the handwheel 6-1 is transmitted to the gearbox 6-4 through the first transmission shaft 6-2 and the second transmission shaft 6-3 respectively, and then through the third transmission shaft 6-5 and the screw rod 6 -6. After the transmission of the hand brake pull rod 6-8, it is finally transmitted to the first lever 5-2 in the foundation brake device 5 of the rail vehicle where the hand brake device is located, and the brake shoe 5-8 generates a braking force on the vehicle.
  • the brake valve composition 1, the brake piping system 2, the air storage cylinder 4, and the hand brake device 6 are fixed on the vehicle body chassis 8 through bolts and other fasteners.
  • the moving beam 5-7 and other related components are installed on the bogie, the brake cylinder 5-1, the brake shoe clearance adjuster 5-3, each lever and each tie rod are fixed on the car body chassis, and the weighing valve 3 is installed in the middle The sides of the two bogies 7.
  • Each component is connected to each other through the brake pipe system 2 and transmits the air pressure signal, and the vehicle in this group is connected to other vehicles through the main air pipe pipeline 2-6;
  • the brake valve is installed at the end of one of the rail vehicles, and the two rail vehicles share one air storage cylinder, which is installed on the side of the underframe parallel to the longitudinal direction of the car body in order to save space; Foundation brakes are installed on the sides of the underframe of the car body.
  • Brake valve composition 1, brake piping system 2, air storage cylinder 4, hand brake device 6 and part of the basic brake device 5 are installed according to the space of the vehicle body chassis 8, and the handwheel of the hand brake device 6 6-4 are located on both sides of the bottom frame, and the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft are both set through the bottom frame.
  • This embodiment provides a single-axle bogie vehicle, including the braking system of the single-axle bogie vehicle described in Embodiment 1.
  • the braking system in this embodiment is suitable for the situation where two rail vehicles form a group.
  • a group of vehicles use a set of braking system, each vehicle is equipped with two single-axle bogies, and a group of vehicles uses four single axle bogie.
  • each single-axle bogie rail vehicle is provided with two single-axle bogies respectively, which is beneficial to reduce the dead weight of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle and improve the transportation capacity of the single-axle bogie rail vehicle.
  • This embodiment provides a braking method for a single-axle bogie vehicle, including the braking system for a single-axle bogie vehicle described in Embodiment 1, including the following:
  • the main air pipeline is equipped with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is connected to the brake valve;
  • the pressure air passes through the brake valve 1-1, and then passes through the brake piping system 2 to fill the air storage cylinder 4 and weighing valve 3 with pressure air. At this time, the brake cylinder 5 There is no pressurized air in -1, the brake system does not act and is in a release state.
  • the brake valve 1-1 controls the pressure air in the air storage cylinder 4 to be charged into the brake cylinder 5 -1, at this time, the brake cylinder push rod is pushed out, the brake system brakes, and the brake cylinder 5-1 generates a braking force, which passes through the first lever 5-2, the first pull rod 5-4 and the brake shoe clearance adjuster 5- 3. After the transmission of the second pull rod 5-5, the connecting rod, and the brake beam 5-7, the braking force is finally directly applied to the wheel through the brake shoe 5-8, so as to realize the braking of the vehicle.
  • the braking force of the hand brake device acting on the hand wheel 6-1 is transmitted to the gearbox 6-4 through the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft respectively, and finally transmitted to the foundation brake device after being transmitted by the hand brake lever On the first lever 5-2 among the 5, the brake shoe 5-8 produces braking force to the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Control Valves For Brake Systems (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
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Abstract

一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，包括制动阀组成（1），制动阀组成（1）包括制动阀（1-1），制动阀（1-1）通过制动管系（2）中的多根管路与称重阀（3）、储风缸（4）、基础制动装置（5）分别连接，制动阀（1-1）还与制动管系（2）中的主风管路（2-6）连接，称重阀（3）安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆的转向架（7）侧面，基础制动装置（5）包括制动缸（5-1），制动缸（5-1）与制动阀（1-1）连接，制动缸（5-1）与闸瓦（5-8）连接以将制动力通过闸瓦（5-8）直接作用在车轮上，实现对单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动。还公开了一种车辆及方法。该制动系统解决了现有技术中单轴转向架轨道车辆制动系统存在制动缺陷的问题，具有改善单轴转向架轨道车辆制动效果，保证车辆运输能力的有益效果。

Description

一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统、车辆及方法
本发明要求于2021年11月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111436512.9、发明名称为“一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统、车辆及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本发明中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆制动技术领域，尤其是一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统、车辆及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
针对轨道车辆，尤其是铁路货车，由于车辆转角、车辆自重等原因，有时要设计成单轴转向架的车辆，现有车辆大多为两轴或多轴转向架的形式，多轴转向架车辆的制动系统已是成熟可靠的；但是发明人发现，对于单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动设计尚不成熟，制动系统设计的不成熟极大程度限制了单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动能力和运输能力。
发明人还发现，现有的称重阀都是竖直设置的，称重阀竖直放置不适用于单轴转向架。
另外，现有的单轴转向架车辆制动系统中每一车辆都设置有制动阀等，使得轨道车辆自身重量是较大的，进一步影响了单轴轨道车辆的运输能力。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，安全可靠、简单灵活，可以充分发挥单轴转向架铁路车辆的运输能力的单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，包括制动阀组成，制动阀组成包括制动阀，制动阀通过制动管系中的多根管路与称重阀、储风缸、基础制动装置分别连接，制动阀还与制动管系中的主风管路连接以获得车辆制动所需要的风源，并获得制动或缓解的信号，称重阀水平安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆的转向架侧面，基础制动装置包括制动缸，制动缸与制动阀连接，制动缸与闸瓦连接以将制动力通过闸瓦直接作用在车轮上，实现对单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动。
如上所述的制动系统中，称重阀利用单轴转向架轨道车辆的转向架特点，水平安装，称重阀通过对应的管路将压力信号传递给制动阀，制动阀根据信号对制动缸产生的制动力做出相应变化，制动缸最终通过闸瓦将制动力作用在车轮上；制动阀通过获取主风管路中气压的变化，使制动系统处于制动或缓解状态，充分保证了制动的制动效果，也保证了车辆的运载能力。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，为了对制动阀组成的稳定支撑，所述制动阀组成固定于车体底架；
所述制动阀组成还包括与所述制动阀连接的开关转换装置，以通过开关转换装置控制制动系统的开启或关闭；
所述制动阀组成还包括与制动阀连接的制动模式转换装置，以通过制动模式转换装置控制制动系统转换成相异的制动模式。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，所述制动阀组成还包括与所述制动阀连接的手动缓解装置，以实现人工对制动系统的缓解。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，考虑到一般情况下单轴转向架轨道车辆是两辆轨道车辆组成一组，一套制动系统实现对两辆车的同时控制，所述制动管系的多根管路覆盖两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆；两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆之间的多根管路通过软管连接，为了防止管路中积水的问题，软管中部被吊高，具体将软管同车体侧壁连接以使得软管中部被吊高，在与软管两端连接的所述主风管路设置有排水器方便积水的排出。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，所述储风缸平行车体纵向方向安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架，储风缸通过储风缸管路与制动阀相连接，储风缸起到储存压力风源的作用；
为合理利用空间，保证压力空气流动顺畅，储风缸位于所述制动阀的侧部，制动阀通过车体底架进行安装。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，所述制动缸的两端分别与第一杠杆连接，两根第一杠杆之间活动连接有第一拉杆，两处第一杠杆的一端共同连接到闸瓦间隙调整器，闸瓦间隙调整器和远离闸瓦间隙调整器的第一杠杆分别连接第二拉杆，第二拉杆与连杆连接，连杆通过第二杠杆与制动梁连接，制动梁与位于单轴转向架轨道车辆车轮处的闸瓦连接，每一车轮的两侧均设置有闸瓦，每一单轴转向架轨道车辆设置两处单 轴转向架，每一车轮两侧闸瓦的设置有利于保证轨道车辆的制动效果；
第一拉杆位于车体底架的中心，为避免第一拉杆与车体底架干涉，第一拉杆的中段设置凹型连接板，凹型连接板能够跨过车体底架上的横梁，实现第一拉杆的传动。
为保证制动效果，制动梁安装于转向架；制动梁为三角型结构，三角形结构的制动梁充分保证制动梁的可靠性；
进一步地，所述制动缸、闸瓦间隙调整器、第一杠杆、连杆、第二杠杆、第一拉杆和第二拉杆固定于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架上。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，还包括对所述车轮进行手制动的手制动装置，手制动装置与基础制动装置连接，以将作用于手制动装置的制动力通过基础制动装置作用于闸瓦；
制动阀安装于两辆连接的单轴转向架轨道车辆中的其中一辆时，手制动装置安装于另一辆上。
所述手制动装置包括手轮，手轮通过传动轴与齿轮箱连接，齿轮箱通过第三传动轴与螺杆连接，螺杆与手制动拉杆连接，手制动拉杆与所述基础制动装置连接，通过手制动装置的设置，保证单轴转向架轨道车辆停放在轨道无牵引车头带动时的制动效果；
为了方便操作，所述传动轴穿过所述单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架设置，手轮位于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架外侧。
如上所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，所述称重阀所在的转向架靠近连接的两辆轨道车辆的连接处，称重阀的受力面朝向转向架的斜面装置设置，且称重阀与转向架的斜面装置连接；
转向架斜面装置通过U型结构件与称重阀连接，U型结构件与转向架斜面装置铰接连接。
第二方面，本发明还提供了一种单轴转向架轨道车辆，两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆为一组，各单轴转向架轨道车辆分别设置两处单轴转向架，一组单轴转向架轨道车辆共同采用所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，充分保证单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动效果和运载能力。
第三方面，本发明还提供了一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动方法，包括如下内容：
当主风管路充气达到定压后，压力空气通过制动阀后，经过制动管系给储风缸、称重阀充满压力空气，此时制动缸中没有压力空气，制动系统不动作，处于缓解状态；
当主风管路减压量达到压力值时，由于制动阀内压力平衡的原理，制动阀控制将储风缸中的压力空气充入制动缸，此时制动缸推出，制动系统制动，制动缸产生制动力，最终作用在车轮上，实现对单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动；
当主风管路充气达到定压后，车辆制动得到缓解。
上述本发明的有益效果如下：
1)本发明的制动系统，结构简单，安全可靠，安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆上，通过制动阀通过管路与主要部件连接，设置主风管路、制动缸等结构件，极大的改善了单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动效果和能力，极大的提高了单轴转向架轨道车辆的使用效果和运载能力，为单轴转向架轨道车辆大规模应用提供了技术支撑。
2)本发明通过称重阀水平设置，充分利用单轴转向架轨道车辆转向架的特点，无需竖直设置，更能准确获取车辆载重变化信息；当车辆载重变化时，转向架对称重阀作用力也会相应变化，称重阀通过对应的管路将压力信号传递给制动阀，制动阀根据信号对产生的制动力做出相应变化，进一步保证单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动效果。
3)本发明基础制动装置中，通过多根杠杆、多根拉杆的设置，能够有效将制动缸产生的制动力经过杠杆、拉杆传递至制动梁和闸瓦，进而作用于车轮，以实现制动。
4)本发明通过手制动装置的设置，作用在手轮上的制动力，通过手制动装置各部件的传递后最终传递到基础制动装置上，通过闸瓦对车辆产生制动力。
5)本发明的轨道车辆，两辆轨道车辆共用一套制动系统，实现一套制动系统同时对两辆轨道车辆的制动控制，各单轴转向架轨道车辆分别设置两处单轴转向架，进一步有利于降低单轴转向架轨道车辆的自重，提高单轴转向架轨道车辆的运输能力。
6)本发明制动方法的给出，通过主风管路中压力空气的压力大小，由制动阀控制制动缸中的压力空气，从而进行制动；当主风管路充气到定压后，车辆制动就会缓解，保证单轴转向架车辆的有效制动。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统的示意图。
图2是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统中制动阀组成的示意图。
图3是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统中制动管系在两组车辆的示意图。
图4是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统中称重阀的示意图。
图5是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统中基础制动装置的示意图。
图6是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统中手制动装置的示意图。
图7是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统安装于车体底架的示意图。
图中：为显示各部位位置而夸大了互相间间距或尺寸，示意图仅作示意。
其中：1制动阀组成、2制动管系、3称重阀、4储风缸、5基础制动装置、6手制动装置、7转向架；
1-1制动阀、1-2开关转换装置、1-3制动模式转换装置、1-4手动缓解装置；
2-1折角塞门、2-2排水器、2-3连接软管、2-4管接头、2-5管夹、2-6主风管路、2-7称重阀管路、2-8制动缸管路、2-9储风缸管路；
5-1制动缸、5-2第一杠杆、5-3闸瓦间隙调整器、5-4第一拉杆、5-5第二拉杆、5-6连杆、5-7制动梁、5-8闸瓦、5-9凹型连接板；
6-1手轮、6-2第一传动轴、6-3第二传动轴、6-4齿轮箱、6-5第三传动轴、6-6螺杆、6-7螺母、6-8手制动拉杆。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非本发明另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在单轴转向架轨道车辆制动系统存在结构复杂、存在制动缺陷的问题，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统。
实施例一
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，参考图1所示，一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，包括安装于车体底架的制动阀组成1、制动管系2、储风缸4和手制动装置6，制动阀组成包括制动阀，基础制动装置5的部分安装于车体底架，基础制动装置包括闸瓦，闸瓦位于车轮的侧部且闸瓦能够与车轮接触，称重阀3安装于转向架的侧面以传递压力信号至制动阀组成， 制动管系2包括多根管路，各管路将制动阀组成分别与另外的车辆、称重阀、储风缸、基础制动装置连接。
参考图2所示，制动阀组成1包括制动阀1-1、开关转换装置1-2、制动模式转换装置1-3、手动缓解装置1-4，制动阀1-1通过紧固件如螺栓固定于车体底架上，制动阀1-1通过制动管系2与另外的车辆、储风缸4、称重阀3、制动缸5-1相连接，通过制动管系2中主风管路2-6中气压的变化，使制动系统处于制动或缓解状态。
进一步地，开关转换装置1-2包括转换手柄、转换轴、转换连杆，开关转换装置与制动阀1-1相连，通过操作开关转换装置1-2，控制本车整个制动系统的开启和关闭。
同样地，制动模式转换装置1-3包括转换手柄、转换轴、转换连杆，制动模式转换装置1-3与制动阀1-1相连，在车辆与客车或货车混编时，通过操作制动模式转换装置1-3，控制制动系统转换成客车或货车不同的制动模式，产生不同的制动效果。
需要解释地是，开关转换装置1-2与制动模式转换装置1-3的两转换轴相互平行，且两转换轴各自通过转换连杆与制动阀1-1连接，转换手柄位于转换轴的一侧。
需要说明地是，转换轴为长轴，转换连杆具体为多连杆机构，转换连杆的一端与制动阀连接，另一端套于对应的转换轴，多连杆机构中相邻两连杆铰接连接。
手动缓解装置1-4包括通过圆钢制成的第一杆，圆钢的端部设置为环状以便于操作，第一杆的一端通过紧固件如螺栓连接在制动阀1-1上，人工拉动手动缓解装置1-4可以人工对制动系统的缓解。
参考图3所示，制动管系2包括多根分别与制动阀连接的管路，每一根管路分别设置管接头，通过管接头2-4将各段管路、制动缸5-1、制动阀1-1、储风缸4、称重阀3等部件相互连接，制动管系起到通风，传递气压信号的作用。
根据管路连接部件的不同，制动管系2包括主风管路2-6、称重阀管路2-7、制动缸管路2-8、储风缸管路2-9；容易理解地是，主风管路实现制动阀同另外车体主风管路的连通，称重阀管路实现制动阀同称重阀连通，制动缸管路实现制动阀同制动缸的连通，储风缸管路实现制动阀同储风缸的连通。
具体地，各个连杆、杠杆间通过销轴相连接，一组单轴转向架轨道车辆中，两辆车之间的管路通过连接软管2-3进行连接，并使用吊杆将软管中间吊起，形成中间高两边低的形式，避免软管处积水；
另外，需要补充地是，主风管路还设置有折角塞门2-1、排水器2-2，排水器用于主风管路的排水，排水器靠近连接软管设置，位于连接软管的两侧，排水器为现有的排水器；部分管路设置有管夹，管夹用于将管路固定于车体底架。
其中，折角塞门是铁路机车与机车、机车与车辆、车辆与车辆之间空气连通与切断的控制阀，其手把提起后可进行90°旋转，实现风路的开闭。
考虑到一般情况下单轴转向架轨道车辆是两辆轨道车辆组成一组，一套制动系统实现对两辆车的同时控制，更加有利于节约车体底架空间，减轻整车的重量。
参考图4所示，称重阀所在的转向架靠近连接的两辆轨道车辆的连接处，称重阀3水平安装于转向架7侧面，称重阀的受力面朝向转向架的斜面装置设置，且称重阀与转向架的斜面装置连接。车辆载重变化时，转向架7上的斜面装置(转向架内侧的斜面装置，为现有技术)对称重阀3作用力也会相应变化，称重阀3通过称重阀管路2-7将压力信号传递给制动阀1-1，制动阀1-1根据信号对产生的制动力做出相应变化。
具体地，转向架斜面装置设置耳边，耳边设置开孔，销轴穿过U型结构件，U型结构件的一侧与称重阀连接，另一侧通过销轴与转向架的斜面装置实现铰接连接；
需要说明地是，储风缸4平行车体纵向方向通过螺栓固定在一辆单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架上，两辆轨道车辆共用一处储风缸，降低车辆载重，通过储风缸管路2-9与制动阀1-1相连接，储风缸4起到储存压力风源的作用。
参考图5所示，针对一辆轨道车辆，基础制动装置5包括制动缸5-1、闸瓦间隙调整器5-3、各类制动杠杆、拉杆，制动缸5-1通过制动缸管路2-8与制动阀1-1相连接，接收制动阀1-1传递的制动缓解信号，各个部件之间通过销轴连接；每一轨道车辆均设置有一处基础制动装置。
具体地，制动缸5-1的两端分别与第一杠杆5-2连接，两根第一杠杆之间活动连接有第一拉杆5-4，两处第一杠杆5-1的一端共同连接到闸瓦间 隙调整器5-3，一处第一杠杆的一端连接到第二拉杆5-5，第二拉杆与连杆连接，连杆的两端分别与制动梁连接，制动梁的两端分别设置闸瓦5-8，这样对车轮两侧的闸瓦分别进行制动。
第一拉杆位于车体底架的中心，为避免第一拉杆与车体底架干涉，第一拉杆的中段设置凹型连接板5-9，凹型连接板能够跨过车体底架上的横梁，实现第一拉杆的传动。
制动梁安装于转向架；制动梁为三角型结构以保证制动梁设置的稳定性和可靠性，制动梁的顶端与连杆连接，制动梁的底部两侧各自与闸瓦固连。
进一步，连杆为弧形，连杆通过第二杠杆5-6与制动梁连接，需要解释地是，连杆的两端均设置有第二杠杆，第二杠杆的中部与连杆铰接连接，第二杠杆的底部通过连接片与制动梁的顶端连接，其中一处第二杠杆的顶端与第二拉杆连接。
当然，可以理解地是，闸瓦间隙调整器5-3远离第一拉杆的另一端同样连接到另一第二拉杆，再通过该第二拉杆、连杆与制动梁、闸瓦连接，对另一对车轮实现制动；也就是说制动缸通过第一杠杆、第二拉杆、连杆将制动力传递至闸瓦。
制动缸5-1充风后，制动缸推杆推出产生的制动力，经过第一杠杆5-2、第一拉杆5-4及闸瓦间隙调整器5-3、第二拉杆5-5、连杆、制动梁5-7的传递后，最终将制动力通过闸瓦5-8直接作用在车轮上，实现对车辆的制动。
参考图6所示，制动系统还包括手制动装置，针对一组轨道车辆，制动阀安装于两辆连接的单轴转向架轨道车辆中的其中一辆时，手制动装置安装于另一辆上；
具体地，手制动装置6包括手轮，手轮通过传动轴与齿轮箱6-4连接，齿轮箱通过第三传动轴6-5与螺杆6-6连接，螺杆6-6通过螺栓和螺母6-7与手制动拉杆6-8连接，手制动拉杆与位于所述基础制动装置中的第一杠杆5-2连接，进一步通过闸瓦对车辆产生制动力。
需要解释地是，手制动拉杆为现有技术，手制动拉杆具有多段。
可以理解地是，设置两处手轮，一处手轮通过第一传动轴与齿轮箱连接，另一处手轮通过第二传动轴与齿轮箱连接。
作用在手轮6-1上的制动力，分别通过第一传动轴6-2、第二传动轴6-3后传递到齿轮箱6-4，再通过第三传动轴6-5、螺杆6-6、手制动拉杆6-8的传递后最终传递到手制动装置所在轨道车辆的基础制动装置5中的第一杠杆5-2上，通过闸瓦5-8对车辆产生制动力。
参考图7所示，制动阀组成1、制动管系2、储风缸4、手制动装置6通过螺栓等紧固件固定于车体底架8上，基础制动装置5的制动梁5-7等相关部件安装于转向架上，制动缸5-1、闸瓦间隙调整器5-3与各杠杆、各拉杆固定于车体底架上，称重阀3安装于中间两个转向架7的侧面。各部件之间通过制动管系2相互连接并传递气压信号，本组车与其他车之间通过主风管管路2-6相连接；
制动阀安装于其中一辆轨道车辆的端部，两辆轨道车辆共用一个储风缸，为节约空间储风缸平行于车体纵向方向安装于底架的侧边上；在两辆轨道车辆车体底架的侧边上都安装有基础制动装置。
制动阀组成1、制动管系2、储风缸4、手制动装置6和部分基础制动装置5的部件根据车体底架8的空间进行安装，手制动装置6的手轮6-4位于底架的两侧，第一传动轴和第二传动轴均穿过底架设置。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种单轴转向架车辆，包括实施例一所述的一种单轴转向架车辆的制动系统。
本实施例中的制动系统，适用于两辆轨道车辆组成一组的情况，一组车辆共同使用一套制动系统，每辆车安装两个单轴转向架，一组车用四个单轴转向架。
这样储风缸、制动阀组成、手制动装置各设置一处即可，无需每辆轨道车辆均设置一处制动系统，相比于现有技术单辆车辆设置双轴转向架来说，各单轴转向架轨道车辆分别设置两处单轴转向架，有利于降低单轴转向架轨道车辆的自重，提高单轴转向架轨道车辆的运输能力。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种单轴转向架车辆的制动方法，包括实施例一所述的一种单轴转向架车辆的制动系统，包括如下内容：
主风管路设置压力传感器，压力传感器与制动阀连接；
当主风管路2-6充气达到定压后，压力空气通过制动阀1-1后，经过制动管系2给储风缸4、称重阀3充满压力空气，此时制动缸5-1中没有压力空气，制动系统不动作，处于缓解状态。
当主风管路2-6减压量达到压力值时，由于制动阀1-1内压力平衡的原理，制动阀1-1控制将储风缸4中的压力空气充入制动缸5-1，此时制动缸推杆推出，制动系统制动，制动缸5-1产生制动力，经过第一杠杆5-2、第一拉杆5-4及闸瓦间隙调整器5-3、第二拉杆5-5、连杆、制动梁5-7的传递后，最终将制动力通过闸瓦5-8直接作用在车轮上，实现对车辆的制动。
当主风管路2-6充气达到定压后，车辆制动就会缓解。
手制动装置作用在手轮6-1上的制动力，分别通过第一传动轴和第二传动轴传递到齿轮箱6-4，通过手制动拉杆的传递后最终传递到基础制动装置5中的第一杠杆5-2上，通过闸瓦5-8对车辆产生制动力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，包括制动阀组成，制动阀组成包括制动阀，制动阀通过制动管系中的多根管路与称重阀、储风缸、基础制动装置分别连接，制动阀还与制动管系中的主风管路连接以获得车辆制动所需要的风源，并获得制动或缓解的信号，称重阀水平安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆的转向架侧面，基础制动装置包括制动缸，制动缸与制动阀连接，制动缸与闸瓦连接以将制动力通过闸瓦直接作用在车轮上，实现对单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动；
    所述称重阀所在的转向架靠近连接的两辆轨道车辆的连接处；
    所述称重阀的受力面朝向转向架的斜面装置设置，且称重阀与转向架的斜面装置连接；
    转向架斜面装置通过U型结构件与称重阀连接，U型结构件与转向架斜面装置铰接连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，所述制动阀组成固定于车体底架；
    所述制动阀组成还包括与所述制动阀连接的开关转换装置，以通过开关转换装置控制制动系统的开启或关闭；
    所述制动阀组成还包括与制动阀连接的制动模式转换装置，以通过制动模式转换装置控制制动系统转换成相异的制动模式；
    所述制动阀组成还包括与所述制动阀连接的手动缓解装置，以实现人工对制动系统的缓解。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，所述制动管系的多根管路覆盖两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆；
    两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆之间的多根管路通过软管连接，软管中部被吊高，在与软管两端连接的所述主风管路设置有排水器方便积水的排出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，所述储风缸平行车体纵向方向安装于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架；
    储风缸位于所述制动阀的侧部，制动阀通过车体底架进行安装。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，所述制动缸的两端分别与第一杠杆连接，两根第一杠杆之间活动连接有第一拉杆，两处第一杠杆的一端共同连接到闸瓦间隙调整器，闸瓦间隙调整器和远离闸瓦间隙调整器的第一杠杆分别连接第二拉杆，第二拉杆与连杆连接，连杆通过第二杠杆与制动梁连接，制动梁与位于单轴转向架轨道车辆车轮处的闸瓦连接，每一车轮的两侧均设置有闸瓦；
    第一拉杆位于车体底架的中心，为避免第一拉杆与车体底架干涉，第一拉杆的中段设置凹型连接板，凹型连接板能够跨过车体底架上的横梁。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，所述制动梁安装于转向架；制动梁为三角型结构；
    所述制动缸、闸瓦间隙调整器、第一杠杆、连杆、第二杠杆、第一拉杆和第二拉杆固定于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统，其特征在于，还包括对所述车轮进行手制动的手制动装置；
    所述制动阀安装于两辆连接的单轴转向架轨道车辆中的其中一辆时，手制动装置安装于另一辆上；
    所述手制动装置包括手轮，手轮通过传动轴与齿轮箱连接，齿轮箱通过第三传动轴与螺杆连接，螺杆与手制动拉杆连接，手制动拉杆与所述基础制动装置连接；
    所述传动轴穿过所述单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架设置，手轮位于单轴转向架轨道车辆的车体底架外侧。
  8. 一种单轴转向架轨道车辆，其特征在于，两辆单轴转向架轨道车辆为一组，各单轴转向架轨道车辆分别设置两处单轴转向架，一组单轴转向架轨道车辆共同采用权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动系统。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一种单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动方法，其特征在于，包括如下内容：
    当主风管路充气达到定压后，压力空气通过制动阀后，经过制动管系给储风缸、称重阀充满压力空气，此时制动缸中没有压力空气，制动系统不动作，处于缓解状态；
    当主风管路减压量达到压力值时，由于制动阀内压力平衡的原理，制动阀控制将储风缸中的压力空气充入制动缸，此时制动缸推出，制动系统制动，制动缸产生制动力，最终作用在车轮上，实现对单轴转向架轨道车辆的制动；
    当主风管路充气达到定压后，车辆制动得到缓解。
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