WO2023038063A1 - 潜熱蓄熱粒子、熱交換材料、および潜熱蓄熱粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents

潜熱蓄熱粒子、熱交換材料、および潜熱蓄熱粒子の製造方法 Download PDF

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WO2023038063A1
WO2023038063A1 PCT/JP2022/033596 JP2022033596W WO2023038063A1 WO 2023038063 A1 WO2023038063 A1 WO 2023038063A1 JP 2022033596 W JP2022033596 W JP 2022033596W WO 2023038063 A1 WO2023038063 A1 WO 2023038063A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
heat storage
core
latent heat
particle
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PCT/JP2022/033596
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
貴宏 能村
良介 石田
貴大 川口
浩紀 坂井
メルバート ジェーム
友斗 清水
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Hokkaido University NUC
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Hokkaido University NUC
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Priority to KR1020247010626A priority Critical patent/KR102855877B1/ko
Priority to JP2023546970A priority patent/JP7669068B2/ja
Priority to CN202280059859.2A priority patent/CN117916339A/zh
Priority to EP22867385.1A priority patent/EP4400556A4/en
Priority to US18/688,395 priority patent/US20250179340A1/en
Publication of WO2023038063A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023038063A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/05—Light metals
    • B22F2301/052—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/30—Low melting point metals, i.e. Zn, Pb, Sn, Cd, In, Ga
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/25—Oxide
    • B22F2302/253—Aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to latent heat storage particles, heat exchange materials, and methods of manufacturing latent heat storage particles.
  • Known methods for storing heat include sensible heat storage that uses temperature changes and latent heat storage that uses phase changes of substances.
  • the sensible heat storage technology is capable of storing heat at high temperatures, but has the problem of low heat storage density because it uses only sensible heat due to temperature changes in substances.
  • the latent heat storage technology uses the solid-liquid phase change latent heat of a phase change material (PCM)
  • PCM phase change material
  • it is attracting attention in the fields of solar heat utilization and waste heat utilization because it is possible to recover, transport, and supply waste heat derived from reaction heat at a constant phase change temperature. Since the PCM melts and becomes liquid during heat storage, it is necessary to encapsulate the PCM in order to prevent leakage of the liquid PCM.
  • Various methods have been proposed so far as PCM encapsulation methods.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a latent heat storage capsule in which the surface of a latent heat storage material is coated with one, two or three layers of metal coating, and a latent heat storage capsule in which a latent heat storage material is coated with a metal coating by electrolytic plating.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a heat storage microcapsule having a core covered with a shell, wherein the core comprises at least one water-soluble latent heat storage material selected from salt hydrates and sugar alcohols and a water-soluble monofunctional monofunctional
  • a heat storage microcapsule comprising a polymer obtained from a water-soluble monomer mixture of a monomer and a water-soluble polyfunctional monomer, wherein the shell is formed of a hydrophobic resin, and its production A method is proposed.
  • the technology is a PCM microencapsulation technology with a relatively low melting point.
  • Patent Document 3 proposes a heat storage body that includes an internal heat storage body made of a substance having heat storage properties and an outer shell that encloses the internal heat storage body and is made of ceramics with a relative density of 75% or more.
  • the internal heat storage body is made of a metal containing at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Sn, Zn, and Cu, or at least one selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Ca, and Mg.
  • Patent Document 3 is a technique of encapsulating PCM having a high melting point.
  • the heat storage body described in Patent Document 3 has an outer shell made of ceramics and is considered to be excellent in heat resistance and corrosion resistance, but it is considered to be difficult to mold and process.
  • Patent Document 4 a latent heat storage microparticle in which the surface of a core particle made of a metal or alloy latent heat storage material is coated with an oxide film of the constituent elements of the core particle.
  • a capsule, a method for manufacturing a latent heat store, a heat exchange material, and a catalytic latent heat store are proposed.
  • Patent Document 5 a latent heat storage body comprising a core portion and a coating layer and having a BET specific surface area of 10 m 2 /g or more, a method for manufacturing the latent heat storage body, and a heat exchange material is proposing.
  • JP-A-11-23172 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-140600 JP 2012-111825 A JP 2019-173017 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-203128
  • Aspect 1 of the present invention is Having a core particle and a covering portion covering at least a part of the surface of the core particle
  • the components of the core particles are elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, and Cd, or these An alloy or compound as a main component, having a melting point of 100° C. or higher
  • the component of the coating portion is selected from the group consisting of an element, an alloy containing the element, an inorganic compound, and a mixture thereof, which do not cause a chemical reaction with the core particle in the operating temperature range and are different from the component of the core particle.
  • At least a part of the coating portion is a latent heat storage particle having a particle shape.
  • Aspect 2 of the present invention is The latent heat storage particles according to aspect 1, wherein the core particles have an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • Aspect 3 of the present invention is 3.
  • Aspect 4 of the present invention is Any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the component of the core particle is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Al—Si alloy, Al—Cu—Si alloy, Sn, Sn alloy, and Zn—Al alloy.
  • Aspect 5 of the present invention is Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the inorganic compound in the component of the coating portion is one or more selected from the group consisting of ceramics, glass, and an ⁇ -alumina precursor that becomes ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 upon firing. are latent heat storage particles.
  • Aspect 6 of the present invention is The latent heat storage according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the component of the coating is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , AlOOH, Al(OH) 3 and glass. particles.
  • Aspect 7 of the present invention is The latent heat according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the coating portion contains one or more selected from the group consisting of elements constituting the core particles, alloys and inorganic compounds containing the elements, and mixtures thereof. They are heat storage particles.
  • Aspect 8 of the present invention is A heat exchange material formed of the latent heat storage particles according to any one of aspects 1 to 7.
  • Aspect 9 of the present invention is Elements whose components are selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, and Cd, or alloys containing these as main components or a core material particle that is a compound and has a melting point of 100° C. or higher;
  • the component consists of an element, an alloy containing the element, an inorganic compound, and a mixture thereof, which does not cause a chemical reaction with the core particle in the operating temperature range and is different from the core particle component (particularly the main component).
  • a method for producing latent heat storage particles comprising: causing the core raw material particles and the child particles to collide with each other by an impact method in a high-speed air current, and performing hybridization to fix the child particles to the surface of the core raw material particles.
  • Aspect 10 of the present invention comprises: The average particle size of the core raw material particles is 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, The average particle diameter of the child particles is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, The method for producing latent heat storage particles according to aspect 9, wherein the ratio of (average particle size of child particles/average particle size of core raw material particles) is 0.001 or more and 0.2 or less.
  • Aspect 11 of the present invention comprises: The method for producing latent heat storage particles according to aspect 9 or 10, wherein the hybridization is performed at a peripheral speed of 40 m/s or more and 100 m/s or less.
  • Aspect 12 of the present invention comprises: 12. The method for producing latent heat storage particles according to any one of modes 9 to 11, wherein heat treatment is performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the components of the core raw material particles after the hybridization.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide latent heat storage particles that suppress leakage of PCM and have a stable structure even after a heat storage cycle, and a heat exchange material formed of the latent heat storage particles. Furthermore, it is possible to provide a method for producing the latent heat storage particles, which can easily produce the latent heat storage particles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an impact device in high-speed airflow.
  • FIG. 2 is an SEM micrograph of a sample after hybridization in the example.
  • FIG. 3 is an SEM micrograph of a sample after repeated testing in the example.
  • FIG. 4 shows XRD measurement results in Examples.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry in the example.
  • FIG. 6 is an SEM micrograph of a sample after thermal durability test in the example.
  • FIG. 7 shows XRD measurement results in Examples.
  • FIG. 8 is an SEM micrograph of a sample in the example.
  • FIG. 9 is an STEM-EDS photograph of a sample in Example.
  • FIG. 10 is a photograph of particles forming the coating portion of the sample in the example.
  • FIG. 10 is a photograph of particles forming the coating portion of the sample in the example.
  • FIG. 11 is a photograph of particles forming the coating portion of the sample in Example.
  • FIG. 12 is a photograph of particles forming the coating portion of the sample in Example.
  • FIG. 13 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in Examples.
  • FIG. 14 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in Examples.
  • FIG. 15 is an SEM micrograph of raw material particles used in Examples.
  • FIG. 16 is an SEM photomicrograph of the sample after hybridization in the example.
  • FIG. 17 is SEM photomicrographs of the sample before and after the repeated test in the example.
  • FIG. 18 is an SEM micrograph of the sample after hybridization in the example.
  • FIG. 19 is an SEM micrograph of the sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 20 is an SEM micrograph of the sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 21 is an SEM micrograph of a sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 22 is an SEM micrograph of the sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 23 shows the XRD measurement results of the sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 24 is the XRD measurement result of the sample after heat treatment in the example.
  • FIG. 25 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of the sample after heat treatment in Example.
  • FIG. 26 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of the sample after heat treatment in Example.
  • FIG. 27 is SEM micrographs of samples before and after repeated testing in Examples.
  • FIG. 28 is an SEM micrograph of a sample in Example.
  • FIG. 29 is an SEM micrograph of a sample in the example.
  • FIG. 30 is an SEM micrograph of a sample in the example.
  • FIG. 31 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in the example.
  • FIG. 32 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in the example.
  • FIG. 33 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in the example.
  • FIG. 34 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in Examples.
  • FIG. 35 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in the example.
  • FIG. 36 shows SEM micrographs of samples before and after repeated testing in Examples.
  • FIG. 37 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of the sample in Example.
  • FIG. 38 is an SEM micrograph of a sample in Example.
  • FIG. 39 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of the sample in Example.
  • FIG. 40 shows the results of differential scanning calorimetry of samples in the example.
  • the latent heat storage particles can be obtained easily.
  • the latent heat storage particles, the heat exchange material formed of the latent heat storage particles, and the method for manufacturing the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment will be described.
  • the core particles are elements whose components are selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, and Cd, or these is an alloy or compound containing as a main component, and has a melting point of 100° C. or higher.
  • the above-mentioned "main component” means that the proportion of the whole core particles is 50% by mass or more.
  • the components constituting the core particles must not melt during the formation of the coating during the production of the latent heat storage particles, and must have a melting point of 100° C. or higher.
  • the core particle is a phase change material (PCM) that can utilize solid-liquid phase change latent heat, and preferably has a heat of fusion of, for example, 150 J/g or more, and can secure a high amount of latent heat.
  • PCM phase change material
  • latent heat storage particles As components constituting the core particles, as described above, Sn (melting point 232° C.), which has a lower melting point than Al, In (melting point 157° C.), Bi (melting point 272° C.), Pb (melting point 328° C.), Cd (melting point 321° C.), °C). Cu (melting point 1085° C.), which has a higher melting point than Al, can also be used.
  • latent heat storage particles having these components as core particles it is possible to realize latent heat storage particles with a heat storage temperature different from that of latent heat storage particles in which the core particles are Al or an Al alloy conventionally used. In consideration of the environment, metals selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Sn, Zn, Bi, In, and Cu, or alloys containing these as main components are preferred.
  • Sn and Sn alloys containing Sn as a main component are preferred as the core particles.
  • Sn in the core particles, it is possible to easily realize a PCM having a heat storage temperature (melting point) in a lower temperature range than latent heat storage particles having Al as core particles.
  • the Sn alloys include Sn--Zn alloys.
  • the Zn content of the Sn--Zn alloy can be greater than 0 wt% and less than 50 wt%, or even 20 wt% or less, or even 10 wt% or less. More preferably, the core particles are made of Sn.
  • the Si content is not particularly limited as long as it is more than 0% by mass and less than 100% by mass.
  • the Si content can be in the range of 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less. Within this range, the Si content may be 10% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
  • Another preferred component of the core particles is an Al alloy containing Cu and Si (Al-Cu-Si alloy).
  • Al-Cu-Si alloy Al alloy containing Cu and Si
  • the contents of Cu and Si contained in the Al--Cu--Si alloy are not particularly limited as long as each of Cu and Si exceeds 0% by mass and the total of Cu and Si is 90% by mass or less.
  • Another preferred component of the core particles is an alloy of Zn and Al (Zn-Al alloy).
  • the Al content is not particularly limited as long as it is more than 0% by mass and less than 100% by mass. Al content may be 50 mass % or less.
  • the core particles may be metal Al with an Al concentration of 100% without containing alloy components.
  • the average particle size of the core particles is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • the core particles (PCM) are the above components, and micro-order latent heat storage particles can be realized.
  • the average particle size may be, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, or even 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the "average particle size" of the core particles and the core raw material particles and child particles described later are values measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (eg, HORIBA LA-920). be. More specifically, the volume distribution of the particles is measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter, and the cumulative 50 volume % diameter value (D50) is regarded as the average particle size.
  • the average particle size of the core particles constituting the latent heat storage particles may be substantially the same as the average particle size of the core material particles used for producing the latent heat storage particles, or may be smaller than the average particle size of the core material particles.
  • the latent heat storage particles only need to have a core-shell structure, and during the manufacturing stage or use of the latent heat storage particles, part of the surface of the core raw material particles reacts with, for example, child particles, outside air, etc. For example, even if part of the surface of the core raw material particles made of metal changes to an oxide and a part of the metal constituting the core raw material particles is consumed, if the core-shell structure is maintained, latent heat storage It can exhibit the action as a particle.
  • the component of the coating portion is selected from the group consisting of an element, an alloy containing the element, an inorganic compound, and a mixture thereof, which do not chemically react with the core particle in the temperature range of the operating temperature and are different from the component of the core particle. Consists of one or more selected.
  • the operating temperature is in the range of 100°C or higher and 1500°C or lower.
  • the elements include elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, and Cd.
  • the inorganic compounds also include mixtures of two or more different inorganic compounds.
  • the inorganic compound is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of ceramics, glass, and ⁇ -alumina precursors that become ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 upon firing.
  • the ceramics include alumina such as ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 (silica).
  • the ⁇ -alumina precursor is, for example, a compound that becomes ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 by firing at a temperature of 880° C. or higher. or Al-containing hydroxides, also AlOOH, and/or Al(OH) 3 .
  • the component of the coating is more preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 , AlOOH, Al(OH) 3 and glass.
  • the metal contained in the core particle and the metal element contained in the ceramic constituting the coating may be the same or different. good.
  • the core particle is an Al alloy and the coating portion is an Al oxide
  • the component of the coating portion is an oxide, which is different from the alloy that is the component of the core particle, but is the metal contained in the core particle.
  • a certain Al is the same as the metal element (Al) contained in the oxide as the ceramics forming the coating.
  • the coating portion of the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment may have a thickness ranging from 200 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the covering part can be, for example, a covering layer having a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
  • the covering portion of the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment only needs to cover at least part of the surface of the core particles. It is preferable that the coating ratio of the coating portion on the surface of the core particle is 50 area % or more. The coverage is more preferably 70 area % or more, still more preferably 80 area % or more, still more preferably 90 area % or more, and most preferably 100 area %.
  • the core particles may be covered with the components of the coating without gaps to form a dense shell. It is permissible that the core particles are not covered without any gaps and that the exposed portions of the core particles are scattered, and that there are, for example, nano-level gaps caused by the deposition of the child particles.
  • the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment differ from conventional latent heat storage particles in that at least a portion of the covering portion is in the form of particles.
  • the particle shape of at least part of the coating portion can be derived from the child particles used when producing the latent heat storage particles.
  • the particle shape of at least a part of the covering portion can be confirmed regardless of the presence or absence of the heat treatment described later, and can be confirmed at least in the outermost layer region of the covering portion even when the heat treatment described later is performed.
  • the particle shape of at least part of the coating portion may be an aggregate of particles, or may be an aggregate of child particles used in manufacturing the heat storage particles. Therefore, "at least a part of the coating portion of the latent heat storage particles has a particle shape" means that at least 10 particles (some of which are other particles) when observed with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 10,000 ) is confirmed.
  • the particle shape of at least part of the coating part may have an average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. This average particle size refers to the average circle equivalent diameter of at least 10 particles observed with the electron microscope.
  • the region other than the at least part of the particle-shaped region in the coating portion can be, for example, a porous or dense solid layer formed by melting and aggregating child particles.
  • the coating portion may contain one or more elements (core particle-derived components) selected from the group consisting of elements constituting the core particles, alloys and inorganic compounds containing the elements, and mixtures thereof.
  • Elements constituting the core particles are, as described above, elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Si, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, Ga, In, Bi, Pb, and Cd. is mentioned.
  • the inorganic compound include ceramics containing the element and glass containing the element.
  • the core particle-derived component contained in the coating portion may contain an element that constitutes the core particle, and the form of the core particle-derived component may be the same as or different from that of the core particle. . Examples of the case where the forms of the two are different include that the core particle component is a metal and the core particle-derived component is an oxide of the metal.
  • the core particle-derived component is partially covered with the component forming the coating portion, and the other portion of the core particle-derived component is exposed to the outside air. (for example, existing so as to be in contact with a part of the surface of the covering portion).
  • Heat exchange material formed of latent heat storage particles The present disclosure includes heat exchange materials formed from latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiments.
  • the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment may constitute at least a part of the heat exchange material.
  • Examples of heat exchange materials include, but are not limited to, heat storage bricks, heat storage ceramic balls, porous ceramic filters, and the like.
  • the method for producing latent heat storage particles includes preparing core raw material particles of a predetermined component and child particles of a predetermined component, and impacting the core raw material particles and the child particles in a high-speed air current. and hybridizing the child particles to adhere to the surface of the core raw material particles.
  • microencapsulation can be realized even when the core raw material particles are made of a metal/alloy PCM that does not contain Al, unlike the conventional production method of latent heat storage particles.
  • latent heat storage particles can be produced using PCM with various heat storage temperatures as core particles.
  • the surfaces of the core raw material particles can be easily coated with a material other than alumina, and latent heat storage particles in which the coating portion is formed of a material other than alumina can be easily realized. Each step will be described below.
  • raw material particles core raw material particles and child particles for forming the covering portion are prepared.
  • the core raw material particles particles having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less can be prepared corresponding to the core particles of the desired latent heat storage particles. Even if the core raw material particles contain fine particles with a particle diameter of less than 10 ⁇ m, relatively large particles of, for example, about 30 ⁇ m can be obtained by colliding the fine particles with each other during hybridization. .
  • the average particle size may be, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, or even 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the average particle diameter of the child particles is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, and the ratio of (average particle diameter of child particles/average particle diameter of core raw material particles) is 0.001 or more and 0.2 or less. Preferably.
  • the average particle size of the child particles may be 1.0 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 0.4 ⁇ m or less.
  • the components of the core raw material particles are the same as the components of the core particles of the latent heat storage particles, and are as described for the core particles of the latent heat storage particles.
  • the components of the child particles are the same as the components (especially the main component) of the coating portion of the latent heat storage particles, and are the same as the components of the coating portion of the latent heat storage particles.
  • the coating of the latent heat storage particles can be an oxide of the child particle component, and the coating component of the latent heat storage particle can include the oxide of the core raw material particle, as described above.
  • the ratio of the child particles to the total of the core raw material particles and the child particles may be in the range of 10% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less.
  • Additives such as binders and antioxidants may be included as a third component other than the core raw material particles and child particles.
  • the allowable amount of the third component may be 40% by volume or less when the amount of the child particles is 100% by volume.
  • core raw material particles and child particles for forming the coating portion are used, and the child particles are mechanically struck on the surface of the core raw material particles by a high-speed airflow impact method, which is a dry mechanical method, Latent heat storage particles are obtained in which child particles are fixed to the surfaces of core raw material particles.
  • the above-mentioned "fixation” includes physical adhesion due to a change in the shape of the child particles, as well as adhesion due to a chemical reaction between the core raw material particles and the child particles.
  • the degree of fixation is not limited as long as at least part of the surface of the core particles is covered. The higher the coverage ratio of the covering portion on the surface of the core particle, the better. is 90 area % or more, most preferably 100 area %.
  • FIG. 1 schematically showing a high-velocity air impact device, but the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high-velocity air impact device 100 for performing hybridization by a high-velocity air impact method.
  • the high-speed airflow impact device 100 includes a raw material particle inlet 1 , a rotor 2 rotating at high speed, blades 3 , a stator 4 , a circulation circuit 5 , a discharge valve 6 and a discharge port 7 .
  • core raw material particles 8 that are powder and child particles 9 that are fine powder are first supplied to the impact chamber from the sample inlet 1, and the core raw material in the impact chamber is impacted by the rotation of the rotor 2. Particles 8 and child particles 9 are scattered while rotating at high speed in the impact chamber, and child particles 9 collide with the surfaces of core raw material particles 8 during that time. Some of the raw material particles enter the tube from one connection port of the circulation circuit 5 connected to the collision chamber, circulate, and then are introduced into the collision chamber again from the other connection port. By means of this circulation circuit 5, the collision treatment between the core material particles 8 and the child particles 9 can be repeatedly performed.
  • the child particles 9 are fixed to the surfaces of the core raw material particles 8, and the latent heat storage particles 10 formed by the deformation of the child particles 9 are obtained. be done. While the core raw material particles 8 collide with the child particles 9, the introduction path to the discharge port 7 is closed by the discharge valve 6. It is discharged from the discharge port 7 to the outside of the apparatus through the introduction path to the discharge port 7 opened by .
  • a passage for cooling water may be provided so that the collision chamber does not become hot, and collision processing may be performed while the cooling water is flowed to cool the collision chamber.
  • the latent heat storage particles that are a combination of core raw material particles and child particles that could not be obtained conventionally.
  • the latent heat storage particles can be obtained in a dry process without using an organic solvent or the like, and can be obtained in a short period of time. Therefore, the latent heat storage particles can be produced efficiently and stably.
  • the peripheral speed of the rotor 2 in the above device is, for example, in the range of 40 m/s or more and 100 m/s or less.
  • the treatment time may be, for example, in the range of 1 to 120 minutes, depending on the amount of treatment.
  • the treatment temperature can range, for example, from room temperature to 70°C, or from room temperature to 50°C.
  • the pressure and atmosphere of the collision chamber are not particularly limited.
  • the atmosphere of the collision chamber can be, for example, an inert gas atmosphere such as an Ar atmosphere.
  • the latent heat storage particles obtained by the above hybridization may have a porous covering portion formed by agglomeration of child particles, and at least a part of the covering portion, for example, the outermost layer of the covering portion, has a particle shape.
  • those obtained by the above hybridization can be used, for example, to form a heat exchange material.
  • the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment do not necessarily require heat treatment (calcination).
  • heat treatment may be performed for the purpose of reducing the voids contained in the porous covering portion and forming a denser film as the covering portion.
  • heat treatment the following conditions may be used.
  • the temperature and atmosphere can be set according to the components of the core raw material particles and the desired covering portion.
  • the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the latent heat storage material, such as heating to 700° C. or higher depending on the melting point of the components of the core raw material particles.
  • the covering portion formed by the hybridization is oxidized, and a stronger aluminum oxide film, for example, can be formed.
  • the aluminum oxide film formed by the heat treatment is in the crystalline form of ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 at a relatively low temperature of approximately 800° C.
  • the heat treatment temperature is preferably 880° C. or higher.
  • the temperature is preferably 880° C. or higher and 1230° C. or lower.
  • the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature of 900° C. or higher and 1230° C. or lower.
  • the core raw material particles are Sn, for example, they burn at about 600°C in an oxidizing atmosphere, so the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature lower than 600°C.
  • the heat treatment atmosphere is not particularly limited.
  • an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere by supplying oxygen gas to a heat treatment furnace can be used.
  • the temperature in the furnace is raised by a heater, and when the temperature of the sample reaches a predetermined temperature, heat treatment (oxidation treatment) is performed for, for example, 3 to 5 hours to obtain latent heat storage particles after the heat treatment.
  • the method of heat treatment is, for example, specifically, the latent heat storage particles obtained by the hybridization are filled in a crucible, the crucible is placed on top of a thermocouple provided at the tip of the insertion rod, and the heater is turned on. It may be performed by setting it in the provided heat treatment furnace.
  • Example 1 In Example 1, core raw material particles having an average particle size shown in Table 1 and having a component of Sn and child particles having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m having a component of ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 were used as the core raw material. Preparations were made so that the ratio (volume ratio) of the child particles to the total of the particles and the child particles was as shown in Table 1. Then, using a high-speed airflow impact device manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd., under the conditions shown in Table 1, the core raw material particles and the child particles are subjected to collision by a high-speed airflow impact method, and the sample (latent heat storage particles) were obtained. Neither Example 1-1 nor Example 1-2 was subjected to heat treatment after hybridization.
  • Example 1-1 (Repeated test (repeated durability test)) Using the sample of Example 1-1, a test was conducted in which melting and coagulation was repeated 10 times or 100 times. Specifically, in an air atmosphere, the temperature is maintained at 400° C. for 1 hour and then returned to room temperature. held for a minute. Then, as the second time, the temperature is again raised to 400° C. and held for 10 minutes, and then the temperature is lowered to 40° C. and held for 10 minutes (both the temperature raising rate and the temperature lowering rate are 30° C./min). Or repeated 100 times in total. SEM observation and XRD measurement of the sample before and after the 100-times repeated test and DSC measurement before and after the 10-times repeated test were performed as follows.
  • XRD measurement XRD measurement was performed under the following conditions using the sample of Example 1-1 before and after the 100-times melting and solidification repeated test. The results are shown in FIG. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that the crystal structure is almost the same before and after the 100-times melting and solidifying test, and the crystal structure before the 100-times melting and solidifying test can be maintained.
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • Example 1-1 retained about 80% of the latent heat amount with respect to the raw material (Raw Sn Powder). Further, the melting peak of the sample after hybridization is the same as the melting peak of the Sn powder raw material, but the solidification peak of the sample after hybridization is slightly shifted from the solidification peak of the Sn powder raw material, indicating a slight supercooling. know it's happening. Thus, it was confirmed that the encapsulation by hybridization was achieved because the heat radiation start temperature was lowered (supercooled). Furthermore, even after 10 repetitions of the melting and coagulation test, the DSC curve was almost the same as the DSC curve after hybridization and there was no change. It can be seen that
  • Example 1-1 (Thermal durability test) Using the sample of Example 1-1, under an Ar atmosphere, the temperature was raised to 300° C. or 400° C., which is higher than the melting point (232° C.) of Sn constituting the core particles, at a rate of 10° C./min. A cooling thermal endurance test was performed. Then, the appearance of the sample after the heat durability test was observed by SEM. Those results are shown in FIG.
  • the upper row is a photograph of the sample heat-treated at 300°C
  • the lower row is a photograph of the sample heat-treated at 400°C.
  • the dark gray on the particle surface indicates detection of Al. From the photograph of FIG. 6, it was confirmed that the capsule structure was maintained without melting or expansion of the shell due to the heat treatment, leakage of Sn, and defects on the surface of the particles. From this, it can be seen that the latent heat storage particles according to the present embodiment have excellent thermal durability.
  • Example 1-1 Using the sample of Example 1-1, the test was repeated 10 times in total or 100 times in total as described above. Then, after hybridization and before the repeated test, after 10 repeated tests, and after 100 repeated tests, XRD measurement was performed under the above conditions. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, A shows the results after hybridization and before the repeated test, B shows the results after 10 repeated tests, and C shows the results after 100 repeated tests.
  • Example 1-1 SEM observation was performed in the same manner as described above.
  • the obtained SEM photograph is shown in FIG.
  • the left side of FIG. 8 is a photograph after hybridization and before repeated testing, and the right side of FIG. 8 is a photograph after 100 repeated tests.
  • the lower photograph is an enlarged photograph of the white square frame of the upper photograph. From the photograph in FIG. 8, it can be seen that the shape of the Al 2 O 3 particles forming the coating remained stable with little change even after 100 repeated tests.
  • mapping analysis was performed using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS).
  • STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
  • EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer
  • a sample obtained in the example was thinned by a focused ion beam device (JEM-9320FIB, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) to obtain a sample for STEM-EDS observation.
  • the acceleration voltage was set to 30 kV, and Ga liquid metal was used as an ion source.
  • STEM-EDS observation a transmission electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product number: JEM-ARM200F) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., product number: JED-2300T) was used. Observation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 200 kV and a beam diameter of 1 nm. As a result of the observation, an STEM-EDS photograph of the boundary region between the core particle and the covering portion is shown in FIG. In FIG. 9, photographs after hybridization and before repeated test, after 10 times repeated test, and after 100 times repeated test are shown in order from the top.
  • FIG. 10 shows a photograph after hybridization and before the repeated test
  • FIG. 11 shows a photograph after 10 repeated tests
  • FIG. 12 shows a photograph after 100 repeated tests.
  • A is a photograph of a plurality of particles forming the covering portion of the latent heat storage particles
  • B is a cross-sectional photograph of one particle forming the covering portion
  • C is an enlarged photograph of i in B
  • D is a photograph of B.
  • the particles that make up the coating portion are formed of a light gray interior and a dark gray layer as shown in B, and the dark gray layer is amorphous as shown in D.
  • a plurality of white masses as shown in i in the photograph of B are observed inside the light gray, and the white masses as shown in this i are Sn as shown in the photograph of C. Met. That is, it was found that the particles constituting the coating portion were Al 2 O 3 particles containing metal Sn inside.
  • A is a photograph of a plurality of particles forming the coating portion of the latent heat storage particles
  • B is a photograph of the appearance of one of the plurality of particles
  • C is an enlarged photograph of iii in B. From these photographs, it can be seen that after 10 repetitions of the test, a large number of SnO, which is shown as gray near white in B, was present on the surface of the particles constituting the coating portion.
  • A is a photograph of a plurality of particles forming the covering portion of the latent heat storage particles
  • B is a cross-sectional photograph of one particle forming the covering portion
  • C to E are iv to vi in the photograph of B, respectively.
  • Example 1-1 the effect of the number of repeated tests on the results of differential scanning calorimetry was investigated.
  • the results of differential scanning calorimetry after 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 repeated tests are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 shows changes in the amount of latent heat during melting and during solidification with respect to the number of repeated tests, and also shows changes in solidification peak temperature.
  • Sn in the ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 was oxidized to form SnO through repeated tests. Furthermore, it is considered that SnO 2 is present due to the progress of oxidation due to an increase in the number of repeated tests. In addition, it is considered that the above phenomenon is also observed in the latent heat storage particles obtained by performing heat treatment after hybridization instead of repeating the test.
  • the latent heat amount is almost constant after the 60th repetition test. This is because, for example, in the places where the Sn-exposed parts of the core particles are scattered, Sn constituting the core particles is consumed as an oxide as the number of repeated tests increases, but as the number of repeated tests increases, the core particles It is thought that the amount of Sn oxide increased in the boundary region between the coating and the coating, and this acted as an anti-oxidation layer to stop the oxidation of Sn, and as a result, the amount of latent heat was stabilized.
  • Example 2 core raw material particles having an average particle size of 150 ⁇ m containing Sn as a component and child particles having an average particle size of 2 ⁇ m containing Al as a component were mixed at a ratio of 40 vol% (volume %). A photograph of the appearance of these raw material particles is shown in FIG. These raw material particles were put into a high-speed air impact device in the same manner as in Example 1, and subjected to a high-speed air impact impact method at a peripheral speed of 80 m/s and a treatment time of 3 minutes to form Sn core raw material particles. , Al child particle bombardment hybridization was performed to obtain the samples. In Example 2, no heat treatment was performed after hybridization.
  • Example 2 (Repeated test (repeated durability test)) Using the sample of Example 2, the melting and solidification repetition test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number of repetitions was set to 50 times. Then, EDS analysis was performed on the appearance and cross section of the sample (latent heat storage particles) before and after the 50-times melting and solidification test. The results are shown in FIG.
  • Example 3 In Example 3, Al-25 mass% Si with an average particle size of 20 to 37 ⁇ m was used as core particles, and various Al compounds shown in Table 2 were used as child particles. Hybridization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 2 below to obtain samples. After hybridization, heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 2.
  • FIG. 19 shows the photograph and EDS analysis results
  • FIG. 20 shows the SEM micrograph of the appearance of the sample after heat treatment (the child particles are ⁇ -AlOOH) and the EDS analysis results
  • FIG. 19 A SEM micrograph of the appearance and the results of EDS analysis are shown in FIG. FIG.
  • FIG. 22 shows SEM micrographs and EDS analysis results of the cross section of each sample after heat treatment at 1000°C.
  • the lower left photograph shows the EDS analysis results
  • the dark gray indicates the detection of Al
  • the dark gray indicates the detection of Al.
  • grays close to white indicate the detection of Sn.
  • the gray near black in the particle cross section indicates the detection of Si
  • the light gray around it indicates the detection of Al
  • the gray portion on the particle surface indicates the detection of Al and O.
  • the coating portion containing Al is uniformly formed on the surface of the core particles with almost no gaps both before and after the heat treatment. Further, from the photographs in the lower part of FIG. 22, it can be seen that aggregates of particles derived from child particles are formed on the surface of the covering portion, and that at least part of the covering portion is in the form of particles.
  • the DSC measurement of the heat-treated latent heat storage particles was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in FIG. 25 for the sample heat-treated at 1000.degree. From this figure, it can be seen that all samples after heat treatment at high temperature maintain a high latent heat amount of 200 J/g or more, and are useful as a high-density heat storage material. Also, the sample heat-treated at 1150° C. is shown in FIG. From this figure, all the samples showed a high latent heat quantity of 150 J/g or more even after heat treatment at a higher temperature.
  • Example 3-1 (SEM observation after repeated test) 100 times in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the latent heat storage particles of Example 3-1 using ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 as child particles are used and the atmosphere is an oxygen atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 21%.
  • a repeat test was performed. The appearance of the latent heat storage particles before and after the repeated test was observed by SEM (JEOL, JSM-7001FA), and EDS analysis was also performed. As a result, photographs before and after the repeated test are shown in FIG. In the EDS analysis results shown in the lower part of FIG. 27, the dark gray on the surface of each particle indicates the detection of Al, and the near-white gray observed on some particles indicates the detection of Sn. From FIG. 27, it was confirmed that even after repeated tests, there was almost no change in the appearance and components, the shape was maintained without leakage of PCM, and high durability was exhibited.
  • Example 4 In Example 4, Zn-10 mass% Al having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more and a sieving size of less than 38 ⁇ m was used as core particles, and AlOOH was used as child particles at various volume ratios shown in Table 3. The total amount of core particles and child particles was 30 g.
  • Hybridization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 3 below. A circumferential speed of 80 m/s in Table 3 corresponds to 13000 rpm.
  • the atmosphere in the collision chamber of the high-velocity air impact device used for hybridization was an Ar atmosphere. After hybridization, heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 3 to obtain samples. The rate of temperature rise and cooling from room temperature to the heat treatment temperatures shown in Table 3 was 50°C/min.
  • DSC measurement before and after repeated test The DSC measurement of the sample before and after the repeated test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the DSC measurement result (after heat treatment) of a sample with a child particle volume ratio of 20 vol% is shown in FIG. 31, and the DSC measurement result of a sample with a child particle volume ratio of 20 vol% (after 300 repeated tests) is shown in FIG.
  • Figure 33 shows the DSC measurement result (after heat treatment) of a sample with a child particle volume ratio of 30 vol%
  • Figure 34 shows the DSC measurement result (after heat treatment) of a sample with a child particle volume ratio of 40 vol%
  • FIG. 35 shows the DSC measurement result (after 300 repeated tests) of the sample with 40 vol %.
  • Example 5 In Example 5, as shown in Table 4, Al-26.5 mass% Cu-5.4 mass% Si having an average particle size of 25 to 38 ⁇ m was used as core particles, and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 was used as child particles. . The total amount of core particles (15.37 g) and child particles (4.63 g) was 20 g. Hybridization was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 4 below. The atmosphere in the collision chamber of the high-velocity air impact device used for hybridization was an Ar atmosphere. After hybridization, heat treatment was performed under the conditions shown in Table 4 to obtain samples. The temperature was raised from room temperature to the heat treatment temperature shown in Table 4 at a rate of 10°C/min.
  • Example 5-1 (Repeated test (repeated durability test)) Using the sample of Example 5-1, a test was conducted in which melting and solidification were repeated 100 times. Specifically, after the sample is prepared, it is cooled from 1000° C. to 300° C. at 50° C./min in an air atmosphere, held at 300° C. for 10 minutes, and then returned to room temperature. After the temperature was raised to 650° C. and held at 650° C. for 2 minutes, the temperature was lowered to 300° C. and held for 2 minutes. Then, as the second time, the temperature is again raised from 300 ° C. to 650 ° C., held at 650 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then lowered to 300 ° C. and held for 2 minutes (both the temperature rise rate and the temperature drop rate are 50 ° C./min. ) was repeated a total of 100 times.
  • the DSC measurement of the sample before and after the repeated test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
  • the results are shown in FIG. FIG. 37 also shows the results of the sample after the heat treatment and not subjected to the repeated test and the result of the sample after the repeated test 100 times.
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H of the latent heat storage particles after the heat treatment was 291 J/g
  • the heat of fusion ⁇ H of the latent heat storage particles after the repeated test was 300 J/g
  • the heat of solidification ⁇ H of the latent heat storage particles after the heat treatment was 286 J/g
  • the heat of solidification ⁇ H of the latent heat storage particles after the repeated test was 281 J/g.
  • the sample encapsulating the Al alloy with a melting point of about 525°C exhibits the same surface properties and characteristics after the repeated test as before the repeated test.
  • Example 6 In Example 6, as shown in Table 5, Sn-9% by mass Zn having an undersize of less than 45 ⁇ m was used as core particles, and ⁇ -Al 2 O 3 was used as child particles. The total amount of core particles (26.46 g) and child particles (3.54 g) was 30 g. Hybridization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 5 below to obtain samples.
  • the atmosphere in the collision chamber of the high-velocity air impact device used for hybridization was an Ar atmosphere. In Example 6, no heat treatment was performed after hybridization.
  • FIG. 39 shows the DSC measurement result of the raw material
  • FIG. 40 shows the DSC measurement result of the sample after hybridization.
  • sample after hybridization has the same characteristics as the raw material (core particle).
  • microencapsulation of metal PCMs containing no Al or based on elements other than Al could be achieved. Furthermore, it has been possible to realize micro-order latent heat storage particles in which the covering portion is made of metal or ceramics other than Al 2 O 3 , which has not been realized so far. Furthermore, microencapsulation of Al alloy PCM could be performed more simply.

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