WO2022267099A1 - 钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机 - Google Patents

钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022267099A1
WO2022267099A1 PCT/CN2021/105017 CN2021105017W WO2022267099A1 WO 2022267099 A1 WO2022267099 A1 WO 2022267099A1 CN 2021105017 W CN2021105017 W CN 2021105017W WO 2022267099 A1 WO2022267099 A1 WO 2022267099A1
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Prior art keywords
upsetting
steel bar
clamping
head
cavity
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PCT/CN2021/105017
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何承涛
程政钧
魏冬
蒋丰丰
王艳栋
刘满臣
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浙江锐程机械制造有限公司
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Application filed by 浙江锐程机械制造有限公司 filed Critical 浙江锐程机械制造有限公司
Priority to EP21946588.7A priority Critical patent/EP4360774A1/en
Publication of WO2022267099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022267099A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the cold heading or hot heading of metal long rods, especially the heads of construction steel bars, and more specifically, relates to a steel bar head upsetting process and a steel bar upsetting machine.
  • connection strength should be greater than that of the base metal of the steel bar. strength.
  • steel bars are different from industrial products with precise dimensions.
  • the outer diameter of steel bars, the shape and height of transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs, and the base circle section of steel bars will exist.
  • the upsetting process can not only increase the cross-sectional area of the steel bar head, but also can uniformly correct such differences and deviations to the standard upsetting diameter and base circle cross-section, which is convenient for subsequent processing. Qualified threads.
  • the difference between the two structures lies in the difference in the way of clamping the mold, the first one uses a single oil cylinder to close the mold, the second one uses a wedge block and a wedge slide The mold is closed, but it is all to provide a sufficient clamping force (mold clamping force).
  • the common points of the two structures are: 1.
  • the mold is divided into two halves in the axial direction where the steel bar passes. When opening, the steel bar is put in or the steel bar is taken out after the upsetting is completed.
  • the mold is closed, the clamping cavity and the upsetting forming cavity are formed.
  • Body upsetting.
  • the clamping die and the upsetting die are divided into two halves, and installed on the same mold base that is divided into two halves.
  • the mold base is closed, the two halves of the clamping die are closed to form a clamping cavity, and the two halves of the upsetting die It is also closed to form a forming cavity. Since the clamping die and the upsetting die are installed on the same die base, the opening and closing of the die base is the opening and closing of the clamping die and the upsetting die.
  • the defects of the existing structure are: 1.
  • the effect of the mold clamping force is divided into two parts when the mold is clamped, and one part is used for clamping to offset the axial upsetting force of the upsetting oil cylinder, so as to ensure that the steel bar will not be in the axial direction during the upsetting process. Sliding upward, the other part is that as the steel bar expands in the upsetting mold, the expanded steel bar will act on the cavity of the forming mold to generate a stretching force on the upsetting mold, and the clamping force is equal to the resultant force of these two forces. Since the radial expansion force of the steel bar will be very large during the upsetting process, a huge mold clamping force is required. 2.
  • the clamping die and the upsetting die are opened and closed with the die base at the same time.
  • the clamping die has not been clamped but the upsetting die (die base) has been completely closed. Even if the mold is fully closed, the clamping will fail.
  • the clamping mold has not been fully closed and has been clamped, resulting in the mold base not being completely closed. Since the upsetting mold is also on the same mold base, the upsetting mold is also clamped. It cannot be completely closed, and the molding cavity is too large. 3.
  • the size of the upsetting cavity changes with the size deviation of the steel bar and during the upsetting process, if the upsetting head enters the cavity, the upsetting head may damage the cavity, so the upsetting head
  • the size is generally larger than the size of the forming cavity of the upsetting die.
  • the upsetting head performs the upsetting operation outside the forming cavity and does not enter the cavity. In this way, the end of the steel bar generally has not entered the cavity before the upsetting is completed, resulting in the upset of the upsetting end.
  • the outer diameter is slightly larger than the size of the molding cavity, forming a flange-like structure (commonly known as a cap), which is unfavorable for subsequent thread processing. 4.
  • the mold base is opened, and the clamping die and forming die are opened together with the mold base.
  • the steel bars often stick to the clamping die and forming die on one side, and workers need to use tools to knock off the sticking steel bars. Clamping die and forming die are difficult to realize fully automatic production.
  • the existing structure can only increase the cross-section of the head of the steel bar, and lacks the ability to accurately control the upset diameter and cross-sectional shape.
  • the invention provides a steel bar head upsetting process and its steel bar upsetting machine, which aims to solve the technical defects of the existing structure, realize precise control of the steel bar upsetting diameter and cross-sectional shape, and improve the quality and quality of the steel bar head upsetting. efficiency.
  • the clamping mold opens the clamping cavity, the steel bar to be upset is inserted into the clamping cavity and the forming cavity of the upsetting mold; the clamping mold Close the clamping cavity and clamp and fix the clamping section of the steel bar to be upset; the upsetting power device starts the upsetting operation through the upsetting head installed on the piston, and makes the upsetting head extend into the forming
  • the head of the upsetting steel bar in the cavity is upset and deformed in the forming cavity to form an upsetting section, and the upsetting action is completed;
  • the clamping mold opens the clamping cavity; the upsetting section is withdrawn through the material return action The forming cavity; the steel bar is taken out from the clamping cavity.
  • the steel bar upsetting machine of the present invention is equipped with a clamping mold on the frame, and the clamping mold has a clamping cavity that can be opened and closed for clamping and fixing the steel bar; an upsetting mold is installed on the frame , the upsetting mold has a forming cavity with a fixed closed cavity structure, which is used for upsetting the head of the steel bar, and the forming cavity can withstand the stretching force brought by the upsetting deformation of the head of the steel bar without Cavity deformation will occur; the centerline of the clamping cavity and the centerline of the forming cavity are on the same axis; an upsetting power device is installed on the frame, and the upsetting power device has a direction toward the steel bar head The internally movable piston is used to provide axial upsetting force for the upsetting of the head of the steel bar.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary first embodiment of the present invention in the state of putting in steel bars and positioning the heading;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the exemplary first embodiment of the present invention in the clamping die clamping and upset start state;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary first embodiment of the present invention in a state where the upsetting action is completed;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention after the clamping die is opened and the upsetting head is pushed out of the upsetting section;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention under the open state of the wedge clamping die
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention in the state where steel bars are put in and the upset end faces of the steel bars are in contact with the upset head;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention in the state where the wedge clamping die is clamped and the steel bar is clamped;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention in the state where the upsetting action is completed;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention when the heading head retreats and the wedge clamping die is opened;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention in the state where the heading head pushes out the upsetting section.
  • the frame 6 shown in the figure adopts the structural design of the existing disclosed technology, and will not be repeated here.
  • Clamping die, upsetting die and upsetting power unit are installed on the frame 6.
  • the clamping mold illustrated in the figure is a two-half opening and closing structure, and the clamping mold includes a first clamping mold base 14 and a second clamping mold base 15, and the first clamping mold base 14 and the second clamping mold base 15 are respectively provided with a first clamping die 1 and a second clamping die 2 and are radially opened and closed.
  • This kind of clamping mold structure and power device are both conventional technologies, for example, the power device adopts an independent oil cylinder to clamp the power device.
  • the first clamping die 1 and the second clamping die 2 have semicircular clamping cavities, which form clamping cavities for clamping and fixing steel bars after mold closing.
  • the first clamping die 1 and the second clamping die 2 are designed in a modular structure, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement.
  • the upsetting mold disclosed by the invention has a forming cavity with a fixed closed cavity structure.
  • the upsetting mold illustrated in the figure includes an upsetting template 7 fixedly installed on the frame 6 to cooperate with the upsetting action to form an upsetting mold base, and the upsetting template 7 is provided with a cylindrical hole, The centerline of the cylindrical hole and the centerline of the clamping cavity are on the same axis.
  • the cylindrical hole can directly constitute the forming cavity, which is used for the upsetting of the head of the steel bar.
  • the cylindrical hole is not directly used as a forming cavity, and the upsetting mold 3 can be designed through modularization, and the upsetting mold 3 formed by combining various modular structural components has a forming cavity , the upsetting die 3 is fixedly installed on the cylindrical hole, for example, the various modular structural components are assembled and installed on the cylindrical hole by fastening bolts, so that the forming cavity with high dimensional accuracy is provided, and it can be matched with different types of steel bars.
  • the upsetting process needs to be replaced.
  • the opening and the molding cavity structure formed by installing the modular structural components as the upsetting mold base for fixedly installing the upsetting mold 3 described in this example any other mechanical structure can be adopted.
  • any other mechanical structure can be adopted.
  • the forming cavity of this fixed closed cavity structure is different from the current technology. During the whole process of the steel bar head upsetting process, it does not have the process and function of opening and closing the mold.
  • the heading head 4 enters the forming cavity, and the steel bar is completely restrained in the closed forming cavity to complete the upsetting action, which avoids a series of problems of eccentricity and flange structure of the head that may be caused by part of the steel bar being exposed to the forming cavity .
  • the upsetting section formed is accurate in size and high in shape quality. After the upsetting section is returned from the forming cavity through the ejection process, no steel bars will appear The problem of sticking can easily realize fully automated production operations.
  • the exemplary upsetting power device in the figure adopts a hydraulic control system, for example, the upsetting power device includes an oil cylinder 5, a piston is installed on the oil cylinder 5, and the piston Upsetting head 4 is installed on it.
  • the upsetting head 4 is moved to the upsetting position in advance under the drive of the piston, and the steel bar to be upset is inserted into the clamping cavity On the body and the forming cavity, the upsetting end face of the steel bar to be upset abuts against the upsetting head 4.
  • the first clamping die 1 and the second clamping die 2 close the clamping cavity to clamp and fix the steel bar to be upset, and the upsetting head 4 exerts force to start upsetting.
  • Fig. 3 it can be seen from the figure that the deformation zone of the non-upsetting part and the upsetting part of the steel bar is set in the clamping cavity.
  • Upsetting head 4 presses the head of the steel bar in the forming cavity, and the steel bar deforms in the clamping die near the end face of the upsetting die to form a V-shaped transition section, which is compressed axially in the forming cavity and expands radially to complete the upsetting process.
  • the upsetting head 4 extends into the forming cavity to abut the upsetting section and pushes the upsetting section out by the upsetting pressure
  • the forming cavity completes the material return action. Then, remove the rebar from the clamping cavity.
  • the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor for measuring the clamping die, the upsetting die and the upsetting power device can be selectively installed on the frame 6 and controlled by the controller together. The above-mentioned automatic technical solutions can all be realized by conventional technologies, and will not be repeated here.
  • the frame 6 adopting the guide column structure is a structural design of the existing disclosed technology, which is not described here. Let me repeat.
  • a movable template 13 that slides axially along the guide column is installed on the frame 6, and the movable template 13 is driven to move axially by a clamping power device, which is not shown in the figure, such as a hydraulic cylinder with a push rod Or driven by other means, and the displacement can be detected by displacement sensors so as to accurately control the speed and displacement of the actuating template 13.
  • the clamping die shown as an example in the figure uses a wedge clamping mechanism.
  • the clamping mold includes a first wedge clamping mold base 9 and a second wedge clamping mold base 10, and the first wedge clamping mold 11 and the second wedge clamping mold 12 are installed on the first wedge clamping mold base respectively.
  • the mold base 9 and the second wedge are clamped on the mold base 10 .
  • the first wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 respectively have semicircular clamping cavities, which are used to clamp and fix steel bars after mold closing.
  • the first wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 are of modular design, which are convenient for disassembly and replacement.
  • the first wedge clamping mold base 9 and the second wedge clamping mold base 10 are installed on the movable template 13 and can slide on the movable template 13 to realize the opening and closing action.
  • the fixed formwork 8 is located in front of the movable formwork 13, and the inside of the fixed formwork 8 is provided with a wedge-shaped slideway with a guide groove.
  • the clamping power device drives the movable template 13 to move axially, and at the same time, drives the first wedge clamping mold base 9 and the second wedge clamping mold base 10 to enter and exit the wedge-shaped slideway and synchronize the first wedge clamping mold 11 and the second wedge clamping mold base.
  • Two oblique wedge clamping molds 12 are opened or closed.
  • the structure of the molding cavity provided on the movable template 13 is the same as that of the first embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the first wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 are provided with inverted wedges on the end faces close to the molding cavity. The corner acts as a transition zone between the non-upset and upset parts of the bar.
  • the exemplary upsetting power device in the figure is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the movable template 13 moves toward the piston, and the first wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 open the clamping cavity.
  • the upsetting head 4 is moved to the positioning position in advance under the drive of the piston, and the steel bar to be upset is put into the opening of the fixed template 8, and the upsetting end surface abuts against the upsetting head 4 after passing through the clamping mold and the upsetting mold.
  • the movable formwork 13 moves toward the direction of the wedge-shaped slideway, the first wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 are radially closed during the forward movement, and the steel bars are clamped.
  • the upsetting head 4 moves forward, upsetting the head of the steel bar in the forming cavity, and the steel bar is deformed in the clamping mold against the end face of the upsetting mold to form a V-shaped transition section, which is compressed axially in the forming cavity and radially compressed.
  • the upsetting process is completed. Referring to Fig.
  • the upsetting head 4 moves forward and extends into the forming cavity to abut against the upsetting section, and pushes the upsetting section out of the forming cavity through the upsetting pressure to complete the ejection action.
  • a large ejection force is required to eject it.
  • the movable template 13 needs to maintain the same position when bearing the ejection force, so as to avoid the first inclination caused by the forward movement of the movable template 13.
  • the wedge clamping die 11 and the second wedge clamping die 12 clamp the steel bar in clamping mode. Therefore, adopting the technical solution of ejecting material, it is necessary to set a limit mechanism (not shown in the figure) to limit the axial movement of the template 13.
  • a limit mechanism (not shown in the figure) to limit the axial movement of the template 13.
  • a movable stopper is set between the fixed template 8 and the movable template 13, and the stopper bears the ejection force and prevents the movable template 13 from moving, or starts the clamping power device to offset the ejection force and prevent the movable template 13 from moving. After the ejection action is completed, the steel bar is taken out from the clamping cavity.
  • the displacement sensor for measuring the movable platen 13, the heading head 4 and the pressure sensor of the upsetting power device can be selectively installed on the frame and controlled together.
  • the controller by adjusting the initial and final positions of the moving platen 13 and the heading head 4, as well as the upset pressure, controllable and accurate upset diameter and section effect can be obtained.

Abstract

一种钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机，夹紧模具具有能打开及闭合的夹紧腔体，镦粗模具具有固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体，在夹紧模具打开夹紧腔体状态下，将待镦粗钢筋穿插在夹紧腔体和镦粗模具的成型腔体上，夹紧模具闭合夹紧腔体并夹持固定在待镦粗钢筋的夹持段，镦粗动力装置通过活塞上安装的镦头（4）开始执行镦粗作业，并使镦头（4）伸入至成型腔体内镦压钢筋头部在成型腔体内镦粗形变形成镦粗段，完成镦粗动作。该钢筋镦粗机和镦粗工艺能够实现对钢筋镦粗直径和截面形状的精确控制，提高钢筋头部镦粗品质和效率。

Description

钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机 技术领域
本发明是有关于金属长杆件，特别是建筑钢筋的头部冷镦或热镦，更具体的说，涉及一种钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机。
背景技术
1.在建筑工程中，最常见的钢筋机械连接为钢筋的螺纹连接，即在钢筋头部加工螺纹后利用有内螺纹的套筒即可实现钢筋的相互连接，连接强度应大于钢筋母材的强度。
2.由于钢筋有横肋和纵肋，加工螺纹必须先消除这些肋，导致无论是采用切削还是滚压加工的螺纹的最终截面积都小于钢筋母材的截面积，强度降低。
3.为了加工的螺纹最终截面积不小于钢筋母材的截面积，需要将钢筋头部的直径增大，冷镦或者热镦可以实现钢筋头部直径增大，称为镦粗。
4.钢筋不同于一般有着精准尺寸的工业制品，相同规格的钢筋，由于生产厂家，生产标准的不同，钢筋的外径，横肋和纵肋的形状、高度，以及钢筋的基圆截面都会存在加大差异和偏差，利用镦粗工艺不但可以增大钢筋头部的截面积，另一个重要功能是可以把这类差异和偏差统一修正到标准的镦粗直径和基圆截面，便于后续加工出合格的螺纹。
如美国专利文件US7313942B2中图3和图4的两个实施例，两种结构的区别在于：合模方式的不同，第一种通过单独的一个油缸合模，第二种通过楔形块及楔形滑道合模，但都是为了提供足够大的合模力(合模锁紧力)。
两种结构的共同点在于：1.模具在钢筋通过的轴向上分为两半，打开时放入钢筋或完成镦粗后取出钢筋，模具合模时形成夹紧腔体和镦粗成型腔体，进行镦粗。2.夹紧模和镦粗模均分为两半，装在同样分为两半的模座上，模座合 模时则两半夹紧模闭合构成夹紧腔体，镦粗模两半同样闭合构成成型腔体，由于夹紧模和镦粗模装在同一模座上，模座的开合即是夹紧模和镦粗模的开合。
现有结构的缺陷在于：1.模具合模时合模力的作用分为两部分，一部分为用于夹紧抵消镦粗油缸的轴向镦粗力，确保钢筋在镦粗过程不会在轴向上滑动，另一部分为随着钢筋在镦粗模中胀大，胀大的钢筋会作用在成型模腔体内对镦粗模产生撑开力，合模力等于这两个力的合力。由于镦粗过程中钢筋径向的撑开力会非常大，需要巨大的合模力。2.由于钢筋直径存在偏差，但夹紧模和镦粗模是同时随模座开合的，对于直径偏小的钢筋，夹紧模尚未夹紧但镦粗模(模座)已经完全闭合，造成即便完全合模也夹紧失效，对于钢筋直径偏大的情况，夹紧模尚未完全闭合已经夹紧，导致模座不能完全闭合，由于镦粗模也在同一模座上，镦粗模同样不能完全闭合，成型腔体偏大。3.由于镦粗模成型腔体为两半开合式结构，镦粗腔体尺寸随钢筋尺寸偏差变化且镦粗过程中，如镦头进入腔体会有镦头损坏腔体的可能，所以镦头尺寸一般大于镦粗模成型腔体的尺寸，镦头在成型腔体外部进行镦压作业，不进入腔体，这样钢筋端头一般还未进入腔体即镦粗完成，造成镦粗端头的外径略大于成型腔体的尺寸，形成类似凸缘结构(俗称盖帽)，对后续螺纹加工不利。4.镦粗完成后，模座打开，夹紧模和成型模随模座同时打开，钢筋经常会粘连在某一边的夹紧模和成型模上，需要工人用工具敲击将粘连的钢筋脱离夹紧模和成型模，难以实现全自动生产。
因此，由于以上结构缺陷，现有结构仅能完成钢筋头部截面增加，缺乏精确控制镦粗直径和截面形状的能力。
发明内容
本发明提供一种钢筋头部镦粗工艺及其钢筋镦粗机，其目的在于解决现有结构的技术缺陷，实现对钢筋镦粗直径和截面形状的精确控制，提高钢筋头部镦粗品质和效率。
本发明的钢筋头部镦粗工艺，在夹紧模具打开夹紧腔体状态下，将待镦粗钢筋穿插在所述夹紧腔体和镦粗模具的成型腔体上；所述夹紧模具闭合所述夹紧腔体并夹持固定在待镦粗钢筋的夹持段；镦粗动力装置通过活塞上安装的镦头开始执行镦粗作业，并使所述镦头伸入至所述成型腔体内镦压钢筋头部在所述成型腔体内镦粗形变形成镦粗段，完成镦粗动作；所述夹紧模具打开所述夹紧腔体；通过退料动作使所述镦粗段退出所述成型腔体；从所述夹紧腔体取出钢筋。
本发明的钢筋镦粗机，在机架上安装有夹紧模具，所述夹紧模具具有能打开及闭合的夹紧腔体，用于夹持固定钢筋；在机架上安装有镦粗模具，所述镦粗模具具有固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体，用于钢筋头部的镦粗成形，所述成型腔体能够承受钢筋头部的镦粗形变带来的撑开力而不会发生腔体变形；所述夹紧腔体的中心线和所述成形腔体的中心线位于同一轴线上；在机架上安装有镦粗动力装置，所述镦粗动力装置具有朝向钢筋头部移动的活塞，用于为钢筋头部的镦粗成形提供轴向镦粗力。
基于上述，结合以示例的方式说明本发明的原理的附图，根据以下详细描述，本发明公开的以上特征和优点以及其他特征和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是本发明示例性第一实施例在放入钢筋及镦头定位状态下的示意图；
图2是本发明示例性第一实施例在夹紧模合模及镦粗开始状态下的示意图；
图3是本发明示例性第一实施例在镦粗动作完成状态下的示意图；
图4是本发明示例性第一实施例在夹紧模打开后镦头顶出镦粗段状态下的示意图；
图5是本发明示例性第二实施例在斜楔夹紧模打开状态下的示意图；
图6是本发明示例性第二实施例在放入钢筋及钢筋镦粗端端面抵接镦头状态下的示意图；
图7是本发明示例性第二实施例在斜楔夹紧模合模完成夹紧钢筋状态下的示意图；
图8是本发明示例性第二实施例在镦粗动作完成状态下的示意图；
图9是本发明示例性第二实施例在镦头后退及斜楔夹紧模打开状态下的示意图；
图10是本发明示例性第二实施例在镦头顶出镦粗段状态下的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本发明公开其应用或用途。应当理解，在所有附图中，相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
如图1至图4所示，根据本发明示例性第一实施例详解本发明镦粗机的结构原理，图中示出的机架6采用现有公开技术的结构设计，这里不再赘述。机架6上安装有夹紧模具、镦粗模具和镦粗动力装置。图中示例示出的夹紧模具为两半开合结构，夹紧模具包括第一夹紧模座14和第二夹紧模座15，第一夹紧模座14和第二夹紧模座15上分别设置有第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2且为径向开合动作。此种夹紧模具结构及动力装置均为常规技术，比如，动力装置采用独立油缸夹紧动力装置。在本实施例中，第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2具 有半圆形夹紧腔体，合模后形成用于夹持固定钢筋的夹紧腔体。为了配合不同型号钢筋的镦粗工艺，第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2为模块化结构设计，方便拆换。本发明公开的镦粗模具具有固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体。举例来说，图中示例示出的镦粗模具包括在机架6上固定安装的一块用于配合镦粗动作的镦粗模板7构成镦粗模座，镦粗模板7上开设有圆柱孔，圆柱孔的中心线与夹紧腔体的中心线位于同一轴线上。圆柱孔可以直接构成成型腔体，用于钢筋头部的镦粗成形。为了灵活适配不同型号的钢筋的镦粗工艺，圆柱孔不直接用来作为成型腔体，可以通过模块化设计镦粗模3，各个模块化结构组件拼合形成的镦粗模3具有成型腔体，将镦粗模3固定安装在圆柱孔上，比如通过紧固螺栓将各个模块化结构组件拼合安装在圆柱孔上，这样就具备了高尺寸精度的成型腔体，而且能够配合不同型号钢筋的镦粗工艺所需进行拆换。为了适合安装模块化结构组件构成的镦粗模3，也可以在镦粗模板7上开设其他形状的安装孔。并且，除了本示例所述的作为镦粗模座用于固定安装镦粗模3的镦粗模板结构、开孔及通过安装模块化结构组件拼合形成的成型腔体结构以外，采用其他任何机械结构设计，只要形成与本发明公开的成型腔体在结构与功能上具有一致性，均落入本发明技术方案的保护范围内。这种固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体，不同于现在技术，在钢筋头部镦粗工艺的整个过程中，不具有打开及合模的工艺及功能，由于始终保持固定的紧固闭合状态，能够承受钢筋头部的镦粗形变带来的撑开力而不会发生腔体变形，因此无需依靠额外动力装置提供巨大的合模力，就能够实现钢筋镦粗直径和截面形状的精确控制。其次，避免了夹紧模具和镦粗模具同步随模座开合，消除了钢筋直径存在偏差产生的影响，不会出现夹紧失效和镦粗模具闭合失效的情况。再次，镦头4进入成型腔体，钢筋被完全约束在闭合的成型腔体中完成镦粗动作，避免了部分钢筋外 露于成型腔体可能产生的偏心及头部出现凸缘结构的一系列问题。最后，固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体在镦粗工艺中，形成的镦粗段尺寸精确，形状品质高，通过顶料工艺将镦粗段从成型腔体退料后，不会出现钢筋粘连的问题，能够轻易实现全自动化生产作业。
参看图1至图4所示的示例性的钢筋头部镦粗工艺，图中示例性的镦粗动力装置比如采用液压控制系统，镦粗动力装置包括油缸5，油缸5上安装有活塞，活塞上安装有镦头4。参看图1，在第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2打开夹紧腔体状态下，镦头4在活塞带动下预先移动至镦压位置，将待镦粗钢筋穿插在夹紧腔体和成型腔体上，待镦粗钢筋的镦粗端端面抵接镦头4。参看图2，第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2闭合夹紧腔体夹持固定住待镦粗钢筋，镦头4施力开始镦粗动作。参看图3，图中可以看出，钢筋非镦粗部分和镦粗部分的变形区设置在夹紧腔体。镦头4在成型腔体内镦压钢筋头部，钢筋在夹紧模具靠镦粗模具的端面变形形成V型过渡段，在成型腔体内轴向被压缩，径向胀大完成镦粗过程。参看图4，第一夹紧模1和第二夹紧模2打开夹紧腔体的状态下，镦头4伸入至成型腔体内抵接镦粗段并通过镦压力将镦粗段顶出成型腔体完成退料动作。然后，从夹紧腔体取出钢筋。为了实现钢筋头部镦粗工艺的自动化作业，可以选择性在机架6上安装用于测量夹紧模具、镦粗模具及镦粗动力装置的压力传感器和位移传感器并共同受控于控制器，上述自动化技术方案都可以通过常规技术来实现，不再赘述。
如图5至图10所示，根据本发明示例性第二实施例详解本发明镦粗机的结构原理，本示例中采用导柱结构的机架6为现有公开技术的结构设计，这里不再赘述。机架6上安装有沿导柱进行轴向滑动的动模板13，通过夹紧动力装置驱动动模板13轴向移动，夹紧动力装置在图中未示出，比如应用带推杆的 液压油缸或其他方式驱动，且位移能通过位移传感器检测以便精确控制动模板13的速度和位移。图中示例示出的夹紧模具采用了楔形夹紧机构。夹紧模具包括第一斜楔夹紧模座9和第二斜楔夹紧模座10，第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12分别安装在第一斜楔夹紧模座9和第二斜楔夹紧模座10上。第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12分别具有半圆形夹紧腔体，合模后形成用于夹持固定钢筋的夹紧腔体。为了配合不同型号钢筋的镦粗工艺，第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12为模块化设计，方便拆换。第一斜楔夹紧模座9和第二斜楔夹紧模座10安装在动模板13且能够在动模板13滑动实现开合动作。定模板8位于动模板13前方，定模板8内部设有带导向槽的楔形滑道。夹紧动力装置驱动动模板13轴向移动同时，带动第一斜楔夹紧模座9和第二斜楔夹紧模座10进出楔形滑道并同步使第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12打开或闭合。动模板13上设置成型腔体的结构与第一实施例相同，图中可以看出，第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12在靠近成型腔体的端面上设置倒角作为钢筋非镦粗部分和镦粗部分的过渡区。
参看图5至图10所示的示例性的钢筋头部镦粗工艺，图中示例性的镦粗动力装置与第一实施例相同。参看图5，动模板13朝向活塞方向移动，第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12打开夹紧腔体。参看图6，镦头4在活塞带动下预先移动至定位位置，将待镦粗钢筋由定模板8开口放入，穿过夹紧模具和镦粗模具后镦粗端端面抵接镦头4。参看图7，动模板13朝向楔形滑道方向移动，第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12在向前运动的过程中径向闭合,完成夹紧钢筋。参看图8，镦头4向前移动，在成型腔体内镦压钢筋头部，钢筋在夹紧模具靠镦粗模具的端面变形形成V型过渡段，在成型腔体内轴向被压缩，径向胀大，当镦头位置和液压压力达到设定值时，镦粗过程完成。参看图 9，首先镦头4后退为动模板13后移提供空间，然后，动模板13后移使第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12打开夹紧腔体。参看图10，镦头4向前移动伸入至成型腔体内抵接镦粗段并通过镦压力将镦粗段顶出成型腔体完成退料动作。钢筋头部在成型腔体内胀大后，需要较大的顶出力才能将其顶出，动模板13需在承受该顶出力时维持位置不变，以避免动模板13向前移动造成第一斜楔夹紧模11和第二斜楔夹紧模12合模夹持钢筋，因此，采用这个顶料的技术方案，需要设置限制动模板13轴向移动的限位机构(图中未示出)，比如，在定模板8和动模板13之间设置可移动的挡块，通过挡块承受顶出力并防止动模板13移动，或者，启动夹紧动力装置抵消顶出力防止动模板13移动。顶料动作完成后，从夹紧腔体取出钢筋。同样，为了实现头部镦粗工艺的自动化作业和提高加工精度，可以选择性在机架上安装用于测量动模板13、镦头4的位移传感器及镦粗动力装置的压力传感器并共同受控于控制器，通过调整动模板13和镦头4的初始和结束位置，以及镦压力，可以获得可控、精确的镦粗直径和截面效果。上述自动化技术方案都可以通过常规技术来实现，不再赘述。
尽管已经参考示例性实施例描述了以上公开，但是本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，可以进行各种改变并且可以用等同物代替其要素。另外，在不脱离本公开的实质范围的情况下，可以做出许多修改以使特定情况或材料适应本公开的教导。因此，意图是本公开不限于所公开的特定实施例，而是将包括落入其范围内的所有实施例。故本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 钢筋镦粗机，其特征是：在机架上安装有夹紧模具，所述夹紧模具具有能打开及闭合的夹紧腔体，用于夹持固定钢筋；在机架上安装有镦粗模具，所述镦粗模具具有固定式闭合腔体结构的成型腔体，用于钢筋头部的镦粗成形，所述成型腔体能够承受钢筋头部的镦粗形变带来的撑开力而不会发生腔体变形；所述夹紧腔体的中心线和所述成形腔体的中心线位于同一轴线上；在机架上安装有镦粗动力装置，所述镦粗动力装置具有朝向钢筋头部移动的活塞，用于为钢筋头部的镦粗成形提供轴向镦粗力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钢筋镦粗机，其特征是：所述夹紧腔体为模块化结构组件构成且能与钢筋相配合进行拆换；所述成型腔体为模块化结构组件构成且能与钢筋相配合进行拆换。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的钢筋镦粗机，其特征是：所述镦粗动力装置为液压控制系统，所述镦粗动力装置包括油缸，所述油缸上安装有所述活塞，所述活塞上安装有镦头，所述镦头能与钢筋相配合进行拆换。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的钢筋镦粗机，其特征是：在机架上安装有用于测量所述夹紧模具、所述镦粗模具及所述镦粗动力装置的压力传感器和位移传感器并共同受控于控制器以实现钢筋头部镦粗工艺的自动化作业。
  5. 钢筋头部镦粗工艺，其特征是：在夹紧模具打开夹紧腔体状态下，将待镦粗钢筋穿插在所述夹紧腔体和镦粗模具的成型腔体上；所述夹紧模具闭合所述夹紧腔体并夹持固定在待镦粗钢筋的夹持段；镦粗动力装置通过活塞上安装的镦头开始执行镦粗作业，并使所述镦头伸入至所述成型腔体内镦压钢筋头部在所述成型腔体内镦粗形变形成镦粗段，完成镦粗动作。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的钢筋头部镦粗工艺，其特征是：镦粗动作结束后，所述 夹紧模具打开所述夹紧腔体；通过退料动作使所述镦粗段退出所述成型腔体；从所述夹紧腔体取出钢筋。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的钢筋头部镦粗工艺，其特征是：在退料动作时，所述镦头伸入至所述成型腔体内抵接所述镦粗段并通过镦压力将所述镦粗段顶出所述成型腔体。
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