WO2023026137A1 - 表示装置、及び電子機器 - Google Patents
表示装置、及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023026137A1 WO2023026137A1 PCT/IB2022/057686 IB2022057686W WO2023026137A1 WO 2023026137 A1 WO2023026137 A1 WO 2023026137A1 IB 2022057686 W IB2022057686 W IB 2022057686W WO 2023026137 A1 WO2023026137 A1 WO 2023026137A1
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/14—Display of multiple viewports
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/22—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of characters or indicia using display control signals derived from coded signals representing the characters or indicia, e.g. with a character-code memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
- G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
- G09G2340/04—Changes in size, position or resolution of an image
- G09G2340/0407—Resolution change, inclusive of the use of different resolutions for different screen areas
- G09G2340/0435—Change or adaptation of the frame rate of the video stream
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to display devices and electronic devices.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a driving method, or a manufacturing method.
- one aspect of the invention relates to a process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter. Therefore, the technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically include semiconductor devices, display devices, liquid crystal display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, imaging devices, storage devices, signal processing devices, and processors. , electronic devices, systems, methods of driving them, methods of manufacturing them, or methods of testing them.
- the aspect ratios of the display area of the display device include, for example, 16:9, 4:3, 3:2, and 1:1.
- contents (images (including moving images), applications, and games) displayed on the display device are not limited to the ratios described above, and can have various aspect ratios.
- moving images such as movies often have an aspect ratio called cinemascope (2.35:1).
- cinemascope 2.35:1
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for displaying character information such as captions in black areas caused by differences in aspect ratios between a display device and an image.
- the gate driver circuit when an image with an aspect ratio different from that of the display device is displayed on the display device, if text information is to be inserted into the black area, the text information must be generated using an image generator. Since the character information generated by the image generator is transmitted as an image signal to the display area of the display device together with an image having an aspect ratio different from that of the display device, the gate driver circuit always operates. A timing controller is also required to adjust the timing of inserting character information as an image signal. Therefore, the power consumption of the gate driver circuit and the timing controller may increase.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device that inserts character information into a black area when an image having an aspect ratio different from that of the display device is displayed on the display device.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with reduced power consumption.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display device with a reduced circuit area.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electronic device including the above display device.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel display device and a novel electronic device.
- the problem of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the problems listed above.
- the issues listed above do not preclude the existence of other issues.
- Still other issues are issues not mentioned in this section, which will be described in the following description.
- Problems not mentioned in this section can be derived from the descriptions in the specification, drawings, or the like by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention is to solve at least one of the problems listed above and other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily solve all of the problems listed above and other problems.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a display portion including a first region and a second region, a first driver circuit corresponding to the first region, a second driver circuit corresponding to the second region, the first circuit, and a second driver circuit.
- 2 circuits a first signal generation circuit, and a second signal generation circuit.
- the first circuit has a function of generating a first image signal corresponding to the first image
- the second circuit has a function of generating a second image signal corresponding to the second image.
- the second image has a character string.
- the first signal generation circuit has a function of generating a clock signal with a first frame frequency
- the second signal generation circuit has a function of generating a clock signal with a second frame frequency.
- the display device has a function of displaying the first image in the first region at the first frame frequency by transmitting the first image signal to the first driving circuit, and a function of transmitting the second image signal to the second driving circuit. and displaying the second image in the second region at the second frame frequency.
- the first region and the central portion of the display portion may have regions that overlap with each other.
- the central portion of the display portion is a circular area centered at the intersection of two diagonal lines drawn on the display portion and having a radius of L/64 or less. Note that L is the length of the diagonal line (diagonal size) of the display portion.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display device described in (1) or (2), an audio input portion, a conversion portion, and an image generation portion.
- the voice input unit has a function of acquiring external voice.
- the conversion unit has a function of generating character information corresponding to external voice.
- the image generator has a function of generating data of a second image including a character string corresponding to the character information.
- the second circuit has a function of acquiring data and generating a second image signal corresponding to the second image.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display device described in (1) or (2), a sensor, a conversion portion, and an image generation portion.
- a sensor has a function of imaging the movement of a person or an object.
- the conversion unit has a function of generating character information according to the content captured by the sensor.
- the image generator has a function of generating data of a second image including a character string corresponding to the character information.
- the second circuit has a function of acquiring data and generating a second image signal corresponding to the second image.
- one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device including the display device described in (1) or (2), an antenna, a conversion portion, and an image generation portion.
- the antenna has a function of receiving notification information from an external device.
- the conversion unit has a function of generating character information according to the notification information acquired by the antenna.
- the image generator has a function of generating data of a second image including a character string corresponding to the character information.
- the second circuit has a function of acquiring data and generating a second image signal corresponding to the second image.
- a display device that inserts character information into a black area when an image having an aspect ratio different from that of the display device is displayed on the display device.
- a display device with low power consumption can be provided.
- a display device with a reduced circuit area can be provided.
- an electronic device including any of the above display devices can be provided.
- a novel display device and a novel electronic device can be provided.
- a novel method of operating a display device can be provided.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C are diagrams showing examples of images displayed on a display device.
- 2A and 2B are cross-sectional schematic diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- FIG. 3A is a schematic top view showing an example of a display portion of a display device
- FIG. 3B is a schematic top view showing an example of a drive circuit region of the display device.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic top view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 5A to 5E are diagrams showing examples of images displayed on the display device.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a display device.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an operation example of the display device.
- 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an electronic device.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the electronic device.
- 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the electronic device;
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the electronic device;
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 16A to 16D are schematic diagrams showing configuration examples of light-emitting devices.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration example of a display device.
- 18A and 18B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 19A and 19B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 20A and 20B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 21A and 21B are schematic cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of display devices.
- 22A to 22F are cross-sectional views illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a display device.
- FIG. 23A is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a pixel circuit included in the display device
- FIG. 23B is a schematic perspective view showing a configuration example of the pixel circuit included in the display device.
- 24A to 24D are circuit diagrams showing configuration examples of pixel circuits included in the display device.
- 25A to 25D are circuit diagrams showing configuration examples of pixel circuits included in the display device.
- 26A to 26G are top views showing examples of pixels.
- 27A to 27F are top views showing examples of pixels.
- 28A to 28H are top views showing examples of pixels.
- 29A to 29D are top views showing examples of pixels.
- 30A and 30B are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display module.
- 31A to 31F are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 32A to 32D are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 33A to 33C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- 34A to 34H are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of electronic devices.
- a semiconductor device is a device that utilizes semiconductor characteristics, and refers to circuits including semiconductor elements (eg, transistors, diodes, and photodiodes), devices having such circuits, and the like.
- a semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- an integrated circuit, a chip including the integrated circuit, and an electronic component containing the chip in a package are examples of semiconductor devices.
- memory devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, electronic devices, and the like may themselves be semiconductor devices or may include semiconductor devices.
- connection relationships other than the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text are not limited to the predetermined connection relationships, for example, the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text.
- X and Y are electrically connected is an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (for example, switch, transistor, capacitive element, inductor, resistive element, diode, display devices, light emitting devices, and loads) can be connected between X and Y one or more times.
- the switch has a function of being controlled to be turned on and off. In other words, the switch has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- X and Y are functionally connected is a circuit that enables functional connection between X and Y (e.g., logic circuit (e.g., inverter, NAND circuit, and NOR circuit), Signal conversion circuits (e.g., digital-to-analog conversion circuits, analog-to-digital conversion circuits, and gamma correction circuits), potential level conversion circuits (e.g., power supply circuits such as step-up circuits or step-down circuits, and level shifter circuits that change the potential level of signals), voltage source, current source, switching circuit, amplifier circuit (for example, a circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, and buffer circuit), signal generation circuit, memory circuit, and control circuit ) can be connected between X and Y one or more times. As an example, even if another circuit is interposed between X and Y, when a signal output from X is transmitted to Y, X and Y are considered to be functionally
- this specification deals with a circuit configuration in which a plurality of elements are electrically connected to wiring (wiring for supplying a constant potential or wiring for transmitting signals).
- wiring for supplying a constant potential or wiring for transmitting signals.
- X and Y, and the source (which may be referred to as one of the first terminal or the second terminal) and the drain (which may be referred to as the other of the first terminal or the second terminal) of the transistor are , are electrically connected to each other, and are electrically connected in the order of X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, and Y.”
- the source of the transistor is electrically connected to X
- the drain of the transistor is electrically connected to Y
- X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, Y are electrically connected in that order.
- X is electrically connected to Y through the source and drain of the transistor, and X, the source of the transistor, the drain of the transistor, and Y are provided in this connection order.”
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, or layers).
- circuit diagram shows independent components electrically connected to each other, if one component has the functions of multiple components.
- one component has the functions of multiple components.
- the term "electrically connected" in this specification includes cases where one conductive film functions as a plurality of constituent elements.
- a “resistive element” can be, for example, a circuit element having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , a wiring having a resistance value higher than 0 ⁇ , or the like. Therefore, in this specification and the like, a “resistive element” includes a wiring having a resistance value, a transistor, a diode, or a coil through which a current flows between a source and a drain. Therefore, the term “resistive element” may be interchanged with terms such as “resistance,””load,” or “region having a resistance value.” Conversely, terms such as “resistor”, “load”, or “region having a resistance value” may be interchanged with the term “resistive element”.
- the resistance value can be, for example, preferably 1 m ⁇ or more and 10 ⁇ or less, more preferably 5 m ⁇ or more and 5 ⁇ or less, still more preferably 10 m ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 ⁇ or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ or less.
- capacitor element refers to, for example, a circuit element having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a wiring region having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a parasitic capacitance, a transistor can be the gate capacitance of Also, terms such as “capacitance element”, “parasitic capacitance”, or “gate capacitance” may be replaced with the term “capacitance”.
- capacitor may be interchanged with terms such as “capacitive element,” “parasitic capacitance,” or “gate capacitance.”
- a “capacity” (including a “capacity” with three or more terminals) includes an insulator and a pair of conductors sandwiching the insulator. Therefore, the term “pair of conductors” in “capacitance” can be replaced with “pair of electrodes,” “pair of conductive regions,” “pair of regions,” or “pair of terminals.” Also, the terms “one of a pair of terminals” and “the other of a pair of terminals” may be referred to as a first terminal and a second terminal, respectively.
- the value of the capacitance can be, for example, 0.05 fF or more and 10 pF or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 pF or more and 10 ⁇ F or less.
- a transistor has three terminals called a gate, a source, and a drain.
- a gate is a control terminal that controls the conduction state of a transistor.
- the two terminals functioning as source or drain are the input and output terminals of the transistor.
- One of the two input/output terminals functions as a source and the other as a drain depending on the conductivity type of the transistor (n-channel type, p-channel type) and the level of potentials applied to the three terminals of the transistor. Therefore, in this specification and the like, terms such as source and drain may be used interchangeably.
- a transistor may have a back gate in addition to the three terminals described above, depending on the structure of the transistor.
- one of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a first gate
- the other of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a second gate.
- the terms "gate” and “backgate” may be used interchangeably for the same transistor.
- the respective gates may be referred to as a first gate, a second gate, a third gate, or the like in this specification and the like.
- a multi-gate transistor having two or more gate electrodes can be used as an example of a transistor.
- the multi-gate structure since the channel formation regions are connected in series, a structure in which a plurality of transistors are connected in series is obtained. Therefore, the multi-gate structure can reduce off-state current and improve the breakdown voltage (reliability) of the transistor.
- the multi-gate structure even if the voltage between the drain and source changes when operating in the saturation region, the current between the drain and source does not change much and the slope is flat. properties can be obtained.
- the flat-slope voltage-current characteristic an ideal current source circuit or an active load with a very high resistance value can be realized. As a result, a differential circuit or current mirror circuit with good characteristics can be realized.
- circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device” may have polarities called “anode” and "cathode”.
- anode In the case of a “light emitting device”, it may be possible to cause the “light emitting device” to emit light by applying a forward bias (applying a positive potential to the "anode” with respect to the "cathode”).
- the "anode” is obtained by applying zero bias or reverse bias (applying a negative potential to the "cathode” to the "anode") and irradiating the "light receiving device” with light.
- a current may occur across the "cathode”.
- anode and “cathode” are sometimes treated as input/output terminals in circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device”.
- “anode” and “cathode” in circuit elements such as “light-emitting device” and “light-receiving device” are sometimes referred to as terminals (first terminal, second terminal, etc.).
- terminals first terminal, second terminal, etc.
- one of the "anode” and the "cathode” may be referred to as the first terminal
- the other of the "anode” and the "cathode” may be referred to as the second terminal.
- the circuit element may have a plurality of circuit elements.
- the circuit element when one resistor is described on the circuit diagram, it includes the case where two or more resistors are electrically connected in series.
- the case where one capacitor is described on the circuit diagram includes the case where two or more capacitors are electrically connected in parallel.
- the switch when one transistor is illustrated in a circuit diagram, two or more transistors are electrically connected in series and the gates of the transistors are electrically connected to each other. shall include Similarly, for example, when one switch is described on the circuit diagram, the switch has two or more transistors, and the two or more transistors are electrically connected in series or in parallel. and the gates of the respective transistors are electrically connected to each other.
- a node can be called a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, or an impurity region depending on the circuit configuration and device structure.
- a terminal or a wiring can be called a node.
- Voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
- the reference potential is ground potential
- “voltage” can be replaced with “potential”. Note that the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V.
- the potential is relative, and when the reference potential changes, the potential applied to the wiring, the potential applied to the circuit, etc., and the potential output from the circuit etc. also change.
- high-level potential and low-level potential do not mean specific potentials.
- the high-level potentials supplied by both wirings do not have to be equal to each other.
- the low-level potentials applied by both wirings need not be equal to each other.
- electrical current refers to the movement phenomenon of charge (electrical conduction).
- electrical conduction occurs in a positive In other words, “electrical conduction is occurring”. Therefore, in this specification and the like, unless otherwise specified, the term “electric current” refers to a charge transfer phenomenon (electrical conduction) associated with the movement of carriers.
- carriers here include electrons, holes, anions, cations, and complex ions, and the carriers differ depending on the current-flowing system (eg, semiconductor, metal, electrolyte, and in vacuum).
- the "direction of current” in wiring or the like is the direction in which carriers that become positive charges move, and is described as a positive amount of current.
- the direction in which the carriers that become negative charges move is the direction opposite to the direction of the current, and is represented by the amount of negative current. Therefore, in this specification and the like, when there is no notice about the positive or negative of the current (or the direction of the current), the description that "the current flows from the element A to the element B" can be rephrased as "the current flows from the element B to the element A”. It shall be possible. Also, the description that "a current is input to the element A" can be rephrased as "a current is output from the element A”.
- ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second”, and “third” are added to avoid confusion of constituent elements. Therefore, the number of components is not limited. Also, the order of the components is not limited. For example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments such as this specification may be the component referred to as “second” in another embodiment or the scope of claims. can also be Further, for example, the component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments of this specification etc. may be omitted in other embodiments or the scope of claims.
- the terms “above” and “below” do not limit the positional relationship of the components to being directly above or below and in direct contact with each other.
- the expression “electrode B on insulating layer A” does not require that electrode B be formed on insulating layer A in direct contact with another configuration between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude those containing elements.
- the expression “electrode B above the insulating layer A” it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed on the insulating layer A in direct contact with the insulating layer A and the electrode B.
- Electrode B under the insulating layer A it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed under the insulating layer A in direct contact with the insulating layer A and the electrode B. do not exclude other components between
- the terms “row” and “column” may be used to describe the components arranged in a matrix and their positional relationships.
- the positional relationship between the configurations changes appropriately according to the direction in which each configuration is drawn. Therefore, it is not limited to the words and phrases explained in the specification, etc., and can be appropriately rephrased according to the situation.
- the expression “row-wise” may be rephrased as “column-wise” by rotating the orientation of the drawing shown by 90 degrees.
- the terms “film” and “layer” can be interchanged depending on the situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” to the term “conductive film.” Or, for example, it may be possible to change the term “insulating film” to the term “insulating layer”. Alternatively, the terms “film” and “layer” may be omitted and replaced with other terms as the case may or may be. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” or “conductive film” to the term “conductor.” Alternatively, for example, the terms “insulating layer” and “insulating film” may be changed to the term “insulator”.
- electrode in this specification do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the term “electrode” or “wiring” includes the case where a plurality of “electrodes” or “wiring” are integrally formed.
- a “terminal” may be used as part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, and vice versa.
- terminal also includes cases where a plurality of "electrodes", “wirings”, or “terminals” are integrally formed.
- an “electrode” can be part of a “wiring” or a “terminal”
- a “terminal” can be part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, for example.
- terms such as “electrode”, “wiring”, or “terminal” may be replaced with the term “region” in some cases.
- the terms “wiring”, “signal line”, and “power line” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “signal line”. Also, for example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to a term such as "power supply line”. Also, vice versa, it may be possible to change the term “signal line” or “power line” to the term “wiring”. It may be possible to change the term "power line” to the term “signal line”. Also, vice versa, the term “signal line” may be changed to the term "power line”. Also, the term “potential” applied to the wiring can be changed to the term “signal” in some cases or depending on the situation. And vice versa, the term “signal” may be changed to the term “potential”.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad sense.
- Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OSs), and the like.
- oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OSs
- a metal oxide semiconductor when a channel formation region of a transistor contains a metal oxide, the metal oxide is sometimes referred to as an oxide semiconductor.
- a metal oxide can constitute a channel-forming region of a transistor having at least one of an amplifying action, a rectifying action, and a switching action, the metal oxide is called a metal oxide semiconductor. be able to.
- an OS transistor it can also be referred to as a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- nitrogen-containing metal oxides may also be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may also be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- semiconductor impurities refer to, for example, substances other than the main component that constitutes the semiconductor layer.
- impurities may cause one or more of, for example, an increase in the defect level density of the semiconductor, a decrease in carrier mobility, and a decrease in crystallinity.
- impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, and Group 15 elements.
- transition metals other than the main component and among others, for example, hydrogen (also contained in water), lithium, sodium, silicon, boron, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen.
- impurities that change the characteristics of the semiconductor include, for example, Group 1 elements, Group 2 elements, Group 13 elements, Group 15 elements (with the exception of oxygen, hydrogen, is not included).
- a switch is one that has the function of being in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) and controlling whether or not to allow current to flow.
- a switch has a function of selecting and switching a path through which current flows. Therefore, the switch may have two or more terminals through which current flows, in addition to the control terminal.
- an electrical switch, a mechanical switch, or the like can be used. In other words, the switch is not limited to a specific one as long as it can control current.
- Examples of electrical switches include transistors (eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , and diode-connected transistors), or a logic circuit combining these.
- transistors eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.
- diodes eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes , and diode-connected transistors
- the "conducting state" of the transistor means, for example, a state in which the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically short-circuited; A state in which water can flow.
- a “non-conducting state” of a transistor means a state in which a source electrode and a drain electrode of the transistor can be considered to be electrically cut off. Note that the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited when the transistor is operated as a simple switch.
- a mechanical switch is a switch using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
- the switch has an electrode that can be moved mechanically, and operates by controlling conduction and non-conduction by moving the electrode.
- a device manufactured with a metal mask or FMM fine metal mask, high-definition metal mask
- a device with an MM (metal mask) structure a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- a structure in which a light-emitting layer is separately formed or a light-emitting layer is separately painted in each color light-emitting device is referred to as SBS (Side By Side) structure.
- SBS Side By Side
- a light-emitting device capable of emitting white light is sometimes referred to as a white light-emitting device.
- the white light-emitting device can be combined with a colored layer (for example, a color filter) to form a full-color display device.
- light-emitting devices can be broadly classified into single structures and tandem structures.
- a single-structure device preferably has one light-emitting unit between a pair of electrodes, and the light-emitting unit preferably includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- light-emitting layers may be selected such that the respective colors of light emitted from the two light-emitting layers are in a complementary color relationship.
- the luminescent color of the first luminescent layer and the luminescent color of the second luminescent layer have a complementary color relationship, it is possible to obtain a configuration in which the entire light emitting device emits white light.
- the light-emitting device as a whole may emit white light by combining the light-emitting colors of the three or more light-emitting layers.
- a device with a tandem structure preferably has two or more light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes, and each light-emitting unit includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- each light-emitting unit includes one or more light-emitting layers.
- a structure in which white light emission is obtained by combining light from the light emitting layers of a plurality of light emitting units may be employed. Note that the structure for obtaining white light emission is the same as the structure of the single structure.
- the white light emitting device when comparing the white light emitting device (single structure or tandem structure) and the light emitting device having the SBS structure, the light emitting device having the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting device. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting device with an SBS structure. On the other hand, the white light emitting device is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting device, so that the manufacturing cost can be lowered or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- parallel refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10° or more and 10° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5° or more and 5° or less is also included.
- substantially parallel or “substantially parallel” refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -30° or more and 30° or less.
- Perfect means that two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 100° or less. Therefore, the case of 85° or more and 95° or less is also included.
- the content (or part of the content) described in one embodiment may be combined with another content (or part of the content) described in that embodiment, or one or a plurality of other implementations. can be applied, combined, or replaced with at least one of the contents described in the form of (may be part of the contents).
- figure (may be part of) described in one embodiment refers to another part of that figure, another figure (may be part) described in that embodiment, and one or more other More drawings can be formed by combining at least one of the drawings (or part of them) described in the embodiments.
- FIG. 1A shows a display device DSP that is one embodiment of the present invention and a display section DIS provided in the display device DSP.
- an automobile is displayed on the display unit DIS as an example.
- FIG. 1A shows a state in which an image having an aspect ratio different from that of the display device DSP is displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the ratio of the number of pixels in the row direction to the number of pixels in the column direction of the display device DSP shown in FIG. Y or more), the aspect ratio of the display device DSP is described as X:Y.
- the aspect ratio of the image displayed on the display unit DIS be P:Q (P and Q are positive real numbers not including 0, and P is a number equal to or greater than Q).
- P/Q becomes a number larger than X/Y
- the image is displayed on the display section DIS so as to be in contact with the left end and right end of the display section DIS.
- black is displayed in the remaining area of the display section DIS where the image was displayed.
- an area where an image is displayed is an image area MA
- areas where black is displayed (nothing is displayed) are black areas BA1 and BA2.
- the aspect ratio of the display device DSP and the aspect ratio of the image displayed on the display unit DIS match.
- the image may be displayed without a black area.
- the display device DSP may display character information in each of the black areas BA1 and BA2.
- the display device DSP can display character strings LA1 and LA2 in black areas BA1 and BA2, respectively.
- the character string LA1 and the character string LA2 can be, for example, subtitles, bulletin telops, or notification information corresponding to the image displayed in the image area MA.
- the character strings LA1 and LA2 are information in the video game (for example, status information of the operated character, setting information of the video game, etc.). , and operation method).
- the character string LA1 in the black area BA1 may be the caption corresponding to the image displayed in the image area MA
- the character string LA2 in the black area BA2 may be the notification message.
- the display device DSP may display the character string LA1 only in the black area BA1 without displaying the character string LA2 in the black area BA2.
- the display device DSP displays an image by a display section DIS including a plurality of display areas ARA.
- the display device DSP displays an image by a display section DIS including a plurality of display areas ARA.
- images are displayed in the divided display areas ARA by drive circuits (for example, gate driver circuits and source driver circuits) corresponding to the display areas ARA.
- the display device DSP of FIG. 1C has a configuration in which a driving circuit is provided for each of the plurality of display areas ARA.
- the display area ARA within the image area MA is an area for displaying an image
- selection signals and image signals are frequently input to the pixel circuits included in the display area ARA within the image area MA. Therefore, the frame frequency in the display area ARA within the image area MA is increased.
- the frame frequency of the display area ARA within the image area MA may be higher than that of a still image.
- the display area ARA included in each of the black areas BA1 and BA2 functions as an area for displaying black, the character string LA1, and the character string LA2.
- the frame frequency in the display area ARA included in each of the black areas BA1 and BA2 can be 1 Hz or more and 10 Hz or less.
- the frame frequency may be 1/10 Hz or more and 10 Hz or less, or 1/60 Hz or more and 10 Hz or less.
- the character strings LA1 and LA2 displayed in the black areas BA1 and BA2, respectively, are compared with the image displayed in the image area MA (especially in the case of moving images) and rewritten.
- the number of times can be reduced (the frame frequency can be lowered).
- the driving circuit corresponding to the display area ARA in which the character string is not displayed temporarily functions. may be stopped. Power consumption of the driving circuit can be reduced by stopping the driving circuit corresponding to the display area ARA so as not to display the character string in one or both of the black areas BA1 and BA2.
- the character strings LA1 and LA2 may include not only characters but also still images such as icons and pictograms. In some cases, the character strings LA1 and LA2 may contain only icons, pictograms, etc., without characters.
- the string LA2 can be displayed.
- the frame frequency of the black area BA1 and the black area BA2 is lower than the frame frequency of the image area MA, if an acceptable image quality can be obtained, the character string LA1 displayed in the black area BA1 and the black area BA2 , or the string LA2 may include a moving image, an animated icon, or a glyph.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device DSP of FIG. 1C.
- the display device DSP for example, has a pixel layer PXAL, a wiring layer LINL, and a circuit layer SICL.
- the wiring layer LINL is provided on the circuit layer SICL, and the pixel layer PXAL is provided on the wiring layer LINL. Note that the pixel layer PXAL overlaps a region including a driver circuit region DRV, which will be described later.
- the circuit layer SICL has a substrate BS and a drive circuit region DRV.
- the substrate BS for example, a semiconductor substrate (for example, a single crystal substrate) made of silicon or germanium can be used.
- the substrate BS includes, for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a plastic substrate, a sapphire glass substrate, a metal substrate, a stainless steel substrate, and a stainless steel foil.
- substrates, tungsten substrates, substrates with tungsten foil, flexible substrates, laminated films, papers containing fibrous materials, or substrate films can be used.
- glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or soda lime glass.
- plastics are represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- plastics are represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- plastics Alternatively, another example is synthetic resin such as acrylic resin. Or another example is polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride. Alternatively, another example includes polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy resin, inorgan
- the substrate BS is described as a semiconductor substrate having silicon or the like as a material. Therefore, the transistor included in the drive circuit region DRV can be a transistor having silicon in the channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as a Si transistor).
- the drive circuit region DRV is provided on the substrate BS.
- the drive circuit region DRV has, for example, a drive circuit for driving pixels included in the pixel layer PXAL, which will be described later.
- a specific configuration example of the drive circuit region DRV will be described later.
- the wiring layer LINL is provided on the circuit layer SICL.
- wiring is provided in the wiring layer LINL.
- the wiring included in the wiring layer LINL is, for example, a wiring that electrically connects the driving circuit included in the driving circuit region DRV provided below and the circuit included in the pixel layer PXAL provided above. function as
- the pixel layer PXAL has, as an example, a plurality of pixels. Also, the plurality of pixels may be arranged in a matrix in the pixel layer PXAL.
- each of the plurality of pixels can express one or more colors.
- the plurality of colors can be, for example, three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Or, for example, colors from red (R), green (G), and blue (B), plus cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and white (W). It may be one or more selected colors.
- Pixels expressing different colors are called sub-pixels, and when white is expressed by a plurality of sub-pixels of different colors, the plurality of sub-pixels may be collectively called a pixel.
- sub-pixels are sometimes referred to as pixels for convenience of explanation.
- FIG. 3A is an example of a top view of the display device DSP, showing only the display section DIS. Note that the display portion DIS can be a top view of the pixel layer PXAL.
- the display unit DIS is, for example, divided into m rows and n columns (m is an integer of 1 or more and n is an integer of 1 or more). Therefore, the display section DIS is configured to have the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n]. In FIG.
- the screen resolution of the display device DSP is 8K4K
- the number of pixels is 7680 ⁇ 4320 pixels.
- the sub-pixels of the display section DIS are of three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B)
- the total number of sub-pixels is 7680 ⁇ 4320 ⁇ 3.
- the pixel array of the display unit DIS whose screen resolution is 8K4K is divided into 32 regions, the number of pixels per region is 960 ⁇ 1080 pixels. are three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), the number of sub-pixels per region is 960 ⁇ 1080 ⁇ 3.
- FIG. 3B is an example of a top view of the display device DSP, showing only the drive circuit region DRV included in the circuit layer SICL.
- the display unit DIS since the display unit DIS is divided into m rows and n columns, the divided display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] each have A corresponding drive circuit is required.
- the drive circuit region DRV may also be divided into regions of m rows and n columns, and a drive circuit may be provided in each divided region.
- the display device DSP in FIG. 3B shows a configuration in which the drive circuit region DRV is divided into regions of m rows and n columns. Therefore, the drive circuit region DRV has circuit regions ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n]. Note that in FIG.
- Each of the circuit areas ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n] has a driving circuit SD and a driving circuit GD.
- a driving circuit SD and a driving circuit GD are included in the circuit region ARD[i, j] (not shown in FIG. 3B) located in the i-th row and the j-th column (where i is an integer of 1 or more and m or less and j is an integer of 1 or more and n or less).
- the driving circuit SD and the driving circuit GD provided can drive a plurality of pixels included in the display area ARA[i, j] located in the i-th row and the j-th column of the display section DIS. .
- the drive circuit SD functions, for example, as a source driver circuit that transmits image signals to a plurality of pixels included in the corresponding display area ARA.
- the drive circuit SD may have a digital-analog conversion circuit that converts the image signal of digital data into analog data.
- the drive circuit GD functions, for example, as a gate driver circuit for selecting a plurality of pixels to which image signals are to be sent in the corresponding display area ARA.
- the display device DSP shown in FIGS. 2A, 3A, and 3B has a configuration in which the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] of the display unit DIS overlap each other.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] do not necessarily overlap with each other.
- the display device DSP may have a configuration in which not only the driver circuit region DRV but also the region LIA are provided on the substrate BS.
- wiring is provided in the area LIA.
- the wiring included in the region LIA may be electrically connected to the wiring included in the wiring layer LINL.
- the circuits included in the drive circuit area DRV and the circuits included in the pixel layer PXAL are electrically connected by the wiring included in the area LIA and the wiring included in the wiring layer LINL. It is good also as a structure connected.
- the display device DSP may be configured such that the circuits included in the drive circuit region DRV and the wirings or circuits included in the region LIA are electrically connected via the wirings included in the wiring layer LINL. good.
- the area LIA may include, for example, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the area LIA may include a sensor controller that controls the touch sensor included in the touch panel.
- the area LIA may include a controller having a function of processing an input signal from the outside of the display device DSP.
- the area LIA may include a voltage generating circuit for generating a voltage to be supplied to the circuit described above and the driving circuit included in the circuit area ARD.
- the region LIA may include an EL correction circuit.
- the EL correction circuit has a function of appropriately adjusting the amount of current input to a light-emitting device containing an organic EL material, for example. Since the luminance of a light-emitting device containing an organic EL material during light emission is proportional to the current, if the characteristics of the driving transistor electrically connected to the light-emitting device are not good, the light-emitting device will not emit light. The intensity of the light emitted may be less than desired.
- the EL correction circuit monitors the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device, and when the amount of current is smaller than a desired amount of current, increases the amount of current flowing through the light-emitting device so that the light-emitting device Brightness of light emission can be increased. Conversely, when the current amount is larger than the desired current amount, the current amount flowing through the light emitting device may be adjusted to be smaller.
- the area LIA may include a gamma correction circuit.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a top view of the display device DSP shown in FIG. 2B, showing only the circuit layer SICL. Further, in the display device DSP of FIG. 4, as an example, a configuration in which the drive circuit region DRV is surrounded by the region LIA is shown. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the drive circuit region DRV is arranged so as to overlap with the inner side of the display portion DIS when viewed from above.
- the display portion DIS is divided into the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n], and the drive circuit area DRV is also divided into circuit areas ARD[1,1] to ARD[m,n].
- the correspondence relationship between the display area ARA and the circuit area ARD including the drive circuit for driving the pixels included in the display area ARA is illustrated by thick arrows.
- the driver circuits included in the circuit area ARD[1,1] drive the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,1], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[2,1].
- the driving circuit in the display area ARA[2,1] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[2,1].
- the driver circuit included in the circuit area ARD[m ⁇ 1,1] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m ⁇ 1,1], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[m,1].
- the driving circuit provided drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m,1].
- the drive circuit included in the circuit area ARD[1,n] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,n]
- the drive circuit included in the circuit area ARD[2,n] drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[1,n]. drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[2,n].
- the driver circuits included in the circuit area ARD[m-1, n] drive the pixels included in the display area ARA[m-1, n], and the pixels included in the circuit area ARD[m, n].
- the driving circuit provided drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[m,n].
- the drive circuit included in the circuit area ARD[i, j] located at the i row and j column drives the pixels included in the display area ARA[i, j].
- the configuration of the display device DSP can be such that the display area ARA[i, j] and the circuit area ARD[i, j] do not necessarily overlap each other. Therefore, the positional relationship between the drive circuit region DRV and the display section DIS is not limited to the top view of the display device DSP shown in FIG. 4, and the arrangement of the drive circuit region DRV can be freely determined.
- the drive circuits SD and GD are arranged in a cross shape.
- the driver circuit SD, and the driver circuit GD are not limited to the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged in an L shape within one circuit region ARD.
- one of the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged vertically in a plan view, and the other of the drive circuit SD and the drive circuit GD may be arranged horizontally in a plan view.
- FIG. 1A to 1C show examples in which the black area BA1 and the black area BA2 are provided above and below the display unit DIS. It may be provided only on one side.
- the black area BA may be provided on the lower side of the display section DIS
- the image area MA may be provided on the upper side of the display section DIS.
- a character string LA is displayed in the black area BA.
- the positions of the black regions displayed in the display portion DIS in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the examples in FIGS. 1A to 1C and 5A.
- the black area displayed in the display unit DIS according to the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may be changed as appropriate according to the aspect ratio of the image displayed in the image area MA.
- the image is As shown in 5B, it is displayed on the display unit DIS.
- an image area MA is provided so as to be in contact with the upper and lower ends of the display section DIS, and black areas BA3 and BA4 are provided on the left and right sides of the display section DIS, respectively.
- a character string LA3 is displayed in the black area BA3
- a character string LA4 is displayed in the black area BA4.
- the black area displayed on the display unit DIS is determined by first determining the image area MA in which the image of the display unit DIS is to be displayed, and displaying the black area on the remaining area of the display unit DIS. may be provided.
- the image area MA is preferably displayed so as to include the central portion of the display section DIS.
- the display device DSP preferably has an area where the central portion of the display section DIS and part of the plurality of display areas ARA included in the image area MA overlap each other.
- the central portion of the display portion DIS is defined as an area including a point where two diagonal lines are drawn on the display portion DIS and the two diagonal lines intersect.
- the central portion of the display section DIS can be a circular area whose center is the point where two diagonal lines intersect. can.
- the radius of the circle is preferably L/8 or less, more preferably L/16 or less, still more preferably L/32 or less, and even more preferably L/64 or less. , L/128 or less.
- the shape of the black region is not limited to those shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, 5A, and 5B, and can be various shapes.
- FIG. 5C it may be L-shaped.
- an image area MA is provided so as to be in contact with the upper end and the right end of the display section DIS and include the central portion CSB of the display section DIS, and a black area BA is provided in the remaining area of the display section DIS.
- a character string LA1 and a character string LA4 are displayed in the black area BA.
- FIG. 5C shows the shape of the L-shaped black area BA located at the left end and the lower end of the display unit DIS, but depending on the position of the image area MA provided on the display unit DIS, it may be displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the shape of the black area may be L-shaped at the right end and bottom end, L-shaped at the right end and top end, or L-shaped at the left end and top end.
- the shape of the black area provided in the display unit DIS is not limited to FIGS. 1A to 1C and FIGS. 5A to 5C.
- an image area MA is provided so as not to touch the upper end, lower end, right end, and left end of the display unit DIS and to include the central portion CSB of the display unit DIS.
- a black area BA is provided in contact with the left end, right end and bottom end.
- character strings LA1 to LA4 are displayed in the black area BA.
- the image when an image is displayed on the display unit DIS, the image is enlarged or reduced so as to fit within the display unit DIS without changing the aspect ratio of the image. It is preferably displayed on the DIS. Further, depending on the situation, when an image is displayed on the display unit DIS, the image may be displayed on the display unit DIS after being enlarged or reduced by changing the aspect ratio of the image so as to fit within the display unit DIS. good.
- the image displayed on the display unit DIS does not necessarily have to fit within the display unit DIS.
- the display device DSP may be configured to display only a portion of the image on the display unit DIS instead of the entire image.
- the images of FIGS. 5A-5D may be enlarged to display a portion of the images in image area MA.
- the enlarged image is the image LI, and part of the image LI is displayed in the image area MA.
- a portion not displayed in the image area MA is indicated by a thick dashed line.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of the display device DSP.
- the display device DSP shown in FIG. 6 has a display section DIS and a peripheral circuit PRPH.
- the peripheral circuit PRPH includes a circuit GDS including a plurality of drive circuits GD, a circuit SDS including a plurality of drive circuits SD, a distribution circuit DMG, a distribution circuit DMS, a control section CTR, a memory device MD, and a voltage generation circuit. It has PG, a timing controller TMC, a clock signal generation circuit CKS, an image processing unit GPS, and an interface INT.
- the drive circuit region DRV including each of the plurality of drive circuits GD overlaps the pixel layer PXAL including the plurality of display regions ARA as shown in FIGS. 2A to 4, but FIG.
- a plurality of drive circuits GD are shown arranged in a line.
- the drive circuit region DRV including each of the plurality of drive circuits SD overlaps the pixel layer PXAL including the plurality of display regions ARA as shown in FIGS. 2A to 4, but in FIG.
- a plurality of drive circuits SD are shown arranged in a row.
- the peripheral circuit PRPH is included in the circuit layer SICL shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example. Also, the circuit GDS and the circuit SDS included in the peripheral circuit PRPH are included in the drive circuit region DRV shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example.
- Each of the processing unit GPS and the interface INT may be electrically connected to a circuit included in the drive circuit region DRV as an external circuit, for example.
- At least one of the processing unit GPS and the interface INT may be included in the area LIA.
- the circuits not included in the area LIA among the above-described circuits may be electrically connected as external circuits to at least one of the circuits included in the area LIA and the circuits included in the drive circuit area DRV.
- a distribution circuit DMG a distribution circuit DMS, a control unit CTR, a memory device MD, a voltage generation circuit PG, a timing controller TMC, a clock signal generation circuit CKS, an image processing unit GPS, and an interface INT, respectively transmit and receive various signals to and from each other via the bus wiring BW.
- the interface INT has a function as a circuit for taking in, for example, image information for displaying an image on the display device DSP, which is output from an external device, into a circuit within the peripheral circuit PRPH.
- the external device here includes, for example, a recording media player, a non-volatile storage device such as a HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and an SSD (Solid State Drive).
- the interface INT may be a circuit that outputs a signal from a circuit in the peripheral circuit PRPH to a device outside the display device DSP.
- the interface INT is, for example, configured to have an antenna for receiving image information, a mixer, an amplifier circuit, and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit. be able to.
- the control unit CTR has the function of processing various control signals sent from an external device via the interface INT and controlling various circuits included in the peripheral circuit PRPH.
- the memory device MD has a function of temporarily holding information and image signals.
- the storage device MD functions, for example, as a frame memory (sometimes called a frame buffer). Further, the storage device MD may have a function of temporarily holding at least one of information sent from an external device via the interface INT and information processed by the control unit CTR.
- the storage device MD for example, at least one of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) can be applied.
- the voltage generation circuit PG has a function of generating a power supply voltage to be supplied to each of the pixel circuits included in the display section DIS and the circuits included in the peripheral circuit PRPH.
- the voltage generation circuit PG may have a function of selecting a circuit to supply voltage.
- the voltage generation circuit PG supplies voltage to the circuit GDS, the circuit SDS, the image processing unit GPS, the timing controller TMC, and the clock signal generation circuit CKS while the display unit DIS is displaying a still image. By stopping, the power consumption of the entire display device DSP can be reduced.
- the timing controller TMC has the function of generating timing signals used by the plurality of drive circuits GD included in the circuit GDS and the plurality of drive circuits SD included in the circuit SDS. Note that the clock signal generated by the clock signal generation circuit CKS can be used to generate the timing signal.
- the image processing unit GPS has a function of performing processing for drawing an image on the display unit DIS.
- the image processing unit GPS may have a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit).
- the image processing unit GPS can process image data to be displayed on the display unit DIS at high speed by adopting a configuration that performs pipeline processing in parallel.
- the image processing unit GPS can also function as a decoder for restoring encoded images.
- the image processing unit GPS has a circuit GP1 and a circuit GP2.
- the circuit GP1 has, for example, a function of receiving image data to be displayed in the image area MA and generating an image signal from the image data.
- the circuit GP2 has a function of receiving image data (black and character string) to be displayed in the black area BA and generating an image signal (black and character string) from the image data.
- the image processing unit GPS may have a function of correcting the color tone of the image displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the image processing unit GPS is preferably provided with one or both of a light adjustment circuit and a color adjustment circuit.
- the circuit GP1 may be provided with an EL correction circuit.
- Artificial intelligence may also be used for the image correction described above.
- the current flowing through the display device provided in the pixel is obtained by monitoring, the image displayed on the display unit DIS is obtained with an image sensor or the like, and the current (or voltage ) and the image may be treated as input data for computation of artificial intelligence (for example, an artificial neural network), and the presence or absence of correction of the image may be determined based on the output result.
- artificial intelligence for example, an artificial neural network
- artificial intelligence calculations can be applied not only to image correction, but also to up-conversion processing (down-conversion processing) of image data. Accordingly, by performing up-conversion (down-conversion) of image data with a small screen resolution to match the screen resolution of the display unit DIS, an image with a high display quality can be displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the above-described artificial intelligence calculation can be performed using, for example, a GPU included in the image processing unit GPS. That is, the GPU can be used to perform various correction calculations (for example, color unevenness correction and up-conversion).
- the GPU that performs artificial intelligence calculations is referred to as an AI accelerator. That is, in this specification and the like, the GPU may be replaced with an AI accelerator for explanation.
- the clock signal generation circuit CKS has a function of generating a clock signal.
- the clock signal generation circuit CKS also includes a circuit CK1 and a circuit CK2.
- the circuit CK1 for example, has a function of generating a clock signal for displaying a desired image in the image area MA provided in the display unit DIS. It has the function of generating clock signals for displaying images (black and text).
- the frame frequency of the clock signal generated by the circuit CK2 is preferably lower than the frame frequency of the clock signal generated by the circuit CK1. Further, for this reason, the circuit CK1 and the circuit CK2 may be configured to change the frame frequency of the clock signal generated by each.
- the distribution circuit DMG converts the signal received from the bus line BW into a drive circuit GD that drives pixels included in the image area MA or a drive circuit GD that drives pixels included in the black area BA, depending on the content of the signal. It has a function to send to one of
- the distribution circuit DMS converts the signal received from the bus wiring BW into a drive circuit SD for driving pixels included in the image area MA or a drive circuit SD for driving pixels included in the black area BA, depending on the content of the signal. It has a function to send to one of
- the peripheral circuit PRPH may include a level shifter.
- a level shifter for example, has a function of converting a signal input to each circuit to an appropriate level.
- the configuration of the peripheral circuit PRPH of the display device DSP shown in FIG. 6 is an example, and the circuit configuration included in the peripheral circuit PRPH may be changed according to the situation. For example, if the display device DSP is configured to receive drive voltages for each circuit from the outside, it is not necessary to generate the drive voltages within the display device DSP. A configuration that does not include a PG may also be used.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing an example of the operation method of the display device DSP shown in FIG.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 has steps ST1 to ST5.
- Step ST1 has a step in which the control unit CTR obtains the aspect ratio of the image to be displayed on the display device DSP.
- the image can be image information input from an external device to the interface INT.
- step ST2 the control unit CTR divides the display unit DIS into an image area MA in which an image is displayed and a black area BA in which no image is displayed, based on the aspect ratio of the display device DSP and the aspect ratio of the image. It has a partitioning step. Specifically, in this step, one of the image area MA and the black area BA is allocated to each of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] included in the display unit DIS. be As a result, of the display areas ARA[1,1] to ARA[m,n] included in the display unit DIS, the address of the display area ARA that will be the image area MA and the display area ARA that will be the black area BA are displayed. an address is defined.
- the address of the display area ARA that becomes the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA that becomes the black area BA may be temporarily held in the storage device MD.
- step ST3 information including the address of the display area ARA to be the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA to be the black area BA is transmitted to each of the distribution circuit DMG and the distribution circuit DMS.
- step ST3 information including the address of the display area ARA to be the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA to be the black area BA is transmitted to each of the distribution circuit DMG and the distribution circuit DMS.
- step ST3 information including the address of the display area ARA to be the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA to be the black area BA is transmitted to each of the distribution circuit DMG and the distribution circuit DMS.
- step ST3 information including the address of the display area ARA to be the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA to be the black area BA is transmitted to each of the distribution circuit DMG and the distribution circuit DMS.
- step ST3 information including the address of the display area ARA to be the image area MA and the address of the display area ARA to be the black area BA is transmitted to each of the distribution circuit
- the plurality of drive circuits SD included in the distribution circuit DMS are arranged to drive the pixel circuits of the display area ARA, which is the image area MA, and the display area BA, which is the black area BA. and a drive circuit SD for driving the ARA pixel circuit.
- the distribution circuit DMG uses the selection signal to drive the pixel circuits included in the display area ARA of the image area MA.
- the distribution circuit DMG receives a selection signal corresponding to the display area ARA of the black area BA
- the distribution circuit DMG distributes the selection signal to the pixels included in the display area ARA of the black area BA. It can be sent to the drive circuit GD which drives the circuit.
- the distribution circuit DMS when the distribution circuit DMS receives an image signal to be displayed in the display area ARA of the image area MA, the distribution circuit DMS sends the image signal to the drive circuit GD corresponding to the display area ARA of the image area MA.
- the distribution circuit DMG distributes the image signal to the display area ARA of the black area BA. can be sent to the drive circuit GD that
- the display included in the image area MA can be displayed.
- the frame frequencies of the area ARA and the display area ARA included in the black area BA can be set to different values.
- the display area ARA included in the black area BA (displaying black or a character string) has a higher display image rewrite count than the display area ARA included in the image area MA (displaying a still image or moving image).
- the frame frequency in the display area ARA included in the black area BA can be made lower than the frame frequency in the display area ARA included in the image area MA.
- step ST4 the image processing unit GPS generates an image signal for displaying an image in the image area MA of the display unit DIS, and displays an image (black and character string) in the black area BA of the display unit DIS. and generating an image signal of.
- generation of an image signal for displaying an image in the image area MA of the display unit DIS is performed by the circuit GP1 included in the image processing unit GPS.
- the circuit GP1 for example, one or both of dimming and toning processes are performed on an image to be displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the display pixel circuit included in the display section DIS includes an organic EL element
- the circuit GP1 may be provided with an EL correction circuit.
- the generated image signal is transmitted to the memory device MD or the distribution circuit DMS.
- generation of an image signal for displaying an image in the black area BA of the display unit DIS is performed by the circuit GP2 included in the image processing unit GPS.
- the circuit GP2 acquires image data including character strings transmitted from the interface INT, and generates image signals (black and character strings) from the image data. Also, the generated image signals (black and character strings) are sent to the memory device MD or the distribution circuit DMS.
- step ST5 the image signal generated by the circuit GP1 is transmitted to the display area ARA of the image area MA of the display unit DIS in step ST4, and the image signal (black and text) generated by the circuit GP2 is transmitted in step ST4.
- column) is transmitted to the display area ARA of the black area BA of the display DIS.
- the display device DSP can display an image in the image area MA and display black and a character string in the black area BA.
- the operation method of the configuration example described in this specification and the like is not limited to steps ST1 to ST5 shown in FIG.
- processes shown in flowcharts are classified by function and shown as independent steps.
- it is difficult to separate the processing shown in the flowchart for each function and there may be cases where one step involves multiple steps, or where one step involves multiple steps, or both. . Therefore, the processing shown in the flowchart is not limited to each step described in the specification, and can be appropriately replaced depending on the situation. Specifically, the order of steps can be changed, steps can be added, deleted, and the like, depending on the situation.
- Embodiment 2 an electronic device including the display device described in the above embodiment will be described.
- the electronic device may be, for example, a head-mounted display.
- the user's eyes are given an image (light) displayed on the display device in the head-mounted display.
- the head mounted display is provided with a speaker (audio output unit)
- the user's ears are provided with audio from the speaker.
- the display unit of the display device By increasing the definition of the display unit of the display device and the color reproducibility of the display unit, it is possible to enhance the sense of reality and immersion in the head-mounted display.
- the sense of reality and immersion in the head-mounted display can be further enhanced.
- a user wearing a head-mounted display may not notice changes in the user's surroundings. Specifically, when another person approaches the user wearing the head-mounted display, the user may not notice the other person. Also, for example, when someone else calls the user wearing the head-mounted display, the user may not notice the call.
- a user wearing a head-mounted display may notice ringing sounds (e.g. interphone sounds), alarm sounds (e.g. sounds announcing gas leak alarms, fire alarms, and earthquake early warnings), and surrounding sounds. sometimes not.
- An aspect of the present invention is an electronic device in view of the above problems.
- one aspect of the present invention is an electronic device (head-mounted display) that allows a user to obtain information on the environment of the outside world when the user wears the electronic device (head-mounted display).
- FIG. 8A shows a structure of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A shows a user UR wearing a head-mounted display HMD, which is an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention. Also, in FIG. 8A, the user UR holds the controller RMC and operates the head mounted display HMD.
- FIG. 8A also shows an image displayed on the display unit DIS of the display device DSP.
- the head-mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8A has, as an example, a display device DSP, an audio output unit SOP, and an audio input unit SIP. Note that the display device DSP, the audio output unit SOP, and the audio input unit SIP are each attached to the housing of the head mounted display HMD.
- the description of the display device DSP described in the first embodiment is taken into consideration.
- the screen size of the display device DSP can be, for example, 0.99 inches, 1.50 inches, and 2 inches.
- 8K UHD (8K Ultra High Definition, 8K4K) (7680 x 4320), UHD (Ultra High Definition, 4K2K) (3840 x 2160), and FHD (Full High Definition) (1920 ⁇ 1080).
- an image area MA and a black area are provided in the display unit of the display device DSP in FIG. 8A, as an example.
- An image generated by an application of the head mounted display HMD is displayed in the image area MA.
- the user UR is operating the head mounted display HMD using the controller RMC while viewing the image area MA.
- the voice output unit SOP has a function of giving voice to the user UR.
- the sound may be the sound of an application running on the head mounted display HMD.
- a speaker can be used as the audio output unit SOP.
- the voice input unit SIP has a function of acquiring sounds around the user UR wearing the head-mounted display HMD (audio of the outside world). Also, the sound is converted into an electrical signal and processed by an internal circuit of the head mounted display HMD. For example, the voice input unit SIP acquires a voice SND generated in the external world, and the voice SND is processed as input data by an internal circuit of the head mounted display HMD.
- the voice input unit SIP can be, for example, a microphone.
- the voice SND can be, for example, the voice of another person (calling), the sound of an intercom, and the alarm sound.
- the internal circuit of the head-mounted display HMD By inputting the voice SND to the voice input unit SIP, the internal circuit of the head-mounted display HMD generates character information based on the voice SND. Next, using the generated character information, an image including the character string LA is generated. Accordingly, an image including the character string LA can be displayed in the black area BA of the display unit DIS included in the display device DSP.
- the generated character string LA is "Mr. A (name of the other person) is calling" or "Someone is calling”. can do.
- the generated character string LA can be "visitor” or “visitor has come”.
- the generated character string LA may be "A gas leak warning is occurring", “Fire warning is occurring”, or "Earthquake early warning is notified It can be said that
- the head mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8A is configured to acquire information around the user UR using the voice input unit SIP, but one aspect of the present invention is not limited to this.
- One aspect of the present invention may be configured to have a sensor SNC, for example.
- the head-mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8B has a configuration in which the head-mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8A is provided with a sensor SNC without the voice input unit SIP.
- the sensor SNC can be, for example, an image sensor capable of receiving at least one of visible light and infrared light.
- FIG. 8B also illustrates the other person's OTH located around the user UR.
- the internal circuit of the head-mounted display HMD By imaging the other person OTH with the sensor SNC, the internal circuit of the head-mounted display HMD generates character information according to the imaged content. Next, using the generated character information, an image including the character string LA is generated. Accordingly, an image including the character string LA can be displayed in the black area BA of the display unit DIS included in the display device DSP.
- the generated character string LA can be "people are approaching” or “people are nearby", and the user UR is alerted. Arousal can be encouraged.
- the other person OTH is illustrated, but it may be an object instead of a person.
- the generated string LA can be "object approaching” or "please be careful”.
- the sensor SNC is provided in the housing provided with the display device DSP.
- One or more selected from the temple portion and the head-mounted portion of the head mounted display HMD may also be provided.
- one aspect of the present invention may be, for example, a configuration of a head-mounted display HMD that displays notification information that has arrived at the information terminal in the black area BA of the display unit DIS.
- the information terminals include wearable terminals, mobile terminals including smartphones, tablet terminals, and desktop terminals.
- one aspect of the present invention may be a head mounted display HMD having an antenna ANT as shown in FIG.
- the head-mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 9 has a configuration in which the head-mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8A is provided with an antenna ANT without providing the voice input section SIP.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of transmitting the notification information to the head-mounted display HMD when the notification information is received by the information terminal SMP, which is a smart phone.
- notification information examples include e-mail, SNS (Social Networking Service) notifications, news, application update information, and operating system update information.
- SNS Social Networking Service
- the information terminal SMP When the information terminal SMP obtains the notification information, the information terminal SMP transmits a radio signal WV to the antenna ANT of the head mounted display HMD.
- the radio signal WV contains notification information obtained by the information terminal SMP.
- the head mounted display HMD acquires the notification information from the wireless signal WV by receiving the wireless signal WV through the antenna ANT, and generates character information from the notification information. Next, using the generated character information, an image including the character string LA is generated. An image containing the character string LA can then be displayed in the black area BA of the display unit DIS included in the display device DSP. This allows the user UR to know the notification information that has arrived at the information terminal SMP even when wearing the head mounted display HMD.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of a head mounted display HMD.
- the head mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 10 includes a display device DSP, a sensor SNC, an audio output unit SOP, an audio input unit SIP, an antenna ANT, an image generation unit PGP, a conversion unit HKB, and a control unit CP. , and a storage unit MU. Note that FIG. 10 also shows the controller RMC and the information terminal SMP.
- the head-mounted display HMD includes a display device DSP, a sensor SNC, an audio output unit SOP, an audio input unit SIP, an antenna ANT, a conversion unit HKB, an image generation unit PGP, a control unit CP, and a storage unit.
- Each of the units MU and MU transmits and receives various signals to and from each other via the bus wiring BE.
- the sensor SNC, the audio output unit SOP, the audio input unit SIP, the antenna ANT, and the controller RMC shown in FIG. 10 refer to the above description.
- control unit CP shown in FIG. 10 has, as an example, a function of performing general-purpose processing such as execution of an operating system, data control, various calculations, or program execution. Therefore, the control unit CP may have a CPU.
- the controller CP has, for example, a function of transmitting a control signal to each circuit included in the head mounted display HMD.
- the CPU included in the control unit CP may have a circuit for temporarily backing up data (hereinafter referred to as a backup circuit).
- the backup circuit is preferably capable of holding the data even when the supply of power supply voltage is stopped, for example. For example, when a still image is displayed on the display device DSP, the CPU can stop functioning until an image different from the current still image is displayed. Therefore, by temporarily saving the data being processed by the CPU in a backup circuit and then stopping the supply of the power supply voltage to the CPU to stop the CPU, the dynamic power consumption of the CPU can be reduced. can be done.
- NoffCPU registered trademark
- the conversion unit HKB has a function of acquiring the voice SND acquired by the voice input unit SIP, the captured image acquired by the sensor SNC, or the notification information of the information terminal SMP received by the antenna ANT, and converting it into text information.
- the conversion unit HKB performs speech recognition and converts the speech SND into text information.
- the conversion unit HKB performs image analysis and converts people or objects around the user UR into character information.
- the conversion unit HKB shown in FIG. 10 may have an arithmetic circuit for performing calculations of the calculation model of the artificial neural network.
- arithmetic circuits include a sum-of-products arithmetic circuit and an activation function circuit. That is, the conversion unit HKB may have the AI accelerator described above.
- the conversion unit HKB is capable of calculating the calculation model of the artificial neural network, for example, in the usage example of the head-mounted display HMD described in FIG. 8A, it may be possible to identify the voice SND.
- the conversion unit HKB uses speech recognition by an artificial neural network to convert the speech SND into appropriate characters by determining that the speech SND is, for example, a call by another person, an interphone sound, or an alarm sound. It can be transformed into data containing information.
- Computational models of artificial neural networks that can be used for speech recognition include, for example, recurrent neural networks (RNN), LSTM (Long Short-Time Memory), Transformers, and BERTs (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). . Also, for example, dynamic time warping or hidden Markov models may be used.
- the conversion unit HKB is capable of calculating a computational model of an artificial neural network, for example, in the usage example of the head-mounted display HMD described in FIG. 8B, it is possible to identify people or things around the user UR. Sometimes.
- the conversion unit HKB uses image analysis by an artificial neural network to determine people or things around the user UR, and converts people or things around the user UR into appropriate character information (when called character data). ) can be converted to
- Deep learning it is particularly preferable to use deep learning as the artificial neural network used for the above image analysis.
- deep learning it is preferable to use, for example, convolutional neural networks (CNN), recurrent neural networks, autoencoders (AE), variational autoencoders (VAE), and generative adversarial networks (GAN).
- computational models other than artificial neural networks used for image analysis include, for example, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, and the like.
- the image generation unit PGP has a function of generating image data including a character string LA corresponding to the character information converted by the conversion unit HKB.
- the image data is transmitted to the circuit GP2 of the display device DSP, for example, so that the character string LA can be displayed in the black area BA of the display section DIS of the display device DSP.
- the storage unit MU shown in FIG. 10 includes, for example, firmware related to the head mounted display HMD (which may be an operating system), the above-described calculation model, and temporary data generated in each circuit included in the head mounted display HMD. It has a function to hold at least one of the necessary data. Also, the storage unit MU may have at least one of an HDD and an SDD, for example.
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing an example of a method of operating the head mounted display HMD shown in FIGS. 8A to 10.
- FIG. The flowchart shown in FIG. 11 has steps SU1 to SU5.
- Step SU1 has a step in which the head mounted display HMD acquires external information.
- the external information here can be the voice SND in FIG. 8A, the surroundings of the user UR in FIG. 8B, or the notification information received by the information terminal SMP in FIG. If the external information is the audio SND in FIG. 8A, the head mounted display HMD acquires the audio SND through the audio input unit SIP, or if the external information is the surroundings of the user UR in FIG. 8B, the head mounted display HMD , the information around the user UR is acquired by the sensor SNC, or when the external information is notification information received by the information terminal SMP in FIG. to get
- Step SU2 has a step in which the conversion unit HKB generates character information based on the external information acquired in step SU1.
- the character information can be generated using, for example, the artificial neural network calculation model described above.
- the conversion unit HKB may select from a plurality of calculation models for calculation depending on the type of external information acquired by the head mounted display HMD.
- Step SU3 has a step in which the image generator PGP uses the character information generated in step SU2 to generate image data including the character string LA.
- Step SU4 has a step in which the image generator PGP transmits the image data generated in step SU3 from the image generator PGP to the circuit GP2 of the display device DSP.
- Step SU5 has, for example, a step in which steps ST4 and ST5 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 are performed.
- the head mounted display HMD can display the character string LA in the black area BA of the display unit DIS to provide the user UR with external information around the user UR.
- the head mounted display HMD which is an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention, may have a configuration including a voice input unit SIP and a sensor SNC. Furthermore, the head mounted display HMD may be configured to display an image captured by the sensor SNC in the image area MA of the display unit DIS. Note that the head mounted display HMD described above can have, for example, the configuration of the block diagram shown in FIG. 10 .
- FIG. 12A shows a user UR wearing a head-mounted display HMD having a voice input unit SIP and a sensor SNC.
- FIG. 12A also shows how the sensor SNC captures an image of the other person OTH.
- the image captured by the sensor SNC may be displayed on the display unit DIS of the display device DSP of the head mounted display HMD.
- FIG. 12A shows an example in which a captured image (other person OTH) is displayed in the image area MA of the display unit DIS.
- the head mounted display HMD of FIG. 12A like the head mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 8A, outputs a voice (for example, voice "Hello! !”) is input, the character string LA corresponding to the voice may be displayed in the black area BA of the display unit DIS.
- the voice uttered by the other person OTH is acquired by the voice input unit SIP, and the voice is converted into character information by performing voice recognition by the conversion unit HKB of the head mounted display HMD, and the character information is converted into a character string.
- LA may be displayed in the black area BA.
- the character string LA obtained by converting the voice uttered by the other person's OTH (for example, the voice uttered by the other person's OTH shown in FIG. 12B, "Hello!") is Instead, it may be displayed in the image area MA.
- the image generation unit PGP of the head-mounted display HMD performs image processing so that the character string LA is displayed in the image captured by the sensor SNC.
- a captured image including LA can be displayed on the display unit DIS.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display surrounding sounds as character strings on the display unit DIS.
- surrounding sounds can be visually captured, which can be used, for example, to assist deaf people (people with hearing disabilities).
- FIG. 13 is a flow chart showing an example of a method of operating the head mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 12A.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 13 has steps SV1 to SV6.
- Step SV1 has a step in which the head mounted display HMD acquires external information.
- the external information here can be the voice uttered by the other person OTH in FIG. 12A.
- the voice input unit SIP of the head mounted display HMD acquires the voice uttered by the other person OTH.
- Step SV2 has a step in which the conversion unit HKB generates character information based on the external information acquired in step SV1.
- the conversion unit HKB generates character information based on the voice uttered by the other person OTH through voice recognition.
- the character information can be generated using, for example, the computational model of the artificial neural network described above.
- Step SV3 has a step in which the sensor SNC of the head-mounted display HMD captures an image of the surroundings of the user UR. Thereby, the head mounted display HMD can acquire imaging data around the user UR.
- the conversion unit HKB may identify people or things around the user UR from the imaging data by image analysis.
- steps SV1 and SV2 may be performed prior to step SV3, or may be performed simultaneously with step SV3.
- Step SV4 is a step in which the image generation unit PGP generates image data to be displayed on the display unit DIS of the display device DSP, using the character information generated in step SV2 and the imaging data imaged in step SV3.
- the image generation unit PGP generates image data including the character string LA to be displayed in the black area BA of the display unit DIS from the character information generated in step SV2.
- the image generation unit PGP has a step of generating image data to be displayed in the image area MA of the display unit DIS from the imaging data generated in step SV3.
- Step SV5 has a step in which the image generation unit PGP transmits the image data generated in step SV4 from the image generation unit PGP to the image processing unit GPS of the display device DSP. Specifically, for example, in step SV5, the image generation unit PGP transmits image data based on the imaging data generated in step SV4 to the circuit GP1; , transmitting the image data including the character string LA generated in step SV4.
- Step SV6 has, for example, steps in which steps ST4 and ST5 of the flowchart shown in FIG. 7 are performed.
- the display device DSP can display the captured image in the image area MA and the character string LA in the black area BA as shown in FIG. 12A.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing an example of a method of operating the head mounted display HMD shown in FIG. 12B.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 14 has steps SW1 to SW5.
- Step SW1 to Step SW3 Each operation of steps SW1 to SW3 is the same as the operation of steps SV1 to SV3 described above. Therefore, the description of steps SV1 to SV3 will be referred to for the respective operations of steps SW1 to SW3.
- a step SW4 is a step in which the image generation unit PGP generates image data to be displayed on the display unit DIS of the display device DSP using the character information generated in step SW2 and the imaging data captured in step SW3.
- the image generation unit PGP generates a character string LA from the character information generated in step SV2, and the image generation unit PGP transforms the image data generated in step SV3 into , and synthesizing the character string LA to generate image data.
- image analysis is performed by the conversion unit HKB, and the position of the character string LA may be optimized by identifying the person who uttered the voice.
- Step SW5 has a step in which the image generation unit PGP transmits the image data generated in step SW4 from the image generation unit PGP to the image processing unit GPS of the display device DSP. Specifically, for example, step SW5 has a step in which the image generation unit PGP transmits image data obtained by synthesizing the imaging data generated in step SV4 and the character string LA to the circuit GP1.
- Step SW6 has a step in which circuit GP1 generates an image signal for displaying an image in image area MA.
- Step SW7 has a step in which the image signal generated by the circuit GP1 in step SW6 is transmitted to the display area ARA of the image area MA of the display section DIS.
- the display device DSP can display the captured image and the character string LA in the image area MA, as shown in FIG. 12B.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may be a glasses-type head-mounted display.
- the user UR can Voices, people, or things around the UR itself can be acquired as character information. Also, notification information that has arrived at an electronic device different from the head mounted display HMD can be displayed on the display device DSP of the head mounted display HMD.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- a display device 1000 illustrated in FIG. 15 has, for example, a structure in which a pixel circuit, a driver circuit, and the like are provided over a substrate 310 .
- the configuration of the display device DSP of the embodiment described above can be the configuration of the display device 1000 in FIG.
- the circuit layer SICL, wiring layer LINL, and pixel layer PXAL shown in the display device DSP in FIG. 2 can be configured as in the display device 1000 in FIG.
- the circuit layer SICL has, for example, a substrate 310 on which a transistor 300 is formed.
- a wiring layer LINL is provided above the transistor 300.
- the wiring layer LINL includes wirings that electrically connect the transistor 300, the transistor 200 described later, the light-emitting devices 150a and 150b described later, and the like. is provided.
- a pixel layer PXAL is provided above the wiring layer LINL, and the pixel layer PXAL includes, for example, a transistor 200 and a light emitting device 150 (light emitting device 150a and light emitting device 150b in FIG. 15). .
- the substrate 310 for example, a semiconductor substrate (for example, a single crystal substrate made of silicon or germanium) can be used.
- the substrate 310 includes, for example, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a plastic substrate, a sapphire glass substrate, a metal substrate, a stainless steel substrate, and a stainless steel foil.
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- Substrates, tungsten substrates, substrates with tungsten foil, flexible substrates, laminated films, paper containing fibrous materials, or substrate films can be used.
- glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or soda lime glass.
- plastics that are represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PES polyethersulfone
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- plastics that are Alternatively, another example is synthetic resin such as acrylic resin. Or another example is polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride. Alternatively, another example includes polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy resin, inorganic deposition film, or paper. Note that when heat treatment is included in the manufacturing process of the display device 1000, a material having high heat resistance is preferably selected for the substrate 310.
- the substrate 310 is described as a semiconductor substrate, particularly a single crystal substrate containing silicon.
- the transistor 300 is provided over a substrate 310 and includes an element isolation layer 312, a conductor 316, an insulator 315, an insulator 317, a semiconductor region 313 which is part of the substrate 310, and a low resistance region which functions as a source region or a drain region. It has a region 314a and a low resistance region 314b. Therefore, the transistor 300 is a Si transistor. Note that FIG. 15 shows a structure in which one of the source and the drain of the transistor 300 is electrically connected to conductors 330, 356, and 366, which are described later, through a conductor 328, which is described later. However, the electrical connection structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure in which the gate of the transistor 300 is electrically connected to the conductors 330 , 356 , and 366 through the conductor 328 , for example.
- the transistor 300 can be made Fin-type, for example, by covering the upper surface and side surfaces in the channel width direction of the semiconductor region 313 with the conductor 316 via the insulator 315 functioning as a gate insulating film.
- the effective channel width can be increased, and the on-characteristics of the transistor 300 can be improved. Further, since the contribution of the electric field of the gate electrode can be increased, the off characteristics of the transistor 300 can be improved.
- the transistor 300 may be either p-channel type or n-channel type. Alternatively, a plurality of transistors 300 may be provided and both p-channel and n-channel transistors may be used.
- a region in which a channel of the semiconductor region 313 is formed, a region in the vicinity thereof, a low-resistance region 314a and a low-resistance region 314b that serve as a source region or a drain region preferably contain a silicon-based semiconductor. preferably contains monocrystalline silicon.
- both machines described above may be made of a material comprising, for example, germanium (Ge), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAlAs), or gallium nitride (GaN). good.
- a structure using silicon in which the effective mass is controlled by applying stress to the crystal lattice and changing the lattice spacing may be used.
- the transistor 300 may be a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) using gallium arsenide and aluminum gallium arsenide.
- a semiconductor material such as silicon containing an element imparting n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus or an element imparting p-type conductivity such as boron or aluminum can be used.
- the conductor 316 can be, for example, a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, or a metal oxide material.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be adjusted by selecting the material of the conductor. Specifically, one or both of titanium nitride and tantalum nitride is preferably used for the conductor. Furthermore, in order to achieve both conductivity and embeddability, it is preferable to use one or both of metal materials of tungsten and aluminum as a laminate for the conductor, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the element isolation layer 312 is provided to isolate a plurality of transistors formed on the substrate 310 from each other.
- the element isolation layer can be formed using, for example, a LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) method, an STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method, or a mesa isolation method.
- LOCOS Local Oxidation of Silicon
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- the transistor 300 illustrated in FIG. 15 is an example, and the structure thereof is not limited, and an appropriate transistor may be used according to the circuit configuration, driving method, and the like.
- the transistor 300 may have a planar structure instead of a Fin structure.
- an insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are stacked in this order from the substrate 310 side.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 include, for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, or aluminum nitride. You can use it.
- the insulator 322 may function as a planarization film that planarizes steps caused by the insulator 320 and the transistor 300 covered with the insulator 322 .
- the top surface of the insulator 322 may be planarized by planarization treatment using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method to improve planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the insulator 324 water and It is preferable to use a barrier insulating film that does not allow diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen. Therefore, for the insulator 324, it is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and water molecules (through which the above impurities hardly penetrate).
- the insulator 324 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (eg, N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 ), copper atoms (the oxygen) It is preferable to use an insulating material that is hard to permeate. Alternatively, it preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, one or both of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules).
- Silicon nitride formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the desorption amount of hydrogen can be analyzed using, for example, thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS).
- TDS thermal desorption spectrometry
- the amount of hydrogen released from the insulator 324 is the amount of hydrogen atoms released per area of the insulator 324 when the surface temperature of the film is in the range of 50° C. to 500° C. in TDS analysis. , 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms/cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 326 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 324 .
- the dielectric constant of insulator 326 is preferably less than 4, more preferably less than 3.
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 326 is preferably 0.7 times or less, more preferably 0.6 times or less, that of the insulator 324 .
- conductors 328 and 330 connected to a light-emitting device or the like provided above the insulator 326 are embedded.
- the conductors 328 and 330 function as plugs or wirings.
- conductors that function as plugs or wiring may have a plurality of structures collectively given the same reference numerals.
- the wiring and the plug connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, part of the conductor may function as wiring, and part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- each plug and wiring for example, the conductor 328 and the conductor 330
- a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material is used as a single layer or laminated.
- a high-melting-point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten.
- a low-resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper. Wiring resistance can be reduced by using a low-resistance conductive material.
- a wiring layer may be provided over the insulator 326 and the conductor 330 .
- an insulator 350 , an insulator 352 , and an insulator 354 are stacked in this order over an insulator 326 and a conductor 330 .
- a conductor 356 is formed over the insulators 350 , 352 , and 354 .
- the conductor 356 functions as a plug or wiring connected to the transistor 300 . Note that the conductor 356 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductors 328 and 330 .
- the insulator 350 for example, an insulator having barrier properties against hydrogen, oxygen, and water is preferably used like the insulator 324.
- an insulator with a relatively low dielectric constant is preferably used in order to reduce parasitic capacitance between wirings.
- the insulator 352 and the insulator 354 function as an interlayer insulating film and a planarization film.
- the conductor 356 preferably contains a conductor having barrier properties against hydrogen, oxygen, and water.
- tantalum nitride for example, may be used as the conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen. Further, by stacking tantalum nitride and tungsten having high conductivity, diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 300 can be suppressed while the conductivity of the wiring is maintained. In this case, it is preferable that the tantalum nitride layer having a barrier property against hydrogen be in contact with the insulator 350 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- An insulator 360 , an insulator 362 , and an insulator 364 are stacked in this order over the insulator 354 and the conductor 356 .
- an insulator having a barrier property against impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used, like the insulator 324 and the like. Therefore, for the insulator 360, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 324 can be used.
- the insulators 362 and 364 function as an interlayer insulating film and a planarization film.
- an insulator having a barrier property against impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used, like the insulator 324. Therefore, one or both of the insulators 362 and 364 can be formed using a material that can be used for the insulator 324 .
- openings are formed in regions of the insulators 360, 362, and 364, which overlap with part of the conductor 356, and the conductor 366 is provided so as to fill the openings.
- a conductor 366 is also formed over the insulator 362 .
- the conductor 366 functions, for example, as a plug or wiring that connects to the transistor 300 .
- the conductor 366 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductors 328 and 330 .
- An insulator 370 and an insulator 372 are laminated in this order on the insulator 364 and conductor 366 .
- the insulator 370 it is preferable to use an insulator having a barrier property against impurities such as water and hydrogen, similarly to the insulator 324 and the like. Therefore, for the insulator 370, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 324 or the like can be used.
- the insulator 372 functions as an interlayer insulating film and a planarizing film.
- an insulator having barrier properties against impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used. Therefore, for the insulator 372, a material that can be used for the insulator 324 can be used.
- An opening is formed in each of the insulators 370 and 372 in a region overlapping with a part of the conductor 366, and the conductor 376 is provided so as to fill the opening.
- a conductor 376 is also formed over the insulator 372 . After that, the conductor 376 is patterned into a shape such as a wiring, a terminal, or a pad by an etching process or the like.
- the conductor 376 for example, copper, aluminum, tin, zinc, tungsten, silver, platinum, or gold can be used. Note that the conductor 376 is preferably made of the same material as the material used for the conductor 216 included in the pixel layer PXAL, which will be described later.
- an insulator 380 is formed so as to cover the insulator 372 and the conductor 376, and then planarization treatment is performed by, for example, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method until the conductor 376 is exposed.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the conductor 376 can be formed on the substrate 310 as a wiring, terminal, or pad.
- the insulator 380 for example, like the insulator 324, it is preferable to use a film having barrier properties such that impurities such as water and hydrogen do not diffuse.
- a material that can be used for the insulator 324 is preferably used for the insulator 380 .
- an insulator with a relatively low relative dielectric constant may be used in order to reduce parasitic capacitance generated between wirings, like the insulator 326. That is, the insulator 380 may be formed using a material that can be used for the insulator 326 .
- the pixel layer PXAL is provided with, for example, a substrate 210, a transistor 200, a light emitting device 150 (light emitting device 150a and a light emitting device 150b in FIG. 15), and a substrate .
- the insulator 220, the insulator 222, the insulator 226, the insulator 250, the insulator 111a, the insulator 111b, the insulator 112, and the insulator 113 are provided.
- an insulator 162 and a resin layer 163 are provided.
- a conductor 122a and a conductor 122b) and a conductor 123 are provided.
- the insulator 202 functions as a bonding layer together with the insulator 380.
- the insulator 202 is preferably made of the same material as the insulator 380, for example.
- a substrate 210 is provided above the insulator 202 .
- the insulator 202 is formed on the bottom surface of the substrate 210 .
- a substrate that can be applied to the substrate 310 is preferably used. Note that in the display device 1000 of FIG. 15, the substrate 310 is described as a semiconductor substrate made of silicon.
- a transistor 200 is formed on the substrate 210 . Since the transistor 200 is formed on the substrate 210 which is a semiconductor substrate made of silicon, it functions as a Si transistor. Note that the description of the transistor 300 is referred to for the structure of the transistor 200 .
- the insulator 220 and an insulator 222 are provided above the transistor 200 .
- the insulator 220 has, for example, functions as an interlayer insulating film and a planarization film similarly to the insulator 320 .
- the insulator 222 also functions as, for example, an interlayer insulating film and a planarization film similarly to the insulator 322 .
- the insulators 220 and 222 are provided with a plurality of openings.
- a plurality of openings are formed in a region overlapping with the source and drain of the transistor 200, a region overlapping with the conductor 376, and the like.
- a conductor 228 is formed in an opening formed in a region overlapping with the source and the drain of the transistor 200 among the plurality of openings.
- the insulator 214 is formed on the side surface of the opening formed in the region overlapping with the conductor 376, and the conductor 216 is formed in the remaining opening.
- the conductor 216 may be called TSV (Through Silicon Via).
- conductor 216 For the conductor 216 or the conductor 228, for example, a material that can be applied to the conductor 328 can be used.
- conductor 216 is preferably made of the same material as conductor 376 .
- the insulator 214 has a function of insulating the substrate 210 and the conductor 216, for example. Note that for the insulator 214, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 320 or the insulator 324 is preferably used.
- the insulator 380 and the conductor 376 formed on the substrate 310 and the insulator 202 and the conductor 216 formed on the substrate 210 are bonded by, for example, a bonding process.
- a planarization process is performed on the substrate 310 side in order to match the surface heights of the insulator 380 and the conductor 376 .
- planarization treatment is performed on the substrate 210 side so that the insulators 202 and the conductors 216 have the same height.
- the bonding step when the insulator 380 and the insulator 202 are bonded, that is, when the insulating layers are bonded to each other, for example, after imparting high flatness by polishing, the surfaces that have been subjected to hydrophilic treatment with oxygen plasma are brought into contact with each other. It is possible to use a hydrophilic bonding method in which the bonding is performed by dehydration by heat treatment to perform temporary bonding. Hydrophilic bonding also provides mechanically superior bonding because bonding occurs at the atomic level.
- the surface oxide film and impurity adsorption layer are removed by sputtering or the like, and the cleaned and activated surfaces are separated.
- a surface activated bonding method of contact bonding can be used.
- a diffusion bonding method or the like in which surfaces are bonded using both temperature and pressure can be used. In both cases, bonding occurs at the atomic level, so excellent bonding can be obtained not only electrically but also mechanically.
- the conductor 376 on the substrate 310 side can be electrically connected to the conductor 216 on the substrate 210 side. Also, a mechanically strong connection can be obtained between the insulator 380 on the substrate 310 side and the insulator 202 on the substrate 210 side.
- a surface activation bonding method and a hydrophilic bonding method may be combined.
- the surface of the metal layer may be made of a hard-to-oxidize metal such as gold and subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
- a bonding method other than the above-described method may be used for bonding the substrate 310 and the substrate 210 together.
- a method of bonding the substrate 310 and the substrate 210 a method of flip chip bonding may be used.
- connection terminals such as bumps may be provided above the conductor 376 on the substrate 310 side or below the conductor 216 on the substrate 210 side.
- flip chip bonding for example, a method of injecting a resin containing anisotropic conductive particles between the insulator 380 and the insulator 202 and between the conductor 376 and the conductor 216 to join, silver tin solder and the like.
- an ultrasonic bonding method can be used.
- an underfill agent is added between the insulator 380 and the insulator 202 and in order to reduce physical stress such as impact and thermal stress. It may be implanted between body 376 and conductor 216 . Further, for example, a die bonding film may be used for bonding the substrates 310 and 210 together.
- An insulator 224 and an insulator 226 are stacked in this order on the insulator 222 , the insulator 214 , the conductor 216 and the conductor 228 .
- the insulator 224 is preferably a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing into the region above the insulator 224 . Therefore, for the insulator 224, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 324 is preferably used.
- the insulator 226 is preferably an interlayer film with a low dielectric constant. Therefore, for the insulator 226, it is preferable to use a material that can be applied to the insulator 326, for example.
- a conductor 230 electrically connected to the transistor 200, the light-emitting device 150, and the like is embedded in the insulator 224 and the insulator 226.
- the conductor 230 and the like have a function as a plug or wiring.
- a material that can be applied to the conductors 328, 330, or the like can be used, for example.
- An insulator 250, an insulator 111a, and an insulator 111b are stacked in this order on the insulators 224 and 226.
- an insulator having a barrier property against impurities such as water and hydrogen is preferably used, like the insulator 324 and the like. Therefore, for the insulator 250, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 324 or the like can be used.
- Various inorganic insulating films such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, and a nitride oxide insulating film can be preferably used for the insulator 111a and the insulator 111b, respectively.
- an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or an aluminum oxide film is preferably used.
- a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon nitride oxide film is preferably used for the insulator 111b. More specifically, it is preferable to use a silicon oxide film as the insulator 111a and a silicon nitride film as the insulator 111b.
- the insulator 111b preferably functions as an etching protection film.
- a nitride insulating film or a nitride oxide insulating film may be used as the insulator 111a, and an oxide insulating film or an oxynitride insulating film may be used as the insulator 111b.
- an example in which the insulator 111b is provided with the recessed portion is shown; however, the insulator 111b may not be provided with the recessed portion.
- openings are formed in regions of the insulators 250, the insulators 111a, and 111b, which overlap with part of the conductor 230, and the conductor 121 is provided so as to fill the openings.
- the conductor 121a and the conductor 121b illustrated in FIG. 15 are collectively referred to as the conductor 121 in this specification and the like.
- the conductor 121 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductors 328 and 330 .
- the pixel electrode described in this embodiment includes, for example, a material that reflects visible light, and the counter electrode includes a material that transmits visible light.
- the display device 1000 is of the top emission type. Light emitted by the light emitting device is emitted to the substrate 102 side. A material having high visible light transmittance is preferably used for the substrate 102 .
- a light-emitting device 150 a and a light-emitting device 150 b are provided above the conductor 121 .
- the light emitting device 150a and the light emitting device 150b will be described.
- the light-emitting device described in the present embodiment refers to a self-luminous light-emitting device such as an organic EL element (also referred to as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)).
- the light-emitting device electrically connected to the pixel circuit may be a self-luminous light-emitting device such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a micro LED, a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode), or a semiconductor laser. It is possible.
- the conductor 122a and the conductor 122b are formed by, for example, forming a conductive film over the insulator 111b, the conductor 121a, or the conductor 121b, and performing a patterning step and an etching step on the conductive film. can be formed.
- the conductors 122a and 122b function as anodes of the light-emitting devices 150a and 150b included in the display device 1000, respectively.
- indium tin oxide (sometimes called ITO) can be applied.
- each of the conductors 122a and 122b may have a laminated structure of two or more layers instead of one layer.
- a conductor with high reflectance to visible light can be used as the conductor in the first layer
- a conductor with high light-transmitting property can be used as the conductor in the top layer.
- Examples of conductors having a high reflectance with respect to visible light include silver, aluminum, or an alloy film of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) (Ag—Pd—Cu (APC) film). mentioned.
- examples of the conductor with high light-transmitting property include the above-described indium tin oxide.
- the conductor 122a and the conductor 122b for example, a laminated film of aluminum sandwiched between a pair of titanium (a laminated film of Ti, Al, and Ti in this order) or a silver film sandwiched between a pair of indium tin oxides is used. (a laminated film of ITO, Ag, and ITO in this order).
- An EL layer 141a is provided on the conductor 122a.
- An EL layer 141b is provided over the conductor 122b.
- each of the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b preferably has a light-emitting layer that emits light of a different color.
- the EL layer 141a has a light-emitting layer that emits any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light
- the EL layer 141b emits one of the other two. It can have a light-emitting layer.
- the EL layer includes the remaining light-emitting layer that emits light. be able to.
- the display device 1000 may have a structure (SBS structure) in which different light-emitting layers are formed for each color over a plurality of pixel electrodes (conductors 121a, 121b, etc.).
- the combination of colors emitted by the light-emitting layers included in each of the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b is not limited to the above.
- colors such as cyan, magenta, and yellow may also be used.
- an example of three colors is shown, but the number of colors emitted by the light emitting device 150 included in the display device 1000 may be two colors, three colors, or four or more colors. good.
- Each of the EL layers 141a and 141b is a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound (light-emitting layer) and one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer. You may have more than
- the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b are formed by, for example, a vapor deposition method (vacuum vapor deposition method, etc.), a coating method (e.g., dip coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, spin coating method, or spray coating method), or printing.
- a vapor deposition method vacuum vapor deposition method, etc.
- a coating method e.g., dip coating method, die coating method, bar coating method, spin coating method, or spray coating method
- printing for example, inkjet method, screen (stencil printing) method, offset (lithographic printing) method, flexographic (letterpress printing) method, gravure method, or microcontact method.
- high molecular compounds e.g., oligomers, dendrimers, or polymers
- middle molecular compounds compounds in the intermediate region between low molecular weight and high molecular weight: molecular weight 400 ⁇ 4000
- an inorganic compound quantum dot material, etc.
- quantum dot material a colloidal quantum dot material, an alloy quantum dot material, a core-shell quantum dot material, or a core quantum dot material can be used.
- the light-emitting device 150a and the light-emitting device 150b in FIG. 15 can be composed of a plurality of layers such as a light-emitting layer 4411 and a layer 4430 like the light-emitting device 150 shown in FIG. 16A.
- the layer 4420 can have, for example, a layer containing a highly electron-injecting substance (electron-injecting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting layer).
- the light-emitting layer 4411 contains, for example, a light-emitting compound.
- the layer 4430 can have, for example, a layer containing a substance with high hole-injection properties (hole-injection layer) and a layer containing a substance with high hole-transport properties (hole-transport layer).
- a structure including a layer 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430 provided between a pair of electrodes (a conductor 121 and a conductor 122 described later) can function as a single light-emitting unit.
- the structure of 16A is called a single structure.
- FIG. 16B is a modification of the EL layer 141 (the EL layers 141a and 141b in FIG. 15) of the light emitting device 150 shown in FIG. 16A.
- the light-emitting device 150 shown in FIG. It has layer 4420-1 on 4411, layer 4420-2 on layer 4420-1, and conductor 122 on layer 4420-2.
- the layer 4430-1 functions as a hole injection layer
- the layer 4430-2 functions as a hole transport layer
- the layer 4420-1 functions as an electron Functioning as a transport layer
- layer 4420-2 functions as an electron injection layer.
- layer 4430-1 functions as an electron-injecting layer
- layer 4430-2 functions as an electron-transporting layer
- layer 4420-1 functions as a hole-transporting layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light emitting layers (light emitting layer 4411, light emitting layer 4412, and light emitting layer 4413) are provided between layers 4420 and 4430 as shown in FIG. 16C is also a variation of the single structure.
- a laminate having a plurality of layers such as the layer 4420, the light-emitting layer 4411, and the layer 4430 is sometimes called a light-emitting unit.
- a plurality of light-emitting units can be connected in series via an intermediate layer (charge-generating layer).
- a plurality of light-emitting units, light-emitting unit 4400a and light-emitting unit 4400b can be connected in series via an intermediate layer (charge generation layer) 4440.
- FIG. In this specification, such a structure is called a tandem structure. Also, in this specification and the like, the tandem structure may be referred to as, for example, a stack structure.
- the EL layer 141 includes, for example, the layer 4420 and the light-emitting layers 4411 and 4430 of the light-emitting unit 4400a, the intermediate layer 4440, and the layer 4420 of the light-emitting unit 4400b.
- a light-emitting layer 4412 and a layer 4430 can be included.
- the SBS structure described above can consume less power than the single structure and the tandem structure described above. Therefore, if it is desired to keep the power consumption low, it is preferable to use the SBS structure.
- the single structure and the tandem structure are preferable because the manufacturing process is easier than the SBS structure, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- the emission color of the light-emitting device 150 can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, or white depending on the material forming the EL layer 141 .
- the color purity can be further enhanced by providing the light emitting device 150 with a microcavity structure.
- a light-emitting device that emits white light preferably has a structure in which two or more types of light-emitting substances are contained in the light-emitting layer.
- the emission colors of the two light-emitting layers are complementary to each other, so that the light-emitting device as a whole can emit white light.
- the light-emitting device as a whole may emit white light by combining the light-emitting colors of the three or more light-emitting layers.
- the luminescent layer preferably contains two or more luminescent substances selected from R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange) as luminescent colors.
- a gap is provided between two EL layers between adjacent light emitting devices.
- recesses are formed between adjacent light emitting devices, and side surfaces of the recesses (side surfaces of the conductors 121a, 122a, and the EL layer 141a, the conductors 121b, 122b, and the side surface of the EL layer 141b) and the bottom surface (a partial region of the insulator 111b) are provided so as to be covered with the insulator 112.
- FIG. An insulator 162 is formed over the insulator 112 so as to fill the recess.
- the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b be provided so as not to be in contact with each other in this way.
- This can suitably prevent current (also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like) from flowing through two adjacent EL layers to cause unintended light emission (also referred to as crosstalk). Therefore, the contrast can be increased, and a display device with high display quality can be realized. Further, for example, by adopting a configuration in which lateral leakage current between light-emitting devices is extremely low, black display performed by the display device can be displayed with extremely little light leakage (also referred to as pure black display).
- Examples of a method for forming the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b include a method using photolithography. For example, EL films to be the EL layers 141a and 141b are formed over the conductor 122, and then the EL films are patterned by a photolithography method to form the EL layers 141a and 141b. can be formed. This also allows for a gap between the two EL layers between adjacent light emitting devices.
- the insulator 112 can be an insulating layer having an inorganic material.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an oxide insulating film, a nitride insulating film, an oxynitride insulating film, or a nitride oxide insulating film can be used, for example.
- the insulator 112 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked-layer structure.
- oxide insulating films include silicon oxide films, aluminum oxide films, magnesium oxide films, indium gallium zinc oxide films, gallium oxide films, germanium oxide films, yttrium oxide films, zirconium oxide films, lanthanum oxide films, and neodymium oxide films.
- nitride insulating film examples include a silicon nitride film and an aluminum nitride film.
- oxynitride insulating film examples include a silicon oxynitride film and an aluminum oxynitride film.
- nitride oxide insulating film examples include a silicon nitride oxide film and an aluminum nitride oxide film.
- an aluminum oxide film is preferable because it has a high etching selectivity with respect to the EL layer and has a function of protecting the EL layer during formation of the insulator 162, which will be described later.
- an inorganic insulating film such as an aluminum oxide film, a hafnium oxide film, or a silicon oxide film formed by the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method to the insulator 112
- ALD Atomic Layer Deposition
- oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. point to the material.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material whose composition contains more oxygen than nitrogen
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material whose composition contains more nitrogen than oxygen. indicates
- a sputtering method, a CVD method, a PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition) method, or an ALD method can be used to form the insulator 112 .
- the insulator 112 is preferably formed using an ALD method with good coverage.
- the insulator 162 provided on the insulator 112 has a function of flattening recesses of the insulator 112 formed between adjacent light emitting devices. In other words, the presence of the insulator 162 has the effect of improving the flatness of the surface on which the conductor 123, which will be described later, is formed.
- An insulating layer containing an organic material can be preferably used for the insulator 162 .
- the insulator 162 is made of acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, imide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, silicone resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene-based resin, phenolic resin, or precursors of these resins. can do.
- an organic material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyglycerin, pullulan, water-soluble cellulose, or alcohol-soluble polyamide resin may be used.
- a photosensitive resin can be used for the insulator 162 .
- a photoresist may be used as the photosensitive resin.
- a positive material or a negative material can be used for the photosensitive resin.
- the difference between the top surface of the insulator 162 and the top surface of the EL layer 141a or the EL layer 141b is preferably 0.5 times or less, more preferably 0.3 times or less, the thickness of the insulator 162. preferable.
- the insulator 162 may be provided so that the top surface of the EL layer 141 a or the EL layer 141 b is higher than the top surface of the insulator 162 .
- the insulator 162 may be provided so that the top surface of the insulator 162 is higher than the top surface of the light-emitting layer included in the EL layer 141a or the EL layer 141b.
- a conductor 123 is provided over the EL layer 141 a , the EL layer 141 b , the insulator 112 , and the insulator 162 .
- An insulator 113 is provided over each of the light-emitting devices 150a and 150b.
- the conductor 123 functions, for example, as a common electrode for each of the light emitting device 150a and the light emitting device 150b. Further, in order to emit light emitted from the light-emitting device 150 above the display device 1000, the conductor 122 preferably has a light-transmitting conductive material.
- the conductor 123 is preferably a material having high conductivity, translucency, and light reflectivity (sometimes referred to as a semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode).
- An alloy of silver and magnesium or indium tin oxide can be applied to the conductor 122, for example.
- the insulator 113 is sometimes called a protective layer, and the reliability of the light emitting device can be improved by providing the insulator 113 above each of the light emitting devices 150a and 150b. That is, the insulator 113 functions as a passivation film that protects the light emitting device 150a and the light emitting device 150b. Therefore, the insulator 113 is preferably made of a material that prevents entry of water or the like. As the insulator 113, for example, a material that can be applied to the insulator 111a or the insulator 111b can be used. Specifically, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used.
- a resin layer 163 is provided on the insulator 113 .
- a substrate 102 is provided on the resin layer 163 .
- the substrate 102 it is preferable to apply a substrate having translucency, for example.
- a substrate having translucency for example.
- light emitted from the light-emitting devices 150 a and 150 b can be emitted above the substrate 102 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the structure of the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG.
- the structure of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may be changed as appropriate.
- the transistor 200 included in the pixel layer PXAL of the display device 1000 in FIG. 15 may be a transistor (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor) having a metal oxide in the channel formation region.
- a display device 1000 illustrated in FIG. 17 includes a transistor 500 (OS transistor) instead of the transistor 200 and a light-emitting device 150 above the circuit layer SICL and the wiring layer LINL of the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG. It is configured.
- the transistor 500 is provided over the insulator 512 .
- the insulator 512 is provided above the insulator 364 and the conductor 366, and the insulator 512 is preferably formed using a substance having barrier properties against oxygen and hydrogen. Specifically, for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, or aluminum nitride may be used.
- Silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- diffusion of hydrogen into a semiconductor element including an oxide semiconductor eg, the transistor 500
- the film that suppresses diffusion of hydrogen is a film from which the amount of desorption of hydrogen is small.
- the insulator 512 can be made of the same material as the insulator 320 .
- the insulator 512 can be a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film.
- An insulator 514 is provided over the insulator 512 , and the transistor 500 is provided over the insulator 514 .
- An insulator 576 is formed over the insulator 512 so as to cover the transistor 500 .
- An insulator 581 is formed over the insulator 576 .
- the insulator 514 is a film having a barrier property such that impurities such as hydrogen do not diffuse from the substrate 310 or a region below the insulator 512 where a circuit element or the like is provided to a region where the transistor 500 is provided. is preferably used. Therefore, silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used for the insulator 514, for example.
- a transistor 500 illustrated in FIG. 17 is an OS transistor including a metal oxide in a channel formation region as described above.
- the metal oxide include In-M-Zn oxide containing indium, element M and zinc (element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel , germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, etc.).
- an oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc also referred to as IGZO may be used as the metal oxide.
- an oxide containing indium, aluminum, and zinc may be used as the metal oxide.
- an oxide containing indium, aluminum, gallium, and zinc also referred to as IAGZO may be used as the metal oxide.
- In--Ga oxide, In--Zn oxide, and indium oxide may be used.
- a metal oxide that functions as a semiconductor with a bandgap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- a transistor for example, an OS transistor, which has a sufficiently low off-state current even when the source-drain voltage is high, as the drive transistor included in the pixel circuit.
- an OS transistor which has a sufficiently low off-state current even when the source-drain voltage is high.
- the amount of off-state current that flows through the light-emitting device when the driving transistor is in an off state can be reduced; can do. Therefore, when a drive transistor with a large off-state current is compared with a drive transistor with a small off-state current, the off-current is smaller than that of a pixel circuit including a drive transistor with a large off-state current when the pixel circuit displays black. It is possible to reduce the light emission luminance of the pixel circuit including the driving transistor. That is, by using the OS transistor, it is possible to suppress black floating when black is displayed in the pixel circuit.
- the off current value of the OS transistor per 1 ⁇ m of channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A) or less, 1 zA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 A) or less, or 1 yA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 A) or less.
- the off current value of the Si transistor per 1 ⁇ m channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 A) or more and 1 pA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 A) or less. Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of the OS transistor is about ten digits lower than the off-state current of the Si transistor.
- the OS transistor has higher voltage resistance between the source and the drain than the Si transistor, a high voltage can be applied between the source and the drain of the OS transistor. Accordingly, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor included in the pixel circuit, a high voltage can be applied between the source and the drain of the OS transistor. Brightness can be increased.
- the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor can reduce the change in the current between the source and the drain with respect to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source compared to the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as a drive transistor included in a pixel circuit, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. Poor membrane can be controlled. Therefore, it is possible to finely control the light emission luminance of the light emitting device (the gradation in the pixel circuit can be increased).
- the OS transistor allows a more stable constant current (saturation current) to flow than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. can be done. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable constant current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even if the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting device containing the organic EL material vary. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
- a display device including a pixel circuit can display a clear and smooth image, and as a result, one or more of image sharpness (image sharpness) and high contrast ratio can be observed. can do.
- image sharpness image sharpness
- image sharpness may indicate one or both of suppression of motion blur and suppression of black floating.
- black display performed in a display device can be performed with extremely little light leakage (absolutely black display).
- At least one of the insulator 576 and the insulator 581 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing into the transistor 500 from above. Therefore, at least one of the insulators 576 and 581 contains impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (eg, N 2 O, NO, and NO 2 ), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of the impurity (the impurity hardly permeates). Alternatively, it is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, one or both of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) (through which oxygen hardly permeates).
- an insulator having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen, and oxygen is preferably used.
- impurities such as water and hydrogen
- oxygen is preferably used.
- aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, hafnium oxide, gallium oxide, indium-gallium-zinc oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide can be used.
- the insulator 581, the insulator 576, and one of the source and drain electrodes of the transistor 500 are provided with openings for forming plugs, wirings, and the like.
- a conductor 540 functioning as a plug, a wiring, or the like is formed in the opening.
- the insulator 581 is preferably an insulator that functions as one or both of an interlayer film and a planarization film.
- An insulator 224 and an insulator 226 are formed above the insulator 581 and the conductor 540 . Note that the description of the display device 1000 in FIGS.
- FIG. 15 shows a display device formed by bonding a semiconductor substrate formed with a light emitting device 150, a pixel circuit, and the like, and a semiconductor substrate formed with a driver circuit and the like, and FIG.
- a display device according to an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure in which only one transistor layer is formed instead of a layer structure in which two or more transistors are stacked.
- a display device includes a circuit including a transistor 200 formed over a substrate 210 and a and a light-emitting device 150 provided.
- a transistor 200 formed over a substrate 210 and a and a light-emitting device 150 provided.
- an insulator 512 is formed over a substrate 501, a transistor 500 is provided over the insulator 512, and a light-emitting device 150 is provided over the transistor 500.
- the substrate 501 for example, a substrate that can be applied to the substrate 310 can be used, and a glass substrate is particularly preferable.
- a display device includes only one layer of transistors and a light-emitting device 150 is provided above the transistors, as in the display device 1000 illustrated in FIGS. 18A and 18B.
- a display device may have a layered structure in which three or more layers of transistors are formed.
- FIG. 19A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a sealing structure that can be applied to the display device 1000 of FIG. 15.
- FIG. 19A illustrates an end portion of the display device 1000 of FIG. 15 and materials provided around the end portion.
- FIG. 19A shows an excerpt from only a part of the pixel layer PXAL of the display device 1000 .
- each of Figures 19A illustrates an insulator 250 and insulators, conductors, light emitting devices 150a, etc. located above the insulator 250.
- an opening is provided in the region 123CM shown in FIG. 19A.
- a conductor 121CM is provided in the opening.
- the conductor 123 is electrically connected to a wiring provided below the insulator 250 through the conductor 121CM.
- a potential for example, an anode potential, a cathode potential, etc. in the light emitting device 150a or the like
- the conductor 123 functioning as a common electrode.
- one or both of the conductor included in the region 123CM and the conductor around the region 123CM may be referred to as a connection electrode.
- the conductor 121CM for example, a material that can be applied to the conductor 121 can be used.
- an adhesive layer 164 is provided at the edge of the resin layer 163 or around the edge.
- the display device 1000 is configured such that the insulator 113 and the substrate 102 are interposed with the adhesive layer 164 .
- the adhesive layer 164 is preferably made of, for example, a material that suppresses permeation of impurities such as moisture. By using the material for the adhesive layer 164, the reliability of the display device 1000 can be improved.
- a structure in which the insulator 113 and the substrate 102 are bonded together via the resin layer 163 using the adhesive layer 164 is sometimes called a solid sealing structure. Further, in the solid sealing structure, if the resin layer 163 has a function of bonding the insulator 113 and the substrate 102 together like the adhesive layer 164, the adhesive layer 164 may not necessarily be provided.
- a structure in which the insulator 113 and the substrate 102 are bonded using the adhesive layer 164 by filling an inert gas instead of the resin layer 163 is sometimes called a hollow sealing structure (not shown).
- Inert gases include, for example, nitrogen and argon.
- two or more adhesive layers may be stacked.
- an adhesive layer 165 may be further provided inside the adhesive layer 164 (between the adhesive layer 164 and the resin layer 163).
- a desiccant may be mixed in the adhesive layer 165 .
- moisture contained in the resin layer 163, the insulator, the conductor, and the EL layer formed inside the adhesive layer 164 and the adhesive layer 165 is absorbed by the desiccant. 1000 reliability can be increased.
- the display device 1000 in FIG. 19B has a solid sealing structure, it may have a hollow sealing structure.
- an inert liquid may be filled instead of the resin layer 163 .
- inert liquids include fluorine-based inert liquids.
- FIG. 15 ⁇ Modified example of display device>
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above structure, and the above structure can be changed as appropriate according to circumstances.
- Modification examples of the display device 1000 in FIG. 15 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 20A to 21B.
- 20A to 21B only a part of the pixel layer PXAL of the display device 1000 is extracted and illustrated.
- each of FIGS. 20A to 21B illustrates an insulator 250, an insulator 111a, and an insulator, a conductor, a light-emitting device 150a, a light-emitting device 150b, and the like located above the insulator 111a.
- FIGS. 20A-21B also illustrate light emitting device 150c, conductor 121c, conductor 122c, and EL layer 141c.
- the color of light emitted by the EL layer 141c may be different from the color of light emitted by the EL layers 141a and 141b.
- the number of colors emitted by the light emitting devices 150a to 150c may be two.
- the number of light emitting devices 150 may be increased so that the number of colors emitted by the plurality of light emitting devices may be four or more (not shown).
- the EL layer 142 may be formed over the EL layers 141a to 141c.
- the EL layer 142 may include the layer 4420 .
- the layer 4420 included in the EL layer 142 functions as a common layer in each of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c.
- the layer 4420 included in the EL layer 142 functions as a common layer in each of the light emitting devices 150a to 150c.
- the EL layers 141a to 141c are the layers 4430, 4412, and 4420 of the light-emitting unit 4400b, the intermediate layer 4440, and the layers 4430 and 4411 of the light-emitting unit 4400a.
- the EL layer 142 includes the layer 4420 of the light-emitting unit 4400b, so that the layer 4420 of the light-emitting unit 4400a included in the EL layer 142 is the light-emitting device 150a to 150c in each of the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c. Acts as a common layer.
- the insulator 113 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers instead of one layer.
- the insulator 113 is, for example, a three-layer stack in which an inorganic material insulator is applied as a first layer, an organic material insulator is applied as a second layer, and an inorganic material insulator is applied as a third layer. It may be a structure.
- the insulator 113a is made of an inorganic material
- the insulator 113b is made of an organic material
- the insulator 113c is made of an inorganic material.
- a microcavity structure (microresonator structure) may be provided in each of the EL layers 141a to 141c.
- a conductive material having translucency and light reflectivity is used as the conductor 122 which is the upper electrode (common electrode), and a light reflectivity is used as the conductor 121 which is the lower electrode (pixel electrode).
- the distance between the lower surface of the light-emitting layer and the upper surface of the lower electrode, that is, the film thickness of the layer 4430 in FIG. Refers to a structure that makes it thick.
- the light that is reflected back by the lower electrode interferes greatly with the light that directly enters the upper electrode from the light emitting layer (incident light).
- reflected light interferes greatly with the light that directly enters the upper electrode from the light emitting layer (incident light).
- Incident light 2n-1) It is preferable to adjust to [lambda]/4 (where n is a natural number of 1 or more and [lambda] is the wavelength of emitted light to be amplified).
- n is a natural number of 1 or more
- [lambda] is the wavelength of emitted light to be amplified.
- the optical distance it is possible to match the phases of the reflected light and the incident light of wavelength ⁇ , thereby further amplifying the light emitted from the light-emitting layer.
- the reflected light and the incident light have a wavelength other than ⁇ , the phases do not match, and the light attenuates without resonating.
- the EL layer may have a structure having a plurality of light-emitting layers or a structure having a single light-emitting layer. Further, for example, in combination with the configuration of the above-described tandem-type light-emitting device, a configuration in which a plurality of EL layers are provided in one light-emitting device with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween, and one or more light-emitting layers are formed in each EL layer. may be applied to
- microcavity structure By having a microcavity structure, it is possible to increase the emission intensity in the front direction at a specific wavelength, so it is possible to reduce power consumption.
- equipment for XR such as VR and AR
- light from the front direction of the light-emitting device often enters the eyes of the user wearing the equipment. It can be said that providing a cavity structure is preferable.
- a microcavity structure that matches the wavelength of each color can be applied to all sub-pixels. Therefore, the display device can have excellent characteristics.
- FIG. 21A shows, as an example, a cross-sectional view of part of the display device 1000 provided with a microcavity structure.
- the light-emitting device 150a has a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting device 150b has a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light
- the light-emitting device 150c emits red (R) light.
- a light-emitting layer it is preferable that the thickness of the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c be increased in this order as shown in FIG. 21A.
- the thickness of the layer 4430 included in each of the EL layer 141a, the EL layer 141b, and the EL layer 141c may be determined according to the color of light emitted from each light-emitting layer.
- the layer 4430 included in the EL layer 141a is the thinnest
- the layer 4430 included in the EL layer 141c is the thickest.
- the display device 1000 may include a colored layer (color filter).
- FIG. 21B shows, as an example, a configuration in which a colored layer 166a, a colored layer 166b, and a colored layer 166c are included between the resin layer 163 and the substrate 102.
- the colored layers 166a to 166c can be formed over the substrate 102, for example.
- the light-emitting device 150a has a light-emitting layer that emits blue (B) light
- the light-emitting device 150b has a light-emitting layer that emits green (G) light
- the light-emitting device 150c emits red (R) light.
- the colored layer 166a is blue
- the colored layer 166b is green
- the colored layer 166c is red.
- the display device 1000 shown in FIG. 21B is obtained by bonding the substrate 102 provided with the colored layers 166a to 166c to the substrate 310 on which the light emitting devices 150a to 150c are formed through the resin layer 163. Can be configured. At this time, it is preferable that the light emitting device 150a and the colored layer 166a overlap, the light emitting device 150b and the colored layer 166b overlap, and the light emitting device 150c and the colored layer 166c overlap.
- the colored layers 166a to 166c in the display device 1000 for example, light emitted by the light-emitting device 150b is not emitted above the substrate 102 through the colored layer 166a or the colored layer 166c. 166b is injected above the substrate 102.
- the colored layers 166a to 166c formed on the substrate 102 may be covered with a resin called an overcoat layer.
- the resin layer 163, the overcoat layer, the colored layers 166a to 166c, and the substrate 102 may be laminated in this order (not shown).
- the resin used for the overcoat layer for example, a translucent thermosetting material based on an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin can be used.
- the configuration of the display device 1000 may include a black matrix in addition to the colored layers (not shown).
- a black matrix between the colored layer 166a and the colored layer 166b, between the colored layer 166b and the colored layer 166c, and between the colored layer 166c and the colored layer 166a, the oblique direction (substrate 102 (upper surface of the display device 102 as a horizontal plane) can be blocked more, so that the display quality of the image displayed on the display device 1000 can be prevented from deteriorating when the image is viewed obliquely. be able to.
- the light-emitting devices 150a to 150c included in the display device may all be light-emitting devices that emit white light (not shown). Also, the light-emitting device can have, for example, a single structure or a tandem structure.
- the conductors 121a to 121c are used as the anode and the conductor 122 is used as the cathode. may be used as the anode. That is, in the manufacturing steps described above, the stack of the hole-injection layer, the hole-transport layer, the light-emitting layer, the electron-transport layer, and the electron-injection layer included in the EL layers 141a to 141c and the EL layer 142 You can reverse the order.
- FIG. 22A shows an example in which the EL layer 141a and the EL layer 141b have different thicknesses.
- the height of the top surface of the insulator 112 matches or substantially matches the height of the top surface of the EL layer 141a on the EL layer 141a side, and matches or substantially matches the height of the top surface of the EL layer 141b on the EL layer 141b side.
- the upper surface of the insulator 112 has a gentle slope with a higher surface on the EL layer 141a side and a lower surface on the EL layer 141b side.
- the insulators 112 and 162 preferably have the same height as the top surface of the adjacent EL layer.
- the top surface may have a flat portion that is aligned with the height of the top surface of any of the adjacent EL layers.
- the top surface of the insulator 162 has a region higher than the top surfaces of the EL layers 141a and 141b.
- the upper surface of the insulator 162 has a shape that gently protrudes toward the center.
- the top surface of the insulator 112 has a region higher than the top surfaces of the EL layers 141a and 141b.
- display device 1000 in a region that includes insulator 162 and its periphery, has a first region that overlies one or both of sacrificial layer 118 and sacrificial layer 119 .
- the first region is higher than the top surface of the EL layer 141a and the top surface of the EL layer 141b, and part of the insulator 162 is formed in the first region.
- display device 1000 has a second region that overlies one or both of sacrificial layer 118 and sacrificial layer 119 .
- the second region is higher than the top surface of the EL layer 141a and the top surface of the EL layer 141b, and part of the insulator 162 is formed in the second region.
- the top surface of the insulator 162 has a region lower than the top surface of the EL layer 141a and the top surface of the EL layer 141b.
- the upper surface of the insulator 162 has a shape that is gently recessed toward the center.
- the top surface of the insulator 112 has a region higher than the top surfaces of the EL layers 141a and 141b. That is, the insulator 112 protrudes from the surface on which the EL layer 141 is formed to form a convex portion.
- a shape in which the insulator 112 protrudes may be formed as shown in FIG. 22E. be.
- the top surface of the insulator 112 has a region lower than the top surface of the EL layer 141a and the top surface of the EL layer 141b. That is, the insulator 112 forms a recess on the surface on which the EL layer 141 is formed.
- FIG. 23A and 23B show a configuration example of a pixel circuit that can be provided in the pixel layer PXAL and a light emitting device 150 connected to the pixel circuit.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram showing connection of each circuit element included in the pixel circuit 400 provided in the pixel layer PXAL
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the vertical relationship between a layer OSL and a layer EML including a light emitting device 150;
- the pixel layer PXAL of the display device 1000 illustrated in FIG. 23B has, for example, a layer OSL and a layer EML.
- the transistor 500A, the transistor 500B, the transistor 500C, and the like included in the layer OSL shown in FIG. 23B correspond to the transistor 200 in FIG.
- the light emitting device 150 included in the layer EML shown in FIG. 23B corresponds to the light emitting device 150a or the light emitting device 150b in FIG.
- a pixel circuit 400 shown as an example in FIGS. 23A and 23B includes a transistor 500A, a transistor 500B, a transistor 500C, and a capacitor 600.
- FIG. The transistor 500A, the transistor 500B, and the transistor 500C can be transistors that can be applied to the transistor 200 described above, for example. That is, transistor 500A, transistor 500B, and transistor 500C may alternatively be Si transistors.
- the transistor 500A, the transistor 500B, and the transistor 500C can be transistors that can be applied to the transistor 500 described above, for example. That is, the transistor 500A, the transistor 500B, and the transistor 500C can also be OS transistors.
- each of the transistor 500A, the transistor 500B, and the transistor 500C preferably has a back gate electrode.
- a structure in which the same signal as that applied to the electrode is applied, or a structure in which a signal different from that applied to the gate electrode is applied to the back gate electrode can be employed.
- the transistors 500A, 500B, and 500C are illustrated with back gate electrodes, but the transistors 500A, 500B, and 500C do not have back gate electrodes. good too.
- the transistor 500B includes a gate electrode electrically connected to the transistor 500A, a first electrode electrically connected to the light emitting device 150, and a second electrode electrically connected to the wiring ANO.
- the wiring ANO is wiring for applying a potential for supplying current to the light emitting device 150 .
- the transistor 500A has a first terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 500B, a second terminal electrically connected to a wiring SL functioning as a source line, and a wiring GL1 functioning as a gate line. and a gate electrode having a function of controlling a conducting state or a non-conducting state based on the potential.
- the transistor 500C is turned on based on the potentials of the first terminal electrically connected to the wiring V0, the second terminal electrically connected to the light emitting device 150, and the wiring GL2 functioning as a gate line. or a gate electrode having a function of controlling a non-conducting state.
- the wiring V0 is a wiring for applying a reference potential and a wiring for outputting the current flowing through the pixel circuit 400 to the driving circuit 30 .
- the capacitor 600 includes a conductive film electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 500B and a conductive film electrically connected to the second electrode of the transistor 500C.
- the light emitting device 150 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the first electrode of the transistor 500B and a second electrode electrically connected to the wiring VCOM.
- the wiring VCOM is a wiring for applying a potential for supplying current to the light emitting device 150 .
- the intensity of light emitted by the light emitting device 150 can be controlled according to the image signal applied to the gate electrode of the transistor 500B. Further, variation in voltage between the gate and source of the transistor 500B can be suppressed by the reference potential of the wiring V0 applied through the transistor 500C.
- the wiring V0 it is possible to output an amount of current that can be used for setting pixel parameters. More specifically, the wiring V0 can function as a monitor line for outputting the current flowing through the transistor 500B or the light emitting device 150 to the outside.
- the current output to the wiring V0 is converted into a voltage by a source follower circuit or the like and output to the outside. Alternatively, it can be converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital conversion circuit or the like and output to the AI accelerator described in the above embodiment.
- the wiring that electrically connects the pixel circuit 400 and the driving circuit 30 can be shortened, so that the wiring resistance of the wiring can be reduced. Therefore, data can be written at high speed, so that the display device 1000 can be driven at high speed. Accordingly, even if the number of pixel circuits 400 included in the display device 1000 is increased, a sufficient frame period can be secured, so that the pixel density of the display device 1000 can be increased. Further, by increasing the pixel density of the display device 1000, the definition of an image displayed by the display device 1000 can be increased. For example, the pixel density of the display device 1000 can be 1000 ppi or more, or 5000 ppi or more, or 7000 ppi or more. Therefore, the display device 1000 can be a display device for AR or VR, for example, and can be suitably applied to an electronic device such as a head-mounted display in which a display unit and a user are close to each other.
- FIGS. 23A and 23B show the pixel circuit 400 including a total of three transistors as an example, but the pixel circuit in the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- a configuration example of a pixel circuit that can be applied to the pixel circuit 400 will be described below.
- a pixel circuit 400A shown in FIG. 24A illustrates a transistor 500A, a transistor 500B, and a capacitor 600.
- FIG. FIG. 24A also illustrates a light emitting device 150 connected to the pixel circuit 400A.
- a wiring SL, a wiring GL, a wiring ANO, and a wiring VCOM are electrically connected to the pixel circuit 400A.
- the transistor 500A has a gate electrically connected to the wiring GL, one of the source and the drain electrically connected to the wiring SL, and the other electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 500B and one electrode of the capacitor 600 .
- One of the source and drain of the transistor 500B is electrically connected to the wiring ANO and the other is electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting device 150 .
- the capacitor 600 has the other electrode electrically connected to the anode of the light emitting device 150 .
- the light emitting device 150 has a cathode electrically connected to the wiring VCOM.
- a pixel circuit 400B shown in FIG. 24B has a configuration in which a transistor 500C is added to the pixel circuit 400A.
- a wiring V0 is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 400B.
- a pixel circuit 400C shown in FIG. 24C is an example in which transistors whose gates and back gates are electrically connected are applied to the transistors 500A and 500B of the pixel circuit 400A.
- a pixel circuit 400D shown in FIG. 24D is an example in which the transistor is applied to the pixel circuit 400B. This can increase the current that the transistor can pass. Note that although a transistor having a pair of gates electrically connected to each other is used as all the transistors here, the present invention is not limited to this. Alternatively, a transistor having a pair of gates and electrically connected to different wirings may be used. For example, reliability can be improved by using a transistor in which one of the gates and the source are electrically connected.
- a pixel circuit 400E shown in FIG. 25A has a configuration in which a transistor 500D is added to the pixel circuit 400B described above.
- the pixel circuit 400E is electrically connected to three wirings functioning as gate lines (the wiring GL1, the wiring GL2, and the wiring GL3).
- the transistor 500D has a gate electrically connected to the wiring GL3, one of the source and the drain electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 500B, and the other electrically connected to the wiring V0. Further, the gate of the transistor 500A is electrically connected to the wiring GL1, and the gate of the transistor 500C is electrically connected to the wiring GL2.
- Such a pixel circuit is suitable for a display method in which display periods and off periods are alternately provided.
- a pixel circuit 400F shown in FIG. 25B is an example in which a capacitor 600A is added to the pixel circuit 400E.
- Capacitor 600A functions as a holding capacitor.
- a pixel circuit 400G shown in FIG. 25C and a pixel circuit 400H shown in FIG. 25D are examples in which a transistor whose gate and back gate are electrically connected is applied to the pixel circuit 400E or pixel circuit 400F, respectively. be.
- Transistors whose gates and back gates are electrically connected are used as the transistors 500A, 500C, and 500D, and transistors whose gate is electrically connected to the source are used as the transistor 500B. .
- ⁇ Pixel layout> a pixel layout that can be applied to the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- the arrangement of sub-pixels includes, for example, a stripe arrangement, an S-stripe arrangement, a matrix arrangement, a delta arrangement, a Bayer arrangement, and a pentile arrangement.
- top surface shapes of sub-pixels include triangles, quadrilaterals (including rectangles and squares), polygons such as pentagons, shapes with rounded corners of these polygons, ellipses, and circles.
- the top surface shape of the sub-pixel corresponds to the top surface shape of the light emitting region of the light emitting device.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIG. 26A.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 26A is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 26B is composed of three sub-pixels, a sub-pixel 80a, a sub-pixel 80b, and a sub-pixel 80c.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the blue sub-pixel B
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the green sub-pixel G.
- FIG. 26C is an example in which sub-pixels of each color are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Specifically, when viewed from above, the positions of the upper sides of two sub-pixels (for example, sub-pixel 80a and sub-pixel 80b, or sub-pixel 80b and sub-pixel 80c) aligned in the column direction are shifted.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIG. 26D includes a sub-pixel 80a having a substantially trapezoidal top surface shape with rounded corners, a sub-pixel 80b having a substantially triangular top surface shape with rounded corners, and a substantially square or substantially hexagonal top surface shape with rounded corners. and a sub-pixel 80c having Also, the sub-pixel 80a has a larger light emitting area than the sub-pixel 80b.
- the shape and size of each sub-pixel can be determined independently. For example, sub-pixels with more reliable light emitting devices can be smaller in size.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- FIG. 26E shows an example in which pixels 70A having sub-pixels 80a and 80b and pixels 70B having sub-pixels 80b and 80c are alternately arranged.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- the pixel 70A has two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b) in the upper row (first row) and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 80c) in the lower row (second row). have.
- the pixel 70B has one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row) and two sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a and sub-pixel 80b) in the lower row (second row). have.
- the sub-pixel 80a may be the red sub-pixel R
- the sub-pixel 80b may be the green sub-pixel G
- the sub-pixel 80c may be the blue sub-pixel B.
- FIG. 26F is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. 26G is an example in which each sub-pixel has a circular top surface shape.
- the top surface shape of a sub-pixel may be a polygon with rounded corners, an ellipse, or a circle.
- the EL layer is processed into an island shape using a resist mask.
- the resist film formed on the EL layer needs to be cured at a temperature lower than the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer. Therefore, depending on the heat resistance temperature of the EL layer material and the curing temperature of the resist material, curing of the resist film may be insufficient.
- a resist film that is insufficiently hardened may take a shape away from the desired shape during processing.
- the top surface shape of the EL layer may be polygonal with rounded corners, elliptical, or circular. For example, when a resist mask having a square top surface is formed, a resist mask having a circular top surface is formed, and the EL layer may have a circular top surface.
- a technique for correcting the mask pattern in advance so that the design pattern and the transfer pattern match.
- OPC Optical Proximity Correction
- a pattern for correction is added to a corner portion of a figure on a mask pattern.
- a stripe arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIGS. 28A to 28C.
- FIG. 28A is an example in which each sub-pixel has a rectangular top surface shape
- FIG. 28B is an example in which each sub-pixel has a top surface shape connecting two semicircles and a rectangle
- FIG. This is an example where the sub-pixel has an elliptical top surface shape.
- a matrix arrangement is applied to the pixels 80 shown in FIGS. 28D to 28F.
- FIG. 28D is an example in which each sub-pixel has a square top surface shape
- FIG. 28E is an example in which each sub-pixel has a substantially square top surface shape with rounded corners
- FIG. which have a circular top shape.
- a pixel 80 shown in FIGS. 28A to 28F is composed of four sub-pixels: sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d.
- the sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d emit light of different colors.
- subpixel 80a, subpixel 80b, subpixel 80c, and subpixel 80d can be red, green, blue, and white subpixels, respectively.
- subpixel 80a, subpixel 80b, subpixel 80c, and subpixel 80d can be red, green, blue, and white subpixels, respectively.
- sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c, and sub-pixel 80d can be red, green, blue, and infrared emitting sub-pixels, respectively.
- the sub-pixel 80d has a light-emitting device.
- the light-emitting device for example, has a pixel electrode, an EL layer, and a conductor 121CM functioning as a common electrode.
- a material similar to that of the conductor 121a, the conductor 121b, the conductor 121c, the conductor 122a, the conductor 122b, and the conductor 122c may be used for the pixel electrode.
- a material similar to that of the EL layers 141a, 141b, and 141c may be used.
- FIG. 28G shows an example in which one pixel 80 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 80 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row) and three sub-pixels 80d in the lower row (second row).
- the pixel 80 has sub-pixels 80a and 80d in the left column (first column), sub-pixels 80b and 80d in the center column (second column), and sub-pixels 80b and 80d in the middle column (second column).
- a column (third column) has a sub-pixel 80c and a sub-pixel 80d.
- FIG. 28G by aligning the arrangement of the sub-pixels in the upper row and the lower row, it is possible to efficiently remove dust that may be generated in the manufacturing process. Therefore, a display device with high display quality can be provided.
- FIG. 28H shows an example in which one pixel 80 is composed of 2 rows and 3 columns.
- the pixel 80 has three sub-pixels (sub-pixel 80a, sub-pixel 80b, sub-pixel 80c) in the upper row (first row), and one sub-pixel (sub-pixel 80c) in the lower row (second row). sub-pixel 80d).
- pixel 80 has sub-pixel 80a in the left column (first column), sub-pixel 80b in the middle column (second column), and sub-pixel 80b in the right column (third column). It has pixels 80c and sub-pixels 80d over these three columns.
- the pixel 80 shown in FIGS. 28G and 28H for example, as shown in FIGS. can be the blue sub-pixel B, and the sub-pixel 80d can be the white sub-pixel W.
- insulators, conductors, semiconductors, and the like disclosed in this specification can be formed by a PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method or a CVD method.
- PVD methods include, for example, a sputtering method, a resistance heating vapor deposition method, an electron beam vapor deposition method, and a PLD method.
- CVD method a plasma CVD method, a thermal CVD method, and the like are used.
- the thermal CVD method includes, for example, the MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, and the like.
- the thermal CVD method does not use plasma, so it has the advantage of not generating defects due to plasma damage.
- a raw material gas and an oxidizing agent are sent into a chamber at the same time, the inside of the chamber is made to be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is formed by reacting near or on the substrate and depositing it on the substrate. .
- the inside of the chamber may be under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure
- raw material gases for reaction are sequentially introduced into the chamber
- film formation may be performed by repeating the order of gas introduction.
- switching the switching valves also called high-speed valves
- two or more source gases are sequentially supplied to the chamber, and the first source gas is supplied simultaneously with or after the first source gas so as not to mix the two or more source gases.
- An active gas for example, argon or nitrogen
- the inert gas serves as a carrier gas, and the inert gas may be introduced at the same time as the introduction of the second raw material gas.
- the second source gas may be introduced after the first source gas is exhausted by evacuation.
- the first source gas adsorbs on the surface of the substrate to form a first thin layer, which reacts with the second source gas introduced later to form a second thin layer on the first thin layer. is laminated to form a thin film.
- a thin film with excellent step coverage can be formed by repeating this gas introduction sequence several times until a desired thickness is obtained. Since the thickness of the thin film can be adjusted by the number of times the gas introduction sequence is repeated, precise film thickness adjustment is possible, and this method is suitable for manufacturing fine FETs.
- Thermal CVD methods such as MOCVD and ALD can form various films such as metal films, semiconductor films, or inorganic insulating films disclosed in the embodiments described above.
- a Zn-O film trimethylindium (In( CH3 ) 3 ), trimethylgallium (Ga( CH3 ) 3 ), and dimethylzinc (Zn( CH3 ) 2 ) are used.
- triethylgallium (Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ) can be used instead of trimethylgallium
- diethylzinc (Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ) can be used instead of dimethylzinc. can also be used.
- a liquid containing a solvent and a hafnium precursor compound e.g., hafnium alkoxide and tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N( CH3) ) 2 ] 4
- hafnium precursor compound e.g., hafnium alkoxide and tetrakisdimethylamide hafnium (TDMAH, Hf[N( CH3) ) 2 ] 4
- ozone O 3
- Other materials include, for example, tetrakis(ethylmethylamido)hafnium.
- a liquid containing a solvent and an aluminum precursor compound for example, trimethylaluminum (TMA, Al(CH 3 ) 3 )
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- H 2 O oxidant
- Other materials also include tris(dimethylamido)aluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and aluminum tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate).
- hexachlorodisilane is adsorbed on the film formation surface to generate radicals of an oxidizing gas (for example, O 2 and dinitrogen monoxide). feed to react with the adsorbate.
- an oxidizing gas for example, O 2 and dinitrogen monoxide
- WF 6 gas and B 2 H 6 gas are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form an initial tungsten film, and then WF 6 gas and H The two gases are sequentially and repeatedly introduced to form a tungsten film.
- SiH4 gas may be used instead of B2H6 gas .
- a precursor generally, for example, a precursor or a metal precursor
- an oxidizing agent generally referred to as, for example, a reactant, a reactant, a non-metallic precursor, etc.
- a precursor In(CH 3 ) 3 gas and an oxidizing agent O 3 gas are introduced to form an In—O layer, and then a precursor Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas and An oxidant O 3 gas is introduced to form a GaO layer, and then a precursor Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas and an oxidant O 3 gas are introduced to form a ZnO layer.
- a mixed oxide layer such as an In--Ga--O layer, an In--Zn--O layer, or a Ga--Zn--O layer may be formed using these gases.
- H 2 O gas obtained by bubbling water with an inert gas such as Ar may be used instead of O 3 gas, it is preferable to use O 3 gas that does not contain H.
- In(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of In(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Ga(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gas may be used instead of Ga(CH 3 ) 3 gas.
- Zn(CH 3 ) 2 gas may be used.
- the display unit can support various screen ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, or 16:10.
- the display section can have various shapes such as rectangular, polygonal (for example, octagonal), circular, or elliptical.
- ⁇ Display module configuration example> First, a display module including a display device that can be applied to an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- FIG. 30A A perspective view of the display module 1280 is shown in FIG. 30A.
- a display module 1280 has a display device 1000 and an FPC 1290 .
- the display module 1280 has substrates 1291 and 1292 .
- the display module 1280 has a display section 1281 .
- the display portion 1281 is an area in which an image is displayed in the display module 1280, and an area in which light from each pixel provided in the pixel portion 1284 described later can be visually recognized.
- FIG. 30B shows a perspective view schematically showing the configuration on the substrate 1291 side.
- a circuit portion 1282 , a pixel circuit portion 1283 on the circuit portion 1282 , and a pixel portion 1284 on the pixel circuit portion 1283 are stacked over the substrate 1291 .
- a terminal portion 1285 for connecting to the FPC 1290 is provided on a portion of the substrate 1291 that does not overlap with the pixel portion 1284 .
- the terminal portion 1285 and the circuit portion 1282 are electrically connected by a wiring portion 1286 composed of a plurality of wirings.
- the pixel section 1284 and the pixel circuit section 1283 correspond to, for example, the pixel layer PXAL described above.
- the circuit section 1282 corresponds to, for example, the circuit layer SICL described above.
- the pixel unit 1284 has a plurality of periodically arranged pixels 1284a. An enlarged view of one pixel 1284a is shown on the right side of FIG. 30B.
- Pixel 1284a has light-emitting device 1430a, light-emitting device 1430b, and light-emitting device 1430c that emit light of different colors.
- the light-emitting devices 1430a, 1430b, and 1430c correspond to, for example, the light-emitting devices 150a, 150b, and 150c described above. May be arranged in an array. Also, various alignment methods such as delta alignment and pentile alignment can be applied.
- the pixel circuit section 1283 has a plurality of pixel circuits 1283a arranged periodically.
- One pixel circuit 1283a is a circuit that controls light emission of three light emitting devices included in one pixel 1284a.
- One pixel circuit 1283a may have a structure in which three circuits for controlling light emission of one light-emitting device are provided.
- the pixel circuit 1283a can have at least one selection transistor, one current control transistor (driving transistor), and a capacitor for each light emitting device. At this time, a gate signal is input to the gate of the selection transistor, and a source signal is input to either the source or the drain of the selection transistor. This realizes an active matrix display device.
- the circuit section 1282 has a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 .
- a circuit that drives each pixel circuit 1283 a of the pixel circuit section 1283 For example, it is preferable to have one or both of a gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit.
- one or more selected from an arithmetic circuit, a memory circuit, and a power supply circuit may be provided.
- the FPC 1290 functions as wiring for supplying a video signal or power supply potential to the circuit section 1282 from the outside. Also, an IC may be mounted on the FPC 1290 .
- the aperture ratio (effective display area ratio) of the display portion 1281 can be significantly increased. can be higher.
- the aperture ratio of the display portion 1281 can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the pixels 1284a can be arranged at extremely high density, and the definition of the display portion 1281 can be extremely high.
- the pixels 1284a may be arranged with a resolution of 2000 ppi or more, preferably 3000 ppi or more, more preferably 5000 ppi or more, and still more preferably 6000 ppi or more, and 20000 ppi or less, or 30000 ppi or less. preferable.
- a display module 1280 Since such a display module 1280 has extremely high definition, it can be suitably used for devices for VR such as head-mounted displays, or glasses-type devices for AR. For example, even in the case of a configuration in which the display portion of the display module 1280 is viewed through a lens, the display module 1280 has an extremely high-definition display portion 1281, so pixels cannot be viewed even if the display portion is enlarged with the lens. , a highly immersive display can be performed.
- the display module 1280 is not limited to this, and can be suitably used for electronic equipment having a relatively small display portion. For example, it can be suitably used for a display part of a wearable electronic device such as a wristwatch.
- 31A and 31B show the appearance of an electronic device 8300 that is a head mounted display.
- the electronic device 8300 has a housing 8301, a display section 8302, operation buttons 8303, and a band-shaped fixture 8304.
- the operation button 8303 has functions such as a power button. Further, electronic device 8300 may have buttons in addition to operation buttons 8303 .
- a lens 8305 may be provided between the display unit 8302 and the position of the user's eyes. Since the lens 8305 allows the user to magnify the display portion 8302, the sense of presence is enhanced. At this time, as shown in FIG. 31C, there may be provided a dial 8306 for changing the position of the lens for diopter adjustment.
- the display unit 8302 for example, it is preferable to use a display device with extremely high definition. By using a high-definition display device for the display portion 8302, even if the image is enlarged using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. be able to.
- 31A to 31C show an example in which one display portion 8302 is provided. With such a configuration, the number of parts can be reduced.
- the display unit 8302 can display two images, an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye, side by side in two areas on the left and right. Thereby, a stereoscopic image using binocular parallax can be displayed.
- one image that can be viewed with both eyes may be displayed over the entire area of the display unit 8302 .
- a panoramic image can be displayed across both ends of the field of view, increasing the sense of reality.
- the display unit 8302 has a mechanism for changing the curvature of the display unit 8302 to an appropriate value according to one or more selected from the size of the user's head or the position of the eyes. It is preferred to have For example, the user may adjust the curvature of the display section 8302 by operating a dial 8307 for adjusting the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- a sensor for example, a camera, a contact sensor, and a non-contact sensor that detects the size of the user's head or the position of the eyes is provided in the housing 8301, and the display unit 8302 is displayed based on the detection data of the sensor. It may have a mechanism for adjusting the curvature.
- the lens 8305 when used, it is preferable to provide a mechanism for adjusting the position and angle of the lens 8305 in synchronization with the curvature of the display section 8302 .
- the dial 8306 may have the function of adjusting the angle of the lens.
- FIGS. 31E and 31F show examples in which a driving section 8308 that controls the curvature of the display section 8302 is provided.
- the drive unit 8308 is fixed to at least part of the display unit 8302 .
- the drive unit 8308 has a function of deforming the display unit 8302 by deforming or moving a portion fixed to the display unit 8302 .
- FIG. 31E is a schematic diagram of a case where a user 8310 with a relatively large head is wearing a housing 8301.
- FIG. 31E the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the driving portion 8308 so that the curvature is relatively small (the radius of curvature is large).
- FIG. 31F shows a case where a user 8311 whose head size is smaller than that of the user 8310 wears a housing 8301.
- the distance between the eyes of the user 8311 is narrower than that of the user 8310 .
- the shape of the display portion 8302 is adjusted by the driving portion 8308 so that the curvature of the display portion 8302 becomes large (the curvature radius becomes small).
- the position and shape of the display portion 8302 in FIG. 31E are indicated by dashed lines.
- the electronic device 8300 has a mechanism for adjusting the curvature of the display unit 8302, thereby providing optimal display to various users of all ages.
- the electronic device 8300 may have two display units 8302 as shown in FIG. 31D.
- the user can see one display unit with one eye.
- the display portion 8302 is curved in an arc with the eye of the user as the approximate center.
- the distance from the user's eyes to the display surface of the display unit is constant, so that the user can see more natural images.
- the brightness and chromaticity of the light from the display unit change depending on the viewing angle, since the user's eyes are positioned in the normal direction of the display surface of the display unit, Since the influence can be ignored, a more realistic image can be displayed.
- FIGS. 32A to 32C are diagrams showing the appearance of an electronic device 8300 different from the electronic device 8300 shown in FIGS. 31A to 31D, respectively.
- FIGS. 32A to 32C differ from FIGS. 31A to 31D in that they have a fixture 8304a attached to the head and a pair of lenses 8305.
- FIG. 32A to 32C differ from FIGS. 31A to 31D in that they have a fixture 8304a attached to the head and a pair of lenses 8305.
- the user can visually recognize the display on the display unit 8302 through the lens 8305 .
- the display portion 8302 it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 in a curved manner because the user can feel a high presence.
- three-dimensional display using parallax can be performed.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which one display portion 8302 is provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided and one display portion may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- the display unit 8302 for example, it is preferable to use a display device with extremely high definition. By using a high-definition display device for the display portion 8302, even if the image is enlarged using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. be able to.
- the head-mounted display which is an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention, may have the structure of the electronic device 8200 which is a glass-type head-mounted display illustrated in FIG. 32D.
- the electronic device 8200 has a mounting section 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display section 8204, a cable 8205, and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201 .
- a cable 8205 supplies power from a battery 8206 to the main body 8203 .
- the main body 8203 has a wireless receiver and can display received video information on the display portion 8204 .
- the main body 8203 is equipped with a camera, and information on the movement of the user's eyeballs or eyelids can be used as input means.
- the mounting section 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes capable of detecting a current flowing along with the movement of the user's eyeballs at a position where it touches the user, and may have a function of recognizing the line of sight. Moreover, it may have a function of monitoring the user's pulse based on the current flowing through the electrode.
- the mounting unit 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor.
- a function of changing an image displayed on the display portion 8204 may be provided.
- 33A to 33C are diagrams showing the appearance of an electronic device 8750 different from the electronic device 8300 shown in FIGS. 31A to 31D and FIGS. 32A to 32C and the electronic device 8200 shown in FIG. 32D.
- FIG. 33A is a perspective view showing the front, top, and left side of the electronic device 8750
- FIGS. 33B and 33C are perspective views showing the rear, bottom, and right side of the electronic device 8750.
- FIG. 33A is a perspective view showing the front, top, and left side of the electronic device 8750
- FIGS. 33B and 33C are perspective views showing the rear, bottom, and right side of the electronic device 8750.
- the electronic device 8750 has a pair of display devices 8751, a housing 8752, a pair of mounting portions 8754, a buffer member 8755, a pair of lenses 8756, and the like.
- a pair of display devices 8751 are provided inside a housing 8752 at positions where they can be viewed through a lens 8756 .
- one of the pair of display devices 8751 corresponds to the display device DSP and the like described in the first embodiment.
- the electronic device 8750 shown in FIGS. 33A to 33C has a camera. The camera can image the user's eyes and the vicinity thereof.
- the electronic device 8750 shown in FIGS. 33A to 33C includes a motion detection unit, audio, control unit, communication unit, and battery inside the housing 8752 .
- the electronic device 8750 is an electronic device for VR.
- a user wearing the electronic device 8750 can see an image displayed on the display device 8751 through the lens 8756 .
- An input terminal 8757 and an output terminal 8758 are provided on the rear side of the housing 8752 .
- the input terminal 8757 can be connected to a video signal from a video output device or a cable for supplying power for charging a battery provided in the housing 8752 .
- the output terminal 8758 functions as an audio output terminal, for example, and can be connected to an earphone or a headphone.
- the housing 8752 preferably has a mechanism capable of adjusting the left and right positions of the lens 8756 and the display device 8751 so that they are optimally positioned according to the position of the user's eyes. .
- the electronic device 8750 can estimate the state of the user of the electronic device 8750 and display information about the estimated state of the user on the display device 8751. can. Alternatively, information about the state of the user of the electronic device connected to the electronic device 8750 through a network can be displayed on the display device 8751 .
- the cushioning member 8755 is the part that contacts the user's face (eg, forehead and cheeks). Since the buffer member 8755 is in close contact with the user's face, it is possible to prevent light leakage and enhance the sense of immersion.
- a soft material is preferably used for the cushioning member 8755 so that the cushioning member 8755 is brought into close contact with the user's face when the electronic device 8750 is worn by the user.
- materials such as rubber, silicone rubber, urethane, and sponge can be used.
- a sponge whose surface is covered with cloth or leather (for example, natural leather or synthetic leather) is used, it is difficult to create a gap between the user's face and the cushioning member 8755, which effectively prevents light leakage.
- a member that touches the user's skin is preferably detachable for easy cleaning or replacement.
- the electronic device of this embodiment may further have an earphone 8754A.
- the earphone 8754A has a communication section (not shown) and has a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 8754A can output audio data with a wireless communication function.
- the earphone 8754A may have a vibration mechanism that functions as a bone conduction earphone.
- the earphone 8754A can be configured to be directly connected or wired to the mounting portion 8754, like the earphone 8754B illustrated in FIG. 33C.
- the earphone 8754B and the mounting portion 8754 may have magnets. Thereby, the earphone 8754B can be fixed to the mounting portion 8754 by magnetic force, which is preferable because it facilitates storage.
- the earphone 8754A may have a sensor section.
- the sensor unit can be used to estimate the state of the user of the electronic device.
- an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention includes, in addition to any one of the above configuration examples, one or more selected from an antenna, a battery, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a touch sensor, and an operation button. good too.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include a secondary battery, and preferably can charge the secondary battery using contactless power transmission.
- Secondary batteries include, for example, lithium ion secondary batteries (e.g., lithium polymer batteries using a gel electrolyte (lithium ion polymer batteries)), nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, and air secondary batteries. , nickel-zinc batteries, and silver-zinc batteries.
- lithium ion secondary batteries e.g., lithium polymer batteries using a gel electrolyte (lithium ion polymer batteries)
- nickel-metal hydride batteries nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, and air secondary batteries.
- nickel-zinc batteries nickel-zinc batteries
- silver-zinc batteries silver-zinc batteries.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may have an antenna. Images and information can be displayed on the display portion by receiving signals with the antenna. Moreover, when an electronic device has an antenna and a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
- a display unit of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display video with a screen resolution of, for example, full high definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- the electronic devices exemplified below include the display device of one embodiment of the present invention in a display portion. Therefore, it is an electronic device that achieves high screen resolution. In addition, the electronic device can have both a high screen resolution and a large screen.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a display device and at least one selected from an antenna, a battery, a housing, a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a touch sensor, and an operation button.
- An electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include the secondary battery described in Embodiment 5. Moreover, it is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using contactless power transmission.
- the secondary battery for example, the secondary battery described in Embodiment 5 can be applied.
- An electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention may include the antenna described in Embodiment 5.
- a display unit of an electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention can display video with a screen resolution of, for example, full high definition, 4K2K, 8K4K, 16K8K, or higher.
- Examples of electronic devices include electronic devices with relatively large screens, such as televisions, laptop personal computers, monitor devices, digital signage, pachinko machines, and game machines.
- Electronic devices with relatively small screens include, for example, digital cameras, digital video cameras, digital photo frames, mobile phones, portable game machines, personal digital assistants, and sound reproduction devices.
- An electronic device to which one aspect of the present invention is applied may be an inner wall or outer wall surface (e.g., plane and curved surface) of a building (e.g., a residence, a commercial facility, and an industrial facility), or a mobile body (e.g., an automobile, It can be incorporated along interior or exterior surfaces (eg, flat and curved surfaces) of trains, ships, and aircraft.
- a building e.g., a residence, a commercial facility, and an industrial facility
- a mobile body e.g., an automobile
- An information terminal 5500 shown in FIG. 34A is a mobile phone (smartphone), which is a type of information terminal.
- the information terminal 5500 includes a housing 5510 and a display portion 5511.
- the display portion 5511 is provided with a touch panel, and the housing 5510 is provided with buttons.
- the information terminal 5500 can divide the display unit 5511 into an image area for displaying images and a black area for displaying black and character strings.
- FIG. 34B is a diagram showing the appearance of an information terminal 5900 that is an example of a wearable terminal.
- An information terminal 5900 has a housing 5901 , a display portion 5902 , operation buttons 5903 , a crown 5904 and a band 5905 .
- the wearable terminal can divide the display unit 5902 into an image area for displaying images and a black area for displaying black and character strings.
- FIG. 34C a notebook information terminal 5300 is illustrated in FIG. 34C.
- a notebook information terminal 5300 shown in FIG. 24C includes, as an example, a display unit 5331 in a housing 5330a and a keyboard unit 5350 in a housing 5330b.
- the notebook information terminal 5300 uses the display device described in the above embodiment, so that the display unit 5331 displays an image area for displaying an image, black, and a character string. can be divided into black areas and
- smartphones, wearable terminals, and notebook information terminals are illustrated as examples of electronic devices in FIGS. 34A to 34C, but information terminals other than smartphones, wearable terminals, and notebook information terminals are applicable be able to.
- Examples of information terminals other than smartphones, wearable terminals, and notebook information terminals include PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), desktop information terminals, and workstations.
- FIG. 34D is a diagram showing the appearance of camera 8000 with viewfinder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 has a housing 8001 , a display unit 8002 , operation buttons 8003 and a shutter button 8004 .
- a detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000 .
- the camera 8000 may be integrated with the lens 8006 and the housing.
- the camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing the shutter button 8004 or by touching the display unit 8002 that functions as a touch panel.
- the housing 8001 has a mount with electrodes, and can be connected to the viewfinder 8100 as well as a strobe device.
- the viewfinder 8100 has a housing 8101, a display section 8102, and buttons 8103.
- the housing 8101 is attached to the camera 8000 by engaging with the camera 8000 mount.
- the viewfinder 8100 can display an image received from the camera 8000 on the display portion 8102 .
- the button 8103 has a function as a power button.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100 .
- the camera 8000 having a built-in finder may also be used.
- FIG. 34E is a diagram showing the appearance of a portable game machine 5200, which is an example of a game machine.
- a portable game machine 5200 includes a housing 5201 , a display portion 5202 , and buttons 5203 .
- the image of the portable game machine 5200 can be output by a display device such as a television device, a personal computer display, a game display, and a head-mounted display.
- a display device such as a television device, a personal computer display, a game display, and a head-mounted display.
- the display unit 5202 can be divided into an image area for displaying images and a black area for displaying black and character strings.
- the portable game machine 5200 with low power consumption can be realized.
- the low power consumption can reduce the heat generated from the circuit, so that the influence of the heat on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuits, and the module can be reduced.
- FIG. 34E illustrates a portable game machine as an example of the game machine
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- Examples of electronic devices of one embodiment of the present invention include stationary game machines, arcade game machines installed in amusement facilities (for example, game centers and amusement parks), and batting practice pitchers installed in sports facilities. machines are mentioned.
- FIG. 34F is a perspective view showing a television device.
- the television apparatus 9000 includes a housing 9002, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, and sensors 9007 (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, etc.). , rpm, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemicals, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared. things).
- a storage device of one embodiment of the present invention can be provided in a television device.
- a television device may incorporate a display 9001 of, for example, 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- the display unit 9001 can be divided into an image area for displaying images and a black area for displaying black and character strings. Also, the television device 9000 with low power consumption can be realized. In addition, the low power consumption can reduce the heat generated from the circuit, so that the influence of the heat on the circuit itself, the peripheral circuits, and the module can be reduced.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied around the driver's seat of an automobile, which is a moving object.
- FIG. 34G is a diagram showing the vicinity of the windshield in the interior of the automobile.
- FIG. 34G shows display panel 5701, display panel 5702, and display panel 5703 attached to the dashboard, as well as display panel 5704 attached to the pillar.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can provide various information by displaying, for example, navigation information, speedometer, tachometer, mileage, fuel gauge, gear status, and air conditioning settings.
- the display items and layout displayed on the display panel can be appropriately changed according to the user's preference, and the design can be improved.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can also be used as lighting devices.
- the display panel 5704 can complement the field of view (blind spot) blocked by the pillars by displaying an image from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body. That is, by displaying an image from an imaging means provided outside the automobile, blind spots can be compensated for and safety can be enhanced. In addition, by projecting an image that supplements the invisible part, safety confirmation can be performed more naturally and without discomfort.
- the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display panels 5701 to 5704, for example.
- moving objects can also include trains, monorails, ships, and flying objects (e.g., helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, and rockets), and the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to these moving objects. can be applied.
- flying objects e.g., helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), airplanes, and rockets
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to these moving objects. can be applied.
- FIG. 34H shows an example of an electronic sign (digital signage) that can be attached to a wall.
- FIG. 34H shows the electronic signboard 6200 attached to the wall 6201 .
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion of the electronic signboard 6200, for example. Further, the electronic signboard 6200 may be provided with an interface such as a touch panel.
- an example of an electronic device that can be attached to a wall is shown as an example of an electronic signboard, but the type of electronic signboard is not limited to this.
- electronic signboards include a type that is attached to a pillar, a stand type that is placed on the ground, and a type that is installed on the roof or side wall of a building such as a building.
- DSP display device
- DIS display unit
- MA image area
- BA black area
- BA1 black area
- BA2 black area
- BA3 black area
- BA4 black area
- LA character string
- LA1 character string
- LA2 character string
- LA3 character string
- LA4 character string
- CSB central part
- LI image
- ARA display area
- ARD circuit area
- SICL circuit layer
- LINL wiring layer
- PXAL pixel layer
- BS substrate
- DRV drive circuit area
- LIA area
- SDS circuit
- SD drive circuit
- GDS circuit
- GD drive circuit
- PRPH peripheral circuit
- DMG distribution circuit
- DMS distribution circuit
- CTR control unit
- MD storage device
- PG voltage generation circuit
- TMC timing controller
- CKS clock signal generation circuit
- CK2 circuit
- GPS image processing unit
- GP1 circuit
- GP2 circuit
- INT interface
- BW bus wiring
- HMD head
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、第1領域と第2領域を含む表示部と、第1領域に対応する第1駆動回路と、第2領域に対応する第2駆動回路と、第1回路と、第2回路と、第1信号生成回路と、第2信号生成回路と、を有する、表示装置である。第1回路は、第1画像に応じた第1画像信号を生成する機能を有し、第2回路は、第2画像に応じた第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する。なお、第2画像は、文字列を有する。また、第1信号生成回路は、第1フレーム周波数のクロック信号を生成する機能を有し、第2信号生成回路は、第2フレーム周波数のクロック信号を生成する機能を有する。なお、第1フレーム周波数は、第2フレーム周波数よりも高い。表示装置は、第1駆動回路に第1画像信号が送信されることで、第1フレーム周波数で第1領域に第1画像を表示する機能と、第2駆動回路に第2画像信号が送信されることで、第2フレーム周波数で第2領域に第2画像を表示する機能と、を有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)において、第1領域と、表示部の中心部と、は互いに重畳する領域を有する構成としてもよい。表示部の中心部とは、表示部に引かれる2本の対角線の交わる点を中心とし、かつ半径がL/64以下の円の領域である。なお、Lは、表示部の対角線の長さ(対角サイズ)とする。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)、又は(2)に記載の表示装置と、音声入力部と、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有する電子機器である。音声入力部は、外部音声を取得する機能を有する。また、変換部は、外部音声に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有する。また、画像生成部は、文字情報に応じた文字列を含む第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有する。第2回路は、データを取得して、第2画像に応じた第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)、又は(2)に記載の表示装置と、センサと、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有する電子機器である。センサは、人又は物の動きを撮像する機能を有する。また、変換部は、センサによって撮像された内容に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有する。また、画像生成部は、文字情報に応じた文字列を含む第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有する。また、第2回路は、データを取得して、第2画像に応じた第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)、又は(2)に記載の表示装置と、アンテナと、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有する電子機器である。アンテナは、外部機器から通知情報を受信する機能を有する。また、変換部は、アンテナによって取得した通知情報に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有する。また、画像生成部は、文字情報に応じた文字列を含む第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有する。また、第2回路は、データを取得して、第2画像に応じた第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する。
図2A、及び図2Bは、表示装置の構成例を示した断面模式図である。
図3Aは、表示装置の表示部の一例を示した上面模式図であり、図3Bは、表示装置の駆動回路領域の一例を示した上面模式図である。
図4は、表示装置の構成例を示した上面模式図である。
図5A乃至図5Eは、表示装置に表示される画像の一例を示す図である。
図6は、表示装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
図7は、表示装置の動作例を示すフローチャートである。
図8A、及び図8Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図9は、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図10は、電子機器の構成例を示すブロック図である。
図11は、電子機器の動作例を示すフローチャートである。
図12A、及び図12Bは、電子機器の一例を示す図である。
図13は、電子機器の動作例を示すフローチャートである。
図14は、電子機器の動作例を示すフローチャートである。
図15は、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図16A乃至図16Dは、発光デバイスの構成例を示す模式図である。
図17は、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図18A、及び図18Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図19A、及び図19Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図20A、及び図20Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図21A、及び図21Bは、表示装置の構成例を示す断面模式図である。
図22A乃至図22Fは、表示装置の作製方法の一例を示す断面図である。
図23Aは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示す回路図であり、図23Bは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示す斜視模式図である。
図24A乃至図24Dは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示す回路図である。
図25A乃至図25Dは、表示装置に含まれる画素回路の構成例を示す回路図である。
図26A乃至図26Gは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図27A乃至図27Fは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図28A乃至図28Hは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図29A乃至図29Dは、画素の一例を示す上面図である。
図30A、及び図30Bは、表示モジュールの構成例を示す図である。
図31A乃至図31Fは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図32A乃至図32Dは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図33A乃至図33Cは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
図34A乃至図34Hは、電子機器の構成例を示す図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の表示装置と、当該表示装置の駆動方法と、について、説明する。
図1Aは、本発明の一態様である表示装置DSPと、表示装置DSPに備わっている、表示部DISを示している。なお、図1Aでは、一例として、表示部DISに自動車が表示されている。また、図1Aでは、表示部DISに、アスペクト比が表示装置DSPのアスペクト比と異なる画像が表示されている様子を示している。
次に、本発明の一態様の表示装置の動作方法の一例について、説明する。図7は、図6に示した表示装置DSPの動作方法の一例を示したフローチャートである。図7に示すフローチャートは、ステップST1乃至ステップST5を有する。
ステップST1は、制御部CTRが、表示装置DSPに表示する画像のアスペクト比を取得するステップを有する。なお、当該画像は、外部装置からインターフェースINTに入力された画像情報とすることができる。
ステップST2は、制御部CTRが、表示装置DSPのアスペクト比及び画像のアスペクト比から、表示部DISを、表示部DISに画像を表示する画像領域MAと、画像を表示しない黒領域BAと、に区分けするステップを有する。具体的には、本ステップによって、表示部DISに含まれている表示領域ARA[1,1]乃至表示領域ARA[m,n]のそれぞれには、画像領域MA又は黒領域BAの一方が割り振られる。これにより、表示部DISに含まれる表示領域ARA[1,1]乃至表示領域ARA[m,n]のうち、画像領域MAとなる表示領域ARAのアドレスと、黒領域BAとなる表示領域ARAのアドレスと、が定められる。
ステップST3では、分配回路DMG、及び分配回路DMSのそれぞれに、画像領域MAとなる表示領域ARAのアドレスと、黒領域BAとなる表示領域ARAのアドレスと、を含む情報が送信されて、画像領域MAに含まれる画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路GD、及び駆動回路SDが選択され、かつ黒領域BAに含まれる画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路GD、及び駆動回路SDが選択されるステップを有する。具体的には、本ステップによって、分配回路DMGに含まれる複数の駆動回路GDが、画像領域MAとなっている表示領域ARAの画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路GDと、黒領域BAとなっている表示領域ARAの画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路GDと、に分けられる。同様に、本ステップによって、分配回路DMSに含まれる複数の駆動回路SDが、画像領域MAとなっている表示領域ARAの画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路SDと、黒領域BAとなっている表示領域ARAの画素回路を駆動させる駆動回路SDと、に分けられる。
ステップST4では、画像処理部GPSによって、表示部DISの画像領域MAに画像を表示するための画像信号の生成と、表示部DISの黒領域BAに画像(黒、及び文字列)を表示するための画像信号の生成と、が行われる。
ステップST5は、ステップST4で、回路GP1によって生成された画像信号が表示部DISの画像領域MAの表示領域ARAに送信され、かつステップST4で、回路GP2によって生成された画像信号(黒、及び文字列)が表示部DISの黒領域BAの表示領域ARAに送信されるステップを有する。これによって、表示装置DSPは、画像領域MAに画像を表示し、黒領域BAに黒、及び文字列を表示することができる。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明した表示装置を含む電子機器について説明する。なお、当該電子機器としては、例えば、ヘッドマウントディスプレイとすることができる。
本発明の一態様の電子機器の構成を図8Aに示す。図8Aには、ユーザURが、本発明の一態様の電子機器であるヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDを装着している様子を示している。また、図8Aでは、ユーザURがコントローラRMCを持って、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDを操作している。また、図8Aには、表示装置DSPの表示部DISに表示されている画像も図示している。
次に、本発明の一態様の電子機器の動作方法の一例について、説明する。図11は、図8A乃至図10に示したヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDの動作方法の一例を示したフローチャートである。図11に示すフローチャートは、ステップSU1乃至ステップSU5を有する。
ステップSU1は、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDが外部情報を取得するステップを有する。なお、ここでの外部情報とは、図8Aにおける音声SND、図8BにおけるユーザURの周辺、又は図9における情報端末SMPが受信した通知情報とすることができる。外部情報が図8Aにおける音声SNDである場合、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、音声入力部SIPによって音声SNDを取得し、又は、外部情報が図8BにおけるユーザURの周辺である場合、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、センサSNCによってユーザURの周辺の情報を取得し、又は、外部情報が図9における情報端末SMPが受信した通知情報である場合、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、アンテナANTによって情報端末SMPからの通知情報を取得する。
ステップSU2は、変換部HKBが、ステップSU1で取得した外部情報に基づいて文字情報を生成するステップを有する。
ステップSU3は、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSU2で生成された文字情報を用いて、文字列LAを含む画像データを生成するステップを有する。
ステップSU4は、画像生成部PGPが、画像生成部PGPからステップSU3で生成された画像データを表示装置DSPの回路GP2に送信するステップを有する。
ステップSU5は、例えば、図7に示したフローチャートのステップST4、及びステップST5が行われるステップを有する。
また、本発明の一態様の電子機器であるヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、音声入力部SIPと、センサSNCと、を有する構成としてもよい。さらに、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、表示部DISの画像領域MAに、センサSNCによって撮像された画像を表示する構成としてもよい。なお、上述したヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、例えば、図10に示すブロック図の構成とすることができる。
次に、本発明の一態様の電子機器の動作方法の一例について、説明する。図13は、図12Aに示したヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDの動作方法の一例を示したフローチャートである。図13に示すフローチャートは、ステップSV1乃至ステップSV6を有する。
ステップSV1は、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDが外部情報を取得するステップを有する。なお、ここでの外部情報とは、図12Aにおける他者OTHが発した声とすることができる。具体的には、例えば、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDの音声入力部SIPが、他者OTHが発した声を取得する。
ステップSV2は、変換部HKBが、ステップSV1で取得した外部情報に基づいて文字情報を生成するステップを有する。
ステップSV3は、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDのセンサSNCがユーザURの周辺を撮像するステップを有する。これにより、ヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDは、ユーザURの周辺の撮像データを取得することができる。
ステップSV4は、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSV2で生成された文字情報と、ステップSV3で撮像された撮像データと、を用いて、表示装置DSPの表示部DISに表示する画像データを生成するステップを有する。具体的には、例えば、ステップSV4は、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSV2で生成された文字情報から、表示部DISの黒領域BAに表示するための文字列LAを含む画像データを生成するステップと、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSV3で生成された撮像データから、表示部DISの画像領域MAに表示するための画像データを生成するステップを有する。
ステップSV5は、画像生成部PGPが、画像生成部PGPからステップSV4で生成された画像データを表示装置DSPの画像処理部GPSに送信するステップを有する。具体的には、例えば、ステップSV5は、画像生成部PGPが、回路GP1に、ステップSV4で生成された撮像データを基にした画像データを送信するステップと、画像生成部PGPが、回路GP2に、ステップSV4で生成された文字列LAを含む画像データを送信するステップを有する。
ステップSV6は、例えば、図7に示したフローチャートのステップST4、及びステップST5が行われるステップを有する。
次に、図12Bに示したヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDの動作方法の一例について説明する。図14は、図12Bに示したヘッドマウントディスプレイHMDの動作方法の一例を示したフローチャートである。図14に示すフローチャートは、ステップSW1乃至ステップSW5を有する。
ステップSW1乃至ステップSW3のそれぞれの動作は、上述したステップSV1乃至ステップSV3の動作と同様である。そのため、ステップSW1乃至ステップSW3のそれぞれの動作については、ステップSV1乃至ステップSV3の説明を参酌する。
ステップSW4は、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSW2で生成された文字情報と、ステップSW3で撮像された撮像データと、を用いて、表示装置DSPの表示部DISに表示する画像データを生成するステップを有する。具体的には、例えば、ステップSW4は、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSV2で生成された文字情報から文字列LAを生成するステップと、画像生成部PGPが、ステップSV3で生成された撮像データに、文字列LAを合成して、画像データを生成するステップと、を有する。なお、ステップSW3において、変換部HKBによって画像解析を行って、声を発した人を特定することで、文字列LAの位置を最適化することができる場合がある。
ステップSW5は、画像生成部PGPが、画像生成部PGPからステップSW4で生成された画像データを表示装置DSPの画像処理部GPSに送信するステップを有する。具体的には、例えば、ステップSW5は、画像生成部PGPが、回路GP1に、ステップSV4で生成された撮像データと文字列LAとを合成した画像データを送信するステップを有する。
ステップSW6は、回路GP1が、画像領域MAに画像を表示するための画像信号を生成するステップを有する。
ステップSW7は、ステップSW6で、回路GP1によって生成された画像信号が表示部DISの画像領域MAの表示領域ARAに送信されるステップを有する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器に備えることができる表示装置について説明する。なお、上記の実施の形態で説明した表示部DISは、本実施の形態で説明する表示装置を適用することができる。
図15は、本発明の一態様の表示装置の一例を示した断面図である。図15に示す表示装置1000は、一例として、基板310上に画素回路、駆動回路などが設けられた構成となっている。なお、上記で説明した実施の形態の表示装置DSPの構成は、図15の表示装置1000の構成とすることができる。
次に、図15の表示装置1000に適用できる、発光デバイス150の封止構造について説明する。
ところで、本発明の一態様は、上述した構成に限定されず、状況に応じて、上述した構成を適宜変更することができる。以下に、図15の表示装置1000の変更例を、図20A乃至図21Bを用いて説明する。なお、図20A乃至図21Bには、表示装置1000の画素層PXALの一部のみを抜粋して図示している。具体的には、図20A乃至図21Bのそれぞれは、絶縁体250、絶縁体111a、及び絶縁体111aよりも上方に位置する絶縁体、導電体、発光デバイス150a、発光デバイス150bなどを図示している。特に、図20A乃至図21Bでは、発光デバイス150c、導電体121c、導電体122c、及びEL層141cも図示している。
次に、表示装置1000における、絶縁体162とその周辺を含む領域の断面構造を示す。
ここで、画素層PXALに備えることができる画素回路の構成例について、説明する。
ここでは、本発明の一態様の表示装置に適用できる画素レイアウトについて説明する。副画素の配列に特に限定はなく、様々な方法を適用することができる。副画素の配列としては、例えば、ストライプ配列、Sストライプ配列、マトリクス配列、デルタ配列、ベイヤー配列、ペンタイル配列などが挙げられる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器に適用できる表示モジュールについて説明する。
初めに、本発明の一態様の電子機器に適用できる表示装置を備えた表示モジュールについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の電子機器として、表示装置が適用された電子機器の例について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製された表示装置を備える電子機器について説明する。
図34Aに示す情報端末5500は、情報端末の一種である携帯電話(スマートフォン)である。情報端末5500は、筐体5510と、表示部5511と、を有しており、入力用インターフェースとして、タッチパネルが表示部5511に備えられ、ボタンが筐体5510に備えられている。
図34Bは、ウェアラブル端末の一例である情報端末5900の外観を示す図である。情報端末5900は、筐体5901、表示部5902、操作ボタン5903、及び竜頭5904、バンド5905を有する。
また、図34Cには、ノート型情報端末5300が図示されている。図24Cに示すノート型情報端末5300には、一例として、筐体5330aに表示部5331、筐体5330bにキーボード部5350が備えられている。
図34Dは、ファインダー8100を取り付けた状態のカメラ8000の外観を示す図である。
図34Eは、ゲーム機の一例である携帯ゲーム機5200の外観を示す図である。携帯ゲーム機5200は、筐体5201、表示部5202、及びボタン5203を有する。
図34Fは、テレビジョン装置を示す斜視図である。テレビジョン装置9000は、筐体9002、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、または操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006、及びセンサ9007(力、変位、位置、速度、加速度、角速度、回転数、距離、光、液、磁気、温度、化学物質、音声、時間、硬度、電場、電流、電圧、電力、放射線、流量、湿度、傾度、振動、においまたは赤外線を測定する機能を含むもの)を有する。本発明の一態様の記憶装置は、テレビジョン装置に備えることができる。テレビジョン装置は、例えば、50インチ以上、または100インチ以上の表示部9001を組み込むことが可能である。
本発明の一態様の表示装置は、移動体である自動車の運転席周辺に適用することもできる。
図34Hは、壁に取り付けが可能な電子看板(デジタルサイネージ)の例を示している。図34Hは、電子看板6200が壁6201に取り付けられている様子を示している。本発明の一態様の表示装置は、例えば、電子看板6200の表示部に適用することができる。また、電子看板6200には、タッチパネルなどのインターフェースなどが設けられていてもよい。
Claims (5)
- 第1領域と第2領域を含む表示部と、前記第1領域に対応する第1駆動回路と、前記第2領域に対応する第2駆動回路と、第1回路と、第2回路と、第1信号生成回路と、第2信号生成回路と、を有し、
前記第1回路は、第1画像に応じた第1画像信号を生成する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、第2画像に応じた第2画像信号を生成する機能を有し、
前記第2画像は、文字列を有し、
前記第1信号生成回路は、第1フレーム周波数のクロック信号を生成する機能を有し、
前記第2信号生成回路は、第2フレーム周波数のクロック信号を生成する機能を有し、
前記第1フレーム周波数は、前記第2フレーム周波数よりも高く、
前記第1駆動回路に前記第1画像信号が送信されることで、前記第1フレーム周波数で前記第1領域に前記第1画像を表示する機能と、
前記第2駆動回路に前記第2画像信号が送信されることで、前記第2フレーム周波数で前記第2領域に前記第2画像を表示する機能と、を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記表示部の対角線の長さをLとし、
前記表示部の中心部は、前記表示部に引かれる2本の対角線の交わる点を中心とし、かつ半径がL/64以下の円の領域であり、
前記第1領域と、前記中心部と、は互いに重畳する領域を有する、
表示装置。 - 請求項1、又は請求項2に記載の表示装置と、音声入力部と、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有し、
前記音声入力部は、外部音声を取得する機能を有し、
前記変換部は、前記外部音声に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有し、
前記画像生成部は、前記文字情報に応じた文字列を含む前記第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、前記データを取得して、前記第2画像に応じた前記第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する、
電子機器。 - 請求項1、又は請求項2に記載の表示装置と、センサと、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有し、
前記センサは、人又は物の動きを撮像する機能を有し、
前記変換部は、前記センサによって撮像された内容に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有し、
前記画像生成部は、前記文字情報に応じた文字列を含む前記第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、前記データを取得して、前記第2画像に応じた前記第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する、
電子機器。 - 請求項1、又は請求項2に記載の表示装置と、アンテナと、変換部と、画像生成部と、を有し、
前記アンテナは、外部機器から通知情報を受信する機能を有し、
前記変換部は、前記アンテナによって取得した前記通知情報に応じた文字情報を生成する機能を有し、
前記画像生成部は、前記文字情報に応じた文字列を含む前記第2画像のデータを生成する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、前記データを取得して、前記第2画像に応じた前記第2画像信号を生成する機能を有する、
電子機器。
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JPH05241127A (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-21 | Canon Inc | 液晶表示装置 |
WO1997011447A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-03-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif d'affichage d'images |
JP2003098992A (ja) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-04 | Nec Corp | ディスプレイの駆動方法、その回路及び携帯用電子機器 |
WO2018143028A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | シャープ株式会社 | マトリクス型表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
WO2018150831A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 情報処理装置、情報処理方法及び記録媒体 |
WO2020203832A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 株式会社ソニー・インタラクティブエンタテインメント | 境界表示制御装置、境界表示制御方法及びプログラム |
JP2021047227A (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 表示装置、表示装置の制御プログラム、表示装置の制御方法、及び表示システム |
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JPH11275486A (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-08 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
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JPH05241127A (ja) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-21 | Canon Inc | 液晶表示装置 |
WO1997011447A1 (fr) * | 1995-09-20 | 1997-03-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Dispositif d'affichage d'images |
JP2003098992A (ja) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-04 | Nec Corp | ディスプレイの駆動方法、その回路及び携帯用電子機器 |
WO2018143028A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | シャープ株式会社 | マトリクス型表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
WO2018150831A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-16 | 2018-08-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 情報処理装置、情報処理方法及び記録媒体 |
WO2020203832A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | 株式会社ソニー・インタラクティブエンタテインメント | 境界表示制御装置、境界表示制御方法及びプログラム |
JP2021047227A (ja) * | 2019-09-17 | 2021-03-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 表示装置、表示装置の制御プログラム、表示装置の制御方法、及び表示システム |
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