WO2023033034A1 - ガラス体 - Google Patents
ガラス体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023033034A1 WO2023033034A1 PCT/JP2022/032740 JP2022032740W WO2023033034A1 WO 2023033034 A1 WO2023033034 A1 WO 2023033034A1 JP 2022032740 W JP2022032740 W JP 2022032740W WO 2023033034 A1 WO2023033034 A1 WO 2023033034A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radio wave
- conductive film
- film
- glass body
- glass
- Prior art date
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 128
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 75
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass body.
- a glass body having heat insulation or heat shielding properties, in which a Low-E film (low-emissivity film) is formed on the plate surface of the window glass of a vehicle or building, is known (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- This Low-E film has a problem that it has low permeability (has blocking properties) for radio waves in a frequency band of several hundred MHz to several tens of GHz.
- an opening composed of a plurality of parallel lines is provided in the Low-E film, and the ratio of the length of the plurality of lines to the area of the Low-E film is By stipulating, the radio wave permeability is enhanced for radio waves in the frequency band of several hundred MHz to several tens of GHz.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a multi-layer glass in which a first film region is provided on the second surface of the first glass plate, and an antenna is provided on the fourth surface of the second glass plate at a position facing the first film region.
- An embodiment of a panel is disclosed.
- Radio waves of 700 MHz to 30 GHz included in the frequency band used in the 4th generation mobile communication system (hereinafter referred to as "4G") and the 5th generation mobile communication system (hereinafter referred to as “5G”) are in the lower frequency band.
- the straightness of the radio wave is higher than that of the radio wave, and the opening described in Patent Document 2 and the first film region described in the Patent Document 3 are set to have a shape that ensures the straightness of the radio wave.
- the opening described in Patent Document 2 has a plurality of parallel lines in the Low-E film, it is likely to be visually recognized as a striped pattern, which greatly affects the appearance.
- a glass body includes a first glass plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and at least one of the first surface and the second surface
- One of the plate surfaces includes a radio wave transmitting region through which radio waves having a straight wavelength can pass, and the radio wave transmitting region includes a plurality of radio wave passing portions that pass the radio waves and are adjacent to each other. and a conductive film portion in which the conductive film having the radio wave shielding property is formed between the radio wave passing portions, and the radio wave transmitting region is a part of the radio wave that has passed through the plurality of the radio wave passing portions. diffracts and overlaps in the space facing the conductive film portion.
- radio waves of 700 MHz to 3.5 GHz, which is the frequency band of 4G, and radio waves of 3.6 GHz to 30 GHz, which is the frequency band of 5G have high straightness.
- the radio wave intensity increases in the range facing the area of the plate without the conductive film.
- it is better not to provide a conductive film on the glass body but in that case, the heat insulation and heat shielding properties (hereinafter referred to as "heat insulating performance”) will be lost, and the heat insulating performance and radio wave permeability will be lost.
- the glass body of this configuration is provided with a plurality of mutually spaced radio wave passage portions for passing radio waves in the radio wave transmission region, and a conductive film portion is provided between the adjacent radio wave passage portions.
- the heat insulation performance is enhanced by providing the conductive film portion
- radio wave transparency is enhanced by providing a plurality of radio wave passing portions.
- the radio wave transmission region of this configuration is configured with a radio wave diffusion structure in which part of the radio wave that has passed through the multiple radio wave passage portions is diffracted and overlapped in the space facing the conductive film portion.
- the radio wave that has passed through the radio wave passing portion not only travels straight but also diffracts, and the radio wave diffraction components overlap in the space facing the conductive film portion.
- the radio wave intensity can be increased in the space facing the conductive film portion where the radio wave intensity tends to be weak, and the radio wave reception area can be enlarged.
- the glass body has radio wave transparency that can expand the reception area.
- the radio wave passing portion has a maximum length of a line segment passing through the center that is four times or less the wavelength.
- the radio wave passage part is rectangular and the length of one side is 100 mm, the radio wave diffraction component with a wavelength of 25 mm or more (frequency band of about 12 GHz or less) increases.
- the maximum length of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing part is set to four times or less than the wavelength, the radio wave passing can increase the radio wave intensity in a wide reception area according to the frequency band used.
- the dimensions of the part can be determined.
- the width of the conductive film portion which is the shortest distance between the adjacent radio wave passing portions, is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less.
- the width of the conductive film portion which is the shortest distance between adjacent radio wave passing portions, is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less, both heat insulation performance and radio wave transparency can be achieved. If the width of the conductive film portion is less than 10 mm, the radio wave shielding property of the conductive film portion is reduced, and the entire radio wave transmission region has integral radio wave transparency. If the width of the film portion is greater than 500 mm, a dead space in which radio waves do not overlap is likely to occur in the vicinity of the first glass plate.
- the at least one plate surface includes a radio wave non-transmitting region in which the conductive film is formed around the radio wave transmitting region, and the radio wave passing portion includes the conductive films spaced apart from each other. A patterning having a plurality of islands covered with is formed.
- a thin line having a line width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less is formed between the adjacent islands, and the interval between the adjacent thin lines is 200 ⁇ m or more and 10 mm or less.
- thin lines having a line width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less are formed between adjacent islands, and if the distance between adjacent thin lines is 200 ⁇ m or more and 10 mm or less, radio wave transmission is ensured. while reducing the influence on the appearance. If the line width of the thin wire is less than 1 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to insulate adjacent islands, making it difficult to ensure radio wave transmission. Also, if the distance between adjacent thin wires is less than 200 ⁇ m, the heat insulation performance is lowered, and if it is more than 10 mm, the radio wave transmittance tends to be reduced.
- Another feature is that the island is rectangular.
- the wavelength is 10 mm or more and 428 mm or less.
- the linearity is particularly high, so the usefulness of adopting the glass body with the above configuration can be enhanced.
- the conductive film is a Low-E film.
- the conductive film is a Low-E film as in this configuration, it is possible to ensure radio wave transparency that can expand the reception area while improving the heat insulation performance.
- a second glass plate having a third surface facing the second surface and a fourth surface opposite to the third surface, the second surface and the third surface and forming a gap layer between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, wherein the radio wave transmitting region is formed on the second surface or the third surface.
- the heat insulating performance is enhanced.
- the radio wave transmission region is formed on the second surface or the third surface, the usefulness of the glass body having the above configuration can be enhanced.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through an opening in a comparative example
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the present embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through an opening in Comparative Example 1;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through an opening in Comparative Example 2;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through an opening in Comparative Example 3;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through the radio wave transmission region in the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through an opening when a plurality of glass bodies of Comparative Example 3 are arranged side by side in the plate surface direction;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing spread of radio waves passing through radio wave transmission regions when a plurality of glass bodies of the present embodiment are arranged side by side in the plate surface direction.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged front view of a glass body having a radio wave transmission region in another embodiment;
- the glass body 100 in this embodiment can be used for various purposes, for example, it can be used as window glass of buildings, window glass of automobiles, aircraft, ships, trains, and other moving bodies.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram in which the glass body 100 is used as a windowpane of a building.
- the glass body 100 may be a window glass that contacts the outside air, or may be a window glass that partitions a room.
- the glass body 100 includes a first glass plate 1 whose plate surface has a rectangular outer shape.
- the glass body 100 is a straight 4G frequency band of 700 MHz to 3.5 GHz (wavelength: 428 mm to 85 mm) or a 5G frequency band of 3.6 GHz to 30 GHz (wavelength: 83 mm to 10 mm).
- a radio wave non-transmitting region 42 in which a Low-E film 41 (an example of a conductive film) is formed around the radio wave transmitting region 43 .
- the radio wave transmission region 43 in this embodiment has a radio wave diffusion structure in which part of the radio wave is diffracted to expand the radio wave reception area. Details of the radio wave transmission region 43 will be described later.
- the material of the first glass plate 1 (the same applies to the second glass plate 2 described later) is not particularly limited, and known glass plates can be used.
- various glass plates such as heat-absorbing glass, clear glass, green glass, UV green glass, and soda-lime glass can be used.
- the thickness of the first glass plate 1 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 2 to 15 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 8 mm.
- the first glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite to the first surface 11 .
- a Low-E film 41 (an example of a conductive film) having radio wave shielding properties is formed on the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 .
- the Low-E film 41 is a conductive thin film that blocks radio waves.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive thin film is preferably less than 20 ⁇ . By doing so, the Low-E film 41 has a high reflectance in the wavelength region from the infrared region to the radio wave region (frequency band of several hundred MHz to several tens of GHz).
- the plate surface of the first glass plate 1 on which the Low-E film 41 is formed has low radio wave transmittance, but also has a low emissivity.
- the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 has a radio wave impermeable region 42 over which a Low-E film 41 is formed.
- a radio wave transmission region 43 is formed by removing a portion of the Low-E film 41 by laser processing or the like on a portion of the second surface 12 (central portion in the figure), which is the plate surface on which the Low-E film 41 is formed. is provided.
- This radio wave transmission region 43 is a straight 4G frequency band of 700 MHz to 3.5 GHz (wavelength 428 mm to 85 mm) and a 5G frequency band of 3.6 GHz to 30 GHz (wavelength 83 mm to 10 mm). are arranged to allow transmission of radio waves corresponding to the band of The radio wave non-transmitting region 42 and the radio wave transmitting region 43 may be provided on the first surface 11 of the first glass plate 1 .
- the glass body 100 is a multi-layer glass having two glass plates having substantially the same rectangular outer shape, that is, a first glass plate 1 and a second glass plate 2 .
- a pair of glass plates 1 and 2 are connected to each other by spacers 5 arranged at their peripheral edges.
- a space layer 3 is formed between the pair of glass plates 1 and 2 by the spacers 5 .
- the first glass plate 1 has a first surface 11 that is a plate surface on the outdoor side, and a second surface 12 that is a plate surface on the void layer 3 side opposite to the first surface 11 .
- the second glass plate 2 has a third surface 13 which is a plate surface on the void layer 3 side, and a fourth surface 14 which is a plate surface on the indoor side opposite to the third surface 13 . That is, the spacer 5 is in contact with the second surface 12 and the third surface 13 .
- a low-E film 41 (an example of a conductive film) having radio wave shielding properties is formed on the plate surface (second surface 12) on the void layer 3 side.
- the space layer 3 is sealed by a frame in which a sealing material arranged outside the spacer 5 is arranged.
- the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 has a radio wave non-transmissive area 42 in which a Low-E film 41 is formed over the entire area. Further, on the second surface 12, which is the plate surface on which the Low-E film 41 is formed, a radio wave transmission region 43 is provided by removing part of the Low-E film 41 by laser processing or the like.
- This radio wave transmission region 43 is a straight 4G frequency band of 700 MHz to 3.5 GHz (wavelength 428 mm to 85 mm) and a 5G frequency band of 3.6 GHz to 30 GHz (wavelength 83 mm to 10 mm).
- the multi-layer glass as in the present embodiment, if the Low-E film 41 is arranged on the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 or the third surface 13 of the second glass plate 2, the heat insulation performance is improved. .
- the radio wave non-transmitting region 42 and the radio wave transmitting region 43 may be provided on the first surface 11 of the first glass plate 1 or the fourth surface 14 of the second glass plate 2 .
- an antenna (not shown) for radio wave transmission/reception may be installed on the plate surface (fourth surface 14) of the glass body 100 on the indoor side, or an antenna may be installed on the indoor ceiling or the like.
- the Low-E film 41 is not particularly limited as long as it does not interfere with the object of the present invention, but is preferably a multilayer film containing a layer containing silver as a main component. Also, the Low-E film 41 preferably comprises a multi-layer structure in which two or more layers selected from a metal layer, a metal oxide layer, a metal nitride layer and a metal oxynitride layer are laminated.
- Suitable examples of metal layers include silver layers.
- Suitable examples of metal oxide layers include tin oxide layers, titanium oxide layers and zinc oxide layers.
- Suitable examples of metal nitride layers include silicon nitride.
- Suitable examples of metal oxynitride layers include silicon oxynitride.
- the Low-E film 41 is preferably formed by a vacuum film formation method such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), and is particularly preferred by a sputtering method because it can form a film uniformly over a large area.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 is formed by, for example, forming a Low-E film 41 on a glass plate by sputtering and then removing the Low-E film 41 by laser processing or the like.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 may be formed using various masking materials. By forming the radio wave transmitting region 43 by such a method, it can be easily arranged at a desired position on the glass plate.
- the Low-E film 41 is more preferably a multi-layer laminate of three or more layers selected from a tin oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a titanium oxide layer, a zinc oxide layer and a silver layer. , (1) tin oxide layer (first antireflection layer), zinc oxide layer (first antireflection layer), silver layer (metal layer), zinc oxide layer (second antireflection layer), and Tin oxide layer (second antireflection layer), (2) silicon nitride layer (first antireflection layer), zinc oxide layer (first antireflection layer), silver layer (metal layer) and zinc oxide layer (second reflection Most preferably, it consists of 3 or 5 layers laminated with a protective layer).
- the Low-E film 41 contains a metal layer whose main component is silver.
- the film thickness of the metal layer is preferably 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or more and 15 nm or less. Since the Low-E film 41 has a metal layer containing silver as a main component and having a predetermined film thickness, heat radiation can be suppressed. Thereby, the glass body 100 can improve the heat insulation performance. In addition, since the film thickness of the metal layer is 15 nm or less, the influence of the Low-E film 41 on the appearance can be reduced.
- the Low-E film 41 has a first antireflection layer on the inner side of the metal layer, which is closer to the plate surface on which the Low-E film 41 is formed, and the total optical film thickness of the first antireflection layer is It is suitable in it being 20 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
- the Low-E film 41 has a second antireflection layer on the side far from the plate surface on which the Low-E film 41 is formed, which is the outside of the metal layer, and the total optical film thickness of the second antireflection layer is It is suitable in it being 60 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
- the optical film thickness can be calculated by (refractive index n) ⁇ (film thickness d).
- the first antireflection layer (second antireflection layer) is composed of a plurality of films
- the sum of the optical film thicknesses calculated for the respective films is the thickness of the first antireflection layer (second antireflection layer).
- Optical film thickness In calculating the optical film thickness, the value of the refractive index varies depending on the wavelength of visible light.
- the optical film thickness is based on the refractive index when the wavelength of visible light is the standard wavelength (550 nm) in the general visible range.
- the Low-E film 41 has the first antireflection layer having a predetermined thickness on the side closer to the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 than the metal layer. is protected, the Low-E film 41 has low reflection performance, and can reliably block heat.
- the glass body 100 can achieve a high visible light transmittance and a suitable reflection color tone.
- the Low-E film 41 protects the metal layer even when the second antireflection layer having a predetermined thickness exists on the far side of the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 with respect to the metal layer. As a result, the Low-E film 41 has low reflection performance and can reliably block heat. In addition, the glass body 100 can achieve a high visible light transmittance and a suitable reflection color tone.
- the radio wave impermeable region 42 in this embodiment is a region in which the Low-E film 41 is formed around the radio wave transmitting region 43, and the radio wave transmitting region 43 is part of the radio wave. It has a radio wave diffusion structure that diffracts and expands the radio wave reception area.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 is configured with a radio wave diffusing structure in which a part of the radio wave passing through the plurality of radio wave passing portions 43A is diffracted and overlaps in the space facing the conductive film portion 43B.
- the radio wave passing portion 43A in this embodiment is formed in a rectangular shape, and the longest side of the four sides is four times or less the wavelength of the passing radio wave (10 mm to 500 mm, hereinafter simply referred to as “wavelength”). It has become.
- the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A (electric field vibration direction of the polarized radio wave) is four times or less the wavelength. In this way, if the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A is set to four times or less of the wavelength, the radio wave passing can increase the radio wave intensity in a wide receiving area according to the frequency band used.
- the dimensions of portion 43A can be determined.
- radio wave passing portion 43A For radio waves corresponding to the 5G (millimeter wave) frequency band of 30 GHz to 300 GHz (wavelength less than 11 mm), it is difficult to process the radio wave passing portion 43A.
- the wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted may be 10 mm or more, or may be limited to 5G (sub 6 band) wavelength 49 mm or more (frequency band 6 GHz or less).
- the radio wave passing portion 43A is square, all four sides are equal to the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A. The other two sides are equal to the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A.
- the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A is preferably 10 mm or more and 4 times or less the wavelength, and more preferably 20 mm or more and 2 times or less the wavelength. . If the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A is less than 10 mm, the patterning process described later becomes difficult. It becomes difficult to increase the strength.
- the width W of the conductive film portion 43B which is the shortest distance between the adjacent radio wave passage portions 43A, is preferably 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or more and 100 mm or less. As described above, if the width W of the conductive film portion 43B, which is the shortest distance between the adjacent radio wave passage portions 43A, is 10 mm or more and 500 mm or less, both heat insulation performance and radio wave transparency can be achieved. If the width W of the conductive film portion 43B is smaller than 10 mm, the radio wave shielding property of the conductive film portion 43B is reduced, and the entire radio wave transmission region 43 has integral radio wave transparency. If the width W of the conductive film portion 43B is larger than 500 mm, a dead space in which radio waves do not overlap is likely to occur in the space near the first glass plate 1 .
- the radio wave passing portion 43A is formed by, for example, forming a Low-E film 41 on a glass plate by a sputtering method, and then removing only the Low-E film 41 by laser processing or the like. is formed.
- the thin wire 43Ab By forming the thin wire 43Ab in this manner, the glass plate is not damaged, and the thin wire 43Ab can be made inconspicuous.
- a plurality of islands 43Aa in the present embodiment are formed in a symmetrical shape that is spaced apart from each other at equal intervals via fine lines 43Ab having the same line width.
- the line width of the thin wire 43Ab is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. If the line width of the fine wire 43Ab is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to insulate the adjacent islands 43Aa from each other by forming the integrated Low-E film 41, making it difficult to ensure radio wave transmission. , the heat insulation performance tends to decrease.
- the interval between the adjacent thin wires 43Ab (distance between the line centers of the adjacent thin wires 43Ab) is preferably 200 ⁇ m or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or more and 3 mm or less. Further, if the interval between the adjacent fine wires 43Ab is less than 200 ⁇ m, the heat insulating performance is lowered, and if it is larger than 10 mm, the radio wave transmittance tends to be lowered. In addition, the upper limit of the interval between the adjacent thin wires 43Ab is preferably one-third or less of the wavelength.
- a soda-lime glass having a thickness of 6 mm is used for the first glass plate 1, and the Low-E film 41 covering the second surface 12 is made of SnO2/ZnO/Ag/SUS/ As ZnO/SnO2, the total film thickness was set to 80 nm, and the emissivity was set to 0.1.
- the laser processing conditions for removing the Low-E film 41 are as follows: a YAG:Nd laser is used at a repetition frequency of 100 kHz, a wavelength of 355 nm, and an operation speed of 300 mm/sec so that only the Low-E film 41 can be removed without removing the glass. and
- Emissivity was measured according to JIS-R3106 using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (Frontier Gold manufactured by Perkin Elmer). Table 1 shows the emissivity of the radio wave passing portion 43A when the number and size of the radio wave passing portion 43A, and the line width and spacing of the thin wires 43Ab are changed. All of the radio wave passing portions 43A and the islands 43Aa are formed in a square shape, and the width of the conductive film portion 43B, which is the shortest distance between the adjacent radio wave passing portions 43A, is set to 50 mm.
- the line width of the thin wire 43Ab is set to 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the interval between the fine wires 43Ab is set to 200 ⁇ m or more, deterioration of the emissivity is suppressed and heat insulation performance is maintained, compared to the case where the entire plate surface of the first glass plate 1 is covered with the Low-E film 41. is understandable.
- FIGS. 5 to 12 show vertical incidence in which radio waves are vertically incident on the first surface 11 of the first glass plate 1, and FIGS. On the other hand, oblique incidence was used in which radio waves were obliquely incident.
- 5 to 8 show simulations viewed from a plan view (upper side of the opening) having an opening of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm (the maximum length L of a line segment passing through the center is 100 mm) as the radio wave passing portion 43A of the radio wave transmitting region 43. Results are shown.
- a simulation was performed in which radio waves of 30 GHz to 1 GHz (wavelengths of 10 mm to 300 mm) were applied to the radio wave passing portion 43A.
- the area surrounded by the dashed line in the figure shows the distribution of strong radio waves (radio wave transmission loss of 10 dB or less when the incident radio wave is 0 dB).
- the radio wave passing through the radio wave passing portion 43A travels straight without being diffracted.
- the radio wave passing through the radio wave passing portion 43A reaches the space facing the conductive film portion 43B. It can be seen that the light is diffracted so as to expand.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show how radio waves passing through adjacent radio wave passing portions 43A overlap when the width W of the conductive film portion 43B is set to 50 mm.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 is configured with a radio wave diffusing structure in which a part of the radio wave that has passed through the plurality of radio wave passing portions 43A is diffracted and overlaps in the space facing the conductive film portion 43B.
- the low frequency band of 3 GHz to 1 GHz (wavelength 100 mm to 300 mm)
- the wavelength of the radio wave (30 mm to 300 mm) is preferably larger than 1/4 of the opening length of 100 mm (the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center).
- the radio wave passing portion 43A is preferably four times or less the wavelength.
- the wavelength of the radio wave (60 mm to 300 mm) is larger than half of the opening length of 100 mm (the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center). It is less than twice the wavelength.
- FIG. 9 shows Comparative Example 1 in which the entire second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1 is covered with the Low-E film 41, and FIG. Comparative Example 2 with one 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm opening formed by removing the -E film 41, FIG. 3 shows Comparative Example 3 having one 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm opening formed by FIG.
- 12 shows that, like the glass body 100 according to the above-described embodiment, 5 ⁇ 5 radio wave transmitting portions 43A of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm are arranged to form a total radio wave transmitting region 43 of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm on the second surface of the first glass plate 1. 12 shows the present embodiment formed in the center.
- Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 radio waves were blocked and the radio wave transmission loss was 30 dB or more.
- Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. 10 only radio waves propagated straight from the opening, and there was no spreading of the radio waves.
- Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 11 the opening length was 500 mm, which was four times or more the radio wave wavelength of 86 mm, so there was almost no spread of radio waves.
- the radio wave transmission loss spreads over the range of 3 dB to 15 dB, and although the radio wave intensity is slightly reduced, the radio wave reception area can be expanded.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 show simulation results of the spread of radio waves when four first glass plates 1 are arranged side by side in the plate surface direction.
- a radio wave having a frequency band of 3.5 GHz (wavelength 86 mm) is incident rightward from the first surface 11 side of each first glass plate 1 toward the second surface 12.
- It shows the spread of radio waves in a region R (a chain double-dashed line in the figure) formed horizontally along the xy plane when the light is obliquely incident at an angle of 45 degrees.
- the region R is a rectangular region formed by a first side portion A on which the four first glass plates 1 are arranged and a second side portion B perpendicular to the first side portion A.
- FIG. 13 and 14 show simulation results of the spread of radio waves when four first glass plates 1 are arranged side by side in the plate surface direction.
- the length of the first side A is set to 7800 mm, and the length of the second side B is set to 5500 mm.
- a plurality of openings (radio wave transmission regions 43) along the first side A are set such that the distance P1 from both ends of the first side A to the openings is set to 900 mm, and the distance P2 between adjacent openings is set to 1800 mm.
- the glass body of Comparative Example 3 having one opening of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm formed by removing the Low-E film 41 in the center of the second surface 12 is used as the first glass plate 1 .
- FIG. 13 the glass body of Comparative Example 3 having one opening of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm formed by removing the Low-E film 41 in the center of the second surface 12 is used as the first glass plate 1 .
- 5 ⁇ 5 radio wave transmitting portions 43A of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm are arranged to form a radio wave transmitting region 43 of a total of 500 mm ⁇ 500 mm as a second glass plate.
- the glass body of this embodiment formed in the center of the surface 12 is used.
- each radio wave that has passed through the opening of the first glass plate 1 has a small spread in the horizontal direction, so the radio wave spreads only about half of the region R.
- each radio wave that has passed through the radio wave transmission region 43 has a large spread in the horizontal direction. became.
- a specific description will be given below.
- a virtual diagonal line C is drawn from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the region R, and the left side of the diagonal line C is defined as the first region R1 and the right side of the region R is defined as the second region R2. In this case, in FIG.
- the radio waves passing through the opening of the first glass plate 1 reach the first region R1, but do not reach the region away from the diagonal line C in the second region R2.
- FIG. 14 it was confirmed that the radio waves spread widely not only in the first region R1 but also in the second region R2, and that the radio waves spread over the region R as a whole, although the radio wave intensity was slightly reduced.
- the glass body 100 of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of radio wave passing portions 43A that pass radio waves in the radio wave transmitting region 43, and the conductive film portion 43B is provided between the adjacent radio wave passing portions 43A. ing.
- the conductive film portion 43B in the radio wave transmitting region 43 as well, the heat insulation performance is enhanced, and by providing the plurality of radio wave passing portions 43A, the radio wave transmittance is enhanced.
- the radio wave transmission region 43 is configured with a radio wave diffusion structure in which a part of the radio wave that has passed through the plurality of radio wave passage portions 43A is diffracted and overlaps in the space facing the conductive film portion 43B.
- the radio wave that has passed through the radio wave passage portion 43A not only travels straight, but also is diffracted, and the radio wave diffraction components overlap in the space facing the conductive film portion 43B.
- the radio wave intensity can be increased in the space facing the conductive film portion 43B where the radio wave intensity tends to be weak, and the radio wave reception area can be enlarged. Therefore, the glass body 100 has radio wave transparency capable of expanding the reception area.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 in the above-described embodiment is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be, for example, circular, oval, elliptical, cross-shaped, or the like. Even in this case, it is preferable that the maximum length L of the line segment passing through the center of the radio wave passing portion 43A is 10 mm or more and 4 times or less of the wavelength.
- the radio wave passing portion 43A of the radio wave transmitting region 43 may be formed in an annular shape. Even in this case, it is preferable that the radio wave passing portion 43A be subjected to a patterning process in which a plurality of thin wires 43Ab are concentrically formed at regular intervals.
- the radio wave transmitting region 43 does not need to expose the glass plate by removing the Low-E film 41, and it is sufficient if at least the metal layer containing silver as a main component is removed.
- the heat shield film is arranged on the second surface 12 of the first glass plate 1, and the Low-E film 41 is arranged on the third surface 13 of the second glass plate 2.
- the heat shield film is preferably a multilayer film containing a layer containing titanium nitride as a main component.
- a suitable example of the metal nitride layer is a titanium nitride layer.
- the film thickness of the heat shield film is appropriately selected depending on the type of film to be laminated, but is usually 5 to 100 nm, preferably 10 to 50 nm.
- the heat shielding film is composed of, for example, a heat absorbing film. When the heat shielding film is a heat ray absorbing film, infrared rays can be absorbed by the heat shielding film, so that the heat shielding property of the glass body 100 can be improved.
- the present invention can be used for glass bodies as window glass of buildings and window glass of moving bodies such as automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.
- first glass plate 2 second glass plate 3: void layer 5: spacer 11: first surface 12: second surface 13: third surface 14: fourth surface 41: Low-E film (conductive film) 42: radio wave non-transmitting region 43: radio wave transmitting region 43A: radio wave passing portion 43Aa: island 43Ab: thin wire 43B: conductive film portion 100: glass body L: maximum length W of line segment passing through the center: width of conductive film portion
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Abstract
Description
図2に示すように、第1ガラス板1は、第1面11と、第1面11とは反対側の第2面12とを有する。この第1ガラス板1の第2面12に、電波遮断性を有するLow-E膜41(導電膜の一例)が形成されている。Low-E膜41は、電波の遮断性がある導電性薄膜である。導電性薄膜の表面抵抗率は20Ω未満であると好ましい。こうすると、Low-E膜41は赤外域から電波域(数百MHz~数十GHzの周波数帯域)にわたる波長領域で高い反射率を有する。そのためLow-E膜41が形成されている第1ガラス板1の板面は、電波の透過性は低くなるが、放射率も低くなる。第1ガラス板1の第2面12に、Low-E膜41が全域に形成されている電波非透過領域42を有する。また、Low-E膜41が形成された板面である第2面12の一部(図では中央部分)に、Low-E膜41の一部がレーザ加工等により除去された電波透過領域43が設けられている。この電波透過領域43は、直進性を有する4Gの周波数帯域である700MHz~3.5GHz(波長428mm~85mm)や5Gの周波数帯域3.6GHz~30GHz(波長83mm~10mm)の全帯域または一部の帯域に対応する電波の透過を可能にするように配置される。なお、第1ガラス板1の第1面11に、電波非透過領域42及び電波透過領域43を設けても良い。
図3に示すように、ガラス体100は、板面がほぼ同じ矩形の外形を有する2つのガラス板、つまり第1ガラス板1及び第2ガラス板2を有する複層ガラスである。一対のガラス板1,2は、その周縁部に配置されたスペーサ5によって互いに連結されている。スペーサ5により、一対のガラス板1,2間には空隙層3が形成される。第1ガラス板1は、室外側の板面である第1面11と、第1面11とは反対側の空隙層3側の板面である第2面12とを有する。第2ガラス板2は、空隙層3側の板面である第3面13と、第3面13とは反対側の室内側の板面である第4面14とを有する。つまり、スペーサ5は、第2面12と第3面13とに接触している。空隙層3の側の板面(第2面12)に、電波遮断性を有するLow-E膜41(導電膜の一例)が形成されている。なお、図示を省略するが、スペーサ5よりも外側に配置されたシール材が配置された枠体により、空隙層3は密閉されている。
Low-E膜41は、本発明の目的を阻害しない限り特に限定されないが、好ましくは、銀を主成分とする層を含む多層膜である。また、Low-E膜41は、金属層、金属酸化物層、金属窒化物層および金属酸窒化物層から選ばれる2種以上の層を積層した多層からなるのも好ましい。金属層の好適な例としては銀層が挙げられる。金属酸化物層の好適な例としては、酸化スズ層、酸化チタン層または酸化亜鉛層が挙げられる。金属窒化物層の好適な例としては窒化ケイ素が挙げられる。金属酸窒化物層の好適な例としては酸窒化ケイ素が挙げられる。Low-E膜41は、物理的気相成長法(PVD)等の真空成膜法が好ましく、特にスパッタリング法が大面積を均一に成膜できるため好ましい。電波透過領域43は、例えば、スパッタリング法によりガラス板にLow-E膜41を成膜した後、レーザ加工等によりLow-E膜41を除去することで形成される。電波透過領域43は、各種のマスキング材を用いて形成してもよい。電波透過領域43は、このような手法で形成することで、ガラス板の所望の位置に容易に配置することができる。
図4に示すように、本実施形態における電波非透過領域42は、電波透過領域43の周囲にLow-E膜41が形成された領域となっており、電波透過領域43は、電波の一部が回折して電波受信エリアを拡げる電波拡散構造となっている。電波透過領域43は、直進性のある波長(10mm~500mm)を有する電波を通過させる互いに離間した複数(本実施形態では5×5の25個)の電波通過部43Aと、隣り合う電波通過部43Aの間で電波遮断性があるLow-E膜41が形成された導電膜部43Bとを有している。この電波透過領域43は、複数の電波通過部43Aを通過した電波の一部が回折して導電膜部43Bと対向する空間で重なり合う電波拡散構造で構成されている。
このように細線43Abを形成すれば、ガラス板に傷が付かず、細線43Abを目立たなくすることができる。本実施形態における複数の島43Aaは、同一の線幅を有する細線43Abを介して、互いに等間隔に離間したシンメトリー形状で形成されている。
(試験条件)
第1ガラス板1の厚みが6mmのソーダライムガラスを用い、第2面12を覆うLow-E膜41は、第1ガラス板1の第2面12側から、SnO2/ZnO/Ag/SUS/ZnO/SnO2として、合計膜厚が80nm、放射率が0.1とした。Low-E膜41を除去するレーザ加工条件は、ガラスを除去すること無くLow-E膜41のみ除去できるように、YAG:Ndレーザを用いて、繰り返し周波数100kHz,波長355nm,操作速度300mm/secとした。
フーリエ変換赤外分光度計(Perkin Elmer製 Frontier Gold)を用い、JIS-R3106に従い放射率を測定した。電波通過部43Aの個数及び大きさ、細線43Abの線幅及び間隔を変化させた場合における電波通過部43Aの放射率を表1に示す。電波通過部43A及び島43Aaを全て正方形で形成し、隣り合う電波通過部43Aの最短距離となる導電膜部43Bの幅を50mmに設定した。
続いて、本実施形態におけるガラス体100の電波透過領域43は、電波の一部が回折して電波受信エリアを拡げる電波拡散構造となっていることを立証するシミュレーション結果について説明する。図5~図14には、本実施形態に係るガラス体100及び比較例に係るガラス体の電波透過特性を確認したシミュレーション結果が示されている。なお、図5~図8は、Micro-Stripes2高周波電磁界シミュレータを用い、図9~図14は、Altair Feko高周波電磁界シミュレータを用いた。また、図5~図12は、第1ガラス板1の第1面11に対して電波を垂直に入射させる垂直入射とし、図13及び図14は、第1ガラス板1の第1面11に対して電波を斜めに入射させる斜め入射とした。
(1)上述した実施形態における電波透過領域43は、矩形状に限定されず、例えば、円形状、長円状、楕円状、十字形等であっても良い。この場合でも、電波通過部43Aは、中心を通る線分の最大長Lが10mm以上、且つ、波長の4倍以下であることが好ましい。
(2)図15に示すように、電波透過領域43の電波通過部43Aを円環状に形成しても良い。この場合でも、電波通過部43Aに複数の細線43Abを同心円状に等間隔で形成したパターニング加工が施されることが好ましい。電波透過領域43の各種寸法範囲は、上述した実施形態と同様である。
(3)上述した実施形態における電波通過部43Aに形成された複数の島43Aaを省略して、電波通過部43Aの全域に亘ってLow-E膜41を除去しても良い。また、島43Aaの形状も矩形状に限定されず、例えば、円形状、長円状、楕円状等であっても良い。
(4)電波透過領域43は、Low-E膜41を除去してガラス板を露出させる必要はなく、少なくとも銀を主成分とする金属層が除去されていれば良い。
2 :第2ガラス板
3 :空隙層
5 :スペーサ
11 :第1面
12 :第2面
13 :第3面
14 :第4面
41 :Low-E膜(導電膜)
42 :電波非透過領域
43 :電波透過領域
43A :電波通過部
43Aa :島
43Ab :細線
43B :導電膜部
100 :ガラス体
L :中心を通る線分の最大長
W :導電膜部の幅
Claims (9)
- 第1面と、当該第1面とは反対側の第2面と、を有する第1ガラス板を備え、
前記第1面及び前記第2面の少なくとも一方の板面は、直進性のある波長を有する電波が透過可能な電波透過領域を含んでおり、
前記電波透過領域は、前記電波を通過させる互いに離間した複数の電波通過部と、隣り合う前記電波通過部の間で前記電波の遮断性がある導電膜が形成された導電膜部と、を有しており、
前記電波透過領域は、複数の前記電波通過部を通過した前記電波の一部が回折して前記導電膜部と対向する空間で重なり合う電波拡散構造で構成されているガラス体。 - 前記電波通過部は、中心を通る線分の最大長が、前記波長の4倍以下である請求項1に記載のガラス体。
- 隣り合う前記電波通過部の最短距離となる前記導電膜部の幅は、10mm以上500mm以下である請求項1又は2に記載のガラス体。
- 前記少なくとも一方の板面は、前記電波透過領域の周囲に前記導電膜が形成された電波非透過領域を含んでおり、
前記電波通過部には、互いに離間した前記導電膜で覆われた複数の島を有するパターニングが形成されている請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のガラス体。 - 隣り合う前記島の間には、1μm以上100μm以下の線幅を有する細線が形成されており、隣り合う前記細線の間隔が200μm以上10mm以下である請求項4に記載のガラス体。
- 前記島は、矩形状である請求項4又は5に記載のガラス体。
- 前記波長は、10mm以上428mm以下である請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のガラス体。
- 前記導電膜は、Low-E膜である請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のガラス体。
- 前記第2面に対向する第3面と、当該第3面とは反対側の第4面と、を有する第2ガラス板と、
前記第2面と前記第3面とに接触し、前記第1ガラス板と前記第2ガラス板との間に空隙層を形成するスペーサと、を更に備え、
前記電波透過領域は、前記第2面又は前記第3面に形成されている請求項8に記載のガラス体。
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JP2022570664A JP7292540B1 (ja) | 2021-09-06 | 2022-08-31 | ガラス体 |
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