WO2023070856A1 - 柔性复合电极及其制备方法、柔性储能器件 - Google Patents

柔性复合电极及其制备方法、柔性储能器件 Download PDF

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WO2023070856A1
WO2023070856A1 PCT/CN2021/137308 CN2021137308W WO2023070856A1 WO 2023070856 A1 WO2023070856 A1 WO 2023070856A1 CN 2021137308 W CN2021137308 W CN 2021137308W WO 2023070856 A1 WO2023070856 A1 WO 2023070856A1
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Prior art keywords
flexible
electrode
flexible composite
composite electrode
electrolyte
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PCT/CN2021/137308
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English (en)
French (fr)
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薛冬峰
陈昆峰
孙向飞
王晓明
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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Publication of WO2023070856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023070856A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the technical field of capacitors, and in particular relates to a flexible composite electrode, a preparation method thereof, and a flexible energy storage device.
  • the preparation methods for flexible electrodes mainly include: metal organic compound vapor deposition method, sol-gel method, catalytic chemical vapor deposition method, metal organic compound thermal decomposition method, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, liquid source atomization chemical deposition method , pulsed laser deposition method, suction filtration and extinguishing method, etc. These methods have certain disadvantages in terms of equipment and technical requirements.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a flexible composite electrode and its preparation method, as well as a flexible energy storage device, aiming to solve the complex preparation method of flexible electrodes in existing micro flexible supercapacitors and the difficulty in realizing large-area flexible electrodes.
  • Technical problems of preparation are to provide a flexible composite electrode and its preparation method, as well as a flexible energy storage device, aiming to solve the complex preparation method of flexible electrodes in existing micro flexible supercapacitors and the difficulty in realizing large-area flexible electrodes.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a flexible composite electrode, comprising the following steps:
  • An electrode system is constructed, the electrolyte solution is added to the electrode system, an electrolytic reaction is performed, a flexible composite film is formed on the surface of the working electrode, and a flexible composite electrode is obtained by separation.
  • the conditions of the electrolysis reaction include: electrolysis for 10-30 minutes under the condition of a voltage of 10-15V.
  • a conductive agent is also added to the electrolyte.
  • the electrochemically polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from pyrrole, aniline, and thiophene.
  • the flexible reinforcement is selected from at least one of Ti 2 C, graphene, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanotubes.
  • the conductive agent is at least one selected from sodium benzenesulfonate, sodium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfonate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
  • the concentration of the electrochemically polymerized monomer is 8-10 mg/mL
  • the concentration of the flexible reinforcement is 0.5-1.5 mg/mL
  • the concentration of the conductive agent is 4-6 mg /mL.
  • the solvent in the electrolyte is selected from water.
  • the electrode system is selected from a three-electrode system, including a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode.
  • the working electrode is selected from one of an inert metal sheet, a conductive glass sheet, and a carbon electrode sheet;
  • the counter electrode is selected from one of a platinum counter electrode and a carbon counter electrode.
  • the reference electrode is selected from one of a saturated calomel electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode, a Hg/HgO electrode, and a Hg/Hg 2 SO 4 electrode.
  • the present application provides a flexible composite electrode prepared by the above method, wherein the flexible composite electrode includes a flexible polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement doped in-situ in the flexible polymer matrix.
  • the flexible composite electrode is also doped with a conductivity enhancer.
  • the mass ratio of the flexible polymer matrix to the flexible reinforcement is (8-10): (0.5-1.5).
  • the present application provides a flexible energy storage device, which includes the flexible composite electrode prepared by the above method, or includes the above flexible composite electrode.
  • the preparation method of the flexible composite electrode provided in the first aspect of the present application can synthesize a flexible composite electrode with a polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement through a one-step electrolysis method, without additional addition of initiators and harsh conditions.
  • the method is simple, has mild preparation conditions, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and application.
  • the size of the prepared flexible composite electrode can be flexibly adjusted, and the working electrode of the corresponding size can be selected according to different application requirements, and a large-sized flexible composite electrode can be prepared on the surface of the working electrode, and the composite electrode has excellent flexibility and can be used as an electrode material It is widely used in flexible energy storage devices, especially micro flexible capacitors.
  • the flexible composite electrode provided by the second aspect of the application is synthesized in one step by the above method, including a flexible polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement doped in-situ in the flexible polymer matrix, so the flexible composite electrode and the flexible polymer in the flexible composite electrode
  • the combination stability of the material matrix is good, the flexibility of the composite electrode is effectively enhanced, and a flexible composite electrode with a large size can be obtained, which improves the flexibility and feasibility of being used as an electrode material in a flexible energy storage device.
  • the flexible energy storage device provided by the third aspect of the present application contains the above-mentioned flexible composite electrode.
  • the composite electrode has good stability, excellent flexibility, and can be bent into any arc, which meets the application requirements of flexible energy storage devices of different systems and improves the performance of the device. Stability of electrochemical performance.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the flexible composite electrode provided by the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte device provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a topographical view of the flexible composite electrode provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a bendability test diagram of the flexible composite electrode provided in Example 2 of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a three-electrode charge-discharge curve diagram of the flexible composite electrode provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • the term "and/or” describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, for example, A and/or B may mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone Condition. Among them, A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character "/" generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship.
  • At least one means one or more, and “multiple” means two or more.
  • At least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.
  • “at least one (one) of a, b, or c”, or “at least one (one) of a, b, and c” can mean: a, b, c, a-b (that is, a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
  • sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the order of execution, and some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially, and the execution order of each process shall be based on its functions and The internal logic is determined and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the weight of the relevant components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application can not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship between the weights of the various components.
  • the scaling up or down of the content of the fraction is within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the mass in the description of the embodiments of the present application may be ⁇ g, mg, g, kg and other well-known mass units in the chemical industry.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes to distinguish objects such as substances from each other, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • first XX can also be called the second XX
  • second XX can also be called the first XX.
  • a feature defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a flexible composite electrode, including the following steps:
  • the preparation method of the flexible composite electrode provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application uses the mixed solution of the electrochemically polymerized monomer and the flexible reinforcement as the electrolyte, and performs an electrolytic reaction in the electrode system, and the effect of the electrochemically polymerized monomer on the electric field Under lower conditions, the potential of the working electrode provides the energy required for the polymerization reaction for the electrochemically polymerized monomer, so that the monomer loses electrons on the electrode surface and polymerizes to form a flexible polymer matrix.
  • the flexible reinforcement in the electrolyte is adsorbed and combined in the flexible polymer matrix, and a flexible composite film of the flexible polymer matrix and the flexible reinforcement is formed on the surface of the working electrode, and the flexibility of the film can be effectively improved by doping the flexible reinforcement. flexibility.
  • the flexible composite electrode can be obtained by separating the flexible composite film from the electrode surface.
  • the preparation method of the flexible composite electrode in the embodiment of the present application can synthesize a flexible composite electrode with a polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement through a one-step electrolysis method, without adding additional initiators, and without carrying out under harsh conditions. The process is simple and the preparation Mild conditions are suitable for industrialized large-scale production and application.
  • the size of the prepared flexible composite electrode can be flexibly adjusted, and the working electrode of the corresponding size can be selected according to different application requirements, and a large-sized flexible composite electrode can be prepared on the surface of the working electrode, and the composite electrode has excellent flexibility and can be used as an electrode material It is widely used in flexible energy storage devices, especially micro flexible capacitors.
  • a conductive agent is also added to the electrolytic solution, and the conductive agent can be combined with In the flexible polymer matrix, the conductivity of the flexible composite electrode can be further improved, and the electron migration and transmission efficiency can be improved.
  • the conductive agent is at least one selected from sodium benzenesulfonate, sodium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfonate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. Further, the conductive agent is preferably sodium p-toluenesulfonate. These conductive agents can not only enhance the conductivity of flexible composite electrodes, improve the efficiency of electron migration and transmission, but also accelerate the polymerization rate of electrochemically polymerized monomers, improve the polymerization efficiency of monomers, and shorten the reaction time.
  • the conductive agent is preferably sodium p-toluenesulfonate, which can accelerate the polymerization of electrochemically polymerized monomers such as pyrrole and reduce the film formation time of the flexible composite electrode. At the same time, sodium p-toluenesulfonate is doped into the flexible composite electrode to effectively Enhance the conductivity of the electrode.
  • the electrochemically polymerizable monomer is at least one selected from pyrrole, aniline, and thiophene. Further, the electrochemically polymerized monomer is preferably pyrrole. These electrochemically polymerized monomers are under the action of an electric field, and the potential of the working electrode can provide the energy required for the polymerization of the monomer. The groups are combined with each other to form a flexible polymer matrix through chain growth. In some embodiments, the electrochemically polymerized monomer is preferably pyrrole.
  • the pyrrole monomer molecule will lose electrons on the surface of the working electrode under the action of an electric field to become a cationic free radical, and then the free radical will combine with another pyrrole monomer Combining with each other to form a dimer of pyrrole, through the chain growth step, finally obtain a polypyrrole macromolecular chain, and form a flexible polymer film layer on the surface of the working electrode.
  • the flexible reinforcement is selected from at least one of Ti 2 C, graphene, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanotubes; when these materials are added to the composite electrode, they can enhance the composite electrode film. Flexible, but also has excellent electrochemical performance. Therefore, these preferred flexible reinforcements can not only improve the flexibility of the flexible composite electrode, but also improve the electrochemical properties of the flexible composite electrode.
  • the flexible reinforcement is selected from Ti 2 C. The surface of Ti 2 C contains a large amount of negative charges, which can be adsorbed in the flexible polymer matrix on the surface of the working electrode, and has good stability in combination with the polymer matrix, improving the flexibility of composite film stability and flexibility. In addition, Ti 2 C has high volume specific capacity, metal-level conductivity, good hydrophilicity and rich surface chemical activity, which can improve the electrochemical performance of flexible composite electrodes such as specific capacity and rate performance.
  • the concentration of the electrochemically polymerized monomer is 8-10 mg/mL
  • the concentration of the flexible reinforcement is 0.5-1.5 mg/mL
  • the concentration of the conductive agent is 4-6 mg/mL.
  • concentrations of electrochemically polymerized monomers, flexible reinforcements, and conductive agents in the electrolyte of the examples of the present application will not only affect the doping content of flexible reinforcements and conductive agents in the prepared flexible composite electrode, but also affect the properties of the flexible composite film. form.
  • the concentration of flexible reinforcement and conductive agent is too low and the concentration of electrochemically polymerized monomer is too high, it is not conducive to the doping of flexible reinforcement and conductive agent into the polymer film matrix; if the concentration of electrochemically polymerized monomer is too low, the flexibility If the concentration of reinforcement and conductive agent is too high, it will affect the polymerization of monomers and reduce the polymerization efficiency of monomers, thereby affecting the formation of polymer film matrix, and it is difficult to form a complete and flexible composite film with excellent performance on the surface of the working electrode.
  • the concentration of the electrochemically polymerized monomer includes but is not limited to 8 mg/mL, 8.5 mg/mL, 9 mg/mL, 9.5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, etc.
  • the concentration of the flexible reinforcement Including but not limited to 0.5mg/mL, 0.8mg/mL, 1mg/mL, 1.2mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, etc.
  • the concentration of conductive agent is 4mg/mL, 4.5mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 5.5mg/mL , 6mg/mL, etc.
  • the solvent in the electrolyte is selected from at least one of water and ethanol. These solvents have good solubility for electrochemically polymerized monomers, flexible reinforcements and conductive agents, and provide a solution environment for electrolytic reactions. .
  • the solvent in the electrolyte may be water alone, ethanol alone, or a mixed solution of water and ethanol.
  • the method for preparing the electrolyte includes the steps of: first dissolving the flexible reinforcement in a solvent, then adding electrochemically polymerized monomers and conductive agents to perform mixing again to obtain an electrolyte with good dispersion stability.
  • pyrrole is used as the electrochemically polymerized monomer
  • Ti 2 C is used as the flexible reinforcement
  • sodium p-toluenesulfonate is used as the conductive agent.
  • the preparation steps of the electrolyte include but are not limited to: dispersing Ti 2 C in In the solvent, ultrasonication is performed for 1-3 hours under an inert atmosphere to fully dissolve Ti 2 C in the solvent, prevent Ti 2 C from being oxidized, and improve stability. Then add sodium p-toluenesulfonate and pyrrole for mixing to form a stable electrolyte.
  • the electrode system constructed can be a three-electrode system or a two-electrode system.
  • the electrode system is selected from a three-electrode system, including a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode system. electrode.
  • the three-electrode system has one more reference electrode, which can control the potential of the working electrode more accurately.
  • the working electrode is selected from one of an inert metal sheet, a conductive glass sheet, and a carbon electrode sheet.
  • the inert metal sheet includes platinum sheet, gold sheet, silver sheet, titanium sheet, nickel sheet, stainless steel sheet, etc.
  • the conductive glass sheet includes FTO sheet and ITO sheet, etc.
  • the carbon electrode sheet includes graphite sheet electrode sheet, glass electrode sheet, etc. Carbon electrode sheets, etc.
  • the working electrode used in the embodiment of this application can provide energy for the polymerization reaction of the electrochemically polymerized monomer during the electrolysis process, so that the monomer loses electrons under the action of the electric field and becomes a cationic free radical, which is beneficial to the polymerization between the monomers Form a polymer film.
  • a titanium sheet is selected as the working electrode, and the titanium sheet is used as the working electrode in the electrolysis process. The titanium sheet has good stability and can be recycled, and its area can also be artificially controlled.
  • the counter electrode is selected from one of a platinum counter electrode and a carbon counter electrode, and these counter electrodes can form a series circuit with the working electrode to play a conductive role.
  • the reference electrode is selected from one of a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), an Ag/AgCl electrode, a Hg/HgO electrode, and a Hg/Hg 2 SO 4 electrode.
  • SCE saturated calomel electrode
  • the electrode potential of these reference electrodes is known and stable, that is, the exchange current density of the electrode process is quite high, it is a non-polarized or difficult-to-polarize electrode, and the thermodynamic equilibrium potential can be quickly established, and the electrolyte in these reference electrodes is not compatible with The electrolyte or related substances in the electrolytic cell react, and the temperature coefficient of the electrode potential is small.
  • the penetration of electrolyte ions in these reference electrodes into the solution does not affect the polymerization of electrochemically polymerized monomers on the surface of the working electrode to form a flexible polymer matrix.
  • the conditions of the electrolysis reaction include: electrolysis at a voltage of 10-15V for 10-30 minutes.
  • the voltage of the electrolysis reaction in the embodiment of the present application is 10 ⁇ 15V, which is conducive to the working electrode to provide energy for the polymerization of the electrochemically polymerized monomer, so that the polymer monomer loses electrons on the surface of the working electrode and becomes a cationic free radical. Polymerization of free radicals of monomers, chain growth, and formation of polymer matrix films.
  • the time of the electrolysis reaction can be determined according to the thickness of the flexible composite electrode to be prepared. If it is necessary to prepare a flexible composite electrode with a high thickness and a large size, the electrolysis time can be increased.
  • the electrolysis is carried out for 10-30 minutes under the condition of a voltage of 10-15V, and the obtained flexible composite electrode has a suitable size and follow-up, and can be applied to various flexible devices, such as miniature flexible capacitors.
  • the voltage of the electrolysis reaction includes but not limited to 10V, 11V, 12V, 13V, 14V, 15V, etc.
  • the electrolysis time includes but not limited to 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes Minutes wait.
  • the preparation method of the flexible composite electrode comprises the steps of:
  • the electrochemical polymerization monomer uses pyrrole
  • the flexible reinforcement uses Ti 2 C
  • the conductive agent uses sodium p-toluenesulfonate.
  • the preparation steps of the electrolyte include but are not limited to: dispersing Ti 2 C in a solvent, inert Ultrasound under atmosphere for 1 ⁇ 3 hours, fully dissolve Ti 2 C in the solvent, prevent Ti 2 C from being oxidized, and improve stability. Then add sodium p-toluenesulfonate and pyrrole for mixing to form a stable electrolyte.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a flexible composite electrode prepared by the above method, wherein the flexible composite electrode includes a flexible polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement doped in situ in the flexible polymer matrix.
  • the flexible composite electrode provided by the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application is synthesized by the above method in one step, including a flexible polymer matrix and a flexible reinforcement doped in-situ in the flexible polymer matrix, so the flexible composite electrode and the flexible polymer in the flexible composite electrode
  • the combination stability of the material matrix is good, the flexibility of the composite electrode is effectively enhanced, and a flexible composite electrode with a large size can be obtained, which improves the flexibility and feasibility of being used as an electrode material in a flexible energy storage device.
  • the flexible composite electrode is also doped with a conductivity enhancer; by further doping the conductivity enhancer, the conductivity of the flexible composite electrode is improved, and the electron migration and transmission efficiency of the electrode is improved.
  • the mass ratio of the flexible polymer matrix to the flexible reinforcement is (8-10): (0.5-1.5), which effectively ensures the stability, flexibility and Electrical conductivity. If the content of the flexible polymer matrix is too low, the stability of the flexible composite electrode will be reduced, and if the content of the flexible reinforcement is too low, the flexibility and electrical conductivity of the flexible composite electrode will be reduced.
  • the mass ratio of the flexible polymer matrix and the flexible reinforcement includes but is not limited to (8 ⁇ 9): (0.5 ⁇ 1.5), (9 ⁇ 101): (0.5 ⁇ 1.5) , (8 ⁇ 9): (0.5 ⁇ 1), (9 ⁇ 10): (0.5 ⁇ 1), (8 ⁇ 9): (1 ⁇ 1.5), (9 ⁇ 10): (1 ⁇ 1.5), etc., Preferred (8.5 ⁇ 9): (0.6 ⁇ 1).
  • the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a flexible energy storage device, the flexible energy storage device includes the flexible composite electrode prepared by the above method, or includes the above flexible composite electrode.
  • the flexible energy storage device provided in the third aspect of the embodiment of the present application contains the above-mentioned flexible composite electrode.
  • the composite electrode has good stability, excellent flexibility, and can be bent into any arc to meet the application requirements of flexible energy storage devices of different systems. Improve the stability of the electrochemical performance of the device.
  • the flexible energy storage devices in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to micro flexible capacitors.
  • a kind of flexible composite electrode, its preparation comprises the steps:
  • a kind of flexible composite electrode, its preparation comprises the steps:
  • titanium sheet and platinum sheet were used as reference electrode, working electrode and counter electrode respectively to construct a three-electrode system.
  • the constant voltage method was used at a voltage of 10V for 800s of deposition. After electrodeposition, the Ti 2 C/PPy composite film was removed from the working electrode titanium sheet, washed carefully to remove adsorbed substances and dried at room temperature to obtain a flexible composite electrode.
  • Example 1 The morphology machine of the flexible composite electrode prepared in Example 1 was observed. As shown in Figure 2, the flexible composite electrode prepared in Example 1 of the present application has a complete film layer and a large size.
  • Example 2 The flexibility of the flexible composite electrode prepared in Example 2 was tested. As shown in Figure 3, the flexible composite electrode film layer prepared in Example 2 can be bent into any arc, and can basically be folded in half at 180°. The composite electrode exhibits excellent flexibility.
  • the flexible composite electrode prepared in Example 1 is used as a working electrode, the platinum sheet is used as a counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl)/V is used as a reference electrode to carry out a three-electrode charge and discharge test.
  • the test results are shown in Figure 4 and pass the test. It can be seen from the figure that the capacity of the flexible composite electrode prepared in the embodiment of the present application remains basically unchanged under different current densities, the capacity stability is good, and the rate performance is excellent, which can meet the application requirements of different devices for rate performance.

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Abstract

本申请属于电容器技术领域，尤其涉及一种柔性复合电极及其制备方法，以及一种柔性储能器件。其中，柔性复合电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将电化学聚合单体和柔性增强物溶解于溶剂中，得到电解液；构建电极体系，将所述电解液添加到所述电极体系中，进行电解反应，在工作电极表面形成柔性复合薄膜，分离得到柔性复合电极。本申请柔性复合电极的制备方法，通过一步电解法，便可合成聚合物基体和柔性增强物的柔性复合电极，工艺简单，制备条件温和，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用；且制备的柔性复合电极尺寸可灵活调控，根据不同的应用需求可选择对应尺寸大小的工作电极，从而高效合成柔韧性能优异的复合电极，尤其适用于微型柔性储能器件中。

Description

柔性复合电极及其制备方法、柔性储能器件 技术领域
本申请属于电容器技术领域，尤其涉及一种柔性复合电极及其制备方法，以及一种柔性储能器件。
 背景技术
随着小型微电子学的飞速发展，可穿戴传感器、表皮电子和纳米机器人等各种应用，对便携式或植入式微系统的需求不断增加。超薄、超轻型便携式电子设备的快速发展受到小型储能装置发展的限制。解决这一挑战的一种方法是制造高能量密度、灵活设计和长寿命的微型储能设备。目前，大多数微型设备依靠电池提供所需的能量和动力，开发能够为小型微电子设备供电的动力装置变得非常重要。微型超级电容器，具有足够的功率密度和快速的频率响应，是先进小型化储能设备的首选。尤其是微型柔性超级电容器，具有高功率和能量密度、高速率能力和循环稳定性，这使得它们对未来各种电子应用非常有吸引力。然而，相对较差的电源处理能力和有限的电池寿命，阻碍了它们对需要高电流峰值的系统的适用性。
 技术问题
目前，针对柔性电极的制备方法主要有：金属有机化合物气相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法、催化化学气相沉积法、金属有机化合物热分解法、等离子增强化学气相沉积法、液态源雾化化学沉积法、脉冲激光沉积法、抽滤和滅射法等。这些方法无论是在设备还是技术要求等方面都存在一定的弊端。
 技术解决方案
本申请的目的在于提供一种柔性复合电极及其制备方法，以及一种柔性储能器件，旨在一定程度上解决现有微型柔性超级电容器中柔性电极制备方法复杂，且难以实现大面积柔性电极制备的技术问题。
为实现上述申请目的，本申请采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请提供一种柔性复合电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将电化学聚合单体和柔性增强物溶解于溶剂中，得到电解液；
构建电极体系，将所述电解液添加到所述电极体系中，进行电解反应，在工作电极表面形成柔性复合薄膜，分离得到柔性复合电极。
进一步地，所述电解反应的条件包括：在电压为10~15V的条件下电解10~30分钟。
进一步地，所述电解液中还添加有导电剂。
进一步地，所述电化学聚合单体选自吡咯、苯胺、噻吩中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述柔性增强物选自Ti 2C、石墨烯、碳纳米球、碳纳米管中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述导电剂选自苯磺酸钠、对甲苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述电解液中，所述电化学聚合单体的浓度为8~10 mg/mL，所述柔性增强物的浓度为0.5~1.5 mg/mL，所述导电剂的浓度4~6mg/mL。
进一步地，所述电解液中所述溶剂选自水。
进一步地，所述电极体系选自三电极体系，包括工作电极、对电极和参比电极。
进一步地，所述工作电极选自惰性金属片、导电玻璃片、碳电极片中的一种；
进一步地，所述对电极选自铂对电极、碳对电极中的一种。
进一步地，所述参比电极选自饱和甘汞电极、Ag/AgCl电极、Hg/HgO电极、Hg/Hg 2SO 4电极中的一种。
第二方面，本申请提供一种上述方法制备的柔性复合电极，所述柔性复合电极中包括柔性聚合物基体和原位掺杂在所述柔性聚合物基体中的柔性增强物。
进一步地，所述柔性复合电极中还掺杂有导电增强剂。
进一步地，所述柔性复合电极中，所述柔性聚合物基体和所述柔性增强物的质量比为（8~10）：（0.5~1.5）。
第三方面，本申请提供一种柔性储能器件，所述柔性储能器件中包含有上述方法制备的柔性复合电极，或者包含有上述的柔性复合电极。
 有益效果
本申请第一方面提供的柔性复合电极的制备方法，通过一步电解法，便可合成聚合物基体和柔性增强物的柔性复合电极，无需额外添加引发剂，也无需在苛刻的条件中进行，工艺简单，制备条件温和，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用。且制备的柔性复合电极尺寸可灵活调控，根据不同的应用需求选择对应尺寸大小的工作电极，即可在工作电极表面制得大尺寸的柔性复合电极，且复合电极柔韧性能优异，可以作为电极材料广泛应用于柔性储能器件中，尤其是微型柔性电容器。
本申请第二方面提供的柔性复合电极由上述方法一步合成，包括柔性聚合物基体和原位掺杂在所述柔性聚合物基体中的柔性增强物，因而柔性复合电极中柔性增强物与柔性聚合物基体结合稳定性好，有效增强了复合电极的柔韧性，并且可得到尺寸的柔性复合电极，提高作为电极材料应用于柔性储能器件中灵活性和可行性。
本申请第三方面提供的柔性储能器件，由于包含有上述柔性复合电极，该复合电极稳定性好，柔韧性能优异，可弯曲成任意弧度，满足不同体系柔性储能器件的应用需求，提高器件电化学性能的稳定性。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的柔性复合电极的制备方法的流程示意图；
图2是本申请实施例1提供的电解液装置示意图；
图3是本申请实施例1提供的柔性复合电极的形貌图；
图4是本申请实施例2提供的柔性复合电极的弯折性测试图；
图5是本申请实施例1提供的柔性复合电极的三电极充放电曲线图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请中，术语“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况。其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项（个）或复数项（个）的任意组合。例如，“a，b或c中的至少一项（个）”，或，“a，b和c中的至少一项（个）”，均可以表示：a，b，c，a-b（即a和b），a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c分别可以是单个，也可以是多个。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，部分或全部步骤可以并行执行或先后执行，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
在本申请实施例中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请。在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
本申请实施例说明书中所提到的相关成分的重量不仅仅可以指代各组分的具体含量，也可以表示各组分间重量的比例关系，因此，只要是按照本申请实施例说明书相关组分的含量按比例放大或缩小均在本申请实施例说明书公开的范围之内。具体地，本申请实施例说明书中的质量可以是µg、mg、g、kg等化工领域公知的质量单位。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，用来将目的如物质彼此区分开，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。例如，在不脱离本申请实施例范围的情况下，第一XX也可以被称为第二XX，类似地，第二XX也可以被称为第一XX。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
如附图1所示，本申请实施例第一方面提供一种柔性复合电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S10. 将电化学聚合单体和柔性增强物溶解于溶剂中，得到电解液；
S20. 构建电极体系，将电解液添加到电极体系中，进行电解反应，在工作电极表面形成柔性复合薄膜，分离得到柔性复合电极。
本申请实施例第一方面提供的柔性复合电极的制备方法，以电化学聚合单体和柔性增强物的混合溶液作为电解液，在电极体系中进行电解反应，电化学聚合单体在电场的作用下，工作电极电位为电化学聚合单体提供聚合反应所需的能量，使得单体在电极表面失去电子进行聚合形成柔性聚合物基体。于此同时，将电解液中柔性增强物吸附并结合在柔性聚合物基体中，在工作电极表面形成柔性聚合物基体和柔性增强物的柔性复合薄膜，通过掺杂柔性增强剂可有效提高薄膜的柔韧性。将柔性复合薄膜从电极表面分离，便可得到柔性复合电极。本申请实施例柔性复合电极的制备方法，通过一步电解法，便可合成聚合物基体和柔性增强物的柔性复合电极，无需额外添加引发剂，也无需在苛刻的条件中进行，工艺简单，制备条件温和，适用于工业化大规模生产和应用。且制备的柔性复合电极尺寸可灵活调控，根据不同的应用需求选择对应尺寸大小的工作电极，即可在工作电极表面制得大尺寸的柔性复合电极，且复合电极柔韧性能优异，可以作为电极材料广泛应用于柔性储能器件中，尤其是微型柔性电容器。
在一些实施例中，上述步骤S10中，电解液中还添加有导电剂，在电化学聚合单体在电极表面失去电子进行电化学聚合形成柔性聚合物基体的过过程中，导电剂可结合到柔性聚合物基体中，从而进一步提高柔性复合电极的导电性能，提高电子迁移传输效率。
在一些实施例中，导电剂选自苯磺酸钠、对甲苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的至少一种。进一步地，导电剂优选对甲苯磺酸钠。这些导电剂不但能够增强柔性复合电极的导电性，提高电子迁移传输效率，而且能够加速电化学聚合单体的聚合速率，提高单体聚合效率，缩短反应时间。在一些实施例中，导电剂优选对甲苯磺酸钠，可以加速吡咯等电化学聚合单体聚合，减少柔性复合电极薄膜形成时间，同时对甲苯磺酸钠掺杂到柔性复合电极中，可有效增强电极的导电性能。
在一些实施例中，电解液中，电化学聚合单体选自吡咯、苯胺、噻吩中的至少一种。进一步地，电化学聚合单体优选吡咯。这些电化学聚合单体在电场作用下，工作电极电位能为单体聚合提供所需的能量，单体分子在电场的作用下，在工作电极表面是去电子而成为阳离子自由基，单体自由基之间相互结合，经过链增长形成柔性聚合物基体。在一些实施例中，电化学聚合单体优选吡咯，首先，吡咯单体分子在电场的作用下，会在工作电极的表面失去电子而成为阳离子自由基，然后自由基会与另外的吡咯单体相互结合而成为吡咯的二聚体，经过链增长步骤，最终得到聚吡咯大分子链，在工作电极表面形成柔性聚合物薄膜层。
在一些实施例中，电解液中，柔性增强物选自Ti 2C、石墨烯、碳纳米球、碳纳米管中的至少一种；这些材料添加到复合电极中，均可以增强复合电极薄膜的柔性，同时还具有优异的电化学性能。因而，优选的这些柔性增强物，不但可提高柔性复合电极的柔性，而且可提高柔性复合电极的电化学性。在一些实施例中，柔性增强物选自Ti 2C，Ti 2C表面含有大量的负电荷，可以吸附在工作电极表面的柔性聚合物基体中，与聚合物基体结合稳定性好，提高柔性复合薄膜的稳定性和柔性。另外，Ti 2C具有高体积比容量、金属级导电性、良好的亲水性及丰富的表面化学活性，可提高柔性复合电极的比容量和倍率性能等电化学性能。
在一些实施例中，电解液中，电化学聚合单体的浓度为8~10 mg/mL，柔性增强物的浓度为0.5~1.5 mg/mL，导电剂的浓度4~6mg/mL。本申请实施例电解液中电化学聚合单体、柔性增强物和导电剂的浓度，不但会影响制得的柔性复合电极中柔性增强物和导电剂的掺杂含量，而且会影响柔性复合薄膜的形成。若柔性增强物和导电剂的浓度过低，电化学聚合单体浓度过高，则不利于柔性增强物和导电剂掺杂到聚合物薄膜基体中；若电化学聚合单体浓度过低，柔性增强物和导电剂的浓度过高，则会影响单体聚合，降低单体聚合效率，从而影响聚合物薄膜基体形成，在工作电极表面难以形成完整且性能优异的柔性复合薄膜。在一些实施例中，电解液中，电化学聚合单体的浓度包括但不限于8mg/mL、8.5mg/mL、9mg/mL、9.5mg/mL、10 mg/mL等，柔性增强物的浓度包括但不限于0.5mg/mL、0.8mg/mL、1mg/mL、1.2mg/mL、1.5 mg/mL等，导电剂的浓度4mg/mL、4.5mg/mL、5mg/mL、5.5mg/mL、6mg/mL等。
在一些实施例中，电解液中溶剂选自水、乙醇中的至少一种，这些溶剂对电化学聚合单体、柔性增强物和导电剂均有较好的溶解性能，为电解反应提供溶液环境。在一些实施例中，电解液中溶剂可以单独采用水，也可以单独采用乙醇，也可以采用水和乙醇的混合溶液。
在一些实施例中，配制电解液的方法包括步骤：首先将柔性增强物溶解在溶剂中，然后添加电化学聚合单体以及导电剂再次进行混合处理，得到分散稳定性好的电解液。
在一些具体实施例中，电化学聚合单体采用吡咯，柔性增强物采用Ti 2C，导电剂采用对甲苯磺酸钠，此时电解液的配制步骤包括但不限于：将Ti 2C分散在溶剂中，在惰性气氛下超声1~3小时，使Ti 2C充分溶解在溶剂中，并防止Ti 2C被氧化，提高稳定性。然后添加对甲苯磺酸钠和吡咯进行混哈，形成稳定性的电解液。
在一些实施例中，上述步骤S20中，构建的电极体系可以是三电极体系，也可以是二电极体系在一些实施例中，电极体系选自三电极体系，包括工作电极、对电极和参比电极。相对于二电极体系，三电极体系多了一个参比电极，对工作电极的电位控制更加的精确。
在一些实施例中，工作电极选自惰性金属片、导电玻璃片、碳电极片中的一种。在一些实施例中，惰性金属片包括铂片、金片、银片、钛片、镍片、不锈钢片等，导电玻璃片包括FTO片和ITO片等，碳电极片包括石墨片电极片、玻炭电极片等。本申请实施例采用的工作电极，在电解过程中均能为电化学聚合单体的聚合反应提供能量，使单体在电场的作用下失去电子成为阳离子自由基，有利于单体之间的聚合形成聚合物薄膜。在一些实施例中，工作电极选择钛片，在电解过程中使用钛片作为工作电极，钛片稳定性好，可以循环使用，同时面积也可人为控制。
在一些实施例中，对电极选自铂对电极、碳对电极中的一种，这些对电极均能和工作电极组成一个串联回路，起到导电的作用。
在一些实施例中，参比电极选自饱和甘汞电极（SCE）、Ag/AgCl电极、Hg/HgO电极、Hg/Hg 2SO 4电极中的一种。这些参比电极的电极电势已知且稳定，即电极过程的交换电流密度相当高，是不极化或难极化电极，能迅速建立热力学平衡电位，并且这些参比电极内的电解液不与电解池中的电解液或相关物质反应，电极电位的温度系数小。另外，这些参比电极中的电解液离子渗透到溶液中不会影响电化学聚合单体在工作电极表面的聚合形成柔性聚合物基体。
在一些实施例中，电解反应的条件包括：在电压为10~15V的条件下电解10~30分钟。本申请实施例电解反应的电压为10~15V，该电压大小有利于工作电极为电化学聚合单体的聚合提供能量，使聚合物单体在工作电极的表面失去电子而成为阳离子自由基，通过单体自由基的聚合，链增长，形成聚合物基体薄膜。电解反应的时间可根据待制备的柔性复合电极厚度决定，若需要制备厚度高，大尺寸的柔性复合电极，可提高电解时间。在一些实施例中，在电压为10~15V的条件下电解10~30分钟，得到的柔性复合电极有较合适的尺寸和后续，可应用于多种柔性器件中，如微型柔性电容器等。在一些具体实施例中，电解反应的电压包括但不限于10V、11V、12V、13V、14V、15V等，电解时间包括但不限于10分钟、12分钟、15分钟、20分钟、25分钟、30分钟等。
在一些具体实施例中，柔性复合电极的制备方法，包括步骤：
S11. 电化学聚合单体采用吡咯，柔性增强物采用Ti 2C，导电剂采用对甲苯磺酸钠，此时电解液的配制步骤包括但不限于：将Ti 2C分散在溶剂中，在惰性气氛下超声1~3小时，使Ti 2C充分溶解在溶剂中，并防止Ti 2C被氧化，提高稳定性。然后添加对甲苯磺酸钠和吡咯进行混哈，形成稳定性的电解液。
S21. 将(Ag/AgCl)/V、钛片和铂片分别作为参比电极、工作电极和对电极，构建三电极体系，添加电解液到电解液槽中，在电压为10~15V的条件下电解10~30分钟，在工作电极表面形成柔性复合薄膜，分离得到柔性复合电极。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种上述方法制备的柔性复合电极，柔性复合电极中包括柔性聚合物基体和原位掺杂在柔性聚合物基体中的柔性增强物。
本申请实施例第二方面提供的柔性复合电极由上述方法一步合成，包括柔性聚合物基体和原位掺杂在柔性聚合物基体中的柔性增强物，因而柔性复合电极中柔性增强物与柔性聚合物基体结合稳定性好，有效增强了复合电极的柔韧性，并且可得到尺寸的柔性复合电极，提高作为电极材料应用于柔性储能器件中灵活性和可行性。
在一些实施例中，柔性复合电极中还掺杂有导电增强剂；通过进一步掺杂导电增强剂，提高柔性复合电极导电性能，提高电极的电子迁移传输效率。
在一些实施例中，柔性复合电极中，柔性聚合物基体和柔性增强物的质量比为（8~10）：（0.5~1.5），该质量比有效确保了柔性复合电极稳定性、柔韧性和导电性能。若柔性聚合物基体含量过低，则会降低柔性复合电极的稳定性，若柔性增强物含量过低，则会降低柔性复合电极的柔韧性和导电性能。在一些具体实施例中，柔性复合电极中，柔性聚合物基体和柔性增强物的质量比包括但不限于（8~9）：（0.5~1.5）、（9~101）：（0.5~1.5）、（8~9）：（0.5~1）、（9~10）：（0.5~1）、（8~9）：（1~1.5）、（9~10）：（1~1.5）等，优选（8.5~9）：（0.6~1）。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种柔性储能器件，柔性储能器件中包含有上述方法制备的柔性复合电极，或者包含有上述的柔性复合电极。
本申请实施例第三方面提供的柔性储能器件，由于包含有上述柔性复合电极，该复合电极稳定性好，柔韧性能优异，可弯曲成任意弧度，满足不同体系柔性储能器件的应用需求，提高器件电化学性能的稳定性。
本申请实施例柔性储能器件包括但不限于微型柔性电容器。
为使本申请上述实施细节和操作能清楚地被本领域技术人员理解，以及本申请实施例柔性储能器件及其制备方法的进步性能显著的体现，以下通过多个实施例来举例说明上述技术方案。
实施例1
一种柔性复合电极，其制备包括步骤：
将5mg Ti 2C-MXene 分散在40mL去离子水中，并在Ar流下超声处理2小时以形成均匀的混合溶液后，将0.355g的吡咯和0.955g对甲苯磺酸钠加入上述混合溶液中，混合均匀，得到电解液；
将(Ag/AgCl)/V、钛片和铂片分别作为参比电极、工作电极和对电极，构建三电极体系，如附图2所示。用恒电压法，电压为10V，沉积1200s。电沉积后，将Ti 2C/PPy复合膜从工作电极钛片上取下来，仔细冲洗Ti 2C/PPy复合膜去除吸附物质并在室温下干燥，得到柔性复合电极。
实施例2
一种柔性复合电极，其制备包括步骤：
将10mg Ti 2C-MXene 分散在40mL乙醇中，并在Ar流下超声处理2小时以形成均匀的混合溶液后，将0.355g的吡咯和0.955g对甲苯磺酸钠加入上述混合溶液中，混合均匀，得到电解液；
将(Ag/AgCl)/V、钛片和铂片分别作为参比电极、工作电极和对电极，构建三电极体系，用恒电压法，电压为10V，沉积800s。电沉积后，将Ti 2C/PPy复合膜从工作电极钛片上取下来，仔细冲洗Ti 2C/PPy复合膜去除吸附物质并在室温下干燥，得到柔性复合电极。
进一步的，为了验证本申请实施例的进步性，对实施例制备的柔性复合电极进行了如下性能测试：
1、对实施例1制备的柔性复合电极的形貌机进行了观测，如附图2所示，本申请实施例1制备的柔性复合电极膜层完整，尺寸大。
2、对实施例2制备的柔性复合电极的柔韧性进行了测试，如附图3所示，对实施例2制备的柔性复合电极膜层可以弯曲成任意弧度，基本可以实现180°对折，柔性复合电极表现出优异的柔韧性。
3、将实施例1制备的柔性复合电极作为工作电极，铂片作为对电极，Ag/AgCl)/V作为参比电极，进行三电极充放电测试，测试结果如附图4所示，通过测试图可见，本申请实施例制备的柔性复合电极，在不同电流密度下测得的容量基本维持不变，容量稳定性好，倍率性能优异，可满足不同器件对倍率性的应用需求。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    将电化学聚合单体和柔性增强物溶解于溶剂中，得到电解液；
    构建电极体系，将所述电解液添加到所述电极体系中，进行电解反应，在工作电极表面形成柔性复合薄膜，分离得到柔性复合电极。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电解反应的条件包括：在电压为10~15V的条件下电解10~30分钟。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电解液中还添加有导电剂。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电化学聚合单体选自吡咯、苯胺、噻吩中的至少一种；
    和/或，所述柔性增强物选自Ti 2C、石墨烯、碳纳米球、碳纳米管中的至少一种；
    和/或，所述导电剂选自苯磺酸钠、对甲苯磺酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠中的至少一种。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电解液中，所述电化学聚合单体的浓度为8~10 mg/mL，所述柔性增强物的浓度为0.5~1.5 mg/mL，所述导电剂的浓度4~6mg/mL；
    和/或，所述电解液中所述溶剂选自水。
  6. 如权利要求1、2、4或5任一项所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述电极体系选自三电极体系，包括工作电极、对电极和参比电极。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的柔性复合电极的制备方法，其特征在于，所述工作电极选自惰性金属片、导电玻璃片、碳电极片中的一种；
    和/或，所述对电极选自铂对电极、碳对电极中的一种；
    和/或，所述参比电极选自饱和甘汞电极、Ag/AgCl电极、Hg/HgO电极、Hg/Hg 2SO 4电极中的一种。
  8. 一种如权利要求1~7任一项所述方法制备的柔性复合电极，其特征在于，所述柔性复合电极中包括柔性聚合物基体和原位掺杂在所述柔性聚合物基体中的柔性增强物。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的柔性复合电极，其特征在于，所述柔性复合电极中还掺杂有导电增强剂；
    和/或，所述柔性复合电极中，所述柔性聚合物基体和所述柔性增强物的质量比为（8~10）：（0.5~1.5）。
  10. 一种柔性储能器件，其特征在于，所述柔性储能器件中包含有如权利要求1~7任一项所述方法制备的柔性复合电极，或者包含有如权利要求8~9任一项所述的柔性复合电极。
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