WO2023027016A1 - ガラス部材、及びガラス部材積層体、入力装置、入力表示装置、外装用ガラス部材、筐体、扉体、容器、並びにガラス部材の製造方法 - Google Patents
ガラス部材、及びガラス部材積層体、入力装置、入力表示装置、外装用ガラス部材、筐体、扉体、容器、並びにガラス部材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023027016A1 WO2023027016A1 PCT/JP2022/031544 JP2022031544W WO2023027016A1 WO 2023027016 A1 WO2023027016 A1 WO 2023027016A1 JP 2022031544 W JP2022031544 W JP 2022031544W WO 2023027016 A1 WO2023027016 A1 WO 2023027016A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unevenness
- glass member
- pass filter
- main surface
- cutoff value
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C19/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by mechanical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to techniques for a glass member, a glass member laminate including the glass member, an input device, an input display device, an exterior glass member, a housing, a door body, a container, and a method for manufacturing the glass member.
- a cover member made of a transparent glass member such as a glass substrate is arranged on the front side (front side) of a display device such as a liquid crystal display.
- a display device such as a liquid crystal display.
- the surface of the cover member is intended to improve tactile sensations such as writing comfort with an input pen and touch comfort with a fingertip, and to ensure visibility of a display device through the cover member. , unevenness is provided in advance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a cover glass for a pen input device having fine unevenness with a haze value of less than 1% and a Martens hardness in the range of 2000 to 4000 N/mm 2 . .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the current situation, and provides a glass member having excellent tactile sensations such as writing comfort with an input pen and touch comfort with a fingertip, and a glass member laminate comprising the glass member. , an input device, an input display device, an exterior glass member, a housing, a door, a container, and a method for manufacturing the glass member.
- the glass member according to aspect 1 of the present invention is a glass member having a main surface having unevenness, wherein the unevenness has a cutoff value of 14 ⁇ m for the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 and a cutoff value for the low-pass filter ⁇ s1.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 is 2 to 500 nm
- the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element is 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- second unevenness having an arithmetic mean height Sa2 of 0.7 to 50 nm when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the pen tip of the input pen when an input operation is performed with an input pen on the main surface, the pen tip of the input pen is not excessively slippery, and may be easily slippery. Therefore, it is possible to improve writing comfort with the input pen.
- the main surface when the main surface is operated with the fingertips, it is possible to provide excellent touch feeling with the fingertips without feeling excessive roughness.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 is set to 14 ⁇ m
- the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 is set to 0.35 ⁇ m.
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 is preferably 25 to 700 nm.
- a glass member according to aspect 3 of the present invention is a glass member having a main surface having unevenness, wherein the unevenness has a cutoff value of 50 ⁇ m for the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 and a cutoff value for the low-pass filter ⁇ s1.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 is 2 to 500 nm
- the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element is 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- second unevenness having an arithmetic mean height Sa2 of 0.7 to 50 nm when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the pen tip of the input pen when an input operation is performed with an input pen on the main surface, the pen tip of the input pen is not excessively slippery, and may be easily slippery. Therefore, it is possible to improve writing comfort with the input pen.
- the main surface when the main surface is operated with the fingertips, it is possible to provide excellent touch feeling with the fingertips without feeling excessive roughness.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 is set to 50 ⁇ m
- the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 is set to 0.35 ⁇ m.
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 is preferably 25 to 1500 nm.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 in a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the developed area ratio Sdr2 of the interface is preferably 3 to 60%.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 in a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the root-mean-square slope Sdq2 is preferably 2 to 80.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 in a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the maximum height Sz2 is preferably 10 to 400 nm.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 in a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the maximum peak height Sp2 is preferably 6 to 200 nm.
- a glass member laminate according to aspect 9 of the present invention includes the glass member according to any one aspect of aspects 1 to 8, and an antifouling layer provided on at least a part of the main surface of the glass member. It is characterized by having By having such a configuration, it is possible to realize a glass member laminate that is excellent in tactile sensation such as writing comfort with an input pen and tactile sensation with a fingertip, and also has an antifouling function.
- an input device comprises the glass member according to any one of aspects 1 to 8 or the glass member laminate according to aspect 9, and a detection circuit for detecting an input position. Characterized by having such a configuration, it is possible to realize an input device that has excellent tactile sensations such as writing comfort with an input pen and touch comfort with a fingertip, or an input device that also has an antifouling function.
- an input display device is characterized by comprising the input device of aspect 10 and a display device.
- a display device By having such a configuration, it is possible to realize an input display device that is excellent in tactile sensation such as writing comfort with an input pen and touch comfort with a fingertip, or an input display device that also has an antifouling function.
- An exterior glass member according to Aspect 12 of the present invention is characterized by comprising the glass member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8 or the glass member laminate according to Aspect 9.
- a housing according to aspect 13 of the present invention is characterized by including the exterior glass member of aspect 12.
- a door body according to aspect 14 of the present invention is characterized by including the exterior glass member of aspect 12.
- the exterior glass member of aspect 12 By having such a configuration, it is possible to realize a door body that is excellent in tactile sensation such as touch feeling with a fingertip, or a door body that also has an antifouling function.
- a container according to aspect 15 of the present invention is characterized by comprising the exterior glass member of aspect 12.
- a method for manufacturing a glass member according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing the glass member according to any one of modes 1 to 8, wherein the main surface of the glass member is etched with hydrofluoric acid. a first forming step of forming the first unevenness; and wet blasting or sandblasting the first unevenness formed by the first forming step to form the second unevenness. and a second forming step.
- the following effects are obtained. That is, according to the glass member according to the present invention, the glass member laminate, the input device, the input display device, the exterior glass member, the housing, the door body, the container, and the method for manufacturing the glass member, which include the glass member , the tactile feeling such as the feeling of writing with an input pen and the feeling of touch with a fingertip can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing the configuration of an input display device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a measured cross-sectional curve on the main surface of the glass member, and is a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view showing the shapes of the first unevenness and the second unevenness.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining various parameters representing roughness of unevenness, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram for explaining various parameters in surface roughness, and (b) is a schematic diagram for explaining various parameters in line roughness; It is a schematic diagram for doing.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining various parameters representing roughness of unevenness, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram for explaining various parameters in surface roughness, and (b) is a schematic diagram for explaining various parameters in line roughness; It is a schematic diagram for doing.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the cutoff values of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 and the low-pass filter ⁇ s1, and is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength and the amplitude transmissibility;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the reason for setting the upper limit of the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element in the first unevenness, (a) is a schematic diagram when RSm1 exceeds 100 ⁇ m, and (b) is a schematic diagram. is a schematic diagram when RSm1 is 100 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the developed area ratio Sdr and the root-mean-square slope Sdq of the interface, which are parameters representing surface roughness, and (a) is a schematic diagram showing the case where the defined region is a completely flat surface , and (b) is a schematic diagram showing a case where the defined area is a bellows-shaped plane having an inclination. It is process drawing which showed the manufacturing method of the glass member which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of another embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electronic device including a housing made of an exterior glass member, and (b) is an exterior glass BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the model which showed an example of the electronic device provided with the housing
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view showing another configuration of the input display device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 to 9.
- the input display device 1 mainly includes a display element 10 that is an example of a display device that displays images, and an input device 20 that inputs information such as characters and graphics with an input pen 2 or a fingertip 3 .
- the input device 20 also includes a digitizer circuit 21 that is an example of a detection circuit that detects the above information (more specifically, the input position of the input pen 2 or the fingertip 3), and a cover member that is an example of a glass member.
- a glass substrate 22 or the like is provided.
- the display element 10, the digitizer circuit 21, and the glass substrate 22 are laminated with each other. is placed. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the digitizer circuit 21 and the glass substrate 22 may be arranged on the front side of the display element 10, or the digitizer circuit 21 may be integrated with the display element 10 as a built-in type.
- One digitizer circuit 21 may be provided in the input device 20, or two or more digitizer circuits 21 may be provided.
- the "front side” of the display element 10 means the side on which an image is displayed
- the “back side” of the display element 10 means the side opposite to the side on which the image is displayed. means.
- the "front side” of the display element 10 is the upper side of the paper surface in FIG. 1
- the "back side” of the display element 10 is the lower side of the paper surface in FIG.
- the tip 2a of the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 are brought into contact with the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 (the surface on the opposite side of the glass substrate 22 from the display element 10 side).
- the digitizer circuit 21 detects the positions (input positions) of the pen tip 2a and the input operation of characters, graphics, and the like can be executed.
- An example of such an input display device 1 is a tablet terminal.
- the tablet terminal broadly means an input display device having both a display function and an input function, and includes devices such as tablet PCs, mobile PCs, smartphones, and game machines.
- the glass substrate 22 is formed of a transparent glass plate having unevenness formed on at least one main surface (in this embodiment, the main surface 22a described above). Further, the glass substrate 22 is arranged so that the main surface 22a on which the unevenness is formed becomes the surface on the side with which the input pen 2 or the fingertip 3 comes into contact.
- the glass substrate 22 for example, a glass plate made of aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, soda lime glass, tempered glass, Li 2 O—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 -based crystallized glass, or the like is used. can be used.
- the glass substrate 22 when the glass substrate 22 is composed of a glass plate made of alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, the glass substrate 22 may have a chemically strengthened layer on its surface. Details of the glass substrate 22 will be described later.
- the digitizer circuit 21 has a detection sensor that detects an input operation with the input pen 2 or fingertip 3 .
- the input pen 2 is an input instrument having a shape similar to a writing instrument such as a pencil or a ballpoint pen, and has a pen tip 2a, which is an example of a friction element that contacts the glass substrate 22, and the pen tip 2a is made of an elastomer. , synthetic resin material such as polyacetal resin, conductive fiber, felt, or the like.
- the pen tip 2a is made of the above members, it is easy to get caught on irregularities. Therefore, when the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 is brought into contact with the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 having the unevenness and is moved, a particularly excellent writing comfort can be realized.
- FIG. 1 the glass substrate 22 is an example of the glass member according to the present invention, and as shown in FIG.
- the unevenness is mainly composed of two types of large and small unevenness, namely, first unevenness and second unevenness.
- the first unevenness has an arithmetic mean height Sa1 of 2 to 500 nm and an average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element of 2 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the second unevenness has an arithmetic mean height Sa2 of 0.7 to 50 nm, preferably 0.8 nm or more, 0.9 nm or more, 1.0 nm or more, 1.5 nm or more, 2.0 nm or more, 2 .5 nm or more.
- the above-mentioned “arithmetic mean height Sa (Sa1 and Sa2)” is a parameter defined by ISO25178, and is a parameter obtained by extending a profile curve indicating the cross-sectional shape of the unevenness to a surface.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa is the first unevenness or the second unevenness that constitutes the unevenness with respect to the average plane Z on the main surface 22a of the glass member 22.
- (Sa ((Xh 1 +Xh 2 + ⁇ . . +Xh n )+(Yh 1 +Yh 2 + . . . +Yh n )/2n).
- the above-mentioned "average length RSm (RSm1) of roughness curve element” is a parameter defined by JISB0601:2001, and is a A parameter representing the average pitch.
- the profile curve indicating the cross-sectional shape of the first unevenness is formed by a plurality of continuous undulating curves 22a1, 22a1, . It is composed of a peak portion Xb and a valley portion Yb adjacent to each other.
- the peak Xb and the valley Yb each further have a plurality of unevennesses, and these further unevenness have a predetermined threshold value (for example, the maximum height (or the maximum height) of the peak Xb (or the valley Yb). If it is less than 10% of the depth), it is considered noise and recognized as part of the peak Xb or valley Yb.
- a predetermined threshold value for example, the maximum height (or the maximum height) of the peak Xb (or the valley Yb). If it is less than 10% of the depth), it is considered noise and recognized as part of the peak Xb or valley Yb.
- the values of the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the first unevenness and the mean length RSm1 of the roughness curve element are obtained by subtracting the long wavelength component from the measured contour curve of the main surface 22a.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 for blocking is set to 14 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m, and the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 for blocking short wavelength components from the cartwheel contour curve of the main surface 22a is set to 0.35 ⁇ m. is the value obtained when set to .
- the arithmetic mean height Sa2 in the second unevenness is a value obtained in a microscopic measurement area compared to the setting range of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 and the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 in the first unevenness described above.
- the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m in a square area of 5 ⁇ m on a side.
- the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is composed of the first unevenness and the second unevenness that is more microscopic than the first unevenness, and the second unevenness is continuously connected.
- the first irregularities are formed by undulating the irregularities.
- the shape of the first unevenness and the shape of the second unevenness on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 are within the ranges of the conditions described above. By being formed inside, it is possible to improve tactile sensations such as writing comfort with the input pen 2 and touch comfort with the fingertip 3 while maintaining the visibility of the display element 10 .
- the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 is not excessively slippery and slippery, and the writing comfort with the input pen 2 is excellent. can be assumed. Further, when an input operation is performed with the fingertip 3 on the main surface 22a, the touch feeling with the fingertip 3 can be excellent without feeling excessive roughness.
- the first unevenness and the second unevenness are formed to have uneven shapes within the range of the conditions described above, glare called sparkling is caused by interference of scattered light due to the uneven shapes. You can prevent it from happening.
- a resin layer or the like is not formed on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22, and the uneven shape is formed directly on the main surface 22a. Since it is hard to be scratched, the visibility of the display element 10 is not deteriorated.
- the first unevenness affects the contact between the main surface 22 a of the glass substrate 22 and the input pen 2 or the fingertip 3 . That is, the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 mainly come into contact with the convex portions of the first unevenness on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22, and hardly come into contact with the concave portions of the unevenness. In other words, the contact area between the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 and the input pen 2 or fingertip 3 can be reduced by forming the first unevenness within the range of the conditions described above.
- the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 or the fingertip 3 is brought into contact with and moved against the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 on which the unevenness is formed, there will be a gap between the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3.
- the generated frictional force repeats moderate increases and decreases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an excessive increase or an excessive decrease in the frictional force between the pen tip 2a or the fingertip 3 and the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22.
- the tactile sensation such as the tactile sensation of 3 can be made excellent.
- the upper limit of the average length RSm1 (see FIG. 2) of the roughness curve elements in the first unevenness is set to 100 ⁇ m. , preferably set to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably set to 60 ⁇ m, even more preferably set to 50 ⁇ m, and preferably set to 49 ⁇ m, 48 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred and most preferably set to 20 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve elements in the first unevenness is set to 2 ⁇ m, but the lower limit is preferably set to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ m more preferably set to 3 ⁇ m, even more preferably set to 3.5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably set to 4 ⁇ m, more than 4 ⁇ m, 4.5 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m and 9 ⁇ m, Most preferably it is set to 10 ⁇ m.
- the reason for setting the upper limit of the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element in the first unevenness as described above is as follows. That is, although the average value of the height of each projection in the first unevenness is defined by the arithmetic average height Sa1 as described above, the value is a random value.
- the contact surfaces of the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 are likely to enter the gaps between the vertexes of the adjacent convex portions, and the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 and the first irregularities can easily enter the gaps.
- the contact area in the vicinity of the contact point P with the apex of the convex portion in B inevitably increases.
- the frictional force between the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 and the first unevenness increases, and there is a possibility that tactile sensations such as writing comfort with the input pen 2 and touch comfort with the fingertip 3 are reduced.
- the upper limit of the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve elements in the first unevenness is set within a range of 100 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, the distance between the convex portions adjacent to each other is also appropriately narrowed.
- the contact surfaces of the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 are less likely to enter the gaps between the vertexes of the convex portions adjacent to each other. Since the contact area near the contact point P with the apex of the convex portion inevitably decreases, the frictional force between the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 of the input pen 2 and the first unevenness increases. However, the tactile sensation such as the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the tactile sensation with the fingertip 3 can be reliably improved.
- the second unevenness contributes to the frictional force between the pen tip 2 a and the finger tip 3 of the input pen 2 and the main surface 22 a of the glass substrate 22 . Also, the contribution of the frictional force changes depending on the material of the pen tip 2a.
- the pen tip 2a made of elastomer the flatter the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22, the greater the frictional force due to the adhesive force.
- the tip 2a becomes less slippery. Therefore, by providing the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 with the second unevenness, the contact area between the main surface 22a and the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 can be reduced.
- the pen tip 2a can be moderately slippery on the surface 22a.
- Thermosetting elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers are available as the elastomer pen tip 2a.
- Thermosetting elastomers include, for example, silicone-based elastomers, and thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-based, olefin-based, polyester-based, polyurethane-based, vinyl chloride-based, and polyamide-based elastomers.
- the pen tip 2a made of a hard material such as polyacetal the flatter the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22, the lower the frictional force. 2a becomes slippery. Therefore, by providing the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 with the second unevenness, the pen point 2a of the input pen 2 is easily caught on the main surface 22a, the frictional force increases, and the glass substrate 22
- the pen tip 2a can be made moderately slippery with respect to the main surface 22a.
- the pen tip 2a made of a material such as conductive fiber or felt behaves like the pen tip 2a made of polyacetal described above, and the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is provided with the second unevenness.
- the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 is easily caught on the main surface 22a, the frictional force is increased, and the pen tip 2a is moderately hard to slip on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22. can be done.
- the fingertip 3 exhibits a behavior similar to that of the elastomer pen tip 2a described above. can be reduced, the fingertips 3 can be moderately slippery without feeling excessive roughness, and the touch feeling can be improved.
- the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 made of various materials (elastomer, polyacetal, conductive fiber, felt), It is possible to moderately suppress the slipping of the pen tip 2a on the main surface 22a, or moderately reduce the difficulty of slipping of the pen tip 2a on the main surface 22a, and improve the writing comfort with the input pen 2. can be made excellent. In addition, it is possible to make the fingertips 3 more comfortable to touch.
- the developed area ratio Sdr2 of the interface is 3 to 60%. is preferred.
- the above-mentioned “developed area ratio Sdr (Sdr2) of the interface” is a parameter defined by ISO25178 as well as the above-described arithmetic mean height Sa, and is a defined area assumed to be a completely flat surface (this embodiment is a parameter representing how much the actual surface area of the defined region increases with respect to the virtual area of a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m.
- this embodiment is a parameter representing how much the actual surface area of the defined region increases with respect to the virtual area of a square region with a side of 5 ⁇ m.
- the value of the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface is zero. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the value of the developed area ratio Sdr of the interface is 0.414. (about 40%). That is, the surface area of the defined region R2 is increased by about 40% compared to the surface area of the defined region R1.
- the developed area ratio Sdr2 of the interface on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is less than 3%, the second unevenness is relatively gently undulating.
- the pentip 2a of the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 become slippery, and there is a risk that the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3 will deteriorate.
- the expansion area ratio Sdr2 of the interface exceeds 60%, the second unevenness has a relatively large difference in height, so that an input operation is performed with the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 on the main surface 22a. In this case, the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 becomes less slippery, and the fingertip 3 feels excessively rough.
- the root-mean-square slope Sdq2 is preferably 2 to 80 when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m in the square region with one side of 5 ⁇ m.
- the above-mentioned "root-mean-square slope Sdq (Sdq2)” is a parameter defined by ISO 25178, similar to the above-described arithmetic mean height Sa and interface development area ratio Sdr, and is a defined region (in this embodiment, is a parameter calculated from the root mean square of the slopes at all points within a square area of 5 ⁇ m on a side).
- the value of the root-mean-square slope Sdq is zero.
- FIG. 6B when the actual surface of the defined region R2 is formed in a bellows shape with an inclination angle of 45°, the value of the root-mean-square inclination Sdq is 1.
- the tips of the second irregularities have a relatively gentle slope.
- the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 become slippery, and there is a risk that the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3 will deteriorate.
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 is 14 ⁇ m and the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 is 0.35 ⁇ m is 25 to 700 nm.
- the maximum height Sz2 in the square region with one side of 5 ⁇ m is preferably 10 to 400 nm when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 is 50 ⁇ m and the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 is 0.35 ⁇ m is 25 to 1500 nm.
- the cutoff value of the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 is 0.35 ⁇ m is 25 to 1500 nm.
- maximum height Sz (Sz2) is a parameter defined by ISO25178, like the above-described arithmetic mean height Sa, and is a parameter obtained by expanding the contour curve indicating the cross-sectional shape of the unevenness to the surface. .
- the unevenness on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 By configuring the unevenness on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 in this way, when performing an input operation with the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 on the main surface 22a, the first unevenness and the second unevenness are formed. Frictional force transmitted to the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 through the input pen 2 repeats moderate increases and decreases, thereby further improving the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3. be able to.
- the maximum peak height Sp2 when the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 is 2.5 ⁇ m in a square region with one side of 5 ⁇ m is more preferably 6 to 200 nm. .
- maximum peak height Sp (Sp2) is a parameter defined by ISO25178, like the above-described arithmetic mean height Sa and maximum height Sz, and is a parameter extended to Specifically, as described above, the maximum peak height Sp represents the height to the apex of the maximum peak Xa (MAX) with respect to the average plane Z on the main surface 22a of the glass member 22 .
- the second unevenness is a relatively gentle protrusion.
- the pen tip 2a and the fingertip 3 become slippery, and there is a risk that the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3 will be deteriorated.
- the maximum peak height Sp2 exceeds 200 nm
- the second unevenness becomes a relatively sharp protrusion.
- the pen tip 2a becomes less slippery, and the fingertip 3 feels excessively rough.
- the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3 are improved. , can be even better.
- the glass substrate 22 has a haze value representing the degree of cloudiness, which is an index related to transparency, from the viewpoint of visibility of the image when the image of the display element 10 is viewed through the glass substrate 22. is preferably less than 10% in the wavelength range (380 nm to 780 nm).
- the haze value of the glass substrate 22 is preferably less than 60% in the visible light wavelength range (380 nm to 780 nm).
- the upper limit of the haze value is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 55% or less, 50% or less, 45% or less, and less than 45%.
- the haze value of the glass substrate 22 is preferably more than 10%, more preferably 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more.
- the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is provided with an antireflection film for reducing the reflectance of the side with which the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 come into contact, and/or to prevent fingerprints from adhering, thereby improving water repellency and oil repellency.
- An antifouling film for application can be formed.
- the antireflection film is arranged at least on the main surface 22a on the front side of the glass substrate 22 (the side with which the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 come into contact). . Moreover, if there is a gap between the glass substrate 22 and the display element 10, it is preferable to dispose an antireflection film also on the main surface 22b on the back side of the glass substrate 22 (on the display element 10 side).
- the antireflection film for example, a low refractive index film having a lower refractive index than the glass substrate 22, or a low refractive index film having a relatively low refractive index and a high refractive index film having a relatively high refractive index are alternately laminated. dielectric multilayer film is used.
- the antireflection film can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like.
- the unevenness of the surface of the antireflection film is the above-mentioned surface roughness (the arithmetic average height Sa1 of the first unevenness, the average length of the roughness curve element RSm1, maximum height roughness Rz1, second unevenness arithmetic mean height Sa2, interface development area ratio Sdr2, root mean square inclination Sdq2, maximum height Sz2, and maximum peak height Sp2).
- the unevenness of the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is formed.
- the roughness of the principal surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is formed so that the haze value of the glass substrate 22 having the antireflection film is within the above range. be.
- the antifouling film is at least part of the main surface 22a on the front side of the glass substrate 22 (the side with which the input pen 2 and the fingertip 3 come into contact). (In this embodiment, it is arranged on the entire main surface 22a). Thereby, the glass member laminate 30 including the antifouling layer 23 made of an antifouling film and the glass substrate 22 can be obtained.
- the antifouling film preferably contains an organic silicon compound or a fluorine-containing polymer containing silicon in the chain.
- a fluorine-containing polymer for example, a polymer having a --Si--O--Si-- unit in the main chain and a water-repellent functional group containing fluorine in the side chain can be used.
- an antireflection film is formed on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22, and an antifouling film is formed on the antireflection film. is formed.
- the irregularities on the surface of the antifouling film correspond to the surface roughness described above.
- the unevenness of the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is formed so as to fall within the ranges of the mean square slope Sdq2, the maximum height Sz2, and the maximum peak height Sp2).
- the glass substrate 22 after forming the antifouling film has an antifouling film, or when the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 has an antireflection film and an antifouling film, the glass substrate 22 after forming the antifouling film.
- the roughness of the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is formed so that the haze value, or the haze value of the glass substrate 22 after forming the antireflection film and the antifouling film, falls within the range described above.
- FIG. 1 The manufacturing method of the glass member embodied by the present embodiment is a method of forming unevenness on at least one main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 described above, and as shown in FIG. It includes a first forming step S01 and a second forming step S02 that are performed in order.
- the first forming step S01 is a step of performing chemical etching treatment, silica coating treatment, or the like on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 to form the above-described first unevenness.
- the second forming step S02 is a step of performing wet blasting, sandblasting, or the like on the first unevenness formed in the first forming step S01 to form the second unevenness described above.
- the chemical etching process in the first forming step S01 is a hydrofluoric acid etching process for chemically etching the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 with hydrogen fluoride (HF) gas, hydrofluoric acid, or a mixed solution containing hydrofluoric acid. is. Also, it is preferable to perform wet blasting or sandblasting prior to chemical etching. By performing chemical etching after wet blasting or sandblasting, it is possible to increase the size of unevenness (first unevenness) formed after chemical etching.
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- the first unevenness is formed by chemical etching after performing wet blasting or sandblasting
- the first unevenness is formed only by wet blasting or sandblasting. Since it is sufficient to form slight unevenness, the glass substrate 22 is less likely to be damaged such as broken. Also, if chemical etching is performed after pre-forming irregularities by wet blasting or sandblasting, random and highly uniform irregularities can be easily obtained on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22.
- the surface roughness of the first unevenness formed on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is various conditions in the wet blasting and sandblasting, such as the particle size distribution of the abrasive grains contained in the slurry, and the injection pressure adjustment when the slurry is injected to the work.
- it can be adjusted by various conditions in the chemical etching process, ie, the etching process time, the concentration of the processing solution, and the like.
- the silica coating treatment is a treatment in which a coating agent containing a matrix precursor such as a silica precursor and a liquid medium for dissolving the matrix precursor is applied to the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 and heated.
- abrasive grains composed of solid particles such as alumina and a liquid such as water are uniformly stirred to form a slurry on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22.
- This is a process for forming the second unevenness on the main surface 22a by ejecting a substance from an ejection nozzle at high speed using compressed air.
- the surface of the main surface 22a is scraped, hit, or rubbed by the abrasive grains in the slurry.
- the second unevenness is formed on the surface of the main surface 22a.
- the abrasive grains sprayed onto the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 and the fragments of the main surface 22a scraped by the abrasive grains are washed away by the liquid sprayed together with the abrasive grains. Fewer particles remain on the surface 22a.
- the surface roughness of the second unevenness formed on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 by the wet blasting (arithmetic mean height Sa2, interface expansion area ratio Sdr2, root mean square slope Sdq2, maximum height Sz2 , and the maximum peak height Sp2) can be adjusted mainly by the particle size distribution of the abrasive grains contained in the slurry and the injection pressure when the slurry is injected onto the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22.
- the liquid carries the abrasive grains to the main surface 22a.
- the impact of the abrasive grains colliding with the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 becomes smaller, and precise processing can be performed.
- the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 having moderate first unevenness is subjected to wet blasting, thereby forming moderate second unevenness on the main surface 22a. It is possible to improve the writing comfort with the input pen 2 and the touch comfort with the fingertip 3 without impairing the transparency of the glass substrate 22 . It is also possible to form the second unevenness on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 by performing a dry sandblasting process.
- the method for manufacturing a glass member embodied by the present embodiment includes the first forming step S01 of performing hydrofluoric acid etching on the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 to form the first unevenness, and a second forming step S02 of performing wet blasting or sandblasting on the first unevenness formed in the first forming step S01 to form second unevenness.
- the glass member manufacturing method of the present embodiment when an input operation is performed with the input pen 2 on the main surface 22a, the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 does not excessively slip. Moreover, it is possible to manufacture the glass substrate 22 which is excellent in writing comfort with the input pen 2 without becoming slippery. In addition, when an input operation is performed with the fingertip 3 on the main surface 22a, the glass substrate 22 can be manufactured with excellent touch feeling with the fingertip 3 without feeling excessive roughness.
- Portable car navigation systems broadcast receivers such as portable radios, portable televisions, and one-segment receivers, information terminals such as digital cameras, video cameras, portable music players, sound recorders, portable DVD players, portable game machines, notebooks Examples include personal computers, tablet PCs, electronic dictionaries, electronic notebooks, electronic book readers, portable printers, and portable scanners.
- Examples include vacuum cleaners, microwave ovens, microwave ovens, toaster ovens, air purifiers, dishwashers/dryers, electric pots, and electric kettles.
- an exterior glass member 100 on the outer peripheral surface 103a of the container 103 for the purpose of making it less slippery and improving the feel when held by hand. be.
- examples of the glass substrate 22 in which two types of large and small irregularities consisting of the first irregularities and the second irregularities are formed on one main surface 22a are shown in FIG. 1 to Table 8 are used for detailed description.
- the examples of the glass substrate 22 shown below are examples of the glass member according to the present invention, and are not limited thereto.
- samples 1 to 19, 26 and 27 were prepared as examples of the glass substrate 22, and samples 20 to 25 were prepared as comparative examples for these examples.
- the material of the glass substrate 22 in these samples 1 to 27 alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass with a thickness of 0.55 mm was used.
- Tables A1 to A5 show the manufacturing conditions for each of the glass substrates 22.
- a first forming step S01 (see FIG. 7) comprising two steps (a first step and a second step to be described later). ) to produce the first unevenness (hereinafter referred to as “unevenness A” as appropriate), and then the second unevenness (hereinafter referred to as , appropriately described as “unevenness B”) on the unevenness A, the unevenness composed of the unevenness A and the unevenness B was formed.
- the unevenness A was formed by a first step and a second step which were sequentially performed over time.
- 10 to 13 vol % of abrasive grains made of alumina having a grain size of #320 to #8000 and pure water are uniformly stirred to prepare a slurry, and one main surface 22a of each glass substrate 22 is prepared.
- the nozzle is scanned while moving at a processing speed of 5 to 10 mm / s, and the slurry prepared from the nozzle is sprayed using air at a processing pressure of 0.1 to 0.25 MPa.
- Preliminary unevenness Aa was formed by blasting.
- the glass substrate 22 having the preliminary unevenness Aa formed on the main surface 22a in the first step is treated with 2 to 5 wt% hydrofluoric acid, 0 to 50 wt% sulfuric acid, and
- the final unevenness A was formed from the preliminary unevenness Aa by immersing it in an etching solution containing 48 to 95 wt% pure water and leaving it for 5 to 30 minutes at a liquid temperature of 30°C.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A finally formed by increasing the particle size of alumina, the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A finally formed, the mean length RSm1 of the roughness curve element, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 can be increased. Further, by increasing the processing pressure of the air ejected from the nozzle, the values of the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A finally formed, the mean length RSm1 of the roughness curve element, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 are You can make it bigger.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A finally formed can be reduced.
- the standing time in the etching process it is possible to increase the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve elements of the unevenness A finally formed.
- the unevenness B was formed by the third step.
- 3 to 13 vol % of abrasive grains made of alumina having a particle size of #2000 to #8000 are applied to the main surface 22a having the unevenness A formed by the first and second steps described above. and a slurry prepared by uniformly stirring pure water is scanned while moving the nozzle at a processing speed of 0.1 to 10 mm / s, and using air at a processing pressure of 0.1 to 0.25 MPa.
- the unevenness B was formed on the unevenness A by performing a wet blasting process in which the prepared slurry was sprayed from the nozzle.
- the shape of the abrasive grains polygonal abrasive grains were used.
- the finally formed unevenness B has an arithmetic mean height Sa2, an interface development area ratio Sdr2, a root mean square slope Sdq2, and a maximum height Sz2.
- the maximum peak height Sp2 can be increased.
- the processing pressure of the air ejected from the nozzle the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of the unevenness B finally formed, the expansion area ratio Sdr2 of the interface, the root-mean-square slope Sdq2, the maximum height Sz2, and the maximum The value of the peak height Sp2 can be increased.
- One main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 of the comparative example 20 was not treated. That is, the glass substrate 22 of the sample 20 is untreated.
- the liquid containing the SiO2 component was applied by spraying onto one main surface 22a, and the applied liquid containing the SiO2 component was dried.
- a SiO 2 coating film was formed on the main surface 22a. That is, in sample 25, the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 was coated with SiO 2 .
- one main surface 22a is coated with a resin coating layer having through-holes at intervals of 50 ⁇ m, and wet blasting is performed from above to remove the resin.
- the unevenness A and the unevenness B were simultaneously formed by utilizing the difference in processing rate between the coated portion and the non-resin coated portion. After processing was completed, the resin coat layer was removed with acetone.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element, and the maximum height roughness Rz1.
- ⁇ Measurement A-1> Regarding the measurement conditions of unevenness A, a 50x objective lens and a 2x zoom lens were used, the number of camera pixels was 640x480, and the number of integrations was 10 for a measurement area of 74x55 ⁇ m. . Further, when measuring the arithmetic mean height Sa1 in the unevenness A, the mean length RSm1 of the roughness curve element, and the maximum height roughness Rz1, the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 cutoff value is set to 14 ⁇ m, and the low-pass The cutoff value of filter ⁇ s1 was set to 0.35 ⁇ m.
- the measurement area is performed in the same manner as described above, the high-pass filter ⁇ c1 cutoff value is set to 50 ⁇ m, the low-pass filter ⁇ s1 cutoff value is set to 0.35 ⁇ m, and arithmetic in the unevenness A
- the average height Sa1, the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 were measured.
- the parameters of the surface roughness to be measured in the unevenness B are the arithmetic mean height Sa2, the interface expansion area ratio Sdr2, the root mean square slope Sdq2, the maximum height Sz2, and the maximum peak height Sp2.
- a force microscope (AFM) was used to measure these parameters.
- Bruker's atomic force microscope Dimension Icon (SPM unit) and Nano Scope V (controller unit) were used, and the measurement was carried out based on ISO 25178.
- the tapping mode was used, the scan rate was 1 Hz, and the number of acquired data was 512 ⁇ 512 for a measurement area of 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m. Then, based on the acquired data, each parameter of the surface roughness described above was measured within a square area of 5 ⁇ m on a side. Also, the cutoff value of the high-pass filter ⁇ c2 was set to 2.5 ⁇ m, and the analysis was performed.
- Tables 1 to 8 show the measurement results of the surface roughness of Samples 1 to 27 measured by the measurement method described above.
- Samples 20 to 25 which are comparative examples, the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the irregularities A of the untreated sample 20 is 0.1 nm, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 is 0.8 nm. , and the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element was 0.9 ⁇ m, and these numerical values were all significantly smaller than those of Samples 1 to 19 of Examples.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A was a numerical value within the range of 10.7 to 36.7 nm, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 51.0 to 36.7 nm.
- the numerical value was within the range of 211.5 nm, and the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element was within the range of 4.7 to 10.8 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 obtained by the method for measuring the unevenness A described above was 2.3 nm
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 24.8 nm
- the average length RSm1 of the curvilinear elements was 1.9 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A was 71.6 nm
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 595.7 nm
- the mean length of the roughness curve element RSm1 was 6.5 ⁇ m.
- samples 20 to 25 which are comparative examples, the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A of the untreated sample 20 was 0.1 nm, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 0.9 nm. , and the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element was 1.4 ⁇ m, and these numerical values were all considerably small values compared to Samples 1 to 19 of Examples.
- the arithmetic average height Sa1 of the unevenness A was a numerical value within the range of 14.0 to 38.0 nm, and the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 78.8 to 78.8 nm.
- the numerical value was within the range of 236.5 nm, and the average length RSm1 of the roughness curve element was within the range of 5.1 to 9.2 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 obtained by the method for measuring the unevenness A described above was 2.8 nm
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 26.7 nm
- the average length RSm1 of the curvilinear elements was 1.9 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa1 of the unevenness A was 118.3 nm
- the maximum height roughness Rz1 was 716.3 nm
- the mean length of the roughness curve element RSm1 was 11.6 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of the unevenness B was a numerical value within the range of 4.9 to 30.7 nm. rice field.
- samples 20 to 25 which are comparative examples, the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of untreated sample 20 is 0.2 nm, and the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 0. .5 to 0.6 nm, the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of sample 24 having only unevenness B is 4.7 nm, and the arithmetic mean height Sa2 of sample 25 with SiO 2 coating is 0 0.6 nm.
- the maximum height Sz2 of the unevenness B was within the range of 87.5 to 283.0 nm.
- the maximum height Sz2 of untreated sample 20 is 1.4 nm
- the maximum height Sz2 of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 6.4 nm.
- the maximum height Sz2 of sample 25 with SiO 2 coating is 7.6 nm. All of them were considerably small values.
- the arithmetic mean height Sz2 of the sample 24 having only the unevenness B was 79.5 nm.
- the maximum peak height Sp2 of the unevenness B was within the range of 28.1 to 106.0 nm.
- samples 20 to 25, which are comparative examples the maximum peak height Sp2 of untreated sample 20 is 0.7 nm, and the maximum peak height Sp2 of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 3.6. 5.1 nm, and the maximum peak height Sp2 of sample 25 coated with SiO 2 is 4.8 nm. All of them were considerably small values. Note that the maximum peak height Sp2 of the sample 24 having only the unevenness B was 34.5 nm.
- the root-mean-square slope Sdq2 of the unevenness B was a numerical value within the range of 16.8 to 43.7.
- samples 20 to 27, which are comparative examples the root mean square slope Sdq2 of untreated sample 20 is 0.5, and the root mean square slope Sdq2 of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 2. .2 to 3.3, the root mean square slope Sdq2 of sample 24 having only unevenness B is 15.7, and the root mean square slope Sdq2 of sample 25 with SiO 2 coating is 2. 0.8, and these numerical values were all small values compared to Samples 1 to 19 of Examples.
- the developed area ratio Sdr2 of the interface in the unevenness B was a numerical value within the range of 4.4 to 37.8.
- the interface development area ratio Sdr2 of untreated sample 20 is 0.005
- the interface development area ratio Sdr2 of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 0.005.
- the developed area ratio Sdr2 of the interface of sample 24 having only unevenness B is 4.2
- the ratio Sdr2 was 0.2, and these numerical values were all small values compared to Samples 1 to 15 of Examples.
- Samples 1 to 19, 26 and 27 of Examples had haze values within the range of 1.2 to 49.8.
- samples 20 to 25 which are comparative examples, the haze value of untreated sample 20 is extremely low and cannot be measured, and the haze value of samples 21 to 23 having only unevenness A is 0.9. 9.6, the haze value of sample 24 having only unevenness B was 0.4, and the haze value of sample 25 with SiO 2 coating was 47.6.
- the evaluation criteria of four stages that is, "good writing comfort: ⁇ ”, “relatively good writing comfort: ⁇ ”, “relatively poor writing comfort: ⁇ ”, and "writing comfort It was decided to set four criteria consisting of "bad: ⁇ " for evaluation.
- Tables 1 to 8 similarly described above show the results of evaluating the writing comfort of Samples 1 to 27.
- samples 1 to 27 were evaluated for their tactile sensation with the fingertip 3 by sensory evaluation.
- each glass substrate 22 was placed on a desk with the main surface 22a facing upward, and the touch feeling when the fingertip 3 of the index finger was slid multiple times on the main surface 22a was evaluated. bottom.
- the index finger was wiped with ethanol before evaluation of each sample, and the evaluation was started after one minute.
- Tables 1 to 8 similarly described above show the evaluation results of touch feeling performed on Samples 1 to 27.
- the evaluation result for the untreated sample 20 is "I'm worried about the reflection: ⁇ "
- the evaluation result for the samples 21 to 23 having only the unevenness A is " Reflection can be seen, but it does not bother me: ⁇ ” or “I am concerned about reflection: ⁇ ”.
- the evaluation result for the sample 25 with SiO 2 coating was "I don't mind reflection at all: ⁇ ".
- Sample 20 which is an untreated comparative example
- the irregularities formed on the main surface 22a with which the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 is in contact are small, and the elastomer pen tip 2a is very difficult to slip.
- the result of the comfort evaluation was poor.
- the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a with which the fingertip 3 contacts is small, and the fingertip 3 is very difficult to slip, so the evaluation result of the tactile feeling was poor.
- the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a was small, so the visibility was good, but the evaluation result of reflection was poor.
- Samples 21 to 23 which are comparative examples having only unevenness A (first unevenness), the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a with which the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 contacts is large, and the elastomer pen tip 2a is very uneven. The result of the evaluation of writing comfort was poor. Further, in the samples 21 to 23 of the comparative examples having only the unevenness A (first unevenness), the unevenness formed on the principal surface 22a with which the fingertip 3 is in contact is large, and the contact between the fingertip 3 and the principal surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is large. Since the contact area between the surfaces was not sufficiently reduced, the fingertip 3 became very difficult to slip, and the evaluation result of the tactile feeling was poor.
- Samples 21 to 23 which are comparative examples having only unevenness A (first unevenness), the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a was large, and the visibility was good, but the evaluation result of reflection was good. or was bad.
- Sample 24 which is a comparative example having only unevenness B (second unevenness)
- the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a with which the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 contacts is small, and the elastomer pen tip 2a is slightly slippery.
- the contact area was not sufficiently reduced due to the lack of unevenness A (first unevenness)
- the fingertip 3 was still difficult to slip, and the evaluation result of writing comfort was poor.
- Sample 24 which is a comparative example having only unevenness B (second unevenness), there was no unevenness A (first unevenness), visibility was good, and the evaluation result of reflection was poor.
- Sample 25 which is a comparative example with SiO 2 coating
- the main surface 22a with which the pen tip 2a of the input pen 2 is in contact has large irregularities, and the elastomer pen tip 2a is very difficult to slip.
- the evaluation result of writing comfort was poor.
- the unevenness formed on the main surface 22a with which the fingertip 3 contacts is large, and the contact area between the fingertip 3 and the main surface 22a of the glass substrate 22 is reduced. is not sufficient, the fingertip 3 becomes very difficult to slip, and the evaluation result of the feeling of touch is poor.
- Sample 25 which is a comparative example in which SiO 2 coating was applied, the irregularities formed on the main surface 22a were large, the visibility was poor, and the evaluation result of reflection was good.
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Abstract
Description
このような入力装置においては、液晶ディスプレイ等によるディスプレイ装置の前面側(正面側)に、ガラス基板等の透明なガラス部材からなるカバー部材が配置されており、当該カバー部材の表面(主面)に対して、入力ペンや指先を接触及び移動させることで、様々な入力操作を行うことができる構成となっている。
ここで一般的に、上記カバー部材の表面においては、例えば、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感の向上や、上記カバー部材を介したディスプレイ装置の視認性の確保などを目的とする、凹凸が予め付与されている。
また、近年においては、このような触感に対して、より質の高いものを求める要望が、増々高くなっている。
また、特許文献2においては、ヘイズ値が1%未満であり、マルテンス硬さが2000~4000N/mm2の範囲である微細な凹凸を有した、ペン入力装置用のカバーガラスが開示されている。
また、ヘイズ値が高く、当該表面を通してディスプレイ装置の画面が白っぽく見えるため、十分な視認性を維持することも困難である。
また、前記特許文献2におけるカバーガラスにおいては、表面に形成される微細な凹凸によってヘイズ値が抑えられていることから、十分な視認性を確保し得るものの、このような一様な凹凸では、入力ペンや指先を接触及び移動させる際に生じる摩擦力が強くなり過ぎ、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感が悪くなる虞がある。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、主面に対して入力ペンによる入力操作を行う場合、入力ペンのペン先が過剰に滑り難く、且つ滑り易くなることもなく、入力ペンによる書き心地を優れたものとすることができる。
また、主面に対して指先による操作を行う場合、過剰なザラツキ感を感じることもなく、指先による触り心地を優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、主面に対して入力ペン及び指先による入力操作を行う場合、第一の凹凸及び第二の凹凸を介して、入力ペンのペン先及び指先に伝わる摩擦力は、適度に増加及び減少を繰り返すこととなり、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、さらに優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、主面に対して入力ペンによる入力操作を行う場合、入力ペンのペン先が過剰に滑り難く、且つ滑り易くなることもなく、入力ペンによる書き心地を優れたものとすることができる。
また、主面に対して指先による操作を行う場合、過剰なザラツキ感を感じることもなく、指先による触り心地を優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、主面に対して入力ペン及び指先による入力操作を行う場合、入力ペンのペン先及び指先に伝わる摩擦力は、適度に増加及び減少を繰り返すこととなり、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、さらに優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、より優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、より優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、主面に対して入力ペン及び指先による入力操作を行う場合、第一の凹凸及び第二の凹凸を介して、入力ペンのペン先及び指先に伝わる摩擦力は、適度に増加及び減少を繰り返すこととなり、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、さらに優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材によれば、入力ペンによる書き心地、及び指先による触り心地を、さらに優れたものとすることができる。
このような構成を有することにより、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感に優れており、且つ防汚機能を有したガラス部材積層体を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた入力装置、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した入力装置を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた入力表示装置、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した入力表示装置を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた外装用ガラス部材、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した外装用ガラス部材を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた筐体、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した筐体を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた扉体、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した扉体を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、指先による触り心地などの触感に優れた容器、或いはさらに防汚機能も有した容器を実現することができる。
このような構成を有することにより、本発明に係るガラス部材の製造方法によれば、主面に対して入力ペンによる入力操作を行う場合、入力ペンのペン先が過剰に滑り難く、且つ滑り易くなることもなく、入力ペンによる書き心地の優れたガラス部材を製造することができる。
また、主面に対して指先による入力操作を行う場合、過剰なザラツキ感を感じることもなく、指先による触り心地の優れたガラス部材を製造することができる。
即ち、本発明に係るガラス部材、及び当該ガラス部材を備えるガラス部材積層体、入力装置、入力表示装置、外装用ガラス部材、筐体、扉体、容器、並びに当該ガラス部材の製造方法によれば、入力ペンによる書き心地や指先による触り心地などの触感を、優れたものとすることができる。
先ず、本実施形態によって具現化される入力表示装置1の全体構成について、図1を用いて説明する。
入力表示装置1は、主に、映像を表示するディスプレイ装置の一例であるディスプレイ素子10、及び入力ペン2や指先3によって文字及び図形等の情報が入力される入力装置20などを備える。
また、入力装置20は、上記情報(より具体的には、入力ペン2や指先3の入力位置)を検出する検出回路の一例であるデジタイザ回路21、及びガラス部材の一例であってカバー部材として設けられるガラス基板22などを備える。
また、図9に示すように、ディスプレイ素子10の正面側にデジタイザ回路21及びガラス基板22が配置されていてもよいし、デジタイザ回路21がディスプレイ素子10と一体になった内蔵型としてもよい。なお、デジタイザ回路21は、入力装置20に1つ備えられていてもよいし、2つ以上備えられていてもよい。
本実施形態においては、例えば、ディスプレイ素子10の「正面側」は、図1中における紙面上方側となり、ディスプレイ素子10の「背面側」は、図1中における紙面下方側となる。
このような入力表示装置1の例示としては、例えばタブレット端末が挙げられる。
また、ガラス基板22は、凹凸が形成された主面22aが、入力ペン2または指先3が接触する側の面となるように配置されている。
また、アルカリ含有アルミノシリケートガラスからなるガラス板によって、ガラス基板22が構成される場合、当該ガラス基板22は、表面に化学強化層を有していても良い。
なお、ガラス基板22の詳細については後述する。
ここで、入力ペン2は、鉛筆やボールペンなどの筆記具に似た形状の入力器具であり、ガラス基板22と接触する摩擦子の一例であるペン先2aを有し、当該ペン先2aが、エラストマー、ポリアセタール樹脂などの合成樹脂材、または導電性繊維、フェルトなどで構成されている。
従って、入力ペン2のペン先2aを、凹凸が形成されたガラス基板22の主面22aに接触させて移動させた場合、特に優れた書き心地を実現することができる。
次に、ガラス基板22の構成について、図1乃至図6を用いて詳細に説明する。
前述したように、ガラス基板22は、本発明に係るガラス部材の一例であって、図1に示すように、凹凸からなる主面22aを備える。
第一の凹凸は、算術平均高さSa1が2~500nm、且つ粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1が2~100μmである。
また、第二の凹凸は、算術平均高さSa2が0.7~50nmであり、好ましくは0.8nm以上、0.9nm以上、1.0nm以上、1.5nm以上、2.0nm以上、2.5nm以上、である。
具体的には、図3(a)に示すように、算術平均高さSaは、ガラス部材22の主面22aにおける平均面Zに対して、凹凸を構成する第一の凹凸または第二の凹凸の各点の離間距離(例えば、山部Xaの頂点までの高さXh、及び谷部Yaの頂点までの深さYh)の絶対値の平均を表す(Sa=((Xh1+Xh2+・・・+Xhn)+(Yh1+Yh2+・・・+Yhn))/2n)。
具体的には、図3(b)に示すように、第一の凹凸の断面形状を示す輪郭曲線は、連続する複数の起伏曲線22a1・22a1・・・によって形成され、各起伏曲線22a1は、互いに隣り合う山部Xb及び谷部Ybによって構成される。
また、主面22aに対して指先3による入力操作を行う場合、過剰なザラツキ感を感じることもなく、指先3による触り心地を優れたものとすることができる。
さらに、本実施形態においては、ガラス基板22の主面22aに樹脂層等が形成されておらず、当該主面22aに対して直接的に凹凸形状が形成されているため、耐傷性が高く、傷が付き難いことから、ディスプレイ素子10の視認性を低下させることがない。
即ち、入力ペン2のペン先2aや指先3は、ガラス基板22の主面22aに対して、主に、第一の凹凸における凸部と接触し、当該凹凸の凹部とは接触し難い。
つまり、第一の凹凸が、上述した条件の範囲内にて形成されていることにより、ガラス基板22の主面22aと、入力ペン2や指先3との接触面積の低減を図ることができる。
従って、これらのペン先2aや指先3と、ガラス基板22の主面22aとの間において、摩擦力の過度な増加、または過度な減少を防止することができ、入力ペン2による書き心地や指先3による触り心地などの触感を、優れたものにすることができる。
また、本実施形態においては、第一の凹凸における粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1の下限値が2μmに設定されているが、当該下限値は、2.5μmに設定されるのが好ましく、3μmに設定されるのがより好ましく、3.5μmに設定されるのがさらに好ましく、4μm、4μm超、4.5μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、及び9μmに設定されるのが特に好ましく、10μmに設定されるのが最も好ましい。
即ち、第一の凹凸における各凸部の高さについては、上述したように、算術平均高さSa1によって平均値が規定されているものの、その値は各々ランダムな値となる。
一方、ガラス基板22の主面22aと接触する入力ペン2のペン先2aや指先3の接触面は、当該主面22aに向かって凸状の曲面からなる。
その結果、これら入力ペン2のペン先2aや指先3と、第一の凹凸との摩擦力が増加し、入力ペン2による書き心地や指先3による触り心地などの触感を低減させる虞がある。
また、上記摩擦力の寄与は、ペン先2aの材質によって変化する。
そこで、ガラス基板22の主面22aに第二の凹凸を付与することにより、当該主面22aと、入力ペン2のペン先2aとの接触面積の低減を図ることができ、ガラス基板22の主面22aに対して、ペン先2aを適度に滑り易くすることができる。
なお、エラストマー製のペン先2aとして、熱硬化性エラストマー及び熱可塑性エラストマーがある。熱硬化性エラストマーとしては、例えばシリコン系があり、熱可塑性エラストマーとしては、スチレン系、オレフィン系、ポリエステル系、ポリウレタン系、塩ビ系、ポリアミド系などがある。
そこで、ガラス基板22の主面22aに第二の凹凸を付与することにより、当該主面22aに対して、入力ペン2のペン先2aが引掛り易くなり、摩擦力が増加し、ガラス基板22の主面22aに対して、ペン先2aを適度に滑り難くすることができる。
また、指先3による触り心地を優れたものにすることができる。
例えば、図6(a)に示すように、上記定義領域R1の実際の表面が完全な平坦面である場合、界面の展開面積比Sdrの値は0となる。
また、図6(b)に示すように、上記定義領域R2の実際の表面が、45°の傾斜角からなる蛇腹状に形成されている場合、界面の展開面積比Sdrの値は0.414(約40%)となる。つまり、定義領域R2の表面積は、定義領域R1の表面積に比べて約40%増加している。
例えば、図6(a)に示すように、上記定義領域R1の実際の表面が完全な平坦面である場合、二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdqの値は0となる。
また、図6(b)に示すように、上記定義領域R2の実際の表面が、45°の傾斜角からなる蛇腹状に形成されている場合、二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdqの値は1となる。
また、上記第二の凹凸において、一辺が5μmの正方形の領域における、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときの最大高さSz2は、10~400nmであることが好ましい。
具体的には、図3(b)に示すように、最大高さ粗さRzは、最大山部Xb(MAX)の頂点までの高さRp、及び最大谷部Yb(MAX)の頂点までの深さRvの絶対値の和を表す(Rz=Rp+Rv)。
具体的には、図3(a)に示すように、最大高さSzは、ガラス部材22の主面22aにおける平均面Zに対して、最大山部Xa(MAX)の頂点までの高さSp、及び最大谷部Ya(MAX)の頂点までの深さSvの絶対値の和を表す(Sz=Sp+Sv)。
具体的には、上述したように、最大山高さSpは、ガラス部材22の主面22aにおける平均面Zに対して、最大山部Xa(MAX)の頂点までの高さを表す。
ガラス基板22のヘイズ値を10%未満とすることで、ガラス基板22の透明度を保持することができ、ディスプレイ素子10の視認性を保持することができる。
また、反射防止の観点からは、ガラス基板22のヘイズ値が、可視光の波長域(380nm~780nm)において60%未満となることが好ましい。
ヘイズ値の上限値は、好ましくは60%以下、より好ましくは55%以下、50%以下、45%以下、45%未満である。
ガラス基板22のヘイズ値を60%未満とすることで、ガラス基板22の透明度を一定確保することができ、ディスプレイ素子10の視認性を一定保持することができる。
また、この場合、ヘイズ値の下限値は、好ましくは10%超であり、より好ましくは15%以上、20%以上、25%以上、30%以上、35%以上である。
また、ガラス基板22とディスプレイ素子10との間に隙間がある場合には、ガラス基板22の裏側(ディスプレイ素子10側)の主面22bにも反射防止膜を配置することが好ましい。
反射防止膜は、スパッタリング法、またはCVD法などにより形成することができる。
また、ガラス基板22の主面22aに反射防止膜を有する場合、反射防止膜を有するガラス基板22のヘイズ値が、上述の範囲となるように、ガラス基板22の主面22aの凹凸が形成される。
これにより、防汚膜からなる防汚層23とガラス基板22とを備えるガラス部材積層体30を得ることができる。
含フッ素重合体としては、例えば、主鎖中に、-Si-O-Si-ユニットを有し、且つ、フッ素を含む撥水性の官能基を側鎖に有する重合体を用いることができる。
また、ガラス基板22の主面22aに防汚膜を有する場合、またはガラス基板22の主面22aに反射防止膜と防汚膜とを有する場合、防汚膜を形成した後のガラス基板22のヘイズ値、または反射防止膜と防汚膜とを形成した後のガラス基板22のヘイズ値が、上述の範囲となるように、ガラス基板22の主面22aの凹凸が形成される。
次に、ガラス部材の製造方法について、図1及び図7を用いて説明する。
本実施形態によって具現化されるガラス部材の製造方法は、前述したガラス基板22の少なくとも一方の主面22aに、凹凸を形成する方法であって、図7に示すように、主に経時的に順に実施される第一形成工程S01と第二形成工程S02とを備える。
また、第二形成工程S02は、上記第一形成工程S01によって形成された第一の凹凸に対して、ウェットブラスト処理、サンドブラスト処理等を施し、前述した第二の凹凸を形成する工程である。
また、化学エッチング処理に先立って、ウェットブラスト処理やサンドブラスト処理を施すことが好ましい。ウェットブラスト処理やサンドブラスト処理を施した後に化学エッチング処理を行うことで、化学エッチング処理後に形成される凹凸(第一の凹凸)のサイズを大きくすることができる。
また、ウェットブラスト処理やサンドブラスト処理を行うことで予め凹凸形成を施した後に化学エッチング処理を行うと、ガラス基板22の主面22aに対して、ランダムで均一性が高い凹凸形状を得やすくなる。
このように、ウェットブラス処理やサンドブラスト処理を施した後に化学エッチング処理を行う場合、細やかに製造条件を変更できるため、求められる凹凸形状を形成しやすく、ひいては、凹凸の間隔、高さ等のパラメータの制御性が向上する。
この場合、ガラス基板22の主面22aに噴射された砥粒や、砥粒により削られた当該主面22aの破片は、当該砥粒とともに噴射された液体によって洗い流されるため、ガラス基板22の主面22aに残留する粒子が少なくなる。
なお、乾式のサンドブラスト処理を施すことにより、ガラス基板22の主面22aに第二の凹凸を形成することも可能である。
また、主面22aに対して指先3による入力操作を行う場合、過剰なザラツキ感を感じることもなく、指先3による触り心地の優れたガラス基板22を製造することができる。
ところで図8において、本実施形態におけるガラス基板22、または当該ガラス基板22と防汚層23とを備えるガラス部材積層体30については、主に指先3による触り心地が向上する点に着目し、電子機器の外装を構成する外装用ガラス部材100として用いることが可能である。
具体的には、電子機器の筐体101または扉体102として外装用ガラス部材100を用いることが可能である。
なお、以下に示すガラス基板22の実施例については、本発明に係るガラス部材の一例であって、これに限定されるものではない。
先ず始めに、ガラス基板22の実施例として試料1~19、26、27を各々作製し、これらの実施例に対する比較例として試料20~25を各々作製した。
なお、これらの試料1~27におけるガラス基板22の素材としては、厚さが0.55mmのアルカリ含有アルミノシリケートガラスを使用することとした。
凹凸Aは、経時的に順に実施する第一の工程、及び第二の工程によって形成した。
第一の工程においては、粒度が♯320~♯8000のアルミナからなる砥粒10~13vol%と、純水とを均一に攪拌してスラリーを調製し、各ガラス基板22の一方の主面22aの全体に対して、処理速度5~10mm/sの速度にてノズルを移動させながら走査させ、処理圧力0.1~0.25MPaのエアを用いて、当該ノズルから調製したスラリーを噴射するウェットブラスト処理を施すことにより、予備凹凸Aaを形成した。
また、第二の工程においては、上記第一の工程によって、主面22aに予備凹凸Aaが形成されたガラス基板22を、2~5wt%のフッ化水素酸、0~50wt%の硫酸、及び48~95wt%の純水からなるエッチング液に浸漬させ、液温30℃で5~30分間放置することでエッチング処理を行うことで、当該予備凹凸Aaから最終的な凹凸Aを形成した。
また、ノズルから噴出するエアの処理圧力を上げることで、最終的に形成される凹凸Aの算術平均高さSa1、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1、及び最大高さ粗さRz1の値を大きくすることができる。
一方、ノズルの処理速度を上げることで、最終的に形成される凹凸Aの算術平均高さSa1、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1、及び最大高さ粗さRz1の値を小さくすることができる。
一方、エッチング処理における放置時間を長くすることで、最終的に形成される凹凸Aの粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1を大きくすることができる。
凹凸Bは、第三の工程によって形成した。
第三の工程においては、上述した第一の工程及び第二の工程によって形成された凹凸Aを有する主面22aに対して、粒度が♯2000~♯8000のアルミナからなる砥粒3~13vol%と、純水とを均一に攪拌して調製したスラリーを、処理速度0.1~10mm/sの速度にてノズルを移動させながら走査させ、処理圧力0.1~0.25MPaのエアを用いて、当該ノズルから調製したスラリーを噴射するウェットブラスト処理を施すことにより、上記凹凸A上に凹凸Bを形成した。
また、上記砥粒の形状としては、多角形状を有する砥粒を用いることとした。
また、ノズルから噴出するエアの処理圧力を上げることで、最終的に形成される凹凸Bの算術平均高さSa2、界面の展開面積比Sdr2、二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2、最大高さSz2、及び最大山高さSp2の値を大きくすることができる。
一方、ノズルの処理速度を上げることで、最終的に形成される凹凸Bの算術平均高さSa2、界面の展開面積比Sdr2、二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2、最大高さSz2、及び最大山高さSp2の値を小さくすることができる。
つまり、試料20のガラス基板22は、未処理である。
つまり、試料21~23においては、ガラス基板22の主面22aに凹凸Aのみが形成されている。
つまり、試料24においては、ガラス基板22の主面22aに凹凸Bのみが形成されている。
つまり、試料25においては、ガラス基板22の主面22aにSiO2コーティングを施した。
次に、上述した試料1~27の各ガラス基板22に対して、主面22aの表面粗さを測定した。
表面粗さの測定は、試料1~19については凹凸A及び凹凸Bを有する主面22aに対して行い、試料20については一方の主面22aに対して行い、試料21~23については凹凸Aのみを有する主面22aに対して行い、試料24については凹凸Bのみを有する主面に対して行い、試料25についてはSiO2コーティングを施した主面に対して行い、試料26~27については凹凸A及び凹凸Bを有する主面22aに対して行った。
なお、上記白色干渉顕微鏡については、Zygo社製の白色干渉顕微鏡New View 7300を用いることとした。
凹凸Aの測定条件については、対物レンズ50倍、ズームレンズ2倍を使用し、測定エリア74×55μmの領域に対して、カメラ画素数が640×480、積算回数10回となるように実施した。
また、凹凸Aにおける算術平均高さSa1、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1、及び最大高さ粗さRz1を測定する際の、高域フィルタλc1カットオフ値は、14μmに設定し、低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値は、0.35μmに設定した。
また、更に、測定領域については上記と同様に実施し、高域フィルタλc1カットオフ値を、50μmに設定し、低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値は、0.35μmに設定し、凹凸Aにおける算術平均高さSa1、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1、及び最大高さ粗さRz1を測定した。
なお、上記原子間力顕微鏡については、Bruker社製の原子間力顕微鏡Dimension Icon(SPM unit)及びNano Scope V(Controller unit)を用いることとし、ISO 25178に基づき測定を実施した。
その後、得られた取得データに基づき、一辺が5μmの正方形の領域内を対象として、上述した表面粗さの各パラメータについて測定することとした。
また、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmに設定し、解析を行った。
以上に示した測定方法によって測定された、試料1~27における表面粗さの測定結果を、表1乃至表8によって示す。
表1乃至表8に示すように、実施例である試料1~19、26、27については、凹凸Aにおける算術平均高さSa1が4.6~164.3nmの範囲内の数値であり、最大高さ粗さRz1が10~548.4nmの範囲内の数値であり、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1が5.5~50μmの範囲内の数値であった。
表1乃至表8に示すように、実施例である試料1~19、26、27については、凹凸Aにおける算術平均高さSa1が4.6~226.1nmの範囲内の数値であり、最大高さ粗さRz1が10~1174.2nmの範囲内の数値であり、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1が5.0~50μmの範囲内の数値であった。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~25において、未処理の試料20の算術平均高さSa2は0.2nmであり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23の算術平均高さSa2は0.5~0.6nmの範囲内の数値であり、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24の算術平均高さSa2は4.7nmであり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25の算術平均高さSa2は0.6nmであった。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~25において、未処理の試料20の最大高さSz2は1.4nmであり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23の最大高さSz2は6.4~8.2nmの範囲内の数値であり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25の最大高さSz2は7.6nmであり、これらの数値は、実施例である試料1~19と比較して、何れもかなり小さな値であった。
また、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24の算術平均高さSz2は79.5nmであった。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~25において、未処理の試料20の最大山高さSp2は0.7nmであり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23の最大山高さSp2は3.6~5.1nmの範囲内の数値であり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25の最大山高さSp2は4.8nmであり、これらの数値は、実施例である試料1~19と比較して、何れもかなり小さな値であった。なお、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24の最大山高さSp2は34.5nmであった。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~27において、未処理の試料20の二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2は0.5であり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23の二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2は2.2~3.3の範囲内の数値であり、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24の二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2は15.7であり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25の二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2は2.8であり、これらの数値は、実施例である試料1~19と比較して、何れも小さな値であった。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~25において、未処理の試料20の界面の展開面積比Sdr2は0.005であり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23の界面の展開面積比Sdr2は0.1~0.2の範囲内の数値であり、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24の界面の展開面積比Sdr2は4.2であり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25の界面の展開面積比Sdr2は0.2であり、これらの数値は、実施例である試料1~15と比較して、何れも小さな値であった。
次に、試料1~27について、ヘイズの測定を行った。ヘイズの測定は、島津製作所社製紫外可視近赤外分析光度計(UV-3100PC)を用い、JIS K7361-1-1997に基づいて測定した。
試料1~27について行った、ヘイズの測定結果について、同じく上述した表1乃至表4によって示す。
これに対して、比較例である試料20~25において、未処理の試料20のヘイズはヘイズ値が限りなく低く測定不可であり、凹凸Aのみを有する試料21~23のヘイズ値は0.9~9.6の範囲内の数値であり、凹凸Bのみを有する試料24のヘイズ値は0.4であり、SiO2コーティングを施した試料25のヘイズ値は47.6であった。
次に、試料1~27について、入力ペン2を用いて、各ガラス基板22の主面22aに「あ」の文字の入力を行った際の書き心地を、官能試験により評価した。
評価方法としては、エラストマー製のペン先2aを有するワコム社製の替え芯(製品名:ACK-20004、ペン先の直径:1.4mm)を、3Dプリンターで作製した治具にはめ込み、三菱鉛筆製のボールペン(製品名:JETSTREAM)の筐体に取付けたものを入力ペン2として使用し、ガラス基板22の主面22a上での書き心地を評価した。
試料1~27について行った、書き心地の評価結果について、同じく上述した表1乃至表8によって示す。
次に、試料1~27について、指先3による触り心地を官能評価により評価した。
評価方法としては、主面22aを上方に向けた状態で各ガラス基板22を机上に載置し、当該主面22aに対して、人差し指の指先3を複数回滑らせた際の触り心地を評価した。
なお、各試料の評価を行う際には、指先3の状態を一定にするため、各試料の評価前にエタノールで人差し指を拭き、1分後に評価を開始することとした。
試料1~27について行った、触り心地の評価結果について、同じく上述した表1乃至表8によって示す。
次に、試料1~27について、視認性を官能評価により評価した。
評価方法としては、主面22aを上方に向けた状態で各ガラス基板22をモニター電源を入れたアップル社製ipad pro上に載置し、画面上に表示された文字、画像を目視で鮮明に確認できるかを次に示す判定基準を用いて評価した。
試料1~27について行った、視認性の評価結果について、同じく上述した表1乃至表8によって示す。
次に、試料1~27について、映り込みを官能評価により評価した。
評価方法としては、天井に蛍光灯が設置されている部屋で、主面22aを上方に向けた状態で各ガラス基板22をアップル社製ipad pro上に載置し、ipad proのモニター電源を入れた状態のまま、ガラス基板22の垂直方向から見て、ガラス基板22上に光の反射による評価者自身の映り込みが、ipad pro画面上に表示された画像の観察の妨げになるかを以下に示す評価項目を用いて評価した。
試料1~27について行った、映り込みの評価結果について、同じく上述した表1乃至表8によって示す。
以上の結果から、表1乃至表8に示すように、実施例である試料1~19、26、27については、入力ペン2のペン先2aが接する主面22aに形成された、適切な凹凸A(即ち、前述した第一の凹凸)及び凹凸B(即ち、前述した第二の凹凸)によって、ペン先2aと主面22aとの間で、摩擦力の適度な増加と減少が組み合わさることとなり、書き心地についての良好な評価結果を得ることができた。
また、未処理の比較例である試料20については、指先3が接する主面22aに形成された凹凸が小さく、指先3が非常に滑り難くなるために、触り心地の評価結果は悪かった。
また、凹凸A(第一の凹凸)のみを有する比較例の試料21~23については、指先3が接する主面22aに形成された凹凸が大きく、指先3とガラス基板22の主面22aとの間の接触面積の低下が十分でないため、指先3が非常に滑り難くなり、触り心地の評価結果は悪かった。
また、凹凸B(第二の凹凸)のみを有する比較例である試料24については、指先3が接する主面22aに形成された凹凸が小さく、指先3とガラス基板22の主面22aとの間でやや滑り易くなるが、凹凸A(第一の凹凸)がなく接触面積の低下が十分でないため、指先3は依然として滑り難く、書き心地の評価結果は悪かった。
また、SiO2コーティングを施した比較例である試料25については、指先3が接する主面22aに形成された凹凸が大きく、指先3とガラス基板22の主面22aとの間の接触面積の低下が十分でないため、指先3が非常に滑り難くなり、触り心地の評価結果は悪かった。
20 入力装置
21 デジタイザ回路(検出回路)
22 ガラス基板(ガラス部材)
22a 主面
23 防汚層
30 ガラス部材積層体
100 外装用ガラス部材
101 筐体
102 扉体
103 容器
S01 第一形成工程
S02 第二形成工程
Claims (16)
- 凹凸を有する主面を備えるガラス部材であって、
前記凹凸は、
高域フィルタλc1のカットオフ値を14μmとし、且つ低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値を0.35μmとしたときの算術平均高さSa1が2~500nmであり、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1が2~100μmである第一の凹凸と、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域において、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときに、算術平均高さSa2が0.7~50nmである第二の凹凸とを有する、
ことを特徴とするガラス部材。 - 前記第一の凹凸において、
高域フィルタλc1のカットオフ値を14μmとし、且つ低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値を0.35μmとしたときの最大高さ粗さRz1が25~700nmである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のガラス部材。 - 凹凸を有する主面を備えるガラス部材であって、
前記凹凸は、
高域フィルタλc1のカットオフ値を50μmとし、且つ低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値を0.35μmとしたときの算術平均高さSa1が2~500nmであり、粗さ曲線要素の平均長さRSm1が2~100μmである第一の凹凸と、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域において、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときに、算術平均高さSa2が0.7~50nmである第二の凹凸とを有する、
ことを特徴とするガラス部材。 - 前記第一の凹凸において、
高域フィルタλc1のカットオフ値を50μmとし、且つ低域フィルタλs1のカットオフ値を0.35μmとしたときの最大高さ粗さRz1が25~1500nmである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のガラス部材。 - 前記第二の凹凸において、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域における、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときの、界面の展開面積比Sdr2が3~60%である、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~請求項4の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材。 - 前記第二の凹凸において、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域における、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときの、二乗平均平方根傾斜Sdq2が2~80である、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~請求項4の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材。 - 前記第二の凹凸において、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域における、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときの、最大高さSz2が10~400nmである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~請求項4の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材。 - 前記第二の凹凸において、
一辺が5μmの正方形の領域における、高域フィルタλc2のカットオフ値を2.5μmとしたときの、最大山高さSp2が6~200nmである、
ことを特徴とする、請求項1~請求項4の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材。 - 請求項1~請求項4、請求項6の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材と、
前記ガラス部材の前記主面における少なくとも一部に設けられる防汚層とを備える、
ことを特徴とするガラス部材積層体。 - 請求項1~請求項4、請求項6の何れか一項に記載に記載のガラス部材と、
入力位置を検出する検出回路とを備える、
ことを特徴とする入力装置。 - 請求項10に記載の入力装置と、ディスプレイ装置とを備える、
ことを特徴とする入力表示装置。 - 請求項1~請求項4、請求項6の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材により構成される、
ことを特徴とする外装用ガラス部材。 - 請求項12に記載の外装用ガラス部材を備える、
ことを特徴とする筐体。 - 請求項12に記載の外装用ガラス部材を備える、
ことを特徴とする扉体。 - 請求項12に記載の外装用ガラス部材を備える、
ことを特徴とする容器。 - 請求項1~請求項4、請求項6の何れか一項に記載のガラス部材を製造する製造方法であって、
前記ガラス部材の前記主面に対してフッ酸エッチングを施し、前記第一の凹凸を形成する第一形成工程と、
前記第一形成工程によって形成された前記第一の凹凸に対してウェットブラスト処理またはサンドブラスト処理を施し、前記第二の凹凸を形成する第二形成工程とを備える、
ことを特徴とするガラス部材の製造方法。
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WO2019058889A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 入力装置用カバー部材、及び入力装置 |
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WO2019058889A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 入力装置用カバー部材、及び入力装置 |
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