WO2023025794A1 - Dispositif de commutation - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023025794A1
WO2023025794A1 PCT/EP2022/073475 EP2022073475W WO2023025794A1 WO 2023025794 A1 WO2023025794 A1 WO 2023025794A1 EP 2022073475 W EP2022073475 W EP 2022073475W WO 2023025794 A1 WO2023025794 A1 WO 2023025794A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
contact
circuit according
switching device
reversible interruption
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/073475
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Kahnt
Jens Hunger
Sohel AHMAD
Martin Glugla
Andreas Kahmann
Nicolas KLEINKAMP
Christian Backhaus
Original Assignee
Elpro Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elpro Gmbh filed Critical Elpro Gmbh
Publication of WO2023025794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023025794A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/20—Interlocking, locking, or latching mechanisms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching device for the reversible interruption of a circuit with a contact system, the contact system having a first and a second contact, the second contact being arranged so that it can move relative to the first contact, the second contact being reversible between an open position and a closed position opposite the first contact is movable, a drive unit for moving the second contact and a locking device for locking the second contact in the open position.
  • Vacuum interrupters are the actual switching element in vacuum switches for connecting and interrupting electrical circuits when there is no current, under load or in the event of short circuits. Inside these vacuum interrupters, there are usually two primary contacts, one of which is movable. In the closed state, the contacts touch and in the open state there is a vacuum path between the contacts, which takes over the isolating function and has a corresponding insulation resistance.
  • Patent specification EP 3224 851 B1 shows a switching device in which the contact is held in the open position by magnetic force in the open position. An electromagnet overcomes the force of the permanent magnets to close the contacts. The system does not engage mechanically in the open position. This system is not explicitly designed for a vacuum interrupter chamber, for use in engine starting systems, for example.
  • Document EP 2 587 508 A1 discloses a contact system for a circuit breaker which is secured by means of a magnet in the open position and in the closed position. The switch is not mechanically locked in the respective positions.
  • This circuit breaker is also designed as a motor circuit breaker for low voltages.
  • FIG. 5 a circuit breaker for a vacuum interrupter chamber, which is brought into an open position by means of an electromagnet.
  • a ratchet lever locks an angle lever, which is connected to a rotatable selector shaft that is spring-loaded.
  • an electromagnet pulls on the latch lever, which releases the angle lever.
  • the switching shaft rotates and takes with it a drive rod that moves a contact in the vacuum interrupter chamber.
  • the contact is held in the switching shaft by spring tension, but not locked.
  • Document WO 2007/131968 A1 shows a vacuum interrupter chamber that can be moved into a closed or open position by means of kinematics.
  • the kinematics are under spring tension, the contacts are locked neither in the closed nor in the open position.
  • Document DE 102 38 950 B4 shows a vacuum interrupter chamber that is held in the closed position by means of spring pressure. Opening takes place by exerting a force (train) against the spring force. The contacts are not locked in either the closed or open position.
  • Document EP 2 864 995 B1 shows a switching device that uses electromechanical magnetic coils to move the movable contact from a closed to an open position and vice versa. The movable contact is spring loaded such that the contact is biased in the open position.
  • the switching device for the reversible interruption of a circuit has a contact system which in turn has a first and a second contact.
  • the second contact is movable relative to the first contact.
  • the second contact can be moved reversibly between an open position and a closed position relative to the first contact.
  • the switching device according to the invention also has a drive unit for moving the second contact and a locking device, the locking device (10) having a locking element (30) and/or a blocking element (42).
  • Locking the second contact element has the advantage that the contact element is secured in the respective position even when mechanical and/or electromagnetic forces occur. Furthermore, locking the locking element in the respective position has the advantage that here a double Backup excludes any malfunction of the locking element and thus the switching device and thus leads to increased security.
  • the locking element (10) is provided and suitable for locking the second contact in the open position. Locking the second contact element in the open position has the advantage that the contact element is secured in the open position even if mechanical and/or electromagnetic forces occur.
  • the blocking element (42) is provided and suitable for blocking the movement of the locking element (30) in the locking position.
  • the blocking of the locking element in the locking position has the advantage that double protection of the open contact excludes any malfunction and thus leads to increased security.
  • the drive unit is preferably a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has magnet coils.
  • the drive unit has at least one stationary magnetic coil.
  • a movable yoke plate can be moved reversibly between two positions.
  • the yoke plate can have permanent magnets, the magnet system is then bipolar.
  • the yoke plate is connected to the second contact by an extension element, with which the actuating force of the drive unit is transmitted to the second contact.
  • the locking device according to the invention can be locked mechanically.
  • the switching device according to the invention does not require any energy in order to keep the contact system in the open position or in the closed position.
  • the drive unit only requires energy for a short time in order to convert the switching device according to the invention from the closed state to the open state and/or vice versa.
  • the locking device is designed as a latching device.
  • the latching device latches mechanically in the open position of the contact system.
  • the contact system is thus locked in its open position and held securely.
  • the latching device is designed in such a way that the lock can be released again and the contact system can thus be moved back into the closed position.
  • the latching device has a blocking element.
  • the blocking element blocks the drive unit in the open position of the contact system.
  • the contact system is locked in its open position and held securely.
  • the drive unit does not require any energy to keep the contact system in the open position or in the closed position.
  • the blocking element is a pawl.
  • the pawl is a two-armed lever that is pivoted about an axis. In the open position of the contact system, the pawl inhibits the drive unit in such a way that the contact system is locked in the open position.
  • the locking element is in engagement with a locking piece and/or an engagement element coupled to the locking piece.
  • the blocking element preferably blocks the blocking piece in the open position of the contact system.
  • the locking piece is preloaded with a spring.
  • the blocking piece is preloaded in such a way that the blocking piece does not block the drive unit when the contact system is in the closed position.
  • the locking piece In the open position of the contact system, the locking piece is brought into engagement with the drive unit by the spring, and the drive unit is locked.
  • the locking piece is prestressed in the locking position. In the locking position, the blocking piece is prestressed in such a way that the blocking piece does not block the drive unit when the contact system is in the closed position. In the open position of the contact system, the locking piece is brought into engagement with the drive unit by the spring, and the drive unit is locked.
  • the locking piece can be locked in the locked position by the pawl.
  • the pawl In the open position of the contact system, the pawl inhibits the blocking piece in such a way that the contact system is locked in the open position.
  • the locking device has a locking element that is movably arranged relative to the locking device.
  • the locking element is rigidly connected to the locking piece and is also pre-tensioned in the locking position by the pre-tensioning of the locking piece.
  • the locking element can be preloaded by an additional spring in the locking position.
  • the locking element thereby additionally locks the drive unit in the open position of the contact system. In the open position of the contact system, the locking element is brought into engagement with the drive unit by the spring, and the drive unit is blocked.
  • the locking element is designed to be drivable in such a way that it unlocks the pawl and the locking piece and moves them into the unlocked position.
  • the drive unit can convert the contact system into a closed position.
  • the locking element can be driven electrically.
  • the locking element can preferably be driven by means of a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate can be moved reversibly between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • the locking element has a coil.
  • the locking element can be driven by means of a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate which can have permanent magnets, can be moved reversibly between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • the locking element can be driven with the coil.
  • the locking element can be driven by means of a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate which can have permanent magnets, can be moved reversibly between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • the switching device has a vacuum chamber.
  • the vacuum chamber is typically a cylindrical ceramic arrangement that is closed off at both ends by means of a cover.
  • a fixed contact stem is attached to one cover, which reaches through the cover and which carries the fixed first contact of the contact system at its inner end.
  • the locking device is arranged outside of the vacuum chamber.
  • the locking device is easy to reach for maintenance, and electrical contacts for connecting to an electrical power supply are also easily accessible.
  • vacuum chambers can be purchased inexpensively as a standard component in mass production.
  • the first and the second contact are arranged in the vacuum chamber.
  • a fixed contact stem that reaches into the cover and the one on the inside End carries the fixed first contact of the contact system.
  • a contact stem which is more movable and carries the second contact at its inner end.
  • the method according to the invention for reversible interruption of a circuit has four method steps:
  • an event is detected.
  • the event can be, for example, a short circuit in the circuit.
  • an input into a control unit connected to the switching device 1 is also possible.
  • a switching command is triggered, by means of which a switching device is caused to interrupt the circuit.
  • a circuit is opened by moving a second contact relative to a first contact into an open position. The distance between the two contacts in the open position is typically 1 mm.
  • the switching device is opened in less than 1.2 ms by means of stored energy.
  • the second contact is mechanically locked in the open position.
  • the switching device requires no energy to keep the contact system in the open position or in the closed position.
  • the drive unit for opening the contacts only needs energy for a short time in order to convert the switching device from the closed state to the open state and vice versa.
  • the locking is effected by a locking element.
  • the locking element is preferably driven purely mechanically in order to be moved from the unlocked position into the locked position. This has the advantage that the locking element can be moved into the locking position even in the event of a short circuit or power failure.
  • the locking element is secured in the locking position by a locking element (42). The additional securing of the locking element in the locking position has the advantage that unintentional unlocking is prevented.
  • locking takes place by means of a latching device.
  • the latching device latches mechanically in the open position of the contact system.
  • the contact system is thus locked in its open position and held securely.
  • the latching device is designed in such a way that the lock can be released again and the contact system can thus be moved back into the closed position.
  • the locking is secured by a locking piece preloaded in the locking position.
  • the blocking piece In the locking position, the blocking piece is pretensioned in such a way that the blocking piece does not block the drive unit when the contact system is in the closed position.
  • the locking piece In the open position of the contact system, the locking piece is brought into engagement with the drive unit by the spring, and the drive unit is locked.
  • the locking piece is in engagement with a locking element and/or an engagement element coupled to the locking piece.
  • the blocking element preferably blocks the blocking piece in the open position of the contact system.
  • the blocking element is a pawl.
  • the pawl is a two-armed lever that is pivoted about an axis. In the open position of the contact system, the pawl inhibits the drive unit in such a way that the contact system is locked in the open position.
  • the locking device is unlocked by an electrically drivable locking element.
  • the locking element is driven, for example, by means of a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate which can have permanent magnets, is reversibly moved between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • the unlocking element is driven by an electromagnetic force.
  • the locking element is driven by a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate which can have permanent magnets, is reversibly moved between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • the unlocking element is driven by a coil.
  • the locking element is driven by a magnet system whose magnetic circuit has stationary magnet coils.
  • a movable yoke plate which can have permanent magnets, is reversibly moved between two end positions to unlock the locking device by means of the locking element.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the switching device according to the invention for the reversible interruption of an electric circuit and the method according to the invention for the reversible interruption of an electric circuit are shown schematically in simplified form in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.
  • Fig. 1a A side view of an embodiment of the switching device according to the invention
  • Fig. 1b A plan view of an embodiment of the switching device according to the invention
  • Fig. 2a A side view of an embodiment of the switching device according to the invention, live
  • Fig. 2 b A side view of an embodiment of the switching device according to the invention, current interrupted
  • the switching device 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the switching device 1 according to the invention for the reversible interruption of a circuit.
  • the switching device 1 has the vacuum chamber 100 in which a contact system with a fixed first contact and a second contact (not shown) that is designed to be movable relative to the first contact is arranged.
  • the locking device 10 is arranged outside of the vacuum chamber 100 (FIG. 1a).
  • the second contact is located above the first contact in opposition and is connected to the locking device 10 by the extension member 20 to the locking device 10 .
  • the second contact is arranged to be reversibly movable between a closed position and an open position relative to the first contact.
  • the locking device 10 therefore only acts on the second contact in the vacuum chamber 100.
  • the switching device 1 is designed in a vertical position at a substantially right angle to the floor.
  • the locking device 10 is arranged above the vacuum chamber 100 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the locking device 10 can also be arranged at any angle to the vacuum chamber 100 or the vacuum chamber 100 and thus also the switching device 1 can be arranged at any angle. Due to the arrangement of the locking device 10 outside of the vacuum chamber 100, the locking device 10 is easily accessible, particularly in the case of maintenance.
  • the outer wall 2 protects the switching device 1 from the effects of the weather and damage.
  • the contact pressure spring 21 rests on the one hand against a stationary wall 22 and on the other hand against the second contact which is movably arranged relative to the wall 22 .
  • the separating coils 24 are arranged in the wall 22 , the extension element 20 is movably guided through the wall 22 .
  • the yoke plate 23 is arranged above the wall 22 and rests on the wall 22 when the switching device 1 is in the current-carrying state.
  • the yoke plate 23 is fixed to the extension element 20 and is therefore arranged to be movable with respect to the wall 22 .
  • the yoke plate 23 has permanent magnets which also rest on the separating coil 24 and touch it.
  • the extension element 20 has the stop element 25, which is firmly connected to the extension element 20.
  • the stop element 25 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the extension element 20 .
  • the locking element 30 is arranged horizontally at the level of the underside of the stop element 25.
  • the locking element 30 is movably mounted in the vertically arranged, stationary locking mount 32 .
  • the yoke plate 33 is fixedly connected to the locking member 30 and is movably arranged with respect to the locking bracket 32 .
  • the length of the locking element 30 is dimensioned such that the compression spring 31 presses the locking element 30 against the stop element 25 .
  • the locking device 40 is arranged on the side of the extension element 20 opposite the locking element 30, in this exemplary embodiment on the left-hand side.
  • the latching device 40 has the blocking element 42 designed as a pawl, which is arranged pivotable about the axis A by 10°.
  • the blocking element 42 On the side facing the stop element 25 , the blocking element 42 has a latching lug 46 which engages in the driver 26 .
  • the locking piece 43 is movably guided in the outer wall 2 of the switching device 1 .
  • the locking piece 43 has a locking edge 45 (FIG. 1b) into which the locking element 42 engages when the switching device 1 is in the open state.
  • the locking piece 43 is rigidly connected to the locking element 30 by means of the connecting element 44 and is held in position by means of two tension springs 41 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the switching device 1 according to the invention when the circuit is live (FIG. 2a) and open (FIG. 2b).
  • the switching device 1 is the one already described in the previous figure (see FIG. 1).
  • the second contact is pressed onto the first contact in the vacuum chamber 100 by the contact pressure spring 21 acting on the extension element 20 and additionally by atmospheric pressure.
  • the method according to the invention for the reversible interruption of an electric circuit using the switching device 1 according to the invention begins with the detection of an event for which the interruption of the electric circuit is necessary.
  • the event can be, for example, a short circuit in the circuit.
  • an input into a control unit connected to the switching device 1 is also possible.
  • Switching device 1 is caused to interrupt the circuit.
  • the circuit is moved by moving the second contact relative to the first contact in the vacuum chamber 100 in such a way that there is a distance of 1 mm between the first contact and the second contact. This distance in a vacuum chamber 100 is sufficient to interrupt the current flow between the first contact and the second contact.
  • the separating coils 24 are energized in such a way that a lifting force is exerted on the yoke plate 23 .
  • the lifting force is greater than the force exerted by the contact pressure spring 21 on the second contact, the extension element 20 is lifted together with the second contact rigidly connected thereto.
  • the circuit is open and interrupted (Fig. 2b).
  • the stroke of the extension element 20 raises the stop element 25, which is rigidly connected to it, by the same amount.
  • the compression spring 31 of the locking element presses the locking element 30 into the area under the stop element 25 and thus locks the stop element 25 in the open position of the circuit.
  • the locking element 42 is pivoted by 10° about the axis A by the lifting movement of the stop element 25 and at the same time the locking piece 43 is also moved against the force of the tension springs 41 in such a way that the locking element 42 engages in the locking edge 45.
  • the switching device 1 By means of stored energy, in this exemplary embodiment electrical energy stored in capacitors, the switching device 1 is opened in a time of less than 1.2 ms.
  • the switching position is reported and displayed optically by suitable sensors, here by means of suitable markings on the locking element and locking piece.
  • the open state (FIG. 2b)
  • it In the open state (FIG. 2b), it is held securely by the mechanical, spring-force-driven latching mechanism twice--namely by the locking element 30 and the blocking element 42.
  • the isolating coils 24 are not live when the switching device 1 is in the open and locked state. In order to close the circuit again, i.e.
  • the unlocking coils 34 are energized in such a way that the yoke plate 33 and the locking element 30 firmly connected to it are subjected to a force counter to the Pressure of the compression spring 31 is exerted.
  • the yoke plate 33 and with it the locking element 30 are moved outwards.
  • the yoke plate 33 of the locking element 30 can also have permanent magnets.
  • the stop element 25 is therefore released.
  • the contact pressure spring 21 presses the extension element 20, the stop element 25, which is rigidly connected to the extension element 20, and the second contact, which is also rigidly connected to the extension element 20, downward.
  • the driver 26 executes a pivoting movement of the blocking element 42 by 10°.
  • the locking piece 43 is moved by the tension springs 41 and the movement of the locking element 30 which is connected to the locking piece 43 by the connecting element 44 .
  • First contact and second contact are pressed together by the contact pressure spring 21, the circuit is closed (Fig. 2a).
  • Switching on again is triggered by the electromagnetic drive of the unlocking coil 34, which is fed by a second energy store, here also with capacitors.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation pour une interruption réversible d'un circuit, comprenant : - un système de contacts, le système de contacts ayant un premier contact et un second contact, le second contact étant monté pour se déplacer par rapport au premier contact, et le second contact pouvant être déplacé de manière réversible entre une position ouverte et une position fermée par rapport au premier contact ; - une unité d'entraînement pour déplacer le second contact ; - et un dispositif de verrouillage pour verrouiller le second contact dans la position ouverte, le dispositif de verrouillage étant mécaniquement verrouillable.
PCT/EP2022/073475 2021-08-25 2022-08-23 Dispositif de commutation WO2023025794A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021122028.9 2021-08-25
DE102021122028.9A DE102021122028A1 (de) 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 Schaltschloss

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023025794A1 true WO2023025794A1 (fr) 2023-03-02

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ID=83280397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/073475 WO2023025794A1 (fr) 2021-08-25 2022-08-23 Dispositif de commutation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102021122028A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023025794A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0384552A2 (fr) 1989-02-22 1990-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance
US6262648B1 (en) * 1997-09-18 2001-07-17 Holec Holland N.V. Electromagnetic actuator
WO2005059939A1 (fr) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil de coupure electromagnetique
WO2007131968A1 (fr) 2006-05-16 2007-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft disjoncteur
DE10238950B4 (de) 2002-08-24 2008-04-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Vakuumschaltgerät
EP2587508A1 (fr) 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 Eaton Industries GmbH Disjoncteur
EP2864995B1 (fr) 2012-08-06 2016-07-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contacteur avec verrou de commutation électromagnétique
EP3224851B1 (fr) 2014-11-28 2019-10-23 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Arrangement de déclenchement rapide pour séparation d'un trajet de courant dans un appareil de commutation
WO2020030205A1 (fr) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Dispositif de commutation pour la commutation commandée d'une liaison électrique et procédé de commutation commandée d'une liaison électrique

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19808083C1 (de) 1998-02-20 1999-04-29 Siemens Ag Vakuumschalter
KR101918237B1 (ko) 2017-03-28 2018-11-13 엘에스산전 주식회사 고속스위치

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0384552A2 (fr) 1989-02-22 1990-08-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance
US6262648B1 (en) * 1997-09-18 2001-07-17 Holec Holland N.V. Electromagnetic actuator
DE10238950B4 (de) 2002-08-24 2008-04-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Vakuumschaltgerät
WO2005059939A1 (fr) * 2003-12-15 2005-06-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Appareil de coupure electromagnetique
WO2007131968A1 (fr) 2006-05-16 2007-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft disjoncteur
EP2587508A1 (fr) 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 Eaton Industries GmbH Disjoncteur
EP2864995B1 (fr) 2012-08-06 2016-07-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Contacteur avec verrou de commutation électromagnétique
EP3224851B1 (fr) 2014-11-28 2019-10-23 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Arrangement de déclenchement rapide pour séparation d'un trajet de courant dans un appareil de commutation
WO2020030205A1 (fr) * 2018-08-07 2020-02-13 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Dispositif de commutation pour la commutation commandée d'une liaison électrique et procédé de commutation commandée d'une liaison électrique

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