WO2022264406A1 - リチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022264406A1 WO2022264406A1 PCT/JP2021/023215 JP2021023215W WO2022264406A1 WO 2022264406 A1 WO2022264406 A1 WO 2022264406A1 JP 2021023215 W JP2021023215 W JP 2021023215W WO 2022264406 A1 WO2022264406 A1 WO 2022264406A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- secondary battery
- separator
- edge
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013412 LiNixCoyAlzO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)pentane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-crown-4 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCO1 XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)OC HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWCKLOPZHLHTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-carbamimidoyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)butoxy]-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(N)=N)=CC=C1OCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1OC AWCKLOPZHLHTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012761 LiTiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000152 cobalt phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);diphosphate Chemical compound [Co+2].[Co+2].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZBDSFTZNNQNSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZDCRNXMZSKCKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-(4-bromoanilino)piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCC1NC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 ZDCRNXMZSKCKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
- H01M50/466—U-shaped, bag-shaped or folded
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lithium secondary batteries.
- lithium secondary batteries that charge and discharge by moving lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes are known to exhibit high voltage and high energy density.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode have an active material capable of holding lithium elements, and lithium ions are charged and discharged by exchanging lithium ions between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.
- Secondary batteries are known.
- lithium secondary batteries lithium metal batteries; LMB
- LMB lithium metal batteries
- US Pat. No. 6,200,000 discloses a rechargeable battery that uses a lithium metal-based electrode as the negative electrode.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte interposed therebetween. A lithium secondary battery is disclosed that migrates from the positive electrode to form lithium metal on a negative current collector within the negative electrode. Patent Document 2 discloses that such a lithium secondary battery solves the problems caused by the reactivity of lithium metal and the problems occurring during the assembly process, and provides a lithium secondary battery with improved performance and life. We disclose what we can do.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated with a separator interposed therebetween, and a pouch-type (or sometimes called a laminate-type) lithium secondary battery is formed by enclosing the lithium secondary battery with a laminate sheet. be.
- a pouch-type lithium secondary battery in order to prevent the negative electrode active material deposited on the negative electrode from separating from the negative electrode and contacting the positive electrode and short-circuiting, the positive electrode and the A margin is provided so that the edge of the negative electrode is separated by a certain amount or more.
- the distance between the edge of the separator and the edge of the positive electrode or the negative electrode in a plan view is called a margin.
- the purpose of the present invention is to increase the energy per unit volume/weight of lithium secondary batteries.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- at least part of the edge of the negative electrode and the edge of the separator corresponding to the edge of the part of the negative electrode are arranged at the same position in plan view.
- the present inventors have found that in a configuration in which the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material, it is possible to prevent a short circuit between electrodes without providing a margin between the edge of the separator and the edge of the negative electrode. It is presumed that the reason for this is that since no active material exists in the negative electrode, it is possible to eliminate the wraparound of the material on the end surface of the negative electrode material.
- the edge of the separator and the edge of the negative electrode are at the same position in plan view, that is, the edge of the separator and the edge of the negative electrode are in plan view.
- the margin which is the distance at , is substantially 0.
- the negative electrode and the separator each have a rectangular configuration. Furthermore, at least one side of the rectangular negative electrode is preferably arranged at the same position in a plan view as a side of the rectangular separator corresponding to the one side of the negative electrode.
- a lithium secondary battery having a rectangular negative electrode and a separator can be configured to have a larger negative electrode than before. As a result, the energy efficiency per unit volume/unit weight of the lithium secondary battery can be increased.
- the sides of the negative electrode other than at least one side, be located inside the other sides of the separator corresponding to the other sides of the negative electrode in plan view.
- the distance between the other side of the negative electrode and the corresponding other side of the separator in a plan view is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less.
- the margin which is the distance in plan view between the edge of the separator and the edge of the negative electrode, is substantially 0 for some of the four sides of the negative electrode in plan view, Other sides have a margin of 0.3 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less.
- the four sides of the negative electrode and the four sides of the separator are arranged at the same position in a plan view.
- the size of the negative electrode in plan view can be the same size as the size of the separator.
- the negative electrode can be made larger, and the lithium secondary battery can have improved energy efficiency per unit volume and unit weight.
- the edge of the positive electrode is located inside the corresponding edge of the negative electrode in plan view. At this time, it is preferable that the distance between the edge of the positive electrode and the corresponding edge of the negative electrode in a plan view is 0.3 mm or more.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It further comprises an exterior body for enclosing.
- the lithium secondary battery at least a part of the edge of the separator and an edge of the negative electrode on the same side as the part of the edge are at the same distance from the inner wall of the facing outer casing.
- the negative electrode enclosed in the outer package can be at least partially larger than before. As a result, the energy efficiency per unit volume/unit weight of the lithium secondary battery can be increased.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a portion of a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a part of a cross section of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a part of a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator according to Modification 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing part of a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator according to Modification 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the configuration of a lithium secondary battery 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view showing part of a lithium secondary battery 1 including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a part of the cross section of the lithium secondary battery 1. As shown in FIG.
- the lithium secondary battery 1 includes a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13 interposed between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3, the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 are laminated in layers. As shown in FIG. 1, the lithium secondary battery 1 is constructed by laminating a plurality of groups (cells) each including a positive electrode 11, a negative electrode 12, and a separator 13. As shown in FIG. The positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 constitute a pouch cell by being sealed with an outer package 14. As shown in FIG.
- a plurality of sets of positive electrodes 11, negative electrodes 12, and separators 13 are enclosed in one pouch cell, but one set of positive electrodes 11, negative electrodes 12, and separators 13 may be enclosed in one pouch cell.
- a positive electrode terminal 15 and a negative electrode terminal 16 are connected to the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12, respectively. These positive electrode terminal 15 and negative electrode terminal 16 are configured so as to extend outside the exterior body 14 constituting the pouch cell and connect to an external circuit.
- the surface of the lithium secondary battery 1 viewed from the direction in which the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 are stacked is flat and has a rectangular (square) shape. , but not limited to.
- the shapes of the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 in plan view can be any shape such as circular, elliptical, or polygonal, depending on the application.
- the shapes of the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 in plan view may be similar to each other.
- the separator 13 prevents the battery from short-circuiting due to contact between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 .
- a negative electrode/separator margin (or simply referred to as a “margin”), which is the distance between the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 in plan view, is provided, and the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 is the distance between the edges 13a of the separator 13.
- the lithium secondary battery 1 does not need to provide such a margin.
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 are at the same positions in plan view at positions corresponding to sides A, B, and C.
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 are not at the same position in plan view, and a margin is provided.
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 is positioned inside the edge 13a of the separator 13 in plan view.
- edge 11a of the positive electrode 11 is positioned inside the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 in plan view.
- edge 12a of negative electrode 12 and edge 13a of separator 13 abut inner wall 14a of package 14, as shown in FIG.
- the positive electrode/separator margin which is the distance between the edge 11a of the positive electrode 11 and the edge 13a of the separator 13, is set in the range of, for example, 0.3 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less. .
- the negative electrode/separator margin is set to substantially 0, it is about ⁇ 0.3 mm due to variations in dimensions during manufacture of the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13, or misalignment during lamination. error may occur.
- the margins are considered to be substantially zero.
- the margin is substantially 0, in other words, the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 are considered to be at the same position, for example, when the margin is 0.3 mm or less, preferably 0. 0.2 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 mm or less.
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 may be configured so as not to necessarily contact the inner wall 14a of the exterior body 14 .
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 at least in part, have substantially the same distance from the inner wall 14a of the exterior body 14 facing each other.
- the distances between the inner wall 14a of the outer package 14 and the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 and the edge 13a of the separator 13 are considered to be substantially the same because, for example, the difference in distance is 0. 0.3 mm or less, preferably the distance difference is 0.2 mm or less, and more preferably the distance difference is 0.1 mm or less.
- the edge 12c of the negative electrode 12B may be configured such that the margins are substantially 0 at positions corresponding to all four sides A, B, C, and D thereof.
- the edge 12e of the negative electrode 12D has a margin of substantially 0 only at the position corresponding to the side B, and margins are provided at positions corresponding to the other sides. good.
- the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 is positioned inside the edge 13a of the separator 13, and the edge 11a of the positive electrode 11 is positioned inside the edge 12a of the negative electrode 12 in plan view. are arranged as follows.
- the margin is substantially 0 on at least one side of the negative electrode 12 in a plan view, thereby preventing a short circuit of the electrodes.
- the negative electrode 12 can be made larger than the conventional configuration while preventing this. Of the four sides of the negative electrode 12 , the larger the number of sides whose margins are substantially 0, the larger the size of the negative electrode 12 . This makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency per unit volume/unit weight of the lithium secondary battery 1 .
- margins in the range of 0.3 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less on the sides where margins are provided.
- the minimum distance of the margin is preferably smaller than manufacturing variations in the sizes of the negative electrode 12 and the separator 13, and may be 0.2 mm or more or 0.1 mm or more.
- the maximum margin distance is preferably as small as possible, but is preferably 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 3.0 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mm or less, as described above.
- the margin which is the distance between the edge of the negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery and the edge of the separator, at least partially substantially zero, a certain effect can be obtained in terms of enlarging the negative electrode.
- the margin which is the distance between the edge of the negative electrode 12 and the edge of the separator 13, is substantially reduced.
- the negative electrode can be made larger by providing a portion where the potential is essentially 0.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment disclosed in the present specification typically includes a liquid electrolyte lithium secondary battery (especially a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery) provided with an electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte or a gel electrolyte lithium secondary battery comprising a gel electrolyte.
- a liquid electrolyte lithium secondary battery especially a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium secondary battery
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment may be an all-solid battery including an inorganic solid electrolyte, for example.
- the negative electrode 12 does not have a negative electrode active material.
- the term “negative electrode active material” refers to a material that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction, at the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment includes lithium metal and a host material of lithium element (lithium ion or lithium metal).
- a lithium elemental host material means a material provided to retain lithium ions or lithium metal in the negative electrode 12 . Mechanisms for such retention include, but are not limited to, intercalation, alloying, and occlusion of metal clusters, typically intercalation.
- the negative electrode 12 since the negative electrode 12 does not have a negative electrode active material before the battery is initially charged, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 12, and the deposited lithium metal is electrolytically eluted. Charging and discharging are performed by Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment, the volume occupied by the negative electrode active material and the mass of the negative electrode active material are reduced compared to a lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode active material, and the volume and mass of the entire battery are reduced. In principle, the energy density is high because it is small.
- the negative electrode 12 does not have a negative electrode active material before initial charging of the battery, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode by charging the battery, and the deposited lithium metal is discharged by discharging the battery. is electrolytically eluted. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 1 of this embodiment, the negative electrode 12 functions as a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode has a host material of elemental lithium (lithium ion or lithium metal), and upon charging of the battery, such material is charged with elemental lithium, and the host material releases elemental lithium, thereby forming a battery. is discharged.
- LIB is different from the lithium secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has a lithium element host material.
- a lithium metal battery is manufactured using an electrode with lithium metal on its surface, or using lithium metal alone as a negative electrode. That is, the LMB differs from the lithium secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has lithium metal as the negative electrode active material immediately after the battery is assembled, that is, before the battery is initially charged.
- LMB uses an electrode containing lithium metal, which is highly flammable and reactive, in its manufacture, but the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is manufactured using a negative electrode that does not have lithium metal, so it is safer and It is excellent in productivity.
- the lithium secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment is superior in energy density and cycle characteristics as compared to LMB.
- the phrase "the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material” means that the negative electrode does not have or substantially does not have a negative electrode active material. That the negative electrode does not substantially contain a negative electrode active material means that the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is preferably 5.0% by mass or less, may be 1.0% by mass or less, or may be 0.1% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode. , 0.0% by mass or less.
- a lithium secondary battery including a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material means that the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material before initial charging of the battery. Therefore, the phrase “negative electrode without negative electrode active material” is equivalent to “negative electrode without negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery” and “negative electrode having a negative electrode active material other than lithium metal regardless of the state of charge of the battery.” In other words, the term “negative electrode that does not contain lithium metal before initial charge” or “negative electrode current collector that does not contain lithium metal before initial charge” or the like.
- the “lithium battery having a negative electrode without a negative electrode active material” may also be referred to as an anode-free lithium battery, a zero-anode lithium battery, or an anode-less lithium battery.
- the battery “before the initial charge” means the state from the time the battery is assembled to the time it is charged for the first time.
- the battery is "at the end of discharge” it means that the discharge reaction involving the positive electrode active material does not substantially occur even if the voltage of the battery is further reduced, and the voltage of the battery at that time is , for example 1.0-3.5V, 2.0-3.2V, or 2.5-3.0V.
- the content of the negative electrode active material other than lithium metal is 10% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, relative to the entire negative electrode, regardless of the state of charge of the battery. , 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, 0.0% by mass or less, or 0% by mass.
- the negative electrode 12 of the present embodiment has a lithium metal content of 10% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode before initial charging. It is 0% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode of the present embodiment particularly preferably does not contain lithium metal before initial charge, that is, the content of lithium metal is 0% by mass with respect to the entire negative electrode.
- the lithium metal content when the voltage of the battery is 2.5 V or more and 3.5 V or less, the lithium metal content may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode ( It is preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and may be 1.0% by mass or less.); , may be 10% by mass or less (preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and may be 1.0% by mass or less) relative to the entire negative electrode.
- the mass M of lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode is 4.2
- the ratio M 3.0 /M 4.2 of the mass M 3.0 of the lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, and still more preferably 20%. It is below.
- the ratio M 3.0 /M 4.2 may be 1.0% or more, 2.0% or more, 3.0% or more, or 4.0% or more. may be
- Examples of negative electrode active materials in this specification include lithium metal and alloys containing lithium metal, carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, and metals alloyed with lithium and alloys containing such metals.
- Examples of the carbon-based material include, but are not limited to, graphene, graphite, hard carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotube, and carbon nanohorn.
- Examples of the metal oxide include, but are not particularly limited to, titanium oxide-based compounds, tin oxide-based compounds, and cobalt oxide-based compounds.
- Examples of metals alloyed with lithium include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, and gallium.
- the negative electrode 12 is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a negative electrode active material and can be used as a current collector. and an electrode made of at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel (SUS), preferably Cu, Ni, and alloys thereof, and stainless steel (SUS) from the group consisting of At least one selected electrode may be used.
- SUS stainless steel
- SUS stainless steel
- the use of such a negative electrode tends to improve the energy density and productivity of the battery.
- the negative electrode 12 is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, alloys thereof, and stainless steel (SUS), more preferably Cu, Ni , and alloys thereof, and at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel (SUS).
- the negative electrode 12 is more preferably made of Cu, Ni, alloys thereof, or stainless steel (SUS). The use of such a negative electrode 12 tends to improve the energy density and productivity of the battery.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode 12 of the present embodiment is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an aspect, the volume occupied by the negative electrode in the lithium secondary battery is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 1 is further improved.
- the "average thickness” is the arithmetic average when the target member is enlarged and observed using a scanning electron microscope or an optical microscope, and the thickness of three or more portions is measured. means.
- the positive electrode 11 is not particularly limited as long as it has a positive electrode active material, as long as it is generally used in lithium secondary batteries, and known materials can be appropriately selected depending on the application of the lithium secondary battery. Since the positive electrode 11 includes a positive electrode active material, it has high stability and high output voltage. The positive electrode active material is formed on the surface of the positive electrode 11 as a positive electrode active material layer 11b.
- the term “positive electrode active material” refers to a substance that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction, at the positive electrode.
- a specific example is a host material of lithium element (typically lithium ion).
- the positive electrode active material in this specification is typically a substance that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction under the condition that the voltage of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is in the range of 3.0 to 4.2 V, or It is a substance that causes a redox reaction in the potential range of 3.0 to 4.2 V (vs. Li/Li + reference electrode).
- positive electrode active materials include, but are not limited to, metal oxides and metal phosphates.
- metal oxides include, but are not particularly limited to, cobalt oxide-based compounds, manganese oxide-based compounds, and nickel oxide-based compounds.
- metal phosphate include, but are not particularly limited to, iron phosphate-based compounds and cobalt phosphate-based compounds.
- the above positive electrode active materials are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode 11 may contain components other than the positive electrode active material described above. Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, known conductive aids, binders, solid polymer electrolytes, and inorganic solid electrolytes.
- the conductive aid in the positive electrode 11 is not particularly limited, but examples include carbon black, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanofibers (CF), and acetylene black.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic resin, and polyimide resin.
- the conductive aids and binders as described above may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode 11 may be, for example, 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less with respect to the entire positive electrode 11 .
- the blending amount at the time of manufacturing the positive electrode of the present embodiment and the content at the end of discharging of the battery are, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, and 1.0% with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode. It may be 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or 10% by mass or less.
- the blending amount at the time of manufacturing the positive electrode of the present embodiment and the content at the end of discharging of the battery are, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, and 1.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode. It may be 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or 10% by mass or less.
- the content at the time of manufacturing the positive electrode of the present embodiment and the content at the end of discharging of the battery are, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, and 1.0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode. It may be 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass or 10% by mass or less.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode of the present embodiment is, for example, 10 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode can be appropriately adjusted according to the desired battery capacity.
- the separator 13 of the present embodiment prevents the battery from short-circuiting by isolating the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12, while ensuring the ionic conductivity of the lithium ions that act as charge carriers between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12. It is a member for That is, the separator 13 has a function of isolating the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 and a function of ensuring ion conductivity of lithium ions. As such a separator, one type of member having the above two functions may be used alone, or two or more types of members having the above one function may be used in combination.
- the separator is not particularly limited as long as it performs the functions described above, and examples thereof include insulating porous members, polymer electrolytes, gel electrolytes, and inorganic solid electrolytes. at least one selected from the group consisting of a porous member, a polymer electrolyte, and a gel electrolyte.
- the separator 13 When the separator 13 includes an insulating porous member, the member exhibits ion conductivity by filling the pores of the member with an ion-conducting substance.
- Materials to be filled include electrolytic solutions, polymer electrolytes, and gel electrolytes.
- an insulating porous member, a polymer electrolyte, or a gel electrolyte can be used singly or in combination of two or more thereof.
- the lithium secondary battery when a porous member having insulating properties is used alone as a separator, the lithium secondary battery must further include an electrolytic solution in order to ensure ionic conductivity.
- the material constituting the insulating porous member is not particularly limited, but examples include insulating polymer materials, and specific examples include polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). . That is, the separator of this embodiment may be a porous polyethylene (PE) film, a porous polypropylene (PP) film, or a laminate structure thereof.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- the above polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte that mainly contains a polymer and an electrolyte, and a semi-solid polymer electrolyte that mainly contains a polymer, an electrolyte, and a plasticizer.
- the above gel electrolyte is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, those that mainly contain a polymer and a liquid electrolyte (that is, a solvent and an electrolyte).
- the polymers that the polymer electrolyte and gel electrolyte can contain are not particularly limited, but include, for example, polymers containing functional groups containing oxygen atoms such as ethers and esters, halogen groups, and polar groups such as cyano groups.
- resins having ethylene oxide units in the main chain and/or side chains such as polyethylene oxide (PEO), resins having propylene oxide units in the main chain and/or side chains such as polypropylene oxide (PPO) , acrylic resin, vinyl resin, ester resin, nylon resin, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysiloxane, polyphosphazene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polylactic acid, polyurethane, polyacetal , polysulfone, polyethylene carbonate, polypropylene carbonate, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PPO polypropylene oxide
- acrylic resin vinyl resin, ester resin, nylon resin, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysiloxane, polyphosphazene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polylactic acid,
- electrolytes contained in polymer electrolytes and gel electrolytes include salts of Li, Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
- the polymer electrolyte and the gel electrolyte comprise a lithium salt.
- lithium salts include, but are not limited to, LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiF, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN ( SO2CF3CF3 ) 2 , LiB ( O2C2H4 ) 2 , LiB ( C2O4 ) 2 , LiB ( O2C2H4 ) F2 , LiB ( OCOCF3 ) 4 , LiNO 3 and Li 2 SO 4 , preferably selected from the group consisting of LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 and LiN(SO 2 CF 3 CF 3 ) 2 At least one.
- the above salts or lithium salts may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the polymer and the lithium salt in the polymer electrolyte and gel electrolyte may be determined by the ratio of the polar groups of the polymer and the lithium atoms of the lithium salt.
- the compounding ratio of the polymer and the lithium salt is such that the above ratio ([Li]/[O]) is, for example, 0.02 or more and 0.20 or less, or 0.03 or more and 0.15 or less. , or can be adjusted to be 0.04 or more and 0.12 or less.
- the solvent contained in the gel electrolyte is not particularly limited.
- solvents that can be contained in the electrolytic solution described later can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Examples of preferred solvents are the same as those in the electrolytic solution to be described later.
- Plasticizers contained in semi-solid polymer electrolytes include, but are not limited to, components similar to solvents that may be contained in gel electrolytes, and various oligomers.
- the separator 13 of this embodiment may be covered with a separator covering layer.
- the separator coating layer may cover both sides of the separator 13, or may cover only one side.
- the separator coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a member that does not react with lithium ions, but it is preferable that the separator and the layer adjacent to the separator can be firmly adhered.
- Examples of such a separator coating layer include, but are not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a mixture of styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose (SBR-CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and lithium polyacrylate.
- Li-PAA polyimide
- PAI polyamideimide
- binders such as aramid.
- inorganic particles such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and lithium nitrate may be added to the binder.
- the average thickness of the separator 13 of the present embodiment is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an aspect, the volume occupied by the separator in the lithium secondary battery 1 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery is further improved. Also, the average thickness of the separator 13 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. According to such an aspect, the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 can be separated more reliably, and the short circuit of the battery can be further suppressed.
- the lithium secondary battery 1 further includes an electrolytic solution.
- An electrolytic solution is a liquid containing a solvent and an electrolyte, and has ionic conductivity.
- the electrolytic solution may be rephrased as a liquid electrolyte and acts as a conductive path for lithium ions. Therefore, when a lithium secondary battery contains an electrolyte, the internal resistance tends to be further reduced, and the energy density, capacity, and cycle characteristics tend to be further improved.
- the electrolytic solution may be impregnated into the separator 13 , and the lithium secondary battery 1 may be a finished lithium secondary battery 1 in which the electrolytic solution is enclosed together with the laminate of the negative electrode, the separator, the positive electrode, and the positive electrode current collector.
- the electrolytes that can be contained in the polymer electrolyte and the gel electrolyte, particularly the lithium salts described above can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred lithium salts are the same as in polymer electrolytes and gel electrolytes.
- non-aqueous solvents having fluorine atoms hereinafter referred to as "fluorinated solvents”
- non-fluorine solvents non-aqueous solvents having no fluorine atoms
- fluorinated solvent examples include, but are not limited to, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether and the like.
- Non-fluorine solvents include, but are not limited to, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, dimethoxybutane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and 12-crown-4 .
- the above fluorinated solvent and/or non-fluorinated solvent can be used singly or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the contents of the fluorinated solvent and the non-fluorinated solvent are not particularly limited. may be
- the exterior body 14 accommodates and hermetically seals the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, the separator 13, the electrolytic solution, and the like of the lithium secondary battery 1. As shown in FIG. A laminate film, for example, is used as the material of the exterior body 14 .
- the positive electrode terminal 15 has one end connected to the positive electrode 11, extends outside the exterior body 14, and has the other end connected to an external circuit (not shown).
- the negative electrode terminal 16 has one end connected to the negative electrode 12, extends outside the exterior body 14, and has the other end connected to an external circuit (not shown).
- Materials for the positive electrode terminal 15 and the negative electrode terminal 16 are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive, and examples thereof include Al and Ni.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 used conventional lithium secondary batteries in which the negative electrode contained a negative electrode active material. In these lithium secondary batteries, the negative electrode capacity was set to 350 mAh/g, and the NP ratio, which is the negative electrode/positive electrode capacity ratio, was set to 1.05. Comparative Examples 4 to 7 and Examples used lithium secondary batteries in which the negative electrode did not contain a negative electrode active material. A copper foil (Cu foil) was used for the negative electrode. The number of laminations in which sets of positive electrodes, separators, and negative electrodes were laminated was 25. The positive electrode per unit area capacity was 25 mg/cm 2 or 10 mg/cm 2 .
- the positive electrode active material capacity was set to 200 mAh/g, and the active material ratio was set to 97%.
- the positive electrode/negative electrode margin which is the distance between the edge of the positive electrode and the edge of the negative electrode, was set to 2 mm.
- the negative electrode/separator margin (margin), which is the distance between the negative electrode and the separator, was varied between 0 and 2.5 mm.
- the number of sides with margins other than 0 was varied from 0 to 4 as the number of sides with margins. That is, if the number of sides with margins is 4, margins are provided on all sides of the rectangle, and if the number of sides with margins is 1, margins are provided on only one of the four sides of the rectangle. show. While changing these conditions, the volumetric energy density (Wh/L) and the cell defect rate (%) were obtained as follows.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 used conventional lithium secondary batteries containing a negative electrode active material in the negative electrode. The conditions and experimental results of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.
- the volume energy density is 700 to 710, which is smaller than that of the lithium secondary battery 1 of the present embodiment in which the negative electrode described below does not contain a negative electrode active material.
- a margin of 2.5 mm was provided, and the cell defect rate was less than 0.001%.
- a margin of 0.5 mm was provided, and the cell defect rate was 0.02%.
- the margin was 0 and the cell defect rate was 5%.
- the cell defect rate increases as the margin is reduced.
- the margin was set to 0, the defect rate was high.
- the volume energy density was 1484 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was less than 0.001%.
- a margin of 0.5 mm was provided, the volume energy density was 1658 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was 0.003%.
- the margin was 0, the volume energy density was 1707 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was 0.009%.
- the volume energy density was 1129 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was less than 0.001%.
- a margin of 0.5 mm was provided, the volume energy density was 1261 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was 0.002%.
- the margin was 0, the volume energy density was 1298 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was 0.005%.
- Example 3 to 5 In Examples 3 to 5, as in Example 2, experiments were conducted while changing the number of sides with a margin from 1 to 3 while setting the positive electrode per-unit capacity to 10 mg/cm 2 .
- the margin on the side with the margin was 0.5 mm, and the margin on the side other than the side with the margin was 0.
- the conditions and experimental results of Examples 3 to 5 are shown in Table 4 below.
- the volume energy density of the lithium secondary battery of Example 3 was 1292 Wh/L, and the cell defect rate was 0.004%.
- a lithium secondary battery may have a current collector that is placed in contact with the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- the positive terminal and the negative terminal are connected to the current collector.
- the current collector is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, current collectors that can be used for negative electrode materials.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode themselves act as current collectors.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has excellent energy efficiency per unit volume and unit weight, so it has industrial applicability as a power storage device used for various purposes.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウム2次電池1の構成を示す平面図である。図2は、本発明の実施形態に係る、正極、負極、及びセパレータを含むリチウム2次電池1の一部を示す平面図である。図3は、リチウム2次電池1の断面の一部を示す図である。
負極12は、負極活物質を有しないものである。本明細書において、「負極活物質」とは、負極において電極反応、すなわち酸化反応及び還元反応を生じる物質である。具体的には、本実施形態の負極活物質としては、リチウム金属、及びリチウム元素(リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属)のホスト物質が挙げられる。リチウム元素のホスト物質とは、リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属を負極12に保持するために設けられる物質を意味する。そのような保持の機構としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、インターカレーション、合金化、及び金属クラスターの吸蔵等が挙げられ、典型的には、インターカレーションである。
正極11は、正極活物質を有する限り、一般的にリチウム2次電池に用いられるものであれば特に限定されず、リチウム2次電池の用途によって、公知の材料を適宜選択することができる。正極11は、正極活物質を有するため、安定性及び出力電圧が高い。正極活物質は、正極11の表面に正極活物質層11bとして形成される。
本実施形態のセパレータ13は、正極11と負極12とを隔離することにより電池が短絡することを防ぎつつ、正極11と負極12との間の電荷キャリアとなるリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保するための部材である。すなわち、セパレータ13は、正極11と負極12を隔離する機能、及びリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保する機能を有する。このようなセパレータとして、上記の2つの機能を有する1種の部材を単独で用いてもよいし、上記の1つの機能を有する部材を2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。セパレータとしては、上述した機能を担うものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、絶縁性を有する多孔質の部材、ポリマー電解質、ゲル電解質、及び無機固体電解質が挙げられ、典型的には絶縁性を有する多孔質の部材、ポリマー電解質、及びゲル電解質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。
半固体ポリマー電解質に含まれる可塑剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えばゲル電解質に含まれ得る溶媒と同様の成分、及び種々のオリゴマーが挙げられる。
リチウム2次電池1は、電解液を更に備えると好ましい。電解液は、溶媒及び電解質を含む液体であり、イオン伝導性を有する。電解液は、液体電解質と換言してもよく、リチウムイオンの導電経路として作用する。このため、リチウム2次電池が電解液を有すると、内部抵抗が一層低下し、エネルギー密度、容量、及びサイクル特性が一層向上する傾向にある。電解液は、セパレータ13に浸潤させてもよく、負極、セパレータ、正極及び正極集電体の積層体と共に電解液を封入したものをリチウム2次電池1の完成品としてもよい。
外装体14は、リチウム2次電池1の正極11、負極12、セパレータ13、及び電解液等を収容して密閉封止するものである。外装体14の材料は、例えば、ラミネートフィルムが用いられる。
正極端子15は、一端が正極11に接続され、外装体14の外部に延出して、他端が図示しない外部回路に接続される。負極端子16は、一端が負極12に接続され、外装体14の外部に延出して、他端が図示しない外部回路に接続される。正極端子15及び負極端子16の材料としては、導電性のあるものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、Al、またはNi等が挙げられる。
ここで、本実施形態のリチウム2次電池1と、従来のリチウム2次電池とのいずれか一方を用いて、平面視におけるセパレータ13の縁13aと負極12の縁12aとの距離であるマージンを変化させつつセルの不良率を求める実験を行った。なお、実施例は本実施形態のリチウム2次電池1を用いた実験であり、比較例は本実施形態のリチウム2次電池1と対比させるために行った実験である。
比較例1~3では、負極に負極活物質を含む従来のリチウム2次電池を用いた。比較例1~3の条件及び実験結果は次の表1のとおりである。
以降の比較例及び実施例では、負極に負極が負極活物質を含まないリチウム2次電池を用いている。正極目付容量を25mg/cm2とした比較例4~5及び実施例1の条件及び実験結果は次の表2のとおりである。
比較例6~7、及び実施例2では、正極目付容量を10mg/cm2とし、以下の条件及び実験結果は次の表3のとおりである。
実施例3~5では、実施例2と同様に正極目付容量を10mg/cm2とし、マージンのある辺数を1~3と変化させながら実験を行った。マージンのある辺でのマージンは0.5mmとし、マージンのある辺以外の辺ではマージンを0とした。実施例3~5の条件及び実験結果は次の表4のとおりである。
上記実施形態は、本発明を説明するための例示であり、本発明をその実施形態のみに限定する趣旨ではなく、本発明は、その要旨を逸脱しない限り、様々な変形が可能である。
Claims (9)
- 正極と、
負極活物質を有しない負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されたセパレータと、を備え、
前記負極の縁の少なくとも一部と、当該負極の一部の縁に対応する前記セパレータの縁とが平面視において同じ位置に配置されている、
リチウム2次電池。 - 前記負極及び前記セパレータがそれぞれ矩形状である、請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極の少なくとも一辺は、当該負極の一辺に対応する前記セパレータの辺と平面視で同じ位置に配置されている、請求項2に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極の前記少なくとも一辺以外の他の辺は、当該負極の他の辺に対応する前記セパレータの他の辺よりも平面視において内側に位置する、請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極の前記他の辺と、前記セパレータの前記対応する他の辺との平面視での距離が0.3mm以上5.0mm以下である、請求項4に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記負極の4辺と前記セパレータの4辺とが平面視で同じ位置に配置されている、請求項2に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 平面視において、前記正極の縁は、前記負極の対応する縁よりも内側に位置する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記正極の縁と、前記負極の対応する縁との平面視での距離が0.3mm以上である、請求項7に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 正極と、
負極活物質を有しない負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されたセパレータと、
前記正極、前記負極、及び前記セパレータを封入する外装体と、を備え、
前記セパレータの少なくとも一部の縁、及び当該一部の縁と同じ側の前記負極の縁が、対向する前記外装体の内壁から同じ距離にある、
リチウム2次電池。
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WO2007072713A1 (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-28 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | 電池又はキャパシタ用金属リチウム箔 |
JP2011187265A (ja) * | 2010-03-08 | 2011-09-22 | Hitachi Maxell Energy Ltd | 扁平形非水二次電池およびその製造方法 |
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