WO2023093159A1 - 锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023093159A1 WO2023093159A1 PCT/CN2022/114921 CN2022114921W WO2023093159A1 WO 2023093159 A1 WO2023093159 A1 WO 2023093159A1 CN 2022114921 W CN2022114921 W CN 2022114921W WO 2023093159 A1 WO2023093159 A1 WO 2023093159A1
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- tin
- preparation
- negative electrode
- ion battery
- alloy
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenyl disulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SSC1=CC=CC=C1 GUUVPOWQJOLRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FULZLIGZKMKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005314 unsaturated fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin disulfide Chemical compound S=[Sn]=S ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004729 solvothermal method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003181 co-melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries, and in particular relates to a preparation method and application of tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrodes.
- Non-carbon materials exhibit high storage capacity for both lithium and sodium, but have not yet achieved large-scale application even in highly commercialized lithium-ion batteries due to problems such as low conductivity, large volume change, and easy pulverization. The problem exists in sodium-ion batteries as well.
- aluminum foil can be used for the current collectors of the positive and negative electrodes, unlike lithium-ion batteries with aluminum foil for the positive electrode and copper foil for the negative electrode, so the cost of sodium-ion batteries is lower than that of lithium-ion batteries.
- the related technology discloses a copper/copper oxide/tin dioxide/carbon negative electrode of a three-dimensional sea urchin/porous composite structure lithium ion battery, which is composed of three-dimensional nanoporous copper, copper oxide film, tin dioxide and carbon, and the copper oxide film is composed of three-dimensional A continuous film formed by partial oxidation of the surface of nanoporous copper.
- the copper oxide film wraps the three-dimensional nanoporous copper, tin dioxide is wrapped by carbon, and the carbon-wrapped tin dioxide forms a sea urchin structure on the outer surface of the three-dimensional nanoporous copper wrapped by the copper oxide film. carbon-coated tin dioxide layer.
- the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a preparation method and application of a tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet.
- the negative electrode sheet current collector can be copper or aluminum, and no coating is required to avoid powder removal of the material.
- a kind of preparation method of tin-based sulfide sodium-ion battery negative plate comprising the following steps:
- the alloy foil is heated and reacted with oxidizing gas, washed to obtain nanoporous metal foil, the alloy foil is copper-tin alloy or aluminum-tin alloy, and the oxidizing gas is chlorine gas or a mixture of chlorine gas and inert gas; reaction process In the process, tin and chlorine gas form tin tetrachloride, aluminum is oxidized to form a dense oxide film, and copper does not react with chlorine gas, thereby realizing the de-alloying of tin.
- step S1 the content of tin atoms in the alloy foil is 15-50%.
- step S1 the volume fraction of chlorine in the oxidizing gas is 10-100%.
- the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
- step S1 the temperature of the reaction is 70-80°C.
- step S1 the alloy foil is produced by co-melting.
- the organic sulfide is n-dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, thiourea, phenylthiourea, diphenyl disulfide or cysteine at least one of the
- the organic solvent is at least one of sixteen-carbon, eighteen-carbon, twenty-carbon or twenty-two-carbon unsaturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty amines.
- step S2 the molar ratio of the organic sulfide to tin tetrachloride is (2-4):1.
- the reaction temperature is 220-290°C. Further, the reaction time is 10-30 minutes.
- the inert gas is nitrogen or argon.
- step S2 after the reaction is finished, it also includes the step of washing the negative electrode sheet of the tin-based sodium sulfide sodium ion battery, and the washing is first washed with water, and then washed with n-hexane , cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, cycloheptane, isopropanol, n-propanol or ethanol.
- step S2 the tin tetrachloride is tin tetrachloride produced by the reaction described in step S1.
- the invention also provides the application of the preparation method in sodium ion batteries.
- the present invention utilizes the high reactivity of tin and chlorine gas and the characteristic that the produced tin tetrachloride is liquid, reacts the fabricated alloy foil with chlorine gas, the aluminum in the alloy foil is oxidized to form a dense oxide film, and the copper does not react with chlorine gas , so as to realize the dealloying of tin and obtain nanoporous metal foil.
- the metal foil Since aluminum reacts in hot water, the metal foil is placed in an organic solvent, and tin disulfide is prepared by solvothermal method, and the tin disulfide is inlaid with the nanopores of the metal foil as a template, avoiding the subsequent coating of negative electrode materials Process, and the embedded structure is tight, there will be no powder removal phenomenon, and the whole reaction will not produce moisture, which further improves the crystallinity of tin disulfide and improves its cycle performance when used as a negative electrode material.
- Fig. 1 is the SEM image of the surface of the aluminum foil with tin removed in Example 1 of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the surface of the tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- a tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet is prepared, including nanoporous aluminum foil and tin disulfide embedded on the aluminum foil.
- the specific preparation process is:
- the aluminum-tin alloy is made into the required specifications of the metal foil of the negative electrode collector of the sodium ion battery, and the content of tin atoms in the alloy foil accounts for 15%;
- step (3) After the reaction in step (2), take out the aluminum foil, wash it with deionized water, dry it, and put it in 20 mL of oleylamine with a mass of 0.61 g;
- step (2) (4) the tin tetrachloride that step (2) generates gets 0.8g and joins in oleylamine, and adds 1.58g n-dodecanethiol;
- reaction temperature is controlled to be 290° C., and the reaction time is 20 minutes;
- step (5) After the reaction in step (5), the aluminum foil was taken out, washed with deionized water, then washed with n-hexane, and dried to obtain the tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet, with a mass of 1.13 g.
- a tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet is prepared, including nanoporous aluminum foil and tin disulfide embedded on the aluminum foil.
- the specific preparation process is:
- the aluminum-tin alloy is made into the required specifications of the metal foil of the negative electrode collector of the sodium ion battery, and the content of tin atoms in the alloy foil accounts for 20%;
- step (3) After the reaction in step (2), the aluminum foil was taken out, washed with deionized water, dried, and the mass was 0.606 g, and placed in 30 mL of oleylamine;
- reaction temperature is 260 °C, and reaction time is 30 minutes;
- step (5) After the reaction in step (5), the aluminum foil was taken out, washed with deionized water, and then washed with ethanol, and dried to obtain the tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet, with a mass of 1.38 g.
- a tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet is prepared, which includes nanoporous copper foil and tin disulfide embedded on the copper foil.
- the specific preparation process is:
- the copper-tin alloy is made into the required specifications of the metal foil of the negative electrode collector of the sodium ion battery, and the content of tin atoms in the alloy foil accounts for 30%;
- step (3) After the reaction in step (2), the copper foil was taken out, washed with deionized water, dried, and the mass was 1.57 g, and placed in 40 mL of oleylamine;
- reaction temperature is controlled to be 220° C., and the reaction time is 30 minutes;
- step (5) After the reaction in step (5), the copper foil was taken out, washed with deionized water, then n-propanol, and dried to obtain the tin-based sulfide sodium ion battery negative electrode sheet, with a mass of 2.77 g.
- the tin-based sulfide sodium-ion battery negative electrodes prepared in Examples 1-3 were assembled into sodium-ion half-cells respectively, and their cycle performance was tested at a high current density of 200mA/g. The results are shown in the table below.
- Example 1 721.6 683.5
- Example 2 742.8 699.7
- Example 3 694.2 657.3
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Abstract
一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法及其应用。制备方法包括将合金箔与氧化气体加热反应,得到纳米多孔的金属箔,合金箔为铜锡合金或铝锡合金,氧化气体为氯气或氯气与惰性气体的混合气,将金属箔置于有机溶剂中,再向有机溶剂中加入四氯化锡和有机硫化物,在惰性气氛下加热反应,即得锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片。通过将合金箔与氯气反应,合金箔中的铝被氧化形成致密氧化膜,铜不与氯气反应,实现锡的去合金化,得到纳米多孔的金属箔,利用溶剂热法制得二硫化锡,且二硫化锡以金属箔的纳米孔为模板进行镶嵌,避免了后续负极材料的涂布过程,且嵌入结构紧密,不会产生脱粉的现象,提升了其作为负极材料使用时的循环性能。
Description
本发明属于钠离子电池负极材料技术领域,具体涉及一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法及其应用。
在二十世纪七、八十年代,钠离子电池与锂离子电池的研究几乎处于同一水平,然而石墨负极在锂离子电池中的成功应用直接促进了其商业化进程,钠离子电池却至今仍未实现产业化突破,瓶颈之一是缺少合适的实用化负极材料。近几年钠离子电池的研究相继取得重要的进展,其中负极材料的研究主要集中于碳材料以及一些非碳材料(金属及氧化物材料、合金材料及磷等)。非碳材料对锂和钠都表现出高的存储容量,但是由于导电率低、体积变化大和易粉化等问题,即便在商业化程度很高的锂离子电池中仍未获得大规模应用,上述问题在钠离子电池中同样存在。
基于钠离子电池的特点,其正负极的集流体均可使用铝箔,而不像锂离子电池正极为铝箔、负极为铜箔,故此钠离子电池的成本要低于锂离子电池。
钠离子电池正负极片的制作与锂离子电池相同,都需要在有机溶剂下进行涂布,在使用过程中还可能造成脱粉的现象。
相关技术公开了一种三维海胆/多孔复合结构锂离子电池铜/氧化铜/二氧化锡/碳负极,由三维纳米多孔铜、氧化铜膜、二氧化锡和碳组成,氧化铜膜是由三维纳米多孔铜表面部分氧化形成的连续膜,氧化铜膜将三维纳米多孔铜包裹,二氧化锡被碳包裹,碳包裹的二氧化锡在氧化铜膜包裹的三维纳米多孔铜外表面形成具有海胆结构的碳包裹的二氧化锡层。其简化了锂离子电池负极的生产工艺,避免活性组分在锂离子电池充放电过程中脱落,有效提高锂离子电池负极的循环性能和倍率性能。然而,此法仅能应用于锂离子电池铜箔上,对于铝箔则无法适用。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法及其应用,该负极片集流体可以为铜,也可以为铝,且无需涂布,避免了材料的脱粉。
根据本发明的一个方面,提出了一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法,包 括以下步骤:
S1:将合金箔与氧化气体加热反应,洗涤,得到纳米多孔的金属箔,所述合金箔为铜锡合金或铝锡合金,所述氧化气体为氯气或氯气与惰性气体的混合气;反应过程中,锡与氯气生成四氯化锡,铝被氧化形成致密氧化膜,铜不与氯气反应,从而实现锡的去合金化。
S2:将所述金属箔置于有机溶剂中,再向所述有机溶剂中加入四氯化锡和有机硫化物,在惰性气氛下加热反应,即得所述锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述合金箔中锡原子的含量占比为15-50%。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述氧化气体中氯气的体积分数为10-100%。进一步地,所述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述反应的温度为70-80℃。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S1中,所述合金箔为共熔融制得。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述有机硫化物为正十二硫醇、叔十二硫醇、硫脲、苯基硫脲、二苯基二硫醚或半胱氨酸中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述有机溶剂为十六碳、十八碳、二十碳或二十二碳的不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪胺中的至少一种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述有机硫化物与四氯化锡的摩尔比为(2-4):1。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述反应的温度为220-290℃。进一步地,所述反应的时间为10-30分钟。所述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述反应结束后,还包括将所述锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片进行洗涤的步骤,所述洗涤是先用水洗,再用正己烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、环庚烷、异丙醇、正丙醇或乙醇中的至少一种洗涤。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,步骤S2中,所述四氯化锡为步骤S1所述反应生成的四氯化锡。
本发明还提供所述的制备方法在钠离子电池中的应用。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,至少具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明利用锡与氯气的高反应活性且生成的四氯化锡为液体的特点,将打造好的合金箔与氯气反应,合金箔中铝被氧化形成致密氧化膜,铜不与氯气反应,从而实现锡的去合金化,得到纳米多孔的金属箔。
2、由于铝在热水反应,将金属箔置于有机溶剂中,利用溶剂热法制得二硫化锡,且二硫化锡以金属箔的纳米孔为模板进行镶嵌,避免了后续负极材料的涂布过程,且嵌入结构紧密,不会产生脱粉的现象,整个反应没有产生水分,进一步提高了二硫化锡的结晶度,提升了其作为负极材料使用时的循环性能。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为本发明实施例1中去除锡的铝箔片表面SEM图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备的锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片表面SEM图。
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例制备了一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,包括纳米多孔的铝箔以及镶嵌在铝箔上的二硫化锡。具体制备过程为:
(1)将铝锡合金制成钠离子电池负极集流体金属箔所需规格,合金箔中锡原子的含量占比为15%;
(2)将1.2g合金箔置于密闭的玻璃塔内,并向玻璃塔内通入干燥的氧化气体,氧化气体为氯气和氮气的混合气,氯气的体积分数为90%,控制塔内反应温度为70-80℃,反应过程中,锡与氯气生成四氯化锡,铝被氧化形成致密氧化膜,从而实现锡的去合金化,得到纳米多孔的铝箔;
(3)步骤(2)反应结束后,取出铝箔用去离子水洗涤、干燥后,质量为0.61g,置于20mL油胺中;
(4)将步骤(2)生成的四氯化锡取0.8g加入到油胺中,并加入1.58g正十二硫醇;
(5)在氮气氛围下,进行加热,并控制反应温度为290℃,反应时间为20分钟;
(6)步骤(5)反应结束后,取出铝箔,并用去离子水洗涤后,再用正己烷洗涤,干燥后即得锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,质量为1.13g。
实施例2
本实施例制备了一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,包括纳米多孔的铝箔以及镶嵌 在铝箔上的二硫化锡。具体制备过程为:
(1)将铝锡合金制成钠离子电池负极集流体金属箔所需规格,合金箔中锡原子的含量占比为20%;
(2)将1.36g合金箔置于密闭的玻璃塔内,并向玻璃塔内通入干燥的氧化气体,氧化气体为氯气和氩气的混合气,氯气的体积分数为80%,控制塔内反应温度为70-80℃,反应过程中,锡与氯气生成四氯化锡,铝被氧化形成致密氧化膜,从而实现锡的去合金化,得到纳米多孔的铝箔;
(3)步骤(2)反应结束后,取出铝箔用去离子水洗涤、干燥后,质量为0.606g,置于30mL油胺中;
(4)将步骤(2)生成的四氯化锡1.2g加入到油胺中,并加入12.5g硫脲;
(5)在氮气氛围下,进行加热,并控制反应温度为260℃,反应时间为30分钟;
(6)步骤(5)反应结束后,取出铝箔,并用去离子水洗涤后,再用乙醇洗涤,干燥后即得锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,质量为1.38g。
实施例3
本实施例制备了一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,包括纳米多孔的铜箔以及镶嵌在铜箔上的二硫化锡。具体制备过程为:
(1)将铜锡合金制成钠离子电池负极集流体金属箔所需规格,合金箔中锡原子的含量占比为30%;
(2)将2.8g合金箔置于密闭的玻璃塔内,并向玻璃塔内通入干燥的氧化气体,氧化气体为氯气,控制塔内反应温度为70-80℃,得到纳米多孔的铜箔;
(3)步骤(2)反应结束后,取出铜箔用去离子水洗涤、干燥后,质量为1.57g,置于40mL油胺中;
(4)将步骤(2)生成的四氯化锡1.8g加入到油胺中,并加入1.8g硫脲;
(5)在氩气氛围下,进行加热,并控制反应温度为220℃,反应时间为30分钟;
(6)步骤(5)反应结束后,取出铜箔,并用去离子水洗涤后,再用正丙醇洗涤,干燥后即得锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,质量为2.77g。
试验例
取实施例1-3制得的锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片,分别组装成钠离子半电池,在200mA/g高电流密度下,测试其循环性能,结果如下表所示。
首次放电克容量mAh/g | 100圈循环后克容量mAh/g | |
实施例1 | 721.6 | 683.5 |
实施例2 | 742.8 | 699.7 |
实施例3 | 694.2 | 657.3 |
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (10)
- 一种锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S1:将合金箔与氧化气体加热反应,洗涤,得到纳米多孔的金属箔,所述合金箔为铜锡合金或铝锡合金,所述氧化气体为氯气或氯气与惰性气体的混合气;S2:将所述金属箔置于有机溶剂中,再向所述有机溶剂中加入四氯化锡和有机硫化物,在惰性气氛下加热反应,即得所述锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述合金箔中锡原子的含量占比为15-50%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述氧化气体中氯气的体积分数为10-100%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述反应的温度为70-80应。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述有机硫化物为正十二硫醇、叔十二硫醇、硫脲、苯基硫脲、二苯基二硫醚或半胱氨酸中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述有机溶剂为十六碳、十八碳、二十碳或二十二碳的不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪胺中的至少一种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述有机硫化物与四氯化锡的摩尔比为(2-4):1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述反应的温度为220-290℃。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述反应结束后,还包括将所述锡基硫化物钠离子电池负极片进行洗涤的步骤,所述洗涤是先用水洗,再用正己烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、环庚烷、异丙醇、正丙醇或乙醇中的至少一种洗涤。
- 权利要求1-9中任一项所述的制备方法在钠离子电池中的应用。
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