WO2022254671A1 - 付加製造装置および付加製造方法 - Google Patents
付加製造装置および付加製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022254671A1 WO2022254671A1 PCT/JP2021/021243 JP2021021243W WO2022254671A1 WO 2022254671 A1 WO2022254671 A1 WO 2022254671A1 JP 2021021243 W JP2021021243 W JP 2021021243W WO 2022254671 A1 WO2022254671 A1 WO 2022254671A1
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- bead
- manufacturing apparatus
- layer
- additional manufacturing
- additive manufacturing
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0823—Devices involving rotation of the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an additive manufacturing apparatus and an additive manufacturing method for manufacturing a three-dimensional model.
- additive manufacturing a technology called additive manufacturing (AM) is known as a technology for manufacturing three-dimensional objects.
- AM additive manufacturing
- the direct energy deposition (DED) method has a faster modeling time and easier switching of laminated materials compared to other methods.
- the base material There is an advantage that there are few restrictions on the base material.
- the DED method consumes less material than the other methods because the amount of material consumed is limited to the amount used for manufacturing the modeled object.
- the DED additive manufacturing apparatus can use both powder and wire as materials by appropriately changing the configuration of the processing head.
- the welding wire which is a ready-made product, can be used, so that the procurement cost of the material can be suppressed and the material can be easily procured.
- the deposition system of Patent Literature 1 includes a raw material feeder, an energy source for producing a welding energy beam having a cross-sectional area, and a metal feedstock.
- the deposition system deposits linear metallic feedstock on the outer surface of the structure by directing less than 30% of the cross-sectional area of the welding energy beam into one of the linear rows currently being deposited. I am letting
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to obtain an additive manufacturing apparatus capable of easily forming an inclined wall.
- An additive manufacturing apparatus for modeling a modeled object comprising: a material supply unit that supplies a modeling material to a processing area of an addition target surface; an irradiation unit that melts the modeling material by irradiating the processing area with a laser beam; and a control device for controlling the forming of the oblique model by controlling the material supply unit and the irradiation unit.
- the control device After laminating the lower bead layer, which is the bead layer having the first bead and the second bead deposited thereon, the control device deposits the bead having the third bead and the fourth bead deposited on the upper surface of the lower bead layer. Laminate the upper bead layer, which is a layer. When laminating the upper bead layer, the control device forms the third bead on the upper surface of the lower bead layer, and then forms the fourth bead in contact with the upper surface of the lower bead layer and the side surface of the third bead. A portion of the bottom surface of the fourth bead is formed at a position not in contact with the lower bead layer.
- the additional manufacturing device has the effect of being able to easily form an inclined wall.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an additive manufacturing apparatus according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. Schematic diagram showing a state of processing by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a control device included in the additive manufacturing device according to the first embodiment; 4 is a flowchart showing operation processing procedures of the additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; Schematic diagram showing a tilted model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an inclined model formed on an inclined base material by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; The figure explaining the inclined model which the addition manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example formed.
- 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an additive manufacturing system according to a first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a modeled object formed by combining oblique modeled objects by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment;
- 10 is a flowchart showing operation processing procedures of the additive manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment; Schematic diagram showing a tilted model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- 10 is a flowchart showing operation processing procedures of the additive manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a tilted model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment;
- 10 is a flow chart showing an operation processing procedure when the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment forms a bead-shaped bead;
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining a method for manufacturing a bead-shaped bead manufactured by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a tilted model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment;
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an additional manufacturing apparatus according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a state of processing by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the processing area 26 by the additional manufacturing apparatus 100. As shown in FIG.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 is a machine tool that manufactures a three-dimensional object, which is a three-dimensional three-dimensional object, by additive processing in which a material melted by beam irradiation is added to the addition target surface of the workpiece.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 forms an inclined modeled object, which is a modeled object that is inclined in an oblique direction from the vertical direction with respect to the addition target surface of the workpiece to which the modeling material is added.
- the beam is the laser beam 24, and the modeling material is the wire 5, which is a wire-shaped metallic material.
- the modeling material may be a material other than metal.
- the modeling material may have a shape and material that can be supplied to the processing position as a filament material and melted to form a bead.
- the modeling material may be, for example, a material that has a certain degree of rigidity and that can be supplied to a target position without drooping significantly up to a certain length when the material is pulled out and the end is held.
- Examples of the shape of the wire 5 include a shape in which two wires are twisted together, a shape with a non-circular cross-sectional shape, and a shape including small projections in a direction perpendicular to the wire.
- the modeling material may have a shape other than a wire shape.
- the build material may be, for example, powdered metal or powdered resin.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 forms deposits 18 of metal material on the surface of the base material 17 by depositing a plurality of beads on the base material 17 .
- a bead is an object or deposit 18 formed by solidification of the molten wire 5 .
- the base material 17 is placed on the stage 15 .
- the work piece is the object to which the molten material is applied and shall refer to the base material 17 or deposit 18 .
- a build refers to the deposit 18 after finishing the application of material according to the machining program.
- the base material 17 shown in FIG. 1 is a plate material.
- the base material 17 may be a material other than a plate material.
- the additive manufacturing device 100 has a processing head 10 that moves with respect to the workpiece.
- the processing head 10 has a beam nozzle 11 , a wire nozzle 12 and a gas nozzle 13 .
- the beam nozzle 11 emits a laser beam 24 toward the workpiece.
- a laser beam 24 is a heat source that melts the wire 5 .
- the wire nozzle 12 advances the wire 5 toward the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece.
- the gas nozzle 13 jets a shielding gas toward the workpiece for suppressing oxidation of the deposits 18 and for cooling beads such as bead-shaped beads.
- the beam nozzle 11, the wire nozzle 12, and the gas nozzle 13 are fixed to the processing head 10, thereby uniquely determining their positional relationship. That is, the processing head 10 fixes the relative positions of the beam nozzle 11 , the gas nozzle 13 and the wire nozzle 12 .
- a laser oscillator 2 as a beam source oscillates a laser beam 24 .
- a laser beam 24 from the laser oscillator 2 propagates to the processing head 10 through the fiber cable 3, which is an optical transmission line.
- the laser oscillator 2, the fiber cable 3, and the processing head 10 constitute an irradiation section for irradiating the workpiece with a laser beam 24 for melting the wire 5. As shown in FIG.
- the laser beam 24 irradiated from the beam nozzle 11 to the workpiece and the central axis CW of the wire 5 may be non-coaxial or coaxial.
- a doughnut-shaped donut beam is used as the laser beam 24, or a laser beam split into a plurality of beams is used as the laser beam 24, so that the workpiece is irradiated from the beam nozzle 11. It is possible to arrange the laser beam 24 and the central axis CW of the wire 5 coaxially. In the first embodiment, a case where the laser beam 24 irradiated from the beam nozzle 11 to the workpiece and the central axis CW of the wire 5 are non-coaxial will be described.
- the gas supply device 7 supplies the inert gas 25 to the gas nozzle 13 through the pipe 8.
- the gas supply device 7 , the pipe 8 , and the gas nozzle 13 constitute a gas supply section for ejecting the inert gas 25 to the processing area 26 .
- the wire spool 6 around which the wire 5 is wound is the source of material.
- the wire 5 is let out from the wire spool 6 by rotating the wire spool 6 as a rotary motor 4, which is a servomotor, is driven.
- the wire 5 unwound from the wire spool 6 is passed through the wire nozzle 12 and supplied to the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 moves the wire 5 supplied to the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 to the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 by rotating the rotary motor 4 in the opposite direction to the direction in which the wire 5 is let out from the wire spool 6 .
- the rotary motor 4, the wire spool 6, and the wire nozzle 12 constitute a wire supply section 19, which is a material supply section.
- the wire nozzle 12 may be provided with an operation mechanism for pulling out the wire 5 from the wire spool 6 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can supply the wire 5 to the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 by providing at least one of the rotating motor 4 of the wire spool 6 and the operation mechanism of the wire nozzle 12 .
- illustration of the operation mechanism of the wire nozzle 12 is omitted.
- the head driving device 14 moves the machining head 10 in each of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction.
- the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are three axes perpendicular to each other.
- the X and Y axes are horizontally parallel axes.
- the Z-axis direction is the vertical direction.
- the head driving device 14 includes a servo motor that constitutes an operation mechanism for moving the processing head 10 in the X-axis direction, a servo motor that constitutes an operation mechanism for moving the processing head 10 in the Y-axis direction, and a servomotor that constitutes an operation mechanism for moving the machining head 10 in the Z-axis direction.
- the head driving device 14 is an operating mechanism that enables translational motion in each of the directions of three axes. In FIG. 1, illustration of each servo motor is omitted.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can move the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece by moving the processing head 10 with the head driving device 14 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 may move the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece by moving the stage 15 .
- the beam nozzle 11 advances the laser beam 24 from the beam nozzle 11 in the Z-axis direction.
- the wire nozzle 12 is provided at a position apart from the beam nozzle 11 within the XY plane, and advances the wire 5 in a direction oblique to the Z axis.
- the wire nozzle 12 may be fixed in the machining head 10 in a different direction so that the wire 5 advances in a direction parallel to the Z-axis.
- a wire nozzle 12 limits the advance of the wire 5 so that the wire 5 is fed to the desired position.
- the gas nozzle 13 is provided coaxially with the beam nozzle 11 on the outer peripheral side of the beam nozzle 11 in the XY plane, and is arranged irregularly along the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 emitted from the beam nozzle 11. Active gas 25 is jetted out. That is, the beam nozzle 11 and the gas nozzle 13 are arranged coaxially with each other. Note that the gas nozzle 13 may jet the inert gas 25 in a direction oblique to the Z-axis. That is, the gas nozzle 13 may jet the inert gas 25 in a direction oblique to the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 emitted from the beam nozzle 11 .
- the rotation mechanism 16 is an operation mechanism that enables rotation of the stage 15 about a first axis and rotation of the stage 15 about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis.
- the first axis is parallel to the X-axis and the second axis is parallel to the Y-axis.
- the rotation mechanism 16 has a servomotor that constitutes an operation mechanism for rotating the stage 15 about the first axis, and a servomotor that constitutes an operation mechanism for rotating the stage 15 about the second axis.
- the rotating mechanism 16 is an operating mechanism that enables rotational motion about each of two axes. In FIG. 1, illustration of each servo motor is omitted.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can change the posture or position of the workpiece by rotating the stage 15 using the rotation mechanism 16 . That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can move the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 on the workpiece by rotating the stage 15 . By using the rotation mechanism 16, the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can also form a complex shape having a tapered shape.
- the control device 1 controls the additional manufacturing device 100 according to the machining program.
- the control device 1 is, for example, a numerical control device.
- the control device 1 controls the material supply section, the irradiation section, and the gas supply section to form a modeled object using a plurality of bead-like beads formed by melting the wire 5 .
- the control device 1 controls driving of the head driving device 14 by outputting a movement command to the head driving device 14 . Thereby, the control device 1 causes the head driving device 14 to move the processing head 10 to control the position of the processing head 10 .
- the control device 1 controls laser oscillation by the laser oscillator 2 by outputting to the laser oscillator 2 a command corresponding to beam output conditions such as beam intensity.
- the control device 1 controls the driving of the rotary motor 4 by outputting a command to the rotary motor 4 according to the condition of the material supply amount.
- the control device 1 adjusts the speed of the wire 5 moving from the wire spool 6 toward the irradiation position by controlling the drive of the rotary motor 4 .
- speed may be referred to as feed speed.
- the feed rate represents the amount of material fed per hour.
- the control device 1 controls the amount of the inert gas 25 supplied from the gas supply device 7 to the gas nozzle 13 by outputting a command according to the gas supply amount condition to the gas supply device 7 .
- the control device 1 controls driving of the rotating mechanism 16 by outputting a rotation command to the rotating mechanism 16 . That is, the control device 1 controls the entire additive manufacturing device 100 by outputting various commands. In this manner, the control device 1 causes the additional manufacturing device 100 to form a bead by controlling the wire supply section 19, the irradiation section, the gas supply section, the head drive device 14, and the rotation mechanism 16.
- a modeled object is formed by depositing a molten wire 21 in a processing area 26 using a laser beam 24 emitted from a beam nozzle 11 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 supplies the wire 5 to the processing area 26 and irradiates the wire 5 with the laser beam 24, as shown in FIG.
- the addition target surface 22, which is the surface of the base material 17 or the surface of the deposit 18, is melted to form a molten pool 23. Then, in the processing region 26 , the molten wire 21 generated by melting the wire 5 is welded to the molten pool 23 .
- the additional target surface 22 is a processing target surface for additional processing on which the melted wire 21 is welded to form the deposit 18 .
- the processing region 26 is a processing target region in which additional processing is performed on the addition target surface 22 .
- Additive manufacturing equipment 100 deposits fused wire 21 in processing area 26 .
- the additional manufacturing device 100 changes the position of the processing area 26 by interlocking the head driving device 14 and the rotation mechanism 16 to move the processing head 10 and the stage 15 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can obtain a modeled object having a desired shape.
- control device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is realized by executing a control program, which is a program for controlling the additive manufacturing device 100, by hardware.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of the control device of the additional manufacturing device according to the first embodiment.
- the control device 1 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 41 that executes various processes, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 42 that includes a data storage area, and a ROM (Read Only Memory) 43 that is a non-volatile memory. there is
- the control device 1 also has an external storage device 44 and an input/output interface 45 for inputting information to and outputting information from the control device 1 .
- Each unit shown in FIG. 3 is interconnected via a bus 46 .
- the CPU 41 executes control programs stored in the ROM 43 or the external storage device 44 . Overall control of the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 by the control device 1 is realized using the CPU 41 .
- the external storage device 44 is a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or an SSD (Solid State Drive).
- the external storage device 44 stores control programs and various data.
- the ROM 43 contains a boot loader such as BIOS (Basic Input Output System) or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), which is a program for basic control of the computer or controller that is the control device 1, and is software that controls hardware. Or the program is stored. Note that the control program may be stored in the ROM 43 .
- the CPU 41 develops a control program in the RAM 42 and executes various processes.
- the input/output interface 45 is an interface for connecting the control device 1 to an external device. A machining program is input to the input/output interface 45 . Also, the input/output interface 45 outputs various commands.
- the control device 1 may have input devices such as a keyboard and pointing device, and output devices such as a display.
- the control program may be a program stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
- the control device 1 may store the control program stored in the storage medium in the external storage device 44 .
- the storage medium may be a portable storage medium such as a flexible disk, or a flash memory such as a semiconductor memory.
- the control program may be installed from another computer or server device to the computer or controller serving as the control device 1 via a communication network.
- the functions of the control device 1 may be realized by a processing circuit that is dedicated hardware for controlling the additional manufacturing device 100 .
- the processing circuit is a single circuit, a composite circuit, a programmed processor, a parallel programmed processor, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof.
- a part of the functions of the control device 1 may be realized by dedicated hardware, and another part may be realized by software or firmware.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an operation processing procedure of the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an oblique model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment
- the inclined model 500 is formed by laminating the inclined bead layers 351 extending in the plus Y direction in the plus Z direction.
- the inclined structure 500 is shifted in the plus Y direction as it goes to the upper layer.
- the inclined structure 500 is inclined in the plus Y direction.
- the tilt angle which is the angle formed by the tilt model 500 and the positive Z direction, is illustrated as the tilt angle A1.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a base bead layer 251 composed of the base bead 201 on the addition target surface 22 of the base material 17 (step S10).
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 supplies the wire 5 to the irradiation position while the laser beam 24 is being irradiated onto the addition target surface 22, and at the same time drives the processing head 10 using the control device 1, whereby the base bead is formed.
- 201 is formed. Since the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 welds the wire 5 while driving the processing head 10, the shape of the base bead 201 becomes linear. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 welds the wire 5 while moving the processing head 10 linearly, thereby forming the base bead 201 while connecting it linearly.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 repeats the formation of the base bead 201 to form the base bead layer 251 of desired shape and size (step S20).
- the base bead 201 has a linear shape when viewed from above in the XY plane.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 may form the base bead 201 in a straight line or in a curved line. Further, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 may form the base bead layer 251 with one base bead 201 or may form the base bead layer 251 with a plurality of base beads 201 . When forming the base bead layer 251 with a plurality of base beads 201, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base so that the base bead 201 formed immediately before and the base bead 201 formed next are connected to each other. A bead 201 is formed.
- each base bead 201 is arranged so as to line up in one line.
- FIG. 5 shows a case where two base beads 201 are formed to line up in a line extending in the Y-axis direction on the addition target surface 22 .
- the base bead layer 251 may refer to the first layer of the inclined structure 500 formed on the addition target surface 22, or may refer to the base structure 400 described later for depositing the tilted structure 501 described later. It may point.
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 starts forming the inclined bead layer 351 shown in FIG. step S30).
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a first inclined bead layer 351 as a layer one layer above the base bead layer 251, as shown in FIG. 5, for example.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 sequentially forms the inclined beads as the first inclined bead layer 351 from the position opposite to the plus Y direction, which is the inclination direction. That is, the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 sequentially forms inclined beads extending in the positive Y direction from the negative Y direction.
- FIG. 5 shows a case where the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 first forms the first inclined bead 301 a when forming the inclined bead layer 351 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead 301 a such that the bottom surface of the first inclined bead 301 a is connected to the top surface of the base bead 201 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the necessary number of inclined beads as the first inclined bead layer 351 along the plus Y direction, which is the inclination direction (step S40). That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 inserts the necessary number of inclined beads ( hereinafter referred to as an intermediate oblique bead).
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 forms the first intermediate inclined bead so that the first intermediate inclined bead is connected to the base bead 201 and the first inclined bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 performs the L-th (L is a natural number of 2 or more) intermediate inclined bead so that the L-th intermediate inclined bead is connected to the base bead 201 and the (L ⁇ 1)th intermediate inclined bead. Form a slanted bead.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead 301a and each intermediate inclined bead so that the first inclined bead 301a and each intermediate inclined bead are linearly connected on the base bead layer 251 when viewed from above in the XY plane. Form a bead.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead layer 351 by forming the second inclined bead 301b located on the most inclined direction side among the first layer inclined beads (step S50).
- the height of the first inclined bead 301a and the height of the second inclined bead 301b are the same.
- the second inclined bead 301b is arranged in the plus Y direction relative to the base bead 201. As shown in FIG. That is, the second inclined bead 301 b is arranged on the base bead 201 so that the maximum value of the Y coordinate of the second inclined bead 301 b is larger than the maximum value of the Y coordinate of the base bead 201 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301 b at a position protruding from the base bead 201 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301 b at a position where a part of the bottom surface of the second inclined bead 301 b does not contact the top surface of the base bead 201 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead layer 351, the first inclined bead 301a is formed, and then the second inclined bead, which is the last inclined bead, is formed. 301b is formed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b at a position contacting the upper surface of the base bead 201 and the side surface of the first inclined bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 connects the second inclined bead 301b to the base bead 201 and the first inclined bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b at a position contacting the upper surface of the base bead 201 and the side surface of the intermediate inclined bead. In other words, when the intermediate inclined bead is formed, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 connects the second inclined bead 301b to the base bead 201 and the intermediate inclined bead.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 After forming the first inclined bead layer 351, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second and subsequent inclined bead layers 351 by the same process as the first inclined bead layer 351. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the (N+1)-th inclined bead layer 351 as a layer above the N-th (N is a natural number) inclined bead layer 351 . In this case, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 sequentially forms inclined beads as the (N+1)-th inclined bead layer 351 from the position opposite to the plus Y direction, which is the inclination direction. After that, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the necessary number of intermediate inclined beads as the (N+1)-th inclined bead layer 351 along the plus Y direction, which is the inclination direction. Then, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the (N+1)-th inclined bead layer 351 by finally forming the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b at the position where it contacts the upper surface of the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer and the side surface of the first inclined bead 301a of the (N+1)-th layer.
- the (N+1)-th layer of the second inclined bead 301b is formed.
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 connects the (N+1)-th layer second inclined bead 301b to the N-th layer second inclined bead 301b and the (N+1)-th layer first inclined bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 attaches the (N+1)-th bead to the position in contact with the upper surface of the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer and the side surface of the intermediate inclined bead of the N-th layer. ) forming the second inclined bead 301b in the second layer.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 replaces the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer with the second inclined bead 301b of the Nth layer and the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer. Connect to the intermediate sloping bead.
- the (N+1)-th layer second inclined bead 301b is arranged in the plus Y direction from the N-th layer second inclined bead 301b. That is, the (N+1)th layer is arranged such that the maximum value of the Y coordinate of the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer is larger than the maximum value of the Y coordinate of the second inclined bead 301b of the Nth layer. are arranged on the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer at a position protruding from the second inclined bead 301b of the Nth layer.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer so that a part of the bottom surface of the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer becomes the second inclined bead 301b of the Nth layer. It is formed at a position that does not contact the upper surface of the bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 repeats the formation of the inclined bead layer 351 to form the inclined molded article 500 having the desired shape and size (step S60).
- the first inclined bead 301a of the N-th layer is the first bead
- the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer is the second bead.
- the first inclined bead 301a of the (N+1)th layer is the third bead
- the second inclined bead 301b of the (N+1)th layer is the fourth bead.
- the intermediate inclined bead formed last among the intermediate inclined beads of the N-th layer is the first bead
- the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer is the second bead.
- the intermediate inclined bead formed last among the (N+1)-th layer intermediate inclined beads is the third bead
- the (N+1)-th layer second inclined bead 301b is the third bead.
- the Nth inclined bead layer 351 is the lower bead layer, and the (N+1)th inclined bead layer 351 is the upper bead layer.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the inclined bead layer 351 without the inclined bead layer 351 sagging significantly in the direction of gravity. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the inclined bead layer 351 without the second inclined bead 301b sagging significantly in the direction of gravity by forming the inclined bead layer 351 by such a method.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 does not have a sufficiently large base bead layer 251 or inclined bead layer 351 directly below the second inclined bead 301b, and the second inclined bead 301b partially protrudes.
- the inclined bead layer 351 can be formed without the second inclined bead 301b hanging down even in the case of being suspended in the air.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an inclined model formed on an inclined base material by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the base material 17 is composed of a plate-like member, and the upper surface of the plate-like member is inclined from the horizontal XY plane.
- the rotation mechanism 16 tilts the base member 17 by rotating the stage 15 .
- the upper layer base material 31 has a shape in which a groove 38 is provided in a part of a rectangular parallelepiped.
- the bottom surface of the upper layer base member 31 is joined to the upper surface of the base member 17 , and the upper surface of the upper layer base member 31 is provided with a groove 38 .
- the top surface of the upper layer base material 31 is parallel to the top surface of the base material 17 . That is, the upper surface of the upper layer base material 31 is inclined from the horizontal XY plane. Therefore, the upper surface of the rectangular parallelepiped region in which the groove 38 is formed is also inclined from the XY plane.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the inclined model 501 so as to cover the groove 38 provided in the upper layer base material 31 .
- the top surface of the rectangular parallelepiped region in which the grooves 38 are formed is the addition target surface 22 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 creates a base modeled object 400 on the upper surface of the upper layer base material 31, and forms an inclined modeled object 501 using the base modeled object 400 as a base. Specifically, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base molded article 400 for depositing the tilted molded article 501 by laminating the base bead layer 251 composed of the plurality of base beads 201 in the Z-axis direction. Keep In this way, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base modeled object 400 as necessary.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 places the first inclined bead 301a on the base model 400 on the opposite side of the inclined bead layer 351 toward the positive Y direction, which is the inclined direction.
- the additional manufacturing device 100 forms the required number of intermediate inclined beads on the extension line of the first inclined bead 301a.
- FIG. 6 shows a case where the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the intermediate inclined bead 310 on the extension line of the first inclined bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b located on the most inclined side in the inclined bead layer 351 in the plus Y direction, which is the inclined direction.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms each inclined bead such that the inclined beads from the first inclined bead 301a to the second inclined bead 301b are linearly connected. As a result, the inclined bead layer 351 is linearly formed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 repeats the process of forming the inclined bead layer 351 extending in the plus Y direction from the lower layer side on the upper side of the inclined bead layer 351, thereby producing the inclined molded objects 500 and 501 having desired shapes and sizes. make. As a result, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the inclined molded objects 500 and 501 without drooping significantly in the direction of gravity even when the molding direction is inclined.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an oblique model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example sequentially stacks the beads 101 one by one when forming the oblique model 510 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example stacks the beads 101 while gradually shifting them in the plus Y direction, which is the tilt direction. That is, in the additive manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example, when forming the (M+1)-th bead 101 as a layer above the M-th (M is a natural number) bead 101, the (M+1)-th layer is the M-th layer.
- the (M+1)th layer is formed so as to be on the plus Y side of the layer.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example increases the amount of displacement of the bead 101 in order to increase the inclination angle A1
- the area of contact between the laminated bead 101 and the bead 101 in the lower layer becomes smaller.
- the force drawn in the negative Z direction by gravity becomes greater than the force drawn in the direction parallel to the XY plane by surface tension, and the bead 101 hangs downward.
- Formula (1) means that the smaller the bond number Bo, the stronger the surface tension compared to gravity. Comparing the strength of gravity and the strength of surface tension, as shown in formula (1), the strength of gravity and the strength of surface tension depend on the physical property values of individual materials to be shaped or the size of beads. be done. For example, if the additive manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example uses nickel-based alloys, titanium alloys, stainless alloys, etc., which are often used in additive manufacturing apparatuses for metals, and sets the inclination angle A1 to 60 degrees or more, the It has been found that the sagging cannot be prevented, and the shape of the oblique model 501 is lost.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus of the comparative example can prevent drooping due to gravity. It has been found that the shape of the oblique model 501 collapses.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1 forms the second inclined bead 301b so as to be connected to the first inclined bead 301a or the intermediate inclined bead 310, it is possible to prevent the shape of the inclined model 500 from collapsing.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an additive manufacturing system according to the first embodiment;
- the additive manufacturing system 200 includes an additive manufacturing device 100 and a machine learning device 120 .
- the machine learning device 120 is connected to the control device 1 of the additional manufacturing device 100.
- the machine learning device 120 is a state observation unit that acquires the conditions of additive manufacturing, the scattered light during additive manufacturing, the load applied to the wire 5 during additive manufacturing, the height of the inclined molded objects 500 and 501, and other states as state quantities. 71 and a learning unit 72 for learning the relationship between the additive manufacturing conditions and the additive manufacturing results based on the state quantity.
- Examples of conditions for additive manufacturing include the material of the modeling material, the angle of inclination, the interval or width of the first inclined bead 301a or the second inclined bead 301b, the parameters set in the gas supply device 7, and the parameters set in the laser oscillator 2.
- parameters for the drive axis such as the scanning speed of the laser beam 24 .
- Parameters set in the laser oscillator 2 are, for example, laser output, beam diameter, and the like.
- processing results include the size of the sagging of the second inclined bead 301b, the measurement result of the shape of the inclined molded article 500 that is the final molded article, and the measurement result of the temperature during molding.
- control device 1 may include a learned learner that uses the results of the learning performed by the learning unit 72 described above.
- results of learning include a model obtained by learning, data obtained by learning, and the like.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 may form a tunnel-shaped shaped article having a hollow structure by combining the inclined shaped articles 500 .
- 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a modeled object formed by combining oblique modeled objects by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; FIG.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form a tunnel-shaped inclined structure 502 having a hollow structure by combining two or more of the inclined structures 500 described above. In this case, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms each tilted article 500 such that the uppermost tilted bead layer 351 of each tilted article 500 is connected.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 connects the tilted article 500 whose tilt direction is in the positive Y direction and the tilted article 500 whose tilt direction is in the negative Y direction with the tilted bead layer 351 of the uppermost layer to create a tunnel-like structure. to form the oblique model 502 of . That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 attaches the +Y direction end of the uppermost layer of the inclined modeled article 500 whose inclination direction is the positive Y direction, and the negative Y direction end of the uppermost layer of the inclined modeled article 500 whose inclination direction is the negative Y direction.
- a tunnel-like angled feature 502 is formed by connecting at the ends of the direction.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 connects the second inclined bead 301b to the first inclined bead 301a and the second inclined bead 301b to the lower layer side inclined bead 301b.
- a second inclined bead 301 b is formed at a position not in contact with the bead layer 351 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can prevent the second inclined bead 301b, which is the deposited molten bead, from sagging due to the action of gravity. Therefore, the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can easily form inclined walls with a simple configuration without strictly controlling the irradiation position of the laser beam 24, and can accurately form the inclined objects 500 to 502. becomes possible.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base molded article 400 when forming the inclined molded article 501 in the depression or groove, so the depression or groove is sealed.
- a tilted feature 501 can be formed.
- Embodiment 2 Next, Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. in the second embodiment the last inclined bead in the inclined bead layer 351 is formed by laminating a plurality of beads.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the second embodiment has the same configuration as the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing operation processing procedures of the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an oblique model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment; Among the processes shown in FIG. 10, descriptions of the same processes as those described with reference to FIG. 4 will be omitted.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 executes the processes from steps S10 to S40 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. After that, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301b positioned closest to the inclination direction among the first-layer inclined beads (step S110).
- the additional manufacturing equipment 100 forms the second oblique bead 301b so that the second oblique bead 301b is connected to the base bead 201 and the first oblique bead 301a.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second inclined bead 301 b so that the second inclined bead 301 b is connected to the base bead 201 and the intermediate inclined bead 310 .
- the second inclined bead 301b in the second embodiment is thinner than the second inclined bead 301b in the first embodiment. That is, the height of second inclined bead 301b in the second embodiment is lower than the height of second inclined bead 301b in the first embodiment.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead layer 351 by forming the third inclined bead 301c above the second inclined bead 301b (in the plus Z direction) (step S120). That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the third inclined bead 301c so as to cover the upper surface of the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the last inclined bead of the inclined bead layer 351 by laminating the third inclined bead 301c on the upper side of the second inclined bead 301b. do.
- the combined height of the second inclined bead 301b and the third inclined bead 301c is the same as the height of the first inclined bead 301a.
- the length (width) of the third inclined bead 301c in the plus Y direction is longer than the length of the second inclined bead 301b in the plus Y direction.
- the third slanted bead 301c extends in the plus Y direction more than the second slanted bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 adjusts the third bead 301c so that the third bead 301c contacts the base bead 201, the first bead 301a, and the second bead 301b.
- An inclined bead 301c is formed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the third inclined bead 301c such that the third inclined bead 301c is connected to the base bead 201, the intermediate inclined bead 310, and the second inclined bead 301b.
- An inclined bead 301c is formed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 After forming the first inclined bead layer 351, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the second and subsequent inclined bead layers 351 by the same process as the first inclined bead layer 351.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 repeats the formation of the inclined bead layer 351 to form the inclined molded article 503 having the desired shape and size (step S130). In this way, the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the slanted slanted product 503 using two beads, the second slanted bead 301b and the third slanted bead 301c.
- the first inclined bead 301a of the Nth layer is the first bead
- the second inclined bead 301b and the third inclined bead 301c of the Nth layer are the second bead.
- the first inclined bead 301a of the (N+1)th layer is the third bead
- the second inclined bead 301b and the third inclined bead 301c of the (N+1)th layer are the third bead. 4 beads.
- the intermediate inclined bead 310 formed last among the intermediate inclined beads 310 of the N-th layer is the first bead, and the second inclined bead 301b of the N-th layer and the third inclined bead 301b are formed last.
- Bead 301c is the second bead.
- the intermediate inclined bead 310 formed last among the (N+1)-th layer intermediate inclined beads 310 is the third bead, and the (N+1)-th layer second inclined bead 310 is the third bead.
- the bead 301b and the third inclined bead 301c are the fourth bead.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can laminate the second inclined bead 301b without sagging due to the force drawn from the surrounding beads, as described in the first embodiment. However, depending on the type of metal, it may be difficult to completely prevent the second inclined bead 301b from flowing into the space below the second inclined bead 301b. Even in this case, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the second embodiment can form the third inclined bead 301c by the amount that flows under the second inclined bead 301b. In this case, the bead height of the second inclined bead 301b is lower than the bead height of the first inclined bead 301a, which is the peripheral bead. can. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the third inclined bead 301c to correct the lowered portion of the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can prevent the second inclined bead 301b from sagging by the same effect as in the first embodiment. No need to stack up to It is sufficient for the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 to form the third inclined bead 301c having a height about half the height of the second inclined bead 301b on the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 increases the scanning speed of the laser beam 24 and slows down the supply speed of the wire 5 when laminating the third inclined bead 301c having a height about half that of the second inclined bead 301b. control. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 makes the scanning speed of the laser beam 24 faster when laminating the third inclined bead 301c than, for example, when laminating the second inclined bead 301b. Further, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 makes the supply speed of the wire 5 slower when stacking the third inclined bead 301c than, for example, when stacking the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 does not form the third inclined bead 301c at exactly the same position as the second inclined bead 301b, but shifts the stacking position in the plus Z direction by the bead height of the second inclined bead 301b. forming. Thereby, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can prevent the wire 5 from interfering with the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can also form the inclined model 501 having the structure shown in FIG. 6 or the inclined model 502 having the structure shown in FIG. 9, as in the first embodiment.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 since the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 laminates the third inclined bead 301c on the second inclined bead 301b, the difference in height between the second inclined bead 301b and the peripheral beads is can be corrected. Therefore, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the tilted product 503 with higher accuracy than in the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 3 Next, Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13.
- FIG. In Embodiment 3, the first inclined bead 301a is formed shorter than the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the third embodiment has the same configuration as the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a flow chart showing operation processing procedures of the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an oblique model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the third embodiment; Among the processes shown in FIG. 12, descriptions of the same processes as those described with reference to FIG. 4 will be omitted.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a base bead layer 251 composed of the base bead 201 on the addition target surface 22 of the base material 17 (step S10).
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base bead 201 on the side opposite to the tilt direction shorter than the base bead 201 on the tilt direction side. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base bead 201 in the minus Y direction shorter than the base bead 201 in the plus Y direction.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the base bead layer 251 by the same processing as in the first embodiment.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 repeats the formation of the base bead 201 to form the base bead layer 251 of desired shape and size (step S20). After that, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 executes the process of step S35 instead of the process of step S30.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the first inclined bead 301a shorter than the second inclined bead 301b in the inclined bead layer 351 on the side most opposite to the inclined direction.
- formation of the inclined bead layer 351 shown in FIG. 13 is started (step S35).
- the first inclined bead 301a is a bead whose width in the Y-axis direction is shorter than that of the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the width of the first inclined bead 301a shorter than that of the second inclined bead 301b. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the width in the extending direction of the first inclined bead 301a to be shorter than the width in the extending direction of the second inclined bead 301b.
- the force with which the first inclined bead 301a attracts the second inclined bead 301b is dominated by the size of the area where the second inclined bead b is in contact with the first inclined bead 301a. Therefore, even when the first inclined bead 301a is shorter than the second inclined bead 301b, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can produce the inclined bead layer 351 without deteriorating the effect of preventing the second inclined bead 301b from sagging. can be formed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 When forming the first inclined bead 301a shorter than the second inclined bead 301b, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 performs control such as increasing the scanning speed of the laser beam 24 and decreasing the laser output. That is, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 makes the scanning speed of the laser beam 24 faster when forming the first inclined bead 301a than when laminating the second inclined bead 301b, for example. Further, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 makes the laser output lower when forming the first inclined bead 301a than, for example, when laminating the second inclined bead 301b.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 executes the processes from steps S40 to S60 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. As a result, the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a tilted product 504 shown in FIG. 13 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can shorten the width of the inclined bead layer 351 by forming the first inclined bead 301a shorter than the second inclined bead 301b. Therefore, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the tilted article 504 with a small width, and can form the tilted article 504 with high accuracy.
- Embodiment 4 Next, Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the fourth embodiment has the same configuration as the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 of the first embodiment.
- the operation when the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the fourth embodiment forms an oblique model is the same as the operation process described in the first to third embodiments. Operation processing when the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the fourth embodiment forms a bead-shaped bead will be described below.
- FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing an operation processing procedure when the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment forms bead-shaped beads.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a bead-shaped bead manufacturing method manufactured by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an oblique model formed by the additional manufacturing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment; FIG. 16 shows a bottom view of the bead 32 when the bead 32 is viewed from the negative Z direction.
- the processing head 10 moves to a predetermined first position above the processing region 26 on the addition target surface 22 of the base material 17 (step S410) and stops. Specifically, the processing head 10 moves to the first position where the center axis CL of the laser beam 24 emitted from the beam nozzle 11 is the center position of the processing region 26 on the addition target surface 22 (state 141). .
- the addition target surface 22 here is the surface of the base material 17 on which the bead-shaped beads 32 are deposited, and is the upper surface of the base material 17 placed on the stage 15 .
- the wire nozzle 12 discharges the wire 5 to a desired position toward the addition target surface 22 (step S420). Specifically, the wire nozzle 12 discharges the wire 5 obliquely from above the processing region 26 toward the processing region 26 on the addition target surface 22 (state 142).
- the process of ejecting the wire 5 by the wire nozzle 12 is a process of advancing the wire 5 from the wire nozzle 12 toward the irradiation position of the laser beam 24 in the processing region 26 of the addition target surface 22 to advance the wire 5 to the irradiation position. .
- the wire nozzle 12 brings the tip of the wire 5 into contact with the addition target surface 22 .
- the central axis CW of the wire 5 ejected from the wire nozzle 12 and in contact with the addition target surface 22 and the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 irradiated to the processing region 26 intersect on the surface of the addition target surface 22 . ing.
- the central axis CW of the wire 5 preferably intersects the surface of the addition target surface 22 within the beam radius of the laser beam 24 on the wire nozzle 12 side from the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 irradiated to the processing region 26. .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 forms the bead-shaped bead 32 on the additive target surface 22 around the intersection of the central axis CW of the wire 5 and the central axis CL of the laser beam 24 irradiated to the processing area 26. becomes possible.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 irradiates the laser beam 24 toward the processing region 26 on the addition target surface 22 , thereby irradiating the wire 5 arranged in the processing region 26 on the addition target surface 22 with the laser beam 24 .
- Step S430 (State 143).
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 starts ejecting the inert gas 25 from the gas nozzle 13 to the processing area 26 in accordance with the irradiation of the laser beam 24 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 preferably jets the inert gas 25 from the gas nozzle 13 for a predetermined period of time before irradiating the additive target surface 22 with the laser beam 24 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can remove the active gas such as oxygen remaining inside the gas nozzle 13 from inside the gas nozzle 13 .
- the wire nozzle 12 starts supplying the wire 5 to the processing area 26 (step S440). That is, the wire nozzle 12 further discharges the wire 5 toward the addition target surface 22 .
- the melted wire 21 obtained by melting the wire 5 previously placed in the processing region 26 and the wire 5 supplied to the processing region 26 after the start of irradiation with the laser beam 24 is welded to the addition target surface 22 (state 144 ). That is, in the processing region 26 , the addition target surface 22 is melted to form the molten pool 23 , and the molten wire 21 is welded to the molten pool 23 .
- the bead-shaped bead 32 that is the deposit 18 is formed in the processing region 26 of the addition target surface 22 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 continues to supply the wire 5 to the processing area 26 for the predetermined supply time.
- the additional manufacturing device 100 does not operate the head driving device 14 when melting the wire 5 , but stays in place and melts the wire 5 to form the bead-shaped bead 32 .
- the width Wx is the dimension of the bead 32 in the X direction
- the width Wy is the dimension of the bead 32 in the Y direction.
- the additional manufacturing device 100 can adjust the feed speed of the wire 5 by the rotation speed of the rotary motor 4.
- the feed speed of wire 5 is limited by the power of laser beam 24 . That is, there is a correlation between the feeding speed of the wire 5 and the power of the laser beam 24 for achieving proper welding of the molten wire 21 to the processing area 26 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can increase the molding speed of the bead-shaped bead 32, which is a bead-shaped bead.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 sets the appropriate wire 5 supply speed for the output of the laser beam 24 in order to melt all the wires 5 supplied to the processing area 26 and weld the melted wires 21 into a desired shape. do.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can also adjust the size of the bead-shaped bead 32 by changing the supply time of the wire 5 and the irradiation time of the laser beam 24 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can form a bead-shaped bead 32 with a large diameter by lengthening the supply time of the wire 5 and the irradiation time of the laser beam 24 .
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can form a bead-shaped bead 32 with a small diameter by shortening the supply time of the wire 5 and the irradiation time of the laser beam 24 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 continues to supply the wire 5 to the processing area 26 for a predetermined supply time, and then pulls out the wire 5 from the processing area 26 (step S450) (state 145).
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 stops the laser oscillator 2 to stop the irradiation of the laser beam 24 to the processing area 26 (step S460) (state 146). Thereby, the bead-shaped bead 32 is formed.
- the gas nozzle 13 continues to jet the inert gas 25 toward the workpiece without stopping. That is, after the laser oscillator 2 is stopped, the gas nozzle 13 continues jetting the inert gas 25 toward the processing area 26 for a predetermined duration.
- the duration of the jetting of the inert gas 25 from the gas nozzle 13 toward the work piece is such that the temperature of the bead-shaped bead 32 welded to the processing area 26 reaches a predetermined temperature after the laser oscillator 2 is stopped. It is the time until it drops. This duration is determined based on various conditions such as the material of the wire 5 and the size of the bead 32, and is stored in the control device 1 in advance. After the laser oscillator 2 is stopped and a predetermined duration has elapsed, the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 stops blowing the inert gas 25 from the gas nozzle 13 to the processing area 26, thereby producing one bead-shaped bead. The formation of 32 is completed.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms an inclined bead using the bead-shaped bead 32, so that not only the width of the inclined bead layer 351 but also the depth direction (X direction) can be shortened. can.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form the rod-shaped oblique model 500 extending in the Y direction.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 can form a three-dimensional model having a complicated shape such as a mesh by combining a plurality of rod-shaped inclined models 500 .
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a plurality of rod-shaped oblique models 500 parallel to the Y-axis direction.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a vertical three-dimensional structure out of the mesh-like three-dimensional structure.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a plurality of bar-shaped models parallel to the X-axis direction on the plurality of vertical three-dimensional models.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a lateral model of the mesh-like three-dimensional model.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 forms a mesh-like three-dimensional structure.
- the additional manufacturing apparatus 100 uses the bead-shaped beads 32 to form a three-dimensional structure.
- the additive manufacturing apparatus 100 can increase the modeling resolution compared to the case where the unit beads are linear beads, so that the modeling accuracy can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1にかかる付加製造装置の構成を示す図である。図2は、実施の形態1にかかる付加製造装置による加工の様子を示す模式図である。図2では、付加製造装置100による加工領域26を模式的に示している。
Bo=ΔρgL2/σ・・・(1)
つぎに、図10および図11を用いて実施の形態2について説明する。実施の形態2では、傾斜ビード層351のうちの最後に形成する傾斜ビードを、複数のビードを積層することで形成する。実施の形態2の付加製造装置100は、実施の形態1の付加製造装置100と同様の構成を有している。
つぎに、図12および図13を用いて実施の形態3について説明する。実施の形態3では、第1傾斜ビード301aを第2傾斜ビード301bよりも短く形成する。実施の形態3の付加製造装置100は、実施の形態1の付加製造装置100と同様の構成を有している。
つぎに、図14から図16を用いて実施の形態4について説明する。実施の形態4では、付加製造装置100が、玉状ビードを用いて傾斜造形物(例えば、傾斜造形物500)を形成する。実施の形態4の付加製造装置100は、実施の形態1の付加製造装置100と同様の構成を有している。実施の形態4の付加製造装置100が傾斜造形物を形成する際の動作は、実施の形態1から3までで説明してきた動作処理と同様である。以下では、実施の形態4にかかる付加製造装置100が玉状ビードを形成する際の動作処理について説明する。
Claims (8)
- 造形材料が付加される被加工物の付加対象面に対して鉛直方向から傾いた斜め方向に傾斜させた造形物である傾斜造形物を造形する付加製造装置であって、
前記付加対象面の加工領域に対して前記造形材料を供給する材料供給部と、
レーザビームを前記加工領域へ照射することによって前記造形材料を溶融させる照射部と、
前記材料供給部および前記照射部を制御することによって、前記傾斜造形物の造形を制御する制御装置と、
を備え、
前記制御装置は、
第1のビードおよび第2のビードが堆積されたビード層である下層ビード層を積層させた後に、前記下層ビード層の上面に第3のビードおよび第4のビードが堆積されたビード層である上層ビード層を積層させ、前記上層ビード層を積層させる際には、前記第3のビードを前記下層ビード層の上面に形成した後に、前記下層ビード層の上面および前記第3のビードの側面に接触した前記第4のビードを、前記第4のビードの底面の一部が前記下層ビード層に接触しない位置に形成する、
ことを特徴とする付加製造装置。 - 前記造形材料は、ワイヤ状である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の付加製造装置。 - 前記制御装置は、複数のビードを積層することで前記第4のビードを形成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の付加製造装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第3のビードの延設方向の幅を、前記第4のビードの延設方向の幅よりも短く形成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1つに記載の付加製造装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第3のビードを形成するときのレーザ出力を、前記第4のビードを形成するときのレーザ出力よりも低い出力とする、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の付加製造装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第3のビードを形成するときの前記レーザビームの走査速度を、前記第4のビードを形成するときの前記レーザビームの走査速度よりも速い速度とする、
ことを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の付加製造装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記第3のビードおよび前記第4のビードを玉状のビードで形成する、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1つに記載の付加製造装置。 - 造形材料が付加される被加工物の付加対象面に対して鉛直方向から傾いた斜め方向に傾斜させた造形物である傾斜造形物を造形する付加製造方法であって、
付加製造装置が、前記付加対象面の加工領域に対して前記造形材料を供給する材料供給ステップと、
前記付加製造装置が、レーザビームを前記加工領域へ照射することによって前記造形材料を溶融させる照射ステップと、
を含み、
前記付加製造装置は、第1のビードおよび第2のビードが堆積されたビード層である下層ビード層を積層させた後に、前記下層ビード層の上面に第3のビードおよび第4のビードが堆積されたビード層である上層ビード層を積層させ、前記上層ビード層を積層させる際には、前記第3のビードを前記下層ビード層の上面に形成した後に、前記下層ビード層の上面および前記第3のビードの側面に接触した前記第4のビードを、前記第4のビードの底面の一部が前記下層ビード層に接触しない位置に形成する、
ことを特徴とする付加製造方法。
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