WO2023045164A1 - 非水电解液及其锂离子电池 - Google Patents
非水电解液及其锂离子电池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023045164A1 WO2023045164A1 PCT/CN2021/142645 CN2021142645W WO2023045164A1 WO 2023045164 A1 WO2023045164 A1 WO 2023045164A1 CN 2021142645 W CN2021142645 W CN 2021142645W WO 2023045164 A1 WO2023045164 A1 WO 2023045164A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- carbonate
- electrolytic solution
- compound
- ion battery
- Prior art date
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OS(=O)OC=C RBBXSUBZFUWCAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl sulfate;hydron Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC=C VEWLDLAARDMXSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MGNVWUDMMXZUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CCCS(O)(=O)=O MGNVWUDMMXZUDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the application relates to the field of energy storage devices, in particular to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery thereof.
- the current high-voltage ternary cathode materials face serious problems such as poor high-temperature storage and cycle gas production.
- the conventional electrolyte will be oxidized and decomposed on the surface of the positive electrode of the battery at a high voltage of 4.4V. Especially under high temperature conditions, the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte will be accelerated, and at the same time, the deterioration reaction of the positive electrode material will be promoted.
- Chinese patent 201510848401.7 discloses a six-membered heterocyclic compound, which can improve the cycle performance at room temperature under high voltage, but the substance tends to consume electrons on the electrode surface and form a polymer, and the polymer is unstable and tends to consume electrons continuously. It leads to the generation of self-discharge of the battery, so the low-temperature discharge performance and high-temperature performance are poor.
- the object of the present application is to provide a non-aqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery thereof, the additive of this non-aqueous electrolytic solution can form a polymer interface film on the electrode surface, and this polymer interface film consumes less electrons, It has a good ability to conduct lithium ions, so it has better high and low temperature performance and first effect. At the same time, the stability of the polymer interface film is high, and the decomposition of the interface film will not occur during storage, so the storage performance is improved.
- the first aspect of the present application provides a non-aqueous electrolyte, including lithium salts, non-aqueous organic solvents and additives, the additives include compound A, the structural formula of the compound A is as shown in structural formula I,
- R 1 to R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-12 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-12 alkenyl, and X and Y are each independently selected from Si, B or C, and at least one of X and Y is Si or B.
- Compound A of the present application contains a cyclic diene structure, which can form a polymer interfacial film on the electrode surface.
- the polymer consumes less electrons, has stronger toughness and stability, and can inhibit negative electrode materials (especially silicon negative electrode materials) )
- the interface is broken, thereby reducing the consumption of interface active lithium, so the first-time efficiency of the battery is improved.
- the stability of the polymer interface film is high, so the decomposition of the interface film will not occur during storage, and its storage performance is better.
- the presence of Si or B in the ring structure can further improve the composition of the polymer interface film, so that the polymer interface film has a good ability to conduct lithium ions, so the high-temperature cycle and low-temperature discharge performance are better.
- each of R 1 to R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C3 alkyl
- X and Y are each independently selected from Si, B or C, and At least one of X and Y is Si or B.
- the mass percentage of the compound A in the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.1-5%, specifically but not limited to 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% , 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%.
- the compound A is selected from at least one of the following compounds 1 to 5, preferably compound 1 and compound 2, which have a symmetrical structure, better stability, and more stable battery performance.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is 0.5-1.5M.
- the lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), bistrifluoromethanesulfonate Lithium imide (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ), lithium bisoxalate borate (C 4 BLiO 8 ), lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO 2 F 2 ), lithium difluorooxalate borate (C 2 BF 2 LiO 4 ) , at least one of lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate (LiDFBP) and lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI).
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- LiClO 4 lithium perchlorate
- LiBF 4 lithium te
- the organic solvent is at least one of chain carbonate, cyclic carbonate and carboxylate. More preferably, described non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), propylene carbonate (PC), At least one of butyl acetate (n-Ba), ⁇ -butyrolactone ( ⁇ -Bt), propyl propionate (n-Pp), ethyl propionate (EP) and ethyl butyrate (Eb) .
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- n-Ba butyl acetate
- ⁇ -Bt ⁇ -butyrolactone
- propyl propionate n-Pp
- EP ethyl propionate
- Eb
- the additives also include vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinyl sulfite (ES), 1,3- At least one of propane sultone (PS) and vinyl sulfate (DTD), and its content in the mass percentage of the non-aqueous electrolyte is 0.1 to 6%, specifically not limited to 0.1%, 0.5% %, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- VEC vinyl ethylene carbonate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- ES vinyl sulfite
- PS propane sultone
- DTD vinyl sulfate
- the second aspect of the present application provides a lithium-ion battery, including positive electrode material, negative electrode material and electrolyte, the electrolyte is the aforementioned non-aqueous electrolyte, the positive electrode material is nickel cobalt manganese oxide, and the highest charge The voltage is 4.4V.
- the lithium-ion battery of the present application has better high-temperature cycle, low-temperature discharge performance and storage performance because it contains compound A, and because it consumes less electrons, its first-time efficiency is also higher.
- the chemical formula of the nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide is LiNi x Co y Mn (1-xy) M z O 2 , wherein, 0.6 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.9, x+y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.08, M is at least one of Al, Mg, Zr and Ti.
- the negative electrode material is selected from at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, lithium titanate, silicon-carbon composite material and silicon oxide, preferably silicon-carbon composite material.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries Dimethyl carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC ) and diethyl carbonate
- EC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- the mixture of esters (DEC) is used as an organic solvent, and mixed uniformly according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a non-aqueous organic solvent, and then add additives. Seal the solution and place it in the freezer (-4°C) for 2 hours, then take it out, and slowly add lithium salt to the mixed solution in a nitrogen-filled glove box (O 2 ⁇ 2ppm, H 2 O ⁇ 3ppm), and mix well That is, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium-ion battery is made.
- a nitrogen-filled glove box O 2 ⁇ 2ppm, H 2 O ⁇ 3ppm
- NCM622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
- silicon carbon negative electrode material 10wt.%Si
- the electrolyte of ⁇ 7 was made into a lithium-ion battery according to the following lithium battery preparation method, and the initial efficiency, low-temperature discharge performance, high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance were tested respectively.
- the test results are shown in Table 2.
- Si-carbon anode material (10wt.% Si), thickener CMC, binder SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber emulsion) was made into a slurry at a mass ratio of 95:1.4:1.4:2.2, and coated on the current collector copper Foil and dry at 85°C, the coating amount is 168g/m 2 ; carry out edge trimming, cutting into pieces, slitting, after slitting, dry at 110°C for 4 hours under vacuum conditions, and weld the tabs to meet the requirements Lithium-ion battery negative plate.
- the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet and diaphragm prepared according to the above process are made into a lithium-ion battery with a thickness of 4.7mm, a width of 55mm, and a length of 60mm through a lamination process, and vacuum-baked at 75°C for 10h, injecting Example 16 and The non-aqueous electrolytic solutions of Comparative Examples 1-5.
- the first efficiency test Under the condition of normal temperature (25°C), three-step constant current charging is performed on the lithium-ion battery after the liquid injection and standing for 24 hours: 1) constant current 0.05C charging for 1 hour, record the constant current charging capacity C 1 ; 2) constant current Charge at 0.1C for 1 hour, record the constant current charging capacity C 2 ; 3) charge at 0.2C constant current for 4 hours, limit the voltage at 3.95V, record the constant current charging capacity C 3 , then seal the battery twice, and store it at room temperature (25°C) Under these conditions, the battery after the secondary sealing was charged and discharged at 0.5C/0.5C, and the upper and lower limit voltages were 4.4V and 3.0V respectively (the charge capacity was recorded as C 4 , and the discharge capacity was recorded as C 0 ). Then discharge to 3.0V at 0.5C, repeat charging and discharging twice, and finally charge the battery to 3.8V at 0.5C, use the following formula to calculate the first charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium-ion battery.
- Low-temperature discharge performance test Under normal temperature (25°C), charge and discharge the lithium-ion battery once at 0.5C/0.5C (the discharge capacity is denoted as C 0 ), the upper limit voltage is 4.4V, and then at 0.5C constant current Charge the battery to 4.4V under high voltage conditions, put the lithium-ion battery in a low-temperature box at -20°C for 4 hours, and discharge it at -20°C at 0.5C (the discharge capacity is recorded as C 1 ), and use the following formula to calculate the lithium-ion battery low temperature discharge rate.
- High temperature cycle test Under the condition of high temperature (45°C), the lithium-ion battery is charged and discharged once at 1.0C/1.0C (the discharge capacity is denoted as C 0 ), and the upper limit voltage is 4.4V. Then charge and discharge at 1.0C/1.0C for 500 cycles at room temperature (the discharge capacity is denoted as C 1 ).
- Capacity retention (C 1 /C 0 )*100%.
- High-temperature storage test Under normal temperature (25°C), charge and discharge the lithium-ion battery once at 0.3C/0.3C (the discharge capacity is denoted as C 0 ), the upper limit voltage is 4.4V, and the battery is placed in an oven at 60°C Set aside for 15 days, take out the battery, place the battery in an environment of 25°C, discharge at 0.3C, record the discharge capacity as C 1 , and then charge and discharge the lithium-ion battery at 0.3C/0.3C once (the discharge capacity is recorded as C 2 ) .
- Capacity recovery rate (C 2 /C 0 )*100%
- the stability of the polymer interface film is high, so the decomposition of the interface film will not occur during storage, and its storage performance is better.
- the presence of Si or B in the ring structure can further improve the composition of the polymer interface film, so that the polymer interface film has a good ability to conduct lithium ions, so the high-temperature cycle and low-temperature discharge performance are better.
- Example 1 Compared Example 1 with Examples 10-13, it can be known that adding some additives on the basis of Compound A has better high-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance.
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Abstract
一种非水电解液及其锂离子电池,其中,非水电解液包括锂盐、非水有机溶剂和添加剂,添加剂包括化合物A,化合物A的结构式如结构式I所示,其中,R1~R8各自独立地选自氢、卤素、取代或未取代的C1~12的烷基、取代或未取代的C1~12的烯基,X、Y各自独立地选自Si、B或C,且X和Y中至少一个为Si或B。本申请的化合物A中含有环状双烯结构,其可于电极表面形成聚合物界面膜,且消耗的电子较少,故电池的首次效率较高。同时,聚合物界面膜稳定性高,故不致在存储过程中产生界面膜的分解,其存储性能较佳。再者,环内结构中具有Si或B,可进一步改善聚合物界面膜组分,使得聚合物界面膜具有良好的传导锂离子的能力,故高温循环和低温放电性能较佳。
Description
本申请涉及储能器械领域,具体涉及一种非水电解液及其锂离子电池。
目前的高电压三元正极材料面临高温存储差、循环产气等严重的问题。一方面可能是新开发的正极材料包覆或掺杂技术不太完善,另一方面即是电解液的匹配问题,常规的电解液在4.4V高电压下是会在电池正极表面氧化分解的,特别在高温条件下,会加速电解液的氧化分解,同时促使正极材料的恶化反应。
中国专利201510848401.7公开了一种六元杂环化合物,该化合物可以改善高电压下常温循环性能,但该物质在电极表面容易消耗电子,形成聚合物,且该聚合物不稳定,容易持续消耗电子,导致电池自放电的产生,故低温放电性能和高温性能较差。
因此,必须开发一种能耐4.4V高电压的电解液,进而实现锂离子电池电性能的优良发挥。
申请内容
为解决上述问题,本申请的目的在于提供一种非水电解液及其锂离子电池,此非水电解液的添加剂能于电极表面形成聚合物界面膜,此聚合物界面膜消耗电子较少,其具有良好的传导锂离子能力,故具有较佳的高、低温性能和首效,同时聚合物界面膜的稳定性高,不致在存储过程中产生界面膜的分解,故存储性能得以改善。
为实现上述目的,本申请第一方面提供了一种非水电解液,包括锂盐、非水有机溶剂和添加剂,所述添加剂包括化合物A,所述化合物A的结构式如结构式I所示,
其中,R
1~R
8各自独立地选自氢、卤素、取代或未取代的C1~12的烷基、取代或未取代的C1~12的烯基,X、Y各自独立地选自Si、B或C,且X和Y中至少一个为Si或B。
本申请的化合物A中含有环状双烯结构,其可于电极表面形成聚合物界面膜,该聚合物消耗的电子较少,韧性和稳定性较强,可抑制负极材料(尤其是硅负极材料)在嵌锂过程中,界面的破裂,从而减少界面活性锂的消耗,故电池的首次效率得到了提高。同时,聚合物界面膜稳定性高,故不致于在存储过程中产生界面膜的分解,其存储性能较佳。再者,环内结构中具有Si或B,可进一步改善聚合物界面膜组分,使得聚合物界面膜具有良好的传导锂离子的能力,故高温循环和低温放电性能较佳。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述R
1~R
4各自独立地选自氢、卤素、取代或未取代的C1~C3的烷基,X、Y各自独立地选自Si、B或C,且X和Y中至少一个为Si或B。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述化合物A于所述非水电解液中的质量百分比为0.1~5%,具体但不限于为0.1%、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述化合物A选自下述化合物1至化合物5中的至少一种,优选为化合物1和化合物2,其结构对称,稳定性更优,电池性能更稳定。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述锂盐的浓度为0.5~1.5M。所述锂盐选自六氟磷酸锂(LiPF
6)、高氯酸锂(LiClO
4)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF
4)、三氟甲基磺酸锂(LiCF
3SO
3)、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂(LiN(CF
3SO
2)
2)、双草酸硼酸锂(C
4BLiO
8)、二氟磷酸锂(LiPO
2F
2)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(C
2BF
2LiO
4)、二氟二草酸磷酸锂(LiDFBP)和双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)中的至少一种。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述有机溶剂为链状碳酸酯、环状碳酸酯和羧酸酯中的至少一种。更优选的,所述非水有机溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)、乙酸丁酯(n-Ba)、γ-丁内酯(γ-Bt)、丙酸丙酯(n-Pp)、丙酸乙酯(EP)和丁酸乙酯(Eb)中的至少一种。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述添加剂还包括碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、乙烯基碳酸乙烯酯(VEC)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)、亚硫酸乙烯酯(ES)、1,3-丙磺酸内酯(PS)和硫酸乙烯酯(DTD)中的至少一种,且其含量于占所述非水电解液中的质量百分比为0.1~6%,具体可不限于为0.1%、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%、4.5%、5%、5.5%、6%。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种锂离子电池,包括正极材料、负极材料和电解液,所述电解液为前述的非水电解液,所述正极材料为镍钴锰氧化物,且最高充电电压为4.4V。本申请的锂离子电池因含有化合物A,具有较佳的高温循环、低温放电性能和存储性能,且因消耗的电子较少,其首次效率也较高。
作为一较佳技术方案,所述镍钴锰氧化物的化学式为LiNi
xCo
yMn
(1-x-y)M
zO
2,其中,0.6≤x<0.9,x+y<1,0≤z<0.08,M为Al、Mg、Zr和Ti中的至少一种。所述负极材料选自人造石墨、天然石墨、钛酸锂、硅碳复合材料和氧化亚硅中的至少一种,优选采用硅碳复合材料。
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明本申请的目的、技术方案及有益效果,但不构成对本申请的任何限制。实施例中未注明具体条件者,可按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过市售而获得的常规产品。
实施例1
锂离子电池非水电解液的制备:在充满氮气的手套箱(O
2<2ppm,H
2O<3ppm)中,将碳酸二甲酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)的混和物作为有机溶剂,按照质量比1:1:1混合均匀,制得非水有机溶剂,再加入添加剂。将溶液密封打包放置急冻间(-4℃)冷冻2h之后取出,在充满氮气的手套箱(O
2<2ppm,H
2O<3ppm)中,向混合溶液中缓慢加入锂盐,混合均匀后即制成锂离子电池非水电解液。
实施例2~13和对比例1~7的电解液配方如表1所示,配制电解液的步骤同实施例1。
表1各实施例的电解液组分
以最高充电电压为4.4V掺杂Zr的NCM622(LiNi
0.6Co
0.2Mn
0.2O
2)为正极材料,硅碳负极材料(10wt.%Si)为负极材料,以实施例1~13和对比例1~7的电解液参照下述锂电池制备方法制成锂离子电池,并分别进行首次效率、低温放电性能、高温循环性能和高温存储性能测试,其测试结果如表2所示。
锂电池制备方法:
1.正极片的制备
将掺杂Zr的NCM622(LiNi
0.6Co
0.2Mn
0.2O
2)
2、导电剂SuperP、粘接剂PVDF和碳纳米管(CNT)按质量比97:1:1:1混合均匀制成一定粘度的锂离子电池正极 浆料,涂布在集流体用铝箔上,其涂布量为324g/m
2,在85℃下烘干后进行冷压;然后进行切边、裁片、分条,分条后在真空条件下85℃烘干4h,焊接极耳,制成满足要求的锂离子电池正极片。
2.负极片的制备
将硅碳负极材料(10wt.%Si)、增稠剂CMC、粘接剂SBR(丁苯橡胶乳液)按质量比95:1.4:1.4:2.2的比例制成浆料,涂布在集流体铜箔上并在85℃下烘干,涂布量为168g/m
2;进行切边、裁片、分条,分条后在真空条件下110℃烘干4h,焊接极耳,制成满足要求的锂离子电池负极片。
3.锂离子电池的制备
将根据上述工艺制备的正极片、负极片和隔膜经叠片工艺制作成厚度为4.7mm,宽度为55mm,长度为60mm的锂离子电池,在75℃下真空烘烤10h,注入实施例16和对比例1~5的非水电解液。
首次效率测试:在常温(25℃)条件下,对注液静置24h后锂离子电池进行三步恒流充电:1)恒流0.05C充电1h,记录恒流充电容量C
1;2)恒流0.1C充电1h,记录恒流充电容量C
2;3)恒流0.2C充电4h,限压3.95V,记录恒流充电容量C
3,然后对电池进行二次封口,在常温(25℃)条件下,对二次封口后的电池进行0.5C/0.5C充电和放电,上下限电压分别为4.4V和3.0V(充电容量记录为C
4,放电容量记为C
0)。然后以0.5C放电至3.0V,重复2次充放电,最后再以0.5C将电池充电至3.8V,利用下面公式计算锂离子电池的首次充放电效率。
首次充放电效率=(C
1+C
2+C
3+C
4)/C
0*100%
低温放电性能测试:在常温(25℃)条件下,对锂离子电池进行一次0.5C/0.5C充电和放电(放电容量记为C
0),上限电压为4.4V,然后在0.5C恒流恒压条件下将电池充电至4.4V,将锂离子电池置于-20℃低温箱中搁置4h,在-20℃下进行0.5C放电(放电容量记为C
1),利用下面公式计算锂离子电池的低温放电率。
低温放电率=C
1/C
0*100%
高温循环测试:在过高温(45℃)条件下,对锂离子电池进行一次1.0C/1.0C 充电和放电(放电容量记为C
0),上限电压为4.4V。然后在常温条件下进行1.0C/1.0C充电和放电500周(放电容量记为C
1)。
容量保持率=(C
1/C
0)*100%。
高温存储测试:在常温(25℃)条件下,对锂离子电池进行一次0.3C/0.3C充电和放电(放电容量记为C
0),上限电压为4.4V,将电池放置于60℃烘箱中搁置15d,取出电池,将电池放置于25℃环境中,进行0.3C放电,放电容量记录为C
1,然后对锂离子电池进行一次0.3C/0.3C充电和放电(放电容量记为C
2)。
容量保持率=(C
1/C
0)*100%
容量恢复率=(C
2/C
0)*100%
表2各实施例的测试数据
从表2的结果可知,相对于对比例1~7,实施例1~13的首次效率较高,低温放电性能、高温循环性能和高温存储性能皆能处于较佳的水平。这是由于化合物A中含有环状双烯结构,其可于电极表面形成聚合物界面膜,该聚合物消耗的电子较少,韧性和稳定性较强,可抑制硅负极材料在嵌锂过程中,界面的破裂,从而减少界面活性锂的消耗,故电池的首次效率较高。同时,聚合物界面膜稳定性高,故不致在存储过程中产生界面膜的分解,其存储性能较佳。再者,环内结构中具有Si或B,可进一步改善聚合物界面膜组分,使得聚合物界面膜具有良好的传导锂离子的能力,故高温循环和低温放电性能较佳。
而且,对比实施例1和实施例10~13可知,于化合物A的基础上再增加一些助剂,其高温循环性能和高温存储性能更佳。
对比实施例1~5、实施例10和对比例4~7可知,对比例4~7中虽然也含有含氮六元杂环化合物,但是此类物质在电极表面容易消耗电子,形成聚合物,且该聚合物不稳定,其高温存储性能差,且容易持续消耗电子,导致电池自放电的产生,故低温放电性能和高温性能较差。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非对本申请保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本申请作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本申请的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本申请技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
- 如权利要求1所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述R 1~R 4各自独立地选自氢、卤素、取代或未取代的C1~C3的烷基,X、Y各自独立地选自Si、B或C,且X和Y中至少一个为Si或B。
- 如权利要求1所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述化合物A于所述非水电解液中的质量百分比为0.1~5%。
- 如权利要求1所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述锂盐选自六氟磷酸锂、高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、三氟甲基磺酸锂、双三氟甲基磺酰亚胺锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟磷酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、二氟二草酸磷酸锂和双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为链状碳酸酯、环状碳酸酯和羧酸酯中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求6所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述非水有机溶剂选自碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸甲乙酯、碳酸丙烯酯、乙酸丁酯、γ-丁内酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯中的至少一种。
- 如权利要求1所述的非水电解液,其特征在于,所述添加剂还包括碳酸亚乙烯酯、乙烯基碳酸乙烯酯、氟代碳酸乙烯酯、亚硫酸乙烯酯、1,3-丙磺酸内酯和硫酸乙烯酯中的至少一种。
- 一种锂离子电池,包括正极材料、负极材料和电解液,其特征在于,所述电解液为权利要求1~8任一项所述的非水电解液,所述正极材料为镍钴锰氧化物,且最高充电电压为4.4V。
- 如权利要求9所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述镍钴锰氧化物的化学式为LiNi xCo yMn (1-x-y)M zO 2,其中,0.6≤x<0.9,x+y<1,0≤z<0.08,M为Al、Mg、Zr和Ti中的至少一种。
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