WO2023090817A1 - 양극활물질 내 잔류 리튬 화합물의 분석방법 - Google Patents
양극활물질 내 잔류 리튬 화합물의 분석방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 4
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 LiOH Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003869 coulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000550 preparative sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
- G01N21/68—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using high frequency electric fields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/73—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
- G01N31/168—Determining water content by using Karl Fischer reagent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing residual lithium compounds not involved in charging and discharging in a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium secondary batteries generally have a structure in which an electrolyte solution, a transfer medium of lithium ions, is impregnated with an electrode assembly composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode containing electrode active materials capable of intercalating/extracting lithium ions, and a separator for separating the two electrodes.
- the battery is charged and discharged as lithium ions move between the negative electrode and the positive electrode through the electrolyte.
- the electrode is generally manufactured by coating a foil-shaped current collector with a slurry containing an electrode material such as an active material, a conductive material, and a binder, drying it, and forming an active material layer through a pressing process. .
- the performance of these secondary batteries is influenced by various factors, such as the components of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, the composition of each component, and charge/discharge characteristics thereof.
- the components of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte such as the components of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, the composition of each component, and charge/discharge characteristics thereof.
- lithium by-products generated during the manufacturing process of the cathode active material that is, residual lithium compounds present in the cathode active material but not involved in charging and discharging may impair cathode performance
- its analysis is important for battery performance evaluation.
- LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O are regarded as the four major residual compounds of the cathode active material, and in order to analyze these residual components, in the past, a cathode active material sample was stirred in water to elute the residual compound. After that, a wet method was performed to measure the pH of the filtrate.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of analyzing all four residual lithium compounds of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O present in a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer
- the content change due to moisture is corrected by measuring the H content from the ONH analysis method and the Karl Fischer analysis method.
- the present invention is a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery analyzed by the above method, the content of residual LiOH is 0.1 to 0.4% by weight, the content of residual Li 2 CO 3 is 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, and the residual Li 2 A cathode active material having SO 4 content of 0.1 to 1.3 wt% and residual Li 2 O content of 0.2 to 0.5 is provided.
- ONH analysis, CS analysis, and ICP-OES analysis are performed on a sample of the cathode active material, and LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 present in the cathode active material using the contents of H, C, S, and Li measured therefrom.
- Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O content of all four residual lithium compounds can be analyzed.
- the ONH analysis and the CS analysis are performed in a dry method, unlike the wet method through conventional pH titration, the contents of Li 2 O and LiOH can be measured separately, and the Li 2 SO where pH titration was not performed in the wet method By measuring up to the content of 4 , it can contribute to accurate performance evaluation of the lithium secondary battery.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method capable of analyzing all of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O, which are residual lithium compounds in a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- the cathode active material to be analyzed in the present invention is a compound in which lithium ions are intercalated, which can be used in a cathode constituting a lithium secondary battery, such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiFePO 4 , and LiNi 1- xyz Co x M1 y M2 z O 2
- M1 and M2 are each independently any one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg and Mo
- x , y and z are, independently of each other, atomic fractions of oxide composition elements, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ x+y+z ⁇ 1) selected from the group consisting of may contain more than
- Such a cathode active material is heat treated at a temperature of 900°C or higher after mixing a precursor solution containing transition metals such as Ni, Co, Mn, and a lithium source (Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , etc.) It is made into a crystal having a cubic spinel structure or a layered structure. Li, which is not included in the crystal structure, reacts with CO 2 present in the air during the heat treatment process to become Li 2 CO 3 or reacts with water to form LiOH It can be. In addition, an unreacted lithium source used in preparing the active material may remain on the surface of the final active material.
- a precursor solution containing transition metals such as Ni, Co, Mn
- a lithium source Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 , Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , etc.
- lithium compounds LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O
- LiOH lithium compound
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium compound
- Li 2 SO 4 lithium compound
- Li 2 O lithium compound
- a sample of the cathode active material is prepared and introduced into an oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer (ONH analyzer) and a carbon-sulfur analyzer (CS analyzer) operated in a dry method, and an ICP-OES analyzer operated in a wet method, respectively, to obtain H
- ONO analyzer oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer
- CS analyzer carbon-sulfur analyzer
- ICP-OES analyzer operated in a wet method
- the ONH analyzer is a device for detecting oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen gas components discharged after melting the sample in a heating furnace, and introduces the cathode active material sample in the form of dried particles to the ONH analyzer commonly used in the field.
- the content of the H component included in the sample can be measured.
- the CS analyzer is a device for detecting the content of carbon and sulfur produced by burning a sample in an oxygen stream, and the cathode active material sample is dried in the form of particles along with a flame retardant in a ceramic heating furnace of a CS analyzer commonly used in the field. and by supplying oxygen gas from a high-frequency induction device, the contents of the C component and S component included in the sample can be measured.
- the content of LiOH is calculated using the result of the H component measured by the ONH analysis, and the calculated content of LiOH may be 0.1 to 0.4% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the contents of Li 2 CO 3 and Li 2 SO 4 are calculated using the results of the C component and the S component measured by the CS analysis, respectively, and the content of Li 2 CO 3 is 0.1 based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material. to 1.0 wt%, and the content of Li 2 SO 4 may be 0.1 to 1.3 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode active material.
- the ICP-OES analysis may be performed by using a solution obtained by taking a sample of the cathode active material and dissolving it in ultrapure water.
- a solution obtained by taking a sample of the cathode active material and dissolving it in ultrapure water for example, 1:50 to 1:500 parts by weight of the cathode active material sample and ultrapure water, for example, 1:50 to 300 parts by weight, or 1:50 to 200 parts by weight, or 1: 80 to 150 parts by weight for 1 to 60 minutes, for example 1 to 40 minutes, or 5 to 30 minutes, or 5 to 15 minutes.
- the value analyzed by ICP-OES means the total lithium content (Li wt%) in the cathode active material, that is, the content of all Li compounds such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 , and Li 2 O.
- the ICP-OES analysis is a high-temperature plasma induced by an inert gas, argon gas, which applies high thermal energy to the sample to make atoms and ions in the sample excited state, and then returns to a low energy level and emits radiation.
- an inert gas argon gas
- ultrapure water treatment of the cathode active material sample may be performed by adding ultrapure water in a range of 0.1 to 100 ml based on 100 mg of the preparative sample and then stirring at room temperature for about 5 minutes. After filtering the solution treated with ultrapure water to remove undissolved components, component analysis may be performed by introducing the remaining filtrate into an ICP-OES analyzer commonly used in the art.
- the content of Li 2 O is calculated by subtracting the Li content corresponding to LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 and Li 2 SO 4 from the total residual Li component in the positive electrode active material sample measured by the ICP-OES analysis, and the calculated Li 2
- the content of O may be 0.2 to 0.5% by weight based on the total weight of the cathode active material.
- the order of the steps of ICP-OES analysis, CS analysis and ONH analysis is not particularly limited.
- the present invention in order to solve the problem that it is difficult to distinguish Li 2 O and LiOH because Li 2 O is mostly changed to LiOH when in contact with water, ONH analysis and Karl Fischer analysis are performed from a cathode active material containing water, respectively, and Karl Fischer The accuracy of the LiOH content measurement is improved by a correction that excludes the LiOH content caused by water contact based on the analytically measured moisture content value.
- the LiOH content in the cathode active material can be calculated as in Equation 1 to correct the content change due to moisture.
- H1 is the hydrogen content (wt%) analyzed by the ONH analyzer
- H2 is the hydrogen content (wt%) analyzed by the Karl Fischer method
- MW LiOH is the weight average molecular weight of LiOH
- AM H is the atomic mass of hydrogen.
- the contents of all four residual lithium compounds, LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O, which are present in the cathode active material of the lithium secondary battery and are not involved in charging and discharging, can be analyzed. It is possible to accurately evaluate the performance of the positive electrode and lithium secondary battery by applying the analyzed content of these residual lithium compounds.
- the present invention further provides a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery analyzed by the above method.
- the cathode active material has a residual LiOH content of 0.1 to 0.4 wt %, a residual Li 2 CO 3 content of 0.1 to 1.0 wt %, a residual Li 2 SO 4 content of 0.1 to 1.3 wt %, and a residual Li 2 CO 4 content of 0.1 to 1.3 wt %, based on the total content.
- the content of Li 2 O may be 0.2 to 0.5% by weight.
- each sample solution was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m PTFE filter to remove undissolved components, and then the remaining filtrate (supernatant) was introduced into an ICP-OES instrument (AVIO 500, Perkin Elmer) and component analysis was performed. Thus, the components of total residual Li contained in the sample were measured.
- Plasma gas flow 15.00L/min
- Step 4 Calculation of contents of LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 O
- LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 and Li 2 SO 4 in the sample were calculated using the measurement results of H, C, and S components obtained for the above four types of samples, respectively, and LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 and Li 2 CO 3
- the Li 2 O content was calculated by subtracting the Li content corresponding to Li 2 SO 4 , and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Samples 1 and 2 had a large amount of residual lithium as a result of using the burned product obtained by firing the precursors as a sample, and Samples 3 and 4 used a washed product obtained by washing the fired product and dried as a sample, resulting in residual lithium. lowness can be ascertained.
- a blank was measured three times using a graphite crucible. Calibration was performed using O, C, and N standard samples. 0.02 g of non-dried Li[Ni 0.86 Co 0.05 Mn 0.07 Al 0.02 ]O 2 cathode active material was placed in a tin capsule and sealed. The tin capsules were then placed in a nickel basket. A nickel basket was put into the sample inlet and H analysis was performed. Samples were repeatedly analyzed twice or more for quantitative analysis.
- H1 is the hydrogen content (wt%) analyzed by the ONH analyzer
- H2 is the hydrogen content (wt%) analyzed by the Karl Fischer method
- MW LiOH is the weight average molecular weight of LiOH
- AM H is the atomic mass of hydrogen.
- Comparative Example only LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 were measured as only wet pH titration analysis was performed. It can be seen that the LiOH measured according to the comparative example includes the amount of Li 2 O converted to LiOH, and is similar to the sum of LiOH and Li 2 O according to the example. Therefore, the total amount of LiOH, Li 2 O, and Li 2 CO 3 measured according to Examples and the total amount of LiOH and Li 2 CO 3 measured according to Comparative Example were compared as residual lithium content, and the results are shown in Table 3 below. showed up
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 리튬이차전지용 양극활물질 내 잔류 리튬 화합물을 분석하는 방법으로서,양극활물질 시료를 산소질소수소 분석기(ONH analyzer) 및 칼피셔(Karl Fischer) 분석기로 분석하여 H 성분의 함량을 측정하는 단계;상기 시료를 탄소-황 분석기(CS analyzer)로 분석하여 C 성분 및 S 성분의 함량을 측정하는 단계;상기 시료를 유도결합 플라즈마 발광 분석기(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer, ICP-OES)로 분석하여 Li 성분의 함량을 측정하는 단계; 및상기 H, C 및 S 성분의 측정 결과를 이용해 시료 내 LiOH, Li2CO3 및 Li2SO4의 함량을 각각 산출하고, 상기 Li 성분의 측정 결과를 이용해 시료 내 Li2O의 함량을 산출하는 단계를 포함하고,수학식 1에 따라 Li2O의 함량을 계산하는 단계를 포함하는, 분석방법:[수학식 1]상기 식에서,H1은 ONH 분석기로 분석된 수소 함량(wt%)이고,H2는 칼피셔(Karl Fischer) 방법으로 분석된 수소 함량(wt%)이고,MWLiOH는 LiOH의 중량평균분자량이고,AMH은 수소의 원자질량이다.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 ICP-OES 분석이 양극활물질 시료를 초순수에 용해시킨 용액으로 수행되는 것인, 분석방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 ONH 분석으로 측정된 H 성분의 결과를 이용해 산출된 LiOH의 함량은 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 0.4 중량%인 분석방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 CS 분석으로 측정된 C 성분의 결과를 이용해 산출된 Li2CO3의 함량은 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 1.0 중량%인 분석방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 CS 분석으로 측정된 S 성분의 결과를 이용해 산출된 Li2SO4의 함량은 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 1.3 중량%인 분석방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 ICP-OES 분석으로 측정된 Li 성분의 결과를 이용해 산출된 Li2O의 함량은 양극활물질의 전체 중량을 기준으로 0.2 내지 0.5 중량%인 분석방법.
- 제6항에 있어서, 상기 Li2O의 함량은 ICP-OES 분석으로 측정된 양극활물질 시료 내 전체 잔류 Li 성분에서 LiOH, Li2CO3 및 Li2SO4에 해당되는 Li 함량을 차감하여 산출하는 것인, 분석방법.
- 제1항에 따른 방법으로 분석된 리튬 이차전지용 양극활물질로서, 전체 함량을 기준으로 잔류 LiOH의 함량이 0.1 내지 0.4 중량%, 잔류 Li2CO3의 함량이 0.1 내지 1.0 중량%, 잔류 Li2SO4의 함량이 0.1 내지 1.3 중량%, 및 잔류 Li2O의 함량이 0.2 내지 0.5 중량%인, 양극활물질.
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JP2015018803A (ja) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-29 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | 正極活物質、その製造方法、それを採用した正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
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KR20200143763A (ko) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극재 불순물 및 수용성 코팅물질 분석 방법 |
WO2021025370A1 (ko) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | 주식회사 엘 앤 에프 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 |
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JP2015018803A (ja) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-29 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | 正極活物質、その製造方法、それを採用した正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
KR20170048244A (ko) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-05-08 | 미쓰이금속광업주식회사 | 리튬 금속 복합 산화물 분체 |
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