WO2023057851A1 - 表示装置、及び表示装置の作製方法 - Google Patents
表示装置、及び表示装置の作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023057851A1 WO2023057851A1 PCT/IB2022/059070 IB2022059070W WO2023057851A1 WO 2023057851 A1 WO2023057851 A1 WO 2023057851A1 IB 2022059070 W IB2022059070 W IB 2022059070W WO 2023057851 A1 WO2023057851 A1 WO 2023057851A1
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- layer
- light
- emitting
- conductive layer
- display device
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
- H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
- H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8051—Anodes
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
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- H10K59/8052—Cathodes
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
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- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
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- H10K71/60—Forming conductive regions or layers, e.g. electrodes
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a display device, a display module, and an electronic device.
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a display device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices (eg, touch sensors), input/output devices (eg, touch panels), and the like. or methods of manufacturing them.
- Display devices are expected to be applied to various purposes. For example, applications of large display devices include home television devices (also referred to as televisions or television receivers), digital signage (digital signage), and PIDs (Public Information Displays).
- home television devices also referred to as televisions or television receivers
- digital signage digital signage
- PIDs Public Information Displays
- mobile information terminals such as smart phones and tablet terminals with touch panels are being developed.
- VR virtual reality
- AR augmented reality
- SR alternative reality
- MR mixed reality
- VR, AR, SR, and MR are also collectively called xR (Extended Reality).
- Display devices for xR are desired to have high definition and high color reproducibility in order to enhance the sense of reality and immersion.
- a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device As a display device, for example, a light-emitting device having a light-emitting device (also referred to as a light-emitting element) has been developed.
- a light-emitting device also referred to as an EL device or EL element
- EL the phenomenon of electroluminescence
- EL is a DC constant-voltage power supply that can easily be made thin and light, can respond quickly to an input signal, and It is applied to a display device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a display device for VR using an organic EL device (also called an organic EL element).
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with high display quality.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-definition display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-resolution display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high-definition display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high-resolution display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable method for manufacturing a display device.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a display device with high yield.
- One aspect of the present invention is a display device that includes a first light-emitting device, a second light-emitting device, and an insulating layer.
- the first light emitting device has a first pixel electrode, a first EL layer over the first pixel electrode, and a common electrode over the first EL layer.
- the second light emitting device has a second pixel electrode, a second EL layer over the second pixel electrode, and a common electrode over the second EL layer.
- the insulating layer has openings.
- the insulating layer has a first surface in contact with the side surface of the first pixel electrode, a second surface opposite to the first surface, a third surface in contact with the lower surface of the first EL layer, and a second surface.
- the first EL layer has the same material as the second EL layer. The first EL layer is separated from the second EL layer.
- the ratio of the depth of the opening to the film thickness of the first EL layer is preferably 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the width of the opening is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the display device described above preferably has a first colored layer and a second colored layer.
- the first colored layer preferably has a region overlapping the first light emitting device.
- the second colored layer preferably has a region that overlaps with the second light emitting device.
- the light transmitted through the second colored layer preferably has a shorter wavelength than the light transmitted through the first colored layer.
- the display device described above preferably has a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer. Each of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer preferably transmits visible light.
- the first conductive layer is preferably sandwiched between the first pixel electrode and the first EL layer.
- the second conductive layer is preferably sandwiched between the second pixel electrode and the second EL layer.
- the film thickness of the second conductive layer is preferably thinner than the film thickness of the first conductive layer.
- the side surface of the first conductive layer is preferably aligned or substantially aligned with the second surface.
- the side surfaces of the second conductive layer are preferably aligned or substantially aligned with the fifth surface.
- a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode are formed, an insulating film is formed to cover top surfaces and side surfaces of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode, and the insulating film is formed. A part of the insulating layer is removed to form an insulating layer whose height is the same as or approximately the same as the height of the top surface of the first pixel electrode and the height of the top surface of the second pixel electrode, and an opening is formed in the insulating layer.
- the insulating layer has a first surface in contact with the side surface of the first pixel electrode, a second surface facing the first surface, and a third surface in contact with the lower surface of the first EL layer.
- the insulating layer has a region where the height of the third surface matches or substantially matches the height of the top surface of the first pixel electrode. In a cross-sectional view, the angle formed by the second surface and the third surface is 80° or more and 110° or less.
- the first EL layer has the same material as the second EL layer.
- a display device with high display quality can be provided.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a high-definition display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a high-resolution display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention can provide a highly reliable display device.
- a method for manufacturing a high-definition display device can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a high-resolution display device can be provided.
- a highly reliable method for manufacturing a display device can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a display device with high yield can be provided.
- FIG. 1A is a top view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 3A and 3B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views showing an example of the display device.
- 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views showing an example of the display device.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the display device.
- 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- 8A and 8B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 9A and 9B are cross-sectional views showing an example of a display device.
- 10A to 10C are cross-sectional views showing examples of display devices.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 12A to 12E are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 13A to 13C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 14A to 14C are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- 15A to 15G are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 16A to 16K are diagrams showing examples of pixels.
- 17A and 17B are perspective views showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing an example of a display device.
- 26 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display device.
- 27A to 27F are diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
- 28A to 28C are diagrams showing configuration examples of light emitting devices.
- 29A to 29D are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 30A to 30F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 31A to 31G are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- film and layer can be interchanged depending on the case or situation.
- conductive layer can be changed to the term “conductive film.”
- insulating film can be changed to the term “insulating layer”.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- an SBS side-by-side structure
- the material and structure can be optimized for each light-emitting device, so the degree of freedom in selecting the material and structure increases, and it becomes easy to improve luminance and reliability.
- holes or electrons are sometimes referred to as "carriers".
- the hole injection layer or electron injection layer is referred to as a "carrier injection layer”
- the hole transport layer or electron transport layer is referred to as a “carrier transport layer”
- the hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer is referred to as a "carrier It is sometimes called a block layer.
- the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer described above may not be clearly distinguished from each other due to their cross-sectional shape, characteristics, or the like.
- one layer may serve as two or three functions of the carrier injection layer, the carrier transport layer, and the carrier block layer.
- a light-emitting device (also referred to as a light-emitting element) has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes.
- the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer.
- layers included in the EL layer include a light-emitting layer, a carrier-injection layer (a hole-injection layer and an electron-injection layer), a carrier-transport layer (a hole-transport layer and an electron-transport layer), and a carrier block. layers (hole blocking layer and electron blocking layer), and the like.
- one of a pair of electrodes may be referred to as a pixel electrode and the other may be referred to as a common electrode.
- a tapered shape refers to a shape in which at least a part of the side surface of the structure is inclined with respect to the substrate surface. For example, it is preferable to have a region where the angle between the inclined side surface and the substrate surface (also referred to as a taper angle) is less than 90°. Note that the side surfaces of the structure and the substrate surface do not necessarily have to be completely flat, and may be substantially planar with a minute curvature or substantially planar with minute unevenness.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels, and each pixel includes a plurality of subpixels.
- each subpixel includes a light-emitting device and a colored layer.
- Each light-emitting device has EL layers containing the same material.
- the colored layer is provided in a region overlapping with the light emitting device.
- a display device can perform full-color display by providing colored layers that transmit different colors of visible light depending on subpixels.
- layers other than the pixel electrode included in the light-emitting device can be shared by a plurality of sub-pixels.
- multiple sub-pixels can share a stretch of film.
- layers that are relatively highly conductive there are layers that are relatively highly conductive.
- a plurality of sub-pixels share a highly conductive layer as a continuous film, which may cause leakage current between sub-pixels.
- the display device has a high definition or a high aperture ratio and the distance between sub-pixels becomes small, the leak current becomes unignorable, and there is a possibility that the display quality of the display device is deteriorated.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an island-shaped EL layer for each light-emitting device. Since the EL layer is separated for each light emitting device, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels. Accordingly, it is possible to achieve both high definition and high display quality of the display device.
- island-like means that two or more layers formed in the same process using the same material are physically separated.
- an island-shaped EL layer means that the EL layer is physically separated from an adjacent EL layer.
- an island-shaped EL layer can be formed by a vacuum deposition method using a metal mask.
- various influences such as the accuracy of the metal mask, misalignment between the metal mask and the substrate, bending of the metal mask, and broadening of the contour of the film to be formed due to vapor scattering, etc., cause island-like EL.
- the shape and position of the layers deviate from the design, it is difficult to increase the definition and aperture ratio of the display device.
- the edge of the layer may be thin due to blurring of the layer contour during deposition. That is, the thickness of the island-shaped EL layer formed using a metal mask may vary.
- the manufacturing yield will be low due to low dimensional accuracy of the metal mask and deformation due to heat or the like.
- an island-shaped EL layer is formed without using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. Specifically, an insulating layer is provided between pixel electrodes, an opening is formed in the insulating layer, and then an EL layer is formed over a plurality of pixel electrodes. When the EL layer is formed, the EL layer is separated into islands due to the step due to the opening, and one island-shaped EL layer is formed for one pixel electrode. That is, an island-shaped EL layer can be formed for each sub-pixel.
- the EL layer By forming the EL layer in an island shape, functional layers other than the light-emitting layer (for example, a carrier injection layer, a carrier transport layer, or a carrier block layer, more specifically a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron Block layers, etc.) are also formed in an island shape.
- a carrier injection layer for example, a carrier injection layer, a carrier transport layer, or a carrier block layer, more specifically a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron Block layers, etc.
- the functional layer By processing the functional layer into an island shape, it is possible to reduce the leakage current that can occur between adjacent sub-pixels (sometimes called lateral leakage current, lateral leakage current, or lateral leakage current). Become. For example, when a hole injection layer is shared between adjacent sub-pixels, lateral leakage current may occur due to the hole injection layer.
- the hole-injection layer can be processed into an island shape; can be made extremely small.
- each step performed after forming the EL layer is performed at a temperature higher than the heat-resistant temperature of the EL layer, the EL layer may be deteriorated, and the luminous efficiency and reliability of the light-emitting device may decrease. be.
- the heat resistance temperature of the compounds contained in the light-emitting device is preferably 100° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, preferably 120° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, and 140° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower. more preferred.
- heat resistant temperature indicators examples include glass transition point (Tg), softening point, melting point, thermal decomposition temperature, and 5% weight loss temperature.
- Tg glass transition point
- softening point melting point
- thermal decomposition temperature thermal decomposition temperature
- 5% weight loss temperature 5% weight loss temperature.
- the glass transition point of the material of the layer can be used as an index of the heat resistance temperature of each layer forming the EL layer.
- the glass transition point of the material of the layer can be used.
- the layer is a mixed layer made of a plurality of materials
- the glass transition point of the most abundant material can be used.
- the lowest temperature among the glass transition points of the plurality of materials may be used.
- the heat resistance temperature of the functional layer provided on the light emitting layer it is preferable to increase the heat resistance temperature of the functional layer provided on the light emitting layer. Further, it is more preferable to increase the heat resistance temperature of the functional layer provided on and in contact with the light emitting layer. Since the functional layer has high heat resistance, the light-emitting layer can be effectively protected, and damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced.
- the heat resistance temperature of the light-emitting layer it is preferable to increase the heat resistance temperature of the light-emitting layer. As a result, it is possible to prevent the light-emitting layer from being damaged by heating, thereby reducing the light-emitting efficiency and shortening the life of the light-emitting layer.
- the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- the width of the temperature range in the manufacturing process of the display device can be widened, and the manufacturing yield and reliability can be improved.
- FIG. 1A A top view of a display device 100 that is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1A.
- the display device 100 has a display section in which a plurality of pixels 110 are arranged in a matrix, and a connection section 140 outside the display section. Pixels 110 each have a plurality of sub-pixels.
- FIG. 1A shows two rows and two columns of pixels 110 . Also, sub-pixels for 2 rows and 6 columns are shown as a configuration in which each pixel 110 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c).
- the connection portion 140 can also be called a cathode contact portion.
- Each sub-pixel has a light-emitting device.
- the shape of the sub-pixel shown in FIG. 1A in plan view corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting device.
- the top surface shape of a sub-pixel can be, for example, a triangle, a quadrangle (including a rectangle and a square), a polygon such as a pentagon, a shape with rounded corners of these polygons, an ellipse, or a circle.
- Each sub-pixel has a pixel circuit that has the function of controlling a light-emitting device.
- the pixel circuit is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in FIG. 1A, and may be arranged outside thereof.
- the transistors included in the pixel circuit of sub-pixel 110a may be located within sub-pixel 110b shown in FIG. 1A, or some or all may be located outside sub-pixel 110a.
- the sub-pixel 110a, the sub-pixel 110b, and the sub-pixel 110c have the same aperture ratio (it can be said that the size is the same, and the size of the light-emitting region is the same) or approximately the same, but this is one embodiment of the present invention. Not limited.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixel 110a, the sub-pixel 110b, and the sub-pixel 110c can be determined as appropriate.
- the aperture ratios of the sub-pixel 110a, the sub-pixel 110b, and the sub-pixel 110c may be different, and two or more may be equal or substantially equal.
- Pixel 110 shown in FIG. 1A is composed of three sub-pixels, sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c.
- Subpixel 110a, subpixel 110b, and subpixel 110c exhibit different colors of light.
- Sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c are sub-pixels of three colors of red (R), green (G), blue (B), yellow (Y), cyan (C), and magenta (M). , and the like.
- the number of sub-pixel color types is not limited to three, and may be four or more.
- four-color sub-pixels for example, four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and white (W), four-color sub-pixels of R, G, B, and Y, and R, G, B, and infrared (IR) four color sub-pixels.
- W white
- IR infrared
- the row direction is sometimes called the X direction
- the column direction is sometimes called the Y direction.
- the X and Y directions intersect, for example perpendicularly (see FIG. 1A).
- FIG. 1A shows an example in which sub-pixels of different colors are arranged side by side in the X direction and sub-pixels of the same color are arranged side by side in the Y direction.
- FIG. 1A shows an example in which the connecting portion 140 is positioned on one side of the display portion when viewed from above
- the connection portion 140 may be provided in at least one location of the display portion when viewed from above, and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the shape of the upper surface of the connecting portion 140 is not particularly limited, and may be strip-shaped, L-shaped, U-shaped, frame-shaped, or the like. Moreover, the number of connection parts 140 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 1B shows cross-sectional views between dashed line X1-X2 and dashed line Y1-Y2 in FIG. 1A.
- An enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 1B is shown in FIG.
- a configuration in which red light is emitted from the sub-pixel 110a, green light is emitted from the sub-pixel 110b, and blue light is emitted from the sub-pixel 110c will be described as an example.
- the sub-pixel 110a has a light-emitting device 130a and a colored layer 132R that transmits red light. As a result, light emitted from the light emitting device 130a is extracted as red light to the outside of the display device via the colored layer 132R.
- the sub-pixel 110b has a light-emitting device 130b and a colored layer 132G that transmits green light. As a result, light emitted from the light emitting device 130b is extracted as green light to the outside of the display device through the colored layer 132G.
- the sub-pixel 110c has a light-emitting device 130c and a colored layer 132B that transmits blue light. As a result, light emitted from the light emitting device 130c is extracted as blue light to the outside of the display device through the colored layer 132B.
- the letters distinguishing them may be omitted, and the light-emitting device 130 may be used.
- the symbols omitting the alphabets may be used for description. be.
- the display device 100 includes an insulating layer provided on the layer 101, a light-emitting device 130a, a light-emitting device 130b, and a light-emitting device 130c provided on the insulating layer. is provided with a protective layer 131 .
- a colored layer 132 ⁇ /b>R, a colored layer 132 ⁇ /b>G, and a colored layer 132 ⁇ /b>B are provided on the protective layer 131 , and the substrate 120 is bonded with the resin layer 122 .
- An insulating layer 181 is provided between adjacent light emitting devices 130 .
- a structure in which a colored layer that transmits white light is provided or a structure in which no colored layer is provided may be used.
- Layer 101 preferably includes pixel circuits that function to control light emitting devices 130 .
- a pixel circuit can have a structure including a transistor, a capacitor, and a wiring, for example.
- the layer 101 may have one or both of a gate line driver circuit (gate driver) and a source line driver circuit (source driver) in addition to the pixel circuit.
- gate driver gate line driver circuit
- source driver source driver
- an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit may be included.
- the layer 101 can have a structure in which a pixel circuit is provided on a semiconductor substrate or an insulating substrate.
- a semiconductor substrate a single crystal semiconductor substrate made of silicon or silicon carbide, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate made of silicon germanium or the like, an SOI substrate, or the like can be used.
- a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, a ceramic substrate, or an organic resin substrate can be used as the insulating substrate.
- the shape of the semiconductor substrate and the insulating substrate may be circular or rectangular.
- a substrate having heat resistance that can withstand at least later heat treatment can be used.
- a laminated structure of a substrate provided with a plurality of transistors and an insulating layer covering these transistors can be applied.
- An insulating layer over a transistor may have a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure.
- FIG. 1B shows an insulating layer 255a, an insulating layer 255b over the insulating layer 255a, and an insulating layer 255c over the insulating layer 255b among the insulating layers over the transistor.
- These insulating layers may have recesses between adjacent light emitting devices.
- FIG. 1B and the like show an example in which a concave portion is provided in the insulating layer 255c.
- the insulating layer 255c may not have recesses between adjacent light emitting devices. Note that the insulating layers (the insulating layers 255a to 255c) over the transistors can also be regarded as part of the layer 101 including the transistors.
- Various inorganic insulating films such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be preferably used for each of the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the insulating layer 255c.
- An oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film is preferably used for each of the insulating layers 255a and 255c.
- a nitride insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film or a nitride oxide insulating film is preferably used for the insulating layer 255b. More specifically, a silicon oxide film is preferably used for the insulating layers 255a and 255c, and a silicon nitride film is preferably used for the insulating layer 255b.
- the insulating layer 255b preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- the light emitting device 130 it is preferable to use, for example, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode).
- the light-emitting substance included in the light-emitting device 130 include a substance that emits fluorescence (fluorescent material), a substance that emits phosphorescence (phosphorescent material), and a substance that exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF) materials).
- a light-emitting substance included in an EL element not only an organic compound but also an inorganic compound (such as a quantum dot material) can be used.
- an LED such as a micro LED (Light Emitting Diode) can be used as the light emitting device 130 .
- the emission color of the light emitting device 130 can be infrared, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like. Also, the color purity can be enhanced by providing the light-emitting device 130 with a microcavity structure.
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention is a top emission type in which light is emitted in a direction opposite to a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed, and light is emitted toward a substrate over which a light-emitting device is formed.
- a bottom emission type bottom emission type
- a double emission type dual emission type in which light is emitted from both sides may be used.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light can be used for the electrode from which light is extracted, and a conductive film that reflects visible light can be used for the electrode from which light is not extracted.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light may also be used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is preferably provided between the conductive film that reflects visible light and the EL layer.
- one electrode functions as an anode and the other electrode functions as a cathode.
- the case where the pixel electrode functions as an anode and the common electrode functions as a cathode may be taken as an example.
- the light emitting device 130a has a pixel electrode 111a on the insulating layer 255c, an island-shaped EL layer 113 on the pixel electrode 111a, and a common electrode 115 on the EL layer 113.
- the light-emitting device 130 b has a pixel electrode 111 b on the insulating layer 255 c , an island-shaped EL layer 113 on the pixel electrode 111 b , and a common electrode 115 on the EL layer 113 .
- the light emitting device 130c has a pixel electrode 111c on the insulating layer 255c, an EL layer 113 on the pixel electrode 111c, and a common electrode 115 on the EL layer 113.
- a display device which is one embodiment of the present invention includes an island-shaped EL layer 113 for each light-emitting device 130 .
- the light-emitting device 130a, the light-emitting device 130b, and the light-emitting device 130c each have an EL layer 113, and each EL layer 113 is separated without having a region in contact with each other.
- the island-shaped EL layer 113 for each light-emitting device 130 By providing the island-shaped EL layer 113 for each light-emitting device 130, leakage current between adjacent light-emitting devices 130 can be suppressed. Thereby, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display device with extremely high contrast can be realized. In particular, a display device with high current efficiency at low luminance can be realized.
- Each EL layer 113 can be formed in the same process using the same material. Since the EL layer 113 has the same structure in the light-emitting device 130a, the light-emitting device 130b, and the light-emitting device 130c, manufacturing steps of the display device can be reduced, and manufacturing cost can be reduced and manufacturing yield can be improved. Become.
- the insulating layer 181 provided between the adjacent light emitting devices 130 has a region in contact with the side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c and the upper surface of the insulating layer 255c.
- the side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c with the insulating layer 181 contact between the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c and the common electrode 115 can be suppressed. can be suppressed. Thereby, the reliability of the light emitting device 130 can be improved.
- impurities typically, , water and oxygen
- FIG. 1B shows a plurality of cross sections of the insulating layer 181, the insulating layer 181 is connected to one when viewed from above. That is, the display device 100 can be configured to have one insulating layer 181, for example. Note that the display device 100 may have a plurality of insulating layers 181 separated from each other.
- the top surface of the insulating layer 181 is flush with or substantially flush with the top surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c.
- the EL layer 113 is provided to cover the top surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111 a , 111 b , and 111 c and the top surface of the insulating layer 181 .
- the insulating layer 181 has an opening 187 .
- the opening 187 should just be concave in sectional view.
- a layer other than the insulating layer 181 (for example, the insulating layer 255b) may be exposed in the opening 187.
- the EL layer 113 may have a region in contact with the side surface of the insulating layer 181 .
- the EL layer 113 is formed on the top surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c, which are the surfaces on which the EL layers 113 are formed, and the top surface and side surfaces of the insulating layer 181. have areas that are not The area can be called a discontinuous area.
- FIG. 2 shows a structure in which regions (discontinuous regions) where the EL layer 113 is not formed are provided on part of the side surface and part of the top surface of the insulating layer 181 .
- the surface on which the EL layer 113 is formed has steps caused by the openings 187 . Due to the step, the coverage of the EL layer 113 is reduced, and a stepped region of the EL layer 113 can be provided.
- the shape of the insulating layer 181 will be described by taking the region between the pixel electrode 111b and the pixel electrode 111c shown in FIG. 2 as an example.
- the insulating layer 181 has a first surface in contact with the side surface of the pixel electrode 111b, a second surface facing the first surface, and the EL layer 113 on the pixel electrode 111b. and a third surface in contact with the lower surface of the.
- the insulating layer 181 has a fourth surface in contact with the side surface of the pixel electrode 111c, a fifth surface opposite to the fourth surface, and a sixth surface in contact with the lower surface of the EL layer 113 on the pixel electrode 111c.
- the height of the third surface, the height of the sixth surface, the height of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111b, and the height of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111c are the same or higher. It has roughly matching regions.
- the insulating layer 181 positioned between the pixel electrode 111b and the pixel electrode 111c has been described here, the insulating layer 181 positioned between the other pixel electrodes 111 is the same.
- the insulating layer 181 positioned between the pixel electrode 111a and the pixel electrode 111b can also refer to the above description.
- the second surface and the fifth surface may be referred to as side surfaces of the opening 187.
- the angle ⁇ 1 between the side surface of the opening 187 and the upper surface of the insulating layer 181 is preferably vertical or substantially vertical.
- the angle ⁇ 1 can also be said to be the angle formed by the side surface and the top surface of the insulating layer 181 above the opening 187 . If the value of the angle ⁇ 1 is large, the coverage of the EL layer 113 increases, and there is a possibility that the EL layer 113 may not have a stepped region.
- the angle ⁇ 1 is preferably 80° or more and 110° or less, more preferably 80° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 95° or less.
- angle ⁇ 1 By setting the angle ⁇ 1 within the range described above, it is possible to provide the stepped region of the EL layer 113 and to prevent the side surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c from being exposed.
- the angle ⁇ 1 can also be said to be the angle formed by the second and third surfaces or the angle formed by the fifth and sixth surfaces.
- FIG. 2 and the like representatively show the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the second surface and the third surface.
- the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the side surface of the opening 187 and the upper surface of the insulating layer 181 is preferably vertical or substantially vertical.
- the angle ⁇ 2 can also be said to be the angle formed by the side surface and the top surface of the insulating layer 181 at the bottom of the opening 187 . If the angle ⁇ 2 is large, the coverage of the EL layer 113 is increased, and there is a possibility that the EL layer 113 may not have a discontinuous region.
- the angle ⁇ 2 is preferably 80° or more and 110° or less, more preferably 80° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 95° or less.
- the angle ⁇ 1 is within the range described above, the corners of the upper end portion of the insulating layer 181 may be rounded as shown in FIG. 3A. When the corners of the upper end portion of the insulating layer 181 are rounded, for example, as shown in FIG. can be specified.
- the angle ⁇ 2 can be defined by a tangent line in contact with the upper surface of the insulating layer 181 and a tangent line in contact with the side surface of the insulating layer 181 that is not in contact with the insulating layer 255c.
- An organic layer 119 may be provided in the opening 187 .
- the organic layer 119 is formed by reaching the opening 187 with the material of the EL layer 113 when the EL layer 113 is formed. That is, the organic layer 119 is formed using the same material and in the same process as the EL layer 113 .
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which organic layer 119 is provided on insulating layer 181 at the bottom of opening 187 .
- the bottom of opening 187 may be covered with organic layer 119 or insulating layer 181 may be exposed.
- the organic layer 119 preferably does not have a region in contact with the EL layer 113 . If the organic layer 119 has a region in contact with the EL layer 113, the EL layers 113 of adjacent light-emitting devices 130 are connected through the organic layer 119, which may cause leak current. Moreover, it is preferable that the organic layer 119 does not have a region in contact with the side surface of the insulating layer 181 . If the organic layer 119 has a region in contact with the side surface of the insulating layer 181 , the EL layers 113 of adjacent light emitting devices 130 may be connected through the organic layer 119 . In the opening 187 , the insulating layer 181 preferably has a region that is in contact with neither the EL layer 113 nor the organic layer 119 .
- An inorganic material can be used for the insulating layer 181 .
- the insulating layer 181 can use, for example, one or more of oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, or oxynitrides.
- the insulating layer 181 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure.
- Oxides include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, gallium oxide, germanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, neodymium oxide, hafnium oxide, and tantalum oxide.
- Nitrides include silicon nitride and aluminum nitride.
- Oxynitrides include silicon oxynitride and aluminum oxynitride.
- Nitride oxides include silicon oxynitride and aluminum oxynitride.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- An insulating layer 181 can be formed.
- the insulating layer 181 may have a layered structure of a film formed by an ALD method and a film formed by a sputtering method.
- the insulating layer 181 may have, for example, a laminated structure of an aluminum oxide film formed by ALD and a silicon nitride film formed by sputtering.
- the insulating layer 181 preferably functions as a barrier insulating layer against at least one of water and oxygen. Moreover, the insulating layer 181 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of at least one of water and oxygen. Further, the insulating layer 181 preferably has a function of capturing or fixing at least one of water and oxygen (also referred to as gettering).
- a barrier insulating layer indicates an insulating layer having barrier properties.
- barrier property refers to a function of suppressing diffusion of a corresponding substance (also referred to as low permeability).
- the corresponding substance has a function of capturing or fixing (also called gettering).
- the insulating layer 181 has a function as a barrier insulating layer or a gettering function, it is possible to suppress entry of impurities (typically, water and oxygen) that can diffuse into each light-emitting device from the outside. Become. By suppressing the penetration of impurities, for example, it is possible to suppress the pixel electrode 111 from being oxidized and increasing the resistance. In addition, diffusion of impurities into the EL layer 113 through the pixel electrode 111 can be suppressed. Therefore, a highly reliable light-emitting device and a highly reliable display device can be obtained.
- impurities typically, water and oxygen
- the insulating layer 181 preferably has a low impurity concentration. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent impurities from diffusing from the insulating layer 181 to the EL layer 113 through the pixel electrode 111 and deterioration of the EL layer 113 . In addition, by reducing the impurity concentration of the insulating layer 181, the barrier property of the insulating layer 181 against at least one of water and oxygen can be improved.
- the insulating layer 181 preferably has sufficiently low hydrogen concentration and/or carbon concentration, or preferably both.
- the insulating layer 181 a material that can be used for the insulating layer 255c can be used.
- the same material can be used for the insulating layer 181 and the insulating layer 255c.
- the boundary between the insulating layer 181 and the insulating layer 255c becomes unclear and cannot be distinguished, and may be recognized as one layer.
- a void 183 may be provided in a region of the opening 187 where neither the EL layer 113 nor the organic layer 119 is provided.
- the void 183 contains, for example, one or more selected from air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and group 18 elements (typically helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, etc.).
- the void 183 may contain, for example, a gas used for forming the common electrode 115 .
- the gap 183 may contain argon.
- gas can be identified by gas chromatography, for example. Note that the upper end of the region where the gap 183 is provided may be positioned higher than the opening 187 .
- the ratio (T1/T2) of the depth T1 of the opening 187 to the film thickness T2 of the EL layer 113 is preferably 0.5 or more and 10.0 or less, more preferably 0.5 or more and 5.0 or less, and further preferably 0.
- the display device having the island-shaped EL layer 113 can be manufactured with high productivity. can.
- the depth T1 of the opening 187 indicates the difference between the highest upper surface position and the lowest upper surface position of the insulating layer 181 in a cross-sectional view.
- the film thickness T2 of the EL layer 113 refers to the difference between the top surface position and the bottom surface position of the EL layer 113 in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111 in a cross-sectional view.
- the width W1 of the opening 187 is narrow, the organic layer 119 and the EL layer 113 may come into contact with each other, and the EL layers 113 of the adjacent light-emitting devices 130 may be connected through the organic layer 119 .
- the width W1 of the opening 187 is large, the distance between the light emitting devices 130 is increased, and the definition and aperture ratio of the display device may be decreased.
- the width W1 of the opening 187 is wide, it is possible to suppress a connection failure due to step disconnection of the common electrode 115 or an increase in electrical resistance due to local thinning of the common electrode 115 .
- the width W1 of the opening 187 is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, further preferably 100 nm or more and 400 nm or less, further preferably 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, further preferably 150 nm or more and 300 nm or less, Furthermore, 150 nm or more and 250 nm or less is preferable.
- the width W1 of the opening 187 indicates the shortest distance between the side surfaces of the insulating layer 181 facing each other within the opening 187 in a cross-sectional view.
- the distance W2 between the edges of adjacent EL layers 113 may be smaller than the width W1 of the opening 187.
- the distance W2 between the ends of the EL layer 113 indicates the distance between the outermost end of the EL layer 113 and the outermost end of the adjacent EL layer 113 .
- the film thickness T3 of the common electrode 115 refers to the difference between the positions of the upper surface and the lower surface of the common electrode 115 in the region overlapping the pixel electrode 111 in a cross-sectional view.
- an end portion of the EL layer 113 may be located on the insulating layer 181 above the opening 187 .
- an end portion of the EL layer 113 may be positioned over the pixel electrode 111 . That is, the distance W2 between the ends of adjacent EL layers 113 may be equal to or larger than the width W1 of the opening 187.
- the aforementioned angle ⁇ 1, angle ⁇ 2, depth T1, film thickness T2, film thickness T3, width W1, and distance W2 are, for example, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a cross section of the light emitting device 130, a transmission It can be measured by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 1B and the like show an example in which the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the end of the conductive layer 123 are each vertical or substantially vertical; however, one embodiment of the present invention is limited to this.
- can't Edges of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 may each have a tapered shape.
- the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the end portions of the conductive layer 123 may each have a tapered shape.
- the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention does not have an insulating layer between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113 to cover the edge of the top surface of the pixel electrode 111 . Therefore, the interval between adjacent light emitting devices 130 can be extremely narrowed. Therefore, a high-definition or high-resolution display device can be obtained. Moreover, a mask for forming the insulating layer is not required, and the manufacturing cost of the display device can be reduced.
- a configuration in which no insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113 to cover the edge of the upper surface of the pixel electrode 111 in other words, a configuration in which no insulating layer is provided between the pixel electrode 111 and the EL layer 113. Accordingly, light emitted from the EL layer 113 can be efficiently extracted. Therefore, the viewing angle dependency of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be extremely reduced. By reducing the viewing angle dependency, it is possible to improve the visibility of the image on the display device.
- the viewing angle (the maximum angle at which a constant contrast ratio is maintained when the screen is viewed obliquely) is 100° or more and less than 180°, preferably 150°. It can be in the range of 170° or more. It should be noted that the above viewing angle can be applied to each of the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the light-emitting device 130 may have a single structure (structure having only one light-emitting unit) or a tandem structure (structure having multiple light-emitting units).
- the light-emitting unit has at least one light-emitting layer.
- the EL layer 113 has at least a light-emitting layer. Also, the EL layer 113 may have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- the EL layer 113 can have a light-emitting material that emits blue light and a light-emitting material that emits visible light with a longer wavelength than blue.
- the EL layer 113 includes a light-emitting material that emits blue light and a light-emitting material that emits yellow light, or a light-emitting material that emits blue light, a light-emitting material that emits green light, and a light-emitting material that emits red light. and a light-emitting material that emits light of .
- the light-emitting device 130a, the light-emitting device 130b, and the light-emitting device 130c are single-structure light-emitting devices having two light-emitting layers, for example, a light-emitting layer that emits yellow (Y) light and a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light.
- a device or a single-structure light-emitting device having three light-emitting layers a light-emitting layer that emits red (R) light, a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light, and a light-emitting layer that emits blue light can be done.
- the number of laminations of the light-emitting layers and the order of colors can be a three-layer structure of R, G, and B or a three-layer structure of R, B, and G from the anode side.
- Another layer also referred to as a buffer layer
- tandem structure light-emitting device 130 When the tandem structure light-emitting device 130 is used, a two-stage tandem structure having a light-emitting unit that emits yellow light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue light, a light-emitting unit that emits red and green light, and a light-emitting unit that emits blue light. or a light-emitting unit that emits blue light, a light-emitting unit that emits yellow, yellow-green, or green light, and red light, and a light-emitting unit that emits blue light.
- a three-stage tandem structure having in this order can be applied.
- the number of stacked layers and the order of colors of the light-emitting unit include, from the anode side, a two-stage structure of B and Y, a two-stage structure of B and X, and a three-stage structure of B, X and B.
- the number of laminated layers and the order of colors of the light-emitting layers are, from the anode side, a two-layer structure of R and Y, a two-layer structure of R and G, a two-layer structure of G and R, a three-layer structure of G, R, and G, or R , G, and R, or the like.
- another layer may be provided between the two light-emitting layers.
- the EL layer 113 has a plurality of light-emitting units.
- a charge generating layer is preferably provided between each light emitting unit.
- the light-emitting unit has at least one light-emitting layer.
- the light emitting device 130 can emit white light.
- the light emitting unit may have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
- the light-emitting device 130 configured to emit white light may emit light with a specific wavelength such as red, green, blue, or infrared light enhanced.
- the EL layer 113 may have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer in this order. Moreover, you may have an electron block layer between a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer. Further, a hole blocking layer may be provided between the electron transport layer and the light emitting layer. Moreover, you may have an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- the EL layer 113 may have an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a light emitting layer, and a hole transport layer in this order.
- a hole blocking layer may be provided between the electron transport layer and the light emitting layer.
- you may have an electron block layer between a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer may be provided on the hole transport layer.
- the EL layer 113 preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) on the light-emitting layer. Further, the EL layer 113 preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier blocking layer (a hole blocking layer or an electron blocking layer) over the light-emitting layer. Further, the EL layer 113 preferably has a light-emitting layer, a carrier-blocking layer over the light-emitting layer, and a carrier-transporting layer over the carrier-blocking layer.
- the carrier-transporting layer and the carrier-blocking layer is provided over the light-emitting layer to prevent the light-emitting layer from being exposed to the outermost surface. , the damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced. This can improve the reliability of the light emitting device.
- the heat resistance temperature of the compounds contained in the EL layer 113 is preferably 100° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, preferably 120° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, and more preferably 140° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower.
- the glass transition point (Tg) of these compounds is preferably 100° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, preferably 120° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower, and more preferably 140° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower.
- the heat resistance temperature of the functional layer provided on the light emitting layer is high. Further, it is more preferable that the functional layer provided in contact with the light-emitting layer has a high heat resistance temperature. Since the functional layer has high heat resistance, the light-emitting layer can be effectively protected, and damage to the light-emitting layer can be reduced.
- the heat-resistant temperature of the light-emitting layer is high. As a result, it is possible to prevent the light-emitting layer from being damaged by heating, thereby reducing the light-emitting efficiency and shortening the life of the light-emitting layer.
- the light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting organic compound, guest material, etc.) and an organic compound (also referred to as a host material, etc.). Since the light-emitting layer contains more organic compounds than the light-emitting substance, the Tg of the organic compound can be used as an index of the heat-resistant temperature of the light-emitting layer.
- the EL layer 113 has, for example, a first light-emitting unit, a charge generation layer, and a second light-emitting unit.
- the second light-emitting unit preferably has a light-emitting layer and a carrier-transporting layer (electron-transporting layer or hole-transporting layer) on the light-emitting layer. Also, the second light emitting unit preferably has a light emitting layer and a carrier blocking layer (hole blocking layer or electron blocking layer) on the light emitting layer. Also, the second light emitting unit preferably has a light emitting layer, a carrier blocking layer on the light emitting layer, and a carrier transport layer on the carrier blocking layer.
- the light-emitting unit provided in the uppermost layer preferably has a light-emitting layer and one or both of a carrier transport layer and a carrier block layer over the light-emitting layer.
- FIG. 1B shows an example in which the edge of the EL layer 113 is located outside the edge of the pixel electrode 111 .
- the entire upper surface of the pixel electrode 111 can be used as a light-emitting region, which is different from the structure in which the end portion of the island-shaped EL layer 113 is located inside the end portion of the pixel electrode 111 . Therefore, it becomes easy to increase the aperture ratio.
- a common electrode 115 is provided on the EL layer 113 .
- Common electrode 115 is shared by light emitting device 130a, light emitting device 130b, and light emitting device 130c.
- a common electrode 115 shared by the plurality of light emitting devices 130 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 123 provided in the connecting portion 140 (see FIG. 1B).
- the conductive layer 123 is preferably formed using the same material and in the same process as the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c.
- a protective layer 131 is preferably provided on the light emitting device 130a, the light emitting device 130b, and the light emitting device 130c. By providing the protective layer 131, the reliability of the light emitting device 130 can be improved.
- the protective layer 131 may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the conductivity of the protective layer 131 does not matter. At least one of an insulating film, a semiconductor film, and a conductive film can be used for the protective layer 131 .
- the protective layer 131 By including an inorganic film in the protective layer 131, deterioration of the light-emitting device is suppressed, such as prevention of oxidation of the common electrode 115 and entry of impurities (moisture, oxygen, etc.) into the light-emitting device. Reliability can be improved.
- the protective layer 131 an inorganic film including, for example, oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxynitrides can be used. Specific examples thereof are as described in the description of the insulating layer 181 .
- the protective layer 131 preferably contains a nitride insulator or a nitride oxide, and more preferably contains a nitride.
- the protective layer 131 includes In—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITO), In—Zn oxide, Ga—Zn oxide, Al—Zn oxide, or indium gallium zinc oxide (In—Ga—Zn oxide, An inorganic film containing IGZO) or the like can also be used.
- the inorganic film preferably has a high resistance, and specifically, preferably has a higher resistance than the common electrode 115 .
- the inorganic film may further contain nitrogen.
- the protective layer 131 When the light emitted from the light-emitting device is taken out through the protective layer 131, the protective layer 131 preferably has high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layer 131 preferably has high transparency to visible light.
- ITO, IGZO, and aluminum oxide are preferable because they are inorganic materials with high transparency to visible light.
- the protective layer 131 for example, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and a silicon nitride film over the aluminum oxide film, a stacked structure of an aluminum oxide film and an IGZO film over the aluminum oxide film, or the like can be used. .
- impurities such as water and oxygen
- the protective layer 131 may have an organic film.
- organic materials that can be used for the protective layer 131 include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, imide resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, silicone resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene resins, phenol resins, and the like. A resin precursor or the like may also be used.
- the protective layer 131 may have both an organic film and an inorganic film.
- the protective layer 131 may have, for example, a laminated structure of an organic film and an inorganic film.
- the protective layer 131 may have a laminated structure formed using a different film formation method. Specifically, a layered structure of a first layer formed using an ALD method and a second layer formed over the first layer using a sputtering method can be employed.
- a light shielding layer may be provided on the surface of the substrate 120 on the resin layer 122 side.
- various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 120 .
- optical members include polarizing plates, retardation plates, light diffusion layers (diffusion films, etc.), antireflection layers, light collecting films, and the like.
- an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that prevents adhesion of dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses the occurrence of scratches due to use, a shock absorption layer, etc. Layers may be arranged.
- the surface protective layer may be made of DLC (diamond-like carbon), aluminum oxide (AlO x ), polyester-based material, polycarbonate-based material, or the like.
- a material having a high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the surface protective layer.
- Glass, quartz, ceramics, sapphire, resin, metal, alloy, semiconductor, etc. can be used for the substrate 120 .
- a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate on the side from which the light from the light-emitting device is extracted.
- Using a flexible material for the substrate 120 can increase the flexibility of the display device.
- a polarizing plate may be used as the substrate 120 .
- the substrate 120 is made of polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, Polyamide resin (nylon, aramid, etc.), polysiloxane resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polypropylene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, ABS A resin, cellulose nanofiber, or the like can be used.
- polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethylmethacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, Polyamide resin
- a substrate having high optical isotropy has small birefringence (it can be said that the amount of birefringence is small).
- the absolute value of the retardation (retardation) value of the substrate with high optical isotropy is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less, and even more preferably 10 nm or less.
- Films with high optical isotropy include triacetylcellulose (TAC, also called cellulose triacetate) films, cycloolefin polymer (COP) films, cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, and acrylic films.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- the film When a film is used as a substrate, the film may absorb water, and the shape of the display device may change, such as wrinkling. Therefore, it is preferable to use a film having a low water absorption rate as the substrate. For example, it is preferable to use a film with a water absorption of 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and even more preferably 0.01% or less.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- FIG. 1B shows an example in which colored layers 132R, 132G, and 132B are provided directly on the light-emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c with the protective layer 131 interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 4A A cross-sectional view of a display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4A. For a top view, see FIG. 1A. An enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4A is shown in FIG. 4B.
- the display device shown in FIG. 4A and the like is mainly different from the display device shown in ⁇ Configuration Example 1> in that openings 187 are provided in the insulating layer 181 and the insulating layer 255c.
- FIG. 4A and others show examples in which the opening 187 reaches the insulating layer 255b.
- organic layer 119 is provided on insulating layer 255b.
- the bottom of opening 187 may be covered with organic layer 119, or insulating layer 255b may be exposed.
- the opening 187 may be provided in the insulating layer 181, the insulating layer 255c, and the insulating layer 255b.
- the opening 187 may be provided in the insulating layer 181, the insulating layer 255c, and the insulating layer 255b.
- FIG. 5A A cross-sectional view of a display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5A. For a top view, see FIG. 1A. An enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 5A is shown in FIG. 5B.
- the display device shown in FIG. 5A and the like mainly differs from the display device shown in ⁇ Structure Example 1> in that it includes a conductive layer 116a, a conductive layer 116b, and a conductive layer 116c.
- a micro optical resonator (microcavity) structure is applied to the display device shown in FIG. 5A and the like.
- One of the pair of electrodes included in the light-emitting device 130 is an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light (reflective electrode). use.
- the microcavity structure By applying the microcavity structure to the light-emitting device 130, the light obtained from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device 130 can be enhanced.
- the emission intensity of light with a specific wavelength can be increased, color purity can be increased.
- the EL layers 113 have the same structure, light of different wavelengths (monochromatic light) can be extracted. Furthermore, since it is possible to increase the emission intensity of the specific wavelength in the front direction, it is possible to reduce power consumption. By combining the microcavity structure and the colored layer, the color purity can be further enhanced.
- the light-emitting device 130 a has a conductive layer 116 a between the pixel electrode 111 a and the EL layer 113 .
- the light emitting device 130b has a conductive layer 116b between the pixel electrode 111b and the EL layer 113.
- the light emitting device 130 c has a conductive layer 116 c between the pixel electrode 111 c and the EL layer 113 .
- Conductive layer 116 a , conductive layer 116 b , and conductive layer 116 c each serve as optical tuning layers in light emitting device 130 .
- Optical adjustment can be performed by controlling the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer. Specifically, the distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 115 is adjusted to be m ⁇ /2 (m is an integer equal to or greater than 1) or its vicinity with respect to the wavelength ⁇ of light obtained from the light-emitting layer. preferably.
- the EL layers 113 included in the light-emitting device 130a, the light-emitting device 130b, and the light-emitting device 130c are formed using the same material in the same process; Match or roughly match. Therefore, in order to make the distance between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 115 different, the thicknesses of the conductive layers 116a, 116b, and 116c sandwiched between the pixel electrode 111 and the common electrode 115 should be made different. good.
- the light-emitting device 130 having a region overlapping with the colored layer 132 that transmits long-wave light is obtained by increasing the film thickness of the conductive layer 116 and having a region that overlaps with the colored layer 132 transmitting short-wave light.
- the film thickness of the conductive layer 116 may be reduced.
- the colored layer 132R transmits red light the colored layer 132G transmits green light
- the colored layer 132B transmits blue light as shown in FIG.
- the film thicknesses of the conductive layer 116b and the conductive layer 116c may be reduced in this order.
- the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, and the conductive layer 116c provided over the pixel electrode 111 each have a function as a pixel electrode.
- the conductive layer 123 provided in the connecting portion 140 is electrically connected to the common electrode 115 via the conductive layer 116p.
- the conductive layer 116p can be formed in the same step as the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, or the conductive layer 116c, for example.
- the conductive layer 116p can be formed in the same step as the conductive layer 116c, and as shown in FIG. can. Note that in the connection portion 140, the conductive layer 116p may not be provided, and the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 may be in direct contact and electrically connected.
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116a is aligned or substantially aligned with the side surface of the opening 187.
- the side surfaces of the conductive layer 116b are aligned or substantially aligned with the side surfaces of the opening 187.
- the sides of the conductive layer 116 c are aligned or substantially aligned with the sides of the opening 187 .
- the side surfaces of the conductive layer 116p are aligned or substantially aligned with the side surfaces of the opening 187.
- the step on the surface on which the EL layer 113 is formed is equal to the depth T 1 of the opening 187 and the film thickness of the conductive layer 116 . is added. Therefore, the step on the surface on which the EL layer 113 is formed is increased, and the island-shaped EL layer 113 can be easily formed.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 116b is added to the depth T1 of the opening 187 to form a step on the formation surface of the EL layer 113 provided over the conductive layer 116b.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 116c is added to the depth T1 of the opening 187 to form a step on the surface where the EL layer 113 is formed over the conductive layer 116c.
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116a and the side surface of the opening 187 are aligned or substantially aligned, and when the top surface shape is matched or substantially matched, at least It can be said that a part of the outline overlaps. However, strictly speaking, the contours do not overlap, and the contour of the conductive layer 116a may be positioned inside the contour of the opening 187, or the contour of the conductive layer 116a may be positioned outside the contour of the opening 187. In this case, it is also said that the side surfaces are substantially aligned, or that the top surface shapes are substantially the same.
- That the side surface of the conductive layer 116a is aligned or substantially aligned with the side surface of the opening 187 means that the side surface of the insulating layer 181 that is not in contact with the pixel electrode 111a (opening 187 side) is aligned with the side surface of the conductive layer 116a. , or roughly match.
- That the side surface of the conductive layer 116p is aligned with the side surface of the opening 187 or is substantially aligned means that the side surface of the insulating layer 181 that is not in contact with the conductive layer 123 (opening 187 side) is aligned with the side surface of the conductive layer 116p. Or it can be said that they roughly match.
- the opening 187 can be formed using a mask that forms the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, or the conductive layer 116p.
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116a can also be said to be an end portion of the conductive layer 116a. Similarly, the same applies to the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, and the conductive layer 116p.
- the EL layer 113 is provided to cover top surfaces of the conductive layers 116a, 116b, and 116c.
- the EL layer 113 may have regions in contact with side surfaces of the conductive layers 116a, 116b, and 116c. Further, the EL layer 113 may have regions in contact with the side surfaces of the conductive layers 116 a , 116 b , and 116 c and part of the side surface of the insulating layer 181 .
- the common electrode 115 is prevented from being in contact with the conductive layers 116a, 116b, and 116c. A short circuit between the electrode 115 and the pixel electrode can be suppressed.
- FIG. 5A illustrates the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, and the conductive layer 116p each with a single-layer structure
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- Part or all of the conductive layers 116a, 116b, 116c, and 116p may have a stacked-layer structure.
- the conductive layer 116a has a three-layer structure of the conductive layer 116aA, the conductive layer 116aB, and the conductive layer 116aC
- the conductive layer 116b has a two-layer structure of the conductive layer 116bA and the conductive layer 116bB
- the conductive layer 116c and the conductive layer 116p have a three-layer structure.
- Each shows an example of a single layer structure.
- the angle formed by the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 116 is preferably vertical or substantially vertical.
- FIG. 5B shows an angle ⁇ 3b between the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 116b and an angle ⁇ 3c between the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 116c.
- Each of the angles ⁇ 3b and ⁇ 3c is preferably 80° or more and 110° or less, more preferably 80° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 100° or less, further preferably 85° or more and 95° or less.
- the stepped region of the EL layer 113 can be provided. Note that the angles formed by the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 116 may be rounded, and the angles ⁇ 3a, ⁇ 3b, and ⁇ 3c may not be clearly measured.
- FIG. 7A A cross-sectional view of a display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7A. For a top view, see FIG. 1A. An enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 7A is shown in FIG. 7B.
- the display device shown in FIG. 7A and the like is different from the display device shown in ⁇ Structure Example 3> in that the side surfaces of the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, and the conductive layer 116p do not match the side surfaces of the opening 187. Mainly different.
- the side surfaces of the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, and the conductive layer 116c are not aligned with the side surface of the insulating layer 181 that is not in contact with the pixel electrode 111, and the side surface of the conductive layer 116p is aligned with the conductive layer 123 of the insulating layer 181. It can also be said that it does not match the non-contact side.
- the opening 187 can be formed using a mask different from the mask for forming the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, or the conductive layer 116p.
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116a is positioned on the pixel electrode 111a
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116b is positioned on the pixel electrode 111b
- the side surface of the conductive layer 116c is positioned on the pixel electrode 111c
- the conductive layer 116p is positioned on the pixel electrode 111c.
- the EL layer 113 has regions in contact with part of the top surfaces of the pixel electrodes 111a, 111b, and 111c. Further, the EL layer 113 has a region in contact with the top surface of the insulating layer 181 .
- Side surfaces of the conductive layer 116 a , the conductive layer 116 b , the conductive layer 116 c , and the conductive layer 116 p may be located on the insulating layer 181 .
- side surfaces of the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, the conductive layer 116c, and the conductive layer 116p may be located over the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111c.
- conductive layer 116a, conductive layer 116b, and conductive layer 116c do not coincide with the sides of opening 187, the edges of conductive layer 116a, conductive layer 116b, and conductive layer 116c, as shown in FIGS.
- Each portion may have a tapered shape.
- the angles formed by the top surfaces and the side surfaces of the conductive layers 116a, 116b, and 116c may or may not be vertical.
- FIG. 9A A cross-sectional view of a display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 1A An enlarged view of a portion of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 9A is shown in FIG. 9B.
- the display device shown in FIG. 9A and the like is mainly different from the display device shown in ⁇ Configuration Example 3> in that it has a common layer 114 .
- a common layer 114 is provided between the EL layer 113 and the common electrode 115 .
- a common layer 114 is provided over the EL layer 113 and shared by light emitting device 130a, light emitting device 130b, and light emitting device 130c.
- Common layer 114 comprises, for example, an electron injection layer or a hole injection layer.
- the common layer 114 may have a laminate of an electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, or may have a laminate of a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer.
- the common layer 114 can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- FIG. 9A and the like show an example in which a common layer 114 is provided on the conductive layer 116p, and the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are electrically connected via the common layer 114 and the conductive layer 116p.
- the conductive layer 116p and the common electrode 115 may be in direct contact and electrically connected without providing the common layer 114 over the conductive layer 116p.
- the common layer 114 is formed only in a desired region by using a mask for determining the region where the common layer 114 is to be formed (also called an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish it from a fine metal mask). be able to.
- a mask for determining the region where the common layer 114 is to be formed also called an area mask or a rough metal mask to distinguish it from a fine metal mask.
- 10A to 10C and 11 are cross-sectional views of a display device that is one embodiment of the present invention. For a top view, see FIG. 1A.
- the substrate 120 provided with the colored layer 132 may be attached to the protective layer 131 with the resin layer 122 .
- the treatment temperature in the step of forming the colored layer 132 can be increased.
- the display device may be provided with a lens array 133, as shown in FIGS. 10B and 10C.
- a lens array 133 can be provided in a region overlapping with the light emitting device 130 .
- a colored layer 132R, a colored layer 132G, and a colored layer 132B are provided over the light-emitting device 130a, the light-emitting device 130b, and the light-emitting device 130c with the protective layer 131 interposed therebetween.
- the light emitted from the light emitting device 130 is transmitted through the colored layer 132, then transmitted through the lens array 133, and extracted to the outside of the display device.
- the lens array 133 may be provided over the light-emitting device and the colored layer 132 may be provided over the lens array 133 .
- FIG. 10C is an example in which a substrate 120 provided with a colored layer 132R, a colored layer 132G, a colored layer 132B, and a lens array 133 is bonded onto a protective layer 131 with a resin layer 122.
- FIG. 10C By providing the colored layer 132R, the colored layer 132G, the colored layer 132B, and the lens array 133 over the substrate 120, the temperature of the heat treatment in these formation steps can be increased.
- FIG. 10C shows an example in which colored layers 132R, 132G, and 132B are provided in contact with the substrate 120, an insulating layer 134 is provided in contact with the colored layers 132R, 132G, and 132B, and a lens array 133 is provided in contact with the insulating layer 134.
- light emitted from the light-emitting device passes through the lens array 133 and then through the colored layer, and is taken out of the display device.
- the lens array 133 may be provided in contact with the substrate 120
- the insulating layer 134 may be provided in contact with the lens array 133
- the colored layer may be provided in contact with the insulating layer 134 .
- light emitted from the light-emitting device is transmitted through the colored layer and then through the lens array 133 to be extracted to the outside of the display device.
- the lens array 133 is provided on the light-emitting devices 130a, 130b, and 130c via the protective layer 131, and the substrate 120 provided with the colored layer 132R, the colored layer 132G, and the colored layer 132B is a resin layer.
- the lens array 133 and the protective layer 131 are bonded together by means of 122 .
- the lens array 133 may be provided on the substrate 120 and the colored layer may be directly formed on the protective layer 131 .
- one of the lens array and the colored layer may be provided on the protective layer 131 and the other may be provided on the substrate 120 .
- 10A to 10C show an example of using a layer having a planarization function as the protective layer 131, but as shown in FIG. 11, the protective layer 131 does not have to have a planarization function.
- the protective layer 131 shown in FIG. 11 can be formed by using, for example, an inorganic film.
- the convex surface of the lens array 133 may face the substrate 120 side or the light emitting device side.
- the lens array 133 can be formed using at least one of an inorganic material and an organic material.
- a material containing resin can be used for the lens.
- a material containing at least one of an oxide and a sulfide can be used for the lens.
- a microlens array can be used as the lens array 133 .
- the lens array 133 may be formed directly on the substrate or the light-emitting device, or may be bonded with a separately formed lens array.
- the island-shaped EL layer 113 is provided for each light-emitting device 130, so that leakage current between subpixels can be suppressed. Thereby, crosstalk due to unintended light emission can be prevented, and a display device with extremely high contrast can be realized.
- the island-shaped EL layer 113 can be formed without using a fine metal mask, and the display device can have high definition and a high aperture ratio. In addition, productivity of the display device can be improved.
- a method for manufacturing a display device of one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Regarding the material and forming method of each element, the description of the same parts as those described above may be omitted.
- the manufacturing method will be described by taking the display device shown in FIG. 6 as an example. 12 to 14 show side by side a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 shown in FIG. 1A and a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2.
- the thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device are formed by sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), vacuum deposition, pulsed laser deposition (PLD). ) method, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method, or the like.
- the CVD method includes a plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) method, a thermal CVD method, and the like. Also, one of the thermal CVD methods is the metal organic CVD (MOCVD) method.
- Thin films (insulating films, semiconductor films, conductive films, etc.) that make up the display device are processed by spin coating, dipping, spray coating, inkjet, dispensing, screen printing, offset printing, doctor knife method, slit coating, roll coating, curtain It can be formed by a wet film formation method such as coating or knife coating.
- vacuum processes such as vapor deposition and solution processes such as spin coating and inkjet can be used to fabricate light-emitting devices.
- vapor deposition methods include physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as sputtering, ion plating, ion beam vapor deposition, molecular beam vapor deposition, and vacuum vapor deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the functional layers included in the EL layer, vapor deposition ( vacuum deposition method, etc.), coating method (dip coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, spin coating method, spray coating method, etc.), printing method (inkjet method, screen (stencil printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, It can be formed by a method such as a flexographic (letterpress printing) method, a gravure method, or a microcontact method.
- the thin film that constitutes the display device When processing the thin film that constitutes the display device, it can be processed using a photolithography method or the like. Alternatively, the thin film may be processed by a nanoimprint method, a sandblast method, a lift-off method, or the like. Alternatively, an island-shaped thin film may be directly formed by a film formation method using a shielding mask such as a metal mask.
- the photolithography method typically includes the following two methods. One is a method of forming a resist mask on a thin film to be processed, processing the thin film by etching or the like, and removing the resist mask. The other is a method of forming a thin film having photosensitivity and then exposing and developing the thin film to process the thin film into a desired shape.
- the light used for exposure can be, for example, i-line (wavelength 365 nm), g-line (wavelength 436 nm), h-line (wavelength 405 nm), or a mixture of these.
- ultraviolet rays, KrF laser light, ArF laser light, or the like can also be used.
- extreme ultraviolet (EUV: Extreme Ultra-violet) or X-rays may be used.
- An electron beam can also be used instead of the light used for exposure.
- the use of extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, or electron beams is preferable because extremely fine processing is possible.
- a photomask is not necessary when exposure is performed by scanning a beam such as an electron beam.
- a dry etching method, a wet etching method, a sandblasting method, or the like can be used to etch the thin film.
- the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the insulating layer 255c are formed in this order over the layer 101 including the transistor.
- the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 are formed over the insulating layer 255c (FIG. 12A).
- a sputtering method or a vacuum deposition method can be used to form the pixel electrode.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 255c in the region overlapping none of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123 overlaps with the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, or the conductive layer 123. It becomes thinner than the film thickness of the insulating layer 255c in the region.
- an insulating film 181f that becomes the insulating layer 181 is formed so as to cover the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the conductive layer 123, and the insulating layer 255c (FIG. 12B).
- the etching gas is preferably a chlorine-based gas such as chlorine, boron chloride, silicon chloride or carbon tetrachloride, or a fluorine-based gas such as carbon tetrafluoride, sulfur fluoride or nitrogen fluoride.
- a chlorine-based gas such as chlorine, boron chloride, silicon chloride or carbon tetrachloride
- a fluorine-based gas such as carbon tetrafluoride, sulfur fluoride or nitrogen fluoride.
- the insulating layer 181A is provided between the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123.
- the height of the top surface of the insulating layer 181A is preferably equal or approximately equal to the heights of the top surfaces of the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123.
- FIG. By aligning the top surfaces of the insulating layer 181A, the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, and the conductive layer 123, the coverage of a film (here, the conductive layer 116) formed later can be improved. can be done.
- a conductive film 116fA is formed over the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the conductive layer 123, and the insulating layer 181A, and a resist mask 190A is formed over the conductive film 116fA (FIG. 12D).
- the conductive film 116fA is a film to be the conductive layer 116aA, and the resist mask 190A is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111a.
- the resist mask 190A can be formed by applying a photosensitive resin (photoresist) and performing exposure and development. Either a positive resist material or a negative resist material may be used for the resist mask 190A.
- part of the conductive film 116fA is removed using the resist mask 190A as a mask to form a conductive layer 116aA.
- Resist mask 190A is removed (FIG. 12E).
- a conductive film 116fB is formed over the conductive layer 116aA, the pixel electrode 111b, the pixel electrode 111c, the conductive layer 123, and the insulating layer 181A, and a resist mask 190Ba and a resist mask 190Bb are formed over the conductive film 116fB.
- the conductive film 116fB is a film to be the conductive layers 116aB and 116bA.
- the resist mask 190Ba is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111a
- the resist mask 190Bb is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111b.
- part of the conductive film 116fB is removed using the resist masks 190Ba and 190Bb as masks to form conductive layers 116aB and 116bA.
- the resist masks 190Ba and 190Bb are removed.
- a conductive film 116fC is formed over the conductive layer 116aB, the conductive layer 116bA, the pixel electrode 111c, the conductive layer 123, and the insulating layer 181A, and a resist mask 190Ca, a resist mask 190Cb, and a resist mask 190Cc are formed over the conductive film 116fC. , and a resist mask 190Cp are formed (FIG. 13B).
- the conductive film 116fC is a film to be the conductive layer 116aC, the conductive layer 116bB, the conductive layer 116c, and the conductive layer 116p.
- the resist mask 190Ca is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111a
- the resist mask 190Cb is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111b
- the resist mask 190Cc is provided in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111c
- the resist mask 190Cp is conductive. It is provided in a region overlapping with the layer 123 .
- a conductive layer 116a in which a conductive layer 116aA, a conductive layer 116aB, and a conductive layer 116aC are stacked in this order is formed in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111a.
- a conductive layer 116b in which a conductive layer 116bA and a conductive layer 116bB are stacked in this order is formed in a region overlapping with the pixel electrode 111b.
- the insulating layer 181A is partially removed using the resist masks 190Ca, 190Cb, 190Cc, and 190Cp as masks to form the insulating layer 181 having openings 187 (FIG. 14A).
- the resist mask 190Ca, the resist mask 190Cb, the resist mask 190Cc, and the resist mask 190Cp are removed.
- Either or both of a dry etching method and a wet etching method can be used to form the opening 187 .
- An anisotropic dry etching method can be preferably used for forming the opening 187 .
- the opening 187 is formed using the resist masks 190Ca, 190Cb, 190Cc, and 190Cp as masks is shown here, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the resist masks 190Ca, 190Cb, 190Cc, and 190Cp are removed, and openings are formed using a separately formed resist mask.
- 187 may be formed.
- the width (W1) of the opening 187 is within the range described above.
- the conductive layer 116 is preferably subjected to hydrophobic treatment.
- the surface to be treated can be changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, or the hydrophobicity of the surface to be treated can be increased.
- adhesion between the conductive layer 116 and the EL layer 113 formed in a later step can be increased, and peeling of the EL layer 113 can be suppressed.
- the hydrophobic treatment may not be performed.
- Hydrophobic treatment can be performed, for example, by modifying the conductive layer 116 with fluorine.
- Fluorine modification can be performed, for example, by treatment with a fluorine-containing gas, heat treatment, plasma treatment in a fluorine-containing gas atmosphere, or the like.
- the gas containing fluorine for example, fluorine gas can be used, and for example, fluorocarbon gas can be used.
- fluorocarbon gas for example, carbon tetrafluoride (CF 4 ) gas, C 4 F 6 gas, C 2 F 6 gas, C 4 F 8 gas, C 5 F 8 gas, or other lower fluorocarbon gas can be used.
- As the gas containing fluorine for example, SF6 gas, NF3 gas, CHF3 gas, etc. can be used.
- helium gas, argon gas, hydrogen gas, or the like can be added to these gases as appropriate.
- the surface of the conductive layer 116 is subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a Group 18 element such as argon, and then treated with a silylating agent to make the surface of the conductive layer 116 hydrophobic. be able to.
- a silylating agent hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSI), or the like can be used.
- HMDS hexamethyldisilazane
- TMSI trimethylsilylimidazole
- the surface of the conductive layer 116 can also be treated with a silane coupling agent after the surface of the conductive layer 116 is subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a group 18 element such as argon. Can be hydrophobized.
- the surface of the conductive layer 116 By subjecting the surface of the conductive layer 116 to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a Group 18 element such as argon, the surface of the conductive layer 116 can be damaged. This makes it easier for the methyl groups contained in the silylating agent such as HMDS to bond to the surface of the conductive layer 116 . In addition, silane coupling by the silane coupling agent is likely to occur. As described above, the surface of the conductive layer 116 is subjected to plasma treatment in a gas atmosphere containing a group 18 element such as argon, and then to treatment using a silylating agent or a silane coupling agent. The surface of the conductive layer 116 can be made hydrophobic.
- the treatment using a silylating agent, silane coupling agent, or the like can be performed by applying the silylating agent, silane coupling agent, or the like, for example, using a spin coating method, a dipping method, or the like.
- a film containing a silylating agent, a film containing a silane coupling agent, or the like is formed on the conductive layer 116 or the like by, for example, a vapor phase method.
- the material containing the silylating agent or the material containing the silane coupling agent is volatilized so that the atmosphere contains the silylating agent, the silane coupling agent, or the like.
- the substrate provided with the conductive layer 116 and the like is placed in the atmosphere. Accordingly, a film containing a silylating agent, a silane coupling agent, or the like can be formed over the conductive layer 116, and the surface of the conductive layer 116 can be made hydrophobic.
- the EL layer 113 is formed over the conductive layers 116a, 116b, 116c, and 116p (FIG. 14B).
- the organic layer 119 may be formed within the opening 187 .
- the EL layer 113 is not formed on the conductive layer 123 in the cross-sectional view along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2.
- the EL layer 113 is formed only in a desired region by using a mask for determining a region in which the EL layer 113 is formed (also called an area mask, a rough metal mask, or the like to be distinguished from a fine metal mask). be able to.
- the EL layer 113 is preferably formed using a method with low coverage.
- the EL layer 113 can be formed, for example, by an evaporation method, specifically a vacuum evaporation method.
- the EL layer 113 may be formed by a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- a plurality of island-shaped EL layers 113 can be formed without using a fine metal mask. It is possible to prevent the EL layers 113 from being in contact with each other in adjacent sub-pixels. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of leakage current between sub-pixels. As a result, deterioration in display quality of the display device can be suppressed. Further, it is possible to achieve both high definition of the display device and high display quality.
- the distance between two adjacent EL layers 113 can be reduced.
- a display device with high definition and a high aperture ratio can be realized.
- a common electrode 115 is formed on the EL layer 113 and the conductive layer 116p (FIG. 14C).
- the common electrode 115 is preferably formed using a method with higher coverage than the method for forming the EL layer 113 .
- a sputtering method for example, can be used to form the common electrode 115 .
- a film formed by an evaporation method and a film formed by a sputtering method may be stacked.
- a protective layer 131 is formed on the common electrode 115, and a colored layer 132R, a colored layer 132G, and a colored layer 132B are formed on the protective layer 131. Furthermore, a display device can be manufactured by bonding the substrate 120 to the protective layer 131 and the colored layer 132 using the resin layer 122 (FIG. 6).
- a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, or an ALD method can be used to form the protective layer 131 .
- the island-shaped EL layer 113 is formed without using a fine metal mask. Therefore, the size can be smaller than that of an EL layer formed using a fine metal mask. Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-definition display device or a display device with a high aperture ratio, which has hitherto been difficult to achieve. In addition, even if the definition or aperture ratio is high and the distance between subpixels is extremely short, it is possible to prevent the island-shaped EL layers 113 from contacting each other in adjacent subpixels. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of leakage current between sub-pixels. As a result, deterioration in display quality of the display device can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to achieve both high definition of the display device and high display quality.
- FIG. 1A a pixel layout different from that in FIG. 1A is mainly described.
- the arrangement of sub-pixels There is no particular limitation on the arrangement of sub-pixels, and various methods can be applied. Examples of the arrangement of sub-pixels include stripe arrangement, S-stripe arrangement, matrix arrangement, delta arrangement, Bayer arrangement, and pentile arrangement.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel shown in the drawings in this embodiment mode corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, polygons with rounded corners, ellipses, and circles.
- the circuit layout that configures the sub-pixels is not limited to the range of the sub-pixels shown in the drawing, and may be arranged outside the sub-pixels.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIG. 15A is composed of three sub-pixels: sub-pixel 110a, sub-pixel 110b, and sub-pixel 110c.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 15B includes sub-pixels 110 a and 110 b having a substantially trapezoidal or substantially triangular top shape with rounded corners, a sub-pixel 110 c having a substantially square or substantially hexagonal top shape with rounded corners, have Also, the sub-pixel 110b has a larger light emitting area than the sub-pixel 110a.
- the shape and size of each sub-pixel can be determined independently. For example, sub-pixels with more reliable light emitting devices can be smaller in size.
- FIG. 15C shows an example in which pixels 124a having sub-pixels 110a and 110b and pixels 124b having sub-pixels 110b and 110c are alternately arranged.
- Pixel 124a has two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110b) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110c) in the lower row (second row).
- Pixel 124b has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a and 110b) in the lower row (second row).
- FIG. 15D shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. 15E shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a circular top surface shape
- FIG. 15F shows an example in which each sub-pixel has a , which has a substantially hexagonal top shape with rounded corners.
- FIG. 15G is an example in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, when viewed from above, the positions of the upper sides of two sub-pixels (for example, sub-pixel 110a and sub-pixel 110b or sub-pixel 110b and sub-pixel 110c) aligned in the row direction are shifted.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel G that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- Sub-pixel B is preferred. Note that the configuration of the sub-pixels is not limited to this, and the colors exhibited by the sub-pixels and the order in which the sub-pixels are arranged can be determined as appropriate.
- the sub-pixel 110b may be a sub-pixel R that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110a may be a sub-pixel G that emits green light.
- the edge contour of opening 187 may be, for example, polygonal with rounded corners, elliptical, or circular.
- the island-shaped EL layer 113 is formed by a step caused by the opening 187 . Therefore, the top surface shape of the EL layer may not match the contour of the opening 187 when viewed from the top.
- the top surface shape of the EL layer may be, for example, a polygon with rounded corners, an ellipse, or a circle.
- the pixel can have four types of sub-pixels.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 16A to 16C.
- FIG. 16A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 16B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 110 shown in FIGS. 16D to 16F.
- FIG. 16D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 16E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- 16G and 16H show an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 16G has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel ( sub-pixel 110d).
- pixel 110 has sub-pixel 110a in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110b in the middle column (second column), and sub-pixel 110b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 110c and sub-pixels 110d over these three columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 16H has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels 110d in the lower row (second row). have In other words, pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110d in the left column (first column), sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the center column (second column), and sub-pixels 110b and 110d in the middle column (second column).
- a column (third column) has a sub-pixel 110c and a sub-pixel 110d.
- FIG. 16I shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 3 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 16I has sub-pixels 110a in the upper row (first row) and sub-pixels 110b in the middle row (second row). It has a sub-pixel 110c and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 110d) in the lower row (third row).
- the pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110b in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110c in the right column (second column), and sub-pixels 110c and 110c in the right column (second column). It has a pixel 110d.
- a pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 16A to 16I is composed of four sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d.
- the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d can be configured to have light-emitting devices with different emission colors.
- As the sub-pixels 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d four sub-pixels of R, G, B, and white (W), four sub-pixels of R, G, B, and Y, or R, G, B, Infrared light (IR) sub-pixels and the like are included.
- the sub-pixel 110a is a sub-pixel that emits red light
- the sub-pixel 110b is a sub-pixel that emits green light
- the sub-pixel 110c is a sub-pixel that emits blue light.
- the sub-pixel 110d be a sub-pixel that emits white light, a sub-pixel that emits yellow light, or a sub-pixel that emits near-infrared light.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIGS. 16G and 16H has a stripe arrangement of R, G, and B, so that the display quality can be improved.
- the layout of R, G, and B is a so-called S-stripe arrangement, so the display quality can be improved.
- the pixel can be configured to have five types of sub-pixels.
- five-color sub-pixels include R, G, B, Y, and W sub-pixels.
- FIG. 16J shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 16J has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels ( sub-pixels 110d and 110e).
- pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a and 110d in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 110b in the center column (second column), and right column (third column). has sub-pixels 110c in the second and third columns, and sub-pixels 110e in the second and third columns.
- FIG. 16K shows an example in which one pixel 110 is composed of 3 rows and 2 columns.
- the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 16K has sub-pixels 110a in the upper row (first row) and sub-pixels 110b in the middle row (second row). It has a sub-pixel 110c and two sub-pixels (sub-pixels 110d and 110e) in the lower row (third row). In other words, pixel 110 has sub-pixels 110a, 110b, and 110d in the left column (first column) and sub-pixels 110c and 110e in the right column (second column).
- various layouts can be applied to pixels each including a subpixel including a light-emitting device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-definition display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment includes, for example, display units of information terminals (wearable devices) such as wristwatch-type and bracelet-type devices, devices for VR such as head-mounted displays (HMD), and glasses. It can be used for the display part of a wearable device that can be worn on the head, such as a model AR device.
- wearable devices such as wristwatch-type and bracelet-type devices
- VR head-mounted displays (HMD)
- glasses can be used for the display part of a wearable device that can be worn on the head, such as a model AR device.
- the display device of this embodiment can be a high-resolution display device or a large-sized display device. Therefore, the display device of the present embodiment can be used, for example, in televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, and relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines. It can be used for display portions of digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproducing devices, in addition to electronic devices equipped with
- Display module A perspective view of the display module 280 is shown in FIG. 17A.
- the display module 280 has a display device 100A and an FPC 290 .
- the display device included in the display module 280 is not limited to the display device 100A, and may be any one of the display devices 100B to 100F, which will be described later.
- the display module 280 has substrates 291 and 292 .
- the display module 280 has a display section 281 .
- the display unit 281 is an area for displaying an image in the display module 280, and is an area where light from each pixel provided in the pixel unit 284, which will be described later, can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 17B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 291 side.
- a circuit section 282 , a pixel circuit section 283 on the circuit section 282 , and a pixel section 284 on the pixel circuit section 283 are stacked on the substrate 291 .
- a terminal portion 285 for connecting to the FPC 290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 284 .
- the terminal portion 285 and the circuit portion 282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 17B. Various configurations described in the above embodiments can be applied to the pixel 284a.
- FIG. 17B shows an example of a configuration similar to that of the pixel 110 shown in FIG. 1A.
- the pixel circuit section 283 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixel circuits 283a.
- One pixel circuit 283a is a circuit that controls driving of a plurality of elements included in one pixel 284a.
- One pixel circuit 283a can have a structure in which three circuits for controlling light emission of one light-emitting device are provided.
- the pixel circuit 283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (drive transistor), and a capacitor for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is inputted to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is inputted to the source thereof. This realizes an active matrix display device.
- the circuit section 282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 283 a of the pixel circuit section 283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- at least one of an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, a power supply circuit, and the like may be provided.
- the FPC 290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal, power supply potential, or the like to the circuit section 282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 290 .
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 281 is can be very high.
- the aperture ratio of the display section 281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 284a can be arranged at an extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 280 Since such a display module 280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for VR devices such as HMDs or glasses-type AR devices. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed.
- the display module 280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display unit. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- a display device 100A illustrated in FIG. 18A includes a substrate 301, a light-emitting device 130R, a light-emitting device 130G, a light-emitting device 130B, a colored layer 132R, a colored layer 132G, a colored layer 132B, a capacitor 240, and a transistor 310.
- a subpixel 110R shown in FIG. 17B has a light emitting device 130R and a colored layer 132R
- a subpixel 110G has a light emitting device 130G and a colored layer 132G
- a subpixel 110B has a light emitting device 130B and a colored layer 132B.
- light emitted from the light-emitting device 130R is extracted as red light to the outside of the display device 100A through the colored layer 132R.
- the sub-pixel 110G light emitted from the light emitting device 130G is extracted as green light to the outside of the display device 100A through the colored layer 132G.
- the sub-pixel 110B light emitted from the light-emitting device 130B is extracted as blue light to the outside of the display device 100A through the colored layer 132B.
- the substrate 301 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 301 to the insulating layer 255c corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- a transistor 310 is a transistor having a channel formation region in the substrate 301 .
- the substrate 301 for example, a semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- Transistor 310 includes a portion of substrate 301 , conductive layer 311 , low resistance region 312 , insulating layer 313 and insulating layer 314 .
- the conductive layer 311 functions as a gate electrode.
- An insulating layer 313 is located between the substrate 301 and the conductive layer 311 and functions as a gate insulating layer.
- the low-resistance region 312 is a region in which the substrate 301 is doped with impurities, and functions as either a source or a drain.
- the insulating layer 314 is provided to cover the side surface of the conductive layer 311 .
- a device isolation layer 315 is provided between two adjacent transistors 310 so as to be embedded in the substrate 301 .
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- the capacitor 240 has a conductive layer 241, a conductive layer 245, and an insulating layer 243 positioned therebetween.
- the conductive layer 241 functions as one electrode of the capacitor 240
- the conductive layer 245 functions as the other electrode of the capacitor 240
- the insulating layer 243 functions as the dielectric of the capacitor 240 .
- the conductive layer 241 is provided on the insulating layer 261 and embedded in the insulating layer 254 .
- Conductive layer 241 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 243 is provided over the conductive layer 241 .
- the conductive layer 245 is provided in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 241 with the insulating layer 243 provided therebetween.
- a conductive layer surrounding the display portion 281 is preferably provided in at least one of the conductive layers included in the layer 101 including the transistor.
- the conductive layer can also be called a guard ring.
- An insulating layer 255a is provided to cover the capacitor 240, an insulating layer 255b is provided on the insulating layer 255a, and an insulating layer 255c is provided on the insulating layer 255b.
- a light emitting device 130R, a light emitting device 130G, and a light emitting device 130B are provided on the insulating layer 255c.
- FIG. 18A shows an example in which the light emitting device 130R, the light emitting device 130G, and the light emitting device 130B have the laminated structure shown in FIG. 1B.
- An insulating layer 181 is provided in the region between adjacent light emitting devices.
- the pixel electrode 111a, the pixel electrode 111b, and the pixel electrode 111c are composed of the insulating layer 243, the insulating layer 255a, the insulating layer 255b, and the plug 256 embedded in the insulating layer 255c, the conductive layer 241 embedded in the insulating layer 254, and the It is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 310 by plug 271 embedded in insulating layer 261 .
- the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 255c and the height of the upper surface of the plug 256 match or substantially match.
- Various conductive materials can be used for the plug.
- FIG. 18A and the like show examples in which the pixel electrode has a two-layer structure of a reflective electrode and a transparent electrode on the reflective electrode.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on the light emitting device 130R, the light emitting device 130G, and the light emitting device 130B.
- a substrate 120 is bonded onto the protective layer 131 with a resin layer 122 .
- Embodiment 1 can be referred to for details of the components from the light emitting device to the substrate 120 .
- Substrate 120 corresponds to substrate 292 in FIG. 17A.
- a display device 100B shown in FIG. 19 has a structure in which a transistor 310A and a transistor 310B each having a channel formed in a semiconductor substrate are stacked.
- the description of the same parts as those of the previously described display device may be omitted.
- the display device 100B has a configuration in which a substrate 301B provided with a transistor 310B, a capacitor 240, and a light emitting device and a substrate 301A provided with a transistor 310A are bonded together.
- an insulating layer 345 on the lower surface of the substrate 301B.
- an insulating layer 346 is preferably provided over the insulating layer 261 provided over the substrate 301A.
- the insulating layers 345 and 346 are insulating layers that function as protective layers, and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrates 301B and 301A.
- an inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 131 or the insulating layer 332 can be used.
- a plug 343 penetrating through the substrate 301B and the insulating layer 345 is provided on the substrate 301B.
- the insulating layer 344 is an insulating layer that functions as a protective layer and can suppress diffusion of impurities into the substrate 301B.
- An inorganic insulating film that can be used for the protective layer 131 can be used for the insulating layer 344 .
- a conductive layer 342 is provided under the insulating layer 345 on the back surface side (surface opposite to the substrate 120 side) of the substrate 301B.
- the conductive layer 342 is preferably embedded in the insulating layer 335 .
- the lower surfaces of the conductive layer 342 and the insulating layer 335 are preferably planarized.
- the conductive layer 342 is electrically connected with the plug 343 .
- the conductive layer 341 is provided on the insulating layer 346 on the substrate 301A.
- the conductive layer 341 is preferably embedded in the insulating layer 336 . It is preferable that top surfaces of the conductive layer 341 and the insulating layer 336 be planarized.
- the substrates 301A and 301B are electrically connected.
- the conductive layer 341 and the conductive layer 342 are bonded together. can be improved.
- the conductive layers 341 and 342 preferably use the same conductive material.
- the conductive layers 341 and 342 are, for example, metal films containing elements selected from Al, Cr, Cu, Ta, Ti, Mo, and W, or metal nitride films (titanium nitride films) containing the above elements as components. , molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film) or the like can be used.
- copper is preferably used for the conductive layers 341 and 342 .
- a Cu—Cu (copper-copper) direct bonding technique (a technique for achieving electrical continuity by connecting Cu (copper) pads) can be applied.
- a display device 100 ⁇ /b>C shown in FIG. 20 has a configuration in which a conductive layer 341 and a conductive layer 342 are bonded via bumps 347 .
- the conductive layers 341 and 342 can be electrically connected.
- the bumps 347 can be formed using a conductive material containing, for example, gold (Au), nickel (Ni), indium (In), tin (Sn), or the like. Also, for example, solder may be used as the bumps 347 . Further, an adhesive layer 348 may be provided between the insulating layer 345 and the insulating layer 346 . Further, when the bump 347 is provided, the insulating layer 335 and the insulating layer 336 may not be provided.
- Display device 100D A display device 100D shown in FIG. 21 is mainly different from the display device 100A in that the configuration of transistors is different.
- the transistor 320 is a transistor (OS transistor) in which a metal oxide having semiconductor characteristics (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- OS transistor a transistor in which a metal oxide having semiconductor characteristics (also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is applied to a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- the transistor 320 has a semiconductor layer 321 , an insulating layer 323 , a conductive layer 324 , a pair of conductive layers 325 , an insulating layer 326 , and a conductive layer 327 .
- the substrate 331 corresponds to the substrate 291 in FIGS. 17A and 17B.
- a stacked structure from the substrate 331 to the insulating layer 255c corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in Embodiment 1.
- the substrate 331 an insulating substrate or a semiconductor substrate can be used.
- An insulating layer 332 is provided on the substrate 331 .
- the insulating layer 332 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate 331 into the transistor 320 and oxygen from the semiconductor layer 321 toward the insulating layer 332 side.
- a film into which hydrogen or oxygen is less likely to diffuse than a silicon oxide film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon nitride film, can be used.
- a conductive layer 327 is provided over the insulating layer 332 , and an insulating layer 326 is provided to cover the conductive layer 327 .
- the conductive layer 327 functions as a first gate electrode of the transistor 320, and part of the insulating layer 326 functions as a first gate insulating layer.
- An oxide insulating film such as a silicon oxide film is preferably used for at least a portion of the insulating layer 326 that is in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 326 is preferably planarized.
- the semiconductor layer 321 is provided on the insulating layer 326 .
- the semiconductor layer 321 preferably has a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) film having semiconductor properties.
- a pair of conductive layers 325 is provided on and in contact with the semiconductor layer 321 and functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode.
- An insulating layer 328 is provided covering the top and side surfaces of the pair of conductive layers 325 and the side surface of the semiconductor layer 321, and the insulating layer 264 is provided on the insulating layer 328.
- the insulating layer 328 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the semiconductor layer 321 from the insulating layer 264 or the like and oxygen from leaving the semiconductor layer 321 .
- an insulating film similar to that of the insulating layer 332 can be used as the insulating layer 328.
- An opening reaching the semiconductor layer 321 is provided in the insulating layer 328 and the insulating layer 264 .
- the insulating layer 323 and the conductive layer 324 are buried in contact with the side surfaces of the insulating layer 264 , the insulating layer 328 , and the conductive layer 325 and the top surface of the semiconductor layer 321 .
- the conductive layer 324 functions as a second gate electrode, and the insulating layer 323 functions as a second gate insulating layer.
- the top surface of the conductive layer 324, the top surface of the insulating layer 323, and the top surface of the insulating layer 264 are planarized so that their heights are the same or substantially the same, and the insulating layers 329 and 265 are provided to cover them. ing.
- the insulating layers 264 and 265 function as interlayer insulating layers.
- the insulating layer 329 functions as a barrier layer that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 320 from the insulating layer 265 or the like.
- an insulating film similar to the insulating layers 328 and 332 can be used.
- a plug 274 electrically connected to one of the pair of conductive layers 325 is provided so as to be embedded in the insulating layers 265 , 329 and 264 .
- the plug 274 includes a conductive layer 274a that covers the side surfaces of the openings of the insulating layers 265, the insulating layers 329, the insulating layers 264, and the insulating layer 328 and part of the top surface of the conductive layer 325, and the conductive layer 274a. It is preferable to have a conductive layer 274b in contact with the top surface. At this time, a conductive material into which hydrogen and oxygen are difficult to diffuse is preferably used for the conductive layer 274a.
- a display device 100E illustrated in FIG. 22 has a structure in which a transistor 320A and a transistor 320B each including an oxide semiconductor as a semiconductor in which a channel is formed are stacked.
- the above display device 100D can be referred to for the configuration of the transistor 320A, the transistor 320B, and their peripherals.
- transistors each including an oxide semiconductor are stacked here, the structure is not limited to this.
- a structure in which three or more transistors are stacked may be employed.
- a display device 100F illustrated in FIG. 23 has a structure in which a transistor 310 in which a channel is formed over a substrate 301 and a transistor 320 including a metal oxide in a semiconductor layer in which the channel is formed are stacked.
- An insulating layer 261 is provided to cover the transistor 310 , and a conductive layer 251 is provided over the insulating layer 261 .
- An insulating layer 262 is provided to cover the conductive layer 251 , and the conductive layer 252 is provided over the insulating layer 262 .
- the conductive layers 251 and 252 each function as wirings.
- An insulating layer 263 and an insulating layer 332 are provided to cover the conductive layer 252 , and the transistor 320 is provided over the insulating layer 332 .
- An insulating layer 265 is provided to cover the transistor 320 and a capacitor 240 is provided over the insulating layer 265 . Capacitor 240 and transistor 320 are electrically connected by plug 274 .
- the transistor 320 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit. Further, the transistor 310 can be used as a transistor forming a pixel circuit or a transistor forming a driver circuit (a gate line driver circuit or a source line driver circuit) for driving the pixel circuit. Further, the transistors 310 and 320 can be used as transistors included in various circuits such as an arithmetic circuit and a memory circuit.
- FIG. 24 shows a perspective view of the display device 100G
- FIG. 25A shows a cross-sectional view of the display device 100G.
- the display device 100G has a configuration in which a substrate 152 and a substrate 151 are bonded together.
- the substrate 152 is clearly indicated by dashed lines.
- the display device 100G has a display section 162, a connection section 140, a circuit 164, wiring 165, and the like.
- FIG. 24 shows an example in which an IC 173 and an FPC 172 are mounted on the display device 100G. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 24 can also be said to be a display module including the display device 100G, an IC (integrated circuit), and an FPC.
- connection part 140 is provided outside the display part 162 .
- the connection portion 140 can be provided along one side or a plurality of sides of the display portion 162 .
- the number of connection parts 140 may be singular or plural.
- FIG. 24 shows an example in which connecting portions 140 are provided so as to surround the four sides of the display portion.
- the connection part 140 the common electrode of the light emitting device and the conductive layer are electrically connected, and a potential can be supplied to the common electrode.
- a scanning line driving circuit can be used as the circuit 164 .
- the wiring 165 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display section 162 and the circuit 164 .
- the signal and power are input to the wiring 165 from the outside through the FPC 172 or input to the wiring 165 from the IC 173 .
- FIG. 24 shows an example in which the IC 173 is provided on the substrate 151 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip on Film) method, or the like.
- a COG Chip On Glass
- COF Chip on Film
- the IC 173 for example, an IC having a scanning line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be applied.
- the display device 100G and the display module may be configured without an IC.
- the IC may be mounted on the FPC by the COF method or the like.
- part of the area including the FPC 172, part of the circuit 164, part of the display part 162, part of the connection part 140, and part of the area including the end of the display device 100G are cut off.
- An example of a cross section is shown.
- the display device 100G illustrated in FIG. 25A includes a transistor 201 and a transistor 205, a light-emitting device 130R that emits red light, a light-emitting device 130G that emits green light, a light-emitting device 130B that emits red light, and a light-emitting device 130B that emits red light. It includes a colored layer 132R that transmits green light, a colored layer 132G that transmits green light, a colored layer 132B that transmits blue light, and the like.
- Embodiment 1 and the like can be applied to the light-emitting device 130R, the light-emitting device 130G, and the light-emitting device 130B, except that the configurations of the pixel electrodes are different.
- the light emitting device 130R has a conductive layer 112a and a conductive layer 126a on the conductive layer 112a.
- the conductive layer 112a and the conductive layer 126a correspond to the pixel electrode 111a described in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of the light emitting device 130R.
- the light emitting device 130G has a conductive layer 112b and a conductive layer 126b on the conductive layer 112b.
- the light emitting device 130B has a conductive layer 112c and a conductive layer 126c on the conductive layer 112c.
- the conductive layer 112 a is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 205 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- the end of the conductive layer 126a is located outside the end of the conductive layer 112a.
- a conductive layer 116a is provided over the conductive layer 126a.
- the conductive layer 116a functions as an optical adjustment layer. For example, a conductive layer that reflects visible light can be used for the conductive layers 112a and 126a, and a conductive layer that transmits visible light can be used for the conductive layer 116a.
- Conductive layers 112b, 126b, and 116b in light-emitting device 130G and conductive layers 112c, 126c, and 116c in light-emitting device 130B are the same as conductive layers 112a, 126a, and 116a in light-emitting device 130R. Since it is the same, detailed description is omitted.
- Concave portions are formed in the conductive layers 112 a , 112 b , and 112 c so as to cover the openings provided in the insulating layer 214 .
- a layer 128 is embedded in the recess.
- the layer 128 has a function of planarizing recesses of the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c.
- Conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c electrically connected to the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c are formed over the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c, and the layers 128. is provided. Therefore, regions overlapping with the recesses of the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c can also be used as light-emitting regions, and the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased.
- the layer 128 may be an insulating layer or a conductive layer.
- Various inorganic insulating materials, organic insulating materials, and conductive materials can be used as appropriate for layer 128 .
- layer 128 is preferably formed using an insulating material, and particularly preferably formed using an organic insulating material.
- an organic insulating material that can be used for the protective layer 131 described above can be applied.
- a protective layer 131 is provided on the light emitting device 130R, the light emitting device 130G, and the light emitting device 130B.
- the protective layer 131 and the substrate 152 are adhered via the adhesive layer 142 .
- the substrate 152 is provided with a light shielding layer 117, a colored layer 132R, a colored layer 132G, and a colored layer 132B.
- a solid sealing structure, a hollow sealing structure, or the like can be applied to the sealing of the light emitting device 130 .
- the space between substrates 152 and 151 is filled with an adhesive layer 142 to apply a solid sealing structure.
- the space may be filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) to apply a hollow sealing structure.
- the adhesive layer 142 may be provided so as not to overlap the light emitting device. Further, the space may be filled with a resin different from the adhesive layer 142 provided in a frame shape.
- a conductive layer 123 is provided on the insulating layer 214 in the connecting portion 140 .
- the conductive layer 123 is obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c, and the same conductive film as the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c. It can have a laminated structure with the conductive film obtained by the above.
- the ends of the conductive layer 123 are covered with an insulating layer 181 .
- a conductive layer 116p is provided over the conductive layer 123, and the common electrode 115 is provided over the conductive layer 116p.
- the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are electrically connected through the conductive layer 116p. Note that the conductive layer 116p does not have to be formed in the connection portion 140 . In this case, the conductive layer 123 and the common electrode 115 are directly contacted and electrically connected.
- the display device 100G is of the top emission type. Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 152 side. A material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 152 .
- the pixel electrode contains a material that reflects visible light, and the counter electrode (common electrode 115) contains a material that transmits visible light.
- a layered structure from the substrate 151 to the insulating layer 214 corresponds to the layer 101 including the transistor in the first embodiment.
- Both the transistor 201 and the transistor 205 are formed over the substrate 151 . These transistors can be manufactured by the same process using the same material.
- An insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 213, an insulating layer 215, and an insulating layer 214 are provided on the substrate 151 in this order.
- Part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- Part of the insulating layer 213 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor.
- An insulating layer 215 is provided over the transistor.
- An insulating layer 214 is provided over the transistor and functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of gate insulating layers and the number of insulating layers covering a transistor are not limited, and each may have a single layer or two or more layers.
- a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen are difficult to diffuse for at least one insulating layer covering the transistor.
- An inorganic insulating film is preferably used for each of the insulating layer 211, the insulating layer 213, and the insulating layer 215.
- the inorganic insulating film for example, a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride oxide film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum nitride film, or the like can be used.
- a hafnium oxide film, an yttrium oxide film, a zirconium oxide film, a gallium oxide film, a tantalum oxide film, a magnesium oxide film, a lanthanum oxide film, a cerium oxide film, a neodymium oxide film, or the like may be used.
- two or more of the insulating films described above may be laminated and used.
- An organic insulating layer is suitable for the insulating layer 214 that functions as a planarizing layer.
- Materials that can be used for the organic insulating layer include acrylic resins, polyimide resins, epoxy resins, polyamide resins, polyimideamide resins, siloxane resins, benzocyclobutene resins, phenolic resins, precursors of these resins, and the like.
- the insulating layer 214 may have a laminated structure of an organic insulating layer and an inorganic insulating layer. The outermost layer of the insulating layer 214 preferably functions as an etching protection layer.
- the insulating layer 214 may be provided with recesses when the conductive layer 112a or the conductive layer 126a is processed.
- the transistors 201 and 205 include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, conductive layers 222a and 222b functioning as sources and drains, a semiconductor layer 231, and an insulating layer functioning as a gate insulating layer. It has a layer 213 and a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate. Here, the same hatching pattern is attached to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the insulating layer 213 is located between the conductive layer 223 and the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of this embodiment.
- a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, an inverted staggered transistor, or the like can be used.
- the transistor structure may be either a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type.
- gates may be provided above and below a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed.
- a structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistors 201 and 205 .
- a transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and applying the same signal to them.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor may be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other.
- the crystallinity of a semiconductor material used for a transistor is not particularly limited, either. (semiconductors having A single crystal semiconductor or a crystalline semiconductor is preferably used because deterioration in transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
- the semiconductor layer of the transistor preferably has a metal oxide (oxide semiconductor) having semiconductor properties.
- the display device of this embodiment preferably uses a transistor including a metal oxide for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor).
- crystalline oxide semiconductors examples include CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline)-OS, nc (nanocrystalline)-OS, and the like.
- a transistor using silicon for a channel formation region may be used.
- silicon examples include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and the like.
- a transistor including low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) in a semiconductor layer hereinafter also referred to as an LTPS transistor
- the LTPS transistor has high field effect mobility and good frequency characteristics.
- Si transistors such as LTPS transistors
- circuits that need to be driven at high frequencies for example, source driver circuits
- An OS transistor has extremely high field effect mobility compared to a transistor using amorphous silicon.
- an OS transistor has extremely low source-drain leakage current (hereinafter also referred to as an off-state current) in an off state, and can retain charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. is possible. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the display device can be reduced.
- the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device included in the pixel circuit In order to increase the luminance of the light-emitting device included in the pixel circuit, it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase the source-drain voltage of the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit. Since the OS transistor has a higher breakdown voltage between the source and the drain than the Si transistor, a high voltage can be applied between the source and the drain of the OS transistor. Therefore, by using an OS transistor as the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit, the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device can be increased, and the light emission luminance of the light emitting device can be increased.
- the OS transistor When the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can reduce the change in the source-drain current with respect to the change in the gate-source voltage compared to the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a drive transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to increase the gradation in the pixel circuit.
- the OS transistor In the saturation characteristics of the current that flows when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can flow a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. can. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even when the current-voltage characteristics of the EL device vary, for example. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
- an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, it is possible to suppress black floating, increase emission luminance, provide multiple gradations, and suppress variations in light emitting devices. can be planned.
- the metal oxides of the semiconductor layer include, for example, indium and M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum , cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, and magnesium) and zinc.
- M is preferably one or more selected from aluminum, gallium, yttrium, and tin.
- an oxide also referred to as IGZO
- IGZO oxide containing indium (In), gallium (Ga), and zinc
- an oxide containing indium, tin, and zinc is preferably used.
- oxides containing indium, gallium, tin, and zinc are preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) is preferably used.
- an oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn) also referred to as IAGZO
- IAGZO oxide containing indium (In), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), and zinc (Zn)
- the atomic ratio of In in the In-M-Zn oxide is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of M.
- the content ratio of each element is 1 or more and 3 or less for Ga when In is 4, The case where Zn is 2 or more and 4 or less is included.
- the content ratio of each element is such that when In is 5, Ga is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less, including the case where Zn is 5 or more and 7 or less.
- the content ratio of each element is such that when In is 1, Ga is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less, including the case where Zn is greater than 0.1 and 2 or less.
- the transistor included in the circuit 164 and the transistor included in the display portion 162 may have the same structure or different structures.
- the plurality of transistors included in the circuit 164 may all have the same structure, or may have two or more types.
- the structures of the plurality of transistors included in the display portion 162 may all be the same, or may be of two or more types.
- All of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be OS transistors, all of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be Si transistors, or some of the transistors in the display portion 162 may be OS transistors and the rest may be Si transistors. good.
- LTPS transistors and OS transistors in the display portion 162
- a display device with low power consumption and high driving capability can be realized.
- a structure in which an LTPS transistor and an OS transistor are combined is sometimes called an LTPO.
- an OS transistor or the like it is more preferable to use an OS transistor or the like as a transistor or the like that functions as a switch for controlling conduction or non-conduction between wirings, and use an LTPS transistor or the like as a transistor or the like that controls current.
- one of the transistors included in the display portion 162 functions as a transistor for controlling the current flowing through the light emitting device and can also be called a driving transistor.
- One of the source and drain of the driving transistor is electrically connected to the pixel electrode of the light emitting device.
- An LTPS transistor is preferably used as the driving transistor. This makes it possible to increase the current flowing through the light emitting device in the pixel circuit.
- the other transistor included in the display unit 162 functions as a switch for controlling selection and non-selection of pixels, and can also be called a selection transistor.
- the gate of the selection transistor is electrically connected to the gate line, and one of the source and the drain is electrically connected to the source line (signal line).
- An OS transistor is preferably used as the selection transistor.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high aperture ratio, high definition, high display quality, and low power consumption.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes an OS transistor and a light-emitting device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- MML metal maskless
- leakage current that can flow through the transistor and leakage current that can flow between adjacent light-emitting devices also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like
- an observer can observe any one or more of sharpness of the image, sharpness of the image, high saturation, and high contrast ratio.
- 25B and 25C show other configuration examples of the transistor.
- the transistor 209 and the transistor 210 each include a conductive layer 221 functioning as a gate, an insulating layer 211 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a semiconductor layer 231 having a channel formation region 231i and a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, and one of the pair of low-resistance regions 231n.
- a conductive layer 222a connected to a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, a conductive layer 222b connected to the other of a pair of low-resistance regions 231n, an insulating layer 225 functioning as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 223 functioning as a gate, and an insulating layer 215 covering the conductive layer 223 have
- the insulating layer 211 is located between the conductive layer 221 and the channel formation region 231i.
- the insulating layer 225 is located at least between the conductive layer 223 and the channel formation region 231i.
- an insulating layer 218 may be provided to cover the transistor.
- the transistor 209 shown in FIG. 25B shows an example in which the insulating layer 225 covers the top surface and side surfaces of the semiconductor layer 231 .
- the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low-resistance region 231n through openings provided in the insulating layers 225 and 215, respectively.
- One of the conductive layers 222a and 222b functions as a source and the other functions as a drain.
- the insulating layer 225 overlaps the channel formation region 231i of the semiconductor layer 231 and does not overlap the low resistance region 231n.
- the insulating layer 215 is provided to cover the insulating layer 225 and the conductive layer 223, and the conductive layers 222a and 222b are connected to the low resistance region 231n through openings in the insulating layer 215, respectively.
- a connecting portion 204 is provided in a region of the substrate 151 where the substrate 152 does not overlap.
- the wiring 165 is electrically connected to the FPC 172 through the conductive layer 166 , the conductive layer 116 q, and the connection layer 242 .
- the conductive layer 166 is obtained by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layers 112a, 112b, and 112c, and the same conductive film as the conductive layers 126a, 126b, and 126c. It can have a laminated structure with the conductive film obtained by the above.
- the conductive layer 116q can be formed by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 116a, the conductive layer 116b, or the conductive layer 116c.
- the conductive layer 116q can be formed in the same step as the conductive layer 116c, and as shown in FIG. can.
- the end part is preferably covered with an insulating layer 168 so that the surface of the conductive layer 116p is not exposed.
- an insulating layer 168 By covering the end portion of the conductive layer 116p with the insulating layer 168, problems such as oxidation of the conductive layer 116p and short-circuiting can be suppressed.
- the conductive layer 116q may be omitted.
- the end portion of the conductive layer 166 may be covered with the insulating layer 168 .
- the conductive layer 166 may be electrically connected to the FPC 172 via the connection layer 242 .
- a light shielding layer 117 is preferably provided on the surface of the substrate 152 on the substrate 151 side.
- the light shielding layer 117 can be provided between adjacent light emitting devices, the connection portion 140, the circuit 164, and the like. Also, various optical members can be arranged outside the substrate 152 .
- a material that can be used for the substrate 120 can be applied to each of the substrates 151 and 152 .
- a material that can be used for the resin layer 122 can be applied to the adhesive layer 142 .
- An anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), or the like can be used for the connection layer 242 .
- ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
- ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
- Display device 100H A display device 100H shown in FIG. 26 is mainly different from the display device 100G in that it is a bottom emission type display device.
- the light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 151 side.
- a material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 151 .
- the material used for the substrate 152 may or may not be translucent.
- a light shielding layer 117 is preferably formed between the substrate 151 and the transistor 201 and between the substrate 151 and the transistor 205 .
- 26 shows an example in which the light-blocking layer 117 is provided over the substrate 151, the insulating layer 153 is provided over the light-blocking layer 117, and the transistor 201, the transistor 205, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 153.
- FIG. 26 shows an example in which the light-blocking layer 117 is provided over the substrate 151, the insulating layer 153 is provided over the light-blocking layer 117, and the transistor 201, the transistor 205, and the like are provided over the insulating layer 153.
- the conductive layer 112a, the conductive layer 112b, the conductive layer 126a, and the conductive layer 126b each use a material having high visible light transmittance.
- a material that reflects visible light is preferably used for the common electrode 115 .
- the layer 128 has a flat upper surface, but the shape of the layer 128 is not particularly limited.
- the upper surface of the layer 128 can be configured to have a shape in which the center and the vicinity thereof are depressed in a cross-sectional view, that is, a shape having a concave curved surface.
- the top surface of the layer 128 can be configured to have a shape in which the center and the vicinity thereof are swollen in a cross-sectional view, that is, have a convex curved surface.
- the top surface of layer 128 may have one or both of convex and concave surfaces.
- the number of convex curved surfaces and concave curved surfaces that the upper surface of the layer 128 has is not limited, and may be one or more.
- the height of the top surface of the layer 128 and the height of the top surface of the conductive layer 112a may match or substantially match, or may differ from each other.
- the height of the top surface of layer 128 may be lower or higher than the height of the top surface of conductive layer 112a.
- the light-emitting device has an EL layer 763 between a pair of electrodes (lower electrode 761 and upper electrode 762).
- EL layer 763 can be composed of multiple layers, such as layer 780 , light-emitting layer 771 , and layer 790 .
- the light-emitting layer 771 has at least a light-emitting substance (also referred to as a light-emitting material).
- the layer 780 can be a layer containing a material with high hole injection property (hole injection layer) or a layer containing a material with high hole transport property (positive electrode layer). hole-transporting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-blocking material (electron-blocking layer).
- the layer 790 includes a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties (electron injection layer), a layer containing a material with high electron transport properties (electron transport layer), and a layer containing a material with high hole blocking properties (positive layer). pore blocking layer).
- layers 780 and 790 are reversed to each other.
- a structure having a layer 780, a light-emitting layer 771, and a layer 790 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the structure of FIG. 27A is referred to herein as a single structure.
- FIG. 27B is a modification of the EL layer 763 included in the light emitting device shown in FIG. 27A. Specifically, the light-emitting device shown in FIG. It has a top layer 792 and a top electrode 762 on layer 792 .
- layer 781 is a hole injection layer
- layer 782 is a hole transport layer
- layer 791 is an electron transport layer
- layer 792 is an electron injection layer.
- the layer 781 is an electron injection layer
- the layer 782 is an electron transport layer
- the layer 791 is a hole transport layer
- the layer 792 is a hole injection layer.
- FIGS. 27C and 27D a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773) are provided between layers 780 and 790 is also a variation of the single structure.
- FIGS. 27C and 27D show an example having three light-emitting layers, the number of light-emitting layers in a single-structure light-emitting device may be two or four or more.
- the single structure light emitting device may have a buffer layer between the two light emitting layers.
- a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting units 763a and 763b) are connected in series via a charge generation layer 785 is referred to herein as a tandem structure.
- a tandem structure may be called a stack structure.
- the tandem structure can reduce the current required to obtain the same luminance as compared with the single structure, so reliability can be improved.
- the charge generation layer is also referred to as an intermediate layer.
- Figures 27D and 27F are examples where the display device has a layer 764 overlying the light emitting device.
- Figure 27D is an example of layer 764 overlapping the light emitting device shown in Figure 27C
- Figure 27F is an example of layer 764 overlapping the light emitting device shown in Figure 27E.
- One or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used as the layer 764 .
- the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 may be made of light-emitting substances emitting light of the same color, or even the same light-emitting substance.
- a light-emitting substance that emits blue light may be used for the light-emitting layers 771 , 772 , and 773 .
- a sub-pixel exhibiting blue light can extract the blue light emitted by the light emitting device.
- the sub-pixels that emit red light and the sub-pixels that emit green light are provided with a color conversion layer as layer 764 shown in FIG. , red or green light can be extracted.
- a single-structure light-emitting device preferably has a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits blue light and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits visible light with a longer wavelength than blue.
- a single-structure light-emitting device has three light-emitting layers, a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits red (R) light, a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits green (G) light, and a light-emitting layer that emits blue light. It is preferable to have a light-emitting layer having a light-emitting substance (B) that emits light.
- the stacking order of the light-emitting layers can be R, G, B from the anode side, or R, B, G, etc. from the anode side.
- a buffer layer may be provided between R and G or B.
- a light-emitting device with a single structure has two light-emitting layers, it has a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits blue (B) light and a light-emitting layer containing a light-emitting substance that emits yellow (Y) light. configuration is preferred.
- This structure is sometimes called a BY single structure.
- a color filter (also referred to as a colored layer) may be provided as the layer 764 shown in FIG. 27D.
- a desired color of light can be obtained by passing the white light through the color filter.
- a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably contains two or more types of light-emitting substances.
- two or more light-emitting substances may be selected so that the light emission of each light-emitting substance has a complementary color relationship.
- the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a light-emitting device that emits white light as a whole. The same applies to light-emitting devices having three or more light-emitting layers.
- the luminescent layers 771 and 772 may be made of a luminescent material that emits light of the same color, or even the same luminescent material.
- a light-emitting material that emits blue light may be used for each of the light-emitting layers 771 and 772 .
- blue light emitted by the light-emitting device can be extracted.
- a color conversion layer is provided as layer 764 shown in FIG. and can extract red or green light.
- the light-emitting layer 771 and the light-emitting layer 772 may use light-emitting substances with different emission colors.
- the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 771 and the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 772 are complementary colors, white light emission is obtained.
- FIG. 27F shows an example in which an additional layer 764 is provided.
- One or both of a color conversion layer and a color filter (colored layer) can be used for the layer 764 .
- a desired color of light can be obtained by passing the white light through the color filter.
- 27E and 27F show an example in which the light emitting unit 763a has one light emitting layer 771 and the light emitting unit 763b has one light emitting layer 772, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- Each of the light-emitting unit 763a and the light-emitting unit 763b may have two or more light-emitting layers.
- FIGS. 27E and 27F exemplify a light-emitting device having two light-emitting units
- the light emitting device may have three or more light emitting units.
- the configuration of the light-emitting device shown in FIGS. 28A to 28C can be mentioned.
- FIG. 28A shows a configuration having three light emitting units.
- a structure having two light-emitting units may be called a two-stage tandem structure, and a structure having three light-emitting units may be called a three-stage tandem structure.
- Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
- light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772, and layer 790b
- light-emitting unit 763c includes , a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
- the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 preferably contain light-emitting substances that emit light of the same color.
- the light-emitting layer 771, the light-emitting layer 772, and the light-emitting layer 773 each include a red (R) light-emitting substance (so-called three-stage tandem structure of R ⁇ R ⁇ R), the light-emitting layer 771, and the light-emitting layer 772 and 773 each include a green (G) light-emitting substance (so-called G ⁇ G ⁇ G three-stage tandem structure), or the light-emitting layers 771, 772, and 773 each include a blue light-emitting layer.
- a structure (B) including a light-emitting substance (a so-called three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ B ⁇ B) can be employed.
- the luminescent substances that emit light of the same color are not limited to the above configurations.
- a tandem-type light-emitting device in which light-emitting units each having a plurality of light-emitting substances are stacked may be used.
- FIG. 28B shows a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a and light-emitting unit 763b) are connected in series with the charge generation layer 785 interposed therebetween.
- the light-emitting unit 763a includes a layer 780a, a light-emitting layer 771a, a light-emitting layer 771b, a light-emitting layer 771c, and a layer 790a. and a light-emitting layer 772c and a layer 790b.
- the light-emitting layers 771a, 771b, and 771c are configured to emit white light (W) by selecting light-emitting substances having complementary colors.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 28C has a two-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W. Note that there is no particular limitation on the stacking order of the light-emitting substances that are complementary colors of the light-emitting layers 771a, 771b, and 771c. A practitioner can appropriately select the optimum stacking order. Although not shown, a three-stage tandem structure of W ⁇ W ⁇ W or a tandem structure of four or more stages may be employed.
- a tandem structure light-emitting device When a tandem structure light-emitting device is used, a two-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ Y having a light-emitting unit that emits yellow (Y) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, red (R) and green ( A two-stage tandem structure of R ⁇ G ⁇ B having a light-emitting unit that emits G) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, and a light-emitting unit that emits yellow (Y) light and a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light in this order, a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ Y ⁇ B, a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, and a yellow-green ( YG) light-emitting unit and blue (B) light-emitting unit in this order, B ⁇ YG ⁇ B three-stage tandem structure, blue (
- a light-emitting unit having one light-emitting substance and a light-emitting unit having a plurality of light-emitting substances may be combined.
- a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 763a, light-emitting unit 763b, and light-emitting unit 763c) are connected in series with the charge generation layer 785 interposed therebetween.
- Light-emitting unit 763a includes layer 780a, light-emitting layer 771, and layer 790a
- light-emitting unit 763b includes layer 780b, light-emitting layer 772a, light-emitting layer 772b, light-emitting layer 772c, and layer 790b.
- the light-emitting unit 763c includes a layer 780c, a light-emitting layer 773, and a layer 790c.
- the light-emitting unit 763a is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting unit 763b emits red (R), green (G), and yellow-green (YG) light.
- a three-stage tandem structure of B ⁇ R, G, and YG ⁇ B, in which the light-emitting unit 763c is a light-emitting unit that emits blue (B) light, or the like can be applied.
- the order of the number of stacked light-emitting units and the colors is as follows: from the anode side, a two-stage structure of B and Y; a two-stage structure of B and light-emitting unit X; a three-stage structure of B, Y, and B; , B, and the order of the number of layers of light-emitting layers and the colors in the light-emitting unit X is, from the anode side, a two-layer structure of R and Y, a two-layer structure of R and G, and a two-layer structure of G and R.
- a two-layer structure, a three-layer structure of G, R, and G, or a three-layer structure of R, G, and R can be used.
- another layer may be provided between the two light-emitting layers.
- the layer 780 and the layer 790 may each independently have a laminated structure consisting of two or more layers.
- light-emitting unit 763a has layers 780a, 771 and 790a
- light-emitting unit 763b has layers 780b, 772 and 790b.
- layers 780a and 780b each have one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer.
- layers 790a and 790b each include one or more of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, then layers 780a and 790a would have the opposite arrangement, and layers 780b and 790b would also have the opposite arrangement.
- layer 780a has a hole-injection layer and a hole-transport layer over the hole-injection layer, and further includes a hole-transport layer. It may have an electron blocking layer on the layer.
- Layer 790a also has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the electron-transporting layer.
- Layer 780b has a hole transport layer and may also have an electron blocking layer on the hole transport layer.
- Layer 790b also has an electron-transporting layer, an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer, and may also have a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the electron-transporting layer. If the bottom electrode 761 is the cathode and the top electrode 762 is the anode, for example, layer 780a has an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer on the electron injection layer, and a positive electrode on the electron transport layer. It may have a pore blocking layer. Layer 790a also has a hole-transporting layer and may also have an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the hole-transporting layer.
- Layer 780b has an electron-transporting layer and may also have a hole-blocking layer on the electron-transporting layer.
- Layer 790b also has a hole-transporting layer, a hole-injecting layer on the hole-transporting layer, and an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer 771 and the hole-transporting layer. good too.
- two light-emitting units are stacked with the charge generation layer 785 interposed therebetween.
- Charge generation layer 785 has at least a charge generation region.
- the charge-generating layer 785 has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode on the light extraction side of the lower electrode 761 and the upper electrode 762 .
- a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode on the side from which light is not extracted.
- the display device has a light-emitting device that emits infrared light
- a conductive film that transmits visible light and infrared light is used for the electrode on the side from which light is extracted
- a conductive film is used for the electrode on the side that does not extract light.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light and infrared light is preferably used.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light may also be used for the electrode on the side that does not take out light.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light is preferably placed between the EL layer 763 and the conductive film that reflects visible light. That is, the light emitted from the EL layer 763 may be reflected by a conductive film that reflects visible light and extracted from the display device.
- Metals, alloys, electrically conductive compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like can be appropriately used as materials for forming the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting device.
- Specific examples of such materials include aluminum, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, gallium, zinc, indium, tin, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, palladium, gold, platinum, silver, yttrium, and neodymium. and alloys containing these in appropriate combinations.
- Examples of such materials include indium tin oxide (also referred to as In—Sn oxide, ITO), In—Si—Sn oxide (also referred to as ITSO), indium zinc oxide (In—Zn oxide), and In -W-Zn oxide and the like can be mentioned.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- ITSO In—Si—Sn oxide
- In—Zn oxide indium zinc oxide
- In -W-Zn oxide and the like can be mentioned.
- an alloy containing aluminum (aluminum alloy) such as an alloy of aluminum, nickel, and lanthanum (Al-Ni-La), and an alloy of silver, palladium and copper (Ag-Pd-Cu, also known as APC) described).
- elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table of elements not exemplified above e.g., lithium, cesium, calcium, strontium
- europium e.g., europium
- rare earth metals such as ytterbium, and appropriate combinations thereof alloys, graphene, and the like.
- a micro optical resonator (microcavity) structure is preferably applied to the light emitting device. Therefore, one of the pair of electrodes included in the light-emitting device is preferably an electrode (semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode) that is transparent and reflective to visible light, and the other is an electrode that is reflective to visible light ( reflective electrode). Since the light-emitting device has a microcavity structure, the light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be resonated between both electrodes, and the light emitted from the light-emitting device can be enhanced.
- the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode can have a layered structure of a conductive layer that reflects visible light and a conductive layer that transmits visible light.
- the visible light transmittance of the conductive layer having transparency is set to 40% or more.
- the light-emitting device preferably uses an electrode having a transmittance of 40% or more for visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 750 nm).
- the visible light reflectance of the semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode is 10% or more and 95% or less, preferably 30% or more and 80% or less.
- the visible light reflectance of the reflective conductive layer is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 70% or more and 100% or less.
- the resistivity of these electrodes is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ cm or less.
- a light-emitting device has at least a light-emitting layer.
- a material with high hole injection property a material with high hole transport property, a hole blocking material, a material with high electron transport property, an electron blocking material, a material with high electron injection property, Alternatively, a layer containing a bipolar material (a material with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties) or the like may be further included.
- the light-emitting device has, in addition to the light-emitting layer, one or more of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole blocking layer, a charge generation layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. can be configured.
- Both low-molecular-weight compounds and high-molecular-weight compounds can be used in the light-emitting device, and inorganic compounds may be included.
- Each of the layers constituting the light-emitting device can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the luminescent layer has one or more luminescent substances.
- a substance that emits light such as blue, purple, blue-violet, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, or red is used as appropriate.
- a substance that emits near-infrared light can be used as the light-emitting substance.
- Examples of light-emitting substances include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, TADF materials, and quantum dot materials.
- fluorescent materials include pyrene derivatives, anthracene derivatives, triphenylene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, and naphthalene derivatives. be done.
- a phosphorescent material for example, a 4H-triazole skeleton, a 1H-triazole skeleton, an imidazole skeleton, a pyrimidine skeleton, a pyrazine skeleton, or an organometallic complex (especially an iridium complex) having a pyridine skeleton, or a phenylpyridine derivative having an electron-withdrawing group is coordinated.
- Organometallic complexes particularly iridium complexes
- platinum complexes, rare earth metal complexes, and the like, which are used as a child, can be mentioned.
- the light-emitting layer may contain one or more organic compounds (host material, assist material, etc.) in addition to the light-emitting substance (guest material).
- organic compounds host material, assist material, etc.
- One or both of a highly hole-transporting material (hole-transporting material) and a highly electron-transporting material (electron-transporting material) can be used as the one or more organic compounds.
- Bipolar materials or TADF materials may also be used as one or more organic compounds.
- the light-emitting layer preferably includes, for example, a phosphorescent material and a combination of a hole-transporting material and an electron-transporting material that easily form an exciplex.
- ExTET Exciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer
- a combination that forms an exciplex that emits light that overlaps with the wavelength of the absorption band on the lowest energy side of the light-emitting substance energy transfer becomes smooth and light emission can be efficiently obtained. With this configuration, high efficiency, low-voltage driving, and long life of the light-emitting device can be realized at the same time.
- the EL layer 763 includes layers other than the light-emitting layer, including a material with a high hole-injection property, a material with a high hole-transport property, a hole-blocking material, a material with a high electron-transport property, a material with a high electron-injection property, and an electron-blocking material. , or a layer containing a bipolar material (a material with high electron-transport properties and high hole-transport properties) or the like.
- the hole-injecting layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the hole-transporting layer, and contains a material with high hole-injecting properties.
- highly hole-injecting materials include aromatic amine compounds and composite materials containing a hole-transporting material and an acceptor material (electron-accepting material).
- hole-transporting material a material having a high hole-transporting property that can be used for the hole-transporting layer, which will be described later, can be used.
- oxides of metals belonging to groups 4 to 8 in the periodic table can be used.
- Specific examples include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, and rhenium oxide.
- molybdenum oxide is particularly preferred because it is stable even in the atmosphere, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.
- An organic acceptor material containing fluorine can also be used.
- Organic acceptor materials such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives can also be used.
- a material with a high hole-injection property a material containing a hole-transporting material and an oxide of a metal belonging to Groups 4 to 8 in the above-described periodic table (typically molybdenum oxide) is used. may be used.
- the hole-transporting layer is a layer that transports holes injected from the anode to the light-emitting layer by means of the hole-injecting layer.
- a hole-transporting layer is a layer containing a hole-transporting material.
- the hole-transporting material is preferably a material having a hole mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more. Note that materials other than these can also be used as long as they have higher hole-transport properties than electron-transport properties.
- the hole-transporting materials include materials with high hole-transporting properties such as ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.) and aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton). preferable.
- ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds e.g., carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.
- aromatic amines compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton.
- the electron blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer containing a material capable of transporting holes and blocking electrons.
- a material having an electron blocking property can be used among the above hole-transporting materials.
- the electron blocking layer has hole transport properties, it can also be called a hole transport layer. Moreover, the layer which has electron blocking property can also be called an electron blocking layer among hole transport layers.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer that transports electrons injected from the cathode to the light-emitting layer by the electron-injecting layer.
- the electron-transporting layer is a layer containing an electron-transporting material.
- the electron-transporting material is preferably a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 /Vs or more. Note that materials other than these can also be used as long as they have higher electron-transport properties than hole-transport properties.
- Electron-transporting materials include metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton, metal complexes having a benzoquinoline skeleton, metal complexes having an oxazole skeleton, metal complexes having a thiazole skeleton, oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, and oxazole. derivatives, thiazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, quinoline derivatives with quinoline ligands, benzoquinoline derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds.
- a material having a high electron-transport property such as a heteroaromatic compound can be used.
- the hole blocking layer is provided in contact with the light emitting layer.
- the hole-blocking layer is a layer containing a material that has electron-transport properties and can block holes.
- a material having a hole-blocking property can be used among the above-described electron-transporting materials.
- the hole-blocking layer can also be called an electron-transporting layer because it has electron-transporting properties. Moreover, among the electron transport layers, a layer having hole blocking properties can also be referred to as a hole blocking layer.
- the electron injection layer is a layer that injects electrons from the cathode to the electron transport layer, and is a layer that contains a material with high electron injection properties.
- Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used as materials with high electron injection properties.
- a composite material containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material (electron-donating material) can also be used as a material with high electron-injecting properties.
- the LUMO level of the material with high electron injection properties has a small difference (specifically, 0.5 eV or less) from the value of the work function of the material used for the cathode.
- the electron injection layer includes, for example, lithium, cesium, ytterbium, lithium fluoride (LiF), cesium fluoride (CsF), calcium fluoride (CaF x , x is an arbitrary number), 8-(quinolinolato)lithium (abbreviation: Liq), 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoratritium (abbreviation: LiPP), 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolatritium (abbreviation: LiPPy), 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)pheno Alkali metals such as latolithium (abbreviation: LiPPP), lithium oxide (LiO x ), cesium carbonate, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used.
- the electron injection layer may have a laminated structure of two or more layers. Examples of the laminated structure include a structure in which lithium fluoride is used for the first layer and ytterbium is provided for the second layer.
- the electron injection layer may have an electron-transporting material.
- a compound having a lone pair of electrons and an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring can be used as the electron-transporting material.
- a compound having at least one of a pyridine ring, diazine ring (pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, pyridazine ring), and triazine ring can be used.
- the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic compound having an unshared electron pair is preferably -3.6 eV or more and -2.3 eV or less.
- CV cyclic voltammetry
- photoelectron spectroscopy optical absorption spectroscopy
- inverse photoelectron spectroscopy etc. are used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level and LUMO level of an organic compound. can be estimated.
- BPhen 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- NBPhen 2,9-di(naphthalen-2-yl)-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- HATNA diquinoxalino [2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine
- TmPPPyTz 2,4,6-tris[3′-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]-1,3 , 5-triazine
- a charge generation layer (also called an intermediate layer) is provided between two light-emitting units.
- the charge-generating layer has a function of injecting electrons into one of the two light-emitting units and holes into the other when a voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes.
- the charge generation layer has at least a charge generation region.
- the charge generation region preferably contains an acceptor material, for example, preferably contains a hole transport material and an acceptor material applicable to the hole injection layer described above.
- the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron injection properties. This layer can also be called an electron injection buffer layer.
- the electron injection buffer layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer. Since the injection barrier between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer can be relaxed by providing the electron injection buffer layer, electrons generated in the charge generation region can be easily injected into the electron transport layer.
- the electron injection buffer layer preferably contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and can be configured to contain, for example, an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound.
- the electron injection buffer layer preferably has an inorganic compound containing an alkali metal and oxygen, or an inorganic compound containing an alkaline earth metal and oxygen. Lithium (Li 2 O), etc.) is more preferred.
- the above materials applicable to the electron injection layer can be preferably used.
- the charge generation layer preferably has a layer containing a material with high electron transport properties. Such layers may also be referred to as electron relay layers.
- the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer. If the charge generation layer does not have an electron injection buffer layer, the electron relay layer is preferably provided between the charge generation region and the electron transport layer.
- the electron relay layer has a function of smoothly transferring electrons by preventing interaction between the charge generation region and the electron injection buffer layer (or electron transport layer).
- a phthalocyanine-based material such as copper (II) phthalocyanine (abbreviation: CuPc), or a metal complex having a metal-oxygen bond and an aromatic ligand.
- charge generation region the electron injection buffer layer, and the electron relay layer described above may not be clearly distinguishable depending on their cross-sectional shape or characteristics.
- the charge generation layer may have a donor material instead of the acceptor material.
- the charge-generating layer may have a layer containing an electron-transporting material and a donor material, which are applicable to the electron-injecting layer described above.
- An electronic device of this embodiment includes the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can easily have high definition and high resolution. Therefore, it can be used for display portions of various electronic devices.
- Electronic devices include, for example, televisions, desktop or notebook personal computers, monitors for computers, digital signage, electronic devices with relatively large screens such as large game machines such as pachinko machines, and digital cameras. , digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, sound reproduction devices, and the like.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can have high definition, it can be suitably used for an electronic device having a relatively small display portion.
- electronic devices include wristwatch-type and bracelet-type information terminals (wearable devices), VR devices such as head-mounted displays, glasses-type AR devices, and MR devices. wearable devices that can be attached to
- a display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes HD (1280 ⁇ 720 pixels), FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels), WQHD (2560 ⁇ 1440 pixels), WQXGA (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 4K (2560 ⁇ 1600 pixels), 3840 ⁇ 2160) and 8K (7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels).
- the resolution it is preferable to set the resolution to 4K, 8K, or higher.
- the pixel density (definition) of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is preferably 100 ppi or more, preferably 300 ppi or more, more preferably 500 ppi or more, more preferably 1000 ppi or more, more preferably 2000 ppi or more, and 3000 ppi or more.
- the display device can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, 16:10.
- the electronic device of this embodiment includes sensors (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage , power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared).
- the electronic device of this embodiment can have various functions. For example, functions to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display, touch panel functions, functions to display calendars, dates or times, functions to execute various software (programs), wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- FIGS. 29A to 29D An example of a wearable device that can be worn on the head will be described with reference to FIGS. 29A to 29D.
- These wearable devices have at least one of a function of displaying AR content, a function of displaying VR content, a function of displaying SR content, and a function of displaying MR content.
- the electronic device has a function of displaying at least one content such as AR, VR, SR, and MR, it is possible to enhance the immersive feeling of the user.
- Electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 29A and electronic device 700B shown in FIG. It has a control section (not shown), an imaging section (not shown), a pair of optical members 753 , a frame 757 and a pair of nose pads 758 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 751 . Therefore, the electronic device can display images with extremely high definition.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B can each project an image displayed on the display panel 751 onto the display area 756 of the optical member 753. Since the optical member 753 has translucency, the user can see the image displayed in the display area superimposed on the transmitted image visually recognized through the optical member 753 . Therefore, the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B are electronic devices capable of AR display.
- the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B may be provided with a camera capable of capturing an image in front as an imaging unit. Further, the electronic devices 700A and 700B each include an acceleration sensor such as a gyro sensor to detect the orientation of the user's head and display an image corresponding to the orientation in the display area 756. You can also
- the communication unit has a wireless communication device, and can supply video signals, etc. by the wireless communication device.
- a connector to which a cable to which a video signal and a power supply potential are supplied may be provided.
- a battery is provided in the electronic device 700A and the electronic device 700B, and can be charged wirelessly and/or wiredly.
- the housing 721 may be provided with a touch sensor module.
- the touch sensor module has a function of detecting that the outer surface of the housing 721 is touched.
- the touch sensor module can detect a user's tap operation or slide operation and execute various processes. For example, it is possible to perform processing such as pausing or resuming a moving image by a tap operation, and fast-forward or fast-reverse processing can be performed by a slide operation. Further, by providing a touch sensor module for each of the two housings 721, the range of operations can be expanded.
- Various touch sensors can be applied to the touch sensor module.
- various methods such as a capacitance method, a resistive film method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, a surface acoustic wave method, and an optical method can be adopted.
- a photoelectric conversion device (also referred to as a photoelectric conversion element) can be used as the light receiving device.
- a photoelectric conversion device also referred to as a photoelectric conversion element
- One or both of an inorganic semiconductor and an organic semiconductor can be used for the active layer of the photoelectric conversion device.
- Electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 29C and electronic device 800B shown in FIG. It has a pair of imaging units 825 and a pair of lenses 832 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 820 . Therefore, the electronic device can display images with extremely high definition. This allows the user to feel a high sense of immersion.
- the display unit 820 is provided inside the housing 821 at a position where it can be viewed through the lens 832 . By displaying different images on the pair of display portions 820, three-dimensional display using parallax can be performed.
- Each of the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B can be said to be an electronic device for VR.
- a user wearing electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>A or electronic device 800 ⁇ /b>B can view an image displayed on display unit 820 through lens 832 .
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B each have a mechanism that can adjust the left and right positions of the lens 832 and the display unit 820 so that they are optimally positioned according to the position of the user's eyes. preferably. Further, it is preferable to have a mechanism for adjusting focus by changing the distance between the lens 832 and the display portion 820 .
- the wearing section 823 allows the user to wear the electronic device 800A or the electronic device 800B on the head.
- the shape is illustrated as a temple of eyeglasses (also referred to as a temple), but the shape is not limited to this.
- the mounting portion 823 may be worn by the user, and may be, for example, a helmet-type or band-type shape.
- the imaging unit 825 has a function of acquiring external information. Data acquired by the imaging unit 825 can be output to the display unit 820 . An image sensor can be used for the imaging unit 825 . Also, a plurality of cameras may be provided so as to be able to deal with a plurality of angles of view such as telephoto and wide angle.
- a distance measuring sensor capable of measuring the distance to an object
- the imaging unit 825 is one aspect of the detection unit.
- the detection unit can use, for example, an image sensor or a distance image sensor such as LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging).
- LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging
- the electronic device 800A may have a vibration mechanism that functions as bone conduction earphones.
- a vibration mechanism that functions as bone conduction earphones.
- one or more of the display portion 820, the housing 821, and the mounting portion 823 can be provided with the vibration mechanism.
- the user can enjoy video and audio simply by wearing the electronic device 800A without the need for separate audio equipment such as headphones, earphones, or speakers.
- the electronic device 800A and the electronic device 800B may each have an input terminal.
- the input terminal can be connected to a cable that supplies a video signal from a video output device or the like, power for charging a battery provided in the electronic device, or the like.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a function of wirelessly communicating with the earphone 750.
- Earphone 750 has a communication unit (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 750 can receive information (eg, audio data) from the electronic device by wireless communication function.
- information eg, audio data
- electronic device 700A shown in FIG. 29A has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- electronic device 800A shown in FIG. 29C has a function of transmitting information to earphone 750 by a wireless communication function.
- the electronic device may have an earphone part.
- Electronic device 700B shown in FIG. 29B has earphone section 727 .
- the earphone section 727 and the control section can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 727 and the control section may be arranged inside the housing 721 or the mounting section 723 .
- the electronic device 800B shown in FIG. 29D has an earphone section 827.
- the earphone unit 827 and the control unit 824 can be configured to be wired to each other.
- a part of the wiring connecting the earphone section 827 and the control section 824 may be arranged inside the housing 821 or the mounting section 823 .
- the earphone section 827 and the mounting section 823 may have magnets. Accordingly, the earphone section 827 can be fixed to the mounting section 823 by magnetic force, which is preferable because it facilitates storage.
- the electronic device may have an audio output terminal to which earphones or headphones can be connected. Also, the electronic device may have one or both of an audio input terminal and an audio input mechanism. As a voice input mechanism, for example, a sound collecting device such as a microphone can be used. By providing the electronic device with a voice input mechanism, the electronic device may function as a so-called headset.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is suitable for both glasses type (electronic device 700A, electronic device 700B, etc.) and goggle type (electronic device 800A, electronic device 800B, etc.). is.
- An electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can transmit information to earphones by wire or wirelessly.
- An electronic device 6500 shown in FIG. 30A is a mobile information terminal that can be used as a smartphone.
- the electronic device 6500 has a housing 6501, a display unit 6502, a power button 6503, a button 6504, a speaker 6505, a microphone 6506, a camera 6507, a light source 6508, and the like.
- a display portion 6502 has a touch panel function.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 6502 .
- FIG. 30B is a schematic cross-sectional view including the end of the housing 6501 on the microphone 6506 side.
- a light-transmitting protective member 6510 is provided on the display surface side of the housing 6501, and a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, a touch sensor panel 6513, and a printer are placed in a space surrounded by the housing 6501 and the protective member 6510.
- a substrate 6517, a battery 6518, and the like are arranged.
- a display panel 6511, an optical member 6512, and a touch sensor panel 6513 are fixed to the protective member 6510 with an adhesive layer (not shown).
- a portion of the display panel 6511 is folded back in a region outside the display portion 6502, and the FPC 6515 is connected to the folded portion.
- An IC6516 is mounted on the FPC6515.
- the FPC 6515 is connected to terminals provided on the printed circuit board 6517 .
- the flexible display of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panel 6511 . Therefore, an extremely lightweight electronic device can be realized. In addition, since the display panel 6511 is extremely thin, the thickness of the electronic device can be reduced and the large-capacity battery 6518 can be mounted. In addition, by folding back part of the display panel 6511 and arranging a connection portion with the FPC 6515 on the back side of the pixel portion, an electronic device with a narrow frame can be realized.
- FIG. 30C An example of a television device is shown in FIG. 30C.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 30C can be performed using operation switches provided on the housing 7101 and a separate remote control operation device 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display section for displaying information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication. is also possible.
- FIG. 30D shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- FIGS. 30E and 30F An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 30E and 30F.
- a digital signage 7300 shown in FIG. 30E includes a housing 7301, a display unit 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 30F shows a digital signage 7400 attached to a cylindrical post 7401.
- a digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 30E and 30F.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more information can be provided at once.
- the wider the display unit 7000 the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display unit 7000, not only can images or moving images be displayed on the display unit 7000, but also the user can intuitively operate the display unit 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or digital signage 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal device 7311 or information terminal device 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operating means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- the electronic device shown in FIGS. 31A to 31G includes a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, speed , acceleration, angular velocity, number of rotations, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or infrared rays function), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 31A to 31G have various functions. For example, a function to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a calendar, a function to display the date or time, a function to control processing by various software (programs), It can have a wireless communication function, a function of reading and processing programs or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like. Note that the functions of the electronic device are not limited to these, and can have various functions.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display units.
- the electronic device is equipped with a camera, etc., and has the function of capturing still images or moving images and storing them in a recording medium (external or built into the camera), or the function of displaying the captured image on the display unit, etc. good.
- FIGS. 31A to 31G Details of the electronic devices shown in FIGS. 31A to 31G will be described below.
- FIG. 31A is a perspective view showing a mobile information terminal 9101.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can be used as a smart phone, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may be provided with a speaker 9003, a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007, and the like.
- the mobile information terminal 9101 can display text and image information on its multiple surfaces.
- FIG. 31A shows an example in which three icons 9050 are displayed.
- Information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle can also be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001 . Examples of the information 9051 include notification of incoming e-mail, SNS, phone call, title of e-mail or SNS, sender name, date and time, remaining battery power, radio wave intensity, and the like.
- an icon 9050 or the like may be displayed at the position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 31B is a perspective view showing the mobile information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display portion 9001 .
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces.
- the user can confirm the information 9053 displayed at a position where the mobile information terminal 9102 can be viewed from above the mobile information terminal 9102 while the mobile information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of the clothes.
- the user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket, and can determine, for example, whether to receive a call.
- FIG. 31C is a perspective view showing the tablet terminal 9103.
- the tablet terminal 9103 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, e-mail, reading and creating text, playing music, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the tablet terminal 9103 has a display portion 9001, a camera 9002, a microphone 9008, and a speaker 9003 on the front of the housing 9000, operation keys 9005 as operation buttons on the left side of the housing 9000, and connection terminals on the bottom. 9006.
- FIG. 31D is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type mobile information terminal 9200.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can be used as a smart watch (registered trademark), for example.
- the display portion 9001 has a curved display surface, and display can be performed along the curved display surface.
- the mobile information terminal 9200 can also make hands-free calls by mutual communication with a headset capable of wireless communication, for example.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can transmit data to and from another information terminal through the connection terminal 9006, and can be charged. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply.
- FIGS. 31E and 31G are perspective views showing a foldable personal digital assistant 9201.
- FIG. 31E is a state in which the mobile information terminal 9201 is unfolded
- FIG. 31G is a state in which it is folded
- FIG. 31F is a perspective view in the middle of changing from one of FIGS. 31E and 31G to the other.
- the portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state, and has excellent display visibility due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by hinges 9055 .
- the display portion 9001 can be bent with a curvature radius of 0.1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.
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Abstract
Description
図2は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図3A及び図3Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図4A及び図4Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図5A及び図5Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図6は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図7A及び図7Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図8A及び図8Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図9A及び図9Bは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図10A乃至図10Cは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図11は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図12A乃至図12Eは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図13A乃至図13Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図14A乃至図14Cは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図15A乃至図15Gは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図16A乃至図16Kは、画素の一例を示す図である。
図17A及び図17Bは、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図18は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図19は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図20は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図21は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図22は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図23は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図24は、表示装置の一例を示す斜視図である。
図25Aは、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。図25B及び図25Cは、トランジスタの一例を示す断面図である。
図26は、表示装置の一例を示す断面図である。
図27A乃至図27Fは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。
図28A乃至図28Cは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す図である。
図29A乃至図29Dは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図30A乃至図30Fは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図31A乃至図31Gは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、図1乃至図14を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様である表示装置100の上面図を、図1Aに示す。表示装置100は、複数の画素110がマトリクス状に配置された表示部と、表示部の外側の接続部140と、を有する。画素110はそれぞれ、複数の副画素を有する。図1Aは、2行2列の画素110を示している。また、それぞれの画素110が3つの副画素(副画素110a、副画素110b、及び副画素110c)を有する構成として、2行6列分の副画素を示している。接続部140は、カソードコンタクト部と呼ぶこともできる。
本発明の一態様である表示装置の断面図を、図4Aに示す。上面図は、図1Aを参照できる。図4Aに示す断面図の一部の拡大図を、図4Bに示す。
本発明の一態様である表示装置の断面図を、図5Aに示す。上面図は、図1Aを参照できる。図5Aに示す断面図の一部の拡大図を、図5Bに示す。
本発明の一態様である表示装置の断面図を、図7Aに示す。上面図は、図1Aを参照できる。図7Aに示す断面図の一部の拡大図を、図7Bに示す。
本発明の一態様である表示装置の断面図を、図9Aに示す。上面図は、図1Aを参照できる。図9Aに示す断面図の一部の拡大図を、図9Bに示す。
本発明の一態様である表示装置の断面図を、図10A乃至図10C、及び図11に示す。上面図は、図1Aを参照できる。
まず、トランジスタを含む層101上に、絶縁層255a、絶縁層255b、及び絶縁層255cをこの順で形成する。続いて、絶縁層255c上に、画素電極111a、画素電極111b、画素電極111c及び導電層123を形成する(図12A)。画素電極の形成には、例えば、スパッタリング法または真空蒸着法を用いることができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、図15及び図16を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、主に、図1Aとは異なる画素レイアウトについて説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列として、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置について、図17乃至図26を用いて説明する。
図17Aに、表示モジュール280の斜視図を示す。表示モジュール280は、表示装置100Aと、FPC290と、を有する。なお、表示モジュール280が有する表示装置は表示装置100Aに限られず、後述する表示装置100B乃至表示装置100Fのいずれかであってもよい。
図18Aに示す表示装置100Aは、基板301、発光デバイス130R、発光デバイス130G、発光デバイス130B、着色層132R、着色層132G、着色層132B、容量240、及び、トランジスタ310を有する。
図19に示す表示装置100Bは、それぞれ半導体基板にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310Aと、トランジスタ310Bとが積層された構成を有する。なお、以降の表示装置の説明では、先に説明した表示装置と同様の部分については説明を省略することがある。
図20に示す表示装置100Cは、導電層341と導電層342を、バンプ347を介して接合する構成を有する。
図21に示す表示装置100Dは、トランジスタの構成が異なる点で、表示装置100Aと主に相違する。
図22に示す表示装置100Eは、それぞれチャネルが形成される半導体に酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタ320Aと、トランジスタ320Bとが積層された構成を有する。
図23に示す表示装置100Fは、基板301にチャネルが形成されるトランジスタ310と、チャネルが形成される半導体層に金属酸化物を含むトランジスタ320とが積層された構成を有する。
図24に表示装置100Gの斜視図を示し、図25Aに表示装置100Gの断面図を示す。
図26に示す表示装置100Hは、ボトムエミッション型の表示装置である点で、表示装置100Gと主に相違する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置に用いることができる発光デバイスについて、説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器について、図29乃至図31を用いて説明する。
Claims (10)
- 第1の発光デバイスと、第2の発光デバイスと、絶縁層と、を有し、
前記第1の発光デバイスは、第1の画素電極と、前記第1の画素電極上の第1のEL層と、前記第1のEL層上の共通電極と、を有し、
前記第2の発光デバイスは、第2の画素電極と、前記第2の画素電極上の第2のEL層と、前記第2のEL層上の前記共通電極と、を有し、
前記絶縁層は、開口を有し、
前記絶縁層は、前記第1の画素電極の側面と接する第1の面と、前記第1の面と対向する第2の面と、前記第1のEL層の下面と接する第3の面と、前記第2の画素電極の側面と接する第4の面と、前記第4の面と対向する第5の面と、前記第2のEL層の下面と接する第6の面と、を有し、
前記第3の面の高さ、前記第6の面の高さ、前記第1の画素電極の上面の高さ、及び前記第2の画素電極の上面の高さが、互いに一致または概略一致する領域を有し、
断面視において、前記第2の面と前記第3の面がなす角は、80°以上110°以下であり、
前記第1のEL層は、前記第2のEL層と同じ材料を有し、
前記第1のEL層は、前記第2のEL層と分離されている表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1のEL層の膜厚に対する、前記開口の深さの比は、0.5以上10.0以下である表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記開口の幅は、50nm以上500nm以下である表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1のEL層の膜厚に対する、前記開口の深さの比は、0.5以上10.0以下であり、
前記開口の幅は、50nm以上500nm以下である表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
第1の着色層と、第2の着色層と、を有し、
前記第1の着色層は、前記第1の発光デバイスと重畳する領域を有し、
前記第2の着色層は、前記第2の発光デバイスと重畳する領域を有し、
前記第2の着色層が透過する光は、前記第1の着色層が透過する光より短波長である表示装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一において、
第1の導電層と、第2の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の導電層及び前記第2の導電層はそれぞれ、可視光を透過し、
前記第1の導電層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記第1のEL層に挟持され、
前記第2の導電層は、前記第2の画素電極と前記第2のEL層に挟持され、
前記第2の導電層の膜厚は、前記第1の導電層の膜厚より薄い表示装置。 - 請求項5において、
第1の導電層と、第2の導電層と、を有し、
前記第1の導電層及び前記第2の導電層はそれぞれ、可視光を透過し、
前記第1の導電層は、前記第1の画素電極と前記第1のEL層に挟持され、
前記第2の導電層は、前記第2の画素電極と前記第2のEL層に挟持され、
前記第2の導電層の膜厚は、前記第1の導電層の膜厚より薄い表示装置。 - 請求項6において、
前記第1の導電層の側面は、前記第2の面と揃っている、または概略揃っており、
前記第2の導電層の側面は、前記第5の面と揃っている、または概略揃っている表示装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記第1の導電層の側面は、前記第2の面と揃っている、または概略揃っており、
前記第2の導電層の側面は、前記第5の面と揃っている、または概略揃っている表示装置。 - 第1の画素電極、及び第2の画素電極を形成し、
前記第1の画素電極、及び前記第2の画素電極の上面及び側面を覆う絶縁膜を形成し、
前記絶縁膜の一部を除去し、前記第1の画素電極の上面の高さ、及び前記第2の画素電極の上面の高さと互いに高さが一致または概略一致する絶縁層を形成し、
前記絶縁層に開口を形成し、
前記第1の画素電極上に第1のEL層を形成するとともに、前記第2の画素電極上に前記第1のEL層と分離する第2のEL層を形成し、
前記第1のEL層上、及び前記第2のEL層上に共通電極を形成し、
前記絶縁層は、前記第1の画素電極の側面と接する第1の面と、前記第1の面と対向する第2の面と、前記第1のEL層の下面と接する第3の面と、を有し、
前記絶縁層は、前記第3の面の高さが前記第1の画素電極の上面の高さと一致または概略一致する領域を有し、
断面視において、前記第2の面と前記第3の面がなす角は、80°以上110°以下であり、
前記第1のEL層は、前記第2のEL層と同じ材料を有する表示装置の作製方法。
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WO2020016701A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-23 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置 |
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