WO2023048259A1 - 炭素繊維強化複合材料及び炭素繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素繊維強化複合材料及び炭素繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023048259A1 WO2023048259A1 PCT/JP2022/035485 JP2022035485W WO2023048259A1 WO 2023048259 A1 WO2023048259 A1 WO 2023048259A1 JP 2022035485 W JP2022035485 W JP 2022035485W WO 2023048259 A1 WO2023048259 A1 WO 2023048259A1
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- composite material
- reinforced composite
- polyvinyl acetal
- carbon fiber
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- FHYMJCQVVSGWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,3-bis(oxiran-2-yl)-2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)propan-2-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(CC1OC1)(CC1OC1)CC1OC1 FHYMJCQVVSGWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound N1C(C)=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TYOXIFXYEIILLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5K8XI641G3 Chemical compound CCC1=NC=C(C)N1 ULKLGIFJWFIQFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPRPDTXKGSIXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caproic acid n-butyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCCCC RPRPDTXKGSIXMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICMAFTSLXCXHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCC ICMAFTSLXCXHRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MFIBZDZRPYQXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silyl]oxy-dimethyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCC[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCCOCC1CO1 MFIBZDZRPYQXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 IGODOXYLBBXFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011074 autoclave method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPRCOLKIYRSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)OCC2OC2)C=1C(=O)OCC1CO1 JRPRCOLKIYRSNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIKYOFDZBWIHTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl) cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1CC=CC(C(=O)OCC2OC2)C1C(=O)OCC1CO1 KIKYOFDZBWIHTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004976 cyclobutylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004980 cyclopropylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009730 filament winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid group Chemical group C(\C=C/C(=O)O)(=O)O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- JAYXSROKFZAHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound C1OC1CN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1CO1 JAYXSROKFZAHRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004843 novolac epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IGALFTFNPPBUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl-[2,3,4,5-tetrakis(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl]methanediamine Chemical compound C=1C(CC2OC2)=C(CC2OC2)C(CC2OC2)=C(CC2OC2)C=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 IGALFTFNPPBUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000944 sulfenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000626 sulfinic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F16/38—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an acetal or ketal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/48—Isomerisation; Cyclisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon fiber reinforced composite material and a method for producing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- Fiber-reinforced plastic one of fiber-reinforced composite materials, is lightweight, high-strength, and high-rigidity. It is used for a wide range of purposes.
- a method for producing fiber-reinforced plastics there is a method of using an intermediate material, that is, a prepreg, in which a reinforcing material made of long fibers (continuous fibers) such as reinforcing fibers is impregnated with a matrix resin. This method has the advantage that it is easy to control the content of the reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced plastic and that the content can be designed to be high.
- Epoxy resins are preferably used as matrix resins for such fiber-reinforced composite materials because of their excellent moldability. Epoxy resins are used in a wide range of industrial fields because fiber-reinforced composite materials with excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance can be obtained even after curing.
- Patent Document 1 describes a prepreg containing predetermined amounts of reinforcing fiber, epoxy resin, carboxyl group-containing polyvinyl formal resin, and amine curing agent.
- Patent Document 2 describes a prepreg for a fiber-reinforced composite material containing predetermined amounts of an epoxy resin, a thermoplastic resin soluble in the epoxy resin, and a latent curing agent.
- Patent Document 3 describes a prepreg obtained by impregnating reinforcing fibers with an epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy compound, a curing agent, and a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the resulting prepreg has insufficient tackiness (surface adhesiveness), resulting in a problem of reduced handleability. Moreover, the resulting prepreg has poor interfacial adhesion between the reinforcing fibers and the matrix resin, resulting in a problem that sufficient performance cannot be obtained. Furthermore, there is a problem that the toughness of the obtained prepreg is insufficient and the mechanical strength is lowered.
- the present invention provides a carbon fiber reinforced composite material and a carbon fiber reinforced composite material that have excellent tackiness, compatibility with epoxy resin, and interfacial adhesion, and can achieve high mechanical strength. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of.
- the present disclosure (1) is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing carbon fiber, an epoxy resin, a curing agent, and a polyvinyl acetal resin, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): and R 1 in the following formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- R 1 may be the same or different.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is described in the present disclosure (1), wherein R 1 in formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms and/or an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms. is a carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the present disclosure (3) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to the present disclosure (1) or (2), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin has a hydroxyl group content of 15.0 mol % or more and 45.0 mol % or less.
- the present disclosure (4) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of the present disclosure (1) to (3), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin has an average degree of polymerization of 2500 or less.
- the present disclosure (5) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of the present disclosure (1) to (4), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin has a glass transition temperature of 75° C. or higher.
- the present disclosure (6) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of the present disclosure (1) to (5), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin contains a structural unit having an acid-modified group.
- the present disclosure (7) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to the present disclosure (6), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin has a content of 0.01 to 20 mol % of structural units having an acid-modified group.
- the present disclosure (8) is the carbon fiber reinforced composite material according to any one of the present disclosure (1) to (7), wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin has a hydroxyl group content of 16.0 mol% or more and 45.0 mol% or less. is.
- the present disclosure (9) is any of the present disclosure (1) to (8), wherein the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 0.01 parts by weight or more and 40.0 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin. 1.
- the present disclosure (10) includes at least a step of producing a resin composition containing an epoxy resin, a curing agent, and a polyvinyl acetal resin, and a step of compounding the resin composition with carbon fibers
- Polyvinyl acetal resin is a method for producing a carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), wherein R 1 in the following formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material containing a polyvinyl acetal resin having a predetermined structure has excellent tackiness, compatibility with epoxy resin, interfacial adhesion, and high mechanical strength.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to achieve the desired strength, and have completed the present invention.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the above polyvinyl acetal resin contains a structural unit represented by the following formula (1), and R 1 in the following formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- R 1 may be the same or different.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is 1 or more, there is an advantage that the toughness of the carbon fiber composite material is improved and the impact resistance is excellent.
- the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 or more, and preferably 6 or less.
- R 1 in formula (1) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms and/or an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the above R 1 may be the same or may be a combination of different ones.
- the above R 1 is a combination of different ones, it is preferably a combination of an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms and an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is not particularly limited as long as it is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms. Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, iso-butyl group and sec-butyl group. group, tert-butyl group, and the like.
- pentyl group hexyl group, heptyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group, tridecyl group, tetradecyl group, pentadecyl group, octadecyl group and the like.
- a methyl group and an n-propyl group are preferred.
- the content of the structural unit having an acetal group represented by the general formula (1) preferably has a lower limit of 30 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 85 mol. %.
- alkyl acetal group content preferably has a lower limit of 30 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 85 mol. %.
- the amount of alkyl acetal groups is 30 mol % or more, a polyvinyl acetal resin having excellent toughness can be obtained.
- the amount of acetal groups is 85 mol % or less, the compatibility with epoxy resins can be improved.
- a more preferable lower limit of the alkyl acetal group amount is 60 mol %, and a more preferable upper limit thereof is 80 mol %.
- the preferred lower limit of the content of the structural unit (hereinafter also referred to as “degree of acetoacetalization”) is 5 mol%, which is preferred.
- the upper limit is 85 mol%.
- the compatibility with the epoxy resin can be maintained and excellent viscosity characteristics can be obtained.
- the preferred lower limit of the content of the structural unit (hereinafter also referred to as "butyralization degree”) is 0.5. 1 mol %, the preferred upper limit is 80 mol %.
- the compatibility with the epoxy resin can be maintained and excellent viscosity characteristics can be obtained.
- the ratio of the degree of acetoacetalization to the degree of butyralization is preferably 0.06 or more and 850 or less. Moreover, it is more preferable that the ratio is 0.1 or more and 375 or less.
- the preferable lower limit of the content of the structural unit having a hydroxyl group represented by the general formula (2) (hereinafter also referred to as "hydroxyl group content”) is 15.0 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 45.0. in mol %.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups is 15.0 mol % or more, a polyvinyl acetal resin having excellent adhesiveness can be obtained. Compatibility with an epoxy resin can fully be improved as the said amount of hydroxyl groups is 45.0 mol% or less.
- the hydroxyl group amount has a more preferable lower limit of 16.0 mol%, a more preferable lower limit of 18.0 mol%, a still more preferable lower limit of 20.0 mol%, a more preferable upper limit of 40.0 mol%, and a further preferable upper limit of 38.0 mol %.
- the content of the structural unit having an acetyl group represented by the general formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as "acetyl group content”) preferably has a lower limit of 0.1 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 25. in mol %.
- acetyl group content preferably has a lower limit of 0.1 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 25. in mol %.
- the amount of acetyl groups is 0.1 mol % or more, it is possible to suppress an increase in viscosity due to intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the amount of acetyl groups is 25 mol % or less, handleability can be improved without excessively lowering the heat resistance of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- a more preferred lower limit to the amount of acetyl groups is 0.5 mol%, a more preferred upper limit is 15 mol%, a still more preferred lower limit is 0.8 mol%, and a still more preferred upper limit is 14 mol%.
- the total amount of alkyl acetal groups, hydroxyl groups and acetyl groups preferably exceeds 95 mol %. More preferably, it is 96 mol % or more.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably contains a structural unit having an acid-modified group.
- the compatibility with the epoxy resin is improved, and the toughness of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material is improved.
- the adhesion to the carbon fibers is improved, separation between the matrix resin and the carbon fibers in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is suppressed. This can contribute to reducing defects and improving mechanical strength.
- Examples of the acid-modified group include carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, maleic acid group, sulfinic acid group, sulfenic acid group, phosphoric acid group, phosphonic acid group, and salts thereof.
- the structural unit having an acid-modifying group may have a structure in which two acid-modifying groups are bonded to the same carbon constituting the main chain, or a structure in which one acid-modifying group is bonded to the carbon constituting the main chain. good too.
- the acid-modified group may be directly bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the main chain, or may be bonded to the carbon atoms constituting the main chain via a linking group such as an alkylene group.
- the acid-modifying group may have a structure in which the acid-modifying group is bonded to the carbon constituting the acetal group.
- the alkylene group is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. is preferred, an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferred, and an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is even more preferred.
- Examples of the alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include a linear alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, and a cyclic alkylene group.
- Examples of the linear alkylene group include methylene group, vinylene group, n-propylene group, tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, octamethylene group and decamethylene group.
- Examples of the branched alkylene group include a methylmethylene group, a methylethylene group, a 1-methylpentylene group and a 1,4-dimethylbutylene group.
- cyclic alkylene group examples include a cyclopropylene group, a cyclobutylene group and a cyclohexylene group.
- a linear alkylene group is preferred, a methylene group, vinylene group and n-propylene group are more preferred, and a methylene group and vinylene group are still more preferred.
- the structural unit containing the carboxyl group includes, for example, a structural unit represented by the following formula (4-1) and a structure represented by the following formula (4-2). units, structural units represented by the following formula (4-3), and the like.
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent an alkylene group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or a methyl group.
- R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 7 is an alkylene group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms
- X 3 is It represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or a methyl group.
- R 2 , R 3 or R 7 is an alkylene group having 0 carbon atoms means that R 2 , R 3 or R 7 is a single bond.
- R 8 represents an alkylene group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms
- X 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom or a methyl group.
- the carbon number of 0 means the case where an alkylene group does not exist, that is, it means that it does not have an alkylene group and is directly bonded.
- X 1 and X 2 are a metal atom
- the metal atom include a sodium atom, a lithium atom, and a potassium atom.
- a sodium atom is preferred.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has a structural unit represented by formula (4-1).
- the polyvinyl acetal resin has the structural unit represented by the formula (4-1)
- the compatibility with the epoxy resin can be improved.
- X3 is a metal atom
- examples of the metal atom include sodium atom, lithium atom, potassium atom and the like. Among them, a sodium atom is preferred. The same applies when X4 is a metal atom.
- the content of structural units having acid-modified groups (hereinafter also referred to as "acid-modified group content”) preferably has a lower limit of 0.01 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 20 mol%.
- the amount of the acid-modified group is 0.01 mol% or more, the effect of having the acid-modified group in the polyvinyl acetal resin can be sufficiently exhibited, and the adhesiveness of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material is improved. can be improved.
- the acid-modified group content is 20 mol % or less, the tackiness and toughness of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be further improved.
- a more preferable lower limit of the amount of acid-modified groups in the polyvinyl acetal resin is 0.05 mol %, a more preferable upper limit is 15 mol %, a still more preferable lower limit is 0.1 mol %, and a still more preferable upper limit is 10 mol %.
- the acid-modified group content of the polyvinyl acetal resin means the ratio of structural units having an acid-modified group to the total structural units of the polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has an average degree of polymerization of 2500 or less.
- the average degree of polymerization is 2500 or less, sufficient mechanical strength can be imparted. Further, when the average degree of polymerization is 1000 or less, the solubility in organic solvents can be sufficiently improved, and the coatability and dispersibility can be further improved.
- a more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization is 150, and a more preferable upper limit is 1,000.
- the average degree of polymerization is the same as the average degree of polymerization of the raw material polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- the average degree of polymerization of the starting polyvinyl alcohol resin can be measured according to JIS K6726-1994.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 75° C. or higher.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- a more preferable lower limit of the glass transition temperature is 80°C.
- the upper limit of the glass transition temperature is not particularly limited, it is 115°C.
- the glass transition temperature can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).
- the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin has a preferable lower limit of viscosity of 30 Pa ⁇ s and a preferable upper limit of viscosity measured with a rheometer at 30° C. in a mixed state in which an epoxy resin is added and heated and dissolved.
- the mixing weight ratio of the epoxy resin and the polyvinyl acetal resin is set to 9:1. Within the above range, appropriate tackiness can be maintained after impregnation of carbon fibers, and handling properties can be improved.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin has a preferable lower limit of 0.1 Pa ⁇ s and a preferable upper limit of viscosity measured using a rheometer at 90° C.
- the ratio of the viscosity at 30° C. to the viscosity at 90° C. preferably has a lower limit of 6.5 and a preferred upper limit of 12,000.
- the above viscosity was measured by adding 10 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal resin to 90 parts by weight of epoxy resin, heating and dissolving the sample at 150 ° C. using a rheometer, for example, using a 20 mm parallel plate, cooling rate : 5°C/min, rotation speed: 100 rpm, gap: 500 ⁇ m, viscosity at 30°C and 90°C.
- the epoxy resin and thermoplastic resin used in the above viscosity measurement mean the epoxy resin and thermoplastic resin contained in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 40.0 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin. When the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is within the above range, the mechanical strength of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be sufficiently increased.
- the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably 0.001% by weight or more and preferably 35% by weight or less with respect to the entire composition. When the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin is within the above range, the mechanical strength of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be sufficiently increased.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can usually be produced by acetalizing a polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- the method of acetalization is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods can be used. Examples include a method of adding various aldehydes to the solution.
- the production method may be a method of acetalizing a polyvinyl alcohol resin containing a structural unit having an acid-modified group.
- a method of acetalizing unmodified polyvinyl alcohol and post-modifying it may also be used.
- aldehyde examples include linear, branched, cyclic saturated, cyclic unsaturated or aromatic aldehydes having 1 to 19 carbon atoms. Specific examples include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionylaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, tert-butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexylaldehyde and the like.
- the above aldehydes may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- aldehydes other than formaldehyde, cyclic saturated, cyclic unsaturated or aromatic aldehydes are preferred, and acetaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the aldehyde to be added can be appropriately set according to the amount of acetal groups in the desired polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the acetalization reaction is efficiently performed, and unreacted aldehyde It is also preferable because it is easy to remove.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin conventionally known polyvinyl alcohol resins such as resins produced by saponifying polyvinyl acetate with an alkali, an acid, aqueous ammonia or the like can be used.
- the above polyvinyl alcohol resin may be completely saponified, but it must be completely saponified if at least one unit has at least one unit having two consecutive hydroxyl groups with respect to the meso- and racemo-positions in the main chain. Instead, it may be a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol resin.
- polyvinyl alcohol resin copolymers of vinyl alcohol and monomers copolymerizable with vinyl alcohol, such as ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resins and partially saponified ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resins, may also be used. can be done.
- polyvinyl acetate-based resin examples include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin constituting the carbon fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably an acetalized product of polyvinyl alcohol resin having a degree of saponification of 75 mol % or more. Moreover, the degree of saponification is more preferably 85 mol % or more and 99.5 mol % or less.
- the holding time after the reaction is preferably 1.5 hours or longer, more preferably 2 hours or longer, although it depends on other conditions.
- the acetalization reaction can be allowed to proceed sufficiently by setting the holding time as described above.
- the holding temperature after the reaction is preferably 15° C. or higher, more preferably 20° C. or higher. By setting it as the said holding temperature, an acetalization reaction can fully be advanced.
- the polyvinyl alcohol resin usually contains a carboxylate, which is a basic component generated during saponification, it is preferable to use it after removing or neutralizing it by washing.
- the washing method in the washing step include a method of extracting basic components with a solvent, a method of dissolving the resin in a good solvent and then adding a poor solvent to reprecipitate only the resin, and a method of reprecipitating only the resin. and a method of adding an adsorbent to a solution containing to adsorb and remove basic components.
- Examples of the neutralizing agent used in the neutralization step include mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid; inorganic acids such as carbonic acid; and carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and hexanoic acid. , aliphatic sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid and ethanesulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids such as benzenesulfonic acid, and phenols such as phenol.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention contains carbon fibers.
- the carbon fiber include PAN-based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, cellulose-based carbon fiber, and vapor-grown carbon fiber.
- the carbon fiber As the form of the carbon fiber, twisted yarn, untwisted yarn, non-twisted yarn, etc. can be used. Untwisted yarn or untwisted yarn, which has a good balance between the formability and strength characteristics of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, is preferably used because it causes deterioration of the mechanical properties of the material.
- the carbon fiber may be subjected to an oxidation treatment to introduce an oxygen-containing functional group in order to improve adhesion to the matrix resin.
- Gas-phase oxidation, liquid-phase oxidation, and liquid-phase electrolytic oxidation are used as the oxidation treatment method. Liquid-phase electrolytic oxidation is preferably used from the viewpoint of high productivity and uniform treatment.
- the carbon fiber preferably has a single fiber fineness of 0.2 to 2.0 dtex, more preferably 0.4 to 1.8 dtex.
- the single fiber fineness is 0.2 dtex or more, the carbon fibers are less likely to be damaged due to contact with guide rollers during twisting, and the same damage is less likely to occur during the resin composition impregnation process.
- the single fiber fineness is 2.0 dtex or less, the carbon fibers can be sufficiently impregnated with the resin composition, resulting in improved fatigue resistance.
- the fineness of the carbon fiber is preferably 50 to 1800 tex.
- the number of filaments in one fiber bundle of the carbon fibers is preferably in the range of 2,500 to 100,000.
- the fiber arrangement tends to meander, which tends to cause a decrease in strength. Further, if the number of filaments exceeds 100,000, it may be difficult to impregnate the prepreg with the resin during fabrication or molding.
- the number of filaments is more preferably in the range of 2800-80000.
- the average fiber diameter of the carbon fibers is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 26 ⁇ m or less.
- the average fiber length of the carbon fibers is preferably 2 mm or longer, more preferably 4 mm or longer, preferably 100 mm or shorter, and more preferably 80 mm or shorter.
- the form of the carbon fiber is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include fibrous form, woven fabric, knitted fabric, sheet form of nonwoven fabric, and the like.
- the basis weight of the fibers is preferably 100 g/m 2 or more, more preferably 350 g/m 2 or more, and preferably 1000 g/m 2 or less. It is more preferably 650 g/m 2 or less.
- the density of the carbon fibers is preferably 1.6 g/cm 3 or more and 2.0 g/cm 3 or less.
- the carbon fiber content in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably 35% by weight or more and preferably 100% by weight or less. When the carbon fiber content is within the above range, the mechanical strength of the obtained carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be sufficiently increased. Also, the content of the carbon fiber is preferably 55 to 3685 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention contains epoxy resin.
- cross-linking can be achieved by applying energy such as heating, and high adhesiveness can be achieved.
- epoxy resin examples include monofunctional epoxy compounds, bifunctional epoxy compounds, and polyfunctional epoxy compounds such as trifunctional or higher epoxy compounds, and more preferably include monofunctional epoxy compounds and bifunctional epoxy compounds.
- Examples of the monofunctional epoxy compound include (meth)acrylic acid esters having a glycidyl group, aliphatic epoxy resins, aromatic epoxy resins, and the like. Among them, it is preferable to contain a (meth)acrylic acid ester having a glycidyl group.
- Examples of the (meth)acrylic ester having a glycidyl group include glycidyl (meth)acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate glycidyl ether, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate glycidyl ether, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate ) acrylate glycidyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate glycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate glycidyl ether, and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic epoxy resin include glycidyl ethers of aliphatic alcohols such as butyl glycidyl ether and lauryl glycidyl ether.
- Examples of the aromatic epoxy resin include phenylglycidyl ether and 4-t-butylphenylglycidyl ether. Among them, (meth)acrylic acid esters having glycidyl groups and aromatic epoxy resins are preferable.
- bifunctional epoxy compound examples include phenol novolac type epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, alkylphenol type epoxy resin, resorcinol type epoxy resin, and bifunctional naphthalene type epoxy resin.
- bifunctional epoxy compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- bifunctional alicyclic epoxy resins such as dicyclopentadiene dimethanol diglycidyl ether and polyalkylene glycol diglycidyl ethers such as polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether are preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity and workability.
- tri- or more functional epoxy compounds examples include tri- or more functional aromatic epoxy resins such as tri- or more functional phenol novolac epoxy resins, tri- or more functional alicyclic epoxy resins, and tri- or more functional glycidyl ester type epoxy resins.
- Epoxy resins tri- or higher functional glycidylamine type epoxy resins such as tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, triglycidyl-p-aminophenylmethane, triglycidyl-m-aminophenylmethane, tetraglycidyl-m-xylylenediamine, tri- or higher functional Heterocyclic epoxy resins, tri- or more functional diarylsulfone type epoxy resins, tri- or more functional alkylene glycidyl ether compounds such as glycerin triglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, tri- or more functional glycidyl Examples include group-containing hydantoin compounds, tri- or more functional glycidyl group-containing siloxanes, modified products thereof, and the like.
- the content of the epoxy resin has a preferred lower limit of 3% by weight, a more preferred lower limit of 6.5% by weight, a preferred upper limit of 66% by weight, and a more preferred upper limit of 56% by weight. be.
- the epoxy equivalent (molecular weight per epoxy group) of the epoxy resin preferably has a lower limit of 100 and a preferred upper limit of 5,000.
- the molecular weight of the epoxy resin has a preferred lower limit of 100 and a preferred upper limit of 70,000.
- the ratio of the content of the polyvinyl acetal resin to the content of the epoxy resin preferably has a lower limit of 0.0001.
- a more preferable lower limit is 0.001, a preferable upper limit is 0.4, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.35.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention contains a curing agent.
- the curing agent include phenol-based curing agents, thiol-based curing agents, amine-based curing agents, imidazole-based curing agents, acid anhydride-based curing agents, cyanate-based curing agents, and active ester-based curing agents.
- amine-based curing agents are preferred.
- the curing agent is preferably a nitrogen-containing compound.
- amine curing agent examples include trimethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-dimethylpiperazine, triethylenediamine, benzyldimethylamine, 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol. , 1,8-diazabicyclo(5,4.0)-undecene-7, 1,5-diazabicyclo(4,3.0)-nonene-5 and the like.
- imidazole curing agent examples include imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole and the like.
- the content of the curing agent in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention has a preferred lower limit of 0.5 parts by weight, a more preferred lower limit of 1.0 parts by weight, and a preferred upper limit of 100 parts by weight, and a more preferable upper limit is 50 parts by weight. Moreover, the content of the curing agent in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably 0.015 to 70% by weight.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention may further contain a curing accelerator and an organic solvent.
- the curing accelerator include phosphorus compounds, amine compounds and organometallic compounds.
- the content of the curing accelerator in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention has a preferred lower limit of 0.1 parts by weight, a more preferred lower limit of 0.5 parts by weight, and a preferred upper limit of 0.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin. is 30 parts by weight, and the more preferred upper limit is 10 parts by weight.
- Examples of the organic solvent include ketones, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters and the like.
- Examples of the ketones include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone.
- Examples of alcohols include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol. Toluene, xylene, etc. are mentioned as said aromatic hydrocarbons.
- esters examples include methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, butyl butanoate, methyl pentanoate, ethyl pentanoate, butyl pentanoate, methyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate, butyl hexanoate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl butyrate and the like.
- methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, terpineol, dihydroterpineol, butyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, terpineol acetate, dihydroterpineol acetate and the like can also be used.
- the preferable upper limit of the content of the organic solvent in the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is 5.0% by weight, and 0% by weight is particularly preferable.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention may contain other resins such as acrylic resins and ethyl cellulose as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content of other resins is preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention may further include a tackifying resin, an adhesive strength modifier, an emulsifier, an antioxidant, a softening agent, a filler, a pigment, a dye, and a silane coupling agent, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It may contain known additives such as agents, antioxidants, surfactants, and waxes.
- the method for producing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention is not particularly limited. and at least a step of conjugated to a fiber, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin contains the structural unit represented by the above formula (1), and R 1 in the above formula (1) is an alkyl group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- Certain methods of manufacturing carbon fiber reinforced composite materials can be used.
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) of the polyvinyl acetal resin is the carbon of the present invention. Since it is the same as the case of the fiber-reinforced composite material, its explanation is omitted.
- the epoxy resin, the curing agent, the polyvinyl acetal resin, and various additives to be added as necessary are mixed in a ball mill, a blender mill, a three-roll mill, a disper, a planetary mixer, or the like. and a method of mixing using various mixers.
- the epoxy resin and the polyvinyl acetal resin may be mixed and then the curing agent may be added, or the epoxy resin, the curing agent and the polyvinyl acetal resin are added at the same time. It may be produced by
- Examples of the method for combining the resin composition with the carbon fiber include a method of impregnating the carbon fiber. Specifically, for example, autoclave method, press method, hand lay-up method, pultrusion method, filament winding method, RTM method, pin winding method, infusion method, hot (cold) press method, spray-up method, continuous press method. etc.
- Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are not particularly limited, and they can be used for structural materials for aircraft, automobile applications, ship applications, sports applications, and other general industrial applications such as windmills and rolls. However, among them, it is particularly preferable to apply to those using a prepreg as an intermediate member.
- a carbon fiber reinforced composite material having excellent tackiness, compatibility with epoxy resin, interfacial adhesion, and high mechanical strength, and a method for producing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. can be provided.
- Example 1 (Production of polyvinyl acetal resin) 2700 g of pure water was added to 250 g of polyvinyl alcohol resin having an average degree of polymerization of 300 and a degree of saponification of 99 mol %, and the resin was dissolved by stirring at 90° C. for about 2 hours. This solution was cooled to 40° C., and 100 g of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 35% by weight and 90 g of acetaldehyde were added to carry out an acetalization reaction to precipitate a reaction product. After that, the acetalization reaction was completed at 40° C., and neutralization, washing with water and drying were carried out by a conventional method to obtain a white powder of polyvinyl acetal resin.
- the obtained polyvinyl acetal resin was dissolved in DMSO-d 6 at a concentration of 10% by weight, and the amounts of alkyl acetal groups (degree of acetoacetalization), hydroxyl groups and acetyl groups were measured using 13 C-NMR.
- Examples 2-10, 17, 19-21, Comparative Examples 1-4 Polyvinyl acetal resin, resin composition, A prepreg was produced.
- the polyvinyl acetal resins obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 4 and 5 are the same.
- Examples 4 to 6 and 8 and Comparative Example 3 two different aldehydes were used.
- Example 17 and Comparative Example 4 a bisphenol F type epoxy resin (NPEF-170, manufactured by Nana Plastics Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin (JER828, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.).
- Example 11 (Production of carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin) 100 g of carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin was added to 1000 g of pure water and stirred at a temperature of 90° C. for about 2 hours to dissolve. The solution was cooled to 40° C. and 90 g of hydrochloric acid (35% by weight concentration) and 90 g of acetaldehyde were added to the solution. The liquid temperature was lowered to 10° C., and the acetalization reaction was carried out while maintaining this temperature. Thereafter, the mixture was held at 40° C.
- the carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin is a structural unit having a carboxyl group represented by formula (4-1) (in formula (4-1), R 2 is a single bond, R 3 is a methylene group, X 1 , X 2 is a hydrogen atom), the average degree of polymerization is 400, the degree of saponification is 99.0 mol%, and the amount of acid-modified groups is 0.7 mol%.
- the single bond means an alkylene group having 0 carbon atoms.
- a resin composition and a prepreg were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin was used.
- Example 12 A carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin, a resin composition, and a prepreg were prepared in the same manner as in Example 11, except that the added amount of the polyvinyl acetal resin was changed to 2 parts by weight in "Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced composite material [prepreg]". made.
- Example 13 As a carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin, a structural unit having a carboxyl group represented by formula (4-1) (in formula (4-1), R 2 is a single bond, R 3 is a methylene group, X 1 , X 2 is a hydrogen atom), the average degree of polymerization is 400, the degree of saponification is 99.0 mol%, and the amount of acid-modified groups is 2.0 mol%.
- An acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin, a resin composition, and a prepreg were produced.
- Example 14 As a carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin, a structural unit having a carboxyl group represented by formula (4-1) (in formula (4-1), R 2 is a single bond, R 3 is a methylene group, X 1 , X 2 is a hydrogen atom), the average degree of polymerization is 600, the degree of saponification is 99.0 mol%, the amount of acid-modified groups is 1.0 mol%, and the amount of acetaldehyde added is 110 g.
- a carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin, a resin composition, and a prepreg were produced in the same manner as in Example 11.
- Example 15 (Production of sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin) 100 g of sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin was added to 1000 g of pure water and stirred at a temperature of 90° C. for about 2 hours to dissolve. The solution was cooled to 40° C. and 90 g of hydrochloric acid (35% by weight concentration) and 90 g of acetaldehyde were added to the solution. The liquid temperature was lowered to 10° C., and the acetalization reaction was carried out while maintaining this temperature. Thereafter, the mixture was held at 40° C.
- the sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin has a structure in which sulfonic acid groups are directly bonded to carbon atoms in the main chain, and has an average degree of polymerization of 300, a degree of saponification of 99.0 mol %, and an amount of acid-modified groups of 0.5. 7 mol %.
- a resin composition and a prepreg were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the obtained sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin was used.
- Example 16 As a carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol resin, a structural unit having a carboxyl group represented by formula (4-1) (in formula (4-1), R 2 is a single bond, R 3 is a methylene group, X 1 , X 2 is a hydrogen atom), the average degree of polymerization is 2500, the degree of saponification is 99.0 mol%, and the amount of acid-modified groups is 1.0 mol%.
- a carboxylic acid-modified polyvinyl acetal resin, a resin composition, and a prepreg were produced in the same manner as in Example 11, except that 110 g of the resin was added.
- Epoxy Resin Compatibility Add 10 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl acetal resin to 90 parts by weight of the epoxy resin used in "Production of carbon fiber reinforced composite material [prepreg]", heat and dissolve at 150 ° C. and evaluate. A sample was made. The prepared sample was allowed to cool to room temperature and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours. During this process, the appearance was observed at three points: "at 150°C”, “at 70°C during cooling”, and "at room temperature for 24 hours”. The presence or absence of phase separation was confirmed based on transparency or cloudiness, and evaluation was made according to the following criteria.
- Adhesion interfacial shear strength measurement
- the polyvinyl acetal-containing resin compositions obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were dropped on carbon fibers and cured by heating at 150° C. for 1 hour to prepare measurement samples.
- the interfacial shear strength between the carbon fiber and the resin of the prepared sample was measured by the microdroplet method (drawing speed: 0.12 mm/min) using a composite material interface property evaluation device (manufactured by Toei Sangyo Co., Ltd., model HM410).
- Tackiness The obtained prepreg was evaluated for tackiness according to the following criteria based on the tactile sensation. ⁇ : Appropriate tackiness and excellent handleability ⁇ : Slightly excessive or insufficient tackiness, but no problem in handling ⁇ : Excessive or significantly insufficient tackiness, poor handling There's a problem
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it is possible to provide a carbon fiber reinforced composite material that has excellent tackiness, compatibility with epoxy resin, and interfacial adhesion, and is capable of realizing high mechanical strength.
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Abstract
Description
また、特許文献2には、エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂に溶解可能な熱可塑性樹脂、潜在性硬化剤を所定量含有する繊維強化複合材料用プリプレグが記載されている。
更に、特許文献3には、エポキシ化合物、硬化剤、ポリビニルアセタール系樹脂を含有するエポキシ樹脂組成物を補強繊維に含浸することによって得られるプリプレグが記載されている。
また、得られるプリプレグは、強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂との界面密着性が悪く、充分な性能を得られないという問題も起こっている。
更に、得られるプリプレグの靭性が不足して、機械的強度が低下するという問題がある。
本開示(2)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、式(1)中のR1が、炭素数1以上のアルキル基、及び/又は、炭素数3以上のアルキル基である、本開示(1)記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(3)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、水酸基量が15.0モル%以上45.0モル%以下である、本開示(1)又は(2)記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(4)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、平均重合度2500以下である、本開示(1)~(3)の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(5)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が75℃以上である、本開示(1)~(4)の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(6)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、酸変性基を有する構成単位を含有する、本開示(1)~(5)の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(7)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、酸変性基を有する構成単位の含有量が0.01~20モル%である、本開示(6)記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(8)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、水酸基量が16.0モル%以上45.0モル%以下である、本開示(1)~(7)の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(9)は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の含有量は、エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、0.01重量部以上40.0重量部以下である、本開示(1)~(8)の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料である。
本開示(10)は、エポキシ樹脂、硬化剤、及び、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含有する樹脂組成物を作製する工程と、前記樹脂組成物を炭素繊維に複合化する工程と、を少なくとも有し、前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、下記式(1)に示す構成単位を含有し、下記式(1)中のR1が炭素数1以上のアルキル基である、炭素繊維強化複合材料の製造方法である。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、下記式(1)に示す構成単位を含有し、下記式(1)中のR1が炭素数1以上のアルキル基である。
上記アルキル基の炭素数が1以上であることで、炭素繊維複合材料の強靭性が向上し、耐衝撃性に優れるという利点がある。上記炭素数は1以上であることが好ましく、6以下であることが好ましい。特に、式(1)中のR1が、炭素数1以上のアルキル基、及び/又は、炭素数3以上のアルキル基であることが好ましい。
上記R1が異なるものの組み合わせである場合、炭素数1以上のアルキル基、及び、炭素数3以上のアルキル基の組み合わせであることが好ましい。
上記アルキルアセタール基量が30モル%以上であると、強靭性に優れたポリビニルアセタール樹脂とすることができる。上記アセタール基量が85モル%以下であると、エポキシ樹脂への相溶性を向上させることができる。
上記アルキルアセタール基量は、より好ましい下限が60モル%、より好ましい上限が80モル%である。
なお、本明細書において、アルキルアセタール基量の計算方法としては、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂のアセタール基が、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂の2個の水酸基を有する構成単位をアセタール化して得られたものであることから、アルキルアセタール化された2個の水酸基を有する構成単位を数える方法を採用してアルキルアセタール基量を計算する。
また、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂において、上記一般式(1)中のR1がn-プロピル基を有する場合、当該構成単位の含有量(以下、「ブチラール化度」ともいう)の好ましい下限は0.1モル%、好ましい上限は80モル%である。上記範囲内とすることで、エポキシ樹脂との相溶性を維持し、優れた粘度特性を得ることができる。
上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂において、上記一般式(1)中のR1がメチル基と、n-プロピル基とを両方有する場合、上記ブチラール化度に対する上記アセトアセタール化度の割合[アセトアセタール化度/ブチラール化度]は0.06以上、850以下であることが好ましい。また、上記割合は0.1以上、375以下であることがより好ましい。
上記水酸基量が15.0モル%以上であると、接着性に優れたポリビニルアセタール樹脂とすることができる。上記水酸基量が45.0モル%以下であると、エポキシ樹脂との相溶性を充分に向上させることができる。
上記水酸基量は、より好ましい下限が16.0モル%、更に好ましい下限が18.0モル%、より更に好ましい下限が20.0モル%、より好ましい上限が40.0モル%、更に好ましい上限が38.0モル%である。
上記アセチル基量が0.1モル%以上であると、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂中の水酸基の分子内及び分子間の水素結合による高粘度化を抑制することができる。上記アセチル基量が25モル%以下であると、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の耐熱性を下げすぎることなく、ハンドリング性を向上させることができる。
上記アセチル基量は、より好ましい下限が0.5モル%、より好ましい上限が15モル%、更に好ましい下限が0.8モル%、更に好ましい上限が14モル%である。
なお、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂において、アルキルアセタール基量と水酸基量とアセチル基量との合計量は、95モル%を超えるものであることが好ましい。より好ましくは96モル%以上である。
上記酸変性基を有する構成単位を有することで、エポキシ樹脂への相溶性が向上し、得られる炭素繊維強化複合材料の強靭性が向上する。また、炭素繊維への密着性が向上するため、炭素繊維強化複合材料におけるマトリックス樹脂と炭素繊維における剥離を抑制する。これにより欠陥の低減、機械的強度の向上に貢献することができる。
また、上記酸変性基は、主鎖を構成する炭素に直接結合していてもよく、主鎖を構成する炭素にアルキレン基等の連結基を介して結合していてもよい。
さらに、上記酸変性基は、アセタール基を構成する炭素に酸変性基が結合した構造でもよい。
上記酸変性基を有する構成単位が、主鎖を構成する炭素にアルキレン基を介して酸変性基が結合した構造を有する場合、上記アルキレン基としては、炭素数1~10のアルキレン基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキレン基であることがより好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキレン基であることが更に好ましい。
上記直鎖状アルキレン基としては、メチレン基、ビニレン基、n-プロピレン基、テトラメチレン基、ペンタメチレン基、ヘキサメチレン基、オクタメチレン基、デカメチレン基等が挙げられる。
上記分岐鎖状アルキレン基としては、メチルメチレン基、メチルエチレン基、1-メチルペンチレン基、1,4-ジメチルブチレン基等が挙げられる。
上記環状アルキレン基としてはシクロプロピレン基、シクロブチレン基、シクロヘキシレン基等が挙げられる。
なかでも、直鎖状アルキレン基が好ましく、メチレン基、ビニレン基、n-プロピレン基がより好ましく、メチレン基、ビニレン基が更に好ましい。
なお、炭素数0とはアルキレン基が存在しない場合を意味し、すなわちアルキレン基を有さず、直接結合したものを意味する。
上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が上記式(4-1)で表される構成単位を有する場合、エポキシ樹脂との相溶性をより優れたものとすることができる。
上記酸変性基量が0.01モル%以上であると、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が酸変性基を有することによる効果を充分に発揮させることができ、得られる炭素繊維強化複合材料の接着性をより向上させることができる。酸変性基量が20モル%以下であると、炭素繊維強化複合材料のタック性、強靭性をより向上させることができる。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の酸変性基量のより好ましい下限は0.05モル%、より好ましい上限は15モル%であり、更に好ましい下限は0.1モル%、更に好ましい上限は10モル%である。
なお、本明細書中、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の酸変性基量とは、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の構成単位全体に占める酸変性基を有する構成単位の割合を意味する。
上記平均重合度が2500以下であることで、充分な機械的強度を付与することができる。また、上記平均重合度は1000以下であると有機溶剤への溶解を充分に向上させて、より塗工性、分散性に優れたものとすることができる。
上記平均重合度のより好ましい下限は150、より好ましい上限は1000である。
上記平均重合度は、原料ポリビニルアルコール樹脂の平均重合度と同様である。原料ポリビニルアルコール樹脂の平均重合度は、JIS K6726-1994に準拠して測定することができる。
上記ガラス転移温度が75℃以上であることで、耐熱性を向上させるとともに、含浸時の染み出し量を低減することができる。上記ガラス転移温度のより好ましい下限は80℃である。上記ガラス転移温度の上限は特に限定されないが115℃である。
なお、上記ガラス転移温度は示差走査型熱量計(DSC)を用いて測定することができる。
上記範囲内とすることで、炭素繊維への含浸後に適切なタック性を維持することができ、ハンドリング性を向上させることができる。
また、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、エポキシ樹脂を添加し加熱溶解した混合状態において、90℃においてレオメーターを用いて測定した場合の粘度の好ましい下限が0.1Pa・s、好ましい上限が4.5Pa・sである。
上記範囲内とすることで、炭素繊維への含浸時に最適な粘度となり、ボイドの発生率を抑制させることができる。
更に、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、30℃における粘度と、90℃における粘度との比(30℃の粘度/90℃の粘度)の好ましい下限が6.5、好ましい上限が12000である。上記範囲内とすることで、タック性に優れ、ボイド発生率の低い強靭な炭素繊維強化複合材料を製造することができる。
なお、上記粘度は、エポキシ樹脂90重量部に対して、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を10重量部添加し、150℃にて加熱溶解させたサンプルを、レオメーターを用い、例えば、20mmパラレルプレート使用、降温速度:5℃/min、回転数:100rpm、ギャップ:500μmの条件で測定した場合における30℃、90℃での粘度を意味する。
なお、上記粘度測定で使用するエポキシ樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂は、炭素繊維強化複合材料に含まれるエポキシ樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂を意味する。
また、本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材料における上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の含有量は、組成物全体に対して0.001重量%以上であることが好ましく、35重量%以下であることが好ましい。上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の含有量が上記範囲であると、得られる炭素繊維強化複合材料の機械的強度を充分に高めることができる。
上記アセタール化の方法としては特に限定されず、従来公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、酸触媒の存在下でポリビニルアルコール樹脂の水溶液、アルコール溶液、水/アルコール混合溶液、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)溶液中に各種アルデヒドを添加する方法等が挙げられる。
また、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂が、酸変性基を有する構成単位を含有する場合、その製造方法としては、酸変性基を有する構成単位を含有するポリビニルアルコール樹脂をアセタール化する方法であってもよく、未変性のポリビニルアルコールをアセタール化し、後変性する方法であってもよい。
上記ポリビニルアルコール樹脂は、完全ケン化されていてもよいが、少なくとも主鎖の1カ所にメソ、ラセモ位に対して2連の水酸基を有するユニットが最低1ユニットあれば完全ケン化されている必要はなく、部分ケン化ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂であってもよい。また、上記ポリビニルアルコール樹脂としては、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体樹脂、部分ケン化エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体樹脂等、ビニルアルコールと共重合可能なモノマーとビニルアルコールとの共重合体も用いることができる。
上記ポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂は、例えば、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体等が挙げられる。
反応後の保持温度は、15℃以上であることが好ましく、20℃以上であることがより好ましい。上記保持温度とすることで、アセタール化反応を充分に進行させることができる。
上記洗浄工程における洗浄方法としては、例えば、溶剤によって塩基性成分を抽出する方法や、樹脂を良溶媒に溶解させた後に貧溶媒を投入して樹脂のみを再沈させる方法や、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を含有する溶液中に吸着剤を添加して塩基性成分を吸着除去する方法等が挙げられる。
上記中和工程に用いる中和剤としては、例えば、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸、リン酸等の鉱酸や、炭酸等の無機酸や、蟻酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、ヘキサン酸等のカルボン酸や、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸等の脂肪族スルホン酸や、ベンゼンスルホン酸等の芳香族スルホン酸、フェノール等のフェノール類等が挙げられる。
上記炭素繊維としては、例えば、PAN系炭素繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、セルロース系炭素繊維、気相成長系炭素繊維等が挙げられる。
また、上記炭素繊維は、マトリックス樹脂との接着性を向上させるために、酸化処理が施され、酸素含有官能基が導入されていてもよい。上記酸化処理方法としては、気相酸化、液相酸化および液相電解酸化が用いられるが、生産性が高く、均一処理ができるという観点から、液相電解酸化が好ましく用いられる。
上記炭素繊維は、一つの繊維束中のフィラメント数が2500~100000本の範囲であることが好ましい。フィラメント数が2500本を下回ると、繊維配列が蛇行しやすく強度低下の原因となりやすい。また、フィラメント数が100000本を上回ると、プリプレグ作製時あるいは成形時に樹脂含浸が難しいことがある。フィラメント数は、より好ましくは2800~80000本の範囲である。
上記炭素繊維の平均繊維長は、2mm以上であることが好ましく、4mm以上であることがより好ましく、100mm以下であることが好ましく、80mm以下であることがより好ましい。
上記炭素繊維の形態は、特に限定されないが、例えば、繊維状、織物、編物、不織布のシート状等が挙げられる。
上記炭素繊維がシート状である場合、上記繊維の目付は、100g/m2以上であることが好ましく、350g/m2以上であることがより好ましく、1000g/m2以下であることが好ましく、650g/m2以下であることがより好ましい。
また、上記炭素繊維の密度は、1.6g/cm3以上、2.0g/cm3以下であることが好ましい。
また、上記炭素繊維の含有量は、上記エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、55~3685重量部であることが好ましい。
上記エポキシ樹脂を含有することで、加熱等によりエネルギーを印加することで架橋させることが可能となり、高い接着性を実現することができる。
上記グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステルとしては、例えば、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートグリシジルエーテル、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートグリシジルエーテル、3-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレートグリシジルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレートグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール-ポリプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレートグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
上記脂肪族系エポキシ樹脂としては、ブチルグリシジルエーテル、ラウリルグリシジルエーテル等の脂肪族アルコールのグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
上記芳香族系エポキシ樹脂としては、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、4-t-ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
なかでも、グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル、芳香族系エポキシ樹脂が好ましい。
上記エポキシ樹脂の分子量は、好ましい下限が100、好ましい上限が70000である。
上記硬化剤としては、例えば、フェノール系硬化剤、チオール系硬化剤、アミン系硬化剤、イミダゾール系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤、シアネート系硬化剤、活性エステル系硬化剤等が挙げられる。なかでも、アミン系硬化剤が好ましい。また、上記硬化剤は、窒素含有化合物であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材料中の上記硬化剤の含有量は、0.015~70重量%であることが好ましい。
上記硬化促進剤としては、例えば、リン化合物、アミン化合物及び有機金属化合物等が挙げられる。
本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材料中の上記硬化促進剤の含有量は、上記エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、好ましい下限が0.1重量部、より好ましい下限が0.5重量部、好ましい上限が30重量部、より好ましい上限が10重量部である。
上記ケトン類としては、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、ジプロピルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン等が挙げられる。
上記アルコール類としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール等が挙げられる。
上記芳香族炭化水素類としては、トルエン、キシレン等が挙げられる。
上記エステル類としては、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸ブチル、ブタン酸メチル、ブタン酸エチル、ブタン酸ブチル、ペンタン酸メチル、ペンタン酸エチル、ペンタン酸ブチル、ヘキサン酸メチル、ヘキサン酸エチル、ヘキサン酸ブチル、酢酸2-エチルヘキシル、酪酸2-エチルヘキシル等が挙げられる。
また、メチルセルソルブ、エチルセルソルブ、ブチルセルソルブ、テルピネオール、ジヒドロテルピネオール、ブチルセルソルブアセテート、ブチルカルビトールアセテート、テルピネオールアセテート、ジヒドロテルピネオールアセテート等を用いることもできる。
なお、本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材料の製造方法におけるエポキシ樹脂、硬化剤、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の各構成のほか、上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の上記式(1)に示す構成単位については、本発明の炭素繊維強化複合材料の場合と同様であるため、その説明を省略する。
また、上記樹脂組成物を作製する工程としては、エポキシ樹脂及びポリビニルアセタール樹脂を混合した後、硬化剤を添加して作製してもよく、エポキシ樹脂、硬化剤、及び、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を同時に添加して作製してもよい。
(ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の作製)
平均重合度300、ケン化度99モル%のポリビニルアルコール樹脂250gに純水2700gを加え、90℃で約2時間攪拌し溶解させた。この溶液を40℃に冷却し、これに濃度35重量%の塩酸100gとアセトアルデヒド90gとを添加してアセタール化反応を行い、反応生成物を析出させた。その後、40℃で、アセタール化反応を完了させ、常法により中和、水洗及び乾燥を行い、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の白色粉末を得た。
得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂をDMSO-d6に10重量%の濃度で溶解し、13C-NMRを用いて、アルキルアセタール基量(アセトアセタール化度)、水酸基量、アセチル基量を測定した。
ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(JER828、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製)100重量部に対して、硬化剤(ジシアンジアミド)6重量部、得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂10重量部を添加し、プロセスホモジナイザー(SMT社製)を用いて15000rpmで混合し、樹脂組成物を調製した。
その後、得られた樹脂組成物を、ハンドレイアップ法によりPAN系炭素繊維(東レ社製、T700SC-12000-50C、フィラメント数:12000、繊度:800tex、密度:1.8g/cm3)に含浸させ、150℃で1時間加熱することで硬化させてプリプレグを作製した。なお、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、PAN系炭素繊維300重量部を用いた。
表1に示す種類、添加量のポリビニルアルコール樹脂(PVA)、アルデヒドを用い、表2に示す組成で樹脂組成物を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
なお、実施例1と2、実施例4と5で得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂は同じものである。
また、実施例4~6、8及び比較例3では、異なる2種のアルデヒドを用いた。
更に、実施例17、比較例4では、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(JER828、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製)に代えて、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(NPEF-170、南亜プラスチック社製)を用いた。
(カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の作製)
カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂100gを、純水1000gに加えて90℃の温度で約2時間攪拌し、溶解させた。この溶液を40℃に冷却し、塩酸(濃度35重量%)90gとアセトアルデヒド90gを溶液に添加した。液温を10℃に下げ、この温度を保持してアセタール化反応を行った。その後、40℃で、3時間保持して反応を完了させ、常法により中和、水洗及び乾燥を行い、カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の白色粉末を得た。
なお、カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂は、式(4-1)で表されるカルボキシル基を有する構成単位(式(4-1)中、R2が単結合、R3がメチレン基、X1、X2が水素原子)を有し、平均重合度が400、ケン化度が99.0モル%、酸変性基量が0.7モル%である。ここで、上記単結合とは炭素数0のアルキレン基を意味する。
得られたカルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
「炭素繊維強化複合材料[プリプレグ]の作製」において、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の添加量を2重量部とした以外は、実施例11と同様にして、カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂として、式(4-1)で表されるカルボキシル基を有する構成単位(式(4-1)中、R2が単結合、R3がメチレン基、X1、X2が水素原子)を有し、平均重合度が400、ケン化度が99.0モル%、酸変性基量が2.0モル%のものを用いた以外は、実施例11と同様にしてカルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂として、式(4-1)で表されるカルボキシル基を有する構成単位(式(4-1)中、R2が単結合、R3がメチレン基、X1、X2が水素原子)を有し、平均重合度が600、ケン化度が99.0モル%、酸変性基量が1.0モル%のものを用い、アセトアルデヒドの添加量を110gとした以外は、実施例11と同様にしてカルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
(スルホン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の作製)
スルホン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂100gを、純水1000gに加えて90℃の温度で約2時間攪拌し、溶解させた。この溶液を40℃に冷却し、塩酸(濃度35重量%)90gとアセトアルデヒド90gを溶液に添加した。液温を10℃に下げ、この温度を保持してアセタール化反応を行った。その後、40℃で、3時間保持して反応を完了させ、常法により中和、水洗及び乾燥を行い、スルホン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の白色粉末を得た。
なお、スルホン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂は、スルホン酸基が主鎖の炭素に直接結合した構造を有し、平均重合度が300、ケン化度が99.0モル%、酸変性基量が0.7モル%である。
得られたスルホン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアルコール樹脂として、式(4-1)で表されるカルボキシル基を有する構成単位(式(4-1)中、R2が単結合、R3がメチレン基、X1、X2が水素原子)を有し、平均重合度が2500、ケン化度が99.0モル%、酸変性基量が1.0モル%のものを用い、アセトアルデヒド90gに代えて、アセトアルデヒド38g、ブチルアルデヒド110gを添加した以外は、実施例11と同様にしてカルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
「炭素繊維強化複合材料[プリプレグ]の作製」において、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂(JER828、ジャパンエポキシレジン社製)に代えて、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(NPEF-170、南亜プラスチック社製)を用いた以外は、実施例11と同様にして、カルボン酸変性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグを作製した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂、樹脂組成物、プリプレグについて、以下の評価を行った。結果を表1、2に示した。
得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂について、示差走査型熱量計(DSC)を用い、10℃/分の昇温速度にてガラス転移温度を測定した。
得られた樹脂組成物を、150℃で1時間加熱することで硬化させ、樹脂硬化板を作製した。これよりダンベル試験片(JIS K7161-2-1B型)を切り出し、万能試験機(Instron社)を用いて下記条件にて引張ひずみを測定した。
試験条件:JIS K 7161-2
試験速度:1mm/min
ギャップ間距離:115mm
なお、樹脂組成物の引張ひずみが高い場合、プリプレグとした場合でも同様に高い引張ひずみを実現することができる。
「炭素繊維強化複合材料[プリプレグ]の作製」で使用したエポキシ樹脂90重量部に得られたポリビニルアセタール樹脂10重量部を添加し、150℃にて加熱溶解させて評価サンプルを作製した。
作製したサンプルを室温まで放冷し室温で24時間静置した。この過程において「150℃の時点」「放冷中の70℃の時点」「室温で24時間静置後の時点」の3つの時点で外観の観察を行った。透明または白濁で相分離の有無を確認し、以下の基準で評価した。
◎:150℃、70℃、室温のどの時点でも相溶性良好、溶液透明である
〇:150℃、70℃では相分離無いが、室温では溶液白濁あり
△:150℃では相分離無いが、70℃、室温では溶液白濁あり
×:150℃で溶解せず、溶液白濁あり
実施例及び比較例で得られたポリビニルアセタールを含有する樹脂組成物を炭素繊維上にドロップし、150℃で1時間加熱することで硬化を実施し、測定サンプルを作製した。複合材界面特性評価装置(東栄産業社製、HM410型)を用い、マイクロドロップレット法(引抜速度:0.12mm/min)により、作製したサンプルの炭素繊維と樹脂の界面せん断強度を測定した。
得られたプリプレグを5枚積層した後にドリルで穴を開け、開口部を外観観察し、以下の基準で評価した。
◎:層間剥離が全く発生していない
○:1枚のみ剥離が発生
×:2枚以上剥離が発生
得られたプリプレグについて、触感により以下の基準でタック性を評価した。
◎:タック性が適切でありハンドリング性が優れている
○:タック性に多少の過不足があるが、ハンドリング性に問題はない
×:タック性が過剰もしくは大幅に不足しており、ハンドリング性に問題がある
Claims (10)
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、式(1)中のR1が、炭素数1以上のアルキル基、及び/又は、炭素数3以上のアルキル基である、請求項1記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、水酸基量が15.0モル%以上45.0モル%以下である、請求項1又は2記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、平均重合度2500以下である、請求項1~3の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が75℃以上である、請求項1~4の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、酸変性基を有する構成単位を含有する、請求項1~5の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、酸変性基を有する構成単位の含有量が0.01~20モル%である、請求項6記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、水酸基量が16.0モル%以上45.0モル%以下である、請求項1~7の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の含有量は、エポキシ樹脂100重量部に対して、0.01重量部以上40.0重量部以下である、請求項1~8の何れかに記載の炭素繊維強化複合材料。
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JPH05186667A (ja) | 1992-01-09 | 1993-07-27 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | エポキシ樹脂組成物及びプリプレグ |
JPH069802A (ja) | 1992-06-26 | 1994-01-18 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | プリプレグ |
JP2006335791A (ja) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-12-14 | Chisso Corp | エポキシ樹脂組成物、およびそれを含むプリプレグ |
JP2009292976A (ja) * | 2008-06-06 | 2009-12-17 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | プレス成形用プリプレグ及び成形品の製造方法 |
JP2015160938A (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-07 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 高強度かつ高サイクル成形性を有する熱硬化性エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
WO2017104771A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-22 | Jnc株式会社 | 複合シート、電子機器 |
JP2018150635A (ja) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-27 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | 複合繊維、その複合繊維を有する繊維強化複合材料用組成物及び繊維強化複合材料 |
WO2019202762A1 (ja) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Jnc株式会社 | プリプレグ、およびそれを用いた繊維強化複合材料 |
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