WO2023011643A1 - 充电座及汽车 - Google Patents

充电座及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023011643A1
WO2023011643A1 PCT/CN2022/110621 CN2022110621W WO2023011643A1 WO 2023011643 A1 WO2023011643 A1 WO 2023011643A1 CN 2022110621 W CN2022110621 W CN 2022110621W WO 2023011643 A1 WO2023011643 A1 WO 2023011643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging stand
cable
current connector
stand according
electrical connection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/110621
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王超
Original Assignee
长春捷翼汽车零部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长春捷翼汽车零部件有限公司 filed Critical 长春捷翼汽车零部件有限公司
Priority to EP22852354.4A priority Critical patent/EP4383479A1/en
Publication of WO2023011643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023011643A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/30—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a screw or nut clamping member
    • H01R4/34—Conductive members located under head of screw
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/73—Means for mounting coupling parts to apparatus or structures, e.g. to a wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/40—Securing contact members in or to a base or case; Insulating of contact members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/502—Bases; Cases composed of different pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R9/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, e.g. terminal strips or terminal blocks; Terminals or binding posts mounted upon a base or in a case; Bases therefor
    • H01R9/22—Bases, e.g. strip, block, panel
    • H01R9/24—Terminal blocks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of connection of electrical connection elements, in particular to a charging stand and an automobile.
  • the new energy battery of the new energy vehicle uses a charging system to supplement energy.
  • the charging stand in the charging system includes a device fixed to the vehicle body, a cable and an electrical connection device.
  • the device fixed to the vehicle body has a rear cover, and the device fixed to the vehicle body is installed on the car.
  • the connection device is fixed on the device fixed with the vehicle body, the rear cover is fixed on the device fixed with the vehicle body, and the cable runs through the rear cover.
  • the electrical connection device and the cable are usually crimped or welded, it is necessary to cut off the damaged electrical connection device; and since there is no repair margin in the cable length setting, the cable may need to be replaced, and the entire wire needs to be cut off.
  • the charging stand needs to be repaired only after all the cables and adhesive tapes have been removed. The man-hours are very long, and there are many parts that need to be disassembled. Most of the time, the charging stand will be replaced entirely, and the maintenance cost is very high.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a charging stand and a car, so as to alleviate the technical problem of cumbersome maintenance work when the electrical connection device of the charging stand is damaged.
  • the invention provides a charging stand, comprising:
  • a detachable mechanism detachably fixes the current connector, part of the cables and the electrical connection device to the device fixed to the vehicle body.
  • the present invention provides an automobile, including the above-mentioned charging stand.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charging stand provided by the present invention
  • FIGS 2-4 are exploded views of the charging stand shown in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the DC connector in the charging stand provided by the present invention and the screws matched with it;
  • 6-8 are structural schematic diagrams of the device fixed to the vehicle body in the charging stand provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a charging stand, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3, the charging stand includes: a device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, a current connector 30, an electrical connection device 22, a cable 21 and a detachable mechanism 40, and
  • the body fixing device 10 is provided with a mounting hole 11; the current connector 30 is partially disposed in the mounting hole 11; the electrical connection device 22 is disposed in the current connector 30; the cable 21 is partially disposed in the current connector 30; detachable
  • the mechanism 40 detachably fixes the current connector 30 , part of the cables 21 and the electrical connection device 22 to the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body.
  • the electrical connection device 22 is the position where the charging device is often plugged and unplugged, and it is also the main part that conducts the charging current. , damage to the coating, or even the ignition and melting of the electrical connection device 22 due to excessive current, will cause the electrical connection device 22 to fail to perform its function. In addition, the electrical connection device 22 will be exposed to the external environment and will be affected by water or water in the environment. The corrosion of salt will also cause the electrical performance of the electrical connection device 22 to fail to meet the requirements.
  • the electrical connection device 22 is the most easily damaged part, but in most charging stands at present, the electric connection device 22 is fixedly installed on the charging stand body, and is welded with the cable 21 When the electrical connection device 22 is damaged, it is necessary to remove and replace the electrical connection device 22, the fixed part and the cable 21 from the charging stand. High maintenance cost is one of the main problems currently restricting the development of rechargeable vehicles.
  • the charging stand provided by the present invention, when the electrical connecting device 22 is damaged, it is only necessary to remove the rear cover of the charging stand, remove the electrical connecting device 22 and the cable 21 from the charging stand, replace the electrical connecting device 22 and then install it. , it is not necessary to dismantle the entire charging stand, and it is not necessary to replace the cable 21, which solves the technical problem of cumbersome maintenance work when the electrical connection device 22 of the charging stand is damaged.
  • the current connector 30 is arranged on the rear end 102 of the device 10 fixed with the vehicle body, the electrical connection device 22 is arranged at the front end 101 of the device 10 fixed with the vehicle body, and the electrical connection device 22 and the current connector 30 connections.
  • the electrical connection means 22 may be terminals.
  • the current connector 30 may be a DC connector or an AC connector; the charging stand may include a DC connector and/or an AC connector.
  • the current connector 30 includes a connection hole 311 through which the detachable mechanism 40 passes.
  • the connection hole 311 may be a circular through hole, or a U-shaped slot provided on the current connector 30 .
  • the detachable mechanism 40 passes through the connection hole 311 and can fix the current connector 30 on the charging stand, so as to avoid the function failure of the charging stand due to the movement of the current connector 30 .
  • the current connector 30 is provided with a mounting part, and the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body is provided with a mounting hole 11 , and the mounting part is inserted into the mounting hole 11 and detachably connected.
  • the current connector 30 is assembled with the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, if there is no corresponding positioning mechanism, it will cause the assembly operator to spend a long time assembling the current connector 30 and the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body to the installation position, and When using the detachable mechanism 40 to fix the current connector 30 to the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, there may also be a relative positional shift, resulting in assembly failure.
  • the mounting part of the current connector 30 and the body of the current connector 30 form a stepped shape, the mounting part is inserted into the mounting hole 11 and detachably connected to realize the current connector 30 It is coordinated with the device 10 fixed with the vehicle body to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the two.
  • the detachable mechanism 40 includes a screw 61
  • the electrical connection device 22 is provided with a fixing part
  • the end surface of the fixing part is provided with a threaded hole
  • one end of the cable 21 is provided with a through hole
  • the diameter of the through hole is larger than that of the screw. 61 and smaller than the outer diameter of the connection hole 311 of the electrical connection device 22, the screw 61 is passed through the through hole and the connection hole 311 or the U-shaped groove and screwed with the threaded hole to connect the electrical connection device 22, the cable 21
  • One end and the current connector 30 are fixed on the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body.
  • the electrical connection device 22 is connected to one end of the cable 21 by screw connection, and the screw 61 can be directly removed when the electrical connection device 22 is damaged, and the electrical connection device 22 can be replaced.
  • the end surface of the threaded hole of the electrical connection device 22 is electrically connected to the side surface of the cable 21 .
  • the electrical connection device 22 In order to realize the conduction of the charging current of the charging stand, the electrical connection device 22 must be fully electrically connected to the cable 21. Therefore, it is necessary for the electrical connection device 22 to have a sufficient area of contact with the cable 21, and the contact resistance of the connection As much as possible smaller than the conductor resistance of the cable 21 itself.
  • the outer diameter of the fixing portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting hole 311 . Since the electrical connection device 22 and the cable 21 are respectively located on both sides of the current connector 30, if the outer diameter of the fixing part is greater than or equal to the inner diameter of the connection hole 311, the electrical connection device 22 cannot pass through the connection hole 311 and is connected to the wire. Even if the cable 21 is electrically connected, the basic charging function of the charging stand cannot be realized. Therefore, only when the outer diameter of the fixing portion is smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting hole 311 can the electrical connecting device 22 pass through the connecting hole 311 of the current connector 30 and be electrically connected to the cable 21 .
  • the current connector 30 includes a connection hole 311 through which the detachable mechanism 40 passes.
  • the electrical connection device 22 is accommodated in the connection hole 311 .
  • the current connector 30 is arranged on the rear end 102 of the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, the electrical connection device 22 is arranged on the front end 101 of the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, and the electrical connection device 22 is installed in the connection hole 311 to realize electrical connection.
  • the device 22, the current connector 30 and the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body are locked together.
  • the torque range of screwing the screw 61 to the threaded hole is 0.1N ⁇ m-30N ⁇ m.
  • the test method of the contact resistance between the electrical connection device 22 and the cable 21 is to use a micro-resistance measuring instrument.
  • One end of the measuring end of the micro-resistance measuring instrument is placed on the cable 21, and the other end is placed on the electrical connection device 22, and each measurement is placed The same position, and then read the contact resistance reading on the micro-resistance meter.
  • a contact resistance greater than 1 m ⁇ is unqualified.
  • the vibration test is to place the connected sample on the vibration test bench. After 300 vibration cycles, each cycle requires vibration in 6 directions, the frequency is 100Hz, and the acceleration in one direction is 40m/s 2 , and then the electrical connection is observed. Whether the device 22 and the cable 21 are loose. In this embodiment, it is disqualified that the electrical connection device 22 is loose from the cable 21 or is damaged during installation.
  • the inventor set the minimum value of the torque range for screwing the screw 61 to the threaded hole to be 0.1 N ⁇ m.
  • the torque value of the screw 61 and the threaded hole is greater than 30Nm, due to the excessive torque, the torque applied to the cable 21, the current connector 30 and the electrical connection device 22 is too large, causing the plastic material of the current connector 30 to be subjected to relatively high pressure. Large pressure damage, so that the basic functions of the charging stand cannot be realized. Therefore, the inventor determined the torque range for screwing the screw 61 to the threaded hole to be 0.1N ⁇ m-30N ⁇ m.
  • the number of screws 61 is preferably 2-36.
  • the current connector 30 can be a DC connector or an AC connector, whether it is a DC connector or an AC connector, it contains two main charging cables 21 and corresponding two electrical connection devices 22, mainly
  • the wire diameter of the charging cable 21 is 60mm 2 -260mm 2
  • the other lines are low-voltage control cables
  • the current is small
  • the wire diameter range of the cable 21 is also small.
  • the electrical connection device 22 that conducts the charging current is much more likely to be damaged than the electrical connection device 22 on the low-voltage control cable with a small conduction current.
  • the two electrical connection devices 22 are set as detachable mechanisms with screw structures, which can save costs and facilitate the maintenance of the charging stand.
  • the charging base includes a DC connector and an AC connector
  • the current connector 30 is provided with a cable groove 32, and the cable 21 passes through the cable groove 32, and the cable groove 32 is configured to prevent the cable 21 from moving in a direction from the front end 101 to the rear end 102.
  • the purpose of setting the cable groove 32 is to quickly install the cable 21 so that the cable can be inserted through the cable groove 32, and the through hole at one end of the cable 21 can also be quickly aligned with the connecting hole 311 to facilitate the screw 61 penetration.
  • the second is that the cable groove 32 positions the front and rear positions of the cable 21, so as to facilitate the connection of the cable 21 and the current connector 30, so as to prevent the cable 21 from breaking away from the current connector 30 during installation.
  • the cable slot 32 is provided with an outlet 321, and the cable 21 is passed through the cable slot 32 through the outlet 321, so as to facilitate the insertion and insertion of the assembly line from the current connector 30 to the device fixed to the vehicle body.
  • Cable 21, and the installation position of cable 21 can be sealed to ensure the waterproof performance of the charging stand, which is more convenient to operate and improves the assembly efficiency.
  • the wire outlet 321 can define the wire outlet position and the wire outlet direction of the cable 21 .
  • the wire outlet 321 is disposed toward the side of the current connector 30 .
  • the cable outlet 321 is arranged along the up-down direction. As shown in FIG. 5 , the cable 21 goes out along the up-down direction, and the cable 21 can be bent.
  • the wire outlet 321 is arranged along the horizontal direction, and the cable 21 goes out along the horizontal direction, and the cable 21 can be bent, and the screw 61 can be prevented from being blocked by the cable 21 .
  • the cable groove 32 is provided with at least two groups of outlets 321, one of which is arranged in the vertical direction, and the other is arranged in the horizontal direction. When in use, one of the groups can be selected to arrange the cables 21, which is convenient for cables 21
  • the outlet direction is suitable for the installation environment.
  • the direction of the wire outlet 321 is at a certain angle to the side direction of the current connector 30 .
  • the outgoing direction of the cable 21 of the charging stand is not necessarily at the rear or side of the charging stand, and may also be at a certain angle with the axial direction of the charging stand, and the outlet 321 of the current connector 30 faces
  • the direction can be directly set to the direction that the cable 21 requires to go out in the installation environment, avoiding bending the cable 21 again, and can also be installed directly during installation, avoiding the problem that the cable cannot be bent and installed due to its high hardness Condition.
  • the detachable mechanism 40 includes a slot 52 disposed on the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, and a snap-in piece 51 provided on the current connector 30 , the snap-in piece 51 Clamped in the slot 52 to fix the current connector 30 to the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, the operation is more convenient, and it is convenient to realize automatic production and mass production; the clamping piece 51 and the slot 52 can realize the connection between the current connector 30 and the vehicle body
  • the pre-fixation of the fixed device 10 facilitates subsequent fastening operations.
  • the notch of the slot 52 faces sideways, and the snap-in piece 51 moves along the direction that the rear end 102 points to the front end 101 of the current connector 30 until it is snapped into the slot 52 .
  • the snap-in piece 51 is disposed on the side of the current connector 30 , and the position of the slot 52 corresponds to the snap-in piece 51 , so that the snap-in piece 51 and the slot 52 are conveniently matched.
  • the detachable mechanism 40 includes a spring and a hook disposed on the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, and a groove disposed on the current connector 30, and the current connector 30 is pressed to connect or disengage the groove from the hook, The spring disengages the power connector 30 from the body-fixed device 10 .
  • the mounting hole 11 includes a limiting portion 111 that fits with the end of the electrical connecting device 22 , and the inner diameter of the limiting portion 111 is smaller than the outer diameter of the end of the electrical connecting device 22 to prevent the electrical connecting device 22 from Moving toward the rear end 102, the electrical connection device 22 is positioned. If there is no limit portion 111, then when the electrical connection device 22, the current connector 30 and the cable 21 are assembled, the electrical connection device 22 will pass through the installation hole 11 and be connected with the current connector 30 and the cable 21 as a whole, without Can be fixed on the device 10 that is fixed with vehicle body, thereby causes whole charging stand structure and can't realize assembly.
  • a retaining ring is disposed in the installation hole 11 , and the retaining ring is configured to prevent the electrical connection device 22 from moving in a direction from the rear end 102 to the front end 101 .
  • the back and forth movement position of the electrical connection device 22 is limited by the gear ring, so as to ensure smooth plugging and unplugging of the electrical connection device 22 .
  • the charging stand includes a plurality of electrical connection devices 22 .
  • the plurality of electrical connection devices 22 can realize charging functions, grounding functions, low-voltage control functions, etc. respectively.
  • the charging stand may include a plurality of detachable mechanisms 40 , and the detachable mechanisms 40 correspond to the electrical connection devices 22 one by one.
  • the plurality of detachable mechanisms 40 Through the plurality of detachable mechanisms 40, a plurality of corresponding electrical connection devices 22 can be respectively installed on the device 10 fixed to the vehicle body, so as to realize the electrical connection between the plurality of electrical connection devices 22 and the charging device.
  • the number of electrical connection devices 22 is preferably 2-36.
  • the electrical connection devices 22 can be simplified to only two charging cables for charging, and other circuits can be integrated into the charging device or the battery.
  • Corresponding electrical connection means 22 in the 36 loops of DC connectors and AC connectors may also be included. Meanwhile, the number of electrical connection devices 22 may be the same as the number of screws 61 .
  • the cable 21 is made of copper or copper alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy. Due to the high voltage and high current of electric vehicle cables, large-diameter wires are required for current conduction. Copper conductor materials have good electrical conductivity and good ductility, so they are the best choice for cable conductor materials. However, as the price of copper increases day by day, the material cost of using copper as a wire will become higher and higher. For this reason, people begin to look for the substitute of metallic copper to reduce cost. The content of metal aluminum in the earth's crust is about 7.73%. After the refining technology is optimized, the price is relatively low. Compared with copper, aluminum is lighter in weight and its conductivity is second only to copper. Aluminum can replace part of copper in the field of electrical connections. Therefore, it is a development trend to replace copper with aluminum in the field of automotive electrical connections.
  • the device 10 and the current connector 30 fixed to the vehicle body are made of plastic.
  • the plastic material is selected.
  • the production method of injection molding can be used to obtain the device 10 fixed to the body and the current connector 30 with complex shapes and consistent product performance.
  • the high insulation of the plastic material can also ensure that the charging stand is in use. insulation properties.
  • the current connector 30 is provided with a temperature sensor and a control board, the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control board through a data line, and the temperature sensor transmits a temperature signal to the control board to monitor the temperature of the current connector 30 , to avoid damage caused by excessive temperature.
  • the temperature sensor can be directly connected to the electrical connection device 22 and obtain the temperature value of the electrical connection device 22 in real time, and transmit it to the control board. Through the adjustment of the charging current by the control board, the temperature value of the electrical connection device 22 is controlled to make the electrical connection The measurement accuracy of the temperature of the device 22 is close to or equal to the theoretical absolute value, and has extremely high detection accuracy and fast output capability.
  • control board is a circuit board, and the circuit board has a built-in control logic circuit.
  • control logic circuit When the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature, the control board sends a warning message to realize real-time monitoring of the temperature; when the temperature When the detected temperature of the sensor exceeds a certain value than the set temperature, the control board current connector 30 is automatically disconnected to avoid danger caused by excessive temperature.
  • the temperature sensor may be an NTC temperature sensor or a PTC temperature sensor.
  • the advantage of using these two temperature sensors is that they are small in size and can measure gaps that cannot be measured by other thermometers; they are easy to use, and the resistance value can be arbitrarily selected from 0.1 to 100k ⁇ ; they are easy to process into complex shapes, can be mass-produced, and have good stability. , Strong overload capacity, suitable for conversion joints, which require small size and stable performance.
  • the charging stand can be applied to new energy vehicles.
  • the invention also discloses a car, which includes the above-mentioned charging stand. Not only the manufacturing process is simple, the processing is convenient, and the processing time of the charging stand is greatly reduced; and during the use of the car, if the charging stand is only damaged by the electrical connection device, there is no need to dismantle the entire charging stand and scrap cables, only need to remove Part of the structure of the charging seat can replace the damaged electrical connection device.
  • the maintenance process is simple and easy to operate, the consumption of man-hours is short, and the maintenance cost is low, which greatly reduces the cost and maintenance cost of the automobile disclosed in the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种充电座及汽车，该充电座包括：与车身固定的装置，其上设置有安装孔；电流连接器，其部分设置于所述安装孔中；电连接装置，其设置在所述电流连接器中；线缆，其部分设置于所述电流连接器中；可拆卸机构，将所述电流连接器、部分所述线缆与所述电连接装置可拆卸地固定于所述与车身固定的装置。通过本发明，缓解了充电座的电连接装置发生损坏时，维修作业比较繁琐的技术问题。

Description

充电座及汽车
相关申请
本申请要求专利申请号为202110904487.6、申请日为2021年08月06日、发明名称为“充电座及汽车”的中国发明专利的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及电气连接元件的连接领域，尤其是一种充电座及汽车。
背景技术
新能源汽车的新能源电池，使用充电系统来补充能量。充电系统中的充电座包括与车身固定的装置、线缆和电连接装置，与车身固定的装置具有后盖，与车身固定的装置安装在汽车上，电连接装置连接线缆，固定卡子将电连接装置固定于与车身固定的装置，后盖固定在与车身固定的装置上，线缆贯穿后盖。
由于插拔次数过多，或者由于电路短路，充电座的部分电连接装置会发生损坏。维修更换电连接装置时，需要将充电座所有的线缆从车身上先拆卸下来，然后将充电座的后盖拆开，将固定卡子拆开，将连接线缆的电连接装置取出。
由于电连接装置与线缆一般采用压接或焊接的方式，因此需要将损坏的电连接装置剪掉；又由于线缆长度设定没有修理余量，可能还需要更换线缆，需要将整个线缆的外装、胶带全部拆除，才能对充电座进行维修，工时很长，需要拆卸的零部件较多，更多的时候会选择全部更换充电座，维修成本很高。
因此，电气连接元件的连接领域，急需一种不需要拆除整个充电座进行维修，只需要拆除部分结构，并且只更换损坏的电连接装置即可，维修工艺简单易操作，消耗工时短，维修成本低的充电座。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种充电座及汽车，以缓解充电座的电连接装置发生损坏时，维修作业比较繁琐的技术问题。
本发明的上述目的可采用下列技术方案来实现：
本发明提供一种充电座，包括：
与车身固定的装置，其上设置有安装孔；
电流连接器，其部分设置于所述安装孔中；
电连接装置，其设置在所述电流连接器中；
线缆，其部分设置于所述电流连接器中；
可拆卸机构，将所述电流连接器、部分所述线缆与所述电连接装置可拆卸地固定于所述与车身固定的装置。
本发明提供一种汽车，包括如上述的充电座。
本发明的特点及优点是：
该充电座中，在电连接装置损坏时，只需要拆除充电座后盖，将电连接装置和线缆从充电座上拆下，更换电连接装置后再安装上即可，不需要拆除整个充电座，也不需要更换线缆，解决了充电座的电连接装置发生损坏时，维修作业比较繁琐的技术问题。
附图说明
以下附图仅旨在于对本发明做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本发明的范围。其中：
图1为本发明提供的充电座的结构示意图；
图2-图4为图1所示的充电座的爆炸图；
图5为本发明提供的充电座中的DC连接器及与其配合的螺钉的结构示意图；
图6-图8为本发明提供的充电座中的与车身固定的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
实施例一
本发明提供了一种充电座，如图1和图3所示，该充电座包括：与车身固定的装置10、电流连接器30、电连接装置22、线缆21和可拆卸机构40，与车身固定的装置10上设置有安装孔11；电流连接器30部分设置于安装孔11中；电连接装置22设置在电流连接器30中；线缆21部分设置于电流连接器30中；可拆卸机构40将电流连接器30、部分线缆21与电连接装置22可拆卸地固定于与车身固定的装置10。
该充电座中，电连接装置22是与充电装置经常进行插拔的位置，也是导通充电电流的主要零件，在长期使用过程中，不仅是频繁的插拔操作，造成电连接装置22的变形、镀层损坏，甚至是由于电流过高导致的电连接装置22打火熔化，都会导致电连接装置22无法实现其功能，另外还有电连接装置22暴露在外界环境中，会受到环境中水或盐的腐蚀，也会造成电连接装置22的电学性能达不到要求。因此在整个充电座中，电连接装置22是最容易损坏的零件，但是目前大多数的充电座，电连接装置22都是固定安装在充电座体上的，并且与线缆21都是焊接连接，当电连接装置22损坏时，就需要将电连接装置22、固定部分及线缆21全部从充电座上拆除并更换，严重时整个充电座都需要进行更换，维修作业繁琐，维修工时长、维修成本高，是目前制约充电汽车发展的主要问题之一。
本发明提供的充电座，在电连接装置22损坏时，只需要拆除充电座后盖，将电连接装置22和线缆21从充电座上拆下，更换电连接装置22后再安装上即可，不需要拆除整个充电座，也不需要更换线缆21，解决了充电座的电连接装置22发生损坏时，维修作业比较繁琐的技术问题。
如图1和图2所示，电流连接器30设置于与车身固定的装置10的后端102，电连接装置22设置于与车身固定的装置10的前端101，电连接装置22与电流连接器30连接。电连接装置22可以为端子。电流连接器30可以为DC连接器或AC连接器；该充电座可以包括DC连接器和/或AC连接器。
在一实施方式中，如图3或图5所示，电流连接器30包括连接孔311，可拆卸机构40穿过连接孔311。连接孔311可以是圆形通孔，也可以是设置在电流连接器30上的U型开槽。可拆卸机构40穿过连接孔311，可以将电流连接器30固定在充电座上，避免由于电流连接器30的移动导致充电座的功能失效。
在一实施方式中，电流连接器30设有安装部，与车身固定的装置10设有安装孔11，安装部插入安装孔11中并可拆卸地连接。电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10装配时，如果没有对应的定位机构，会导致组装操作人员花费较长的时间将电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10装配到安装位置上，并且在使用可拆卸机构40将电流连接器30固定到与车身固定的装置10，还有可能发生相对位置移动，导致装配失败。
如图1、图4和图7所示，将电流连接器30的安装部与电流连接器30的本体形成阶梯状，安装部插入安装孔11中并可拆卸地连接，以实现电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10定位配合，便于两者的拆装。
在一实施方式中，可拆卸机构40包括螺钉61，电连接装置22设有固定部，固定部的端面上设置有螺纹孔，线缆21的一端上设有通孔，通孔的孔径大于螺钉61的外径且小于电连接装置22的连接孔311的外径，螺钉61穿设于通孔和连接孔311或U型槽且与螺纹孔螺接，以将电连接装置22、线缆21的一端和电流连接器30固定于与车身固定的装置10上。采用螺接连接电连接装置22和线缆21的一端，在电连接装置22损坏时可以直接将螺钉61拆除，将电连接装置22更换。
进一步地，电连接装置22的螺纹孔端面与线缆21的侧面电性连接。为了实现充电座的充电电流导通，电连接装置22要与线缆21做到充分的电性连接，因此，需要电连接装置22与线缆21有足够面积的接触，并且连接处的接触电阻尽可能的小于线缆21本身的导体电阻。
进一步地，固定部的外径小于连接孔311的内径。由于电连接装置22和线缆21分别位于电流连接器30的两侧，如果固定部的外径大于或等于连接孔311的内径，则电连接装置22就无法穿过连接孔311，并与线缆21进行电性连接，充电座的基本充电功能也无法实现。因此，只有固定部的外径小于连接孔311的内径，才能使电连接装置22穿过电流连接器30的连接孔311，并与线缆21进行电性连接。
如图3和图5所示，电流连接器30包括连接孔311，可拆卸机构40穿过连接孔311。电连接装置22容置于连接孔311。电流连接器30设置于与车身固定的装置10的后端102，电连接装置22设置于与车身固定的装置10的前端101，将电连接装置22安装于连接孔311中，可以实现将电连接装置22、电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10锁定到一起。
进一步地，螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩范围为0.1N·m-30N·m。
为了验证螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩范围，对电连接装置22与线缆21电性连接性能的影响，发明人选用相同的电连接装置22、电流连接器30、螺钉61与线缆21，采用不同的扭矩将其拧紧到一起，分别测试电连接装置22与线缆21的接触电阻和经过振动试验的电连接装置22与线缆21的连接情况。试验结果如表1所示。
电连接装置22与线缆21的接触电阻的测试方法是使用微电阻测量仪，将微电阻测量仪的测量端一端放置在线缆21上，一端放置在电连接装置22上，每次测量放置的位置相同，然后读取微电阻测量仪上的接触电阻读数。在本实施例中，接触电阻大于1mΩ为不合格。
振动试验是将连接后的样件放置在振动试验台上，经过300个振动循环，每个循环 都需要6个方向的振动，频率为100Hz，单方向加速度为40m/s 2，然后观察电连接装置22与线缆21是否有松脱现象。在本实施例中，电连接装置22与线缆21松脱或安装时损坏为不合格。
表1，不同的扭矩对接触电阻和连接情况的影响：
Figure PCTCN2022110621-appb-000001
从上表1中可以看出，当螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩值小于0.1N·m时，电连接装置22与线缆21的接触电阻值为不合格，并且，电连接装置22与线缆21经过振动试验后松脱，因此，发明人将螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩范围最小值定为0.1N·m。当螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩值大于30Nm时，由于扭矩过大，施加于线缆21、电流连接器30和电连接装置22的扭力太大，导致塑料材质的电流连接器30受到较大的压力损坏，从而无法实现充电座的基本功能。因此，发明人将螺钉61与螺纹孔螺接的扭矩范围确定为为0.1N·m-30N·m。
在一实施方式中，螺钉61的数量优选为2-36个。在充电座中，电流连接器30可以为DC连接器或AC连接器，不管是DC连接器或AC连接器，都含有两个主充电线缆21和对应的两个电连接装置22，主要起到导通较大的充电电流，一般情况下，充电线缆21的线径为60mm 2-260mm 2，其他线路均为低压控制线缆，电流较小，线缆21的线径范围也较小。在充电座的使用过程中，起到导通充电电流的电连接装置22，损坏的几率远远大于导通电流小的低压控制线缆上的电连接装置22，因此只需要将起到充电电流的两个电连接装置22设置成为螺钉结构的可拆卸机构，可以更大的节约成本，方便充电座的维修。优选地，当充电座包含DC连接器和AC连接器时，电连接装置22一共可以有36个，可以全部将电连接装置22设置成为螺钉结构的可拆卸机构，不管充电座的哪个回路出现损坏，都可以进行快速的更换，节省维修时间，降低维修成本。
在一实施方式中，电流连接器30设有线缆槽32，线缆21穿设于线缆槽32中，线缆槽32被构造成阻止线缆21沿前端101指向后端102的方向运动，设置线缆槽32的目的，一个是能够快速安装线缆21，使线缆的线缆槽32中穿设，线缆21一端的通孔也能快速的和连接孔311对齐，方便螺钉61的穿入。二是线缆槽32对线缆21的前后位 置进行定位，以方便将线缆21和电流连接器30连接到一起，避免线缆21在安装过程中与电流连接器30脱离。
如图3和图5所示，线缆槽32设有出线口321，线缆21经出线口321穿设于线缆槽32，以方便从电流连接器30与车身固定的装置抽插装配线缆21，并且可以对线缆21安装位置进行密封，保证充电座的防水性，更方便操作，提高了装配效率。
出线口321可以对线缆21的出线位置和出线方向进行限定。在一实施方式中，出线口321朝向电流连接器30侧方方向设置。出线口321沿上下方向设置，如图5所示，线缆21沿上下方向出线，并且线缆21可以进行弯折。在一实施方式中，出线口321沿水平方向设置，线缆21沿水平方向出线，并且线缆21可以进行弯折，并且可以避免线缆21遮挡螺钉61。进一步地，线缆槽32设有朝向至少两组出线口321，其中一组沿上下方向设置，另一组沿水平方向设置，使用时，可以选择其中一组来布置线缆21，便于线缆21出线方向与安装环境相适配。
在一实施方式中，出线口321朝向方向与电流连接器30侧方方向呈一定的角度。在充电座安装环境中，充电座的线缆21出线方向不一定就在充电座的后方或侧方，也有可能是与充电座轴向方向呈一定的角度，电流连接器30的出线口321朝向方向可以直接设定为安装环境中线缆21要求出线的方向，避免再次对线缆21进行弯折，在安装的时候也能进行直接安装，避免由于线缆硬度较高而无法弯折安装的情况。
在一实施方式中，如图6-图8所示，可拆卸机构40包括设置于与车身固定的装置10的卡槽52、和设置于电流连接器30的卡接片51，卡接片51卡接于卡槽52以将电流连接器30固定于与车身固定的装置10，操作比较方便，便于实现自动化生产和批量生产；卡接片51与卡槽52可以实现电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10的预固定，方便后续的紧固操作。
进一步地，卡槽52的槽口朝向侧方，卡接片51随电流连接器30沿后端102指向前端101的方向，运动至卡接于卡槽52。通过按压电流连接器30，使电流连接器30与与车身固定的装置10接合的同时，卡接片51与卡槽52卡接配合，操作更加方便高效。
进一步地，卡接片51设置于电流连接器30的侧方，卡槽52的位置与卡接片51相对应，方便卡接片51与卡槽52形成配合。
在一实施方式中，可拆卸机构40包括设置于与车身固定的装置10的弹簧和挂钩、和设置于电流连接器30的凹槽，按动电流连接器30使凹槽与挂钩连接或脱离，弹簧使电流连接器30从与车身固定的装置10中脱离。使用此结构，可以不借助工具，就能使 电流连接器30和与车身固定的装置10进行装配和拆卸，使维修时的步骤更少，节省拆卸工时，提高维修效率。
在一实施方式中，安装孔11包括与电连接装置22的端部配合的限位部111，该限位部111的内径小于电连接装置22的端部的外径，以阻止电连接装置22向后端102移动，对电连接装置22进行定位。如果没有限位部111，则在电连接装置22，电流连接器30和线缆21装配时，电连接装置22会穿过安装孔11，与电流连接器30和线缆21连接为一体，不会固定在与车身固定的装置10上，从而导致整个充电座结构无法实现组装。
在一实施方式中，安装孔11内设置有挡环，挡环被构造成阻止电连接装置22沿后端102指向前端101的方向运动。通过档环，对电连接装置22的前后移动位置进行限定，保证电连接装置22插拔顺利。
如图1和图2所示，该充电座包括多个电连接装置22。根据各个国家充电座的制造标准，多个电连接装置22分别可以实现充电功能、接地功能、低压控制功能等。
在一实施方式中，该充电座可以包括多个可拆卸机构40，可拆卸机构40与电连接装置22一一对应。通过多个可拆卸机构40，可以将多个对应的电连接装置22分别安装到与车身固定的装置10上，实现多个电连接装置22与充电装置进行电连接。
电连接装置22的数量优选为2个-36个，电连接装置22，可以简化到只有两根充电线缆进行充电，其他回路可以集成到充电装置或电池中。也可以包含DC连接器和AC连接器的36个回路中的对应电连接装置22。同时，电连接装置22的数量，可以与螺钉61的数量相同。
优选地，线缆21的材质为铜或铜合金，铝或铝合金。电动汽车的线缆由于电压高，电流大，都需要使用大线径的导线进行电流的传导，铜材质的导体材料，导电性能好，延展性好，是作为线缆导体材料的优选。但是，随着铜价日益上涨，使用铜材作为导线的材料成本会越来越高。为此，人们开始寻找金属铜的替代品来降低成本。金属铝在地壳中的含量约为7.73％，提炼技术优化后，价格相对较低，并且相对于铜，铝的重量较轻，导电率仅次于铜，铝在电气连接领域可以替代部分铜。因此，在汽车电气连接领域中以铝代铜是发展趋势。
与车身固定的装置10和电流连接器30材质为塑料材质。选用塑料材质，一是可以采用注塑的生产方式，获得形状复杂、产品性能一致的与车身固定的装置10和电流连接器30，另外，塑料材质的高绝缘性，也能保证充电座使用过程中的绝缘性能。
在一实施方式中，电流连接器30上设有温度传感器和控制板，温度传感器通过数据线与控制板电连接，温度传感器将温度信号传递给控制板，实现对电流连接器30的温度进行监测，避免温度过高造成损坏。另外，温度传感器可以直接与电连接装置22并实时获得电连接装置22的温度值，并传递给控制板，通过控制板对充电电流的调整，从而控制电连接装置22的温度值，使得电连接装置22的温度的测量精度趋近或等同于理论绝对值，具有极高的检测精度，及快速输出能力。
进一步地，控制板为电路板，电路板内置控制逻辑电路，通过该控制逻辑电路，当温度传感器的检测温度高于设定温度时，控制板发出警示信息，以实现温度的实时监测；当温度传感器的检测温度比设定温度超过一定值时，控制板电流连接器30自动断开，避免温度过高引发危险。
具体地，温度传感器可以为NTC温度传感器或PTC温度传感器。采用这两种温度传感器的好处是体积小，能够测量其他温度计无法测量的空隙；使用方便，电阻值可在0.1～100kΩ间任意选择；易加工成复杂的形状，可大批量生产，稳定性好、过载能力强，适用于转换接头这种要求体积小，性能稳定的产品中。
该充电座可以应用于新能源汽车。
实施例二
本发明还公开了一种汽车，包括如上所述的充电座。不仅生产制造过程简单，加工方便，极大地减少了充电座的加工工时；并且在汽车使用过程中，如果充电座只是电连接装置损坏，则不需要拆除整个充电座以及报废线缆，只需要拆除充电座部分结构，更换损坏的电连接装置即可，维修工艺简单易操作，消耗工时短，维修成本低，极大的降低了本发明公开的汽车的成本及维护费用。
以上所述仅为本发明示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本发明的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化与修改，均应属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种充电座，其中，包括：
    与车身固定的装置，其上设置有安装孔；
    电流连接器，其部分设置于所述安装孔中；
    电连接装置，其设置在所述电流连接器中；
    线缆，其部分设置于所述电流连接器中；
    可拆卸机构，将所述电流连接器、部分所述线缆与所述电连接装置可拆卸地固定于所述与车身固定的装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述电流连接器包括连接孔或U型槽，所述可拆卸机构穿过所述连接孔或U型槽。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述电流连接器设有安装部，所述与车身固定的装置设有安装孔，所述安装部插入所述安装孔中并可拆卸地连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的充电座，其中，所述可拆卸机构包括螺钉，所述电连接装置设有固定部，所述固定部的端面上设置有螺纹孔，所述线缆设有通孔，所述螺钉穿设于所述通孔和所述连接孔或U型槽且与所述螺纹孔螺接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的充电座，其中，所述电连接装置的螺纹孔端面与所述线缆的侧面电性连接。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的充电座，其中，所述固定部的外径小于所述连接孔的内径。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的充电座，其中，所述螺钉与所述螺纹孔螺接的扭矩范围为0.1N·m-30N·m。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的充电座，其中，所述螺钉的数量为2个-36个。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述电流连接器设有线缆槽，所述线缆穿设于所述线缆槽内，所述线缆槽被构造成用于阻止所述线缆沿所述充电座的前端指向所述充电座的后端的方向运动。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的充电座，其中，所述线缆槽设有出线口，所述线缆经所述出线口穿设于所述线缆槽。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的充电座，其中，所述出线口朝向所述电流连接器侧方方向设置。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的充电座，其中，所述出线口朝向方向与所述电流连接器侧方方向呈一定的角度。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述可拆卸机构包括设置于所述与车身固定的装置的卡槽、和设置于所述电流连接器的卡接片，所述卡接片卡接于所述卡槽以将所述电流连接器固定于所述与车身固定的装置。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的充电座，其中，所述卡槽的槽口朝向侧方，所述卡接片随所述电流连接器沿所述充电座的后端指向所述充电座的前端的方向，运动至卡接于所述卡槽。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的充电座，其中，所述卡接片设置于所述电流连接器的侧方。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述可拆卸机构包括设置于所述与车身固定的装置的弹簧和挂钩、和设置于所述电流连接器的凹槽，按动所述电流连接器使所述凹槽与所述挂钩连接或脱离，所述弹簧使所述电流连接器从所述与车身固定的装置中脱离。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述安装孔包括与所述电连接装置的端部配合的限位部。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述安装孔内设置有挡环，所述挡环被构造成用于阻止所述电连接装置沿所述充电座的后端指向所述充电座的前端的方向运动。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述充电座包括多个所述电连接装置。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的充电座，其中，所述充电座包括多个所述可拆卸机构，所述可拆卸机构与所述电连接装置一一对应。
  21. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述电连接装置数量为2个-36个。
  22. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述线缆的材质为铜或铜合金，铝或铝合金。
  23. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述与车身固定的装置和所述电流连接器材质为塑料材质。
  24. 如权利要求1所述的充电座，其中，所述电流连接器上设有温度传感器和控制板，所述温度传感器通过数据线与所述控制板电连接。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的充电座，其中，所述控制板为电路板，所述电路板内置控制逻辑电路。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的充电座，其中，所述温度传感器为NTC温度传感器或PTC温度传感器。
  27. 一种汽车，其中，包括如权利要求1-26任一项所述的充电座。
PCT/CN2022/110621 2021-08-06 2022-08-05 充电座及汽车 WO2023011643A1 (zh)

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