WO2023087973A1 - 一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5g基站 - Google Patents

一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5g基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087973A1
WO2023087973A1 PCT/CN2022/124377 CN2022124377W WO2023087973A1 WO 2023087973 A1 WO2023087973 A1 WO 2023087973A1 CN 2022124377 W CN2022124377 W CN 2022124377W WO 2023087973 A1 WO2023087973 A1 WO 2023087973A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power amplifier
board
transceiver
groove
transceiver board
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PCT/CN2022/124377
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王富强
卫东
李朋军
宋林东
靖娜坤
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023087973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087973A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02Details
    • H05K5/0217Mechanical details of casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02Details
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2039Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0007Casings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and in particular to a power amplifier structure, an active antenna unit and a 5G base station.
  • the remote radio unit Remote Radio Unit, RRU
  • antenna unit Antenna Unit, AU
  • Active Antenna Unit AAU
  • AAU includes antenna part, power amplifier part and other circuits. Based on the design purpose of reducing the size of the AAU, only the antenna part can be left on the front of the transceiver board, and all other circuits, including the power amplifier part, can be soldered to the back of the transceiver board. However, soldering the power amplifier part to the back of the transceiver board faces difficulties in meeting the design requirements of heat dissipation and radio frequency shielding.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a power amplifier structure, including: a transceiver board, the transceiver board has a front and a back opposite to the front, the back of the transceiver board is connected to a radiator; the radiator is connected to the transceiver board The connected side is provided with an accommodating chamber, and the accommodating chamber has an opening leading to the transceiver board; a first power amplifier board is arranged at a position in the opening on the back side of the transceiver board, and the accommodating chamber is far away from A second power amplifier board is arranged on one side of the transceiver board, and a power amplifier tube is arranged on the second power amplifier board; the first power amplifier board and the second power amplifier board realize signal interconnection through an adapter bracket, and the first power amplifier board An airtight shielding cavity is formed around a power amplifier board, the second power amplifier board and the adapter bracket.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an active antenna unit, including: the above-mentioned power amplifier structure.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a 5G base station, including: the above-mentioned active antenna unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a power amplifier structure provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the part inside the dotted box in Fig. 1;
  • the main purpose of the embodiment of the present application is to propose a power amplifier structure, an active antenna unit and a 5G base station, so that the heat dissipation can be greatly improved when the power amplifier part is arranged on the back of the transceiver board under the premise of meeting the AUU size reduction Effect, and the problem of radio frequency shielding is improved.
  • the power amplifier structure proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes a transceiver board and a heat sink connected to the back of the transceiver board.
  • the power amplifier part includes a first power amplifier board, a second power amplifier board and a power amplifier tube;
  • the second power amplifier board is arranged on the side away from the transceiver board in the accommodation chamber, and the power amplifier tube is arranged on the second power amplifier board, that is, the power amplifier tube, the second power amplifier board and the cooling body are sequentially stacked structures, thereby realizing power amplifier tube and heat dissipation Indirect contact with the body, the heat generated in the work of the power amplifier tube can be exported through the radiator. Because the solid structure of the heat sink is partially hollowed out to provide an accommodation cavity, the weight of the AUU will be correspondingly reduced.
  • the power amplifier part also includes an adapter bracket arranged between the first power amplifier board and the second power amplifier board, and the adapter bracket realizes the connection between the first power amplifier board and the second power amplifier board.
  • the mechanical connection and signal interconnection between the two power amplifier boards; the first power amplifier board, the adapter bracket and the second power amplifier board form a closed shielding cavity, thereby providing a closed electromagnetic environment for the power amplifier part.
  • the AAU it satisfies the need to arrange the power amplifier tube on the back of the transceiver board, and ensures that the welding surface of the power amplifier tube does not need to face the back of the transceiver board, so that it can face the radiator side to meet the heat dissipation requirement. It provides a technical possibility for the AAU to leave only the antenna part on the front of the transceiver board, achieves the purpose of reducing the thickness of the AAU, and also has the effect of reducing the weight of the AUU.
  • the power amplifier part is welded on the front of the transceiver board, and the power amplifier part includes at least a shielding cavity, a printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB), and a power amplifier tube.
  • the shielding cavity realizes the radio frequency shielding requirement of the power amplifier part; the heat generated during the work of the power amplifier tube is guided to the radiator through the welding surface of the power amplifier tube.
  • setting the power amplifier part on the back of the transceiver board faces two important technical bottlenecks: first, in the prior art, when the power amplifier part is located on the front side of the transceiver board, there is only a transceiver board between the welding surface of the power amplifier tube and the radiator.
  • the welding surface of the power amplifier tube is facing the heat sink, indirectly touching the heat sink, which can ensure the heat dissipation requirements of the power amplifier tube; if only the power amplifier tube is turned to the back of the transceiver board, the welding surface of the power amplifier tube is connected to the back of the transceiver board ,, that is, the welding surface of the power amplifier tube only faces the transceiver board, but not towards the heat sink. At this time, the heat generated by the power amplifier tube during operation will not be able to be exported through the heat sink.
  • the power amplifier part needs to be used with a shielding cavity, which can realize the radio frequency isolation of the power amplifier part and other parts; and if the power amplifier part is placed on the back of the transceiver board, it will face the problem that the cavity height of the shielding cavity cannot be guaranteed. , so that good shielding cannot be guaranteed.
  • a shielding cavity which can realize the radio frequency isolation of the power amplifier part and other parts; and if the power amplifier part is placed on the back of the transceiver board, it will face the problem that the cavity height of the shielding cavity cannot be guaranteed. , so that good shielding cannot be guaranteed.
  • the structure that the back of the transceiver board is connected to the heat sink remains unchanged, and by setting an accommodation chamber in the heat dissipation body, the opening of the accommodation chamber communicates with the transceiver board, and the power amplifier part is arranged in the accommodation chamber, thereby realizing the power amplifier Partially set on the back of the transceiver board.
  • the back of the transceiver board is located in the opening and is connected with the first power amplifier board, and the power amplifier tube and peripheral circuits in the power amplifier part are arranged on the second power amplifier board, and the second power amplifier board is arranged on the side away from the transceiver board in the accommodating cavity , that is, still form a structure in which the power amplifier tube, the second power amplifier board and the cooling body are stacked in sequence, so that the power amplifier tube and the cooling body are indirectly connected, thereby meeting the heat dissipation requirements in the work of the power amplifier tube.
  • first power amplifier board and the second power amplifier board are connected together through an adapter bracket to meet the connection requirements between the signal and power supply circuits on the transceiver board and the second power amplifier board; and, the first power amplifier board.
  • the adapter bracket and the second power amplifier board form an airtight shielding cavity, thereby satisfying good shielding of the power amplifier part.
  • An embodiment of the present application relates to a power amplifier structure, which is applied to the AUU.
  • the application scenarios of the embodiment of the present application may include, but are not limited to, scenarios where there are 5G base station products in China or abroad.
  • transceiver board 100 transceiver board 100 has a front and a back side opposite to the front, the back side 110 of transceiver board is connected with radiator 200; radiator 200 links to each other with transceiver board 100
  • a receiving chamber 210 is provided on one side of the receiving chamber, and the receiving chamber 210 has an opening leading to the transceiver board 100;
  • One side is provided with the second power amplifier board 400, and the second power amplifier board 400 is provided with the power amplifier tube 500;
  • An airtight shielding cavity 700 is formed between the second power amplifier board 400 and the adapter bracket 600 .
  • the transceiver board 100 including the transceiver board 100, and the radiator 200 connected to the back side 110 of the transceiver board, by setting the accommodation cavity 210 in the radiator 200, and setting the power amplifier part in the accommodation cavity 210, to further reduce AUU Purpose of thickness dimension.
  • the power amplifier part includes the first power amplifier board 300, the second power amplifier board 400 and the power amplifier tube 500; the first power amplifier board 300 is arranged on the back side 110 of the transceiver board and is located at At the opening of the accommodation cavity 210, the second power amplifier board 400 is disposed on the side of the accommodation chamber 210 away from the transceiver board 100, and the power amplifier tube 500 is disposed on the second power amplifier board 400, that is, the power amplifier tube 500, the second power amplifier board 400 and the
  • the cooling body 200 is a structure stacked one on top of the other in order to achieve indirect contact with the cooling body 200 , and the heat generated by the power amplifier tube 500 in operation is exported through the cooling body 200 .
  • the power amplifier part also includes an adapter bracket 600 arranged between the first power amplifier board 300 and the second power amplifier board 400, and the adapter bracket 600 realizes The mechanical connection and signal interconnection between the first power amplifier board 300 and the second power amplifier board 400; the first power amplifier board 300, the adapter bracket 600 and the second power amplifier board 400 surround and form an airtight shielding cavity 700, thus the power amplifier Parts provide a closed electromagnetic environment.
  • the new power amplifier structure provided by the embodiment of the present application solves the problem of heat dissipation and radio frequency shielding after the power amplifier part is arranged on the back side 110 of the transceiver board.
  • the flip chip welding of the power amplifier part ( Mount under the board) provides a technical possibility for the AAU to leave only the antenna part on the front of the transceiver board 100, achieving the effect of reducing the thickness and weight of the AAU.
  • the accommodation cavity 210 includes The board 100 is far away from the first groove 211 and the second groove 212 of the transceiver board 100, the second groove 212 is opened at the bottom of the first groove 211, and the first groove 211 and the second groove 212 are connected;
  • a groove 211 is used to accommodate the first power amplifier board 300, and a second groove 212 is used to accommodate the second power amplifier board 400, the power amplifier tube 500 and the adapter bracket 600;
  • the projection size of the first groove 211 on the transceiver board 100 is larger than The projected size of the second groove 212 on the transceiver board 100 .
  • the installation requirements of the first power amplifier board 300 and the second power amplifier board 400 are respectively met. It can be understood that, in this case, the cross-sectional size of the shielding cavity 700 surrounded by the adapter bracket 600 is smaller than or equal to the plane size of the second power amplifier board 400 .
  • the side of the second power amplifier board 400 away from the transceiver board 100 is completely attached to the inner wall of the receiving cavity 210 .
  • the second power amplifier board 400 is completely attached to the bottom wall of the receiving cavity 210 , thereby increasing the indirect contact area with the radiator 200 as much as possible, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.
  • the cavity height of the shielding cavity 700 formed between the first power amplifier board 300 , the adapter bracket 600 and the second power amplifier board 400 can be increased as much as possible, thereby enhancing the radio frequency shielding effect.
  • the first power amplifier board 300 , the second power amplifier board 400 and the adapter bracket 600 surround and form a sealed shielding cavity 700 , some other circuits requiring shielding can also be laid out in the shielding cavity 700 .
  • the adapter bracket 600 is in the shape of a frame, supporting the first power amplifier board 300 and the second power amplifier board 400 while enclosing a rectangular shielding cavity 700 to form a closed electromagnetic environment.
  • the adapter bracket 600 may also be in a ring shape, which is not specifically limited.
  • the height of the adapter bracket 600 is adjustable, that is, the height of the cavity of the shielding cavity 700 is adjustable.
  • the frame-shaped adapter bracket 600 includes at least three adapter boards that are attached to the inner wall of the second groove 212 and surround the second power amplifier board 400 and are connected in sequence.
  • the number of adapter plates is three, the three adapter plates are connected successively to form a triangular frame shape.
  • the frame-shaped adapter bracket 600 includes four adapter boards, the four adapter boards are successively connected to form a quadrilateral frame shape, which can be connected with the first power amplifier board 300 and the second power amplifier board. 400 forms a rectangular shielding chamber.
  • the power amplifier tube 500 includes a welding surface 510 located on one side of the shell of the power amplifier tube 500 , and the power amplifier tube 500 is welded to the second power amplifier board 400 through the welding surface 510 .
  • the welding surface 510 is not only the connection surface between the power amplifier tube 500 and the second power amplifier board 400 , but also the heat dissipation surface of the power amplifier tube 500 .
  • the power amplifier tube 500 is a radio frequency power amplifier tube 500 that needs to dissipate heat, and is generally a final stage power amplifier tube 500 .
  • the power amplifier tube 500 realizes multi-channel independent transmission and reception, and has high channel isolation requirements, and has high heat consumption during operation, and has strong heat dissipation requirements.
  • the back side 110 of the transceiver board is also provided with a digital device 800, which is other parts except the antenna part and the power amplifier part, and the side connected to the transceiver board 100 on the radiator 200 is also provided with a set for avoiding The escape groove 220 of the digital device 800 , the digital device 800 at least partially extends into the avoidance groove 220 .
  • the first power amplifier board 300 is provided with a power control module for power amplifier, an isolation module and a filter module, wherein the isolation module may be a circulator, and the filter module may be a pico-farad capacitor.
  • the material of the first power amplifier board 300 is an integrated mixed pressure board.
  • a circuit connected to the power amplifier tube 500 is also arranged on the second power amplifier board 400 , and the material of the first power amplifier board 300 is a printed circuit board.
  • the material of the adapter bracket 600 is a multi-layer circuit board, specifically, a multi-layer PCB board formed by stacking dielectric and metal.
  • the heat sink 200 is made of metal.
  • the heat sink 200 is made of aluminum. More preferably, heat dissipation teeth are distributed on the surface of the heat dissipation body 200, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area of the heat dissipation body 200 and improving the heat dissipation environment of the power amplifier part during operation.
  • the active antenna unit of this embodiment includes the above-mentioned power amplifier structure.
  • the front side 120 of the transceiver board is provided with an antenna element, and the accommodating cavity 210 is arranged on the radiator 200 at a position close to the antenna element.
  • the AUU includes more than one group of antenna elements, and each group of antenna elements is equipped with a corresponding power amplifier part. Setting the power amplifier part close to the corresponding antenna element can make the overall structure of the AUU more compact and reasonable. .
  • Another embodiment of the present application relates to a 5G base station, including the above-mentioned active antenna unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及无线通信技术领域,公开了一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5G基站。功放结构包括:收发板(100),收发板(100)具有正面(120)和与正面(120)相对的背面(110),收发板(100)的背面(110)连接有散热体(200);散热体(200)上与收发板(100)相连的一侧开设有容纳腔,容纳腔具有通向收发板(100)的开口;收发板(100)的背面(110)位于开口内的位置处设置有第一功放板,容纳腔内远离于收发板(100)的一侧设置有第二功放板(400),第二功放板(400)上设置有功放管(500);第一功放板和第二功放板(400)通过转接支架(600)实现信号互联,第一功放板、第二功放板(400)和转接支架(600)之间围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔(700)。

Description

一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5G基站
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为“202111357263.4”、申请日为2021年11月16日的中国专利申请提出,并要求该中国专利申请的优先权,该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及无线通信技术领域,特别涉及一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5G基站。
背景技术
随着第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology,5G)商用的展开,从架构上是将第四代移动通信技术(4th Generation Mobile Communication Technology,4G)中的远端射频单元(Remote Radio Unit,RRU)和天线单元(Antenna Unit,AU)融合在一起的有源天线单元(Active Antenna Unit,AAU)则成了5G基站的主要设备。
AAU包括天线部分、功放部分以及其他电路。基于减小AAU的尺寸的设计目的,可以只留天线部分在收发板的正面,而将其他电路包括功放部分全部焊接在收发板的背面。然而,将功放部分焊接在收发板的背面却又面临着无法满足散热和射频屏蔽两方面设计要求的困难。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种功放结构,包括:收发板,所述收发板具有正面和与正面相对的背面,所述收发板的背面连接有散热体;所述散热体上与所述收发板相连的一侧开设有容纳腔,所述容纳腔具有通向所述收发板的开口;所述收发板的背面位于所述开口内的位置处设置有第一功放板,所述容纳腔内远离于所述收发板的一侧设置有第二功放板,所述第二功放板上设置有功放管;所述第一功放板和第二功放板通过转接支架实现信号互联,且所述第一功放板、所述第二功放板和所述转接支架之间围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔。
本申请实施例还提供一种有源天线单元,包括:上述的功放结构。
本申请实施例还提供了一种5G基站,包括:上述的有源天线单元。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明,这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定,附图中具有相同参考数字标识的元件表示为类似的元件,除非有特别的申明,附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是根据本申请一个实施例提供的功放结构的结构示意图;
图2为图1中虚线框内部分的局部放大图;
图中,100-收发板、110-收发板的背面、120-收发板的正面;200-散热体、210-容纳腔、211-第一凹槽、212-第二凹槽、220-避让槽;300-第一功放板;400-第二功放板;500-功放管、510-焊接面;600-转接支架;700-屏蔽腔;800-数字器件。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例的主要目的在于提出一种功放结构、有源天线单元和5G基站,使得在满足AUU尺寸减小的前提下,将功放部分设置在收发板的背面时,较大程度的提高散热效果,并使射频屏蔽的问题得到改善。
本申请实施例提出的功放结构,包括收发板,以及连接在收发板的背面的散热体,通过在散热体内设置容纳腔,并将功放部分设置在容纳腔中,以实现进一步降低AUU厚度尺寸的目的。为了解决设置在收发板的背面的功放管散热问题,功放部分包括的第一功放板、第二功放板和功放管;第一功放板设置在收发板的背面且位于容纳腔的开口处,第二功放板设置在容纳腔内远离于收发板的一侧,功放管设置在第二功放板上,即功放管、第二功放板与散热体为依次相叠的结构,进而实现功放管与散热体的间接接触,功放管工作中产生的热量能够通过散热体导出。因为散热体的实体结构被部分挖空而设置了容纳腔,所以也会相应的降低AUU的重量。并且,为了解决设置在收发板的背面的功放管射频屏蔽问题,该功放部分还包括设置在第一功放板和第二功放板之间的转接支架,转接支架实现第一功放板与第二功放板之间的机械连接和信号互联;第一功放板、转接支架和第二功放板三者围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔,由此为功放部分提供封闭的电磁环境。本申请实施例提供的新型的功放结构,解决了将功放部分设置在收发板的背面后的散热和射频屏蔽问题,在不改变当前器件设计的基础上,通过对功放管进行倒装设置,既满足了将功放管设置在收发板背面,又保证了功放管的焊接面不需要朝向收发板的背面、从而可以朝向散热体一侧而满足散热需求。为AAU仅留天线部分在收发板正面的设置方式提供了技术上的可能,达到了降低AAU的厚度尺寸的目的,还额外具有降低AUU重量的效果。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施例进行详细的阐述。然而,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,在本申请各实施例中,为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是,即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施例的种种变化和修改,也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。以下各个实施例的划分是为了描述方便,不应对本申请的具体实现方式构成任何限定,各个实施例在不矛盾的前提下可以相互结合相互引用。
在传统的AAU中,功放部分焊接在收发板的正面,功放部分至少包括一个屏蔽腔,一个印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB),及功放管。其中,屏蔽腔实现功放部分的射频屏蔽需要;功放管工作中产生的热量是通过功放管的焊接面导到散热体上。
申请人发现,为了有效减少AAU的厚度尺寸,需要仅留天线部分在收发板的正面,将包括功放部分的其他电路全部设置在收发板的背面。而将功放部分设置在收发板的背面面临两个重要的技术瓶颈:其一,现有技术中在功放部分位于收发板的正面时,功放管的焊接面与散热体之间仅隔有收发板,功放管的焊接面朝向散热体,间接地接触到了散热体,能够保证功放管的散热需要;如果仅将功放管转至收发板的背面,则功放管的焊接面与收发板的背 面相连接,,即功放管的焊接面仅朝向收发板,而没有朝向散热体,此时功放管工作中产生的热量将无法通过散热体导出。其二,功放部分需要配合一个屏蔽腔使用,屏蔽腔能实现功放部分与其它部分射频隔离;而将功放部分转设置至在收发板的背面,则面临无法保证屏蔽腔的腔体高度的问题出现,进而无法保证良好的屏蔽性。需要一种技术能同时解决上述两个问题,将单面布局转化为可行的技术方案。
经发明人研究,保持收发板的背面与散热体相连的结构不变,通过在散热体内设置容纳腔,容纳腔的开口与收发板相通,并将功放部分设置在容纳腔中,进而实现将功放部分设置在收发板的背面。其中,收发板的背后位于开口内连接有第一功放板,将功放部分中的功放管及周边电路设置在第二功放板上,第二功放板设置在容纳腔内远离于收发板的一侧,即仍然形成功放管、第二功放板和散热体依次相叠的结构,使功放管与散热体间接连接,由此满足功放管工作中的散热需求。另外,通过一个转接支架将第一功放板和第二功放板连接在一起,以满足收发板上的信号和供电等电路与第二功放板之间的连接需求;并且,第一功放板。转接支架和第二功放板三者形成密闭的屏蔽腔,由此满足功放部分的良好屏蔽。通过上述设置,克服了现有技术中将功放部分转设置在收发板的背面而出现的两个问题,最终实现进一步降低AUU厚度尺寸的目的,同时还达到了降低AUU重量的效果。
本申请的一个实施例涉及一种功放结构,应用于AUU,本申请的实施例的应用场景可以包括但不限于国内或者国外有5G基站产品的场景。
本实施例的具体结构如图1所示,包括:收发板100,收发板100具有正面和与正面相对的背面,收发板的背面110连接有散热体200;散热体200上与收发板100相连的一侧开设有容纳腔210,容纳腔210具有通向收发板100的开口;收发板的背面110位于开口内的位置处设置有第一功放板300,容纳腔210内远离于收发板100的一侧设置有第二功放板400,第二功放板400上设置有功放管500;第一功放板300和第二功放板400通过转接支架600实现信号互联,且第一功放板300、第二功放板400和转接支架600之间围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔700。
本实施例中,包括收发板100,以及连接在收发板的背面110的散热体200,通过在散热体200内设置容纳腔210,并将功放部分设置在容纳腔210中,以实现进一步降低AUU厚度尺寸的目的。为了解决设置在收发板的背面110的功放管500散热问题,功放部分包括的第一功放板300、第二功放板400和功放管500;第一功放板300设置在收发板的背面110且位于容纳腔210的开口处,第二功放板400设置在容纳腔210内远离于收发板100的一侧,功放管500设置在第二功放板400上,即功放管500、第二功放板400与散热体200为依次相叠的结构,进而实现与散热体200间接接触,功放管500工作中产生的热量通过散热体200导出。因为散热体200上设置了容纳腔210,所以也会相应的降低AUU的重量。并且,为了解决设置在收发板的背面110的功放管500射频屏蔽问题,该功放部分还包括设置在第一功放板300和第二功放板400之间的转接支架600,转接支架600实现第一功放板300与第二功放板400之间的机械连接和信号互联;第一功放板300、转接支架600和第二功放板400三者围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔700,由此为功放部分提供封闭的电磁环境。本申请实施例提供的新型的功放结构,解决了将功放部分设置在收发板的背面110后的散热和射频屏蔽问题,在不改变当前器件设计的基础上,通过对功放部分的倒装焊接(Mount under the board),为AAU仅留天线部分在收发板100正面的设置方式提供了技术上的可能,达到了降低AAU的 厚度尺寸和重量的效果。
下面对本实施例的功放结构的实现细节进行具体的说明,以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节,并非实施本方案的必须。
在一个例子中,考虑到第一功放板300上设置的辅助器件较多,其平面尺寸大于第二功放板400的平面,为了尽可能缩小容纳腔210的尺寸,容纳腔210包括自靠近于收发板100至远离于收发板100的第一凹槽211和第二凹槽212,第二凹槽212开设在第一凹槽211底部,第一凹槽211和第二凹槽212相连通;第一凹槽211用于容纳第一功放板300,第二凹槽212用于容纳第二功放板400、功放管500和转接支架600;第一凹槽211在收发板100上的投影尺寸大于第二凹槽212在收发板100上的投影尺寸。由此分别满足第一功放板300和第二功放板400的设置需求。可以理解的是,在这种情况下的转接支架600所围成的屏蔽腔700的横截面尺寸小于等于第二功放板400的平面尺寸。
在一个例子中,第二功放板400远离于收发板100的一侧侧面与容纳腔210的内壁完全贴合。如图1所示,即第二功放板400与容纳腔210的底壁完全贴合,进而尽可能地增加与散热体200之间间接接触的面积,由此提高散热效果。并且,还能够尽可能地增加第一功放板300、转接支架600和第二功放板400之间形成的屏蔽腔700的腔体高度,由此增强射频屏蔽效果。
另外,因为第一功放板300、第二功放板400和转接支架600之间围绕形成了密闭的屏蔽腔700,在该屏蔽腔700内还可以布局一些其他有屏蔽需求的电路。
在一个例子中,转接支架600呈框状,对第一功放板300和第二功放板400之间起到支撑作用的同时围成一个矩形的屏蔽腔700,形成具有封闭性的电磁环境。在其他实施方式中,转接支架600也可以呈环状,对此不作具体的限制。并且,根据实际需求,转接支架600的高度可调,即屏蔽腔700的腔体高度可调。
具体的,呈框状的转接支架600包括贴合第二凹槽212的内壁并环绕第二功放板400依次相连的至少三个转接板。当转接板的数量为三个时,三个转接板依次相连围成三角形的框状。可以理解的是,在呈框状的转接支架600包括四个转接板的情况下,四个转接板依次相连围成四边形的框状,可以与第一功放板300、第二功放板400围成矩形的屏蔽腔。
另外,功放管500包括位于功放管500的壳体一侧表面的焊接面510,功放管500通过所述焊接面510焊接在第二功放板400上。焊接面510既为功放管500与第二功放板400之间的连接面,也为功放管500的散热面。通过增加焊接面510的尺寸,相当于在增加功放管500的散热面尺寸,由此达到提高散热效果的目的。
其中,该功放管500为需要散热的射频功放管500,一般为末级功放管500。功放管500实现多通道的独立发射和接收,有较高的通道隔离度要求,且在工作时热耗较高,有较强的散热需求。
在一个例子中,收发板的背面110还设置有数字器件800,该数字器件即为除了天线部分、功放部分以外的其他部分,散热体200上与收发板100相连的一侧还开设有用于避让数字器件800的避让槽220,数字器件800至少部分伸入避让槽220内。
可以理解的是,避让槽220与容纳腔210之间保持一定间距,在降低散热体200加工难度的同时,避免器件之间产生相互影响。
在一个例子中,第一功放板300上设置有用于功放的电源控制模块、隔离模块以及滤波 模块,其中,隔离模块可以是环形器,滤波模块可以是皮法极电容。第一功放板300的材质为一体化混压板。第二功放板400上还设置有与功放管500相连的电路,第一功放板300的材质为印制电路板。转接支架600的材质为多层电路板,具体的,可以为介质与金属相叠形成的多层PCB板。
在一个例子中,散热体200的材质为金属。优选的,散热体200的材质为铝。更优选的,散热体200的表面分布有散热齿,由此增大了散热体200的散热面积,改善了功放部分工作时的散热环境。
需要说明的是,本实施方式中的上述各示例均为方便理解进行的举例说明,并不对本申请的技术方案构成限定。
本申请的另一个实施例涉及一种有源天线单元,下面对本实施例的有源天线单元的细节进行具体的说明,以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节,并非实施本例的必须。本实施例的有源天线单元包括如上述的功放结构。收发板的正面120设置有天线阵子,容纳腔210设置在散热体200上靠近于天线阵子的位置处。基于多通道需求,AUU包括不止一组天线阵子,相应的每组天线阵子配备有对应的功放部分,将功放部分设置在临近于对应的天线阵子的位置处,可以使AUU整体结构更为紧凑合理。
本申请另一个实施例涉及一种5G基站,包括如上述的有源天线单元。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解,上述各实施方式是实现本申请的具体实施例,而在实际应用中,可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变,而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种功放结构,包括:收发板,所述收发板具有正面和与正面相对的背面,所述收发板的背面连接有散热体;
    所述散热体上与所述收发板相连的一侧开设有容纳腔,所述容纳腔具有通向所述收发板的开口;
    所述收发板的背面位于所述开口内的位置处设置有第一功放板,所述容纳腔内远离于所述收发板的一侧设置有第二功放板,所述第二功放板上设置有功放管;
    所述第一功放板和第二功放板通过转接支架实现信号互联,且所述第一功放板、所述第二功放板和所述转接支架之间围绕形成密闭的屏蔽腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功放结构,其中,所述容纳腔包括自靠近于所述收发板至远离于所述收发板依次设置的第一凹槽和第二凹槽,所述第二凹槽开设在所述第一凹槽底部,所述第一凹槽和所述第二凹槽相连通;
    所述第一凹槽用于容纳所述第一功放板,所述第二凹槽用于容纳所述第二功放板、功放管和转接支架;
    所述第一凹槽在所述收发板上的投影尺寸大于所述第二凹槽在所述收发板上的投影尺寸。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的功放结构,其中,所述第二功放板远离于所述收发板的一侧侧面与所述容纳腔的内壁完全贴合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的功放结构,其中,所述收发板的背面还设置有数字器件,所述散热体上与所述收发板相连的一侧还开设有用于避让所述数字器件的避让槽,所述数字器件至少部分伸入所述避让槽内。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的功放结构,其特征在于,所述转接支架呈框状。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的功放结构,其特征在于,呈框状的所述转接支架包括贴合所述第二凹槽的内壁并环绕所述第二功放板依次相连的至少三个转接板。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的功放结构,其特征在于,所述第一功放板上设置有用于功放的电源控制模块、隔离模块以及滤波模块,所述第一功放板的材质为一体化混压板;
    所述第二功放板上还设置有与所述功放管相连的电路,所述第一功放板的材质为印制电路板;
    所述转接支架的材质为多层电路板。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的功放结构,其特征在于,所述散热体的材质为金属。
  9. 一种有源天线单元,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的功放结构,所述收发板的正面设置有天线阵子,所述容纳腔设置在所述散热体上靠近于所述天线阵子的位置处。
  10. 一种5G基站,其特征在于,包括如权利要求9所述的有源天线单元。
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