WO2023033606A1 - 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023033606A1 WO2023033606A1 PCT/KR2022/013228 KR2022013228W WO2023033606A1 WO 2023033606 A1 WO2023033606 A1 WO 2023033606A1 KR 2022013228 W KR2022013228 W KR 2022013228W WO 2023033606 A1 WO2023033606 A1 WO 2023033606A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- positive electrode
- raw material
- lithium
- electrode active
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910018626 Al(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008859 Sn—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001638 boron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present embodiments relate to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- NCM cathode materials with high Ni content are used, but in order to improve the density of electrode plates, research on secondary batteries using bimodal cathode active materials in which large and small grains are mixed in a certain fraction is actively conducted. do.
- the positive electrode material in the form of secondary particles in which primary particles are agglomerated has a high specific surface area of the powder and a large area in contact with the electrolyte, resulting in a high possibility of gas generation and a problem in lifespan degradation due to this.
- a cathode active material is a metal oxide particle including a center portion and a surface portion located on a surface of the center portion, wherein the metal oxide particle includes nickel, cobalt, manganese, and a doping element, and is composed of single particles.
- the metal oxide particle may include a layered structure crystal phase belonging to the R-3m space group on the surface, and the average grain size may be 1550 ⁇ or more.
- An average particle diameter (D50) of the cathode active material may be 3 ⁇ m or more.
- the surface portion may further include a halite structure crystalline phase belonging to the Fm-3m space group to a thickness of 10 nm or less.
- the doping element may include two or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ti, Ce, Mg, B, P, V, Sr, and B.
- the content of the doping element may be in the range of 0.0005 mole to 0.04 mole based on 1 mole of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping element.
- the doping element may include Al and Zr.
- the Al content may be in the range of 0.001 mole to 0.04 mole based on 1 mole of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements.
- the Zr content may be in the range of 0.0016 mole to 0.0064 mole based on 1 mole of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements.
- the amount of nickel in the metal oxide particles may be 0.8 mol or more based on 1 mol of the total amount of nickel, cobalt, and manganese.
- the cathode active material may include a large particle size active material composed of the single particle and secondary particles including primary particles.
- the mixing ratio of the single particle positive active material and the large particle size positive active material may be in the range of 30:70 to 10:90 in terms of weight ratio (single particle:large particle size). .
- the single-particle cathode active material and the large-particle cathode active material may have different compositions.
- a method of manufacturing a cathode active material includes preparing a metal salt aqueous solution containing a nickel raw material, a cobalt raw material, a manganese raw material, and water; supplying the metal salt aqueous solution to a co-precipitation reactor to obtain a metal hydroxide; Obtaining a lithium metal oxide by mixing the metal hydroxide particles, a lithium source material, a doping source material, and a boron compound and then performing primary firing; And it may include mixing the firstly fired lithium metal oxide and the lithium raw material and secondarily firing it.
- the boron compound may be added and mixed in an amount ranging from 0.05 mole to 0.015 mole based on 1 mole of the total of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements in the finally obtained positive electrode active material. there is.
- a molar ratio (Li/Me) of lithium (Li) to all metals (Me) excluding lithium may be in the range of 1.01 to 1.1.
- the primary firing may be performed at 820 °C to 890 °C for 8 to 20 hours.
- the secondary firing may be performed for 3 hours to 10 hours in the range of 600 ° C to 800 ° C.
- the mixing amount of the lithium raw material may be in the range of 0.004 mole to 0.053 mole based on 1 mole of the first fired lithium metal oxide.
- the secondary firing may be performed by adding and mixing at least one of a cobalt raw material, a zirconium raw material, a niobium raw material, an aluminum raw material, a titanium raw material, a manganese raw material, and a nickel raw material.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material according to one embodiment; cathode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the cathode active material reduces the rate of increase in resistance and significantly reduces the amount of gas generated, thereby realizing a lithium secondary battery with excellent electrochemical performance.
- the lifespan of the lithium secondary battery may be increased and thermal stability may be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a cathode active material composed of single particles according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a conventional manufacturing method of a cathode active material composed of single particles.
- 3a is an SEM analysis result obtained by measuring the cathode active material of Example 1 at a magnification of 5,000.
- 3B is an SEM analysis result obtained by measuring the cathode active material of Example 1 at a magnification of 1,000.
- 4A is an SEM analysis result obtained by measuring the cathode active material of Comparative Example 1 at a magnification of 5,000.
- 4B is an SEM analysis result obtained by measuring the cathode active material of Comparative Example 1 at a magnification of 1,000.
- Example 5 is an image measurement result using a high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) equipment for the cathode active material prepared according to Example 2.
- HRTEM transmission electron microscope
- first, second and third are used to describe, but are not limited to, various parts, components, regions, layers and/or sections. These terms are only used to distinguish one part, component, region, layer or section from another part, component, region, layer or section. Accordingly, a first part, component, region, layer or section described below may be referred to as a second part, component, region, layer or section without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- a cathode active material is a metal oxide particle including a center portion and a surface portion located on a surface of the center portion, wherein the metal oxide particle includes nickel, cobalt, manganese, and a doping element, and is composed of single particles.
- the metal oxide particle may include a layered structure crystal phase belonging to the R-3m space group on the surface, and the average grain size may be 1550 ⁇ or more.
- the positive electrode active material composed of secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated has problems such as cracks occurring in the small particles, resulting in increased resistance or increased gas generation, which deteriorates the performance of lithium secondary batteries. do. Therefore, the performance of the lithium secondary battery can be improved by reducing the specific surface area of the cathode active material and increasing the particle strength by increasing the size of the primary particles and preparing them in the form of single particles.
- the electrochemical performance of a lithium secondary battery can be remarkably improved by providing a cathode active material including a layered crystal phase belonging to the R-3m space group on the surface of metal oxide particles composed of single particles.
- the surface portion may include the layered structure crystal phase belonging to the R-3m space group in the surface portion as a whole, or may include the layered structure crystal phase only in a partial area of the surface portion.
- the surface portion may further include a halite structure crystal phase belonging to the Fm-3m space group to a thickness of 10 nm or less.
- the surface part means a region corresponding to a depth of 1 nm to 50 nm from the outermost surface of the metal oxide particle in the metal oxide particle.
- the average grain size of the cathode active material may be 1550 ⁇ or more, more specifically, 1550 ⁇ to 2600 ⁇ , or 2010 ⁇ to 2600 ⁇ . If it has such an average grain size, it can be defined as a single particle.
- the average crystal grain size satisfies the above range, crystallization has progressed well, and residual lithium on the surface of the positive electrode active material can be reduced and lifespan characteristics of the lithium secondary battery can be further improved.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the cathode active material may be 3 ⁇ m or more, more specifically, 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m to 4.6 ⁇ m, or 3.5 ⁇ m to 4.3 ⁇ m.
- D50 The average particle diameter of the cathode active material
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle having the average particle diameter as described above there is no separate expensive disintegration equipment or several disintegration processes, that is, even if a general disintegration apparatus is used, the fine powder and coarse powder are very small and uniform.
- a cathode active material in the form of a single particle having a single particle size distribution may be prepared. Accordingly, when the average particle diameter of the cathode active material of this embodiment satisfies the above range, a lithium secondary battery having excellent electrochemical characteristics may be implemented.
- the metal oxide particles may include nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements.
- the doping element may include two or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ti, Ce, Mg, B, P, V, Sr, and B.
- the content of the doping element may be in the range of 0.0005 to 0.04 mole or 0.001 to 0.03 mole based on 1 mole of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping element.
- the doping element means the doping amount of the doping element included in the finally obtained cathode active material.
- the cathode active material selection of a doping element is important in order to secure lifespan and various electrochemical performances.
- the characteristics of the cathode active material may be improved by applying various doping elements as described above.
- the doping element may include Zr and Al.
- Zr serves as a kind of pillar because Zr ions occupy Li sites, and stabilizes the layered structure by alleviating contraction of the lithium ion path during charging and discharging. This phenomenon may increase cycle life by reducing cation mixing and increasing lithium diffusion coefficient.
- Al ions move to the tetragonal lattice site to suppress deterioration of the layered structure into a spinel structure in which lithium ions do not move smoothly.
- the content of Zr is in the range of 0.001 mol to 0.01 mol, more specifically, 0.0016 mol to 0.0064 mol, 0.0017 mol to 0.0055 mol, or 0.002 mol to 0.005 mol, based on 1 mol of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese and doping elements. may be in the molar range.
- the Zr doping amount satisfies the above range, the high-temperature resistance increase rate may be reduced and excellent lifespan characteristics may be secured.
- the Al content is in the range of 0.001 mol to 0.04 mol, more specifically, 0.004 mol to 0.028 mol, 0.0045 mol to 0.027 mol, or 0.0055 mol to 0.025 mol, based on 1 mol of the total of the nickel, cobalt, manganese and doping elements. may be in the molar range.
- the Al doping amount satisfies the above range, high-temperature lifespan and thermal stability may be further improved.
- the amount of nickel in the metal oxide particles of the present embodiment may be 0.8 mol or more based on 1 mol of the nickel, cobalt, and manganese. More specifically, the nickel content may be in the range of 0.8 to 0.99, 0.85 to 0.99, and 0.88 to 0.99.
- the content of nickel among the metals in the lithium metal oxide is 80% or more, a cathode active material having high output characteristics can be implemented. Since the positive electrode active material of this embodiment having such a composition has a high energy density per volume, the capacity of a battery to which it is applied can be improved, and is also very suitable for use in an electric vehicle.
- the specific surface area (BET) of the metal oxide particles may be 0.20 m 2 /g or less, more specifically, 0.05 m 2 /g to 0.20 m 2 /g, 0.05 m 2 /g to 0.19 m 2 /g.
- BET specific surface area
- the positive electrode active material of this embodiment may include a large particle size active material composed of the single particle and secondary particles including primary particles.
- a large particle size active material composed of the single particle and secondary particles including primary particles.
- the mixing ratio of the single particle and the large particle size active material may be in the range of 30:70 to 10:90 or 25:75 to 15:85 in weight ratio (single particle: large particle size active material).
- the density of the electrode mixture may be increased.
- the single particle positive electrode active material and the large particle size positive electrode active material may have the same composition or may have different compositions.
- Both the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle and the large particle size active material may include nickel, cobalt, manganese, and a doping element.
- both the single-particle cathode active material and the large-size cathode active material may have a nickel content of about 0.8 mol based on 1 mol of nickel, cobalt, and manganese.
- the single-particle cathode active material may have a nickel content of about 0.8 mole based on 1 mole of the nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and the large-size cathode active material may have a nickel content of about 0.9 mole. Content ratios of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements included in the single-particle cathode active material and the large-particle cathode active material may be appropriately adjusted within a range of 0.8 mol or more of nickel.
- a method for producing a cathode active material includes preparing a metal salt aqueous solution containing a nickel raw material, a cobalt raw material, a manganese raw material, and water, supplying the metal salt aqueous solution to a co-precipitation reactor to obtain a metal hydroxide. After mixing the metal hydroxide particles, the lithium source material, the doping source material, and the boron compound, firstly firing to obtain a lithium metal oxide, and mixing the firstly fired lithium metal oxide and the lithium source material to obtain a second step. A firing step may be included.
- the step of preparing a metal salt aqueous solution containing a nickel raw material, a cobalt raw material, a manganese raw material, and water, and then supplying the metal salt aqueous solution to a co-precipitation reactor to obtain a metal hydroxide is a method for preparing a positive electrode active material precursor generally known in the art. can be performed according to
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a cathode active material composed of single particles according to an embodiment.
- an excessive amount of a lithium raw material and a boron compound are added in the process of manufacturing a positive electrode active material, thereby helping to easily cause over-firing.
- the lithium source material forms a precursor and an oxide. At this time, excess lithium reacts with boron to form lithium borate, a type of boron salt.
- the presence of lithium borate in the process of sintering between the primary particles serves to weaken the binding force between the primary particles. Accordingly, separation between primary particles, that is, single particles having an increased size during the disintegration process after firing is easily performed. Therefore, a single-particle active material having a low fine powder and coarse powder ratio, that is, excellent uniformity, can be produced even using general crushing equipment without using expensive disintegration equipment or going through several disintegration processes.
- lithium borate is well soluble in water, it can be naturally removed along with residual lithium in a water washing process to be described later.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a conventional manufacturing method of a cathode active material composed of single particles.
- the positive active material composed of single particles having a small amount of fine and coarse powder can be manufactured.
- the boron compound is present in an amount of 0.003 to 0.03 mol, or 0.007 to 0.007 mol, based on 1 mol of the total of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements in the finally obtained cathode active material. It can be mixed by adding in the range of 0.028 mol.
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to all metals (Me) excluding lithium (Li/Me) may be in the range of 1.01 to 1.1 or 1.03 to 1.08.
- lithium and boron react sufficiently to form lithium borate.
- the primary firing may be performed at 820 °C to 890 °C, or 830 °C to 880 °C for 8 to 20 hours.
- the primary sintering process satisfies the above conditions, single-particle growth occurs.
- Disintegration as described above can be performed using conventional general disintegration equipment.
- the washing with water is to remove residual lithium present on the surface, and may be performed using, for example, distilled water.
- the method may further include mixing the washed lithium metal oxide and the lithium source material and performing secondary firing after the step of disintegrating the firstly calcined lithium metal oxide and washing with water.
- the secondary firing may be performed at 600 °C to 800 °C, or 600 °C to 700 °C for 3 hours to 10 hours.
- initial resistance may be lowered.
- the mixing amount of the lithium source material is 0.1752 to 2.2780 g, or 0.5257 to 2.2780 g based on 100 g of the first fired lithium metal oxide, that is, the first fired lithium metal oxide 1 It may range from 0.004 moles to 0.053 moles or from 0.012 moles to 0.053 moles on a mole basis.
- the mixing amount of the lithium source material satisfies the above range, the performance of the positive electrode active material can be finally improved by compensating for the lack of lithium on the surface.
- life and capacity characteristics can be improved.
- At least one of cobalt raw material, zirconium raw material, niobium raw material, aluminum raw material, titanium raw material, manganese raw material, and nickel raw material is further added. It can be performed by mixing.
- the input amount of at least one of the cobalt raw material, the zirconium raw material, the niobium raw material, the aluminum raw material, the titanium raw material, the manganese raw material, and the nickel raw material is the first fired lithium metal oxide. Based on 1 mole, it may range from 0.001 mole to 0.02 mole, more specifically from 0.005 mole to 0.015 mole. When the input amount of the transition metal raw material satisfies the above range, the lifespan is improved and the discharge capacity is increased.
- the input amount of the cobalt raw material may be in the range of 0.001 mol to 0.02 mol, more specifically, 0.005 mol to 0.015 mol, based on 1 mol of the firstly calcined lithium metal oxide.
- a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material according to one embodiment of the present invention described above, a negative electrode including the negative electrode active material, and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to provide.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a binder and a conductive material.
- the binder serves to well attach the cathode active material particles to each other and also to well attach the cathode active material to the current collector.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change and conducts electrons can be used in the battery.
- the negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative active material layer formed on the current collector, and the negative active material layer includes a negative active material.
- the anode active material includes a material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, lithium metal, an alloy of lithium metal, a material capable of doping and undoping lithium, or a transition metal oxide.
- a material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating the lithium ion is a carbon material, and any carbon-based negative electrode active material commonly used in a lithium ion secondary battery may be used, and a representative example thereof is crystalline carbon , amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof.
- the alloy of lithium metal is from the group consisting of lithium and Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al and Sn. Alloys of selected metals may be used.
- Materials capable of doping and undoping the lithium include Si, SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Si-Y alloy (wherein Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, It is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn—Y (Y is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 element, a group 14 element, a transition metal, and a rare earth element). an element selected from the group consisting of elements and combinations thereof, but not Sn); and the like.
- the transition metal oxide examples include vanadium oxide and lithium vanadium oxide.
- the negative active material layer may also include a binder and optionally further include a conductive material.
- the binder serves to well attach the anode active material particles to each other and also to well attach the anode active material to the current collector.
- the conductive material is used to impart conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change and conducts electrons can be used in the battery.
- the current collector one selected from the group consisting of copper foil, nickel foil, stainless steel foil, titanium foil, nickel foam, copper foam, a conductive metal-coated polymer substrate, and combinations thereof may be used.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are prepared by mixing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder in a solvent to prepare an active material composition, and applying the composition to a current collector. Since such an electrode manufacturing method is widely known in the art, a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
- the solvent N-methylpyrrolidone or the like may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent serves as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the lithium salt is a material that dissolves in an organic solvent and serves as a source of lithium ions in the battery to enable basic operation of the lithium secondary battery and promotes the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a separator may be present between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a separator polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or a multilayer film of two or more layers thereof may be used, and a polyethylene/polypropylene two-layer separator, a polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene three-layer separator, and a polypropylene/polyethylene/polyethylene separator.
- a mixed multilayer film such as a propylene three-layer separator or the like can be used.
- Lithium secondary batteries can be classified into lithium ion batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, and lithium polymer batteries according to the type of separator and electrolyte used, and can be classified into cylindrical, prismatic, coin, pouch, etc. depending on the shape, Depending on the size, it can be divided into a bulk type and a thin film type. Structures and manufacturing methods of these batteries are widely known in the art, so detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- Precursors were prepared by a common co-precipitation method.
- NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O was used as a nickel raw material
- CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O as a cobalt raw material
- MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O as a manganese raw material. These raw materials were dissolved in distilled water to prepare a metal salt aqueous solution.
- N 2 was purged to prevent oxidation of metal ions during the co-precipitation reaction, and the reactor temperature was maintained at 50°C.
- NH 4 (OH) was added as a chelating agent to the co-precipitation reactor, and NaOH was used for pH control.
- the precipitate obtained according to the co-precipitation process was filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried in an oven at 100° C. for 24 hours to prepare a precursor of a positive electrode active material.
- composition of the prepared precursor was (Ni 0.92 Co 0.04 Mn 0.04 )(OH) 2 , and the average particle diameter (D50) was about 4 ⁇ m.
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to all metals (Me) excluding lithium (Li/Me) is 1.05. It was designed, and B was also added to be 0.01 mol based on 1 mol of the total of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and doping elements of the finally obtained positive electrode active material.
- Example 1 composed of single particles by mixing about 0.4205 g of LiOH H 2 O (0.026 mol) and 0.6603 g of Co 3 O 4 (0.0033 mol) per 80 g of the dried cathode active material, and then performing secondary firing under an oxygen atmosphere. A cathode active material was prepared. The second firing was performed at 600-800°C for 5 hours.
- Example 1 The same as in Example 1 except that the content of the lithium raw material and the content of one of the cobalt raw material, the zirconium raw material, and the niobium raw material added per 80 g of the dried positive electrode active material during manufacturing the cathode active material were adjusted as shown in Table 1 below.
- a cathode active material was prepared by the method.
- the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to all metals (Me) excluding lithium (Li/Me) is 1.05. designed.
- the dried cathode active material was secondarily fired under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a cathode active material of Comparative Example 1.
- the second firing was performed at 600-800°C for 5 hours.
- the first sintering process is performed at 730-760 o C, and when lithium raw materials and doping raw materials are input, the molar ratio of lithium (Li) to all metals (Me) except lithium (Li/Me) is as of 1.03
- a cathode active material of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as Comparative Example 1 except for the design.
- Example 1 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0122 0.0033 - - - Example 2 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0265 0.0033 - - - Example 3 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 0.0033 - - - Example 4 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 - 0.0034 - - Example 5 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 - - 0.002 - Example 6 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 - - - 0.0034 Example 7 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 0.0033 0.0034 - - Example 8 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 0.0033 0.0034 - - Example 8 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 0.0033 0.0034 - - Example 8 1.05 0.01 0.0035 0.0085 0.0529 0.0033 0.0034 - - Example 8 1.05 0.01 0.0035
- FIG. 3a is an SEM analysis result of the cathode active material of Example 1 measured at ⁇ 5,000 times
- FIG. 3b is an SEM analysis result of the cathode active material of Example 1 measured at ⁇ 1,000 times.
- FIG. 4a is the SEM analysis result of the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 measured at ⁇ 5,000 times
- FIG. 4b is the SEM analysis result of the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 measured at ⁇ 1,000 times.
- the cathode active material prepared according to Example 1 is composed of one particle, that is, a single particle.
- the single particle shape is uniform and the size is also very uniform without differential or coarse particle size.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B it can be seen that a single particle form and a monolithic form composed of several particles are mixed.
- a positive electrode active material having excellent particle size uniformity that is, containing almost no fine powder and coarse powder, as in the present embodiment can be used as a bimodal positive electrode active material in the future.
- the energy density may be increased by improving the rolling ratio of the electrode.
- the prepared positive electrode active material has a very uniform particle size distribution.
- the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 to 9 have an average grain size of 1550 ⁇ or more, more specifically, 1550 ⁇ to 2600 ⁇ , or 2010 ⁇ to 2600 ⁇ . That is, it can be seen that the average grain size of the positive electrode active material according to the example significantly increased as compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. This means that crystallization has progressed better, and when such a positive electrode active material is applied to a lithium secondary battery, it is very advantageous because it can improve the lifespan characteristics of the battery and reduce residual lithium.
- the boron compound introduced during the first firing forms a single-particle cathode active material and has a very large effect on particle uniformity of the formed cathode active material.
- the specific surface area of the cathode active materials prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured using a BET measuring instrument (Micromeritics TriStar II 3020).
- the specific surface area (BET) of Examples 1 to 9 was 0.19 m 2 /g or less, which was also reduced compared to Comparative Example 1 prepared in the form of a mixture of single particles and secondary particles, and secondary particles as a whole. Compared to Comparative Example 2 prepared in the form, it can be seen that it is significantly reduced. As described above, since the cathode active material of the present embodiment has a very low BET value, it can significantly reduce the amount of gas generated during charging and discharging of the cell, and thus has a very advantageous effect.
- a cathode active material a conductive material (Denka Black), and a polyvinylidene fluoride binder (trade name: KF1120) were mixed in a weight ratio of 96.5: 1.5: 2, and the mixture was mixed with N-methyl so that the solid content was about 30% by weight.
- -2-pyrrolidone N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added to the solvent to prepare a positive electrode active material slurry.
- the slurry was coated on an aluminum foil (thickness: 15 ⁇ m), which is a cathode current collector, using a doctor blade, dried, and then rolled to prepare a cathode.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode was about 15 mg/cm 2 , and the rolling density was about 3.4 g/cm 3 .
- a 2032 coin-type half-cell was prepared using the positive electrode, a lithium metal negative electrode (thickness of 300 ⁇ m, MTI), an electrolyte and a polypropylene separator in a conventional manner.
- the capacity evaluation was based on 205 mAh/g, and the charge/discharge conditions were constant current (CC) / constant voltage (CV) 2.5V to 4.25V, 1/20C cut-off. The initial capacity was measured by 0.1C charge/0.1C discharge.
- Life characteristics were measured 30 times under 0.3C charge / 0.3C discharge conditions at high temperature (45 ° C).
- Room temperature initial resistance (direct current internal resistance: DC-IR (Direct current internal resistance)) is a constant current-constant voltage of 2.5V to 4.25V at 25 °C, 1/20C cut-off conditions, 0.2C charge and 0.2 discharge discharge It was performed once, and after measuring the voltage value 60 seconds after applying the discharge current at 100% of 4.25V charging, it was calculated.
- the resistance increase rate was measured in the same manner as the initial resistance measurement method after 30 cycle life compared to the resistance initially measured at a high temperature (45 ° C.) (room temperature initial resistance), and the rate of increase was converted into percentage (%).
- Example 3 4.27 2,037 1.1925 0.17 24.7 82.5 203.2 94.5
- Example 4 4.25 2,136 1.1935 0.18 26.1 87.6 201.2 94.6
- Example 5 4.25 2,069 1.1925 0.16 25.9 93.1 199.7 93.8
- Example 6 4.26 2,125 1.1934 0.16 26 90.1 200.7 94.1
- Example 7 4.28 2,285 1.1936 0.17 25.5 83.5 201.8 94.6
- Comparative Example 1 4.23 2,436 1.1934 0.18 22 162.4 193.5 93.4
- Comparative Example 2 5.4 2007 1.185 0.2 22.4 178 190 91.8
- Comparative Example 3 4.7 1,100 1.192 0.68 25.3 138.3 210.5 90.8
- the cathode active material of Example 2 has a layered crystal phase belonging to the R-3m space group on the surface. It can be seen that it is formed.
- the cathode active material of Comparative Example 1 has a rock salt structure crystal phase belonging to the Fm-3m space group formed in a layer of 20 to 30 nm on the surface.
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Abstract
Description
구분 | 1차 소성 공정 | 2차 소성 공정 | |||||||
Li/Me비 | B(mol) | Zr(mol) | Al(mol) | LiOH·H2O (mol) | Co3O4 (mol) | ZrO2 (mol) | Nb2O5 (mol) | Al(OH)3 (mol) | |
실시예1 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0122 | 0.0033 | - | - | - |
실시예2 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0265 | 0.0033 | - | - | - |
실시예3 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | 0.0033 | - | - | - |
실시예4 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | - | 0.0034 | - | - |
실시예5 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | - | - | 0.002 | - |
실시예6 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | - | - | - | 0.0034 |
실시예7 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | 0.0033 | 0.0034 | - | - |
실시예8 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | 0.0529 | 0.0033 | - | - | 0.0034 |
비교예1 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | - | 0.0033 | - | - | - |
비교예2 | 1.05 | - | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | - | - | - | - | - |
비교예3 | 1.03 | - | 0.0035 | 0.0085 | - | - | - | - | - |
입자크기 (D50, ㎛) |
Crystalline size(Å) |
I(003)/ I(104) |
BET (m2/g) |
상온 저항 (Ω) |
고온 저항 증가율(%) |
0.1C 방전용량 (mAh/g) |
수명 (%) |
|
실시예3 | 4.27 | 2,037 | 1.1925 | 0.17 | 24.7 | 82.5 | 203.2 | 94.5 |
실시예4 | 4.25 | 2,136 | 1.1935 | 0.18 | 26.1 | 87.6 | 201.2 | 94.6 |
실시예5 | 4.25 | 2,069 | 1.1925 | 0.16 | 25.9 | 93.1 | 199.7 | 93.8 |
실시예6 | 4.26 | 2,125 | 1.1934 | 0.16 | 26 | 90.1 | 200.7 | 94.1 |
실시예7 | 4.28 | 2,285 | 1.1936 | 0.17 | 25.5 | 83.5 | 201.8 | 94.6 |
실시예8 | 4.26 | 2,279 | 1.1935 | 0.19 | 25.9 | 84.5 | 201.5 | 94.3 |
비교예1 | 4.23 | 2,436 | 1.1934 | 0.18 | 22 | 162.4 | 193.5 | 93.4 |
비교예2 | 5.4 | 2,007 | 1.185 | 0.2 | 22.4 | 178 | 190 | 91.8 |
비교예3 | 4.7 | 1,100 | 1.192 | 0.68 | 25.3 | 138.3 | 210.5 | 90.8 |
Claims (21)
- 중심부 및 상기 중심부의 표면에 위치하는 표면부를 포함하는 금속 산화물 입자이되,상기 금속 산화물 입자는, 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 도핑 원소를 포함하고, 단입자로 구성된 것이며,상기 금속 산화물 입자는 표면부에 R-3m 공간군에 속하는 층상 구조 결정상을 포함하고,평균 결정립 크기는 1550Å 이상인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질의 평균 입경(D50)은 3㎛ 이상인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 표면부는 Fm-3m 공간군에 속하는 암염 구조 결정상을 10nm이하의 두께로 더 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 도핑 원소는, Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Ti, Ce, Mg, P, V, Sr, 및 B로 이루어진 그룹으로부터 선택된 2종 이상을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 도핑 원소의 함량은,상기 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 도핑 원소의 총합 1몰을 기준으로, 0.0005몰 내지 0.04몰 범위인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 도핑 원소는 Al 및 Zr을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 Al의 함량은,상기 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 도핑 원소의 총합 1몰을 기준으로, 0.001몰 내지 0.04몰 범위인 양극 활물질.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 Zr의 함량은,상기 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 도핑 원소의 총합 1몰을 기준으로, 0.0016몰 내지 0.0064몰 범위인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물 입자에서 니켈의 함량은,상기 니켈, 코발트 및 망간의 총합 1몰을 기준으로, 0.8몰 이상인 양극 활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 단입자, 그리고1차 입자를 포함하는 2차 입자로 구성된 대입경 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 단입자 양극 활물질 및 상기 대입경 양극 활물질의 혼합비는, 중량비로, 30 : 70 내지 10 : 90 범위인 양극 활물질.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 단입자 양극 활물질 및 상기 대입경 양극 활물질은 서로 다른 조성을 갖는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 니켈 원료 물질, 코발트 원료 물질, 망간 원료 물질 및 물을 포함하는 금속염 수용액을 제조하는 단계;공침 반응기에 상기 금속염 수용액을 공급하여 금속 수산화물을 수득하는 단계;상기 금속 수산화물 입자, 리튬 원료 물질, 도핑 원료 물질 및 보론 화합물을 혼합한 후 1차 소성하여 리튬 금속 산화물을 수득하는 단계; 그리고상기 1차 소성된 리튬 금속 산화물 및 리튬 원료 물질을 혼합하여 2차 소성하는 단계를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 리튬 금속 산화물을 수득하는 단계에서,상기 보론 화합물은, 최종 수득된 양극 활물질에서 니켈, 코발트, 망간 및 도핑 원소의 총합 1몰을 기준으로, 0.05몰 내지 0.015몰 범위로 투입하여 혼합되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 리튬 금속 산화물을 수득하는 단계에서,리튬을 제외한 전체 금속(Me)에 대한 리튬(Li)의 몰비(Li/Me)는 1.01 내지 1.1 범위인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 1차 소성은, 820℃ 내지 890℃ 범위에서 8시간 내지 20시간 동안 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 2차 소성은, 600℃ 내지 800℃ 범위에서 3시간 내지 10시간 동안 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 2차 소성하는 단계에서,상기 리튬 원료 물질의 혼합량은,상기 1차 소성된 리튬 금속 산화물 1몰을 기준으로, 0.004몰 내지 0.053몰 범위인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 2차 소성하는 단계는 코발트 원료 물질, 지르코늄 원료 물질, 니오븀 원료 물질, 알루미늄 원료 물질, 티타늄 원료 물질, 망간 원료물질, 및 니켈 원료물질 중 적어도 하나를 더 투입하여 혼합하여 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제19항에 있어서,상기 2차 소성하는 단계에서, 상기 코발트 원료 물질, 지르코늄 원료 물질, 니오븀 원료 물질, 알루미늄 원료 물질, 티타늄 원료 물질, 망간 원료물질, 니켈 원료물질 중 적어도 하나의 투입량은, 상기 1차 소성된 리튬 금속 산화물 1몰을 기준으로, 0.001몰 내지 0.02몰 범위인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극;음극; 및비수 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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KR20190044327A (ko) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-30 | 울산과학기술원 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 전극, 및 상기 전극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
KR20190139033A (ko) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20200047117A (ko) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-05-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210080081A (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP2021114410A (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 全固体リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、電極及び全固体リチウムイオン電池 |
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KR20190139033A (ko) * | 2018-06-07 | 2019-12-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20200047117A (ko) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-05-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
KR20210080081A (ko) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
JP2021114410A (ja) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-08-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 全固体リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、電極及び全固体リチウムイオン電池 |
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