WO2023021945A1 - 固相接合方法、固相接合継手、固相接合構造体及び固相接合装置 - Google Patents
固相接合方法、固相接合継手、固相接合構造体及び固相接合装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for solid phase bonding of metal materials, a solid phase bonded joint and a solid phase bonded structure obtained by the solid phase bonding method, and a solid phase bonding apparatus that can be suitably used for the solid phase bonding method. .
- friction welding in which cylindrical metal members are rotated and slid together
- linear friction welding LFW:, in which metal members are slid along a linear trajectory
- FSW friction stir welding
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-287051 proposes a method of providing a friction welded joint made of high-strength steel material in which the hardness is substantially uniform over the rotational radial direction of the friction weld.
- the friction welded joint of high-strength steel described in Patent Document 1 has a microstructure with a crystal grain size of 2 ⁇ m or less, a tensile strength of 60 kgf/mm 2 or more, and a carbon content of 0.1 wt% or less.
- This is a friction welded joint of high-tensile steel materials, and the carbon content of the high-tensile steel materials is kept low at 0.1 wt%. It is said that this low carbon content of 0.1 wt% or less suppresses structural change and hardening of the outer peripheral portion of the high-strength steel during friction welding.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-294404 provides a high-carbon steel material suitable for friction welding, in which the hardness of the friction welded portion hardly increases, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the members (steel materials) to be friction-welded are exposed to an extremely rapid heating and cooling cycle in which they are rapidly heated to a temperature just below the melting point in around 10 seconds under high pressure, and then rapidly cooled from 1200°C or higher. For this reason, the crystal grains of the member become coarse during rapid heating, and are transformed into a hard martensite phase by subsequent rapid cooling, increasing the hardness of the joint.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-164738
- a friction welding device that frictionally welds the one member to the other member, wherein the one member moves from the one member to the other member according to a stop command for relative movement of the one member with respect to the other member from the generation of the stop command.
- a friction welding device characterized by comprising stopping means for stopping the relative movement of the one member with respect to the other member during a period until the locus is moved once relative to the other member. ing.
- Patent Document 3 aims to advance the process control in friction welding, it is intended to accurately control the relative position of two members to be joined, and is not intended to control the shape of the joint. .
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solid phase bonding method capable of controlling the discharge direction of burrs and exhibiting sufficient bonding strength, and a solid phase bonding joint obtained by the solid phase bonding method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid phase bonding structure and a solid phase bonding apparatus that can be suitably used for the solid phase bonding method.
- the inventor of the present invention conducted extensive research on a method for solid-phase bonding of metal materials. It was found to be effective, and the present invention was arrived at.
- the present invention a first step of forming an interface to be joined by contacting ends of one member to be joined and the other member to be joined; a second step of raising the temperature near the interface to be joined by external heating means; a third step of plastically deforming the interface to be bonded to remove burrs and form a solid phase bonding interface; reducing the plate thickness of the end portion of the one member to be joined and/or the other member to be joined; having a slope in which the plate thickness decreases on the side of suppressing discharge of the burrs;
- a solid phase bonding method characterized by:
- the one material to be bonded and/or the other material to be bonded is a pipe material.
- the internal state is important, and by using the solid phase bonding method of the present invention, it is possible to extremely effectively suppress changes in the inner diameter due to the formation of burrs and plastic deformation of the pipe material. can.
- the materials to be joined in the present invention are not limited to pipe materials, and various conventionally known metal materials can be used. For example, it can also be applied to the joining of flat plates, and the joining surface on the side where discharge of burrs is restricted can be made flat.
- the external heating means used in the second step is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention, and conventionally known various external heating means can be used.
- the external heating means include electrical heating, laser heating, high-frequency heating, and heating using arc, plasma, flame, etc., but electrical heating is preferably used.
- electrical heating By applying electric heating under appropriate conditions, only the vicinity of the interface to be joined can be heated in an extremely short time.
- a capacitor a high-density current can be supplied in an extremely short time. Frictional heat generated by sliding between the members to be joined may be used as the external heating means.
- the gradient is 20 to 40°. By setting the gradient to 20° or more, it is possible to reliably obtain the effect of suppressing the discharge of burrs to the side having the gradient. position can be suppressed. A more preferred slope is 25-35°.
- the pressure is equal to or higher than the yield strength of the one material to be bonded and/or the other material to be bonded at a desired bonding temperature.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the mechanism for determining the junction temperature.
- FIG. 1 is a graph schematically showing the relationship between the yield stress of a metal material and temperature. The yield stress of metal materials varies depending on temperature, and the relationship between the yield stress and temperature differs for each metal material.
- the vicinity of the interface to be joined is sufficiently softened to form a new surface on the interface to be joined and burrs are removed from the interface to be joined, thereby achieving joining.
- yield stress yield stress
- the solid phase bonding method of the present invention is based on the mechanism clarified by the present inventor, and since the deformation resistance and temperature in a specific metal material have a substantially constant relationship, the pressure applied near the interface to be bonded , the junction temperature can be precisely controlled.
- the materials to be bonded are brought into contact with each other to form an interface to be bonded, and one of the materials to be bonded and/or the material to be bonded at a desired bonding temperature is placed in a direction substantially perpendicular to the interface to be bonded.
- a pressure higher than the yield strength of the other material to be joined is applied.
- the vicinity of the interface to be bonded deforms at the moment the bonding temperature set in the first step is reached, and one material to be bonded and the other material to be bonded are deformed.
- the pressure applied in the first step serves as a trigger, enabling accurate control of the bonding temperature.
- the pressure applied in the first step is preferably equal to or higher than the yield strength and equal to or lower than the tensile strength of one member to be joined and/or the other member to be joined at a desired joining temperature.
- the timing of applying pressure in the first step may be before reaching the desired bonding temperature (the temperature at which the vicinity of the interface to be bonded is deformed by the pressure).
- the timing of applying pressure in the first step may be after the start of the second step.
- the above external heating means may be used in combination.
- external cooling means such as supply of liquid CO2 , liquid nitrogen, etc. and air blow, etc. may be used in combination, if necessary.
- a desired shape of the solid phase bonded part can be obtained by controlling the discharge direction of the burrs according to the shape of the end of the material to be bonded.
- the microstructure of the solid-phase joint and the mechanical properties resulting from the microstructure can be developed.
- the amount of burrs to be discharged the amount of overlap at the time of joining
- the present invention has a solid phase joint where one pipe material and the other pipe material are integrated through a solid phase joint interface, and the rate of change of the inner diameter of the pipe at the solid phase joint is within 20%.
- a solid phase joint joint characterized by:
- the greatest feature of the solid-phase welded joint of the present invention is that at least one of the materials to be welded is a pipe material, and burr discharge to the inside of the pipe material and plastic deformation of the pipe material are suppressed.
- the rate of change of the inner diameter of the pipe at the solid phase joint is within 20%.
- a more preferable rate of change is within 15%, and the most preferable rate of change is within 10%.
- the present invention also includes the jointed portion subjected to post-processing such as cutting.
- the one pipe material and/or the other pipe material are steel pipes.
- Various materials such as stainless steel and carbon steel are used for steel pipes, but in any case, it is possible to easily raise the temperature near the interface to be joined by resistance heat generation, and to efficiently form a good joint. be able to. Further, for example, by joining a steel pipe and an aluminum pipe with dissimilar materials, the weight of the metal structure can be reduced.
- the one pipe material and/or the other pipe material is a copper pipe.
- a copper pipe By using a copper pipe, it can be suitably used as piping for a heat exchanger.
- copper has low electrical resistance and high thermal conductivity, it is difficult to raise the temperature by resistive heat generation using electricity. , the current density at the time of energization increases, and the temperature can be efficiently raised.
- the one pipe material and/or the other pipe material is an aluminum pipe.
- an aluminum tube By using an aluminum tube, it can be suitably used for applications that require weight reduction.
- a dissimilar material solid-phase joint of an aluminum pipe and a copper pipe and constructing a pipe structure with the right material in the right place it is possible to reduce the weight of the pipes that have conventionally used copper pipes.
- the present invention also provides a solid-phase joint structure characterized by having the pipe material joint of the present invention.
- the solid phase joint structure of the present invention may be composed only of the pipe material joint of the present invention, or may be joined with other members.
- the method of joining the pipe material joint of the present invention to another member is not particularly limited, and joining methods other than solid phase joining such as brazing and welding may be used.
- the present invention provides a pressurizing mechanism that abuts an end of one member to be joined against an end of the other member to form a joint interface, and applies pressure to the joint interface in a substantially vertical direction; an energization mechanism that conducts electricity from the one member to be joined to the other member to be joined through the interface to be joined to raise the temperature in the vicinity of the interface to be joined, wherein Using the one material to be bonded and/or the other material to be bonded having a gradient with a reduced plate thickness at the end, having an overrun control mechanism for controlling overrun for discharging burrs on the opposite side of the gradient; Also provided is a solid phase bonding apparatus characterized by:
- the solid phase welding apparatus of the present invention is a simple one having a basic configuration of a pressure mechanism, an energization mechanism, and an approach margin control mechanism, and does not require the rotation mechanism of a friction welding apparatus or the linear sliding mechanism of a linear friction welding apparatus. is. As a result, the structure can be simplified and the cost can be greatly reduced.
- conventional resistance spot welders and seam welders are also capable of energizing and pressurizing the regions to be joined, but the energization is used to raise the temperature to a higher temperature for the purpose of melting the materials to be joined.
- the pressurization remains at a low value that ensures the adhesion between the members to be joined.
- the bonding temperature is controlled by the applied pressure, the bonding pressure can be controlled in the range of 100 to 1000 MPa by the pressurizing mechanism. It is preferable that the temperature can be raised to 100 to 1000°C.
- the solid phase bonding apparatus of the present invention can also be manufactured based on conventional resistance spot welders and seam welders.
- a high-speed inverter control power source for the power source of a resistance spot welder it is possible to rapidly heat the vicinity of the interface to be joined by ultra-short pulses, and in addition, by enabling the electrode pressure to be set high, It can be a solid phase bonding apparatus of the present invention.
- a mechanical (electrical) servo press device has a high response speed and can set the movement of the slide at an arbitrary speed, and can be suitably used as the pressing mechanism of the solid phase bonding device of the present invention.
- the approach margin control mechanism used in the solid phase bonding apparatus of the present invention may be any mechanism as long as it can control the set approach margin and the speed of the approach in accordance with the state of burr formation. mechanism can be used.
- a solid phase bonding method capable of controlling the discharge direction of burrs and exhibiting sufficient bonding strength, a solid phase bonded joint and a solid phase bonded structure obtained by the solid phase bonding method, and the solid phase bonding It is possible to provide a solid phase bonding apparatus that can be suitably used for the method.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the mechanism of determining the junction temperature in the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the progress of bonding in the solid phase bonding method of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the progress of welding when the ends of the materials to be welded are not inclined. It is a graph which shows the deformation stress (yield stress) of carbon steel in each temperature.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows one aspect
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one mode of the solid phase bonding apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one mode of the solid phase bonding apparatus of the present invention
- the solid phase bonding method of the present invention has a first step of forming an interface to be bonded and applying a pressure necessary for bonding, and a second step of raising the temperature of the interface to be bonded. are doing. Each step will be described in detail below.
- First step (pressure application step)
- a pressure necessary for bonding is applied, and a bonding temperature is determined.
- the pressure applied to the materials to be joined is intended to bring the materials to be joined into close contact with each other, and the pressure does not affect the joining temperature.
- the joining temperature can be accurately determined by the pressure.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the progress of bonding in the solid phase bonding method of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the progress of welding when the ends of the materials to be welded are not inclined. In either case, pipe members are joined together, and the members to be joined are shown as cross-sectional views.
- one member to be joined 2 and the other member to be joined 4 are brought into contact with each other to form a joint interface 6.
- a pressure P equal to or higher than the yield strength of the material to be joined 4 is applied in a substantially vertical direction to the interface 6 to be joined.
- the pressure P is set based on the area of the end face forming the interface 6 to be bonded.
- the pressure P may be determined as a reference.
- the pressure P determined by the method is equal to or higher than the strength in the vicinity of the end surface at room temperature (when the end surface is plastically deformed in the first step)
- the pressure may be increased as the contact surface is increased, and the pressure may be controlled so as to reach the final pressure P.
- the bonding temperature can be controlled by setting the pressure P to be equal to or higher than the yield stress of one of the materials to be bonded 2 and/or the other of the materials to be bonded 4 at the desired bonding temperature.
- the pressure P is set to be equal to or higher than the yield stress of the material to be joined, the deformation near the interface 6 to be joined and the discharge of burrs are started, and when the pressure P is further increased, the deformation and the discharge of burrs are accelerated. It will be. Since the yield stress at a specific temperature is substantially constant depending on the material to be joined, a joining temperature corresponding to the set pressure P can be realized.
- FIG. 4 shows the deformation stress (yield stress) of carbon steel at each temperature.
- FIG. 4 is a graph published in "Tetsu to Hagane, 67th (1981) No. 11, p. 140". As shown in FIG. 4, the yield stress at a particular temperature is approximately constant for each material.
- the bonding temperature can be lowered.
- the yield stress at a specific temperature is substantially constant depending on the material, so the bonding temperature can be controlled very accurately.
- the temperature can be 950 K when the pressure P is 150 MPa, and 1180 K when the pressure P is 50 MPa.
- the pressure P is the flow stress of the one workpiece 2 and/or the other workpiece 4 at the desired bonding temperature.
- the material of the material to be joined 2 on one side and the material to be joined on the other side 4 is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention, and may have a metal phase that can be metallurgically joined. Copper alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys are preferred. Since these metals have low electrical resistance and high thermal conductivity, it is difficult to raise the temperature by resistive heat generation using electricity. , the current density at the time of energization increases, and the temperature can be efficiently raised. On the other hand, by using steel as the material for the material to be joined 2 on one side and the material to be joined 4 on the other side, resistance heating is facilitated, and a good joint can be easily obtained.
- the shapes and sizes of the one member to be joined 2 and the other member to be joined 4 are not particularly limited as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention, and the joining device can achieve desired pressure, temperature rise, and the like.
- Any material may be used, but a pipe material is preferable.
- the internal state is important, and by using the solid phase bonding method of the present invention, it is possible to extremely effectively suppress changes in the inner diameter due to the formation of burrs and plastic deformation of the pipe material. can.
- the materials to be joined in the present invention are not limited to pipe materials, and conventionally known various metal members can be used. For example, it can also be applied to the joining of flat plates, and the joining surface on the side where discharge of burrs is restricted can be made flat.
- the slope ( ⁇ in FIG. 2) of the edge of the material to be joined is 20 to 40°.
- the gradient By setting the gradient to 20° or more, it is possible to reliably obtain the effect of suppressing the discharge of burrs to the side having the gradient. It is possible to suppress the positional deviation between them.
- a more preferred slope is 25-35°.
- the second step is a step of heating the vicinity of the interface 6 to be bonded to the bonding temperature by an external heating means while pressure P is applied substantially perpendicularly to the interface 6 to be bonded. be.
- the method of raising the temperature in the vicinity of the interface 6 to be joined by the external heating means is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention, and conventionally known various external heating means can be used.
- the external heating means include electric heating, laser heating, high-frequency heating, and heating using arc, plasma, flame, etc., but electric heating is preferably used.
- electric heating By applying electric heating under appropriate conditions, only the vicinity of the interface 6 to be joined can be heated in an extremely short time.
- a capacitor a high-density current can be supplied in an extremely short time. Frictional heat generated by sliding between the members to be joined can also be used as the external heating means.
- the burr can be guided to the outside of the materials to be joined (2, 4).
- the temperature rise progresses from the extreme end portion of the materials to be welded (2, 4), and softening and plastic deformation occur from this region, so that the materials to be welded (2, 4) , 4) can be more reliably discharged to the outside.
- the sequential shear deformation of the interface 6 to be joined effectively expands the interface 6 to be joined, and a good joint interface can be efficiently formed by contact between the newly generated surfaces.
- the shear deformation progresses sequentially from the extreme end portion, it is possible to suppress the overall plastic deformation of the members to be joined (2, 4) as shown in FIG.
- the timing of releasing the pressure P may be appropriately set. By unloading after confirming discharge, a good joint can be obtained more reliably.
- a higher pressure may be applied at the end of the joining process for the purpose of removing burrs and making the new surface contact more strongly.
- the timing of stopping the temperature rise by the external heating means is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to stop immediately after reaching the bonding temperature. By shortening the heating time as much as possible, it is possible to suppress the formation of a heat affected zone in the vicinity of the bonding interface.
- FIG. 10 A schematic cross-sectional view of the solid phase joining joint of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the solid phase joint 10 of the present invention has a solid phase joint where one pipe material 12 and the other pipe material 14 are integrated through a solid phase joint interface 16, and the inner diameter of the pipe at the solid phase joint is within 20%.
- the change rate of the pipe inner diameter can be calculated based on the inner diameter of the pipe before joining, and the inner diameter that changes the most due to the formation of burrs on the inside of the pipe and plastic deformation of the pipe materials (12, 14). .
- a more preferable rate of change is within 15%, and the most preferable rate of change is within 10%.
- one pipe material 12 and/or the other pipe material 14 are preferably steel pipes.
- Various materials such as stainless steel and carbon steel are used for steel pipes, but in any case, it is possible to easily raise the temperature near the interface to be joined by resistance heat generation, and to efficiently form a good joint. be able to.
- one pipe material 12 and/or the other pipe material 14 is preferably a copper pipe.
- a copper pipe By using a copper pipe, it can be suitably used as piping for a heat exchanger.
- copper has low electrical resistance and high thermal conductivity, it is difficult to raise the temperature by resistive heat generation using electricity. As a result, the current density is increased during energization, and the temperature can be efficiently raised.
- one pipe material 12 and/or the other pipe material 14 is preferably an aluminum pipe.
- an aluminum tube By using an aluminum tube, it can be suitably used for applications that require weight reduction.
- a dissimilar material solid-phase joint of an aluminum pipe and a copper pipe and constructing a pipe structure with the right material in the right place it is possible to reduce the weight of pipes that have conventionally used copper pipes.
- a fragile intermetallic compound is formed at the joint interface, it is possible to set the joining pressure P applied during solid phase joining to a high value and lower the joining temperature. preferable.
- the solid phase joining structure of the present invention is a joining structure having a solid phase joining joint 10 .
- a pipe material joint in which one pipe material 12 and the other pipe material 14 are firmly joined via a solid phase joint interface 16 while suppressing a change in the pipe inner diameter at the joint, a solid phase joint structure high reliability.
- the solid-phase joint 10 suppresses the reduction or expansion of the inner diameter of the pipe at the joint, the change in resistance when gas or liquid flows through the pipe is small.
- the solid phase bonded structure of the present invention can be suitably used for various heat exchangers, piping, and the like.
- the solid phase joint structure of the present invention may be composed only of the pipe material joint of the present invention, or other members may be joined. Also, the method of joining the solid phase joint 10 and other members is not particularly limited, and a joining method other than solid phase joining such as brazing or welding may be used.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of the apparatus for solid phase bonding of the present invention.
- the solid phase bonding apparatus 20 forms a bonding interface 6 by bringing one workpiece 2 into contact with the other bonding material 4 , and applies a pressure P substantially perpendicularly to the bonding interface 6 .
- a pressure mechanism 22 energizes the other workpiece 4 (or one workpiece 2) from one workpiece 2 (or the other workpiece 4) through the interface 6 to be bonded, thereby 6, and one member to be joined 2 and/or the other member to be joined 4 with reduced plate thickness at the end is used, and the side opposite to the gradient where the plate thickness decreases and a closing margin control mechanism 26 for controlling the closing margin for discharging burrs.
- the direction in which the pressure P is applied is the axial direction of the pipe when the member to be joined is a pipe.
- the solid-phase welding apparatus 20 is a simple one having a pressure mechanism 22, an energization mechanism 24, and an approach margin control mechanism 26, and does not require the rotation mechanism of the friction welding apparatus or the linear sliding mechanism of the linear friction welding apparatus. .
- the structure can be simplified and the cost can be greatly reduced.
- the pressure mechanism 22 can control the pressure P in the range of 100 to 1000 MPa, and the temperature in the vicinity of the interface 6 to be joined can be raised to 100 to 1000° C. by the electricity supply mechanism 24 .
- Conventional resistance spot welders and seam welders can also energize and pressurize the area to be welded, but energization is a means for raising the temperature to a higher temperature for the purpose of melting the materials to be welded. In this case, the pressure remains at a value low enough to ensure the adhesion between the members to be joined.
- the solid phase bonding apparatus 20 has a function of automatically setting the pressure P to the flow stress of one of the materials to be bonded 2 and/or the other of the materials to be bonded 4 at the desired bonding temperature by setting the desired bonding temperature. is preferred.
- the flow stress depends on the strain rate, it is preferable to make the tensile rate of the high temperature tensile test as close as possible to the situation during welding.
- the temperature dependence of the flow stress is unique to each metal material.
- the solid phase bonding apparatus 20 By storing the flow stress at each temperature as a database in the solid phase bonding apparatus 20 for metal materials, for example, as shown in FIG. Given the type of metal material and the desired bonding temperature, the corresponding pressure can be determined. It is preferable that the solid phase bonding apparatus 20 record at least a database of various steel materials, copper, copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys.
- the approach margin control mechanism 26 may be any mechanism as long as it can control the set approach margin and the speed of the approach according to the state of burr formation.
- a mechanism comprising various conventionally known servo motors can be used. That is, the pressurizing mechanism 22 having the approach margin control mechanism 26 can be preferably used.
- Example ⁇ A medium carbon steel (JIS-S45C) pipe material was used as the material to be joined.
- the pipe material has an outer diameter of 10 mm, an inner diameter of 6 mm, and a length of 105 mm.
- the surfaces to be joined were machined with a lathe to obtain members to be joined having angles ⁇ of 15°, 30° and 45° shown in FIG.
- the pipe materials having the same end angle ⁇ were butted together as shown in the first step of FIG. 2, and joined as shown in the second step of FIG.
- the materials to be bonded are sandwiched from above and below by an electrode, a graphite plate, and a WC fixing portion with their end faces in contact with each other, and are covered with a graphite mold except for the vicinity of the interface to be bonded.
- Pressurization in the first step and energization in the second step are performed via upper and lower electrodes and the like.
- An insulator is arranged around the interface to be joined.
- the pressure applied in the first step was 250 MPa, and the current value used in the second step was 3000 A.
- the approach margins were set to 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm and 7 mm, and when the set values were reached, the energization was terminated and the load was removed to obtain a practical solid phase welded joint.
- Fig. 7 shows a photograph of the external appearance and a photograph of the cross-section of the solid-phase welded joint obtained with a shift margin of 5 to 7 mm when the angle ⁇ is 30°.
- the cross-sectional photograph of the joint shows only one side of the joint, with the cut plane including the center of the pipe. It can be seen that no large plastic deformation of the pipe material itself was observed, and that only the vicinity of the joint interface was deformed to form burrs. Moreover, since the burrs are guided to the outer peripheral side of the pipe, almost no effect of the burrs on the inner diameter of the pipe is recognized.
- the area of the joint interface indicated by the dotted line in the figure increases as the overlap length increases, and it can be seen that the desired joint strength can be obtained by controlling the overlap length.
- Fig. 8 shows a photograph of the external appearance of a comparative solid-phase welded joint obtained with a margin of 4 mm and a photograph of a cross section of the joint.
- the cross-sectional photograph of the joint shows only one side of the joint, with the cut plane including the center of the pipe.
- the pipe material has already expanded greatly toward the outer periphery and is plastically deformed even when the approach margin is small.
- the area of the joint interface indicated by the dotted line in the figure has hardly increased from the original area, and it is extremely difficult to form a good joint interface by bringing the new surfaces into contact with each other.
- FIG. 9 shows cross-sectional photographs of solid phase welded joints obtained at each angle ⁇ when the approach margin is 6 mm.
- the cut surface is positioned 3 mm from the outermost periphery of the pipe toward the center, and FIG. 9 shows the joint surfaces on both sides.
- the angle ⁇ is 15°
- burrs slightly enter the inside of the pipe, but when the angle ⁇ is 30°, the formation of burrs on the inside of the pipe is almost completely suppressed.
- the angle .theta. is increased to 45.degree., the abutment portion forming the interface to be joined becomes too sharp, and a deviation is observed in the joint surface.
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Abstract
Description
一方の被接合材と他方の被接合材との端部同士を当接させて被接合界面を形成する第一工程と、
外部加熱手段によって前記被接合界面近傍を昇温する第二工程と、
前記被接合界面を塑性変形させることでバリを排出し、固相接合界面を形成する第三工程と、を有し、
前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材の前記端部の板厚を減少させ、
前記バリの排出を抑制する側に前記板厚が減少する勾配を有していること、
を特徴とする固相接合方法、を提供する。
一方の被接合材の端部を他方の被接合材の端部に当接させて被接合界面を形成し、前記被接合界面に対して略垂直方向に圧力を印加する加圧機構と、
前記一方の被接合材から前記被接合界面を介して前記他方の被接合材に通電し、前記被接合界面近傍を昇温する通電機構と、を有する固相接合装置であって、
前記端部の板厚を減少させた勾配を有する前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材を用い、
前記勾配の反対側にバリを排出するための寄り代を制御する寄り代制御機構を有すること、
を特徴とする固相接合装置、も提供する。
本発明の固相接合方法は、被接合界面を形成すると共に接合に必要な圧力を印加する第一工程と、被接合界面を昇温する第二工程と、を有している。以下、各工程について詳述する。
第一工程では、被接合界面を形成すると共に接合に必要な圧力を印加して、接合温度を決定する。被接合材を溶融させる溶融溶接では、被接合材に印加する圧力は被接合材同士を密着させることを目的としており、当該圧力は接合温度に影響しない。これに対し、被接合界面近傍が溶けることなく固相で接合する場合、圧力によって接合温度を正確に決定することができる。
第二工程は、被接合界面6に対して略垂直に圧力Pを印加した状態で、外部加熱手段によって被接合界面6の近傍を接合温度に昇温する工程である。
本発明の固相接合方法においては、圧力P及び接合温度以外の接合パラメータ(接合時間及び依り代等)も設定する必要があるが、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいてこれらの値は制限されず、被接合材の材質、形状及びサイズ等によって適宜設定すればよい。
本発明の固相接合継手の概略断面図を図5に示す。本発明の固相接合継手10は、一方のパイプ材12と他方のパイプ材14が固相接合界面16を介して一体となった固相接合部を有し、固相接合部におけるパイプの内径の変化率が20%以内となっている。
本発明の固相接合構造体は、固相接合継手10を有する接合構造体である。接合部におけるパイプ内径の変化が抑制されると共に固相接合界面16を介して一方のパイプ材12と他方のパイプ材14が強固に接合されたパイプ材継手を有することで、固相接合構造体に高い信頼性を付与することができる。
図6は本発明の固相接合装置の一態様を示す模式図である。固相接合装置20は、一方の被接合材2を他方の被接合材4に当接させて被接合界面6を形成し、被接合界面6に対して略垂直方向に圧力Pを印加する加圧機構22と、一方の被接合材2(又は他方の被接合材4)から被接合界面6を介して他方の被接合材4(又は一方の被接合材2)に通電し、被接合界面6の近傍を昇温する通電機構24と、端部の板厚を減少させた一方の被接合材2及び/又は他方の被接合材4を用いい、板厚が減少する勾配とは反対側にバリを排出するための寄り代を制御する寄り代制御機構26と、を有している。なお、圧力Pを印加する方向(被接合界面6に対して略垂直方向)とは、被接合材がパイプ材の場合、当該パイプ材の軸方向となる。
被接合材として中炭素鋼(JIS-S45C)のパイプ材を用いた。当該パイプ材の外径は10mm、内径は6mm、長さは105mmである。被接合面は旋盤で加工し、図2に示す角度θが15°、30°及び45°となる被接合材を得た。
端部の板厚を減少させなかった(端部の角度θを0°とした)こと以外は実施例と同様にして、比較固相接合継手を得た。
4・・・他方の被接合材、
6・・・被接合界面、
10・・・固相接合継手、
12・・・一方のパイプ材、
14・・・他方のパイプ材、
16・・・固相接合界面、
20・・・固相接合装置、
22・・・加圧機構、
24・・・通電機構、
26・・・寄り代制御機構。
Claims (11)
- 一方の被接合材と他方の被接合材との端部同士を当接させて被接合界面を形成する第一工程と、
外部加熱手段によって前記被接合界面近傍を昇温する第二工程と、
前記被接合界面を塑性変形させることでバリを排出し、固相接合界面を形成する第三工程と、を有し、
前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材の前記端部の板厚を減少させ、
前記バリの排出を抑制する側に前記板厚が減少する勾配を有していること、
を特徴とする固相接合方法。 - 前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材をパイプ材とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の固相接合方法。 - 前記外部加熱手段に通電加熱を用いること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の固相接合方法。 - 前記勾配が20~40°であること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の固相接合方法。 - 前記圧力を、所望の接合温度における前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材の降伏強度以上とすること、
を特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の固相接合方法。 - 一方のパイプ材と他方のパイプ材が固相接合界面を介して一体となった固相接合部を有し、
前記固相接合部におけるパイプ内径の変化率が20%以内であること、
を特徴とする固相接合継手。 - 前記一方のパイプ材及び/又は前記他方のパイプ材が鋼管であること、
を特徴とする請求項6に記載の固相接合継手。 - 前記一方のパイプ材及び/又は前記他方のパイプ材が銅管であること、
を特徴とする請求項6に記載の固相接合継手。 - 前記一方のパイプ材及び/又は前記他方のパイプ材がアルミニウム管であること、
を特徴とする請求項6に記載の固相接合継手。 - 請求項6~9のうちのいずれかに記載のパイプ材継手を有すること、
を特徴とする固相接合構造体。 - 一方の被接合材の端部を他方の被接合材の端部に当接させて被接合界面を形成し、前記被接合界面に対して略垂直方向に圧力を印加する加圧機構と、
前記一方の被接合材から前記被接合界面を介して前記他方の被接合材に通電し、前記被接合界面近傍を昇温する通電機構と、を有する固相接合装置であって、
前記端部の板厚を減少させた勾配を有する前記一方の被接合材及び/又は前記他方の被接合材を用い、
前記勾配の反対側にバリを排出するための寄り代を制御する寄り代制御機構を有すること、
を特徴とする固相接合装置。
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5577988A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-06-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Friction pressure welding method of copper pipe and aluminum pipe |
JPS59125279A (ja) * | 1983-01-07 | 1984-07-19 | Toshiba Corp | トランジエント継手の製造方法 |
JPH07178571A (ja) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Railway Technical Res Inst | 大径鋼管用圧接装置 |
JP2005271016A (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-10-06 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | 鋼管とアルミニウム合金中空部材の摩擦圧接方法 |
JP2015080789A (ja) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-27 | ブリヂストンフローテック株式会社 | 管体接合構造 |
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- 2022-07-26 WO PCT/JP2022/028765 patent/WO2023021945A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-07-26 JP JP2023542294A patent/JPWO2023021945A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5577988A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-06-12 | Hitachi Ltd | Friction pressure welding method of copper pipe and aluminum pipe |
JPS59125279A (ja) * | 1983-01-07 | 1984-07-19 | Toshiba Corp | トランジエント継手の製造方法 |
JPH07178571A (ja) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-07-18 | Railway Technical Res Inst | 大径鋼管用圧接装置 |
JP2005271016A (ja) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-10-06 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | 鋼管とアルミニウム合金中空部材の摩擦圧接方法 |
JP2015080789A (ja) * | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-27 | ブリヂストンフローテック株式会社 | 管体接合構造 |
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