WO2023072300A1 - 一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆 - Google Patents

一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072300A1
WO2023072300A1 PCT/CN2022/128968 CN2022128968W WO2023072300A1 WO 2023072300 A1 WO2023072300 A1 WO 2023072300A1 CN 2022128968 W CN2022128968 W CN 2022128968W WO 2023072300 A1 WO2023072300 A1 WO 2023072300A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
connecting shaft
indicating
chain
braking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/128968
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈彩瑜
白雪
杨辉
吴荣坤
张立国
周正权
Original Assignee
中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
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Application filed by 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司
Publication of WO2023072300A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023072300A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/02—Hand or other personal actuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61H—BRAKES OR OTHER RETARDING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAIL VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR DISPOSITION THEREOF IN RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61H13/00—Actuating rail vehicle brakes
    • B61H13/34—Details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a braking system, an indicating device for vehicle braking release state and a vehicle.
  • Container transportation is an advanced mode of transportation. It has the advantages of high transportation efficiency, low transportation cost, convenient intermodal transportation, less cargo damage, and door-to-door. It is the main mode of modern logistics and multimodal transportation, and has been widely adopted by countries all over the world.
  • the hand brake system is a braking system that brakes the vehicle when it is parked to prevent the vehicle from moving. It is mainly a device that applies the braking force of the hand brake to the steering brake shoe through devices such as pull rods, levers or chains.
  • the bogie foundation brake connected with the hand brake system can be divided into lever brake and integrated brake.
  • the hand brake lever connection point of lever brake is set in the middle or one side of the car body, and the hand brake of integrated brake
  • the lever is generally set on one side of the integrated brake assembly, and the hand brake of the boxing flat car is generally set on both sides of the vehicle, which is convenient for the operator to use. Reasonable arrangement in limited space.
  • the hand brake In the braking system of the existing technology of container flat cars, the hand brake is arranged on both sides of the car body, connected with the connection point of the hand brake lever through a pull rod or chain, and then converted by a horizontal lever, and connected to the chain of the hand brake .
  • the gap between the car body and the bogie is very small, and the tie rod or chain may interfere with the axle of the bogie, affecting driving safety.
  • the operator cannot accurately judge whether the handbrake brake is in place only by the tightness of the handwheel chain of the handbrake when observing, and when the handbrake force is not enough, it will affect the parking safety of the vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a braking system.
  • the brake system includes a hand brake, a pull rod and operating components.
  • the hand brake includes a brake chain, and the hand brake chain extends toward the integrated brake assembly.
  • One end of the pull rod is connected to the brake
  • the moving chain is hinged, and the other end is hinged with the brake lever of the integrated brake assembly.
  • the connecting end of the brake lever, the pull rod and the brake chain are roughly distributed along the longitudinal direction, and the operating part is arranged on the vehicle body. and connected with the hand brake, the rotation of the operating part can drive the brake chain to tighten or loosen.
  • the pull rod includes a pull rod body and a vertical lever, the upper end of the vertical lever is hinged to the middle sill, the lower end is hinged to the brake chain, one end of the pull rod body is hinged to the brake lever, and the other end is hinged to the brake lever. Hinged to the middle of the vertical lever.
  • a U-shaped first connector is fixed at one end of the pull rod body, and an annular connecting portion is formed between the first connecting head and the pull rod body, and a chain shoe ring passing through the connecting portion is also included.
  • the chain shoe ring is hinged with the brake lever; the other end of the pull rod body is hinged with a U-shaped second joint, and the open end of the second joint is hinged with the vertical lever.
  • the operating part includes a brake hand wheel and a release handle respectively connected to the hand brake, the rotation of the brake hand wheel can drive the brake chain to tighten, and the rotation of the release handle can Drive the brake chain loose.
  • it also includes a braking connection shaft, a relief connection shaft, and a mounting bracket, the inner side of the mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the web of the center beam, and the braking connection shaft and the relief connection shaft have One end is connected with the hand brake, and the other end is connected with the braking hand wheel and the relief handle through the mounting plate outside the mounting bracket respectively.
  • the mounting plate is provided with two mounting holes, wear sleeves are fixed at corresponding positions of the mounting holes, the braking connecting shaft and the releasing connecting shaft pass through the corresponding mounting holes, and The corresponding wear sleeve is relatively rotatably supported.
  • a mounting base for fixing the hand brake is also included, and the mounting base is fixedly connected with the web of the middle beam.
  • the number of the operating components is two, and the two operating components are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle body and are linked together.
  • the indicating device for indicating the braking release state of the vehicle
  • the indicating device includes a transmission member, an indicating connecting shaft and an indicating member, the indicating connecting shaft is pivotally mounted on the vehicle body along the transverse direction, the One end of the transmission member is fixedly connected to the brake chain, and the other end is fixedly connected to the indicating connecting shaft.
  • the indicating member is located on the side of the vehicle body where the operating part is arranged and is fixed to the indicating connecting shaft. .
  • the indicating connecting shaft there is a preset angle between the indicating connecting shaft and the transmission member, and when the braking chain is in a loose state, the indicating member is in a horizontal position.
  • the indicating connection shaft can drive the indicating member to point to the tightening state mark or the loosening state mark marked on the display member.
  • a mounting bracket for fixing the operation part is also included;
  • the display part and the mounting plate on the outside of the mounting bracket are integrally structured, and the center beam and the outer wall are provided with via holes at corresponding positions, and also include wear sleeves arranged on the center beam and the outer wall,
  • the indicating connecting shaft passes through the corresponding through hole and is relatively rotatably supported on the corresponding wear sleeve.
  • the number of the operating components is two, and the two operating components are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle body and linked together;
  • the indicating connecting shaft spans both sides of the vehicle body, and includes a left connecting shaft, an intermediate connecting shaft and a right connecting shaft axially connected.
  • the indicating member is fixed, and a connecting hole is provided in the middle of the intermediate connecting shaft for connecting the transmission member. There is a preset angle between the axial direction of the connecting hole and the axial direction of the indicating connecting shaft.
  • one end of the transmission member is connected to the braking chain through a figure-of-sight ring, and the position of the figure-of-sight ring fixed to the transmission member is adjustable;
  • the position of the transmission member fixed on the indicating connecting shaft is adjustable.
  • a counterweight is provided on the back side of the indicator.
  • the present invention also provides an indicator device for vehicle brake release state.
  • Brake chains are provided in the middle of the vehicle body and one side of the center beam, and operating components are provided on the side of the vehicle to drive the brake chains to tighten or Loose
  • the indicating device includes a transmission member, an indicating connecting shaft and an indicating member, the indicating connecting shaft is pivotally mounted on the vehicle body along the transverse direction, one end of the driving member is fixedly connected to the brake chain, and the other end is connected to the brake chain
  • the indicating connecting shaft is fixedly connected, and the indicating member is located on the side of the vehicle body where the operating component is arranged, and is fixed to the indicating connecting shaft.
  • the indicating connecting shaft there is a preset angle between the indicating connecting shaft and the transmission member, and when the braking chain is in a loose state, the indicating member is in a horizontal position.
  • the indicating connection shaft can drive the indicating member to point to the tightening state mark or the loosening state mark marked on the display member.
  • the number of the operating components is two, and the two operating components are respectively arranged on both sides of the vehicle body and linked together;
  • the indicating connecting shaft spans both sides of the vehicle body, and includes a left connecting shaft, an intermediate connecting shaft and a right connecting shaft axially connected.
  • the indicating member is fixed, and a connecting hole is provided in the middle of the intermediate connecting shaft for connecting the transmission member. There is a preset angle between the axial direction of the connecting hole and the axial direction of the indicating connecting shaft.
  • one end of the transmission member is connected to the braking chain through a figure-of-sight ring, and the position of the figure-of-sight ring fixed to the transmission member is adjustable;
  • the position of the transmission member fixed on the indicating connecting shaft is adjustable.
  • a counterweight is provided on the back side of the indicator.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, including the aforementioned braking system.
  • the braking system of the present invention is adapted to the integrated braking mode, and the hand brake is installed in reverse for the first time, so that the braking chain faces the integrated braking assembly, and is directly articulated through the pull rod and the brake lever arranged on one side of the integrated braking assembly , the transmission structure is simple, and the transmission efficiency is high.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the braking system provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal view of the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the pull rod body and the vertical lever in the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the operating components in the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the mounting bracket in the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 7 is a lateral view of the mounting bracket in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a lateral view when the operating part is fixed on the mounting bracket
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the mounting seat in the mounting bracket of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 10 is a structural schematic view of the indicating device fixed to the mounting bracket in the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the indicating device in the braking system of Fig. 1;
  • Figure 12 is a longitudinal view of the indicating device of Figure 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the left connecting shaft/right connecting shaft in the indicating device of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate connecting shaft in the indicating device of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the direction of the indicator when the vehicle is in a relaxed state
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the direction of the indicator when the vehicle is in a braking state
  • the core of the present invention is to provide an indicating device, a braking system and a vehicle for the braking release state of a vehicle.
  • the braking system is suitable for integrated braking, and has a simple structure and high transmission efficiency; the indicating device is suitable for integrated braking, which is convenient for operators. Knowing the tightening or loosening state of the brake chain 11, and then knowing that the hand brake of the vehicle is in the braking or releasing state.
  • Words such as “first” and “second” mentioned in this article are only for the convenience of describing two or more structures or components with the same or similar structure and/or function, and do not represent any order and/or importance. some special limit.
  • the extension direction of the center beam 02 is “longitudinal", and the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the center beam 02 is “horizontal”.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the braking system provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the braking system in Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal view of the braking system in Figure 1.
  • the present invention provides a braking system, including a hand brake 1, a pull rod and an operating component, the hand brake 1 includes a brake chain 11, and when the hand brake 1 is installed on the vehicle body, the hand brake chain 11 Extending in the direction close to the integrated brake assembly, one end of the pull rod is hinged with the brake chain 11, and the other end is hinged with the brake lever 01 of the integrated brake assembly.
  • the connecting end of the brake lever 01, the pull rod and the brake chain 11 are roughly distributed along the longitudinal direction , as shown in Figure 1, the pull rod and the brake chain 11 are located on one side of the center beam 02, the operating part is arranged on the side of the vehicle body, and is connected with the hand brake 1, and the rotation of the operating part can drive the brake chain 11 to retract Tight or loose, so as to realize the braking or release of the vehicle hand brake.
  • the braking system of the present invention is adapted to the integrated braking method, and the handbrake 1 is installed in reverse for the first time, so that the braking chain 11 faces the integrated braking assembly, and directly passes through the pull rod and the braking device arranged on one side of the integrated braking assembly.
  • the lever 01 is hinged, the transmission structure is simple, and the transmission efficiency is high.
  • connection end of the brake lever 01, pull rod and brake chain 11 are roughly distributed along the longitudinal direction", that is, in practical applications, the three are not necessarily strictly on the same straight line in the longitudinal direction, and certain errors are allowed.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the tie rod body and the vertical lever in the braking system of FIG. 1 .
  • the pull rod includes a pull rod body 2 and a vertical lever 3, the upper end of the vertical lever 3 is hinged to the middle beam 02, the lower end is hinged to the brake chain 11, one end of the pull rod body 2 is hinged to the brake lever 01, and the other end is hinged to the vertical lever Middle of 3.
  • the setting of the vertical lever 3 can effectively control the height of the pull rod body 2, prevent the pull rod body 2 from sagging and interfere with the axle of the bogie when the brake chain 11 is in a loose state, and meet the requirements of low vehicle load-bearing surface, small gauge, and bogie spring sag. Braking requirements of the vehicle when the deflection is large and the gap between the car body and the bogie is small.
  • one end of the pull rod body 2 is fixed with a U-shaped first connector 2a, the opening end of the first connector 2a is fixedly connected to the pull rod body 2, and an annular connection portion is formed between the first connector 2a and the pull rod body 2, It also includes a chain shoe ring 2b passing through the annular connection part, the chain shoe ring 2b is hinged with the brake lever 01 through a connecting shaft; the other end of the pull rod body 2 is hinged with a U-shaped second connector 2c, and the second connector 2c The open end is hinged with the vertical lever 3 through the transmission shaft, which satisfies the rotation of the pull rod body 2 in two degrees of freedom, and effectively realizes the transmission of the braking force.
  • the tie rod body 2 can be directly hinged with the brake chain 11 .
  • the hinged connection between the pull rod body 2 and the brake lever 01 can also be realized through a U-shaped joint in addition to the above-mentioned chain shoe ring 2b; similarly, the hinged connection between the pull rod body 2 and the vertical lever 3, in addition to the above-mentioned second connection
  • the head 2c can also be realized by a chain shoe ring.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the operating components in the braking system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the mounting bracket in the braking system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a lateral view of the mounting bracket in Figure 6;
  • 8 is a lateral view when the operating component is fixed on the mounting bracket;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the mounting seat in the mounting bracket of FIG. 6 .
  • the operating components include a braking hand wheel 41 and a release handle 42.
  • the rotation of the braking hand wheel 41 can drive the brake chain 11 to tighten, and the rotation of the release handle 42 can drive the brake chain 11 to loosen.
  • the hand wheel 41 is connected with the hand brake 1 through the brake connecting shaft 43
  • the relief handle 42 is connected with the hand brake 1 through the relief connection shaft 44, and also includes a mounting bracket 5, which specifically includes an upper plate, two The web, and the outer mounting plate 52, the upper plate is a bent structure, the lower end is located on the inner side, and is fixedly connected with the web of the center beam 02, avoiding direct welding to the upper cover plate of the center beam 02, because the weld
  • the failure causes damage to the upper cover plate of the center beam 02;
  • the mounting plate 52 is respectively provided with mounting holes a at positions corresponding to the brake connecting shaft 43 and the relief connecting shaft 44, and wear sleeves 45 are fixed at the corresponding positions of the mounting holes a.
  • the connecting shaft 43 and the relief connecting shaft 44 pass
  • the operating components can be arranged only on one side of the vehicle body, or can be provided on both sides of the vehicle body. Turning the brake hand wheel 41 on either side can drive the brake chain 11 to tighten, and the operator can drive the brake chain 11 to loosen by turning the release handle 42 on either side, which makes the operation more convenient.
  • the mounting brackets 5 are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the vehicle body, and are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the web of the center beam 02 .
  • the present invention also includes a mounting seat 51 for fixing the hand brake 1, the mounting seat 51 is fixedly connected with the web of the center beam 02, and when the hand brake 1 is fixed to the mounting seat 51, the hand brake The installation surface of the brake 1 faces outward, and the brake chain 11 can extend toward the direction close to the brake lever 01, so that the brake chain 11 can be directly connected with the brake lever 01 through a pull rod, the transmission structure is simple, and the transmission efficiency is high.
  • the mounting base 51 is actually fixed together with the mounting bracket 5 on one side.
  • the braking system of the present invention also includes an indicating device 6 for indicating the brake release state of the vehicle. Please refer to the figure 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a structural schematic view of the indicating device fixed to the mounting bracket in the braking system of FIG. 1 .
  • the indicating device 6 includes a transmission member 61, an indicating connecting shaft 62 and an indicating member 63, wherein the transmission member 61 is a long columnar structure, one end of which is fixedly connected with the brake chain 11, considering the structure of the brake chain 11 , in this embodiment, the transmission member 61 is actually connected to the brake chain 11 through the eight-character ring 64, which has a simple structure and reliable connection; the other end of the transmission member 61 is fixedly connected to the indicating connecting shaft 62, and the indicating connecting shaft 62 is pivotally mounted on the On the vehicle body, the indicator 63 is located on the side of the vehicle body where the operating components are disposed, and is fixed to the indicating connecting shaft 62 .
  • the operator rotates the operating part, and the braking chain 11 will be tightened or loosened accordingly, and the tightening or loosening of the braking chain 11 will drive the transmission member 61 and the indicator.
  • the connecting shaft 62 rotates, indicating that the rotating of the connecting shaft 62 correspondingly drives the indicating member 63 to rotate.
  • the position of the indicator 63 is different, and the operator can know in time whether the vehicle is in the braking or releasing state by checking the position of the indicator 63, so as to ensure When the vehicle is running, the brake chain 11 is in a loose state, so as to avoid safety accidents such as wheel scratches.
  • the indicating connecting shaft 62 and the transmission member 61 are fixedly connected, and there is a preset angle between them, so that when the braking chain 11 is in a loose state, the indicating Member 63 is in a horizontal position.
  • the operator judges that the indicator 63 is in a non-horizontal state, he can intuitively judge that the brake chain 11 is not in a loose state, and the position of the brake chain 11 needs to be adjusted before the vehicle can be started.
  • the indicator 63 can also be arranged only on the corresponding side, so that the operator can judge whether the state of the brake chain 11 needs to be adjusted according to the position of the indicator 63 ; when both sides of the vehicle are provided with operating parts, the quantity of indicator 63 should also be two. end, and located on both sides of the body.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the indicating device in the braking system of Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the indicating device in Figure 11 Longitudinal view;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural view of the left connecting shaft/right connecting shaft in the indicating device of Figure 11;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of the middle connecting shaft in the indicating device of Figure 11.
  • the indicating connecting shaft 62 includes a left connecting shaft 62a, an intermediate connecting shaft 62b, and a right connecting shaft 62c which are axially connected, wherein, both ends of the intermediate connecting shaft 62b are provided with connecting parts, which are specifically in the shape of a T-shaped plate. structure, the two ends of the left connecting shaft 62a and the right connecting shaft 62c are provided with gaps, and the two connecting parts are respectively inserted in the gaps at one end of the left connecting shaft 62a and the right connecting shaft 62c, and are fixedly connected; the left connecting shaft 62a, The notch at the other end of the right connecting shaft 62c is used to fix the indicator 63.
  • the indicator 63 is an L-shaped bending structure, wherein the short side is inserted into the notch at the other end of the left connecting shaft 62a or the right connecting shaft 62c, and the long side Part of it is used to indicate the state of the brake chain 11; the middle part of the intermediate connecting shaft 62b is also provided with a connecting hole for fixed connection with the transmission member 61, the axial direction of the connecting hole in the intermediate connecting shaft 62b and the axial direction of the indicating connecting shaft 62 There is a preset angle between them, so that when the brake chain 11 is in a loose state, the indicator 63 is in a horizontal position.
  • the intermediate connecting shaft 62b is fixedly connected to the transmission member 61.
  • both ends of the transmission member 61 are provided with threads
  • the middle connecting hole of the intermediate connecting shaft 62b is a through hole
  • the upper end of the transmission member 61 is threaded for
  • the threaded hole of the intermediate connecting shaft 62b is fixedly connected
  • the thread at the lower end of the transmission member 61 is used to fix the eight-character ring 64 by bolts.
  • This setting can conveniently adjust the fastening position of the transmission member 61 and prevent the transmission member 61 from interfering with the center beam 02 during braking.
  • the adjustable fastening position of the transmission member 61 is not limited to the above-mentioned connection methods.
  • the transmission member 61 and the intermediate connecting shaft 62 can also be connected by bolts, clips, etc., as long as the relative position of the two can be adjusted.
  • the eight-character ring 64 and the transmission member 61 can also be threaded, clamped, etc. to adjust the relative position of the eight-character ring 64 when it is fixed on the transmission member 61 .
  • a counterweight 65 is provided on the back of the indicator 63 to increase the weight of the indicator 63 so that the indicator 63 can be kept at a preset indicating position by its own weight.
  • the indicating device 6 also includes a display board arranged on the corresponding side of the indicating member 63.
  • the display board is marked with a sign that the brake chain 11 is in a tightened or loose state.
  • the brake chain 11 is in a state of In the tightening or loosening state, the indicating connecting shaft 62 can drive the indicating member 63 to point to the tightening state mark or the loosening state mark marked on the display board.
  • the indicator 63 should point to the position marked "ON” on the display panel; correspondingly, when the brake chain 11 is in a loose state, the indicator 63 should point to the position marked "OFF” on the display panel.
  • the indicator 63 is equivalent to a pointer linked with the brake chain 11 , and the operator can intuitively know whether the vehicle is in a braking or releasing state through the mark pointed to by the indicator 63 . It can be understood that in addition to marking "ON” and “OFF”, it is also possible to mark other signs, such as directly marking "braking” and “relief” instead of "ON” and "OFF”.
  • the display board and the mounting plate 52 of the mounting bracket 5 are actually an integrated structure.
  • a wearing sleeve 45 is also provided on the inside of the inner side, indicating that the connecting shaft 62 is supported on the wearing sleeve 45 and can rotate relatively.
  • the display panel and the installation panel 52 may also be of a separate structure.
  • the present invention also provides an indicator device for vehicle brake release state, in which a brake chain 11 is provided in the middle of the vehicle body and one side of the center beam 02, and an operating component is provided on the side of the vehicle for driving the brake chain 11 to tighten Or loose
  • the indicating device 6 includes a transmission member 61, an indicating connecting shaft 62 and an indicating member 63, the indicating connecting shaft 62 is pivotally mounted on the vehicle body along the transverse direction, one end of the driving member 61 is fixedly connected with the brake chain 11, and the other end is connected with the indicating
  • the shaft 62 is fixedly connected, and the indicating member 63 is located on the side of the vehicle body where the operating components are arranged, and is fixed to the indicating connecting shaft 62 .
  • the vehicle braking release state indicating device of the present invention is adapted to the aforementioned braking system, and it is convenient for the operator to know the tightening or loosening state of the brake chain 11 more intuitively, and then know that the vehicle is in the braking or releasing state.
  • the specific structure of the indicating device of the vehicle braking release state in the present invention is consistent with the structure of the indicating device in the aforementioned braking system, and will not be repeated here.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, including the aforementioned braking system.
  • the vehicle of the present invention includes the aforementioned braking system, so it has the same technical effect as the aforementioned braking system, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

一种制动系统，包括手制动机(1)、拉杆和操作部件，手制动机(1)包括制动链条(11)，手制动链条(11)向靠近集成制动组件的方向延伸，拉杆一端与制动链条(11)铰接，另一端与集成制动组件的制动杠杆(01)铰接，制动杠杆(01)的连接端、拉杆和制动链条(11)大致沿纵向分布，操作部件设置于车体的侧部，并与手制动机(1)连接，操作部件转动能够驱动制动链条(11)收紧或松缓。还提供一种车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置以及车辆。该制动系统适应集成制动方式，将制动链条直接通过拉杆和设置于集成制动组件一侧的制动杠杆铰接，传动结构简单，传动效率高。

Description

一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆
本申请要求于2021年11月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111285237.5、发明名称为“一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，具体涉及一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆。
背景技术
集装箱运输是一种先进的运输方式，它具有运输效率高、运输成本低、联运方便、货损少、门对门等优点，是现代物流和多式联运的主要方式，已被世界各国广泛采用。
手制动系统是车辆在停车时进行制动，防止车辆移动的制动系统，主要是通过拉杆、杠杆或链条等装置将手制动机的制动力施加到转向集闸瓦进行制动的装置，与手制动系统连接的转向架基础制动可以分为杠杆制动和集成制动，杠杆制动的手制动杠杆连接点设置在车体中部或一侧，集成制动的手制动杠杆一般设置在集成制动组件的一侧，装箱平车的手制动机一般设置在车辆两侧，方便操作者使用的位置，此时，手制动系统设置在车辆承载面下部，需要在有限的空间内进行合理排布。
集装箱平车现有技术的制动系统，手制动机设置在车体两侧，通过拉杆或链条与手制动杠杆连接点进行连接，再经过水平杠杆进行转换，连接 到手制动机的链条。当车辆采用集成制动时，车体与转向架间的间隙很小，拉杆或链条可能与转向架的车轴干涉，影响行车安全。且，操作者在观测时，仅通过手制动机手轮链条的松紧无法准确判断手制动机制动是否到位，手制动力不够时，将影响车辆驻车安全。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种制动系统。
制动系统，包括手制动机、拉杆和操作部件，所述手制动机包括制动链条，所述手制动链条向靠近集成制动组件的方向延伸，所述拉杆一端与所述制动链条铰接，另一端与所述集成制动组件的制动杠杆铰接，所述制动杠杆的连接端、所述拉杆和所述制动链条大致沿纵向分布，所述操作部件设置于车体的侧部，并与所述手制动机连接，所述操作部件转动能够驱动所述制动链条收紧或松缓。
可选地，所述拉杆包括拉杆本体和立杠杆，所述立杠杆上端与所述中梁铰接，下端与所述制动链条铰接，所述拉杆本体一端与所述制动杠杆铰接，另一端铰接于所述立杠杆的中部。
可选地，所述拉杆本体一端固定有U形的第一连接头，所述第一连接头与所述拉杆本体之间围成环形连接部，还包括穿过所述连接部的链蹄环，所述链蹄环与所述制动杠杆铰接；所述拉杆本体另一端铰接有U形的第二连接头，所述第二连接头的开口端与所述立杠杆铰接。
可选地，所述操作部件包括分别与所述手制动机连接的制动手轮和缓解手柄，所述制动手轮转动能够驱动所述制动链条收紧，所述缓解手柄转动能够驱动所述制动链条松缓。
可选地，还包括制动连接轴、缓解连接轴，以及安装支架，所述安装 支架的内侧与所述中梁的腹板固定连接，所述制动连接轴、所述缓解连接轴均有一端与所述手制动机连接，另一端分别穿过所述安装支架外侧的安装板与所述制动手轮、所述缓解手柄连接。
可选地，所述安装板设置有两个安装孔，在所述安装孔对应位置均固定有磨耗套，所述制动连接轴、所述缓解连接轴穿过对应的所述安装孔，并可相对转动地支撑于对应的所述磨耗套。
可选地，还包括用于固定所述手制动机的安装座，所述安装座与所述中梁的腹板固定连接。
可选地，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于车体两侧，并相联动。
可选地，还包括用于指示车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，所述指示装置包括传动件、指示连接轴和指示件，所述指示连接轴沿横向枢装于所述车体，所述传动件一端与所述制动链条固定连接，另一端与所述指示连接轴固定连接，所述指示件位于所述车体设置有所述操作部件的一侧，并固定于所述指示连接轴。
可选地，所述指示连接轴和所述传动件之间具有预设角度，所述制动链条处于松缓状态时，所述指示件处于水平位置。
可选地，还包括设置于所述指示件对应侧部的显示件，所述显示件具有所述制动链条处于收紧或松缓状态的标识，所述制动链条处于收紧或松缓状态时，所述指示连接轴能够驱使所述指示件指向所述显示件上标注的收紧状态标识或松缓状态标识。
可选地，还包括用于固定所述操作部件的安装支架；
所述显示件与所述安装支架外侧的安装板为一体结构，所述中梁、所 述外侧壁对应位置设置有过孔，还包括设置于所述中梁、所述外侧壁的磨耗套，所述指示连接轴穿过对应所述过孔，并可相对转动地支撑于对应的磨耗套。
可选地，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于车体两侧，并相联动；
所述指示连接轴横跨所述车体的两侧，包括轴向连接的左连接轴、中间连接轴和右连接轴，所述左连接轴和右连接轴远离所述中间连接轴的一端均固定有所述指示件，所述中间连接轴的中部设置有连接孔，用于连接所述传动件，所述连接孔的轴向与所述指示连接轴的轴向之间具有预设角度。
可选地，所述传动件一端通过八字环与所述制动链条连接，且所述八字环固定于所述传动件的位置可调；
或，所述传动件固定于所述指示连接轴的位置可调。
可选地，所述指示件的背侧设置有配重块。
本发明还提供一种车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，车体中部、中梁的一侧设置有制动链条，车辆的侧部设置有操作部件，用于驱动所述制动链条收紧或松缓，所述指示装置包括传动件、指示连接轴和指示件，所述指示连接轴沿横向枢装于所述车体，所述传动件一端与所述制动链条固定连接，另一端与所述指示连接轴固定连接，所述指示件位于所述车体设置有所述操作部件的一侧，并固定于所述指示连接轴。
可选地，所述指示连接轴和所述传动件之间具有预设角度，所述制动链条处于松缓状态时，所述指示件处于水平位置。
可选地，还包括设置于所述指示件对应侧部的显示件，所述显示件具有所述制动链条处于收紧或松缓状态的标识，所述制动链条处于收紧或松 缓状态时，所述指示连接轴能够驱使所述指示件指向所述显示件上标注的收紧状态标识或松缓状态标识。
可选地，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于车体两侧，并相联动；
所述指示连接轴横跨所述车体的两侧，包括轴向连接的左连接轴、中间连接轴和右连接轴，所述左连接轴和右连接轴远离所述中间连接轴的一端均固定有所述指示件，所述中间连接轴的中部设置有连接孔，用于连接所述传动件，所述连接孔的轴向与所述指示连接轴的轴向之间具有预设角度。
可选地，所述传动件一端通过八字环与所述制动链条连接，且所述八字环固定于所述传动件的位置可调；
或，所述传动件固定于所述指示连接轴的位置可调。
可选地，所述指示件的背侧设置有配重块。
本发明还提供一种车辆，包括前述制动系统。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明制动系统适应集成制动方式，且手制动机首次采用反向安装，使得制动链条面向集成制动组件，并直接通过拉杆和设置于集成制动组件一侧的制动杠杆铰接，传动结构简单，传动效率高。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供制动系统一种具体实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1制动系统的俯视图；
图3为图1制动系统纵向视图；
图4为图1制动系统中拉杆本体和立杠杆的结构示意图；
图5为图1制动系统中操作部件的结构示意图；
图6为图1制动系统中安装支架的结构示意图；
图7为图6安装支架的横向视图；
图8为操作部件固定于安装支架时的横向视图；
图9为图6安装支架中安装座的结构示意图；
图10为图1制动系统中指示装置固定于安装支架的结构示意图；
图11为图1制动系统中指示装置的结构示意图；
图12为图11指示装置的纵向视图；
图13为图11指示装置中左连接轴/右连接轴的结构示意图；
图14为图11指示装置中中间连接轴的结构示意图；
图15为车辆缓解状态时指示件的指向示意图；
图16为车辆制动状态时指示件的指向示意图；
其中，图1-图16的附图标记说明如下：
1-手制动机；11-制动链条；2-拉杆本体；2a-第一连接头；2b-链蹄环；2c-第二连接头；3-立杠杆；41-制动手轮；42-缓解手柄；43-制动连接轴；44-缓解连接轴；45-磨耗套；5-安装支架；51-安装座；52-安装板；a-安装孔；b-过孔；6-指示装置；61-传动件；62-指示连接轴；62a-左连接轴；62b-中间连接轴；62c-右连接轴；63-指示件；64-八字环；65-配重块；
01-制动杠杆；02-中梁。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心为提供一种车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置、制动系统和车辆，该制动系统适应集成制动，结构简单，传动效率高；该指示装置适应集成制动，便于操作人员获悉制动链条11的收紧或松缓状态，进而获悉车辆的手制动处于制动或缓解状态。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本文中所述“第一”、“第二”等词，仅是为了便于描述结构和/或功能 相同或者相类似的两个以上的结构或者部件，并不表示对于顺序和/或重要性的某种特殊限定。
本文中，中梁02延伸方向为“纵向”，垂直于中梁02延伸方向为“横向”。
请参考图1至图3，图1为本发明所提供制动系统一种具体实施例的结构示意图；图2为图1制动系统的俯视图；图3为图1制动系统纵向视图。
本发明提供一种制动系统，包括手制动机1、拉杆和操作部件，手制动机1包括制动链条11，并且手制动机1安装于车体时，手制动链条11向靠近集成制动组件的方向延伸，拉杆一端与制动链条11铰接，另一端与集成制动组件的制动杠杆01铰接，制动杠杆01的连接端、拉杆和制动链条11大致沿纵向分布，如图1所示，拉杆和制动链条11处于中梁02的一侧，操作部件设置于车体的侧部，并与手制动机1连接，操作部件转动能够驱动制动链条11收紧或松缓，从而实现车辆手制动的制动或缓解。
本发明制动系统适应集成制动方式，且手制动机1首次采用反向安装，使得制动链条11面向集成制动组件，并直接通过拉杆和设置于集成制动组件一侧的制动杠杆01铰接，传动结构简单，传动效率高。
上述“制动杠杆01的连接端、拉杆和制动链条11大致沿纵向分布”，即实际应用中，三者在纵向上并不一定严格处于同一条直线上，允许存在一定的误差。
请参考图4，图4为图1制动系统中拉杆本体和立杠杆的结构示意图。
本实施例中，拉杆包括拉杆本体2和立杠杆3，立杠杆3上端与中梁02铰接，下端与制动链条11铰接，拉杆本体2一端与制动杠杆01铰接，另一端铰接于立杠杆3的中部。立杠杆3的设置能够有效控制拉杆本体2的高度，防止制动链条11处于松缓状态时，拉杆本体2下垂与转向架车轴发生干涉，满足车辆承载面低、轨距小，转向架弹簧垂向压死挠度大、车体与转向架间间隙较小时车辆的制动需求。
具体地，拉杆本体2一端固定有U形的第一连接头2a，第一连接头2a的开口端与拉杆本体2固定连接，第一连接头2a与拉杆本体2之间围成环形连接部，还包括穿过该环形连接部的链蹄环2b，链蹄环2b通过连 接轴与制动杠杆01铰接；拉杆本体2另一端铰接有U形的第二连接头2c，第二连接头2c的开口端通过传动轴与立杠杆3铰接，满足拉杆本体2在两个方向自由度的旋转，有效实现制动力的传递。
当然，若车体与转向架间具有足够大的间隙，不设置立杠杆3也是可行的，此时，拉杆本体2可以直接与制动链条11铰接。此外，拉杆本体2与制动杠杆01的铰接，除了通过上述链蹄环2b，也可以通过U形的连接头来实现；同样地，拉杆本体2与立杠杆3的铰接，除了上述第二连接头2c，也可以通过链蹄环来实现。
请参考图5-图9，图5为图1制动系统中操作部件的结构示意图；图6为图1制动系统中安装支架的结构示意图；图7为图6安装支架的横向视图；图8为操作部件固定于安装支架时的横向视图；图9为图6安装支架中安装座的结构示意图。
本实施例中，操作部件包括制动手轮41和缓解手柄42，制动手轮41转动能够驱动制动链条11收紧，缓解手柄42转动能够驱动制动链条11松缓，具体地，制动手轮41通过制动连接轴43与手制动机1连接，缓解手柄42通过缓解连接轴44与手制动机1连接，还包括安装支架5，安装支架5具体包括上板、两个腹板，以及外侧的安装板52，上板为折弯结构，较低的一端位于内侧，并与中梁02的腹板固定连接，避免直接焊接于中梁02的上盖板，由于焊缝失效引起中梁02上盖板损伤；安装板52在与制动连接轴43、缓解连接轴44对应的位置分别设置有安装孔a，在安装孔a对应位置均固定有磨耗套45，制动连接轴43、缓解连接轴44穿过对应的安装孔a，并可相对转动地支撑于对应的磨耗套45。
如此，当转动制动手轮41时，制动连接轴43同步转动，并将制动链条11部分收入手制动机1中，制动链条11收紧；当转动缓解手柄42时，缓解连接轴44同步转动，制动链条11部分放出手制动机1，制动链条11松缓。
可以理解，操作部件既可以仅设置于车体的一侧，也可以在车体的两侧均设置操作部件，本实施例中，操作部件设置在车体的两侧，并且相联动，即操作人员转动任一侧的制动手轮41均能够驱动制动链条11收紧，操作人员转动任一侧的缓解手柄42均能够驱动制动链条11松缓，操作更 加便利。当然，操作部件设置在车体的两侧时，安装支架5也对应设置于车体的两侧，并分别与中梁02腹板的两侧固定连接。
请继续参考图1，本发明还包括用于固定手制动机1的安装座51，安装座51与中梁02的腹板固定连接，并且手制动机1固定于安装座51时，手制动机1的安装面朝外，制动链条11能够向靠近制动杠杆01的方向延伸，使得制动链条11能够直接通过拉杆与制动杠杆01连接，传动结构简单，传动效率高。本实施例中，安装座51实际与其中一侧的安装支架5固定于一体。
由于制动链条11设置于车体的中部，操作人员不便直观判断制动链条11的松紧状态，因此，本发明制动系统还包括用于指示车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置6，请参考图10，图10为图1制动系统中指示装置固定于安装支架的结构示意图。
本发明中，指示装置6包括传动件61、指示连接轴62和指示件63，其中，传动件61为长条柱状结构，其一端与制动链条11固定连接，考虑到制动链条11的结构，本实施例中，传动件61实际通过八字环64与制动链条11连接，结构简单，且连接可靠；传动件61另一端与指示连接轴62固定连接，指示连接轴62沿横向枢装于车体，指示件63位于车体设置有操作部件的一侧，并固定于指示连接轴62。
本发明制动系统设置上述指示装置6后，操作人员转动操作部件，制动链条11会相应地收紧或松缓，而制动链条11的收紧或松缓又会带动传动件61和指示连接轴62转动，指示连接轴62转动相应带动指示件63转动。因此，当制动链条11处于收紧或松缓两种状态时，指示件63的位置是不同的，操作人员可以通过查看指示件63所处的位置及时获悉车辆处于制动还是缓解状态，保证车辆运行时，制动链条11处于松缓状态，避免出现车轮擦伤等安全事故。
为了更加直观地对指示件63的位置进行判断，本发明中，指示连接轴62和传动件61固定连接，且二者之间具有预设角度，使得制动链条11处于松缓状态时，指示件63处于水平位置。如此设置，当操作人员判断指示件63处于非水平状态时，就能够直观判断制动链条11未处于松缓状态，需要对制动链条11的位置进行调节，方能启动车辆。
可以理解，当操作部件仅设置在车体一侧时，指示件63也可以只设置在对应一侧，便于操作人员根据指示件63所处的位置判断是否需要对制动链条11的状态进行调节；当车辆两侧均设置有操作部件时，指示件63的数量也应当为两个，此时，指示连接轴62横跨车体两侧，两个指示件63固定于指示连接轴62的两端，并位于车体的两侧。
本实施例中，车体两侧均设置有操作部件和指示件63，请参考图11-图14，图11为图1制动系统中指示装置的结构示意图；图12为图11指示装置的纵向视图；图13为图11指示装置中左连接轴/右连接轴的结构示意图；图14为图11指示装置中中间连接轴的结构示意图。
本实施例中，指示连接轴62包括轴向连接的左连接轴62a、中间连接轴62b和右连接轴62c，其中，中间连接轴62b的两端均设置有连接部，具体为T形板状结构，左连接轴62a、右连接轴62c的两端均设置有缺口，两个连接部分别插装于左连接轴62a、右连接轴62c一端的缺口中，并固定连接；左连接轴62a、右连接轴62c另一端的缺口用于固定指示件63，具体地，指示件63为L形折弯结构，其中短边部分插入左连接轴62a或右连接轴62c另一端的缺口中，长边部分用于指示制动链条11的状态；中间连接轴62b的中部还设置有连接孔，用于和传动件61固定连接，中间连接轴62b中连接孔的轴向与指示连接轴62的轴向之间具有预设角度，使得制动链条11处于松缓状态时，指示件63处于水平位置。
此外，中间连接轴62b和传动件61固定连接，具体到本实施例中，传动件61两端均设置有螺纹，中间连接轴62b的中部连接孔为通孔，传动件61上端螺纹用于和中间连接轴62b的螺纹孔固定连接，传动件61下端螺纹用于通过螺栓固定八字环64。该设置，可方便地调整传动件61的紧固位置，避免传动件61在制动过程中与中梁02发生干涉。
当然，实现传动件61的紧固位置可调，并不局限于上述连接方式，如传动件61与中间连接轴62还可通过螺栓连接、卡接等方式，只要能够调节二者的相对位置即可；八字环64与传动件61之间也可以通过螺纹连接、卡接等方式，以调节八字环64固定于传动件61时的相对位置。
如图10、图11所示，指示件63的背侧还设置有配重块65，用于增大指示件63的自重，使得指示件63能够靠自重保持在预设指示位置。
当然，上述实施例中虽然指示件63的位置变动可以表征车辆处于制动还是缓解状态，但是在操作人员未获悉该指示件63的工作原理时，指示件63的表征并不直观，因此，对上一实施例作出进一步的改进，指示装置6还包括设置于指示件63对应侧部的显示板，显示板上标注有制动链条11处于收紧或松缓状态的标识，制动链条11处于收紧或松缓状态时，指示连接轴62能够驱使指示件63指向显示板上标注的收紧状态标识或松缓状态标识。如图15、图16所示，在显示板上标注有“ON”和“OFF”，“ON”标识表示制动，“OFF”标识表示缓解，显然，当制动链条11处于收紧状态时，指示件63应当指向显示板上标注“ON”的位置；相应地，当制动链条11处于松缓状态时，指示件63应当指向显示板上标注“OFF”的位置。此时，指示件63相当于与制动链条11实现联动的指针，操作人员可以通过指示件63指向的标识直观地获悉车辆处于制动还是缓解状态。可以理解，除了标注“ON”和“OFF”外，标注其他标识也是可以的，如直接标注“制动”和“缓解”替代“ON”和“OFF”。
本实施例中，显示板和安装支架5的安装板52实际为一体结构，如图6所示，该安装板52预定位置设置有过孔b，用于指示连接轴62穿过，过孔b的内侧还设置有磨耗套45，指示连接轴62支撑于该磨耗套45，并能相对转动。当然，实际应用中，显示板与安装板52也可以为分体结构。
本发明还提供一种车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，车体中部、中梁02的一侧设置有制动链条11，车辆的侧部设置有操作部件，用于驱动制动链条11收紧或松缓，指示装置6包括传动件61、指示连接轴62和指示件63，指示连接轴62沿横向枢装于车体，传动件61一端与制动链条11固定连接，另一端与指示连接轴62固定连接，指示件63位于车体设置有操作部件的一侧，并固定于指示连接轴62。
本发明车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，适应前述制动系统，且便于操作人员更加直观地获悉制动链条11的收紧或松缓状态，进而获悉车辆处于制动或缓解状态。
本发明车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置的具体结构与前述制动系统中指示装置的结构一致，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提供一种车辆，包括前述制动系统。
本发明车辆包括前述制动系统，因此具有与前述制动系统相同的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的一种制动系统、车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置和车辆进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种制动系统，其特征在于，包括手制动机(1)、拉杆和操作部件，所述手制动机(1)包括制动链条(11)，所述手制动链条(11)向靠近集成制动组件的方向延伸，所述拉杆一端与所述制动链条(11)铰接，另一端与所述集成制动组件的制动杠杆(01)铰接，所述制动杠杆(01)的连接端、所述拉杆和所述制动链条(11)大致沿纵向分布，所述操作部件设置于车体的侧部，并与所述手制动机(1)连接，所述操作部件转动能够驱动所述制动链条(11)收紧或松缓。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述拉杆包括拉杆本体(2)和立杠杆(3)，所述立杠杆(3)上端与所述中梁(02)铰接，下端与所述制动链条(11)铰接，所述拉杆本体(2)一端与所述制动杠杆(01)铰接，另一端铰接于所述立杠杆(3)的中部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述拉杆本体(2)一端固定有U形的第一连接头(2a)，所述第一连接头(2a)与所述拉杆本体(2)之间围成环形连接部，还包括穿过所述连接部的链蹄环(2b)，所述链蹄环(2b)与所述制动杠杆(01)铰接；所述拉杆本体(2)另一端铰接有U形的第二连接头(2c)，所述第二连接头(2c)的开口端与所述立杠杆(3)铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述操作部件包括分别与所述手制动机(1)连接的制动手轮(41)和缓解手柄(42)，所述制动手轮(41)转动能够驱动所述制动链条(11)收紧，所述缓解手柄(42)转动能够驱动所述制动链条(11)松缓。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述制动系统，其特征在于，还包括制动连接轴(43)、缓解连接轴(44)，以及安装支架(5)，所述安装支架(5)的内侧与所述中梁(02)的腹板固定连接，所述制动连接轴(43)、所述缓解连接轴(44)均有一端与所述手制动机(1)连接，另一端分别穿过所述安装支架(5)外侧的安装板(52)与所述制动手轮(41)、所述缓解手柄(42)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述安装板(52)设置有两个安装孔(a)，在所述安装孔(a)对应位置均固定有磨耗套(45)，所述制动连接轴(43)、所述缓解连接轴(44)穿过对应的所述安装孔(a)，并可相对转动地支撑于对应的所述磨耗套(45)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述制动系统，其特征在于，还包括用于固定所述手制动机(1)的安装座(51)，所述安装座(51)与所述中梁(02)的腹板固定连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于车体两侧，并相联动。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述制动系统，其特征在于，还包括用于指示车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置(6)，所述指示装置(6)包括传动件(61)、指示连接轴(62)和指示件(63)，所述指示连接轴(62)沿横向枢装于所述车体，所述传动件(61)一端与所述制动链条(11)固定连接，另一端与所述指示连接轴(62)固定连接，所述指示件(63)位于所述车体设置有所述操作部件的一侧，并固定于所述指示连接轴(62)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述指示连接轴(62) 和所述传动件(61)之间具有预设角度，所述制动链条(11)处于松缓状态时，所述指示件(63)处于水平位置。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述制动系统，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述指示件(63)对应侧部的显示件，所述显示件具有所述制动链条(11)处于收紧或松缓状态的标识，所述制动链条(11)处于收紧或松缓状态时，所述指示连接轴(62)能够驱使所述指示件(63)指向所述显示件上标注的收紧状态标识或松缓状态标识。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述制动系统，其特征在于，还包括用于固定所述操作部件的安装支架(5)；
    所述显示件与所述安装支架(5)外侧的安装板(52)为一体结构，所述中梁(02)、所述外侧壁对应位置设置有过孔(b)，还包括设置于所述中梁(02)、所述外侧壁的磨耗套(45)，所述指示连接轴(62)穿过对应所述过孔(b)，并可相对转动地支撑于对应的磨耗套(45)。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于车体两侧，并相联动；
    所述指示连接轴(62)横跨所述车体的两侧，包括轴向连接的左连接轴(62a)、中间连接轴(62b)和右连接轴(62c)，所述左连接轴(62a)和右连接轴(62c)远离所述中间连接轴(62b)的一端均固定有所述指示件(63)，所述中间连接轴(62b)的中部设置有连接孔，用于连接所述传动件(61)，所述连接孔的轴向与所述指示连接轴(62)的轴向之间具有预设角度。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述传动件(61) 一端通过八字环(64)与所述制动链条(11)连接，且所述八字环(64)固定于所述传动件(61)的位置可调；
    或，所述传动件(61)固定于所述指示连接轴(62)的位置可调。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述制动系统，其特征在于，所述指示件(63)的背侧设置有配重块(65)。
  16. 一种车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，车体中部、中梁(02)的一侧设置有制动链条(11)，车辆的侧部设置有操作部件，用于驱动所述制动链条(11)收紧或松缓，其特征在于，所述指示装置(6)包括传动件(61)、指示连接轴(62)和指示件(63)，所述指示连接轴(62)沿横向枢装于所述车体，所述传动件(61)一端与所述制动链条(11)固定连接，另一端与所述指示连接轴(62)固定连接，所述指示件(63)位于所述车体设置有所述操作部件的一侧，并固定于所述指示连接轴(62)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，其特征在于，所述指示连接轴(62)和所述传动件(61)之间具有预设角度，所述制动链条(11)处于松缓状态时，所述指示件(63)处于水平位置。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，其特征在于，还包括设置于所述指示件(63)对应侧部的显示件，所述显示件具有所述制动链条(11)处于收紧或松缓状态的标识，所述制动链条(11)处于收紧或松缓状态时，所述指示连接轴(62)能够驱使所述指示件(63)指向所述显示件上标注的收紧状态标识或松缓状态标识。
  19. 根据权利要求16-18任一项所述车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，其特征在于，所述操作部件的数量为两个，两个所述操作部件分别设置于 车体两侧，并相联动；
    所述指示连接轴(62)横跨所述车体的两侧，包括轴向连接的左连接轴(62a)、中间连接轴(62b)和右连接轴(62c)，所述左连接轴(62a)和右连接轴(62c)远离所述中间连接轴(62b)的一端均固定有所述指示件(63)，所述中间连接轴(62b)的中部设置有连接孔，用于连接所述传动件(61)，所述连接孔的轴向与所述指示连接轴(62)的轴向之间具有预设角度。
  20. 根据权利要求16-18任一项所述车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，其特征在于，所述传动件(61)一端通过八字环(64)与所述制动链条(11)连接，且所述八字环(64)固定于所述传动件(61)的位置可调；
    或，所述传动件(61)固定于所述指示连接轴(62)的位置可调。
  21. 根据权利要求16-18任一项所述车辆制动缓解状态的指示装置，其特征在于，所述指示件(63)的背侧设置有配重块(65)。
  22. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-15任一项所述制动系统。
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