WO2023075748A1 - Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche - Google Patents
Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023075748A1 WO2023075748A1 PCT/US2021/056456 US2021056456W WO2023075748A1 WO 2023075748 A1 WO2023075748 A1 WO 2023075748A1 US 2021056456 W US2021056456 W US 2021056456W WO 2023075748 A1 WO2023075748 A1 WO 2023075748A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- photoconductor drum
- layer
- circumference
- difference
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 238
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 49
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LAQZTCAFWPQEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C LAQZTCAFWPQEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 2
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNELGWHKGNBSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N xanthone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 JNELGWHKGNBSMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N (4e)-4-(ethoxymethylidene)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-one Chemical class O1C(=O)C(=C/OCC)\N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SJHPCNCNNSSLPL-CSKARUKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-QDNHWIQGSA-N 1,2-dideuterioethene Chemical compound [2H]C=C[2H] VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-QDNHWIQGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CO1 FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WELKBINNNXKQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone imine Chemical compound N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 WELKBINNNXKQQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJBGHSJOIQFEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-phenyltriazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)N=N1 XJBGHSJOIQFEIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(C=C)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBFJWYYUVYESMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,3-n,3-n-tetrakis(3-methylphenyl)benzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C=CC=2)N(C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 SBFJWYYUVYESMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n-diphenyl-4-n,4-n-bis[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]benzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 IYZMXHQDXZKNCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQNVFRPAQRVHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,4-n-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1-n,4-n-diphenylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FQNVFRPAQRVHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethenyl)aniline Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BIEFDNUEROKZRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFNXYMSIAASORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)CCCCC1 WFNXYMSIAASORV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIPGWWZOYOEFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxa-7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene Chemical compound O1C2C(CC=C1)S2 QIPGWWZOYOEFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLTSIOOHJBUDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-triphenyl-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLTSIOOHJBUDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGEREJNBGBQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrazole Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=CC1=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)C1 RGEREJNBGBQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEGXLJDYOKKUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dione Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C=CC=C1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 JEGXLJDYOKKUNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-phenylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C(N1C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 ZVFQEOPUXVPSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(3-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 OGGKVJMNFFSDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDTHMESPCBONDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)C=CC1=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 DDTHMESPCBONDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGBCLRRWZQSURU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YGBCLRRWZQSURU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTJZGOONVHNAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTJZGOONVHNAQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFOSRSKYBBSDSK-WGPBWIAQSA-N 4-[(e)-(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1/C=N/N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KFOSRSKYBBSDSK-WGPBWIAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNEPURVJQJNPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-4,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-dienyl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)=CC=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MNEPURVJQJNPQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYYGEUNWFAWPBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)ethylidene]-2,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(=O)C(C)=CC1=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)C(C)=C1 CYYGEUNWFAWPBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFRAJYYHALXFLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 HFRAJYYHALXFLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQTLUXJWUCHKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 SQTLUXJWUCHKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNZWWPCQEYRCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[4-(n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 UNZWWPCQEYRCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXAIEIRYBSKHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-n-(4-phenylphenyl)-n-[4-[4-(4-phenyl-n-(4-phenylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 WXAIEIRYBSKHDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-phenanthroquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-[4-(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)phenyl]carbazole Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 VFUDMQLBKNMONU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethenylanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 OGOYZCQQQFAGRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazol-2-one Chemical class O=C1N=CC=N1 WZELXJBMMZFDDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Imidazolidine Chemical class C1CNCN1 WRYCSMQKUKOKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NPPQSCRMBWNHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meprobamate Chemical compound NC(=O)OCC(C)(CCC)COC(N)=O NPPQSCRMBWNHMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFPSDOXLHBDCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrene-1,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)C=C2)=C3C2=CC=C2C(=O)C=CC1=C32 YFPSDOXLHBDCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100042257 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FMP40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000791876 Selene Species 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004054 acenaphthylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetnaphthylene Natural products C1=CC(C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 HXGDTGSAIMULJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical class C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001907 coumarones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005524 hole trap Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQOZOGAXTACGLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzyl-4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(N(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C)=CC=1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QQOZOGAXTACGLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRKBOPBCDTWDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzyl-4-[(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C=1C=CC(C=NN(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IRKBOPBCDTWDDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHSHLDSZGSBCPB-CKWSZQMZSA-N n,n-dibenzyl-4-[(z)-(diphenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=C1\C=N/N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YHSHLDSZGSBCPB-CKWSZQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJLRPUTAJENDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dibenzyl-4-[4-(dibenzylamino)phenoxy]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C=1C=CC(OC=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SBJLRPUTAJENDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diphenyl-4-[4-(n-phenylanilino)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DCZNSJVFOQPSRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQGTYCVOVMYEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-methylphenyl)-n,2-diphenylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WQGTYCVOVMYEQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYXUHIZLHNDFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-n-methylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1C=NN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QYXUHIZLHNDFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEAPHJPESODIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(9-ethylcarbazol-3-yl)methylideneamino]-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=CC=1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 CEAPHJPESODIQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHGLWMUJQVWWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(C=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZHGLWMUJQVWWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBIWLUOQLPWVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-[naphthalen-1-yl-(1-phenylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)amino]phenyl]phenyl]-n-(1-phenylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)naphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1C=CC=CC1(C=1C=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C2(C=CC=CC2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 MBIWLUOQLPWVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001791 phenazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013034 phenoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006287 phenoxy resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002382 photo conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007979 thiazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKYDCMQQLGECPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[S+]C=C1 OKYDCMQQLGECPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AAAQKTZKLRYKHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/043—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure
- G03G5/047—Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
Definitions
- An image forming apparatus performs image forming on a print medium. For example, an image forming apparatus performs forming an image using a photoconductor drum to generate electrostatic pattern as a latent image for the image.
- the image forming apparatus may use printing material to form the image on a surface such as a surface of a print medium.
- the printing material may be supplied to the electrostatic pattern such as the latent image to form the image that is visible.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus including a photoconductor drum.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of a photoconductor drum in an example process to form an electrophotographic image, according to an example.
- FIGS. 3A through 3C illustrate a cross-sectional view of the layer in the photoconductive body or photoconductor drum according to an example.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example process of forming the layer on the substrate 510, such as a substrate drum, according to an example.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the cross-sectional thickness and alignment of a substrate drum and a layer formed on the substrate drum.
- FIG. 6 illustrates examples of uneven layer thickness of the layer along the circumference of the photoconductor drum.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example cause for a varying or uneven thickness during a dip coating process according to an example.
- FIG. 8 illustrates example alignments of the substrate drum during a dipping coating process, according an example.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a degraded image quality due to an uneven thickness of the layer or a misalignment of the substrate.
- FIG. 10 illustrates examples of a cleaning blade to clean the surface of the photoconductor drum.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a circumferential thickness profile along a circumference of the photoconductor drum at an initial stage and after 200,000 (200K) times of image forming operations, according to an example.
- FIG 12 illustrates an example of determining a thickness variation of the layer along a circumference of the photoconductor drum according to an example.
- FIG. 13 illustrates examples of the layer having the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness around a circumference of the photoconductor drum, according to an example.
- FIG. 14 illustrates example longitudinal positions where circumferential thickness variation as discussed above can be determined at or measured at, according to an example.
- FIG. 15 illustrates different types of cleaning blades applying a force onto the photoconductor drum to detach printing material from the surface of the photoconductor drum according to an example.
- FIG. 16 indicates the flow diagram of a control system regarding a cartridge couplable to an image forming device, according to an example.
- one constituent element when the specification states that one constituent element is "connected to" another constituent element, it includes a case in which the two constituent elements are connected to each other with another constituent element intervened therebetween as well as a case in which the two constituent elements are directly connected to each other.
- the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
- image forming apparatus includes an apparatus that processes image forming data generated at a terminal such as a computer communicating through a wired connection or wirelessly, which may be a computer for personal and/or business use, a remote server communicating data across a network or the internet, and/or a wireless mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet, to perform image forming.
- a terminal such as a computer communicating through a wired connection or wirelessly
- a remote server communicating data across a network or the internet
- a wireless mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet
- electrophotographic image forming apparatuses may be used to form an image, such as hardcopy documents, from electronic data.
- Toner-based image forming apparatuses may be an example.
- a pattern of electric charges is formed corresponding to the image to be printed.
- Printing material such as charged toner particles is then attracted to the image pattern to develop the image.
- the image can then be transferred to a print medium, such as a sheet of paper.
- the toner can then be securely attached to the print medium.
- an image forming apparatus may include some or all of the features described in this disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example of an image forming apparatus 1000 including a photoconductor durm 300.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of the photoconductor drum 300 to form an electrophotographic image.
- the image forming apparatus 1000 may include a body 1 without a cartridge 2 or a body 1 and an image forming cartridge 2 that is attachable to and detachable from the body 1 .
- the cartridge 2 such as cartridges containing toners of different colors, may be couplable to the plurality of cartridge receiving parts of the image forming apparatus 1000.
- the cartridge 2 may be coupled to or removed from the body 1 through an opening to the inside of the image forming apparatus.
- uniform coverage of charges may be initially formed on a photoconductor drum 300.
- the light L or light beam L such as a laser and LED is scanned over the surface of the cylindrical photoconductor drum 300 according to the image to be printed. Where the light illuminates the surface of the photoconductor drum 300, a partially discharged area is formed. These charged and discharged areas together compose a pattern corresponding to the image to be printed.
- Charged toner is then applied to the photoconductor drum 300.
- the charged toner is then driven by electric fields in the latent electrostatic image to the discharged areas on the drum 300, thereby developing the image to be printed.
- the toner image can then be transferred to a print medium 120, such as a transfer belt or a sheet of paper as showin in FIGS. 1 and/or 2, to produce the desired hardcopy document.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of the manner by which an electrophotographic image forming can be accomplished, according to an example.
- the electrophotographic image forming mechanism may include a photoconductor drum 300, which is made from highly photoconductive material that is discharged by light photons.
- the photoconductor drum 300 may also be referred to as a photoreceptor drum 300, photosensitive drum 300, photosensitive body 300, a photoconductor 300, an optical photoconductor 300, or an organic photoconductor 300.
- the photoconductor drum 300 is given a total positive charge or negative charge via a charge roller 110.
- the charge roller 110 is in contact with the drum 300 during image formation on the print medium 120 for precise alignment of the image to be formed on the print medium 120.
- the image forming mechanism shines a light beam such as a laser beam or a LED light beam emanating from the light beam source 102, through a light travel path and onto the surface 106 of the photoconductor drum 300 to discharge certain points in accordance with an image.
- the light beam draws, or scans, the image to be printed as a pattern of electrical charges, which can be referred to as an electrostatic image.
- the photoconductor drum 300 may rotate, as indicated by the arrow 112.
- the image forming mechanism coats the drum 300 with toner, which is a fine powder.
- the toner also may have a positive charge or negative charge, so the toner clings to the discharged areas of the drum 300, but not to the positively or negatively charged background.
- the toner may be transferred to the photoconductive drum 300 by a developer roller 114 that rotates, as indicated by the arrow 116, against the photoconductor drum 300, after having rotated through the toner container 118 to pick up toner.
- the toner may be transfrred to the developer roller 114 by the supply roller 115 from the toner container.
- the developer roller 114 may be in contact with the photoconductor drum 300 during image formation on the print medium 120 for alignment of the image to be formed on the print medium 120. At other times, during non-use, the developer roller 114 may be separated from the photoconductor drum 300.
- the drum 300 rolls over a sheet of print medium 120, which moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 122.
- the print medium 120 may be given a negative charge or a positive charge by the transfer roller 124. This charge is stronger than the charge of the electrostatic image, so the print medium 120 pulls the powder away from the drum 300. Since it is moving at the same speed as the drum 300, the print medium 120 picks up the image pattern exactly.
- the image forming mechanism 100 finally passes the print medium 120 through the fuser 130, which can be a pair of heated rollers 132 and 134 that move in the opposite direction. As the print medium 120 passes through these heated rollers 132 and 134, the loose toner powder melts, fusing with the fibers in the print medium 120. The fuser 130 rolls the print medium 120 to an output tray, providing a printed page.
- the fuser 130 can be a pair of heated rollers 132 and 134 that move in the opposite direction.
- the loose toner powder melts, fusing with the fibers in the print medium 120.
- the fuser 130 rolls the print medium 120 to an output tray, providing a printed page.
- the electrophotographic-image forming mechanism as illustrated in FIG. 2 may be encased within a removable cartridge 2 that can be replaced.
- at least some components of the electrophotographic-image forming mechanism as illustrated in FIG. 2 may be encased within different removable cartridges 2 that can be replaced.
- a variety of cartridge structures may be included in the cartridge 2.
- the removable cartridge 2 can be a toner cartridge 2 containing toner and replaceable when the toner supply of the toner cartridge 2 has been depleted.
- the removable cartridge 2 may include a drum.
- the drum may be the photoconductor drum 300, the developer roller 114, and the charge roller 110, or any roller usable to perform a function for the image forming apparatus 1000 or the cartridge 2.
- the toner container 118 or a corresponding component thereto, the photoconductor drum 300, the developer roller 114, and the charge roller 110 may all be encased within a removable toner cartridge 2. As such, when the toner supply present in the toner container 118 or the corresponding component thereto has been depleted, the toner cartridge 2 is replaced with a new, fresh toner cartridge 2 to continue forming images on print medium 120.
- the cartridge 2 may be an image forming cartridge 2 that includes a developing portion in which the photoconductor drum 300 and the developing roller 114 are mounted, a waste container receiving waste toner removed from the photoconductor drum 300, and a toner containing portion connected to the developing portion and containing toner.
- the photoconductor drum 300 may comprise a substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310 and a layer 320.
- the layer 320 may include a photosensitive layer 321 , which may also be referred as a photoconductive layer 321 or photoconductor layer 321.
- the layer 320 may include a plurality of layers 320, such as different types of layers 320.
- FIGS. 3A through 3C illustrate cross-sectional views of types of the layer in the photoconductive body according to an example.
- the photosensitive body 300 may include a support 310 such as a substrate 310 or substrate drum 310, and the layer 320 including a photosensitive layer 321 .
- the photosensitive body 300 may include a support 310 such as a substrate 310 or substrate drum 310, and the layer 320 that may include a charge generation layer 325 (“CGL”) and/or a charge transfer layer 327 (“CTL”).
- CGL charge generation layer 325
- CTL charge transfer layer 327
- the photosensitive body 300 may include a support 310 such as a substrate 310 or substrate drum 310, and the layer 320 that may include an undercoat layer 323 (“UCL”), a charge generation layer 325 (“CGL”) and/or a charge transfer layer 325 (“CTL”).
- a support 310 such as a substrate 310 or substrate drum 310
- the layer 320 that may include an undercoat layer 323 (“UCL”), a charge generation layer 325 (“CGL”) and/or a charge transfer layer 325 (“CTL”).
- UCL undercoat layer 323
- CGL charge generation layer 325
- CTL charge transfer layer 325
- the electrically conductive substrate 310 may be in the form of a plate, disc, sheet, belt, drum, or the like which may include any conductive material, for example, a metal or an electrically conductive polymer.
- the shape of the substrate 310 may be, for example, a drum being a cylindrical shape having a circular or a substantially circular cross-sectional shape.
- the substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310 may include a conductive material.
- the conductive material may include metal materials such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, vanadium, nickel, copper, zinc, silver, gold, stainless steel, palladium, indium, tin, platinum, titanium, or the like.
- the electrically conductive material may include a polymer such as a polyester resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, and any mixture thereof, or a copolymer of monomers used in preparing the resins described above in which an electrically conductive material such as metal particles, a conductive carbon, tin oxide, indium oxide, or the like may be dispersed.
- an organic polymer sheet or glass sheet on which a metal is deposited or a metal sheet is laminated may be used as the electrically conductive substrate.
- the conductive material may be obtained by laminating or depositing a metal film such as films of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, zinc, silver, gold, stainless steel or titanium, or depositing or coating a layer of a conductive metal oxide such as a conductive polymer, tin oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide, on the surface of polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, nylon such as nylon 6 and nylon 66, and polymer materials such as polystyrene, polycarbonate, a phenol resin and polyimide, hard paper, glass, or the like, may be used.
- a conductive path formed by including the particles of the metal material or the conductive metal oxide in the polymer material may be used.
- the surface of the substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310 may, for example, undergo a positive electrode oxide coat treatment, surface treatment by chemicals, hot water or the like, coloring treatment, or diffuse treatment such as roughening the surface, to the extent not affecting image quality.
- a positive electrode oxide coat treatment surface treatment by chemicals, hot water or the like, coloring treatment, or diffuse treatment such as roughening the surface, to the extent not affecting image quality.
- incident light and reflected light in an organic photosensitive body such as a photoconductor drum 300 may cause interference, and an interference pattern by this interference occurs on the image to cause an image defect.
- an intermediate layer such as a undercoat layer 323 shown in FIG. 3C, may be further included to maintain the electrical properties of the photoconductor body 300 between the photosensitive layer 321 and the substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310.
- the intermediate layer such as the undercoat layer 323, may be formed on the substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310, and may serve to improve image characteristics by hole injection inhibition, improve adhesion of the substrate 310 such as a substrate drum 310 and the photosensitive layer 321 , prevent damages such as dielectric breakdown of the photosensitive layer 321 .
- the photosensitive layer 321 may be formed of a structure including a charge generation layer 325 containing a charge generating material, and a charge transport layer 327 containing a charge transporting material. As such, each of these layer may be responsible for a charge generation function and a charge transport function, based on materials for charge generation and charge transport.
- the charge generation layer 325 may contain a charge generating material to generate charge.
- a material that can be effective for the charge generating material a variety of material types may be implemented, such as an azo-based pigment such as a monoazo-based pigment, a bisazo-based pigment and a trisazo-based pigment; an indigo-based pigment such as indigo and thioindigo; a perylene- based pigment such as perylene imide and perylenic acid anhydride; a polycyclic quinone-based pigment such as anthraquinone and pyrenequinone; a phthalocyanine-based pigment such as metal phthalocyanine and non-metal phthalocyanine; a squarylium coloring agent; pyrylium dyes and thiopyrylium dyes; a triphenylmethane-based coloring agent; inorganic materials such as selene and amorphous silicon.
- an azo-based pigment such as a monoazo-based
- the photosensitive layer 321 or the charge transport layer 327 may contain a charge transport material having a transport ability by accepting charge generated in the charge generating material.
- the charge transport layer 327 may include a charge transporting material and a binder compound to hold or bind the charge transporting material, such as a binder resin.
- the charge transporting material may be to function to form an electrostatic latent image by transferring holes generated from the charge generation layer to a surface of the charge transport layer through a conductive path formed in the charge transport layer by light exposure.
- the charge transporting material may include a hole transporting material for transporting holes and/or an electron transporting material for transporting electrons.
- the hole transporting material may be used as a major component of the charge transporting material. In this case, a small amount of the electron transporting material may be added thereto in order to prevent a hole trap.
- a content of the electron transporting material may be in a range of about 0 to 50 parts by weight, for example, about 5 to 30 parts by weight.
- the charge transporting material may include the hole transporting material which may be included in the charge transport layer, which may be nitrogen containing cyclic compounds or condensed polycyclic compounds such as a hydrazone-based compound, a butadiene-based compound, a benzidine- based compound, a stilbene-based compound, a bisazo-based compound, a pyrene-based compound, a carbazole-based compound, an arylmethane-based compound, a thiazol-based compound, a styryl-based compound, a pyrazoline- based compound, an arylamine-based compound such as a diphenylamine- based compound and triphenylamine-based compound, an oxazole-based compound, an oxadiazole-based compound, a pyrazoline-based compound, a pyrazolone-
- the hole transporting material which may be included in the charge transport layer, which may be nitrogen containing cyclic compounds or condensed polycyclic
- the charge transport material may include a carbazole derivative, a butadiene derivative, an oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, a thiazole derivative, a thiadiazole derivative, a triazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, an imidazolone derivative, an imidazolidine derivative, a bisimidazolidine derivative, a styryl compound, a hydrazone compound, a polycyclic aromatic compound, an indole derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, an oxazolone derivative, a benzimidazole derivative, a quinazoline derivative, a benzofuran derivative, an acridine derivative, a phenazine derivative, an aminostilbene derivative, a triarylamine derivative, a triarylmethane derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, a stilbene derivative, a benzidine derivative, and the like may be listed.
- the above-listed hole transporting material compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the charge transporting material may include N,N'-(((1 E,1'E)- 1 ,4-phenylenebis(ethene-2, 1 -d iy I )) bis(4 , 1 -phenylene))bis(2,4-dimethyl-N-(p- tolyl)aniline).
- the electron transporting material when the electron transporting material is included in the charge transporting material, a variety of types of a usable electron transporting material can be implemented for the performance of the photosensitive body.
- the electron transporting material may include low molecular weight compounds for electron transporting such as a benzoquinone-based compound, a naphthoquinone-based compound, an anthraquinone-based compound, a malononitrile-based compound, a diphenoquinone-based compound, a fluorenone-based compound, a cyanoethylene-based compound, a cyanoquinodimethane-based compound, a xanthone-based compound, a phenanthraquinone-based compound, a phthalic anhydride-based compound, a thiopyran-based compound, a dicyanofluorenonebased compound, a naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide compound, a benzoquinone
- Examples of the hole transporting material may include 1 ,1-bis-(para- diethylaminophenyl)-4,4-diphenyl-1 ,3-butadiene, N,N'-bis(ortho,para- dimethylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-4- methylphenyl-(1 ,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine, N-ethyl-3-carbozolylaldehyde-N,N'- diphenylhydrazone, 4-(N,N-bis(para-toluyl)amino)-betaphenylstilbene, N,N,N',N'- tetrakis(3-methylphenyl)-1 ,3-diaminobenzene, N,N- diethylaminobenzaldehydedipheny
- these hole transporting materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the charge transporting layer may be formed without the binder resin, but usually low molecular materials do not have film-forming characteristics. Therefore, the charge transporting material may be dissolved or dispersed with a binder resin in a solvent to prepare a coating composition (solution or dispersion) for forming a charge transport layer, and then the solution or the dispersion may be coated on the charge generation layer and dried to form the charge transport layer.
- binder resin which may be used for the charge transport layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to an example may include an insulation resin capable of forming a film, such as polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylate (a condensed polymer of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, and so on), polycarbonate, polysulfone, a polyester resin, a phenoxy resin, polyvinyl acetate, an acrylic resin, a polyacrylamide resin, polyamide, polyvinyl pyridine, a cellulose- based resin, a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, polystyrene, polyketone, polyvinyl chloride, a vinyl chloride-vinyliacetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetal, polyacrylonitrile, a phenolic resin, a melamine resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and an organic photoconductive polymer, such as poly N-vinyl carbazo
- a polycarbonate resin may be used as the binder resin for a charge transport layer.
- polycarbonate resin polycarbonate-A derived from bisphenol A or polycarbonate-C derived from methylbisphenol-A, and polycarbonate-Z derived from cyclohexylidene bisphenol may be used.
- Polycarbonate-Z may have a high wear resistance.
- These binder resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a solvent used in preparation of a coating composition for forming a charge transport layer may vary according to a type of the used binder resin, and may preferably be selected in such a way that it does not affect the charge generation layer formed underneath.
- the solvent may be, for example, hydrocarbons such as hexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, ligroin, monochlorobenzene, and dichlorobenzene; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl cellosolve; halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, and trichloroethylene; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane,
- a protective layer may be formed on the photosensitive layer 321 or the charge transport layer 327 to protect the photosensitive layer 321 or the charge transport layer 327.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an example process of forming the layer 320 on the substrate 310, such as a substrate drum 310.
- the layer 320 can be formed on the substrate 310 using a dip-coating method.
- the substrate 310 may be dipped into a coating solution and pulled out to form the coating layer 320.
- the rate of pulling the substrate from the coating solution may influence or may be a factor for the thickness of the coating layer 320.
- a precise controlling may be needed to maintain the rate to be constant enough to form the layer 320.
- a manufacturer has been producing a photoconductor drum 300 to have a consistent or even thickness of the coating layer 320 and/or by aligning the substrate drum 310 and the layer 320 to be centered and/or symmetrical according to the cross-sectional center of the substrate drum 310.
- the manufacturer has been producing a photoconductor drum 300 to have the thickness of the layer 320 to be within an effective range indicating a substantial uniformity in the thickness and/or the alignment.
- the alignment between the substrate drum 310 has been controlled to be within an effective range indicating a substantially centered and alignment, such as a parallel alignment along the axis of the substrate drum 310 in a cylindrical form.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the cross-sectional thickness and alignment being within the corresponding effective ranges according to the manufacturer’s product quality standard.
- forming the consistent thickness of the layer 320 and/or the alignment to be aligned, centered, or symmetrical according to the cross-sectional center of the substrate drum 310 may increase production cost, add complexity to the process, and/or generate higher frequency of defects and/or higher amounts of wastes.
- the thickness consistency and/or the alignment between the substrate drum 310 and the layer 320 deviates from the corresponding effective ranges, a degradation in the quality of the image formed or being formed may occur.
- inconsistencies such as an uneven surface, uneven formation of an electrostatic pattern or image, and/or a disruption in transferring printing material to an electrostatic pattern or image or forming an image with the printing material may occur.
- FIG. 6 illustrates examples of uneven layer thickness types of the layer 320 along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300.
- the thickness of the layer 320 may vary.
- a surface unevenness may occur during the formation of the layer 320, for example, during a dip coating process, such as an indentation, a blob, or varied layer thicknesses.
- the thickness along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may vary.
- a cross-sectional area of the photoconductor may indicate varying thicknesses.
- a varying thickness or uneven thickness of the layer 320 may occur depending on causes during the layer forming process, which may affect a part of an image forming process by the photoconductor drum 300.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example cause for a varying or uneven thickness during a dip coating process.
- the substrate 310 may be dipped into a coating solution 351 contained in a coating cylinder 350 or a coating container 350 in a cylinder shape, and the layer 320 during the dip coating process is formed with respect to the axis, center, or axial center of the substrate 310 being dipped.
- the layer 320 may be formed symmetrically or substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis, center, or axial center of the substrate 310.
- a varying thickness or uneven thickness of the layer 320 may occur.
- FIG. 8 illustrates example alignments of the substrate drum 310 during the dip coating process, which may result in a varying thickness or an uneven thickness of the layer 320 according an example.
- the alignment of the substrate 310 may not be aligned with respect to the coating cylinder 350 or the coating solution container 350 in a cylinder shape and containing coating solution 351 , and a resulting thickness over a substrate drum 310 or along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may vary along circumferential direction.
- the center or the axis of the substrate 310 may be off-centered or not aligned parallel with respect to the center or the axis of the photoconductor drum 300.
- the off-centered substrate 310 or the misaligned substrate 310 may result in a varying thickness or an uneven thickness of the layer 320.
- the varying thickness or the uneven thickness may be relative to an orientation of the photoconductor drum 300, due to, for example, its rotation with respect to an axis of the photoconductor drum 300.
- an uneven thickness of the layer 320 or misalignment of the substrate 310 or the layer 320 with respect to an axis or center of the photoconductor drum 300 may cause a degradation in the image quality of an image forming apparatus or the operation of the image forming apparatus.
- the uneven thickness of the layer 320 or the misaligned substrate 310 or the misaligned layer 320 may cause uneven pressing force or pressure onto a surface exerted by the photoconductor drum 300, may cause additional friction on a portion of the photoconductor drum causing an uneven wear and tear, may place additional or excessive load to a motor rotating the photoconductor drum, and/or may cause a degraded, inferior or inconsistent quality of an image being formed by the photoconductor drum 300.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a degraded image quality due to an uneven thickness of the layer 320 or misalignment of the substrate 310.
- the degraded image with inconsistent color density occurred as shown.
- an effect of uneven thickness of the layer 320 of the photoconductor 300 may present or persist for a period such as a lifespan of the photoconductor drum.
- FIG. 10 illustrates examples of a cleaning blade to clean the surface of the photoconductor drum 300.
- different types of cleaning blades may include a screw type cleaning blade on the left in FIG. 10 and a spring type cleaning blade on the right in FIG. 10.
- the layer 320 may get thinner or worn due to repeated contacts or frictions when contacting another surface such as a cleaning blade.
- An effect of uneven thickness of the layer 320 may present or persist over the time period of usage and after the layer 320 gets thinner or worn after repeated uses.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a circumferential thickness profile along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 at an initial stage (e.g., before the photoconductor drum is initially used for an image forming operation) and after 200,000 (200K) times of image forming operations (e.g., forming an image on a print medium 200,000 times).
- an initial stage e.g., before the photoconductor drum is initially used for an image forming operation
- 200K 200,000
- a photoconductor drum 300 Due to an effect of uneven thickness of the layer 320 or a misaligned substrate 310 with respect to the center or the axis of a photoconductor drum, a photoconductor drum 300 has been produced to have even thickness or substantially even thickness of the layer 320 and/or to have symmetrically aligned or substantially symmetrically aligned substrate 310 with respect to the center or the axis of the photoconductor drum, to avoid the effect of the uneven thickness of the layer 320 or the misaligned substrate 310.
- Producing a photoconductor drum having the even thickness or the substantially even thickness of the layer 320 and/or the aligned or substantially aligned substrate 310 demands a relatively higher level of a precise and/or complex control of different variables and/or parameters.
- producing a photoconductor drum having the even thickness or the substantially even thickness of the layer 320 and/or the aligned or substantially aligned substrate 310 may incur relatively higher production cost and result in a relatively higher error rate or defect rate and may result in relatively higher number of photoconductor drums with the thickness evenness or unevenness and/or the substrate alignment or misalignment.
- a defect rate of photoconductor drums under a standard based on the even thickness or the substantially even thickness of the layer 320 and/or the aligned or substantially aligned substrate 310 may be about 40% to about 60% of a total produced batch of photoconductor drums 300.
- from about 40% to about 60% of the photoconductor drums may be regarded as defective photoconductor drums and may be discarded, which makes the production of a photoconductor drum costly and generates high volumes of wastes that may not be preferable for the environment.
- a photoconductive drum having a certain pattern of varied thickness of the layer 320 and/or a certain pattern of varied alignment of the substrate with respect to the center or the axis of a photoconductor drum 300 may mitigate, overcome, or suppress the effect of uneven thickness of the layer 320 or a misaligned substrate 310 and may preserve a level of image quality being formed.
- a photoconductive drum which may not have as the even thickness or as the substantially even thickness of the layer 320 and/or as the aligned or as the substantially aligned substrate 310 as anticipated, but which may have a certain pattern of varied thickness of the layer 320 and/or a certain pattern of varied alignment of the substrate with respect to the center or the axis of a photoconductor drum 300, may mitigate, overcome, or suppress the effect of uneven thickness of the layer 320 or a misaligned substrate 310 and preserve a level of image quality being formed.
- a photoconductive drum having a certain pattern of varied thickness of the layer 320 and/or a certain pattern of varied alignment of the substrate with respect to the center or the axis of a photoconductor drum 300 may not demand the level of precision or complexity in producing the photoconductor drum with the even coating thickness the substrate 310 alignment. Accordingly, it has been unexpectedly found that producing a photoconductor drum 300 that may have the certain pattern of varied thickness of the layer 320 and/or the certain pattern of varied alignment of the substrate 310 may increase the production efficiency and may reduce a defect rate.
- the defect rate in the batch of photoconductor drums may be reduced from the about 40% to about 60 % of the batch to about 10% or less of the batch when photoconductor drums 300 are produced to have the certain pattern of varied thickness of the layer 320 and/or the certain pattern of varied alignment of the substrate 310.
- evenness or unevenness of thickness of the layer 320 over the substrate 310, or alignment or misalignment of the substrate 310 with respect to an axis or center of the photoconductor drum 300 may be determined or estimated in a variety of ways.
- the alignment of or the misalignment, or the evenness or the unevenness may be determined or estimated by measuring thicknesses along a length of the photoconductor drum 300, and/or in a longitudinal direction or an axial direction of the photoconductor drum.
- the alignment of or the misalignment, or the evenness or unevenness may be determined or estimated by measuring thicknesses along a circumference or in a circumferential direction of the photoconductor drum 300.
- the alignment of or the misalignment, or the evenness or unevenness may be determined or estimated by measuring thicknesses at an interval along a length of the photoconductor drum 300, and/or in a longitudinal direction or an axial direction of the photoconductor drum.
- the alignment of or the misalignment, or the evenness or the unevenness may be determined or estimated by measuring thicknesses at an interval along a circumference or in a circumferential direction of the photoconductor drum 300.
- an image forming apparatus 1000 may include a cartridge 2 decouplably coupled to the image forming apparatus 1000, the cartridge 2 including a photoconductor drum 300 having a substrate drum 310 and a layer 320 formed on a surface of the substrate drum 310, wherein a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness among thicknesses of the layer 320 over a length along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of a plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at an interval around the circumference may be less than about 2 micrometer (pm).
- pm micrometer
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness among the thicknesses of the layer 320 over the length along the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of the plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at the interval around the circumference may be equal to or less than about 1 .8 micrometer (pm).
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness may be more than about 0.3 pm.
- a thickness difference between a thickest thickness and a thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be from about 0.3 pm to about 3.0 pm.
- a thickness difference between a thickest thickness and a thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be more than about 3.0 pm, and the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness may be equal to or less than about 0.9 pm.
- the length along the circumference is proportional to a central angle of about 45° corresponding to the circumference.
- the interval may be proportional to a central angle of about 15° corresponding to the circumference.
- a longitudinal position of the circumference on the photoconductor drum 300 may be at least one position among: a center longitudinal position of the photoconductor drum 300; a right longitudinal position at a distance in a right direction from the center longitudinal position; or a left longitudinal position at the distance in a left direction from the center longitudinal position.
- the distance may be based on a maximum size of a print medium onto which the image forming apparatus 1000 is to form an image.
- a cartridge 2 coupleable to an image forming apparatus 1000 may comprise a photoconductor drum 300 having a substrate drum 310 and a layer 320 formed on a surface of the substrate drum 310, where a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness among thicknesses of the layer 320 over a length along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of a plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at an interval around the circumference may be from about 0.3 micrometer (pm) to about 2 pm.
- pm micrometer
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness among the thicknesses of the layer 320 over the length along the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of the plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at the interval around the circumference may be from about 0.3 micrometer (pm) to about 1.8 pm.
- a thickness difference between a thickest thickness and a thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be from about 0.3 pm to about 3.0 pm. According to an example, the thickness difference between the thickest thickness and the thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may more than about 3.0 pm, and the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness may be equal to or less than about 0.9 pm.
- the length along the circumference may be proportional to a central angle of about 45° corresponding to the circumference, and the interval may be proportional to a central angle of about 15° corresponding to the circumference.
- a longitudinal position of the circumference on the photoconductor drum 300 may be at least one position among: a center longitudinal position of the photoconductor drum 300; a right longitudinal position at a distance in a right direction from the center longitudinal position; or a left longitudinal position at the distance in a left direction from the center longitudinal position, where the distance is based on a maximum size of print medium 120 onto which the image forming apparatus 1000 is to form an image.
- a method such as a method of producing a cartridge 2 or a method of assembling a cartridge 2 may include disposing a photoconductor drum 300 in a cartridge 2 coupleable to an image forming apparatus 1000 to develop an image on a print medium 120, the photoconductor drum 300 including a substrate drum 310 and a layer 320 formed on a surface of the substrate drum 310, when the photoconductor drum 300 satisfies a first threshold where a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness among thicknesses of the layer 320 over a length along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of a plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at an interval around the circumference from about 0.3 micrometer (pm) to about 2 pm.
- a first threshold where a difference between a maximum thickness and a minimum thickness among thicknesses of the layer 320 over a length along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of a plurality of positions on the layer
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness among the thicknesses of the layer 320 over the length along the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 starting from each respective position of the plurality of positions on the layer 320 located consecutively at the interval around the circumference may be from about 0.3 micrometer (pm) to about 1 .8 pm.
- the disposing the photoconductor drum 300 in the cartridge 2 further comprises disposing the photoconductor drum 300 in the cartridge 2 when the photoconductor drum satisfies a second threshold where a thickness difference between a thickest thickness and a thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 is from about 0.3 pm to about 3.0 pm, or disposing the photoconductor drum 300 in the cartridge 2 when the photoconductor drum 300 satisfies a third threshold where the thickness difference between the thickest thickness and the thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 is more than about 3.0 pm, and the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness is equal to or less than about 0.9 pm.
- the method may further include identifying the photoconductor drum 300 as being defective to be placed in the cartridge 2 when the photoconductor drum 300 satisfies a fourth threshold where the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness is more than about 2 pm, when the thickness difference between the thickest thickness and the thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 is from about 0.3 pm to about 3.0 pm, or the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness is more than about 0.9 pm, when the thickness difference between a thickest thickness and a thinnest thickness around the circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 is more than about 3.0 pm.
- a variation range of the thickness of the layer 320 along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be determined by measuring or determining a thickness variation in circumferential sub-sections of the circumference.
- a variation range of the thickness along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be determined by measuring or determining thickness variations along lengths of the circumferential segments along the circumference.
- a plurality of positions on a surface of the layer 320 along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 can divide the circumference into equal subsections having the equal central angle of the circumference ora cross-sectional area that is substantially circular in shape, and thickness variations based on a subsection or a position, such as a single subsection or subsections, can be measured, analyzed, estimated or determined to determine the acceptability or the operability of the photoconductor drum.
- the plurality of positions on the surface of the layer 320 and along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may divide the circumference into subsections at an interval corresponding to the central angle. Then the thickness variation of the layer 320 over a circumferential length corresponding to a subsection, such as a single subsection or subsections, may be measured or determined.
- FIG 12 illustrates an example of determining a thickness variation of the layer 320 along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 according to an example.
- the plurality of positions at 0° (360°), 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 90° to 105°, 105° to 120°, 135°, 150°, 165°, 180°, 195°, 210°, 225°, 240°, 255°, 270°, 285°, 300°, 315°, 330°, 345° on the surface of the layer 320 and along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may divide the circumference into the following subsections at an interval corresponding to the central angle of 15°: 0° to 15°, 15° to 30°, 30° to 45°, 45° to 60°, 60° to 75°, 75° to 90°, 90° to 105°, 105° to 120°, 120° to 135°, 135
- the thickness variation of the layer 320 over a circumferential length corresponding to a subsection may be measured or determined.
- the thickness variation of the layer 320 over 0° to 15°, 0° to 30°, 0° to 45°, 0° to 60°, or more can be measured or determined.
- the thickness variation of the layer 320 over 0° to 15°, 0° to 30°, 0° to 45°, 0° to 60°, or more can be measured or determined. For example, referring to FIG.
- the thickness variation over the following circumferential segments or lengths may be measured: The thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 0°(360°) to 45°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 15° to 60°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 30° to 75°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 45° to 90°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 60° to 105°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 75° to 120°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 90° to 135°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 105° to 150°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 120° to 165°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 135° to 180°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 150° to 195°, the thickness variation over the circumferential segment or length of 165° to 210°, the thickness variation over the circumferential
- a difference (5) between the maximum thickness of the layer 320 in each respective segment or length listed above can be measured or determined as follows:
- SA Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 0°(360°) to 45°
- bB Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 15° to 60°
- bC Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 30° to 75°
- bD Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 45° to 90°
- bE Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 60° to 105°
- bF Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 75° to 120°
- bG Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 90° to 135°
- bH Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of
- bW Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 330° to 15°
- bX Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 over the circumferential segment or length of 345° to 30°.
- the thickness differences can be determined as follows:
- bE Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 60° to 105°
- bF Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 75° to 120°
- bG Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 90° to 135°
- bH Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 105° to 150°
- bl Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bJ Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 135° to 180°
- bK Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 150° to 195°
- bL Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 165° to 210°
- bM Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 180° to 225°
- bN Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bO Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 210° to 255°
- bP Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 225° to 270°
- SR Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 255° to 300°,
- bV Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 315° to 360° (0°),
- bW Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 330° to 15°
- bX Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 345° to 30°.
- a thickness difference between the thickest thickness and the thinnest thickness among the thickness of the layer 320 along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 may be measured and determined to further determine the operability of the photoconductor drum 300.
- FIG. 13 illustrates examples of the layer 320 having the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness around a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300.
- the thickest thickness of the layer 320 may be at about the 90° position and the thinnest thickness may be at about the 270° position.
- a thickness difference between the thicknesses at about the 90° position and at about the 270° position may be obtained in Example A1 of FIG. 13.
- determining thickness variations along a circumference of the photoconductor drum 300 can be determined or measured over a circumference at a longitudinal position of the photoconductor drum 300.
- FIG. 14 illustrates example longitudinal positions, in which the circumferential thickness variation as discussed above can be determined at or measured at.
- the longitudinal position P2 is a longitudinal center or middle position where the circumferential thickness variation along a circumference can be determined or measured at one of the longitudinal positions.
- P1 and/or P3 are the right end position or the left end position of an effective image forming area, where the photoconductor drum 300 is operated to form an image.
- P1 position and/or P3 position can be determined based on a size of a print medium, such as the width of the print medium 120 that is to pass by the photoconductor drum 300.
- the size, such as the width can be determined based on the maximum size of the print medium 120 the image forming apparatus 1000 can process to form an image onto.
- FIG. 15 illustrates different types of cleaning blades applying a force onto the photoconductor drum 300 to detach printing material from the surface of the photoconductor drum 300.
- a free length (Fz) for a spring type cleaning blade can be determined or calculated using the following equation below:
- Fx Fs*Ls/Lb where, Fx represents the free length, Fs represents the spring force, Ls represents the distance between the lever and the spring, and Lb represents the distance between lever and the tip of the cleaning blade.
- the image forming apparatus 1000 may be controlled to form an image on an image forming apparatus.
- the image forming apparatus 1000 may include a controller 3000 to control to output information.
- a message may be presented on a screen of the user interface 1010 regarding the status of an image forming operation and/or the status of the cartrige 2 including the photoconductor drum 300.
- the output may be in any form of feedback presented through the user interface 1010, or a sound generated by the user interface 1010 or the output device 1020 including a speaker, which may also provide a user information regarding the coupling status or the cartridge coupling status of the separation of the cartridge 2 from the cartridge receiving part 20.
- the user interface 1010 and output device 1020 may be combined as a single device where the user interface 1010 includes the output device 1020 or vice versa.
- photoconductor drums 300 having an aluminum drum as the substrate drum 310 and the layer 320 including the undercoat layer 323, the charge generation layer 325, and the charge transport layer 327 were prepared.
- an aluminum drum a cylindrical drum having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 360 mm
- charge generation layer 325 With respect to the weight of the slurry for the charge generation layer 325 formation, 20 parts by weight of a charge-generating material (y-TiOPc, titanyloxy phthalocyanine), 13 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name; S-LEC BX-1 , manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) that was used as a binder resin for a charge generation layer 325, and 635 parts by weight of solvent (tetrahydrofurane) were mixed by sand-milling for 2 hours and then dispersed with ultrasonic waves to prepare a slurry for forming a charge generation layer.
- a charge-generating material y-TiOPc, titanyloxy phthalocyanine
- polyvinyl butyral resin trade name; S-LEC BX-1 , manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.
- solvent tetrahydrofurane
- the slurry for forming a charge generation layer was dip-coated on the drum with an undercoat layer 323 coated thereon, and then dried at a temperature of 120°C for 20 minutes to form a charge generation layer 325 having a thickness of about 0.3 pm.
- charge transport material (Trade name : CT-204S, manufactured by IT-Chem Co., Ltd.) and 40 parts by weight of the first binder resin (trade name; H-500, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan) and 10 parts by weight of the second binder resin (trade name; EH-503, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan) were dissolved in 360 parts by weight of a THF/toluene co-solvent (a weight ratio of 4:1) to prepare a coating composition for forming a charge transport layer.
- a THF/toluene co-solvent a weight ratio of 4:1
- CT-204S by IT-Chem is N,N'-(((1 E,1'E)-1 ,4-phenylenebis(ethene-2,1- diyl))bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(2,4-dimethyl-N- (p-tolyl)aniline) and may have the following molecular structure:
- the first binder resin (trade name; H-500, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan) may have the following molecular structure:
- the second binder resin (trade name; EH-503, manufactured by
- Idemitsu Kosan may have the following molecular structure:
- the conductive support including the charge generation layer obtained according to the above-discussed layer formation process was dip-coated in the coating composition for forming a charge transport layer to coat the coating composition on the conductive support, and then, dried at a temperature of 120°C for 30 minutes to form a charge transport layer.
- the distance between the center of the coating cylinder 350 and the center of the substrate drum 310 was set at 1 mm, 2mm, and 3mm respectively.
- Thicknesses of the layer 320 (including the undercoat layer 323, the charge generation layer 325 and the charge transport layer 327) was measured.
- Thicknesses of the layer 320 manufactured by the above process was measured using Fisher's FMP40. The same pressure was applied using a motor-driven jig to reduce the measurement error that occurs when measured by human.
- the average axial thickness was calculated based on the measurements taken at respective positions at every 5 mm interval in the longitudinal or axial direction corresponding to the width of the paper as the print medium.
- the thickensses along the circumferential direction was measured at respective positions every 15 degree along circumferences at the three points P1 , P2, P3 corresponding to the print medium width as discussed above as an example referring to FIG. 14.
- the thickness difference between the thickest thickness and the thinnest thickness were measured along the corresponding circumference at 180° point and assigned one of the following Align Level 1 , 2, or 3.
- the thickness difference is expressed in level by measuring the thickness of the position at 180 degrees for the position where the maximum thickness measured in P1 , P2, and P3.
- Align Level 1 about 0.3 pm ⁇ about 1 ,2pm;
- Align Level 2 about 1 ,3pm ⁇ about 2.2pm;
- bA Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 0°(360°) to 45°
- bB Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 15° to 60°
- bC Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 30° to 75°
- bD Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 45° to 90°
- bE Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bF Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 75° to 120°
- bG Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 90° to 135°
- bH Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 105° to 150°
- bl Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 120° to 165°
- bJ Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bK Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 150° to 195°
- bL Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 165° to 210°
- bM Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 180° to 225°
- bN Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 195° to 240°
- SO Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bP Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 225° to 270°
- bQ Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 240° to 285°
- SR Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 255° to 300°
- bS Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG.
- bT Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 285° to 330°
- bll Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 300° to 345°
- bV Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 315° to 360° (0°)
- bW Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 330° to 15°
- bX Difference between the maximum thickness and minimum thickness of the layer 320 among the four position thicknesses as shown in FIG. 12 at 345° to 30°.
- Rank B Can slightly observe defect of the photoconductor cycle by human eye, but no difference in image density when measured by the spectrophotometer.
- Rank C Can observe defect of the photoconductor cycle by human eye and 0.01-0.1 difference of image density when measured by the spectrophotometer.
- Rank D Can observe defect of the photoconductor cycle by human eye and 0.1 -0.3 difference of image density when measured by the spectrophotometer.
- Rank E Can observe defect of the photoconductor cycle by human eye and more than 0.3 difference of image density when measured by the spectrophotometer.
- the axial average thickness was about 28 pm, about 33 pm, about 36 pm, respectively.
- the alignment level was 1 through 3
- the maximum value among SA through bX at P1 , P2, and P3 positions was equal to or less than about 1 .8 pm
- the Examples did not exhibit image defects under spring type test 1 conditions and screw type test 2 cleaning conditions, tests 3 conditions, and test 4 conditions.
- the alignment level was 4, and when the maximum value among SA through bX at P1 , P2, and P3 positions was equal to or less than 0.9 pm, the Example images did not exhibit image defects under spring type test 1 conditions and screw type test 2 cleaning conditions, tests 3 conditions, and test 4 conditions.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Un appareil de formation d'image peut comprendre une cartouche couplée à l'appareil de formation d'image. La cartouche peut comprendre un tambour photoconducteur comportant un tambour de substrat et une couche formée sur une surface du tambour de substrat, une différence entre une épaisseur maximale et une épaisseur minimale parmi les épaisseurs de la couche sur une longueur s'étendant le long d'une circonférence du tambour photoconducteur à partir de chaque position respective d'une pluralité de positions sur la couche qui sont successivement situées à intervalles autour de la circonférence étant d'environ 0,3 micromètre (pm) à environ 1,8 micromètre (pm) ou d'environ 0,3 micromètre (pm) à environ 0,9 micromètre (pm).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2021/056456 WO2023075748A1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2021/056456 WO2023075748A1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023075748A1 true WO2023075748A1 (fr) | 2023-05-04 |
Family
ID=86158381
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2021/056456 WO2023075748A1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2023075748A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020067931A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-06-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image forming method |
US20020119381A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2002-08-29 | Satoru Motohashi | Photosensitive member and cleaning apparatus |
US20030087175A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Novel intermediate transfer member for electrophotographic process |
RU2430395C2 (ru) * | 2007-03-28 | 2011-09-27 | Кэнон Кабусики Кайся | Электрофотографический фоточувствительный элемент, драм-картридж и электрофотографическое устройство |
-
2021
- 2021-10-25 WO PCT/US2021/056456 patent/WO2023075748A1/fr unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020119381A1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2002-08-29 | Satoru Motohashi | Photosensitive member and cleaning apparatus |
US20020067931A1 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-06-06 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Image forming method |
US20030087175A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-08 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Novel intermediate transfer member for electrophotographic process |
RU2430395C2 (ru) * | 2007-03-28 | 2011-09-27 | Кэнон Кабусики Кайся | Электрофотографический фоточувствительный элемент, драм-картридж и электрофотографическое устройство |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9507282B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus provided with the same | |
KR100538657B1 (ko) | 전자사진감광체 | |
US9316933B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus including the same | |
WO2023075748A1 (fr) | Tambour photoconducteur doté d'une couche | |
US20150160572A1 (en) | Coating solution for forming charge transport layer, electrophotographic photoreceptor prepared therewith and image forming apparatus comprising the same | |
JP3823344B2 (ja) | 電子写真感光体、電子写真装置及び装置ユニット | |
JPH07295340A (ja) | 電子写真感光体、該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 | |
JP4114759B2 (ja) | 電子写真感光体とそれを用いた画像形成装置及びプロセスカートリッジ | |
JPH10254160A (ja) | 電子写真用感光体とそれを用いた画像形成方法及び装置 | |
US20220214628A1 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of suppressing micro-jitter image defect | |
US20230288827A1 (en) | Photosensitive body including protective layer | |
JP2010250174A (ja) | 電子写真感光体およびそれを用いた画像形成装置 | |
JP2003228183A (ja) | 電子写真感光体および画像形成装置 | |
JP4066291B2 (ja) | 電子写真感光体とそれを用いた画像形成装置、画像形成方法及びプロセスカートリッジ | |
KR20200037703A (ko) | 전자사진 감광체, 및 이 전자사진 감광체를 포함하는 전자사진 카트리지 및 전자사진 화상형성장치 | |
JP2003195539A (ja) | 画像形成装置および画像形成方法 | |
US9411251B2 (en) | Photoconductor containing a charge transport layer having an arylamine hole transport material | |
JPH11338177A (ja) | 電子写真装置 | |
KR20130067664A (ko) | 수명 특성 및 대전 균일성이 우수한 전자사진 감광체 및 이를 채용한 전자사진 화상형성장치와 전자사진 카트리지 | |
JPH0950143A (ja) | 電子写真感光体、電子写真装置及び装置ユニット | |
JP2015114348A (ja) | 電荷輸送層形成用塗布液、それを用いた電子写真感光体および画像形成装置 | |
JP2002244311A (ja) | 電子写真感光体及びそれを用いた画像形成装置、プロセスカートリッジ | |
JPH08334908A (ja) | 電子写真感光体、電子写真装置及び装置ユニット | |
JP2000276003A (ja) | 電子写真無端ベルト感光体、及び該感光体を用いた電子写真画像形成方法、電子写真画像形成装置、感光体カートリッジ | |
JP2000162803A (ja) | 画像形成装置とそれに用いる電子写真感光体 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21962687 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |