WO2023077312A1 - 电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077312A1
WO2023077312A1 PCT/CN2021/128461 CN2021128461W WO2023077312A1 WO 2023077312 A1 WO2023077312 A1 WO 2023077312A1 CN 2021128461 W CN2021128461 W CN 2021128461W WO 2023077312 A1 WO2023077312 A1 WO 2023077312A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery cell
along
electrode terminal
battery
cell according
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PCT/CN2021/128461
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
金海族
牛少军
李星
刘晓梅
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180075842.1A priority Critical patent/CN116457987A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/128461 priority patent/WO2023077312A1/zh
Priority to EP21962830.2A priority patent/EP4354598A1/en
Publication of WO2023077312A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077312A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery cell, a manufacturing method and system thereof, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • Battery cells are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • the battery cells may include nickel-cadmium battery cells, nickel-hydrogen battery cells, lithium-ion battery cells, secondary alkaline zinc-manganese battery cells, and the like.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, a manufacturing method and a manufacturing system thereof, a battery and an electrical device, which can increase energy density.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including an electrode assembly, a case, and a first electrode terminal.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly.
  • the outer surface of the casing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface.
  • the outer surface surrounds the electrode assembly, and the first surface intersects the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal protrudes from the first surface and is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction, so that the first electrode terminal and the housing share a part of the space in the first direction, thereby avoiding the second
  • An electrode terminal additionally increases the size of the battery cell in the first direction, increases the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cell in the battery, and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • the first electrode terminal in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, does not protrude from the outer surface.
  • the first electrode terminal in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, does not increase the size of the battery cells, thereby increasing the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cells in the battery and increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the outer surface includes two second surfaces oppositely arranged along the second direction, a third surface and a fourth surface oppositely arranged along the third direction, each second surface connects the third surface and the fourth surface,
  • the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first surface is connected to the end of the third surface along the first direction and is inclined toward the fourth surface relative to the third surface, and the first surface connects the two second surfaces.
  • the first surface is inclined toward the fourth surface relative to the third surface, so that the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the included angle between the first surface and the third surface is ⁇ , 90° ⁇ 180°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the first surface and the third surface is an obtuse angle, so that the first surface can have a certain size in the first direction and provide installation space for the first electrode terminal.
  • 120° ⁇ 150° In some embodiments, 120° ⁇ 150°.
  • the value of ⁇ is set to 120°-150°, which can balance the capacity of the battery cell and the overcurrent capability of the first electrode terminal as much as possible, so as to improve the performance of the battery cell.
  • the dimension of the first surface along the fourth direction is L
  • the dimension of the first electrode terminal along the fourth direction is W
  • the fourth direction is parallel to the first surface and perpendicular to the second direction.
  • the dimension of the first electrode terminal protruding from the first surface along the fifth direction is H
  • the fifth direction is perpendicular to the first surface.
  • L, W, H and ⁇ satisfy: W ⁇ L-H/(cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ).
  • L, W, H and ⁇ satisfy W ⁇ L-H/(cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ), so that the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the second surface is the largest surface of the housing.
  • the first surface connects the third surface and the fourth surface.
  • the above solution can increase the size of the first surface along the fourth direction, reserve more space for the first electrode terminal in the fourth direction, and improve the flow-through capacity of the first electrode terminal.
  • the outer surface of the housing further includes a fifth surface, the fifth surface is perpendicular to the first direction and connects the two second surfaces, and the fifth surface is connected to an end of the first surface away from the third surface.
  • the fifth surface is located at the outermost end of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • the first surface is connected to the third surface and the fifth surface, and the first surface is inclined relative to the third surface and the fifth surface, so that the shell forms a gap on the outside of the first surface, and the gap is the first electrode
  • the terminal reserves an installation space, so that the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the outer surface of the housing further includes a sixth surface connecting the two second surfaces.
  • the battery cell also includes a second electrode terminal, the second electrode terminal protrudes from the sixth surface and is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the second electrode terminal does not protrude from the sixth surface along the first direction in the first direction. outermost.
  • the second electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the sixth surface along the first direction in the first direction, so that the second electrode terminal and the housing share a part of the space in the first direction, thereby avoiding the second electrode terminal.
  • the two-electrode terminal additionally increases the size of the battery cell in the first direction, increases the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cell in the battery, and improves the energy density of the battery.
  • the first surface and the sixth surface are respectively connected to two ends of the third surface along the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are respectively located on both sides of the third surface along the first direction.
  • the first surface is connected to one end of the third surface along the first direction and one end of the fourth surface along the first direction
  • the sixth surface is connected to the other end of the third surface along the first direction and the fourth surface the other end along the first direction.
  • the above solution can increase the size of the sixth surface, reserve more space for the second electrode terminal, and improve the flow capacity of the second electrode terminal.
  • the first surface is parallel to the sixth surface.
  • the outer surface of the casing further includes a fifth surface and a seventh surface, and the fifth surface and the seventh surface are respectively located at two ends of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • Two ends of the fifth surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the fifth surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the first surface and the fourth surface.
  • Two ends of the seventh surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the seventh surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the sixth surface and the fourth surface.
  • the sixth surface connects the third surface and the seventh surface, and the sixth surface is inclined relative to the third surface and the seventh surface, so that the housing forms a gap outside the sixth surface, and the gap is the second electrode
  • the terminal reserves an installation space, so that the second electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the sixth surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the battery cells are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • adjacent battery cells when the battery cells are arranged along the second direction, adjacent battery cells can be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • one battery cell among two adjacent battery cells, one battery cell can be rotated by 180° based on the plane of symmetry, so that the first electrode terminal of one battery cell can be connected to the second electrode terminal of the other battery cell. are opposite along the second direction, so that the confluence component connects adjacent battery cells in series.
  • the outer surface of the casing further includes a fifth surface and a seventh surface, and the fifth surface and the seventh surface are respectively located at two ends of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • Two ends of the fifth surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the fifth surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the first surface and the fourth surface.
  • Two ends of the seventh surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the seventh surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the sixth surface and the third surface.
  • the sixth surface is connected to the fourth surface and is inclined toward the third surface.
  • two notches are formed at the opposite corners of the casing to provide installation space for the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal.
  • the sixth surface is connected to an end of the fourth surface close to the first surface along the first direction, and the sixth surface is inclined relative to the fourth surface along a direction facing the first surface.
  • the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are installed at the same end of the battery cell, so that when a plurality of battery cells are assembled into a group, it helps to simplify the communication between the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal Connection of parts.
  • the battery cells are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the third direction.
  • adjacent battery cells when the battery cells are arranged along the second direction, adjacent battery cells can be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • one battery cell among two adjacent battery cells, one battery cell can be rotated by 180° based on the plane of symmetry, so that the first electrode terminal of one battery cell can be connected to the second electrode terminal of the other battery cell. are opposite along the second direction, so that the confluence component connects adjacent battery cells in series.
  • the outer surface of the casing further includes a fifth surface and a seventh surface, and the fifth surface and the seventh surface are respectively located at two ends of the battery cell along the first direction.
  • Two ends of the fifth surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the fifth surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the first surface and the sixth surface.
  • Two ends of the seventh surface along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces, and two ends of the seventh surface along the third direction are respectively connected to the third surface and the fourth surface.
  • the electrode assembly includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets, and the plurality of positive electrode sheets and the plurality of negative electrode sheets are alternately stacked along the second direction.
  • both the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece are sheet-like structures, and their shapes can be adaptively adjusted according to the shape of the casing, so that the electrode assembly can make full use of the inner space of the casing and increase the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the maximum dimension of the battery cell along the first direction is 200mm-2000mm.
  • the battery cells can have a larger size in the first direction, so as to reduce the number of battery cells in the battery, reduce the use of fixing structures for fixing the battery cells, improve space utilization, and increase Energy density of large batteries.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, including a plurality of battery cells in any embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery cell in any embodiment of the first aspect, and the battery cell is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, including:
  • the outer surface of the housing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface, the first surface intersects the first direction, and the first electrode terminal protrudes from the first surface , and the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction;
  • the outer surface is arranged around the electrode assembly.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing system, including:
  • the second providing device is used to provide the casing and the first electrode terminal, the outer surface of the casing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface, the first surface intersects the first direction, and the first electrode The terminal protrudes from the first surface, and the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction;
  • An assembly device used for installing the electrode assembly in the casing, and electrically connecting the first electrode terminal with the electrode assembly;
  • the outer surface is arranged around the electrode assembly.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 along the direction A-A;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 at the circle B;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • parallel not only includes the situation of being absolutely parallel, but also includes the situation of roughly parallel in engineering conventional recognition; at the same time, “perpendicular” also includes not only the situation of being absolutely perpendicular, but also the situation of conventional engineering. Cognitive roughly vertical situations.
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may be a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode unit and an electrolyte, and the electrode unit includes a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector; the positive electrode current collector includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode tab, and the positive electrode current collector is coated with a positive electrode active material layer , the positive electrode tab is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, the positive electrode active material layer includes the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector; the negative electrode current collector includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab, and the negative electrode current collector is coated with a negative electrode active material layer , the negative electrode tab is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, the negative electrode active material layer includes the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the spacer can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the battery cell also includes a casing and an electrode terminal.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the casing.
  • the electrode terminal is installed in the casing and electrically connected with the electrode assembly to lead out the electric energy of the electrode assembly.
  • the battery includes a box body and a plurality of battery cells accommodated in the box body, and the plurality of battery cells are connected in series, parallel or in combination through a converging component.
  • the electrode terminals protrude from the casing to facilitate connection with external bus components.
  • the electrode terminals are usually installed on the end face of the casing, which will increase the size of the battery cell and the space occupied by the battery cell in the box, reduce the space utilization rate inside the battery, and result in a low energy density of the battery .
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, in which the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, a casing and a first electrode terminal.
  • the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly.
  • the outer surface of the casing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface.
  • the outer surface surrounds the electrode assembly, and the first surface intersects the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal protrudes from the first surface and is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly, and the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction.
  • the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction, so that the first electrode terminal does not occupy additional space in the first direction, thereby Reduce the size of the battery cell, increase the space utilization rate inside the battery, and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • Electric devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, and so on.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.;
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose special limitations on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be arranged at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 3 and a motor 4 , the controller 3 is used to control the battery 2 to supply power to the motor 4 , for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1 during driving.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 instead of or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic explosion diagram of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a case body 5 and a battery cell 6 , and the battery cell 6 is accommodated in the case body 5 .
  • the box body 5 is used to accommodate the battery cells 6, and the box body 5 may have various structures.
  • the box body 5 may include a first box body part 5a and a second box body part 5b, the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b cover each other, the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5a
  • the two box parts 5b jointly define a receiving space 5c for receiving the battery cells 6 .
  • the second box body part 5b can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first box body part 5a is a plate-shaped structure, and the first box body part 5a covers the opening side of the second box body part 5b to form an accommodating space 5c
  • the box body 5; the first box body portion 5a and the second box body portion 5b also can be a hollow structure with one side opening, and the opening side of the first box body portion 5a is covered on the opening side of the second box body portion 5b , to form a box body 5 with an accommodating space 5c.
  • the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, and the like.
  • a sealant such as sealant, sealing ring, etc., can also be provided between the first box body part 5a and the second box body part 5b. .
  • the first box part 5a covers the top of the second box part 5b
  • the first box part 5a can also be called an upper box cover
  • the second box part 5b can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 there may be one battery cell 6, or there may be a plurality of them. If there are multiple battery cells 6 , the multiple battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 6 are both in series and in parallel.
  • a plurality of battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of a plurality of battery cells 6 is contained in the box body 5; of course, a plurality of battery cells 6 can also be connected in series first Or parallel or mixed connection to form a battery module, multiple battery modules are then connected in series or parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 5 .
  • the battery unit 6 is directly mounted on the case 5 as a whole. This can save the process of combining multiple battery cells 6 into a battery module, and save the fixing frame for fixing the battery cells 6 in the battery module, which can simplify the structure of the battery and increase the energy density of the battery.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 3
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the battery cell shown in Fig. 4 along the direction A-A Schematic diagram
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the battery cell shown in FIG. 4 at the circle B.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 6 , which includes an electrode assembly 10 , a casing 20 and a first electrode terminal 30 .
  • the shell 20 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 10.
  • the outer surface of the shell 20 includes an outer surface 21 parallel to the first direction X and a first surface 22 connected to the outer surface 21.
  • the outer surface 21 is arranged around the electrode assembly 10.
  • the first surface 22 Intersects with the first direction X.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 protrudes from the first surface 22 and is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 10, and the first electrode terminal 30 does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface 22 along the first direction X in the first direction X .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is the core component for the battery cell 6 to realize the charging and discharging function, and it includes a positive pole piece 11, a negative pole piece 12 and a separator 13.
  • the polarity of the positive pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 12 are opposite, and the separator 13 is used It is used to insulate and isolate the positive pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 12 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 12 to work.
  • the multiple electrode assemblies 10 may be stacked, and the stacking direction of the multiple electrode assemblies 10 may be perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • the casing 20 is a hollow structure, and an accommodating cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 and electrolyte is formed inside.
  • the housing 20 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, cuboid and so on.
  • the shape of the casing 20 may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the outer surface 21 is an annular surface surrounding the outer side of the electrode assembly 10 , and is parallel to the first direction X as a whole.
  • the first surface 22 is connected to the end of the outer surface 21 along the first direction X and intersects with the first direction X. As shown in FIG. Exemplarily, the first surface 22 may be a plane, and the angle between the first surface 22 and the first direction X is greater than 0° and less than 90°.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 10 to lead out the electric energy of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the first electrode terminal 30 is electrically connected to one of the positive pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 12 .
  • the first electrode terminal 30 may be directly connected to the positive pole piece 11 , or may be electrically connected to the positive pole piece 11 through other conductive structures.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 protrudes from the first surface 22 to facilitate connection with an external bus component.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 can be protruded from the first surface 22 as a whole, or only partially protruded from the first surface 22 .
  • a part of the first electrode terminal 30 may pass through the shell 20 and extend into the shell 20 to realize the electrical connection between the first electrode terminal 30 and the positive pole piece 11 .
  • the battery cell 6 can be sandwiched by two virtual planes perpendicular to the first direction X, and the maximum dimension of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X is the distance between the two virtual planes. These two imaginary planes are introduced for the convenience of understanding the maximum size of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X, and do not actually exist in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Two imaginary planes are respectively defined as a first imaginary plane and a second imaginary plane, and the first imaginary plane sandwiches the battery cell 6 from the side close to the first electrode terminal 30 .
  • the outermost end of the first surface 22 along the first direction X is the end of the first surface 22 closest to the first virtual plane along the first direction X.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface 22 along the first direction X in the first direction X, so that the first electrode terminal 30 and the casing 20 are in the first direction X share a part of the space above, so as to prevent the first electrode terminal 30 from increasing the size of the battery cell 6 in the first direction X, increase the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cell 6 in the battery, and improve the energy density of the battery.
  • the largest dimension D of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X is 200mm-2000mm.
  • the value of D may be 200mm, 400mm, 500mm, 1000mm, 1200mm, 1500mm or 2000mm.
  • D satisfies: 400mm ⁇ D ⁇ 1200mm.
  • the first direction X is parallel to the length direction of the battery cell 6 .
  • This embodiment can make the battery cells 6 have a larger size in the first direction X, so as to reduce the number of battery cells 6 in the battery, reduce the use of fixing structures for fixing the battery cells 6, and improve space utilization rate, increasing the energy density of the battery.
  • the size of the battery cells 6 is long enough to match the size of the box, and multiple battery cells 6 can be directly arranged side by side in the box without first assembling the battery cells 6 into a battery module.
  • the frame structure for fixing the battery cell 6 in the battery module can be omitted, thereby saving the internal space of the battery, improving the space utilization rate and energy density of the battery, simplifying the assembly process of the battery cell 6, and reducing the cost.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction X, does not protrude from the outer surface 21 .
  • the first electrode terminal 30 in the direction perpendicular to the first direction X, the first electrode terminal 30 will not increase the size of the battery cell 6, thereby increasing the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cell 6 in the battery, Improve the energy density of the battery.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 When a plurality of battery cells 6 of the battery are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first direction X, the first electrode terminal 30 will not abut against the outer surface 21 of the adjacent battery cells 6, thereby reducing the number of adjacent battery cells.
  • the gap between the outer surfaces 21 of the body 6 increases the energy density of the battery.
  • the outer surface 21 includes two second surfaces 23 oppositely arranged along the second direction Y, a third surface 24 and a fourth surface 25 oppositely arranged along the third direction Z, each second surface 23 is connected to the first The first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other of the three surfaces 24 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • the first surface 22 is connected to the end of the third surface 24 along the first direction X and is inclined towards the fourth surface 25 relative to the third surface 24 , and the first surface 22 connects the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the second surface 23 is a plane perpendicular to the second direction Y, and both the third surface 24 and the fourth surface 25 are planes perpendicular to the third direction Z.
  • the second surface 23 is perpendicular to the third surface 24 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • the first surface 22 is a plane parallel to the second direction Y, that is, the first surface 22 is perpendicular to the second surface 23 .
  • the third surface 24 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the third surface 24 may be directly connected to the second surface 23, or may be connected through other surfaces.
  • the third surface 24 and the second surface 23 may be connected by an arc surface; alternatively, the arc surface is a surface formed by rounded corners provided on the housing 20 .
  • Two ends of the fourth surface 25 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the fourth surface 25 may be directly connected to the second surface 23, or may be connected through other surfaces.
  • the fourth surface 25 and the second surface 23 may be connected by an arc surface.
  • Both ends of the first surface 22 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the first surface 22 may be directly connected to the second surface 23, or may be connected through other surfaces.
  • the first surface 22 may be directly connected to the end of the third surface 24 along the first direction X, or may be connected to the end of the third surface 24 along the first direction X through other surfaces (such as an arc surface).
  • the first surface 22 is inclined towards the fourth surface 25 relative to the third surface 24, so that the first electrode terminal 30 does not protrude from the first surface 22 in the first direction X along the first direction X the outermost end of .
  • the included angle between the first surface 22 and the third surface 24 is ⁇ , 90° ⁇ 180°.
  • the angle ⁇ between the first surface 22 and the third surface 24 is an obtuse angle, so that the first surface 22 can have a certain size in the first direction X and provide installation space for the first electrode terminal 30 .
  • the value of ⁇ satisfies: 120° ⁇ 150°.
  • the size of the first surface 22 along the first direction X is constant, the smaller the value of ⁇ , the greater the degree of inclination of the first surface 22 relative to the third surface 24, and the larger the size of the first surface 22 along the third direction Z , the greater the wasted space outside the first surface 22 is, the lower the capacity of the battery cell 6 is.
  • the size of the first surface 22 along the first direction X is constant, the larger the value of ⁇ , the smaller the degree of inclination of the first surface 22 relative to the third surface 24, and the smaller the size of the first surface 22 along the third direction Z , the smaller the space outside the first surface 22 for installing the first electrode terminal 30 is, the lower the overcurrent capability of the first electrode terminal 30 is.
  • the inventors set the value of ⁇ to 120°-150°, which can balance the capacity of the battery cell 6 and the overcurrent capability of the first electrode terminal 30 as much as possible, so as to improve the performance of the battery cell 6 .
  • the dimension of the first surface 22 along the fourth direction T1 is L
  • the dimension of the first electrode terminal 30 along the fourth direction T1 is W
  • the fourth direction T1 is parallel to the first surface 22 and perpendicular to the second Direction Y.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 protrudes from the first surface 22 by a dimension H along a fifth direction T2
  • the fifth direction T2 is perpendicular to the first surface 22 .
  • L, W, H and ⁇ satisfy: W ⁇ L-H/(cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ).
  • the dimension W of the first electrode terminal 30 along the fourth direction T1 refers to the maximum dimension of the portion of the first electrode terminal 30 outside the first surface 22 along the fourth direction T1 .
  • L, W, H and ⁇ satisfy W ⁇ L-H/(cos ⁇ sin ⁇ ), so that the first electrode terminal 30 does not protrude from the first surface 22 in the first direction X along the first direction X the outermost end of .
  • the first electrode terminal 30 is used to connect to a bus member.
  • the value of W can be maximized to improve the overcurrent capability of the first electrode terminal 30 .
  • 0 ⁇ H ⁇ 10mm In some embodiments, 0 ⁇ H ⁇ 10mm. Optionally, 0.2mm ⁇ H ⁇ 5mm.
  • the second surface 23 is the largest surface of the housing 20 .
  • the area of the second surface 23 is larger than the area of the first surface 22 , the area of the third surface 24 and the area of the fourth surface 25 .
  • the outer surface of the housing 20 further includes a fifth surface 26, the fifth surface 26 is perpendicular to the first direction X and connects the two second surfaces 23, and the fifth surface 26 is connected to the opposite side of the first surface 22 the end of the third surface 24 .
  • the fifth surface 26 is located at the outermost end of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X.
  • the fifth surface 26 may be directly connected to the second surface 23 or indirectly connected to the second surface 23 through an arc surface.
  • the fifth surface 26 can be directly connected to the first surface 22 , or indirectly connected to the first surface 22 through an arc surface.
  • the fifth surface 26 is located at the outermost end of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X, that is, the fifth surface 26 is coplanar with the first imaginary plane.
  • the first surface 22 connects the third surface 24 and the fifth surface 26, and the first surface 22 is inclined relative to the third surface 24 and the fifth surface 26, so that the shell 20 is on the first surface 22
  • a gap G is formed on the outside, and the gap G reserves an installation space for the first electrode terminal 30, so that the first electrode terminal 30 does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface 22 along the first direction X in the first direction X .
  • the outer surface of the housing 20 further includes a sixth surface 27 connecting the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the battery cell 6 further includes a second electrode terminal 40 protruding from the sixth surface 27 for electrical connection with the electrode assembly 10, and the second electrode terminal 40 does not protrude beyond the first direction X in the first direction X. The outermost ends of the six surfaces 27 along the first direction X.
  • the sixth surface 27 can be directly connected to the second surface 23 , or connected to the second surface 23 through an arc surface.
  • the sixth surface 27 is perpendicular to the second surface 23 .
  • the second electrode terminal 40 is electrically connected to the negative pole piece 12 .
  • the second electrode terminal 40 can be directly connected to the negative pole piece 12 , or can be electrically connected to the negative pole piece 12 through other conductive structures.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 and the second electrode terminal 40 are used as two output terminals of the battery cell 6 to lead out the electric energy of the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the second electrode terminal 40 can be protruded from the sixth surface 27 as a whole, or only partially protruded from the sixth surface 27 .
  • a part of the second electrode terminal 40 may pass through the casing 20 and extend into the casing 20 to realize the electrical connection between the second electrode terminal 40 and the negative electrode tab 12 .
  • the second electrode terminal 40 does not protrude from the outermost end of the sixth surface 27 along the first direction X in the first direction X, so that the second electrode terminal 40 and the casing 20 are in the first direction X share a part of the space above, so as to prevent the second electrode terminal 40 from increasing the size of the battery cell 6 in the first direction X, increase the effective volume utilization rate of the battery cell 6 in the battery, and improve the energy density of the battery.
  • the first surface 22 and the sixth surface 27 are connected to two ends of the third surface 24 along the first direction X, respectively.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 and the second electrode terminal 40 are located on two sides of the third surface 24 along the first direction X, respectively.
  • the outer surface of the casing 20 further includes a fifth surface 26 and a seventh surface 28 , and the fifth surface 26 and the seventh surface 28 are respectively located at two ends of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X.
  • Both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23
  • both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the first surface 22 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • Two ends of the seventh surface 28 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23
  • two ends of the seventh surface 28 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the sixth surface 27 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • the seventh surface 28 along the second direction Y are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 .
  • the seventh surface 28 may be directly connected to the second surface 23 or indirectly connected to the second surface 23 through an arc surface.
  • the seventh surface 28 may be directly connected to the sixth surface 27 and the fourth surface 25 , or indirectly connected to the sixth surface 27 and the fourth surface 25 through an arc surface.
  • the fifth surface 26 is coplanar with the first imaginary plane
  • the seventh surface 28 is coplanar with the second imaginary plane.
  • the sixth surface 27 connects the third surface 24 and the seventh surface 28, and the sixth surface 27 is inclined relative to the third surface 24 and the seventh surface 28, so that the shell 20 is on the sixth surface 27
  • a gap G is formed on the outside, and the gap G reserves an installation space for the second electrode terminal 40, so that the second electrode terminal 40 does not protrude from the outermost end of the sixth surface 27 along the first direction X in the first direction X .
  • the battery cells 6 are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the first direction X.
  • adjacent battery cells 6 may be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • one battery cell 6 can be rotated by 180° based on the plane of symmetry, so that the first electrode terminal 30 of one battery cell 6 can be connected to the other battery cell 6 .
  • the second electrode terminals 40 are opposite to each other along the second direction Y, so that the current-combining component connects the adjacent battery cells 6 in series.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets 11 and a plurality of negative electrode sheets 12 , and the plurality of positive electrode sheets 11 and the plurality of negative electrode sheets 12 are stacked alternately along the second direction Y.
  • the shape of the positive pole piece 11 and the shape of the negative pole piece 12 can match the shape of the first surface 22 .
  • both the positive pole piece 11 and the negative pole piece 12 are sheet-like structures, and their shapes can be adaptively adjusted according to the shape of the casing 20, so that the electrode assembly 10 can make full use of the inner space of the casing 20 and improve The energy density of the battery cell 6 .
  • the housing 20 includes a housing 20a and an end cover 20b, the housing 20a has an opening, and the end cover 20b covers the opening.
  • the casing 20 a is a hollow structure, and a space for accommodating the electrode assembly 10 is formed inside it.
  • the shape of the case 20 a may be determined according to the specific shape of the electrode assembly 10 . For example, if the electrode assembly 10 has a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical shell can be selected; if the electrode assembly 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, a rectangular parallelepiped shell can be selected.
  • the housing 20a can be a structure with one side opening, and the end cover 20b is provided as one and covers the opening of the housing 20a.
  • the casing 20a may also be a structure with openings on both sides, and two end caps 20b are provided, and the two end caps 20b respectively cover the two openings of the casing 20a.
  • the end cover 20b is connected to the housing 20a by welding, bonding, clamping or other means.
  • the housing 20 a is opened on one side along the second direction Y.
  • the end cap 20b can be a flat plate structure perpendicular to the second direction Y.
  • both the first surface 22 and the sixth surface 27 are part of the outer surface of the casing 20a, and the first electrode terminal 30 and the second electrode terminal 40 are both mounted on the casing 20a.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the first surface 22 connects the third surface 24 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • the size of the first surface 22 along the fourth direction can be increased to reserve a larger space for the first electrode terminal 30 in the fourth direction, so as to improve the overcurrent capability of the first electrode terminal 30 .
  • the first surface 22 is connected to one end of the third surface 24 along the first direction X and one end of the fourth surface 25 along the first direction X
  • the sixth surface 27 is connected to the third surface 24 along the first direction The other end of X and the other end of the fourth surface 25 along the first direction X.
  • the size of the sixth surface 27 can be increased to reserve a larger space for the second electrode terminal 40 , so as to improve the overcurrent capability of the second electrode terminal 40 .
  • first surface 22 is parallel to sixth surface 27 .
  • the second surface 23 is a parallelogram.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • the outer surface of the casing further includes a fifth surface 26 and a seventh surface 28 , and the fifth surface 26 and the seventh surface 28 are respectively located on two sides of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X. end. Both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 , and both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the first surface 22 and the fourth surface 25 . Both ends of the seventh surface 28 along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 , and both ends of the seventh surface 28 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the sixth surface 27 and the third surface 24 .
  • the sixth surface 27 is connected to the fourth surface 25 and is inclined toward the third surface 24 .
  • two notches are formed at opposite corners of the casing to provide installation space for the first electrode terminal 30 and the second electrode terminal 40 .
  • the battery cell 6 is 180° rotationally symmetrical along an axis parallel to the second direction.
  • adjacent battery cells 6 may be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • one battery cell 6 can be rotated by 180° on the basis of the axis parallel to the second direction, so that the first electrode terminal 30 of one battery cell 6 can be connected to the other.
  • the second electrode terminals 40 of the battery cells 6 face each other along the second direction, so that the confluence component connects the adjacent battery cells 6 in series.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic front view of a battery cell provided in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • the sixth surface 27 is connected to an end of the fourth surface 25 that is close to the first surface 22 along the first direction X, and the sixth surface 27 faces the first side relative to the fourth surface 25 .
  • the direction of the surface 22 is inclined.
  • the first electrode terminal 30 and the second electrode terminal 40 are mounted on the same end of the battery cell 6, so that when a plurality of battery cells 6 are assembled into a group, it is helpful to simplify the first electrode terminal 30. And the connection of the second electrode terminal 40 and the bus part.
  • the battery cells 6 are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the third direction Z.
  • adjacent battery cells 6 may be arranged in a staggered manner.
  • one battery cell 6 can be rotated by 180° based on the plane of symmetry, so that the first electrode terminal 30 of one battery cell 6 can be connected to the other battery cell 6 .
  • the second electrode terminals 40 are opposite along the second direction, so that the current-combining component connects the adjacent battery cells 6 in series.
  • the outer surface of the casing further includes a fifth surface 26 and a seventh surface 28 , and the fifth surface 26 and the seventh surface 28 are respectively located at two ends of the battery cell 6 along the first direction X.
  • Both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 , and both ends of the fifth surface 26 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the first surface 22 and the sixth surface 27 .
  • Both ends of the seventh surface 28 along the second direction are respectively connected to the two second surfaces 23 , and both ends of the seventh surface 28 along the third direction Z are respectively connected to the third surface 24 and the fourth surface 25 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery cell, which includes:
  • the outer surface of the casing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface, the first surface intersects the first direction, and the first electrode terminal protrudes from the second surface a surface, and the first electrode terminal does not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic block diagram of a battery cell manufacturing system provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell manufacturing system 90, which includes:
  • the first providing device 91 is used to provide the electrode assembly
  • the second providing device 92 is used to provide the casing and the first electrode terminal, the outer surface of the casing includes an outer surface parallel to the first direction and a first surface connected to the outer surface, the first surface intersects the first direction, and the first The electrode terminals protrude from the first surface, and the first electrode terminals do not protrude from the outermost end of the first surface along the first direction in the first direction;
  • the assembling device 93 is used for installing the electrode assembly in the casing, and electrically connecting the first electrode terminal with the electrode assembly; wherein, the outer surface is arranged around the electrode assembly.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置。本实施例的电池单体包括电极组件、外壳和第一电极端子。外壳用于容纳电极组件，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，外侧面环绕电极组件设置，第一表面与第一方向相交。第一电极端子凸设于第一表面并用于与电极组件电连接，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。本实施例能够增大电池中的电池单体的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。

Description

电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
电池单体广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。电池单体可以包括镉镍电池单体、氢镍电池单体、锂离子电池单体和二次碱性锌锰电池单体等。
在电池技术的发展中，如何提高能量密度，是电池技术中的一个研究方向。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置，其能提高能量密度。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括电极组件、外壳和第一电极端子。外壳用于容纳电极组件，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，外侧面环绕电极组件设置，第一表面与第一方向相交。第一电极端子凸设于第一表面并用于与电极组件电连接，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。
上述方案中，第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端，这样，第一电极端子与外壳在第一方向上共用一部分的空间，从而避免第一电极端子在第一方向上额外增大电池单体的尺寸，增大电池中的电池单体的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于第一方向的方向上，第一电极端子不凸出于外侧面。
上述方案中，在垂直于第一方向的方向上，第一电极端子不会额外增大电池单体的尺寸，从而增大电池中的电池单体的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，外侧面包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个第二表面、沿第三方向相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，各第二表面连接第三表面和第四表面，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。第一表面连接于第三表面沿第一方向的端部并相对于第三表面朝向第四表面倾斜，且第一表面连接两个第二表面。
上述方案中，第一表面相对于第三表面朝向第四表面倾斜，以使第一电极端子 在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。
在一些实施例中，第一表面和第三表面的夹角为θ，90°＜θ＜180°。
上述方案中，第一表面和第三表面的夹角θ为钝角，这样可以使第一表面在第一方向具有一定的尺寸，并为第一电极端子提供安装空间。
在一些实施例中，120°≤θ≤150°。
当第一表面沿第一方向的尺寸一定时，θ的值越小，第一表面相对于第三表面倾斜的程度越大，第一表面沿第三方向的尺寸越大，第一表面外侧浪费的空间也就越大，电池单体的容量越低。当第一表面沿第一方向的尺寸一定时，θ的值越大，第一表面相对于第三表面倾斜的程度越小，第一表面沿第三方向的尺寸越小，第一表面外侧的用于安装第一电极端子的空间越小，第一电极端子的过流能力越低。上述方案将θ的值设置为120°-150°，可以尽可能的平衡电池单体的容量和第一电极端子的过流能力，以改善电池单体的性能。
在一些实施例中，第一表面沿第四方向的尺寸为L，第一电极端子沿第四方向的尺寸为W，第四方向平行于第一表面且垂直于第二方向。第一电极端子沿第五方向凸出第一表面的尺寸为H，第五方向垂直第一表面。L、W、H及θ满足：W≤L-H/(cosθsinθ)。
上述方案中，通过将L、W、H及θ满足W≤L-H/(cosθsinθ)，以使第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。
在一些实施例中，第二表面为外壳的面积最大的面。
在一些实施例中，第一表面连接第三表面和第四表面。
上述方案可以增大第一表面沿第四方向的尺寸，为第一电极端子在第四方向上预留更大的空间，以提高第一电极端子的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面，第五表面垂直于第一方向并连接两个第二表面，且第五表面连接于第一表面的背离第三表面的端部。第五表面位于电池单体沿第一方向的最外端。
上述方案中，第一表面连接第三表面和第五表面，且第一表面相对于第三表面和第五表面均倾斜，这样，外壳在第一表面的外侧形成缺口，该缺口为第一电极端子预留出安装空间，以使第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第六表面，第六表面连接两个第二表面。电池单体还包括第二电极端子，第二电极端子凸设于第六表面并用于与电极组件电连接，且第二电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第六表面沿第一方向的最外端。
上述方案中，第二电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第六表面沿第一方向的最外端，这样，第二电极端子与外壳在第一方向上共用一部分的空间，从而避免第二电极端子在第一方向上额外增大电池单体的尺寸，增大电池中的电池单体的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一表面和第六表面分别连接于第三表面沿第一方向的两端。
上述方案中，第一电极端子和第二电极端子分别位于第三表面沿第一方向的两 侧。
在一些实施例中，第一表面连接于第三表面沿第一方向的一端和第四表面沿第一方向的一端，第六表面连接于第三表面沿第一方向的另一端和第四表面沿第一方向的另一端。
上述方案可以增大第六表面的尺寸，为第二电极端子预留更大的空间，以提高第二电极端子的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，第一表面平行于第六表面。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，第五表面和第七表面分别位于电池单体沿第一方向的两端。第五表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第五表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第一表面和第四表面。第七表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第七表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第六表面和第四表面。
上述方案中，第六表面连接第三表面和第七表面，且第六表面相对于第三表面和第七表面均倾斜，这样，外壳在第六表面的外侧形成缺口，该缺口为第二电极端子预留出安装空间，以使第二电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第六表面沿第一方向的最外端。
在一些实施例中，电池单体关于垂直于第一方向的平面对称。
上述方案中，在沿第二方向布置电池单体时，相邻的电池单体可交错设置。换言之，在相邻的两个电池单体中，一个电池单体可以以对称平面为基准旋转180°，这样，一个电池单体的第一电极端子可以与另一个电池单体的第二电极端子沿第二方向相对，以便于汇流部件将相邻的电池单体串联。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，第五表面和第七表面分别位于电池单体沿第一方向的两端。第五表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第五表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第一表面和第四表面。第七表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第七表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第六表面和第三表面。第六表面连接于第四表面并朝向第三表面倾斜。
上述方案中，外壳在对角处形成两个缺口，以为第一电极端子和第二电极端子提供安装空间。
在一些实施例中，第六表面连接于第四表面沿第一方向靠近第一表面的一端，且第六表面相对于第四表面沿面向第一表面的方向倾斜。
上述方案中，第一电极端子和第二电极端子安装于电池单体的同一端，这样，在多个电池单体装配成组时，有助于简化第一电极端子和第二电极端子与汇流部件的连接。
在一些实施例中，电池单体关于垂直于第三方向的平面对称。
上述方案中，在沿第二方向布置电池单体时，相邻的电池单体可交错设置。换言之，在相邻的两个电池单体中，一个电池单体可以以对称平面为基准旋转180°，这样，一个电池单体的第一电极端子可以与另一个电池单体的第二电极端子沿第二方向相对，以便于汇流部件将相邻的电池单体串联。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，第五表面和第七表面分别位于电池单体沿第一方向的两端。第五表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第五表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第一表面和第六表面。第七表面沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面，第七表面沿第三方向的两端分别连接于第三表面和第四表面。
在一些实施例中，电极组件包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，多个正极极片和多个负极极片沿第二方向交替层叠。
上述方案中，正极极片和负极极片均为片状结构，其形状可以根据外壳的形状适应性调整，这样可以使电极组件能够充分的利用外壳的内部空间，提高电池单体的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体沿第一方向上的最大尺寸为200mm-2000mm。
上述方案中，可以使电池单体在第一方向上具有较大的尺寸，以减少电池中的电池单体的数量，减少用于固定电池单体的固定结构的使用，提高空间利用率，增大电池的能量密度。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括多个第一方面任一实施例的电池单体。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电装置，包括第一方面任一实施例的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
提供电极组件；
提供外壳和第一电极端子，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，第一表面与第一方向相交，第一电极端子凸设于第一表面，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端；
将电极组件安装于外壳内，并使第一电极端子与电极组件电连接；
其中，外侧面环绕电极组件设置。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造系统，包括：
第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件；
第二提供装置，用于提供外壳和第一电极端子，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，第一表面与第一方向相交，第一电极端子凸设于第一表面，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端；
组装装置，用于将电极组件安装于外壳内，并使第一电极端子与电极组件电连接；
其中，外侧面环绕电极组件设置。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要 使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示的电池单体的正视示意图；
图5为图4所示的电池单体沿A-A方向作出的剖视示意图；
图6为图4所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图；
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图；
图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造系统的示意性框图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存 在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，“平行”不仅包括绝对平行的情况，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行的情况；同时，“垂直”也不仅包括绝对垂直的情况，还包括工程上常规认知的大致垂直的情况。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池单体、锂离子一次电池单体、锂硫电池单体、钠锂离子电池单体、钠离子电池单体或镁离子电池单体等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以是电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极单元和电解液，电极单元包括正极极片、负极极片和隔离件。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面；正极集流体包括正极集流部和正极极耳，正极集流部涂覆有正极活性物质层，正极极耳未涂覆正极活性物质层。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质层包括正极活性物质，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面；负极集流体包括负极集流部和负极极耳，负极集流部涂覆有负极活性物质层，负极极耳未涂覆负极活性物质层。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质层包括负极活性物质，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。隔离件的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。
电池单体还包括外壳和电极端子，电极组件容纳于外壳内，电极端子安装于外壳并与电极组件电连接，以将电极组件的电能导出。
随着电池技术的发展，用户对电池的容量的需求越来越高。例如，随着新能源车的不断普及，对新能源车中的电池的使用要求变得越来越高。用户对新能源车续航里程要求的不断提高，对新能源车使用的电池而言，其容量需要不断的提高。
电池包括箱体和容纳于箱体内的多个电池单体，多个电池单体通过汇流部件实现串联、并联或混联。一般而言，电极端子凸出于外壳，以便于与外部的汇流部件连接。
然而，发明人发现，电极端子的安装位置能直接影响电池单体在箱体内所占用的空间。在相关技术中，电极端子通常安装在外壳的端面上，这会增大电池单体的尺 寸以及电池单体在箱体内占用的空间，降低电池内部的空间利用率，导致电池的能量密度偏低。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，在该技术方案中，电池单体包括电极组件、外壳和第一电极端子。外壳用于容纳电极组件，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，外侧面环绕电极组件设置，第一表面与第一方向相交。第一电极端子凸设于第一表面并用于与电极组件电连接，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端。在该技术方案中，第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端，这样可以使第一电极端子在第一方向上不在额外地占用空间，从而减小电池单体的尺寸，增大电池内部的空间利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。
如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器3和马达4，控制器3用来控制电池2为马达4供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸示意图。
如图2所示，电池2包括箱体5和电池单体6，电池单体6容纳于箱体5内。
箱体5用于容纳电池单体6，箱体5可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体5可以包括第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b相互盖合，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间5c。第二箱体部5b可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a为板状结构，第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5；第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部5a的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部5b的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间5c的箱体5。当然，第一箱体部5a和第二箱体部5b可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b连接后的密封性，第一箱体部5a与第二箱体部5b之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部5a盖合于第二箱体部5b的顶部，第一箱体部5a亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部5b亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体6可以是一个，也可以是多个。若电池单体6为多个，多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。
多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体5内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体5内。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6构成的整体直接安装于箱体5。这样可以省去将多个电池单体6组成电池模块的工艺，并省去电池模块中的用于固定电池单体6的固定框架，这样可以简化电池的结构，提高电池的能量密度。
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的结构示意图；图4为图3所示的电池单体的正视示意图；图5为图4所示的电池单体沿A-A方向作出的剖视示意图；图6为图4所示的电池单体在圆框B处的放大示意图。
如图3至图6所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体6，其包括电极组件10、外壳20和第一电极端子30。外壳20用于容纳电极组件10，外壳20的外表面包括平行于第一方向X的外侧面21和与外侧面21相连的第一表面22，外侧面21环绕电极组件10设置，第一表面22与第一方向X相交。第一电极端子30凸设于第一表面22并用于与电极组件10电连接，且第一电极端子30在第一方向X上不凸出于第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端。
电极组件10为电池单体6实现充放电功能的核心部件，其包括正极极片11、负极极片12和隔离件13，正极极片11和负极极片12的极性相反，隔离件13用于将正极极片11和负极极片12绝缘隔离。电极组件10主要依靠金属离子在正极极片11和负极极片12之间移动来工作。
电极组件10可以为一个，也可以为多个。当电极组件10为多个时，多个电极组件10可以层叠布置，而多个电极组件10的层叠方向可以垂直于第一方向X。
外壳20为空心结构，其内部形成用于容纳电极组件10和电解液的容纳腔。外壳20可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。外壳20的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体外壳；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体外壳。
外侧面21为环绕在电极组件10的外侧的环形表面，其整体平行于第一方向X。第一表面22连接于外侧面21沿第一方向X的端部，且与第一方向X相交。示例性地，第一表面22可为平面，第一表面22与第一方向X的夹角大于0°且小于90°。
第一电极端子30用于与电极组件10电连接，以将电极组件10的电能导出。示例性地，第一电极端子30电连接于正极极片11和负极极片12中的一者。例如，第一电极端子30可直接连接于正极极片11，也可通过其它导电结构电连接于正极极片11。
第一电极端子30凸设于第一表面22，以便于与外部的汇流部件连接。第一电极端子30可整体凸设于第一表面22，也可以仅部分凸设于第一表面22。例如，第一电极端子30的一部分可穿过外壳20并延伸到外壳20的内部，以实现第一电极端子30和正极极片11的电连接。
电池单体6可被垂直于第一方向X的两个虚拟平面夹持，电池单体6沿第一方向X上的最大尺寸即为两个虚拟平面之间的间距。这两个虚拟平面为了方便理解电池单体6沿第一方向X上的最大尺寸而引入，在本申请实施例中并不实际存在。
两个虚拟平面分别定义为第一虚拟平面和第二虚拟平面，第一虚拟平面从靠近第一电极端子30的一侧夹持电池单体6。第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端即为第一表面22在第一方向X上最靠近第一虚拟平面的端部。
在本实施例中，第一电极端子30在第一方向X上不凸出于第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端，这样，第一电极端子30与外壳20在第一方向X上共用一部分的空间，从而避免第一电极端子30在第一方向X上额外增大电池单体6的尺寸，增大电池中的电池单体6的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6沿第一方向X上的最大尺寸D为200mm-2000mm。可选地，D的值可为200mm、400mm、500mm、1000mm、1200mm、1500mm或2000mm。
示例性地，D满足：400mm≤D≤1200mm。
示例性地，第一方向X平行于电池单体6的长度方向。
对于电池而言，在电池容量一定的前提下，电池单体6的尺寸越小，电池单体6的数量越多，箱体需要设置更多的固定结构来固定电池单体6，这会造成电池内部的空间利用率低，导致电池的能量密度无法满足要求。
本实施例可以使电池单体6在第一方向X上具有较大的尺寸，以减少电池中的电池单体6的数量，减少用于固定电池单体6的固定结构的使用，提高空间利用率，增大电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6的尺寸足够长，能够与箱体的尺寸相匹配，多个电池单体6可以直接并列布置在箱体内，无需先将电池单体6组装成电池模块，这样可以省去电池模块中的用于固定电池单体6的框架结构，从而节省了电池的内部空间，提高了电池的空间利用率和能量密度，简化电池单体6的组装工艺，降低成本。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于第一方向X的方向上，第一电极端子30不凸出于外侧面21。
在本实施例中，在垂直于第一方向X的方向上，第一电极端子30不会额外增大电池单体6的尺寸，从而增大电池中的电池单体6的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
当电池的多个电池单体6沿垂直于第一方向X的方向布置时，第一电极端子30不会与相邻的电池单体6的外侧面21相抵，从而减小相邻的电池单体6的外侧面21之间的间隙，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，外侧面21包括沿第二方向Y相对设置的两个第二表面23、沿第三方向Z相对设置的第三表面24和第四表面25，各第二表面23连接第三表面24 和第四表面25，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两垂直。第一表面22连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的端部并相对于第三表面24朝向第四表面25倾斜，且第一表面22连接两个第二表面23。
示例性地，第二表面23为垂直于第二方向Y的平面，第三表面24和第四表面25均为垂直于第三方向Z的平面。第二表面23垂直于第三表面24和第四表面25。
示例性地，第一表面22为平行于第二方向Y的平面，即第一表面22垂直于第二表面23。
第三表面24沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第三表面24可以与第二表面23直接相连，也可以通过其它表面相连。示例性地，第三表面24和第二表面23可通过圆弧面相连；可选地，圆弧面为通过外壳20上开设的圆角所形成的表面。第四表面25沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第四表面25可以与第二表面23直接相连，也可以通过其它表面相连。示例性地，第四表面25和第二表面23可通过圆弧面相连。
第一表面22沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第一表面22可以与第二表面23直接相连，也可以通过其它表面相连。
第一表面22可直接连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的端部，也可以通过其它表面(例如圆弧面)连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的端部。
在本申请实施例中，第一表面22相对于第三表面24朝向第四表面25倾斜，以使第一电极端子30在第一方向X上不凸出于第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22和第三表面24的夹角为θ，90°＜θ＜180°。
在本实施例中，第一表面22和第三表面24的夹角θ为钝角，这样可以使第一表面22在第一方向X具有一定的尺寸，并为第一电极端子30提供安装空间。
在一些实施例中，θ的值满足：120°≤θ≤150°。
当第一表面22沿第一方向X的尺寸一定时，θ的值越小，第一表面22相对于第三表面24倾斜的程度越大，第一表面22沿第三方向Z的尺寸越大，第一表面22外侧浪费的空间也就越大，电池单体6的容量越低。当第一表面22沿第一方向X的尺寸一定时，θ的值越大，第一表面22相对于第三表面24倾斜的程度越小，第一表面22沿第三方向Z的尺寸越小，第一表面22外侧的用于安装第一电极端子30的空间越小，第一电极端子30的过流能力越低。
发明人经过试验，将θ的值设置为120°-150°，可以尽可能的平衡电池单体6的容量和第一电极端子30的过流能力，以改善电池单体6的性能。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22沿第四方向T1的尺寸为L，第一电极端子30沿第四方向T1的尺寸为W，第四方向T1平行于第一表面22且垂直于第二方向Y。第一电极端子30沿第五方向T2凸出第一表面22的尺寸为H，第五方向T2垂直第一表面22。L、W、H及θ满足：W≤L-H/(cosθsinθ)。
第一电极端子30沿第四方向T1的尺寸W指的是：第一电极端子30的位于第一表面22外侧的部分沿第四方向T1的最大尺寸。
在本实施例中，通过将L、W、H及θ满足W≤L-H/(cosθsinθ)，以使第一电极 端子30在第一方向X上不凸出于第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端。
在一些实施例中，L、W、H及θ满足：W＝L-H/(cosθsinθ)。
第一电极端子30用于与汇流部件连接。W的值越大，第一电极端子30的可用于与汇流部件之间的连接的区域的面积也越大，第一电极端子30的过流能力越高。本实施例可以使W的值最大化，以提高第一电极端子30的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，0＜H≤10mm。可选地，0.2mm≤H≤5mm。
在一些实施例中，第二表面23为外壳20的面积最大的面。
第二表面23的面积大于第一表面22的面积、第三表面24的面积以及第四表面25的面积。
在一些实施例中，外壳20的外表面还包括第五表面26，第五表面26垂直于第一方向X并连接两个第二表面23，且第五表面26连接于第一表面22的背离第三表面24的端部。第五表面26位于电池单体6沿第一方向X的最外端。
第五表面26沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第五表面26可直接连接于第二表面23，也可通过圆弧面间接地连接于第二表面23。
第五表面26可直接连接于第一表面22，也可以通过圆弧面间接地连接于第一表面22。
第五表面26位于电池单体6沿第一方向X的最外端，即第五表面26与第一虚拟平面共面。
在本实施例中，第一表面22连接第三表面24和第五表面26，且第一表面22相对于第三表面24和第五表面26均倾斜，这样，外壳20在第一表面22的外侧形成缺口G，该缺口G为第一电极端子30预留出安装空间，以使第一电极端子30在第一方向X上不凸出于第一表面22沿第一方向X的最外端。
在一些实施例中，外壳20的外表面还包括第六表面27，第六表面27连接两个第二表面23。电池单体6还包括第二电极端子40，第二电极端子40凸设于第六表面27并用于与电极组件10电连接，且第二电极端子40在第一方向X上不凸出于第六表面27沿第一方向X的最外端。
第六表面27沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第六表面27可直接连接于第二表面23，也可通过圆弧面连接于第二表面23。
示例性地，第六表面27垂直于第二表面23。
示例性地，第二电极端子40电连接于负极极片12。第二电极端子40可直接连接于负极极片12，也可通过其它导电结构电连接于负极极片12。
第一电极端子30和第二电极端子40作为电池单体6的两个输出端子，以将电极组件10的电能引出。
第二电极端子40可整体凸设于第六表面27，也可以仅部分凸设于第六表面27。例如，第二电极端子40的一部分可穿过外壳20并延伸到外壳20的内部，以实现第二电极端子40和负极极片12的电连接。
在本实施例中，第二电极端子40在第一方向X上不凸出于第六表面27沿第一方向X的最外端，这样，第二电极端子40与外壳20在第一方向X上共用一部分的空 间，从而避免第二电极端子40在第一方向X上额外增大电池单体6的尺寸，增大电池中的电池单体6的有效体积利用率，提高电池的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22和第六表面27分别连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的两端。
在本实施例中，第一电极端子30和第二电极端子40分别位于第三表面24沿第一方向X的两侧。
在一些实施例中，外壳20的外表面还包括第五表面26和第七表面28，第五表面26和第七表面28分别位于电池单体6沿第一方向X的两端。第五表面26沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第五表面26沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第一表面22和第四表面25。第七表面28沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第七表面28沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第六表面27和第四表面25。
第七表面28沿第二方向Y的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23。第七表面28可直接连接于第二表面23，也可通过圆弧面间接地连接于第二表面23。
第七表面28可直接连接于第六表面27和第四表面25，也可以通过圆弧面间接地连接于第六表面27和第四表面25。
第五表面26与第一虚拟平面共面，第七表面28与第二虚拟平面共面。
在本实施例中，第六表面27连接第三表面24和第七表面28，且第六表面27相对于第三表面24和第七表面28均倾斜，这样，外壳20在第六表面27的外侧形成缺口G，该缺口G为第二电极端子40预留出安装空间，以使第二电极端子40在第一方向X上不凸出于第六表面27沿第一方向X的最外端。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6关于垂直于第一方向X的平面对称。
在沿第二方向Y布置电池单体6时，相邻的电池单体6可交错设置。换言之，在相邻的两个电池单体6中，一个电池单体6可以以对称平面为基准旋转180°，这样，一个电池单体6的第一电极端子30可以与另一个电池单体6的第二电极端子40沿第二方向Y相对，以便于汇流部件将相邻的电池单体6串联。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括多个正极极片11和多个负极极片12，多个正极极片11和多个负极极片12沿第二方向Y交替层叠。
示例性地，正极极片11的形状和负极极片12的形状可与第一表面22的形状相匹配。
在本实施例中，正极极片11和负极极片12均为片状结构，其形状可以根据外壳20的形状适应性调整，这样可以使电极组件10能够充分的利用外壳20的内部空间，提高电池单体6的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，外壳20包括壳体20a和端盖20b，壳体20a具有开口，端盖20b盖合于开口。
壳体20a为空心结构，其内部形成用于容纳电极组件10的空间。壳体20a的形状可根据电极组件10的具体形状来确定。比如，若电极组件10为圆柱体结构，则可选用为圆柱体壳体；若电极组件10为长方体结构，则可选用长方体壳体。
壳体20a可为一侧开口的结构，端盖20b设置为一个并盖合于壳体20a的开口。 可替代地，壳体20a也可为两侧开口的结构，端盖20b设置为两个，两个端盖20b分别盖合于壳体20a的两个开口。
示例性地，端盖20b通过焊接、粘接、卡接或其它方式连接于壳体20a。
在一些实施例中，壳体20a沿第二方向Y的一侧开口。端盖20b可为垂直于第二方向Y的平板结构。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22和第六表面27均为壳体20a的外表面的一部分，第一电极端子30和第二电极端子40均安装于壳体20a。
图7为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图。
如图7所示，在一些实施例中，第一表面22连接第三表面24和第四表面25。
本实施例可以增大第一表面22沿第四方向的尺寸，为第一电极端子30在第四方向上预留更大的空间，以提高第一电极端子30的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的一端和第四表面25沿第一方向X的一端，第六表面27连接于第三表面24沿第一方向X的另一端和第四表面25沿第一方向X的另一端。
本实施例可以增大第六表面27的尺寸，为第二电极端子40预留更大的空间，以提高第二电极端子40的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，第一表面22平行于第六表面27。
示例性地，第二表面23为平行四边形。
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面26和第七表面28，第五表面26和第七表面28分别位于电池单体6沿第一方向X的两端。第五表面26沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第五表面26沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第一表面22和第四表面25。第七表面28沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第七表面28沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第六表面27和第三表面24。第六表面27连接于第四表面25并朝向第三表面24倾斜。
在本实施例中，外壳在对角处形成两个缺口，以为第一电极端子30和第二电极端子40提供安装空间。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6沿平行于第二方向的轴线180°旋转对称。
在沿第二方向布置电池单体6时，相邻的电池单体6可交错设置。换言之，在相邻的两个电池单体6中，一个电池单体6可以平行于第二方向的轴线为基准旋转180°，这样，一个电池单体6的第一电极端子30可以与另一个电池单体6的第二电极端子40沿第二方向相对，以便于汇流部件将相邻的电池单体6串联。
图9为本申请再一些实施例提供的电池单体的正视示意图。
如图9所示，在一些实施例中，第六表面27连接于第四表面25沿第一方向X靠近第一表面22的一端，且第六表面27相对于第四表面25沿面向第一表面22的方向倾斜。
在本实施例中，第一电极端子30和第二电极端子40安装于电池单体6的同一端，这样，在多个电池单体6装配成组时，有助于简化第一电极端子30和第二电极端 子40与汇流部件的连接。
在一些实施例中，电池单体6关于垂直于第三方向Z的平面对称。
在沿第二方向布置电池单体6时，相邻的电池单体6可交错设置。换言之，在相邻的两个电池单体6中，一个电池单体6可以以对称平面为基准旋转180°，这样，一个电池单体6的第一电极端子30可以与另一个电池单体6的第二电极端子40沿第二方向相对，以便于汇流部件将相邻的电池单体6串联。
在一些实施例中，外壳的外表面还包括第五表面26和第七表面28，第五表面26和第七表面28分别位于电池单体6沿第一方向X的两端。第五表面26沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第五表面26沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第一表面22和第六表面27。第七表面28沿第二方向的两端分别连接于两个第二表面23，第七表面28沿第三方向Z的两端分别连接于第三表面24和第四表面25。
图10为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造方法的流程示意图。
如图10所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造方法，其包括：
S100、提供电极组件；
S200、提供外壳和第一电极端子，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，第一表面与第一方向相交，第一电极端子凸设于第一表面，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端；
S300、将电极组件安装于外壳内，并使第一电极端子与电极组件电连接；其中，外侧面环绕电极组件设置。
需要说明的是，通过上述电池单体的制造方法制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
在基于上述的电池单体的制造方法制造电池单体时，不必按照上述步骤依次进行，也就是说，可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，也可以不同于实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤，或者若干步骤同时执行。例如，步骤S100、S200的执行不分先后，也可以同时进行。
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的制造系统的示意性框图。
如图11所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体的制造系统90，其包括：
第一提供装置91，用于提供电极组件；
第二提供装置92，用于提供外壳和第一电极端子，外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与外侧面相连的第一表面，第一表面与第一方向相交，第一电极端子凸设于第一表面，且第一电极端子在第一方向上不凸出于第一表面沿第一方向的最外端；
组装装置93，用于将电极组件安装于外壳内，并使第一电极端子与电极组件电连接；其中，外侧面环绕电极组件设置。
通过上述制造系统制造出的电池单体的相关结构，可参见上述各实施例提供的电池单体。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，但这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    电极组件；
    外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与所述外侧面相连的第一表面，所述外侧面环绕所述电极组件设置，所述第一表面与所述第一方向相交；以及
    第一电极端子，凸设于所述第一表面并用于与所述电极组件电连接，且所述第一电极端子在所述第一方向上不凸出于所述第一表面沿所述第一方向的最外端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，在垂直于所述第一方向的方向上，所述第一电极端子不凸出于所述外侧面。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述外侧面包括沿第二方向相对设置的两个第二表面、沿第三方向相对设置的第三表面和第四表面，各所述第二表面连接所述第三表面和所述第四表面，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直；
    所述第一表面连接于所述第三表面沿所述第一方向的端部并相对于所述第三表面朝向所述第四表面倾斜，且所述第一表面连接两个所述第二表面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面和所述第三表面的夹角为θ，90°＜θ＜180°。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池单体，其中，120°≤θ≤150°。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述第一表面沿第四方向的尺寸为L，所述第一电极端子沿所述第四方向的尺寸为W，所述第四方向平行于所述第一表面且垂直于所述第二方向；
    所述第一电极端子沿第五方向凸出所述第一表面的尺寸为H，所述第五方向垂直所述第一表面；
    L、W、H及θ满足：
    W≤L-H/(cosθsinθ)。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二表面为所述外壳的面积最大的面。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面连接所述第三表面和所述第四表面。
  9. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳的外表面还包括第五表面，所述第五表面垂直于所述第一方向并连接两个所述第二表面，且所述第五表面连接于所述第一表面的背离所述第三表面的端部；
    所述第五表面位于所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的最外端。
  10. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳的外表面还包括第六表面，所述第六表面连接两个所述第二表面；
    所述电池单体还包括第二电极端子，所述第二电极端子凸设于所述第六表面并用于与所述电极组件电连接，且所述第二电极端子在所述第一方向上不凸出于所述第六表面沿所述第一方向的最外端。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面和所述第六表面分别连接于所述第三表面沿所述第一方向的两端。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面连接于所述第三表面沿所述第一方向的一端和所述第四表面沿所述第一方向的一端，所述第六表面连接于所述第三表面沿所述第一方向的另一端和所述第四表面沿所述第一方向的另一端。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一表面平行于所述第六表面。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，所述第五表面和所述第七表面分别位于所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的两端；
    所述第五表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第五表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第一表面和所述第四表面；
    所述第七表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第七表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第六表面和所述第四表面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体关于垂直于所述第一方向的平面对称。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，所述第五表面和所述第七表面分别位于所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的两端；
    所述第五表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第五表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第一表面和所述第四表面；
    所述第七表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第七表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第六表面和所述第三表面；
    所述第六表面连接于所述第四表面并朝向所述第三表面倾斜。
  17. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第六表面连接于所述第四表面沿所述第一方向靠近所述第一表面的一端，且所述第六表面相对于所述第四表面沿面向所述第一表面的方向倾斜。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体关于垂直于所述第三方向的平面对称。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的电池单体，其中，
    所述外壳的外表面还包括第五表面和第七表面，所述第五表面和所述第七表面分别位于所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的两端；
    所述第五表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第五表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第一表面和所述第六表面；
    所述第七表面沿所述第二方向的两端分别连接于两个所述第二表面，所述第七表面沿所述第三方向的两端分别连接于所述第三表面和所述第四表面。
  20. 根据权利要求3-19任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括多个正极极片和多个负极极片，多个所述正极极片和多个所述负极极片沿所述第二方向交替层叠。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体沿所述第一方向上的最大尺寸为200mm-2000mm。
  22. 一种电池，包括多个根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的电池单体。
  23. 一种用电装置，包括根据权利要求1-21中任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
  24. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    提供电极组件；
    提供外壳和第一电极端子，所述外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与所述外侧面相连的第一表面，所述第一表面与所述第一方向相交，所述第一电极端子凸设于所述第一表面，且所述第一电极端子在所述第一方向上不凸出于所述第一表面沿所述第一方向的最外端；
    将所述电极组件安装于所述外壳内，并使所述第一电极端子与所述电极组件电连接；
    其中，所述外侧面环绕所述电极组件设置。
  25. 一种电池单体的制造系统，包括：
    第一提供装置，用于提供电极组件；
    第二提供装置，用于提供外壳和第一电极端子，所述外壳的外表面包括平行于第一方向的外侧面和与所述外侧面相连的第一表面，所述第一表面与所述第一方向相交，所述第一电极端子凸设于所述第一表面，且所述第一电极端子在所述第一方向上不凸出于所述第一表面沿所述第一方向的最外端；
    组装装置，用于将所述电极组件安装于所述外壳内，并使所述第一电极端子与所述电极组件电连接；
    其中，所述外侧面环绕所述电极组件设置。
PCT/CN2021/128461 2021-11-03 2021-11-03 电池单体及其制造方法和制造系统、电池以及用电装置 WO2023077312A1 (zh)

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JP2015185247A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 日立マクセル株式会社 非水電解質二次電池
CN105374958A (zh) * 2014-08-13 2016-03-02 三星Sdi株式会社 二次电池
CN107534101A (zh) * 2015-06-12 2018-01-02 株式会社东芝 电池及组电池
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JP2015185247A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 日立マクセル株式会社 非水電解質二次電池
CN105374958A (zh) * 2014-08-13 2016-03-02 三星Sdi株式会社 二次电池
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CN111430601A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2020-07-17 比亚迪股份有限公司 单体电池、动力电池包及电动车

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