WO2023027051A1 - 高速で気圧調整が可能な露光用ペリクル - Google Patents
高速で気圧調整が可能な露光用ペリクル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027051A1 WO2023027051A1 PCT/JP2022/031648 JP2022031648W WO2023027051A1 WO 2023027051 A1 WO2023027051 A1 WO 2023027051A1 JP 2022031648 W JP2022031648 W JP 2022031648W WO 2023027051 A1 WO2023027051 A1 WO 2023027051A1
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- pellicle
- filter
- support
- nanofibers
- exposure
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 oxynitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910021344 molybdenum silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010070245 Foreign body Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003257 polycarbosilane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/62—Pellicles, e.g. pellicle assemblies, e.g. having membrane on support frame; Preparation thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exposure pellicle capable of high-speed air pressure adjustment that protects an exposure mask used in the manufacture of semiconductors, liquid crystals, etc. from foreign matter, and more particularly to an EUV pellicle.
- the basic structure of a pellicle is usually a metal frame with a pellicle film that is highly transparent to the exposure wavelength and has light resistance stretched over the top surface, and a relatively light-resistant adhesive such as acrylic or silicone on the bottom surface.
- An airtight seal is formed, and the pellicle is composed of a vent filter and the like for adjusting the difference in air pressure between the inside and outside of the pellicle after it is attached to the mask.
- pellicle films have high transmittance to the exposure wavelength and high light resistance.
- ArF excimer laser (193 nm) uses an amorphous fluoropolymer.
- EUV extreme ultraviolet rays; 13.5 nm
- any material with high transmittance and high light resistance to EUV light can be used as the pellicle film material, but in practice, organic materials are no longer durable, and inorganic materials are generally preferred.
- monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides thereof, or metal silicides such as molybdenum silicide, which are inexpensive and capable of forming uniform films with good reproducibility, are preferable.
- products provided with protective films such as SiC, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, Y 2 O 3 , YN, Mo, Ru and Rh have also been provided.
- protective films such as SiC, SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , SiON, Y 2 O 3 , YN, Mo, Ru and Rh have also been provided.
- the film thickness of submicrons or less has been studied and some of them have already been put into practical use.
- conventional pellicles such as g-line (436 nm) i-line (365 nm), KrF excimer laser (248 nm), ArF excimer laser, etc. used under atmospheric pressure generally use PET , PTFE, etc., are used.
- pellicles for EUV extreme ultraviolet rays
- 13.5 nm extreme ultraviolet rays
- resins such as PET and PTFE or porous sintered pellicles
- Some materials such as metals and ceramics have been used or proposed, but there are almost no products that can withstand the various dimensional restrictions imposed by the structure of the exposure apparatus and the severe conditions of use. ; 13.5 nm) is a major obstacle to the practical use of exposure.
- the current filters made of a non-woven fabric made of resinous thick fibers such as PET and PTFE and a support made of a mesh made of woven metal fibers are inevitably large and thick, and often meet the above size restrictions. Therefore, there are problems such as being unable to use the exposure mask or narrowing the usable area of the exposure mask.
- the pressure loss is high, and it also has the drawback of easily allowing dust of submicron size or less to be blocked to pass through.
- porous sintered metals and ceramics it is technically difficult to make the filtration holes fine and constant, because the holes may fuse together during the production process. There are also problems such as large holes, small holes more than necessary, or blocked holes, etc., and the pressure loss during ventilation is large, and the filter performance is not stable.
- an EUV exposure apparatus is extremely expensive, costing several tens of billions of yen.
- the return causes a large dead time on the device, which is a factor of cost increase. Therefore, in order to increase the operation rate of the EUV exposure apparatus and reduce the production cost, it is necessary to speed up the evacuation and return to atmospheric pressure and shorten the time required for these processes.
- Patent Document 1 proposes to protect the circuit pattern from dust by covering the circuit pattern with a mask cover (reticle cover) that serves both as a so-called pellicle film and a vent filter.
- the exposure surface also contributes as a filter area, so there are virtually no dimensional restrictions due to the structure of the exposure apparatus, and the filter area becomes extremely large, making it impossible to vacuum and return to atmospheric pressure at high speed. It is possible.
- the porous fluororesin (PTFE resin) described above is directly exposed to high-energy EUV light, making it relatively light resistant. Even PTFE with good heat resistance decomposes and cannot be used even for a short period of time, hindering its practical use.
- a pellicle frame an ultra-thin pellicle film provided on the upper end surface of the pellicle frame; a vent provided in the pellicle frame; a filter that closes the vent; with A pellicle, wherein the filter is partially or entirely composed of a sheet composed of at least one of nanofibers or carbon nanotubes and a support having openings for supporting the sheet.
- a pellicle frame an ultra-thin pellicle film provided on the upper end surface of the pellicle frame; a vent provided in the pellicle frame; a filter that closes the vent; with The filter according to [1] above, wherein part or all of the filter is composed of a nonwoven fabric composed of at least one of nanofibers and carbon nanotubes, and a support having openings to support it. Pellicle as described.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the filter including the non-woven fabric and the support having openings, has a "filtration accuracy gradient"* from one surface to the other surface, or from both surfaces to the center, [1] to The pellicle according to any one of [5].
- (*"Filtration accuracy gradient”; Refers to changing the filtration accuracy of the filter medium in stages.
- the pellicle film has a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, and part or all of it is at least monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, or metal silicides thereof.
- a method for manufacturing a pellicle comprising the steps of: creating a nonwoven fabric that is free from the pellicle; and creating a filter from the nonwoven fabric and a flat support having openings.
- An exposure method comprising exposing using the exposure mask with a pellicle according to [13] or [14].
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a step of exposing with the exposure mask with a pellicle according to [13] or [14].
- the filter of the present invention is composed of the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric and its support, it is possible to prevent the contamination of fine foreign matter of submicrons or less despite the extremely small pressure loss, and in addition, it is possible to draw a vacuum when entering and exiting the mask. It is possible to speed up the so-called "air pressure adjustment" of atmospheric pressure return, which in turn increases the operation rate of expensive exposure equipment, and realizes the production of semiconductors with high characteristics and greatly reduced production costs. do.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of an exposure mask with a pellicle of the present invention
- FIG. (a) An illustration of an embodiment of a support for use in the present invention having a round flat mesh.
- the pellicle 10 for exposure of the present invention comprises a pellicle frame 3, an ultra-thin pellicle film 1 provided on the upper end surface of the pellicle frame 3 via an adhesive layer 2, and a pellicle film 1 provided on the pellicle frame 3. and at least one vent 6.
- the vent is closed with a filter 7 made of a sheet or non-woven fabric partly made of nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a support having openings to support it, to prevent foreign matter from entering. playing a role.
- a filter 7 made of a sheet or non-woven fabric partly made of nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a support having openings to support it, to prevent foreign matter from entering. playing a role.
- an EUV exposure mask especially an EUV pellicle
- the EUV pellicle filter is inevitably required to be small and extremely thin.
- the foreign matter prevention filter which is a conventional non-woven fabric with a large fiber diameter and a braided thick fiber, has an overlapping part and a thick support. In the configuration with the body, it is no longer possible to trap submicron foreign objects and to fit them in a very small space.
- the inventors of the present invention arrived at the present invention as a result of earnestly studying measures to improve it. That is, as the fibers, a sheet or nonwoven fabric partially composed of nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes (CNT) is used, and as the support for the nonwoven fabric, a flat metal or resin plate that does not cause overlap of fibers is used. It is improved by processing openings of any shape, combining them, and using them.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- part of the present invention is a sheet or non-woven fabric made of nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a filter material that captures submicron foreign matter, and in addition, ultra-thin SUS or It is necessary to provide an opening in (2) a flat plate material of metal such as Ni or resin and combine it with an ultrathin support to form a filter, and furthermore, as a countermeasure against lowering the strength of the ultrathin support with a larger opening ratio.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the filter 7 is located outside the outer opening of the vent 6, but if necessary, a counterbore for embedding a part or the whole of the filter 7 in the outer opening of the vent 6 or the pellicle frame 3 may be used. At least one of the outer and inner openings of the ventilation port 6 may be chamfered in order to prevent dust generation when the filter 7 and the periphery of the ventilation port 6 contact in addition to reducing dust generation from the peripheral portion.
- the pellicle frame 3 generally has a frame shape (usually a rectangular shape) corresponding to the shape of the mask 5 .
- the above nonwoven fabric is a "fiber sheet, web or bat, in which the fibers are oriented in one direction or randomly, entangled and / or fused and / or bonded between fibres, except paper, fibres, knitted fabrics, tufts and carpet felts.”
- the filter does not necessarily have to be a nonwoven fabric, and may be a sheet. It is preferable that at least one of nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (CNT) is formed in a sheet form, and the nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are entangled.
- the nanofibers and carbon nanotubes (CNT) constituting part or all of the sheet or nonwoven fabric are at least nanofibers made by electrospinning, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) made by various CNT synthesis methods. Good if
- ordinary non-woven fabric manufacturing methods generally use drawn fibers, but the average fiber diameter is as thick as several microns or more, and the diameter of each fiber also becomes thinner and thicker depending on the drawing force, resulting in a wide distribution. Therefore, the trapping rate and strength of foreign matter are not constant, and the trapping of submicron or smaller foreign matter is insufficient, which is not suitable for the purpose of the present invention. Therefore, for the nanofibers of the present invention, the so-called electrospinning method and various CNT manufacturing methods are selected, which are relatively constant and nano-diameter ultrafine fibers can be easily obtained, and nonwoven fabrics made by these methods are essential.
- the diameter of the nanofiber of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is on the order of nanometers. This is because fibers below 10 nm are too weak and difficult to handle. In addition, it is difficult to remove submicron particles or less at a thickness of 950 nm or more.
- the nonwoven fabric and planar support of the filter from one surface to the other surface, or from both surfaces to the center, thinner nanofibers and thicker nanofibers, or flat It is more preferable to change the "filtration accuracy gradient" step by step according to the mesh size of the support. This is because a nonwoven fabric consisting only of fine nanofibers with a constant diameter has a high foreign substance collection rate but a low filter strength, and is easily torn and cannot withstand long-term use.
- one surface of the non-woven fabric of the filter is used on the other surface, or relatively thick nanofibers are used on both surfaces, and the average nanofiber diameter is gradually reduced toward the center, or the planar support If a "filtration accuracy gradient" is provided step by step by opening the mesh, the strength of the filter can be improved, the foreign matter collection rate can be increased, and the pressure loss can be reduced. As a result, it is possible to speed up the evacuation and atmospheric pressure return when the exposure mask is moved in and out.
- a stepwise “filtration accuracy gradient” is formed depending on whether the nanofibers are thicker or the degree of opening of the planar support, and it works to remove finer nanofibers or foreign substances of submicron size or less, and thicker nanofibers or A planar support is most preferred because it works to remove some of the larger contaminants, and thicker nanofibers or planar supports complement each other as a strength reinforcing material.
- all the fibers of the filter are not made of nanofibers, and when it is desired to further speed up the evacuation and atmospheric pressure return, the strength is further increased to withstand the wind pressure.
- the above fiber is intentionally 5 to 70 vol. It is also possible to mix %. 5 vol. %, the filter strength is not so strong, and it is difficult to further increase the speed. Also, 70 vol. % or more, the strength is improved, but the capture rate of fine foreign matters of submicrons or less is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- polymer fibers such as polypropylene, polyester, and polycarbosilane, which have high fiber bending strength, are suitable for mixing nanofibers with thick fibers of several ⁇ m or more. This is because these fibers act like reinforcing bars in a reinforced concrete building, protecting the mixed nanofibers and the entire filter from being destroyed by high-speed vacuuming and large wind pressure when returning to atmospheric pressure.
- the nanofibers of the present invention particularly inorganic silica nanofibers and CNTs, have brittle surfaces and are chemically active, so they are easily lost or damaged depending on the atmosphere gas. It may be modified with Si 3 N 4 or the like.
- the EUV pellicle is provided on the upper end surface of a pellicle frame 3 via an adhesive layer 2.
- the ultra-thin pellicle film 1 is a frame-shaped (usually rectangular) frame-shaped (usually rectangular) ultra-thin silicon film of 1 ⁇ m or less corresponding to the shape of the mask 5.
- a pellicle membrane 1 made of The pellicle film made of silicon is preferably made of single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides thereof, or metal silicides thereof. This is because the thin films of various crystal shapes and compounds have relatively high strength compared to various metals and inorganic compounds, and the EUV transmittance is high, and high-purity films can be easily and economically produced.
- the pellicle film 1 made of silicon, nitrides, oxynitrides, carbides, or metal silicides thereof is further coated with SiC, Si 3 N 4 , Y 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , etc. for the purpose of preventing cracking and corrosion. It is more preferable to coat with various inorganic compounds such as. If the thickness of the pellicle film exceeds 1 ⁇ m, the transmittance of the exposure light becomes insufficient.
- the air pressure adjusting vent 6 provided in the pellicle frame of the present invention is partly or wholly composed of a nonwoven fabric composed of at least one of nanofibers and carbon nanotubes and a support having openings for supporting it. It is covered with a filter 7 for foreign matter invasion prevention made of body. More specifically, the nonwoven fabric is made of at least electrospun nanofibers and/or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the support is flat, and if necessary, the support has a honeycomb structure. of filters are used.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and is suitable not only for conventional pellicles, but also for cutting-edge ultrafine masks, especially pellicles for EUV masks. That is, the filter of the present invention can efficiently collect foreign substances of submicrons to several nanometers in size, and the filter can be made small and extremely thin. A pellicle-equipped EUV exposure mask having this filter can be evacuated and returned to atmospheric pressure at a higher speed when entering and exiting the mask. As a result, the dead time of the EUV exposure apparatus can be shortened, the operating rate of the exposure apparatus can be increased, and the production cost can be reduced.
- the opening area of the air pressure adjusting vent 6 at this time is not particularly limited, it is preferably 2% or more of the total area of the lower end surface of the pellicle frame. 10% or more and 50% or less is more preferable to enable faster evacuation and return to atmospheric pressure, and further reduction in production cost is possible.
- the upper limit of the opening area depends on the strength of the pellicle frame, and if the opening area is too large, the pellicle frame will be deformed and the circuit pattern will be distorted as a result, which is not preferable. Therefore, the upper limit of the aperture area should be determined according to the type of pellicle frame.
- FIG. 1 The outline of mounting the pellicle of the present invention on the exposure mask will be explained using FIG. 1 again.
- An adhesive 4 is formed on the lower end surface of the pellicle frame 3 for attaching the pellicle 10 to the mask.
- a liner (not shown) is provided on the lower end surface of the adhesive 4 to protect the adhesive surface. When attaching the pellicle to the mask, remove this liner, expose the adhesive, and attach it to the mask.
- Example 1 Polypropylene fibers with an average diameter of 3 ⁇ m in a conventional method and silica fibers with an average diameter of 0.15 ⁇ m especially prepared by electrospinning are used to obtain an average fiber diameter of 0.8 ⁇ m at both ends of the filter and an average fiber diameter of 0.30 ⁇ m at the center. (The average fiber diameter is calculated from the SEM image), and a nonwoven fabric having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m with a “filtration accuracy gradient” is formed.
- the foreign matter capture rate was 100% for all 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m, and the maximum pressure loss was 0.5 to 0.6 Pa for the three types of patterns at a linear velocity of 0.15 cm/s. .
- the maximum displacement amount of the filter at the time of maximum pressure loss is (a) round (opening ratio; 50.1%), (b) square (opening ratio; 57.8%), (c) honeycomb structure (opening ratio; 55.3%), and 28 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m, and 5 ⁇ m, respectively. Extremely low, and even faster speeds of barometric adjustment were possible.
- a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m which is the same as in Example 1, was prepared from polypropylene fibers having an average diameter of 3 ⁇ m according to a conventional manufacturing method for non-woven fabrics. For comparison of both ends, a square pattern was knitted with a ⁇ 30 ⁇ m SUS316 extra-fine wire so as to have an aperture ratio equivalent to the line width of 30 ⁇ m in Example 1 by the conventional method, and a mesh of 2.5 mm ⁇ 10 mm size was knitted. made a support. A filter was prepared by sandwiching the above nonwoven fabric between two supports.
- the obtained filter was not a thin planar filter, but a thick filter of 310 ⁇ m with unevenness of peaks and valleys.
- a pellicle having a 0.1 ⁇ m molybdenum silicide pellicle film was attached to the exposure mask for evaluation.
- the air pressure was adjusted at the same speed as in Example 1, the pellicle film burst during the process. Since this is not a flat support, the unevenness of the peaks and valleys makes it impossible to evenly support the entire nonwoven fabric, and a localized pressure difference occurs in the space between the exposure mask and the pellicle film. It is considered to be
- Example 2 50 ⁇ m of 100% SiC fibers made of polycarbosilane and having an average diameter of 50 ⁇ m were laminated to form one end face. CNTs with an average diameter of 35 nm (0.035 ⁇ m) and the SiC fibers with an average diameter of 50 ⁇ m are stacked on this one end face to a thickness of 100 ⁇ m while gradually changing the degree of mixing of the two. 035 ⁇ m) CNTs, 100%, were laminated to a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to form a non-woven fabric. This nonwoven fabric has three types of "filtration accuracy gradients".
- the contaminant trapping rate was 100% in all cases of 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m, and the pressure loss was 0.15 Pa at a linear velocity of 0.15 cm/s. No problem occurred, and the material was able to withstand vacuum and air return when the exposure mask was put in and taken out.
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Abstract
Description
[1] ペリクルフレームと、
前記ペリクルフレームの上端面に設けられた極薄のペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクルフレームに設けられた通気口と、
前記通気口を塞ぐフィルターと、
を備え、
前記フィルターは、その一部又は全部が、ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成されるシートと、それを支える開口部を持つ支持体とで構成されることを特徴とするペリクル。
[2] ペリクルフレームと、
前記ペリクルフレームの上端面に設けられた極薄のペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクルフレームに設けられた通気口と、
前記通気口を塞ぐフィルターと、
を備え、
前記フィルターは、その一部又は全部が、ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成される不織布と、それを支える開口部を持つ支持体とで構成されることを特徴とする前記[1]に記載のペリクル。
[3] 前記不織布は少なくともエレクトロスピンニングで作られたナノファイバー及び/又はカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)から成ることを特徴とする前記[1]又は[2]に記載のペリクル。
[4] 前記支持体は平板状であることを特徴とする前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[5] 前記支持体はハニカム構造より成ることを特徴とする前記[1]~[4]のいずれに記載のペリクル。
[6] 前記フィルターは不織布及び開口部を持つ支持体を含め片表面からもう 片表面、又は両表面から中央部に向かって「ろ過精度勾配」*を持つことを特徴とする前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
(*「ろ過精度勾配」;ろ材のろ過精度を段階的に変えることを言う。一般的には大きい粒子から小さい粒子へ段階的に捕捉させ、急激な目詰まりを防ぐ)
[7] 前記ペリクル膜は膜厚が1μm以下であり、その一部又は全部が少なくとも単結晶シリコン、多結晶シリコン、非晶質シリコン、又はこれらの窒化物、酸窒化物、炭化物、或いは金属シリサイドより成ることを特徴とする前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[8] 前記ペリクル膜には無機化合物のコーティングが施されていることを特徴とする前記[7]に記載のペリクル。
[9] 前記無機化合物がSiC、Si3N4、Y2O3のいずれかであることを特徴とする前記[8]に記載のペリクル。
[10] 前記ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの表面はSiC又はSi3N4で被覆されていることを特徴とする前記[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[11] 前記ペリクルがEUVマスク用ペリクルであることを特徴とする前記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載のペリクル。
[12] 前記[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のペリクルを露光マスクに装着して成ることを特徴とするペリクル付き露光マスク。
[13] 前記[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載のペリクルの製造方法であって、エレクトロスピンニング法を用いたナノファイバー、又はカーボンナノチューブ法を用いたカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成される不織布を作成する工程、及びこの不織布と更に開口部を持つ平板状の支持体とに依りフィルターを作成する工程とを備えることを特徴とするペリクルの製造方法。
[14] 前記[13]の平板状の支持体がハニカム構造であることを特徴とするペリクルの製造方法。
[15] 前記[13]又は[14]に記載のペリクル付き露光マスクを用いて露光することを特徴とする露光方法。
[16] 前記[13]又は[14]に記載のペリクル付き露光マスクに依って露光する工程を備えることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
これはより太いナノファイバーか或いは平面状支持体の目開きの程度により段階的「ろ過精度勾配」が形成され、より細いナノファイバー或いは主にサブミクロン以下の異物除去に働き、より太いナノファイバー或いは平面状支持体は一部のより大きい異物除去に働くと共により太いナノファイバー或いは平面状支持体は強度補強材として相互補完するので最も好ましい。
通常法の平均径3μmのポリプロピレン・ファイバーと特にエレクトロスピンニングで作成した平均径0.15μmのシリカファイバーをフィルターの両端面で平均ファイバー径が0.8μm、中央部の平均ファイバー径が0.30μmに成るように段階的に混入(平均ファイバー径はSEM像より算出)し、「ろ過精度勾配」を持たせた、厚み150μmの不織布とし、その両端を図2の如き、線幅、30μmで略同程度の開口率の(a)丸形(開口率;50.1%)、(b)正方形(開口率;57.8%)、(c)ハニカム構造(開口率;55.3%)3種のパターンの平板状メッシュ(厚さ25μmのSUS316製、平板状の板をエッチング加工して作成)2.5mm×10mmサイズの開口部を持つ支持体を作成した。その支持体に上記の不織布を同サイズで挟み込みフィルターとした。このナノファイバーの不織布とメッシュ化された平板支持体とを組み合わせたフィルターは、不織布のみでも、異物を大粒子から小粒子へと段階的に捕捉し、急激な目詰まりが起こさない所謂、「ろ過精度勾配」を既に形成しているが、上記の支持体との組み合わせに依って更に支持体との「ろ過精度勾配」が加わり、後述の如く、より一層の異物捕捉と圧損低下をもたらすことが可能となった。
不織布の通常製法に依り、平均径3μmのポリプロピレン・ファイバーで実施例1と同じ150μm厚みの不織布を用意した。この両端を比較のために、従来法で実施例1の線幅30μmと同程度の開口率に成るよう、φ30μmのSUS316製極細線で正方形のパターンを編み、2.5mm×10mmサイズのメッシュの支持体を作った。この支持体、2枚で上記の不織布を挟み込みフィルターを作成した。
ポリカルボシランより作られた平均径50μmのSiC・ファイバー100%を50μm積層し、片端面とした。この片端面上に平均径35nm(0.035μm)のCNTと上記の平均径50μmのSiC・ファイバーとを、両者の混入度を徐々に変化させつつ、100μm積層し、更に平均径35nm(0.035μm)のCNT、100%を30μm厚みを積み、不織布とした。この不織布は3種類の「ろ過精度勾配」を有する。この不織布の平均径35nm(0.035μm)のCNT、100%を30μm積んだ上に、更に図2の実施例1と同様に20μm厚のNi製平板でハニカム構造の支持体を作成して載せ、フィルターを作った。更にこのフィルターで図1に示したような0.15μmのp-Si膜が帳設されたペリクルフレームの気圧調整用通気口28個(全開口面積=321mm2;ペリクルフレーム下端面の15%に相当)を塞いだ後に、このペリクルを露光マスクに接着剤を介し貼った。
その後、実施例1と同じ装置、同一条件で上記フィルターの評価を行った。
その結果、異物捕捉率は0.01~0.5μmに於いて、全て100%で、圧損は線速0.15cm/sで0.15Paであり、差圧に依るp-Siペリクル膜の損傷は何ら発生せず、露光マスクの出し入れの真空、大気戻しには十分耐えられる物であった。
2 接着剤
3 ペリクルフレーム
4 粘着剤
5 フォトマスク
6 通気口
7 フィルター
10 ペリクル
Claims (16)
- ペリクルフレームと、
前記ペリクルフレームの上端面に設けられた極薄のペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクルフレームに設けられた通気口と、
前記通気口を塞ぐフィルターと、
を備え、
前記フィルターは、その一部又は全部が、ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成されるシートと、それを支える開口部を持つ支持体とで構成されることを特徴とするペリクル。 - ペリクルフレームと、
前記ペリクルフレームの上端面に設けられた極薄のペリクル膜と、
前記ペリクルフレームに設けられた通気口と、
前記通気口を塞ぐフィルターと、
を備え、
前記フィルターは、その一部又は全部が、ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成される不織布と、それを支える開口部を持つ支持体とで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のペリクル。 - 前記不織布は、少なくともエレクトロスピンニングで作られたナノファイバー及び/又はカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)から成ることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のペリクル。
- 前記支持体は、平板状であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記支持体は、ハニカム構造より成ることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記フィルターは、不織布及び開口部を持つ支持体を含め片表面からもう片表面、又は両表面から中央部に向かってろ過精度勾配を持つことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜は、膜厚が1μm以下であり、その一部又は全部が少なくとも単結晶シリコン、多結晶シリコン、非晶質シリコン、又はこれらの窒化物、酸窒化物、炭化物、或いは金属シリサイドより成ることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクル膜には無機化合物のコーティングが施されていることを特徴とする請求項7記載のペリクル。
- 前記無機化合物がSiC、Si3N4、Y2O3のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項8記載のペリクル。
- 前記ナノファイバー又はカーボンナノチューブの表面はSiC又はSi3N4で被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 前記ペリクルがEUVマスク用ペリクルであることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載のペリクル。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載のペリクルを露光マスクに装着して成ることを特徴とするペリクル付き露光マスク。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載のペリクルの製造方法であって、エレクトロスピンニング法を用いたナノファイバー、又はカーボンナノチューブ法を用いたカーボンナノチューブの少なくとも一方で構成される不織布を作成する工程、及びこの不織布と更に開口部を持つ平板状の支持体とに依りフィルターを作成する工程とを備えることを特徴とするペリクルの製造方法。
- 請求項13の平板状の支持体がハニカム構造であることを特徴とするペリクルの製造方法。
- 請求項13又は14に記載のペリクル付き露光マスクを用いて露光することを
特徴とする露光方法。 - 請求項13又は14に記載のペリクル付き露光マスクに依って露光する工程を
備えることを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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JP2019204132A (ja) * | 2014-07-04 | 2019-11-28 | エーエスエムエル ネザーランズ ビー.ブイ. | リソグラフィ装置内で用いられる膜及びそのような膜を含むリソグラフィ装置 |
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JP2021013466A (ja) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-02-12 | 株式会社Tree Field | 抽出装置及び抽出方法 |
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